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Wang D, Li P, Zhou Z, Jin M, Li B, Li F, Shen H. The association between endothelial function and autoimmune thyroiditis induced by iodine excess. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127413. [PMID: 38387427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine excess (IE) intake leads to lymphocyte dysfunction and contributes to autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Abnormal thyroid function is associated with adverse cardiovascular events, endothelial dysfunction is often an early pathophysiological feature in most cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between iodine and the cardiovascular system is currently unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IE on endothelial function in mouse model. METHODS A total of 24 NOD.H-2h4 mice were randomly divided into different groups. A sodium iodide (NaI) group supplied with 0.05% NaI water for 8 weeks. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factors α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive Protein (CRP), as well as endothelin-1 (ET-1), von Willebrand factor (VWF) and thrombomodulin (THBD) were detected by Elisa. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of these genes were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Here, we found the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was higher in the NaI group compared to the control group. Serum levels of ET-1, VWF, and THBD were also significantly lower in the NaI group, however, CRP serum levels are significantly increased. In aorta, the mRNA and protein expression of ET-1, VWF, THBD were downregulated, however, the expression of IL-6, CRP and TNFα mRNA and protein were upregulated in the NaI group. A correlation analysis showed negative correlation between UIC with ET-1, VWF, and THBD, similarly, negative correlation between CRP with THBD was observed. In addition, positive correlations between UIC with CRP. CONCLUSION Collectively, in the NOD.H-2h4 mice, IE supplementation had a suppressive effect on endothelial function, and this inhibition maybe due to the increase expression of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China; Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihui Jin
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxiang Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Shen
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China.
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Gao X, Lin X, Wang Q, Chen J. Artemisinins: Promising drug candidates for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:867-891. [PMID: 38054758 DOI: 10.1002/med.22001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the immune system's attack on one's own tissues which are highly diverse and diseases differ in severity, causing damage in virtually all human systems including connective tissue (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), neurological system (e.g., multiple sclerosis) and digestive system (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease). Historically, treatments normally include pain-killing medication, anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressant drugs. However, given the above characteristics, treatment of autoimmune diseases has always been a challenge. Artemisinin is a natural sesquiterpene lactone initially extracted and separated from Chinese medicine Artemisia annua L., which has a long history of curing malaria. Artemisinin's derivatives such as artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, artemether, artemisitene, and so forth, are a family of artemisinins with antimalarial activity. Over the past decades, accumulating evidence have indicated the promising therapeutic potential of artemisinins in autoimmune diseases. Herein, we systematically summarized the research regarding the immunoregulatory properties of artemisinins including artemisinin and its derivatives, discussing their potential therapeutic viability toward major autoimmune diseases and the underlying mechanisms. This review will provide new directions for basic research and clinical translational medicine of artemisinins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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Virili C, Stramazzo I, Bagaglini MF, Carretti AL, Capriello S, Romanelli F, Trimboli P, Centanni M. The relationship between thyroid and human-associated microbiota: A systematic review of reviews. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:215-237. [PMID: 37824030 PMCID: PMC10808578 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing number of studies have examined the relationship between thyroid pathophysiology and intestinal microbiota composition. The reciprocal influence between these two entities has been proven so extensive that some authors coined the term "gut-thyroid axis". However, since some papers reported conflicting results, several aspects of this correlation need to be clarified. This systematic review was conceived to achieve more robust information about: 1)the characteristics of gut microbiota composition in patients with the more common morphological, functional and autoimmune disorders of the thyroid; 2)the influence of gut microbial composition on micronutrients that are essential for the maintenance of thyroid homeostasis; 3)the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics, some of the most popular over-the-counter products, on thyroid balance; 4)the opportunity to use specific dietary advice. The literature evaluation was made by three authors independently. A five steps strategy was a priori adopted. After duplicates removal, 1106 records were initially found and 38 reviews were finally included in the analysis. The systematic reviews of reviews found that: 1) some significant variations characterize the gut microbiota composition in patients with thyroid disorders. However, geographical clustering of most of the studies prevents drawing definitive conclusions on this topic; 2) the available knowledge about the effect of probiotics and synbiotics are not strong enough to suggest the routine use of these compounds in patients with thyroid disorders; 3) specific elimination nutrition should not be routine suggested to patients, which, instead have to be checked for possible micronutrients and vitamins deficiency, often owed to gastrointestinal autoimmune comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso Della Repubblica 79, Latina, Italy.
- Endocrinology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Flavia Bagaglini
- Endocrinology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Carretti
- Endocrinology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Romanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Clinic for Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lugano Regional Hospital, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso Della Repubblica 79, Latina, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
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Chen S, Peng Y, Zhang H, Zou Y. Relationship between thyroid function and dietary inflammatory index in Hashimoto thyroiditis patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35951. [PMID: 37986391 PMCID: PMC10659671 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is closely related to the changes of thyroid function in Hashimoto thyroiditis patients. Certain nutrients or dietary habits can alter the levels of autoantibodies in Hashimoto thyroiditis. However, it remains unclear whether dietary inflammation affects thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary inflammation and thyroid function in Hashimoto thyroiditis patients using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We employed weighted multivariable linear regression, subgroup analyses, and interaction analysis to explore the relationship between thyroid function and dietary inflammatory index. We found that dietary inflammatory index was positively correlated with TSH and total T4. Interaction analysis found an interaction between urinary iodine concentration and FT3, but subgroup analysis for different levels of urinary iodine concentration did not get statistically significant results. Hashimoto thyroiditis patients with more pro-inflammatory diet habits had higher levels of TSH and TT4. In order to prevent hypothyroidism more effectively in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis, it is essential to control dietary inflammation. However, it is still necessary to design a better prospective cohort study to verify the causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yandun Zou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Li F, Zhou Z, Wang L, Li B, Jin M, Liu J, Chen Y, He Y, Ren B, Shen H, Liu L. A study of programmed death-1/programmed death ligand and iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis in NOD.H-2h4 mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2574-2584. [PMID: 37598415 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Excess iodine will trigger the occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), and programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand (PD-L) will also contribute to the development of AIT. The purpose of this study was to explore the role that negative regulatory signals mediated by PD-1/PD-L play in the development of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) in NOD.H-2h4 mice when they are exposed to iodine. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody was administered intraperitoneally to NOD.H-2h4 mice. The relevant indicators were determined by flow cytometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, pathological hematoxylin and eosin staining, and arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Results showed that the level of urinary iodine, the level of thyroid lymphocyte infiltration, the level of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and interferon (IFN-γ)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)/interleukin (IL-2)/IL-17, and the relative expression of PD-1/PD-L1/programmed death-2 (PD-L2) increased with the intervention of excess iodine. After the intervention of the PD-L1 antibody, the expression of PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 in different degrees was inhibited, but the level of thyroid lymphocyte infiltration and serum TgAb/IFN-γ/TNF-α/ IL-2/IL-17 did not decrease. Collectively, although PD-1/PD-L participates in the occurrence of SAT and induces inflammation, administration of the PD-L1 antibody does not effectively improve the pathological process of SAT. More research is needed to determine whether PD-1/PD-L intervention can treat autoimmune thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Control Infection Department, Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbo Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxiang Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihui Jin
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong He
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxuan Ren
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Shen
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Kubiak K, Szmidt MK, Kaluza J, Zylka A, Sicinska E. Do Dietary Supplements Affect Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Status in Adults with Hypothyroidism or Hashimoto's Disease?-A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1798. [PMID: 37891878 PMCID: PMC10604871 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to summarise the results of controlled trials on dietary supplements (DS) usage and inflammation, oxidative stress, antioxidant status, and thyroid parameter improvement in hypothyroidism (HT)/Hashimoto's thyroiditis (AIT) patients. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42022365149). A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases resulted in the identification of nineteen randomised controlled trials and three non-randomised studies for the review; three studies examined the effect of supplementation with vitamin D, twelve studies-with selenium, and seven studies-with other DS. Based on very limited evidence, the lack of influence of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory parameters was found, while no studies have examined oxidative stress and antioxidant status parameters, and only one provided results for a single thyroid parameter after an intervention. Some evidence was found proving that selenium supplementation may decrease inflammation and improve thyroid parameters, but reaching a conclusion about its influence on oxidative stress and antioxidant status is not possible because of the insufficient number of studies. Additionally, due to examining other DS (e.g., multicomponent, Nigella sativa, and genistein) only in single studies, conclusions cannot be drawn. Further long-term, high-quality randomised controlled trials are necessary to better understand the influence of DS on inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status, as well as their potential to improve thyroid gland function in HT/AIT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kubiak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Karolina Szmidt
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kaluza
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zylka
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sicinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Kaličanin D, Cvek M, Barić A, Škrabić V, Punda A, Boraska Perica V. Associations between vitamin D levels and dietary patterns in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1188612. [PMID: 37215216 PMCID: PMC10198619 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1188612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D insufficiency is a global health problem affecting healthy and diseased individuals, including patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Identifying dietary factors that may affect vitamin D levels and providing dietary guidelines accordingly can alleviate this problem. We therefore aimed to identify still unknown associations of dietary patterns, assessed through the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with vitamin D blood levels. Materials and methods FFQ was collected from 459 patients from Croatian Biobank of Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (CROHT), while total 25(OH)D was measured from their stored serum samples. We performed linear regression analysis between vitamin D levels and weekly intake of 24 food groups in 459 patients with HT (ALL), and in two disease-severity groups (MILD and OVERT). Results The main results of our study are observations of: (1) an inverse association between vitamin D levels and coffee consumption (ALL: β = -0.433, p = 0.005; OVERT: β = -0.62, p = 0.008); (2) an inverse association between vitamin D levels and sweets consumption (ALL: β = -0.195, p = 0.034; OVERT: β = -0.431, p = 0.006); (3) positive association between vitamin D levels and vegetable consumption (ALL: β = 0.182, p = 0.019; OVERT, β = 0.311, p = 0.009). Importantly, effect sizes of all three associations were more prominent in HT patients with prolonged and more severe disease (OVERT). Conclusion Further research into the functional and causal relationships of the observed associations is important to provide guidance regarding coffee/sugar intake on vitamin D status. A well-balanced diet can help prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve the quality of life of patients with HT, especially those in later stages of disease characterized by greater metabolic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Kaličanin
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Cvek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Barić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Veselin Škrabić
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ante Punda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Merakchi K, Djerbib S, Dumont JE, Miot F, De Deken X. Severe Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Transgenic NOD.H2 h4 Mice Expressing Interleukin-4 in the Thyroid. Thyroid 2023; 33:351-364. [PMID: 36416242 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a common autoimmune thyroid disorder characterized by thyroid lymphocytic infiltrates and autoreactive antibodies against thyroglobulin (TgAbs) and thyroperoxidase. Final evolution of the disease can lead to hypothyroidism with destruction of the thyroid architecture. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is involved in the humoral immune response and B cell activation required in autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) progression. We used our mouse model overexpressing IL-4 by thyrocytes (Thyr-IL4) to study the impact of a local IL-4 expression in AT using transgenic nonobese diabetic (NOD.H2h4) derived animals treated with iodide-supplemented water to increase the incidence of spontaneous AT (SAT). Methods: Thyr-IL4 NOD.H2h4 and nonpathogenic C57BL/6 animals aged 8 weeks were exposed to 0.05% sodium iodide (NaI) in their drinking water for 8 and 16 weeks. Circulating TgAbs and expression of intrathyroidal cytokines were quantified. Thyroid inflammation was assessed by classical histological analyses, including identification of some immune cell populations. The most sensitive parameter to evaluate the thyroid function, serum thyrotropin (TSH), was also measured at the end of the treatment. Results: Relative to wild-type (WT) animals, Thyr-IL4 NOD.H2h4 mice developed severe accelerated SAT with elevated serum TgAbs and numerous thyroid infiltrates mainly composed of CD4+/CD8+ T cells, B lymphocytes, and monocytes/macrophages. Thyroid expression of T helper (Th) Th1/Th2 cytokines was also enhanced, as well as IL-17. In contrast, excessive iodide supply did not induce TgAbs in WT and Thyr-IL4 SAT-resistant C57BL/6 animals. However, moderate leukocyte infiltrations in transgenic thyroids were evident compared to WT, but associated with a limited number of T and B cells and a different cytokine profile from Thyr-IL4 NOD.H2h4 mice. Finally, and despite their diverse immune responses, both transgenic strains presented marked thyroid enlargement and elevated serum TSH at the end of the treatment in contrast to their WT littermates. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that ectopic expression of IL-4 from thyrocytes enhanced the severity of accelerated SAT in disease-prone Thyr-IL4 NOD.H2h4 animals and promoted thyroid leukocyte infiltration in SAT-resistant transgenic C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, impaired thyroid function emerged in both transgenic strains during the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Merakchi
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sami Djerbib
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques-Emile Dumont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Miot
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Deken
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Ghanooni AH, Zadeh-Vakili A, Rezvankhah B, Jafari Nodushan S, Akbarzadeh M, Amouzegar A, Daneshpour MS, Khalili D, Mehrabi Y, Ebadi SA, Azizi F. Longitudinal Associations Between TPO Gene Variants and Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody Seroconversion in a Population-Based Study: Tehran Thyroid Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:65-73. [PMID: 36989526 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are usually accompanied by anti-thyroid antibodies which can serve as early predictive markers. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene variants and the presence of TPOAb and to evaluate the effect of environmental factors associated with seroconversion from TPOAb-negative to TPOAb-positive. Methods: Participants from phases 1 and 2 of the Tehran Thyroid Study in (n = 5327, ≥20 years) were evaluated in terms of TPOAb positivity, and its relationship with 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from within the TPO gene (cross-sectional approach). TPOAb-negative participants (n = 4815) were followed up for seroconversion for 5.5 years. The relationship between the TPO gene variants and the TPOAb seroconversion was evaluated (longitudinal approach). Results: There were 521 TPOAb-positive participants in the cross-sectional phase and 266 new TPOAb-positive cases observed during the follow-up period. After quality control (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p < 1 × 10-5) and minor allele frequency < 0.05), 49 SNPs were qualified for association analyses. From this set fourteen SNPs were identified that were associated with TPOAb positivity. rs6605278, located in the 3'UTR TPO gene, was the most highly significantly associated of the variant and remained associated after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, number of parity, and oral contraceptive consumption in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses (p < 0.05). Conclusions: TPOAb-positivity can be partially explained by variants in the TPO gene. New TPOAb-associated SNPs were observed in Iranians as an ethnically diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Ghanooni
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Zadeh-Vakili
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Boshra Rezvankhah
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jafari Nodushan
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Amouzegar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Ebadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Thyroidal and Extrathyroidal Requirements for Iodine and Selenium: A Combined Evolutionary and (Patho)Physiological Approach. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193886. [PMID: 36235539 PMCID: PMC9571367 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodide is an antioxidant, oxidant and thyroid hormone constituent. Selenoproteins are needed for triiodothyronine synthesis, its deactivation and iodine release. They also protect thyroidal and extrathyroidal tissues from hydrogen peroxide used in the ‘peroxidase partner system’. This system produces thyroid hormone and reactive iodine in exocrine glands to kill microbes. Exocrine glands recycle iodine and with high urinary clearance require constant dietary supply, unlike the thyroid. Disbalanced iodine-selenium explains relations between thyroid autoimmune disease (TAD) and cancer of thyroid and exocrine organs, notably stomach, breast, and prostate. Seafood is iodine unconstrained, but selenium constrained. Terrestrial food contains little iodine while selenium ranges from highly deficient to highly toxic. Iodine vs. TAD is U-shaped, but only low selenium relates to TAD. Oxidative stress from low selenium, and infection from disbalanced iodine-selenium, may generate cancer of thyroid and exocrine glands. Traditional Japanese diet resembles our ancient seashore-based diet and relates to aforementioned diseases. Adequate iodine might be in the milligram range but is toxic at low selenium. Optimal selenoprotein-P at 105 µg selenium/day agrees with Japanese intakes. Selenium upper limit may remain at 300–400 µg/day. Seafood combines iodine, selenium and other critical nutrients. It brings us back to the seashore diet that made us what we currently still are.
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Moghadam M, Ghaemi EA, Akbari H, Razavi Nikoo H, Zamani S. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Is MAP the trigger? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:972929. [PMID: 36204645 PMCID: PMC9530259 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.972929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland that can cause hypothyroidism. As HT is a multifactorial disorder, activation of immune responses in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to some environmental factors can contribute to it. Microorganisms, as environmental factors, including Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by molecular mimicry, can be important in this autoimmune disorder. This study aimed to investigate the association between MAP and HT. This case–control study included 110 participants consisting of 60 HT patients and 50 healthy controls (HCs). Blood samples were collected. Nested PCR of the IS900 gene determined the presence of MAP DNA. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was designed to identify antibodies (Abs) against the MAP3865c epitope, which has a homologous sequence with ZnT8 in the sera. The demographic information of all participants was recorded. Anti-TG, anti-TPO, TSH, anemia, and ruminant exposure were higer in HT patients than in the HCs (p < 0.05). MAP IS900 was detected significantly more in the patients (46.6% consisting of 30, 8.3, and 8.3% in clinical, subclinical, and unknown) than in the HCs (14%). The sera showed a remarkable frequency of reactivity against MAP3865c in the patients (38.3%) in comparison to the HCs (10%) (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, a significantly higher rate of livestock contact and traditional dairy consumption was found in individuals with MAP or anti-MAP3865c Abs positive result (p < 0.05). This study suggests a possible link between MAP and HT. These findings indicated that MAP frequency was not statistically different in the severity of HT and its shift into the clinical and subclinical forms; therefore, it could be assumed that MAPs are the initiators of the process. The results imply on a possible zoonosis transmission route of MAP from livestock products to humans. Further research is needed to confirm these results in larger groups of HT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ezzat Allah Ghaemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamideh Akbari
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hadi Razavi Nikoo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Samin Zamani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Samin Zamani,
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12
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Merakchi K, Djerbib S, Soleimani M, Dumont JE, Miot F, De Deken X. Murine Thyroid IL-4 Expression Worsens Hypothyroidism on Iodine Restriction and Mitigates Graves Disease Development. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6650252. [PMID: 35881515 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are known to perturb thyroid function and the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the pathogenesis of Graves disease (GD) remains controversial. In our mouse model overexpressing IL-4 in thyrocytes (Thyr-IL4), we have reported that adult mice preserved normal serum thyroxine despite an iodide uptake defect. In the present work, we evaluated if iodine restriction could uncover the thyroid deficiency in Thyr-IL4 animals as well as the role of pendrin overexpression as a compensatory mechanism. Moreover, using an experimental model of GD we investigated the effect of a local expression of IL-4 on the incidence of hyperthyroidism. Thyr-IL4 mice developed more rapidly elevated serum thyrotropin under low-iodine supply with thyroid enlargement and classical histological modifications. These hallmarks of hypothyroidism were all enhanced in Thyr-IL4 mice with complete pendrin invalidation. Following immunization, a lower proportion of Thyr-IL4 animals developed hyperthyroidism. Surprisingly, immunized Thyr-IL4 animals presented numerous leukocyte infiltrates, associated with increased intrathyroidal expression of IFN-γ. We have demonstrated that thyroid deficiency in Thyr-IL4 mice is partially compensated for by the excessive iodide content of the standard chow and the overexpression of pendrin in these animals. Furthermore, we have shown that the local expression of IL-4 in the thyroid attenuates GD progression, which was associated with enhanced thyroid infiltration by immune cells that could negatively affect thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Merakchi
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sami Djerbib
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA
| | - Jacques-Emile Dumont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Miot
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Deken
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Iguchi T, Nakamura Y, Akiyama T, Chand K, Yu E. Descriptive study on burden and communication of fatigue among castration-resistant prostate cancer patients in Japan. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:417-426. [PMID: 34918590 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.2006534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate cancer is a common malignancy and patients may progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Among patients with CRPC, fatigue is a common symptom associated with current treatments. The aim of this real-world study was to describe patient-reported fatigue in Japanese patients treated with androgen receptor-axis-targeted therapies for CRPC. METHODS Data of this observational study were collected in a quantitative phase for the description of patient-reported fatigue, and a qualitative phase for elicitation of fatigue perception and barriers to reporting fatigue. RESULTS In the quantitative phase (N = 22), fatigue was investigated in two formats: symptoms report and Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI). In the report of the symptoms, 12 patients reported tiredness, and four moderate-to-severe tiredness during treatment. In the BFI, all patients reported fatigue; eight reported moderate-to-severe fatigue. The most affected BFI domain was mood: five patients reporting moderate-to-severe impact. In interviews (qualitative phase; N = 8), diverse patient experience on fatigue was observed, including apathetic feelings, affected speed and distance during the walk, negative impact on profession, housework, or driving, reduced outgoing activity, and difficulty in enjoying time with grandchildren or travel. Five out of eight patients communicated fatigue to their physicians but received diverse reactions. CONCLUSION Patient interviews highlighted the impact of fatigue on patients' lives and difficulties in communicating fatigue to physicians. Fatigue frequency after medication may need to be monitored and its burden is considered to provide treatment that meets the needs, wishes, and circumstances of each patient. Further research is needed to elucidate how fatigue affects patients' lives, and underscore patient-physician communication difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Iguchi
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Market and Regional Access, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akiyama
- Real World Evidence Solutions, IQVIA Solutions Japan K.K, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Krishant Chand
- Real World Evidence Solutions, IQVIA Solutions Japan K.K, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eric Yu
- Real World Evidence Solutions, IQVIA Solutions Japan K.K, Tokyo, Japan
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Aleksić J. The influence of vitamin D and iron on thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity. MEDICINSKI GLASNIK SPECIJALNE BOLNICE ZA BOLESTI ŠTITASTE ŽLEZDE I BOLESTI METABOLIZMA 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/mgiszm2287064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Rola autoimmunizacji w rozwoju powikłań cukrzycowych – przegląd badań. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Przewlekłe powikłania cukrzycy są główną przyczyną obniżenia jakości życia, niepełnosprawności, a nawet przedwczesnej śmierci pacjentów cierpiących na tę chorobę. Mimo istotnego postępu w dziedzinie farmakoterapii, ich leczenie pozostaje nadal wyzwaniem w codziennej praktyce klinicznej. Brak terapii przyczynowej wynika z niewystarczającego zrozumienia molekularnych mechanizmów uszkadzających poszczególne narządy w cukrzycy. Uważa się, że etiopatogeneza tych powikłań jest złożona i zależy od czynników genetycznych i środowiskowych. W ich rozwoju, oprócz zaburzeń metabolicznych związanych z hiperglikemią, nasilenia stresu oksydacyjnego, dysfunkcji śródbłonka, indukcji stanu zapalnego, coraz częściej wskazuje się też na znaczącą rolę zaburzeń immunologicznych.
Wyniki badań doświadczalnych przeprowadzonych na zwierzętach, jak również na hodowlach tkankowych, oraz obserwacje kliniczne potwierdzają udział układu odpornościowego obejmujący aktywność autoreaktywnych limfocytów oraz cytotoksyczne działanie autoprzeciwciał w rozwoju poszczególnych powikłań w obu typach cukrzycy. Wydaje się zatem, że zachwianie równowagi immunologicznej wyzwalające autoagresję jest ważnym czynnikiem przyczyniającym się do dysfunkcji poszczególnych organów w typach cukrzycy 1 i 2.
Dokładne zrozumienie immunopatogenezy tych zaburzeń może zmienić dotychczasowe podejście w leczeniu powikłań cukrzycy oraz umożliwić opracowanie skutecznej terapii przyczynowej ukierunkowanej na układ odpornościowy. Identyfikacja swoistych autoprzeciwciał mogłaby usprawnić ich wczesną diagnostykę i prewencję. W artykule podjęto próbę analizy czynników ryzyka najczęstszych schorzeń o podłożu autoimmunizacyjnym, ich związku z typem 1 i 2 cukrzycy oraz podsumowano potencjalne znaczenie autoagresji w rozwoju jej powikłań w oparciu o wyniki dotychczasowych badań doświadczalnych i klinicznych.
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Guo Q, Qu H, Zhang H, Zhong X. Prunella vulgaris L. Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis by Inhibiting HMGB1/TLR9 Signaling. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:4559-4574. [PMID: 34764638 PMCID: PMC8576104 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s325814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) has been used to treat autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of PV on AIT and explore the role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) signaling in PV-mediated effects in vivo and in vitro. Methods In the present study, bioactive components of PV were identified using UPLC-ESI-MS. The protective effects and potential mechanisms critical for the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of PV in AIT were investigated in a rat model of thyroglobulin-induced experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced thyroid follicular cells (TFCs). Results The main bioactive compound identified in PV was rosmarinic acid. The thyroid volume, thyroiditis inflammation score and serum thyroglobulin antibody levels of EAT rats were attenuated by PV treatment (P<0.01). In addition, PV significantly reduced the elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) both in vivo (P<0.01) and in vitro (P<0.05). PV downregulated HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression, reduced HMGB1 secretion, and inhibited TLR9 signaling pathways (TLR9 and MyD88) in PV-treated EAT rats and TFCs. Moreover, PV reversed the increases in the numbers of splenic Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Finally, our results acquired following administration of ethyl pyruvate, an HMGB1 inhibitor, to splenocytes cultured in vitro supported the hypothesis that the HMGB1/TLR9 pathway is involved in the PV-mediated reductions in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. Conclusion PV decreased the activity of the TLR9/MyD88 pathway and proinflammatory cytokines through HMGB1. In addition, we are the first to show that PV attenuated the HMGB1-induced increases in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells in AIT models. These findings provide new evidence for the potential therapeutic value of PV as a treatment for AIT and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine,Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Qu
- Department of Nursing, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Department of General Practice, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
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Bohinc Henderson B. Levothyroxine Sodium Oral Solution Normalizes Thyroid Function in a Patient with Hashimoto's Disease, Gastritis, Diabetic Gastroparesis, and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO). Int Med Case Rep J 2021; 14:627-632. [PMID: 34557042 PMCID: PMC8453642 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s326481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Levothyroxine (L-T4) is used as a standard-of-care treatment in patients with hypothyroidism. L-T4 is absorbed throughout the small intestine, and consistent drug absorption is required for successful treatment. Patients with Hashimoto’s disease (autoimmune thyroiditis) often have food and medication sensitivities, as well as comorbid gastrointestinal (GI) disorders detrimental to L-T4 absorption. Case Presentation This case report describes a 51-year-old female patient with long-standing Hashimoto’s disease and multiple sensitivities to food chemicals and medications. The patient suffered from GI symptoms and poor thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) control. She was switched to compounded thyroxine/triiodothyronine medication due to her multiple allergies, with only mild improvement in thyroid function and no symptom resolution. She was subsequently diagnosed with gastroparesis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Because of further worsening of her GI symptoms and weight loss, she was switched to levothyroxine sodium oral solution (Tirosint®-SOL), which contains only three ingredients—levothyroxine, water, and glycerol—which was well tolerated and led to normalization of TSH levels. Conclusion Malabsorption of L-T4 is often seen in patients with Hashimoto’s disease-related hypothyroidism and comorbid GI conditions, such as gastroparesis and SIBO. L-T4 tablets and a compounded oral suspension were inefficiently absorbed, leading to suboptimal TSH control. Switching to levothyroxine sodium oral solution resulted in sustained TSH control with subsequent resolution of symptoms. No side effects or reactions to the medication were observed, despite the patient’s multiple allergies and sensitivities to food chemicals and medications.
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Hashimoto thyroiditis in Lebanon: Fibrinogen levels increase and redox homeostasis alteration in euthyroid patients and detection of a new SAA1 “ε” isoform (V52-V57). GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vitamin D and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Observations from CROHT Biobank. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082793. [PMID: 34444953 PMCID: PMC8401592 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate: (1) associations of vitamin D with the presence/severity of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and (2) correlations of vitamin D with thyroid-related phenotypes. Total 25(OH)D (vitamin D in the text) was measured from stored serum samples of 461 HT patients and 176 controls from a Croatian Biobank of HT patients (CROHT). (1) Vitamin D levels, and proportions of vitamin D deficiency, were compared between HT cases and controls. HT patients were additionally divided into two groups (MILD and OVERT) to take into account HT severity. (2) Correlations between vitamin D and 10 clinical phenotypes in all HT patients and two subgroups of HT patients were tested using the Spearman correlation test. Our analyses were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, smoking status and seasonality of blood sampling. (1) No significant differences in vitamin D levels, or proportions of vitamin D deficiency, were detected between HT patients of all disease stages and controls. However, a nominally significant difference in vitamin D levels between MILD and OVERT subgroups (OR = 1.038, p = 0.023) was observed. Proportions of individuals with vitamin D deficiency during winter–spring were high: all HT cases (64.69%), MILD (60.64%), OVERT (68.7%), controls (60.79%). (2) A nominally significant negative correlation between vitamin D and TSH in all HT patients (r = −0.113, p = 0.029) and a positive correlation between vitamin D and systolic blood pressure in OVERT HT patients (r = 0.205, p = 0.025) were identified. Our study indicates that there is no association between vitamin D and HT; however, there may be a subtle decrease in vitamin D levels associated with overt hypothyroidism.
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Vita R, Di Bari F, Capodicasa G, Perelli S, Bonanno AM, Ieni A, Moleti M, Vermiglio F, Tuccari G, Benvenga S. Rates of lymphocytic thyroiditis and ultrasound features of citologically-interrogated thyroid nodules based on the area of residence in a Sicily province. Endocrine 2021; 72:744-757. [PMID: 33063274 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and the ultrasound characteristics (composition and volume) of thyroid nodules with respect to the area of residence in the province of Messina, some areas having environmental issues. METHODS Fine-needle aspiration-interrogated nodules (n = 902) of 809 patients were evaluated upon stratification into 8 areas of residence. RESULTS Overall, women were younger than men (55.3 ± 14.0 vs. 58.6 ± 12.6 years, P = 0.0083). Patients residing in three areas (one hosting two garbage dumps, one hosting a petrochemical complex and a thermoelectrical power plant, and one hosting several ceramic factories [CFA]) were younger than those residing in the city of Messina (MEA) (52.9 ± 13.4 vs. 57.7 ± 13.6 years, P < 0.0001). Also, patients residing in those three areas had a greater rate of AIT, diagnosed either ultrasonographically/serologically (22.2% of patients) or cytologically (26.3% of nodules), compared with MEA (11.7% of patients, P = 0.0007 or 20.2% of nodules, P = 0.0815). Rates of AIT ranged 12.5-28.6% in the remaining four areas. Overall, nodules in women were smaller than in men (3.6 ± 5.7 vs. 6.1 ± 9.4 ml, P = 0.0006). Compared with the other seven areas, patients living in CFA had the largest nodules (6.8 ± 6.8 ml, P = 0.0040-0.0291), with the nodule volume being inversely correlated to patient's age (r = -0.4955, P = 0.0431). CONCLUSION Rates of AIT and associated ultrasound features of thyroid nodules vary in different areas of our province. Further studies correlating these rates and features with exposure to specific toxicants are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Flavia Di Bari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Capodicasa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Sarah Perelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bonanno
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age Gaetano Barresi - Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age Gaetano Barresi - Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariacarla Moleti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Vermiglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program on New Models of Multidisciplinary Management in Endocrinology, University Hospital, A.O.U. Policlinico G. Martino, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age Gaetano Barresi - Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital, A.O.U. Policlinico G. Martino, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
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Yang X, Chen L, Zhao L, Yang Y, Wang J, Yan L, Tai G, Zhang H. Cordyceps sinensis-derived fungus Isaria felina ameliorates experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111733. [PMID: 34029950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Cordyceps sinensis-derived fungus Isaria felina on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). METHODS A NaI-induced EAT mouse model was established. The mice received oral administration of vehicle, low-dose Isaria felina (300 mg/kg), or high-dose Isaria felina (600 mg/kg) once a day for four weeks before euthanasia. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) was performed to measure serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, thyroid antibodies, and cytokines. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was conducted to assess histopathological changes in the thyroid tissue samples of mice. TUNEL and Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to evaluate cell apoptosis, and cleaved caspase-3 IHC was performed to detect the relative expression in the thyroid tissue samples. RESULTS Compared with KIO3 and KI water, NaI water consumption successfully induced EAT in mice, as evidenced by significantly increased circulating TSH and thyroid antibody levels, along with typical histopathological abnormalities of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in the thyroid tissue samples. Compared with vehicle or low-dose Isaria felina, high-dose Isaria felina treatment resulted in significant reductions in white cell counts and circulating TSH, thyroid antibody, and cytokine levels of EAT mice. High-dose Isaria felina also alleviated histopathological abnormalities and attenuated TUNEL staining, Bcl-2 protein expression, and cleaved caspase-3 expression in the thyroid tissue samples. CONCLUSION High-dose Isaria felina treatment alleviates thyroid inflammation and cell apoptosis in EAT, serving as a novel, promising therapeutic agent for AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihua Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Cancer Institute, Taiyuan 030013, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Cancer Institute, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Cancer Institute, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Yongming Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Cancer Institute, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Cancer Institute, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Cancer Institute, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Gang Tai
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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22
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Abstract
Adequate iodine intake is necessary for normal thyroid function. Iodine deficiency is associated with serious complications, but also iodine excess can lead to thyroid dysfunction, and iodine supplementation aimed to prevent iodine deficiency disorders has been associated with development of thyroid autoimmunity. The epidemiology of thyroid diseases has undergone profound changes since the implementation of iodoprophylaxis, notably by means of iodine-enriched salt, specifically resulting in decreased prevalence of goiter and neonatal hypothyroidism, improved cognitive function development in infancy, and reduced incidence of more aggressive forms of thyroid cancer. The main question we address with this review is the clinical relevance of the possible effect on autoimmunity exerted by the use of iodine-enriched salt to correct iodine deficiency. In animal models, exogenous iodine is able to trigger or exacerbate thyroid autoimmunity, but it is still not clear whether the observed immunological changes are due to a direct effect of iodine on immune response, or whether they represent a secondary response to a toxic effect of iodine on thyroid tissue. Previous iodine status of a population seems to influence the functional thyroid response to increased iodine intake and possibly the development of thyroid autoimmunity. Moreover, the prevalence of thyroid antibodies, regarded as hallmark of autoimmune thyroid disease, varies between populations under the influence of genetic and environmental factors, and the presence of thyroid antibodies does not always coincide with the presence of thyroid disease or its future development. In addition, the incidence of autoimmune diseases shows a general increasing trend in the last decades. For all these reasons, available data are quite heterogeneous and difficult to analyze and compare. In conclusion, available data from long-term population surveys show that a higher than adequate population iodine intake due to a poorly controlled program of iodine prophylaxis could induce thyroid dysfunction, including thyroid autoimmunity mostly represented by euthyroid or subclinical hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis. Close monitoring iodine prophylaxis is therefore advised to ensure that effects of both iodine deficiency and iodine excess are avoided.
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Wang C, Li Y, Teng D, Shi X, Ba J, Chen B, Du J, He L, Lai X, Li Y, Chi H, Liao E, Liu C, Liu L, Qin G, Qin Y, Quan H, Shi B, Sun H, Tang X, Tong N, Wang G, Zhang JA, Wang Y, Xue Y, Yan L, Yang J, Yang L, Yao Y, Ye Z, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Zhu J, Zhu M, Shan Z, Teng W. Hyperthyroidism Prevalence in China After Universal Salt Iodization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:651534. [PMID: 34122333 PMCID: PMC8194401 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.651534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universal salt iodization (USI) was implemented in mainland China in 1996. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism and its risk factors now require examination. METHODS Data were acquired from a nationwide Thyroid, Iodine, and Diabetes Epidemiological survey (TIDE 2015-2017) of 78,470 subjects from 31 provinces. Iodine status, and thyroid hormones and antibodies were measured. RESULTS After two decades of USI, the prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism (OH), Graves' disease (GD), severe subclinical hyperthyroidism (severe SCH), and mild subclinical hyperthyroidism (mild SCH) in mainland China was 0.78%, 0.53%, 0.22%, and 0.22%, respectively. OH and GD prevalence were higher in women than in men (OH: 1.16% vs. 0.64%, P<0.001; GD: 0.65% vs. 0.37%, P<0.001).Prevalence was significantly decreased after 60 years-of-age compared with 30-39 years-of-age (OH:0.61% vs. 0.81%, P<0.001; GD: 0.38% vs. 0.57%, P<0.001).Excessive iodine(EI) and deficient iodine(DI) were both related to increased prevalence of OH (odds ratio [OR] 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68-2.59; OR1.35, 95%CI 1.07-1.72, respectively); however, only deficient iodine was associated with increased prevalence of GD (OR1.67, 95%CI 1.30-2.15). Increased thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody levels were significantly associated with prevalence of OH and GD, but not severe SCH and mild SCH. Although hyperthyroidism was more prevalent in women, the association disappeared after adjusting for other factors such as antibody levels. CONCLUSION OH and GD prevalences in mainland China are stable after two decades of USI. Iodine deficiency, elevated thyroid antibody levels, and middle age are the main risk factors for OH and GD. The severe SCH population, rather than the mild SCH population, shows similar characteristics to the OH population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongze Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianming Ba
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lanjie He
- Department of Endocrinology, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Jinfeng, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiyi Chi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Eryuan Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Research Center of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Libin Liu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- International Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Huibiao Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Youmin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lihui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Yongli Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Zhejiang CDC), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongyan Shan, ; Weiping Teng,
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongyan Shan, ; Weiping Teng,
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Chen Y, Han B, Yu J, Chen Y, Cheng J, Zhu C, Xia F, Wang N, Lu Y. Influence of Rapid Urbanization on Thyroid Autoimmune Disease in China. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:9967712. [PMID: 34122544 PMCID: PMC8189768 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9967712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), especially Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), has increased dramatically in China. Moreover, China is experiencing the largest scale of urbanization in the world. We intended to explore the relationship between rapid urbanization and HT. METHODS A total of 2946 subjects in Zhejiang Shangyu (SY) (n = 1546) and Jiangsu Nanjing (NJ) (n = 1400) were enrolled in this study. Serum TPOAb, TGAb, and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured, and ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed in all subjects. DNA was extracted from all subjects, and four SNPs were selected for genotyping. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to screen the best interaction between genetic factors and environment factors. RESULTS TPOAb and TGAb concentrations were higher in NJ than in SY (34.60 vs. 14.00 IU/ml and 21.05 vs. 7.50 IU/ml). People in NJ also had higher TPOAb and TGAb positivity rates than those in SY (7.8% vs. 12.7% and 8.7% vs. 16.3%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that rapid urbanization was an independent risk factor for TPOAb (OR = 1.473) and TGAb (OR = 1.689). Genotype TT in rs11675434 was associated with an increased risk of TPOAb positivity both in SY (OR = 2.955) and in NJ (OR = 1.819). GMDR analysis showed a two-locus model (SNP2 × urbanization) and a three-locus model (SNP2 × SNP3 × urbanization), which had testing accuracies of 56.88% and 57.25%, respectively (P values were 0.001 and 0.001). CONCLUSION Rapid urbanization influences the incidence of TPOAb and TGAb positivity. We should pay more attention to thyroid autoimmune disease in areas of China experiencing rapid urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Zhu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li L, Ying YX, Liang J, Geng HF, Zhang QY, Zhang CR, Chen FX, Li Y, Feng Y, Wang Y, Song HD. Urinary Iodine and Genetic Predisposition to Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in a Chinese Han Population: A Case-Control Study. Thyroid 2020; 30:1820-1830. [PMID: 32746755 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to examine the association of urinary iodine concentration with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) risk, and particularly, to investigate whether the HT-related genetic variations might modify the effects of urinary iodine on HT in the Chinese Han population. Methods: We conducted a case-control study with 1723 Chinese (731 cases, 992 controls). The associations between urinary iodine concentration and HT risk were analyzed using logistic regression models. The effects of interactions between the genetic risk scores (GRSs) and urinary iodine on HT risk were assessed by including the respective interaction terms in the models. We also applied restricted cubic spline regression to estimate the possible nonlinear relationship. The multinomial logistic regression models were performed to determine the associations of urinary iodine with euthyroid-HT and hypothyroidism-HT. Results: After controlling for potential confounders, the odds of HT increased with increasing quartiles of urinary iodine concentration: adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals [CIs] were 1.45 [1.06-1.99], 1.66 [1.17-2.34], and 2.07 [1.38-3.10] for the quartiles 2, 3, and 4, respectively, compared with the first quartile (p for trend <0.001). Multivariable restricted cubic spline regression analysis further demonstrated that there was a near-linear association between urinary iodine concentration and HT risk (p-overall <0.001; p-nonlinear = 0.074). However, we did not find significant interactions between urinary iodine and GRSs on the risk of HT (all p for interaction >0.05). Interestingly, we found that each increment of urinary iodine was associated with a more than twofold increase in the odds of hypothyroidism-HT (adjusted OR = 2.64 [CI = 1.73-4.05]), but not with euthyroid-HT (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Higher urinary iodine concentration was associated with increased risk of HT, and this association was near linear, indicating that increased urinary iodine has a continuous and graded impact on HT risk. Moreover, the iodine-HT association was not modified by genetic predisposition to HT. Interestingly, urinary iodine concentration was significantly associated with increased risk of hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xia Ying
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hou-Fa Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian-Yue Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Run Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Xiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pitto L, Gorini F, Bianchi F, Guzzolino E. New Insights into Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Thyroid Diseases: The Epigenetic Way. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217787. [PMID: 33114343 PMCID: PMC7662297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the presence in the environment of chemical compounds with thyroid-disrupting effects is progressively increased. This phenomenon has risen concern for human health as the preservation of thyroid system homeostasis is essential for fetal development and for maintaining psychological and physiological wellbeing. An increasing number of studies explored the role of different classes of toxicants in the occurrence and severity of thyroid diseases, but large epidemiological studies are limited and only a few animal or in vitro studies have attempted to identify the mechanisms of chemical action. Recently, epigenetic changes such as alteration of methylation status or modification of non-coding RNAs have been suggested as correlated to possible deleterious effects leading to different thyroid disorders in susceptible individuals. This review aims to analyze the epigenetic alterations putatively induced by chemical exposures and involved in the onset of frequent thyroid diseases such as thyroid cancer, autoimmune thyroiditis and disruption of fetal thyroid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Pitto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 39-050-3153090
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (E.G.)
| | - Elena Guzzolino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (F.B.); (E.G.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Macrophagic myofasciitis: an atypical presentation for a rare disease with a challenging approach. Reumatologia 2020; 58:167-172. [PMID: 32684650 PMCID: PMC7362278 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2020.96683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) is a rare immune-mediated myopathy that seems to be triggered by aluminium hydroxide adjuvant used in vaccines. Its presentation is relatively heterogeneous and treatment with steroids leads to improvement, although there is little evidence regarding the role of other immunosuppressants. The histological findings in MMF seem to be the result of an abnormal presence in the inoculation site of aluminium, which can induce an immune-mediated muscular disease in susceptible persons. The authors describe the case of a patient with an atypical presentation of macrophagic myofasciitis, with histological confirmation in a muscle biopsy distant from the inoculation site, and a good therapeutic response to tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil, as well as a discussion on the pathologic basis, controversies and emerging treatments for this condition.
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Bulut Arikan F, Özdemir FA, Şen D, Erdem S, Yörübulut S, Doğan H, Keskin L. TRPV2 POLYMORPHISMS INCREASE OR REDUCE THE RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES - HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS COMORBIDITY. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2020; 16:15-21. [PMID: 32685033 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Context Thyroid disorders are common in diabetics and related to severe diabetic complications. TRPV2 ion channels have crucial functions in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism which have an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Also, they have a significant effect on various immunological events that are involved in the HT pathophysiology. Objective This study aimed to investigate rs14039 and rs4792742 polymorphisms of the TRPV2 ion channels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n=100) Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT, n=70) and comorbid T2DM and HT (T2DM+HT, n=100) patients and control (n=100). Design Case-control study. Subject and Methods RT-PCR genotyping was used to determine rs14039 and rs4792742 polymorphisms with DNA samples of subjects and appropriate primer and probes. Besides, required biochemical analyses were performed. Results It was determined that the frequencies of the rs14039 GG homozygote polymorphic genotype and the G allele were significantly higher in T2DM+HT patients compared to the control (p=0.03 and p=0.01, respectively) and that especially the GG genotype increases the risk of T2DM+HT 3.046-fold (p=0.01, OR=3.046). It was detected that the GG genotype increased the risk of HT 2.54-fold (p=0.05, OR=2.541). TRPV2 rs4792742 polymorphisms reduce the risk of HT and T2DM+HT comorbidity almost by half and have a protective effect against HT and T2DM+HT. Conclusion The rs14039 GG genotype of the TRPV2 gene significantly increases the risks of development of T2DM+HT and HT disorders, may have a significant role in the pathophysiology of these diseases, also leading to predisposition for their development. Conversely, rs4792742 polymorphic genotypes have a strong protective effect against the HT and T2DM+HT comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bulut Arikan
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - F A Özdemir
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Bingol University, Faculty of Science and Art, Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Elazig, Turkey
| | - D Şen
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Medical Genetics, Elazig, Turkey
| | - S Erdem
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Medical Biology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - S Yörübulut
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Letters, Dept. of Statistics, Kırıkkale, Elazig, Turkey
| | - H Doğan
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Private Hayat Hospital, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - L Keskin
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig Training and Research Hospital, Dept. of Endocrinology, Elazig, Turkey
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Flores-Rebollar A, Pérez-Díaz I, Vega-Vega O, Rivera-Moscoso R, Fagundo-Sierra R, Carbajal-Morelos SL, Osorio-Landa HK, López-Carrasco MG, Lira-Reyes AR, Correa-Rotter R. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in healthy adults according to the estimated iodine intake in 24-hour urine samples: The SALMEX cohort. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:399-409. [PMID: 32363445 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in a cohort of healthy individuals in Mexico City, as well as to investigate the potential associations of these results with their estimated iodine intake (EII) as reflected by their 24-hour urinary iodine excretion (24-h UIE). METHODS From the SALMEX cohort, 683 adults provided an appropriate 24-h urine sample. Thyroid function tests and thyroid antibody concentrations were determined in the participants' sera. We analyzed discrepancies between the commonly used urinary parameters to determine the iodine intake status and the performance of thyroglobulin (Tg) as a biomarker of its status in the adult population. RESULTS The prevalence of dysthyroidism was high, being similar to other studies. Subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in 5.0% of individuals, clinical hypothyroidism in 1.8% of individuals, and sub-clinical hyperthyroidism in 2.8% of individuals. The median EII was 285 μg/d (IQR 215.0-369.0); 94% of individuals had EII >150 µg/d recommended daily allowance (RDA) in adults. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and the UIE had relative biases in their averages of 34.4%. The Tg median was 7.21 ng/mL. The prevalence of increased Tg was 6.15%. There was no correlation between Tg and EII (r= 0.019, p= 0.606). CONCLUSIONS Thyroid dysfunction was highly prevalent in this population. Our cohort revealed a slight discrepancy between dysthyroidism manifestations and iodine intake markers; the latter represent a population with adequate iodine intake. Further studies are necessary to clearly define the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction as well as the iodine nutritional status in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Flores-Rebollar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan. CP. 14000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Pérez-Díaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan. CP. 14000, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Olynka Vega-Vega
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl Rivera-Moscoso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan. CP. 14000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Reynerio Fagundo-Sierra
- Central Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio L Carbajal-Morelos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan. CP. 14000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hillary K Osorio-Landa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan. CP. 14000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María G López-Carrasco
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana R Lira-Reyes
- Central Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Correa-Rotter
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ruggeri RM, D'Ascola A, Vicchio TM, Campo S, Gianì F, Giovinazzo S, Frasca F, Cannavò S, Campennì A, Trimarchi F. Selenium exerts protective effects against oxidative stress and cell damage in human thyrocytes and fibroblasts. Endocrine 2020; 68:151-162. [PMID: 31889242 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selenium, incorporated into specific seleno-enzymes, is essential to proper thyroid function and protect cells from oxidative damage induced by H2O2 during thyroid hormone synthesis. Several studies indicated that low selenium levels are associated with thyroid autoimmunity and related disorders, but real effectiveness of selenium supplementation in such diseases is still controversial. We evaluated the effect of selenium on oxidative damage in human thyrocytes and thyroid fibroblasts in vitro. METHODS To induce oxidative stress, primary cultures were exposed to H2O2, in the presence or the absence of selenium, as either selenomethionine or selenite. We performed the following assays: cell viability, caspase-3 activity, BCL-2/BAX gene expression, DNA fragmentation, malondialdehyde levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity measurements. RESULTS Thyrocytes and thyroid fibroblasts exposed to H2O2 and preincubated with both selenocompounds displayed a significant dose-dependent increase in cell viability compared to cells incubated with H2O2 alone. Pretreatment with selenomethionine and selenite significantly reduced caspase-3 activity and BAX mRNA levels and increased BCL-2 mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. Accordingly, H2O2 induced a diffuse pattern of DNA degradation and an increase in malondialdehyde levels, which was prevented by the pretreatment with both selenomethionine and selenite. Both selenocompounds induced an increase in GPx activity, suggesting that these protective effects may be, almost in part, mediated by these selenoproteins. CONCLUSION In human thyrocytes and fibroblasts in vitro, selenium exerts protective effects against H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner, being selenite effective at lower doses than selenomethionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria M Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa M Vicchio
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Gianì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Frasca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cannavò
- Endocrine Unit, University Hospital AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
- Department of Human Pathology DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alfredo Campennì
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morfo-Functional Images, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Baranowska-Bik A, Bik W. The Association of Obesity with Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Thyroid Function-Possible Mechanisms of Bilateral Interaction. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:8894792. [PMID: 33381173 PMCID: PMC7755496 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8894792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of patients suffer from autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disease. There has simultaneously been a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide. It is still an open question whether adiposity can directly influence activation of inflammatory processes affecting the thyroid in genetically predisposed individuals. Adipokines, biologically active substances derived from the adipocytes, belong to a heterogenic group of compounds involved in numerous physiological functions, including the maintenance of metabolism, hormonal balance, and immune response. Notably, the presence of obesity worsens the course of selected autoimmune diseases and impairs response to treatment. Moreover, the excess of body fat may result in the progression of autoimmune diseases. Nutritional status, body weight, and energy expenditure may influence thyroid hormone secretion. Interestingly, thyroid hormones might influence the activity of adipose tissue as metabolic alterations related to fat tissue are observed under pathological conditions in which there are deficits or overproduction of thyroid hormones. Functioning TSH receptors are expressed on adipocytes. Thermogenesis may presumably be stimulated by TSH binding to its receptor on brown adipocytes. There could be a bilateral interaction between the thyroid and adipose. Obesity may influence the onset and course of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Baranowska-Bik
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Ceglowska 80, Warsaw 01-809, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bik
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, Warsaw 01-813, Poland
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Benvenga S, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Sturniolo MM, Ferrari SM, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Endocrine disruptors and thyroid autoimmunity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 34:101377. [PMID: 32081544 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many papers evaluated the effect of the environmental, or occupational endocrine disruptors (ED), on the thyroid gland, that can lead to thyroid autoimmunity. A higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) was observed in people living in polluted areas near to petrochemical plants, and in petrochemical workers, but also in area contaminated with organochlorine pesticides, or with polychlorinated biphenyls, or near aluminum foundries. The exposure to Hg in chloralkali workers, or in swordfish consumers has been also found to increase AITD prevalence. Vanadium has been shown to increase the inflammatory response of thyrocytes. A beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acids, and of myo-inositol and selenomethionine have been shown to counteract the appearance of AITD in subjects exposed to environmental or occupational ED. More large studies are needed to investigate the potential roles of ED in the induction of AITD, and of agents or habits that are able to prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy.
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Liu S, An Y, Cao B, Sun R, Ke J, Zhao D. The Composition of Gut Microbiota in Patients Bearing Hashimoto's Thyroiditis with Euthyroidism and Hypothyroidism. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:5036959. [PMID: 33224194 PMCID: PMC7673947 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5036959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), a type of autoimmune disease, occurs due to genetic predisposition and environmental factors. It is well known that thyroid function may affect the gut microbiota. However, the composition of gut microbiota in HT patients with different thyroid function status has been less highlighted. Therefore, we focused on the alterations in the composition of gut microbiota in HT patients with euthyroidism and hypothyroidism. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study, including 45 HT patients with euthyroidism, 18 HT patients with hypothyroidism, and 34 healthy controls. Fecal samples were collected, and microbiota was examined by using 16S RNA ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Then, we analyzed the possible pathways in relation to the enriched bacteria by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe). RESULTS Compared with the controls, bacterial richness and diversity were significantly lower in patients with HT, especially in hypothyroidism. Moreover, Lachnospiraceae_incertae_sedis, Lactonifactor, Alistipes, and Subdoligranulum were more enriched in HT patients with euthyroidism, while Phascolarctobacterium was more abundant in those with hypothyroidism. Further analysis suggested that Phascolarctobacterium was negatively related to several pathways, including environmental information processing and metabolism. CONCLUSION In summary, our study demonstrated the altered composition of gut microbiota in HT patients with different thyroid function status. Moreover, Phascolarctobacterium may be involved in the development of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simo Liu
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Yaxin An
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Rongxin Sun
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Jing Ke
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing 101149, China
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Zaccarelli-Marino MA, Alessi R, Balderi TZ, Martins MAG. Association between the Occurrence of Primary Hypothyroidism and the Exposure of the Population Near to Industrial Pollutants in São Paulo State, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183464. [PMID: 31540358 PMCID: PMC6765954 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Environmental agents interfere with thyroid function at multiple levels. This study was to investigate the association between pollutant concentrations and the primary hypothyroidism (PH) occurrence odds in residents living in the Capuava Petrochemical Complex (CPC) influence area. Methods: This area was evaluated with the combination of the AERMOD dispersion model with the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) meteorological model (2016). The concentration of atmospheric pollutants were analyzed in 2017 using meteorological data on the period from 2005 to 2009, correlating this data with the research done in 2003 to 2005. A home-based questionnaire was applied to evaluate 2004 residents, of both sexes, aged from 8 to 72 years, based on their proximity to the industrial areas; were select residents with PH. Results: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations presented the highest correlations between the PH odds and pollutant concentrations. Conclusion: Air pollution associated with the presence of the CPC is an important environmental factor contributing to the development of PH in the nearby population. As the first study showing this association in Brazil, research should be continued to better understand the mechanisms and to find ways to compensate for or remedy to avoid health impacts in future populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudá Alessi
- Internal Medicine Department, ABC Medical School Foundation, Santo André, SP 09060-870, Brazil.
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Requena M, López-Villén A, Hernández AF, Parrón T, Navarro Á, Alarcón R. Environmental exposure to pesticides and risk of thyroid diseases. Toxicol Lett 2019; 315:55-63. [PMID: 31445060 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides has been associated with thyroid dysfunction, particularly changes in circulating thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). This study assessed the association between environmental exposure to pesticides and the risk of developing thyroid diseases. A population-based case-control study was carried out among Spanish populations living in areas categorized as of high or low pesticide use according to agronomic criteria, which were used as surrogates for environmental exposure to pesticides. The study population consisted of 79.431 individuals diagnosed with goiter, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, and thyroiditis (according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) and 1.484.257 controls matched for age, sex and area of residence. Data were collected from computerized hospital records for the period 1998 to 2015. Prevalence rates and risk of having thyroid diseases were significantly higher in areas with higher pesticide use, with a 49% greater risk for hypothyroidism, 45% for thyrotoxicosis, 20% for thyroiditis and 5% for goiter. Overall, this study indicates an association between increased environmental exposure to pesticides as a result of a greater agricultural use and diseases of the thyroid gland, thus supporting and extending previous evidence. This study also provides support to the methodology proposed for real-life risk simulation, thus contributing to a better understanding of the real life threat posed by exposure to multiple pesticides from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Requena
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | | | - Antonio F Hernández
- Dept. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain.
| | - Tesifón Parrón
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain; Andalusian Council of Health at Almería Province, Almería, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Alarcón
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
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Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) attenuates inflammatory injury and apoptosis in iodine-induced NOD.H-2 h4 mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:333-342. [PMID: 31129420 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) is a vitamin K-dependent protein that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the expression of Gas6 and its effects on autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). METHOD A total of 24 male NOD.H-2h4 mice were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) a control group supplied with regular water; (2) a sodium iodide (NaI) group supplied with 0.005% sodium iodide water; and (3) a group treated with recombinant mouse Gas6 (rmGas6) after iodine supplementation (NaI + Gas6 group). The severity of lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid was measured through histopathology. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-1β, as well as anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) titers were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the expression of Gas6, Caspase 3, TAM receptors (Axl and MerTK), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and I-kappa-B α (IκB-α) were measured by Western blotting. Finally, the proportions of T cells were determined in the splenocytes of NOD.H-2h4 mice by flow cytometry. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression of Gas6 was significantly lower in the NaI group compared to the control group. Serum levels of TgAb, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were also significantly higher in the NaI group but were dramatically reduced after rmGas6 injection. The prevalence of thyroiditis and the infiltration of lymphocytes were significantly lower in the NaI + Gas6 group compared to the NaI group. The protein expression of cleaved-Caspase 3, phosphorylation of MerTK, and NF-κB and IκB-α in the thyroid gland were significantly reduced after rmGas6 administration. The proportion of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells in splenocytes were also significantly reduced after rmGas6 treatment, whereas there was a dramatic increase in the proportion of Treg cells. CONCLUSION Gas6 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in a mouse model of AIT and may therefore be a potential therapeutic target.
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Giassa Τ, Mamali I, Gaki Ε, Kaltsas G, Kouraklis G, Markou ΚΒ, Karatzas T. Iodine intake and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: a comparative study between coastal and mainland regions in Greece. Hormones (Athens) 2018; 17:565-571. [PMID: 30267376 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between iodine intake and autoimmune thyroiditis in Chios, an island located in the North East Aegean Sea, in comparison to mainland regions in South Western Greece (SWG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Urine iodine concentration (UIC), thyroid function (serum TSH, thyroid autoantibodies: anti-TPO and anti-Tg), and thyroid U/S were assessed in 200 subjects (150 females and 50 males) from Chios and 322 subjects (255 females and 67 males) from several mainland regions in SWG. All participants were recruited from outpatient clinics and were diagnosed as euthyroid. RESULTS Median UIC in Chios was significantly higher compared to SWG (136.1 vs. 104.5 μg/L, p < 0.001), indicating that both regions are iodine sufficient according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity was 66.5% in Chios and 27% in SWG, significantly higher in females (46.7%) than in males (26.5%). Furthermore, individuals with increased levels of thyroid autoantibodies either anti-TPO or anti-Tg (TAbs) showed increased median UIC levels compared to those / subjects / patients with normal levels (126.7 vs. 108.95 μg/L, p < 0.001). Serum TSH mean values (mIU/L) were greater in females (mean = 2.1 ± 1.41) compared to males (mean = 1.82 ± 1.26) (p = 0.04) and decreased with age. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in the present study, we clearly indicate that increased thyroid autoimmunity is positively associated with increased iodine intake, as well as with the female gender. Moreover, iodine intake and thyroid autoimmunity appear to be significantly higher in a coastal region (Chios) than in mainland Greece (SWG). Additional environmental factors, apart from iodine, should be investigated in future studies. Mean TSH values were increased in females and decreased with age. The latter is probably due to the presence of autonomous goiter in older Greek populations, as a result of long-term status of iodine deficiency in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Τ Giassa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, 26500, Rion, Greece
| | - I Mamali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, 26500, Rion, Greece
| | - Ε Gaki
- Department of Business Administration, University of the Aegean, Lesbos, Greece
| | - G Kaltsas
- Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Kouraklis
- Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Κ Β Markou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, 26500, Rion, Greece.
| | - T Karatzas
- Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease, with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease. Proc Nutr Soc 2018; 78:34-44. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665118001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD) are examples of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), the commonest autoimmune condition. Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the enzyme that catalyses thyroid-hormone production and antibodies to the receptor for the thyroid-stimulating hormone, are characteristic of HT and GD, respectively. It is presently accepted that genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, including nutritional factors and immune disorders contribute to the development of AITD. Aiming to investigate the effect of iodine, iron and selenium in the risk, pathogenesis and treatment of thyroid disease, PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant publications to provide a narrative review.Iodine: chronic exposure to excess iodine intake induces autoimmune thyroiditis, partly because highly-iodinated thyroglobulin (Tg) is more immunogenic. The recent introduction of universal salt iodisation can have a similar, although transient, effect.Iron: iron deficiency impairs thyroid metabolism. TPO is a haem enzyme that becomes active only after binding haem. AITD patients are frequently iron-deficient since autoimmune gastritis, which reduces iron absorption and coeliac disease which causes iron loss, are frequent co-morbidities. In two-thirds of women with persistent symptoms of hypothyroidism despite appropriate levothyroxine therapy, restoration of serum ferritin above 100 µg/l ameliorated symptoms.Selenium: selenoproteins are essential to thyroid action. In particular, the glutathione peroxidases remove excessive hydrogen peroxide produced there for the iodination of Tg to form thyroid hormones. There is evidence from observational studies and randomised controlled trials that selenium, probably as selenoproteins, can reduce TPO-antibody concentration, hypothyroidism and postpartum thyroiditis. Appropriate status of iodine, iron and selenium is crucial to thyroid health.
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Simon M, Rigou A, Le Moal J, Zeghnoun A, Le Tertre A, De Crouy-Chanel P, Kaguelidou F, Leger J. Epidemiology of Childhood Hyperthyroidism in France: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2980-2987. [PMID: 29846622 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hyperthyroidism affects all age groups, but epidemiological data for children are scarce. OBJECTIVE To perform a nationwide epidemiological survey of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents. DESIGN A cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING Identification of entries corresponding to reimbursements for antithyroid drugs in the French national insurance database. PARTICIPANTS All cases of childhood hyperthyroidism (6 months to 17 years of age) in 2015. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES National incidence rate estimated with a nonlinear Poisson model and spatial distribution of cases. RESULTS A total of 670 cases of childhood hyperthyroidism were identified. Twenty patients (3%) had associated autoimmune or genetic disease, with type 1 diabetes and Down syndrome the most frequent. The annual incidence for 2015 was 4.58/100,000 person-years (95% CI 3.00 to 6.99/100,000). Incidence increased with age, in both sexes. This increase accelerated after the age of 8 in girls and 10 in boys and was stronger in girls. About 10% of patients were affected before the age of 5 years (sex ratio 1.43). There was an interaction between age and sex, the effect of being female increasing with age: girls were 3.2 times more likely to be affected than boys in the 10 to 14 years age group and 5.7 times more likely to be affected in the 15 to 17 years age group. No conclusions about spatial pattern emerged. CONCLUSION These findings shed light on the incidence of hyperthyroidism and the impact of sex on this incidence during childhood and adolescence. The observed incidence was higher than expected from the results published for earlier studies in Northern European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Simon
- Santé publique France, Environmental Health Direction, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Annabel Rigou
- Santé publique France, Environmental Health Direction, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Joëlle Le Moal
- Santé publique France, Environmental Health Direction, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Abdelkrim Zeghnoun
- Santé publique France, Environmental Health Direction, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Alain Le Tertre
- Santé publique France, Environmental Health Direction, Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Florentia Kaguelidou
- Department of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Clinical Investigations Center, INSERM CIC 1426, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-1123 ECEVE, Paris, France
| | - Juliane Leger
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Reference Centre for Endocrine Growth and Development Diseases, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMR 1141, DHU Protect, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Paris, France
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McLachlan SM, Aliesky HA, Garcia P, Banuelos B, Rapoport B. Thyroid Hemiagenesis in a Thyroiditis Prone Mouse Strain. Eur Thyroid J 2018; 7:187-192. [PMID: 30283736 PMCID: PMC6140602 DOI: 10.1159/000490700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hemiagenesis, a rare congenital condition detected by ultrasound screening of the neck, is usually not manifested clinically in humans. This condition has been reported in mice with hypothyroidism associated with induced deficiency in paired box 8 and NK2 homeobox 1, sonic hedgehog, or T-box 1. Unexpectedly, we observed thyroid hemiagenesis in NOD.H2h4 mice, an unusual strain that spontaneously develops iodide enhanced thyroid autoimmunity but remains euthyroid. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS First, to compare mice with thyroid hemiagenesis versus bilobed littermates for serum T4, autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (ELISA) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO; flow cytometry with eukaryotic cells expressing mouse TPO), gross anatomy, and thyroid histology; second, to estimate the percentage of mice with thyroid hemiagenesis in the NOD.H2h4 mice we have studied over 6 years. RESULTS Thyroid hemiagenesis was observed in 3 of 1,025 NOD.H2h4 mice (2 females, 1 male; 0.3$). Two instances of hemiagenesis were in wild-type females and one in a transgenic male expressing the human TSHR A-subunit in the thyroid. Two mice had very large unilobed glands, as in some human cases with this condition. Thyroid lymphocytic infiltration, serum T4, and the levels of thyroid autoantibodies were similar in mice with thyroid hemiagenesis and bilobed littermates. CONCLUSIONS Unlike hypothyroidism associated with hemiagenesis in transcription factor knockout mice, hemiagenesis in euthyroid NOD.H2h4 mice occurs spontaneously and is phenotypically similar to that occasionally observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- *Sandra M. McLachlan, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, B-131, Los Angeles, CA 90048 (USA), E-Mail
| | - Holly A. Aliesky
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Priscilla Garcia
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bianca Banuelos
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Basil Rapoport
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Li H, Min J, Mao X, Wang X, Yang Y, Chen Y. Edaravone ameliorates experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in rats through HO-1-dependent STAT3/PI3K/Akt pathway. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2037-2046. [PMID: 30093941 PMCID: PMC6079139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroiditis is among the most prevalent of all the autoimmunities in population. It is characterized as both cellular immune responses with T, B cells infiltrating to the thyroid gland followed by hypothyroidism as a result of destruction of the thyroid follicles and fibrous replacement of the parenchymal tissue, as well as immune response for TPO and Tg-antibody production. Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) has been proven to be an ideal model to study autoimmune thyroiditis. In the present study, we induced an EAT model in rats and examined the effect of edaravone, a hydroxyl radical scavenging agent, on EAT severity and explored the mechanism. The results showed that edaravone reduced the severity score of thyroiditis dose-dependently and the levels of serum TPOAb, TgAb, T3 and T4. Edaravone significantly decreased the mRNA level of IL-17, but increased the mRNA level of IL-10, IL-4, TNF-α and IFN-γ. EAT model significantly induced oxidative stress, which was inhibited by the treatment of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg of edaravone. The EAT model significantly increased the Akt and STAT3 phosphorylation, but when rats were treated with 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg edaravone, they were significantly inhibited. The HO-1 expression was greatly increased by 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg edaravone. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002, Akt inhibitor triciribine or STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 all significantly decreased the severity score of thyroiditis in the EAT model group, while the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP-IX increased the severity score of thyroiditis. These results confirm the invlovment of ROS and HO-1-dependent STAT3/PI3K/Akt pathway in the process of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and suggest the potential usage of edaravone in the therapy of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Long Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Min
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoming Mao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
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Peng S, Sun X, Wang X, Wang H, Shan Z, Teng W, Li C. Myeloid related proteins are up-regulated in autoimmune thyroid diseases and activate toll-like receptor 4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:217-226. [PMID: 29656212 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myeloid-related protein (MRP) family plays an important role in the promotion of cell proliferation and the production of inflammatory cytokines. We investigated the expression of MRP6, MRP8 and MRP14 in thyroid tissues, serum, and peripheral blood monocular cells (PBMCs) in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). METHOD The expression of MRP6, MRP8, and MRP14 was investigated using immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the thyroid glands of 7 patients with Graves' disease (GD), 8 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and 7 healthy controls (HC). The serum levels of MRP8/MRP14 complex and MRP6 were investigated in 30 patients with GD, 36 with HT, and 30 with HC. The mRNA expression of MRP proteins in PBMCs was also explored. PBMCs from each group were incubated with MPRs and their effect on Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) expression and their effect on the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in supernatant were analyzed upon incubating with TLR4 and signaling pathways inhibitors. RESULTS Serum levels of MRP8/MRP14 and MRP6 were up-regulated in patients with AITD. In addition, mRNA expression of MRP proteins in PBMCs and the thyroid gland was markedly elevated in AITD patients. MRP6 and MPR8 promoted the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in cultured PBMCs, and this elevation was more pronounced in AITD patients; we also found that this up-regulation was regulated by TLR4/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The expression of MRP proteins was elevated in AITD patients. Therefore, an MRP-TLR4 dependent signaling may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Xuren Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
| | - Chenyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
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Petta I, Fraussen J, Somers V, Kleinewietfeld M. Interrelation of Diet, Gut Microbiome, and Autoantibody Production. Front Immunol 2018; 9:439. [PMID: 29559977 PMCID: PMC5845559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells possess a predominant role in adaptive immune responses via antibody-dependent and -independent functions. The microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract is currently being intensively investigated due to its profound impact on various immune responses, including B cell maturation, activation, and IgA antibody responses. Recent findings have demonstrated the interplay between dietary components, gut microbiome, and autoantibody production. "Western" dietary patterns, such as high fat and high salt diets, can induce alterations in the gut microbiome that in turn affects IgA responses and the production of autoantibodies. This could contribute to multiple pathologies including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the influence of various dietary components on B cell function and (auto)antibody production in relation to the gut microbiota, with a particular focus on the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Petta
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, and School of Life Sciences, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Judith Fraussen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, and School of Life Sciences, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Veerle Somers
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, and School of Life Sciences, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, and School of Life Sciences, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt, Belgium
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Zhao F, Feng J, Li J, Zhao L, Liu Y, Chen H, Jin Y, Zhu B, Wei Y. Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Patients. Thyroid 2018; 28:175-186. [PMID: 29320965 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease in which both genetic predisposition and environmental factors serve as disease triggers. Many studies have indicated that alterations in the gut microbiota are important environmental factors in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A comparative analysis was systematically performed of the gut microbiota in HT patients and healthy controls. METHODS First, a cross-sectional study of 28 HT patients and 16 matched healthy controls was conducted. Fecal samples were collected, and microbiota were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Second, an independent cohort of 22 HT patients and 11 healthy controls was used to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the selected biomarkers. RESULTS Similar levels of bacterial richness and diversity were found in the gut microbiota of HT patients and healthy controls (p = 0.11). A detailed fecal microbiota Mann-Whitney U-test (Q value <0.05) revealed that the abundance levels of Blautia, Roseburia, Ruminococcus_torques_group, Romboutsia, Dorea, Fusicatenibacter, and Eubacterium_hallii_group genera were increased in HT patients, whereas the abundance levels of Fecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Prevotella_9, and Lachnoclostridium genera were decreased. A correlation matrix based on the Spearman correlation distance confirmed correlations among seven clinical parameters. Additionally, the linear discriminant analysis effect size method showed significant differences in 27 genera between the two groups that were strongly correlated with clinical parameters. The linear discriminant analysis value was used to select the first 10 species from the 27 different genera as biomarkers, achieving area under the curve values of 0.91 and 0.88 for exploration and validation data, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of the gut microbiota in HT patients confirmed that HT patients have altered gut microbiota and that gut microbiota are correlated with clinical parameters, suggesting that microbiome composition data could be used for disease diagnosis. Further investigation is required to understand better the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuya Zhao
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huinan Chen
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Biqiang Zhu
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Oral exposure to dibutyl phthalate exacerbates chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis through oxidative stress in female Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15469. [PMID: 29133889 PMCID: PMC5684247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) is a common autoimmune disorder. The possible pathogenic role and mechanism of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in CLT is still controversial. Experiments were conducted after 35-days of oral exposure to the three concentrations of DBP or saline, and three immunizations with thyroglobulin (TG). Healthy female Wistar rats were randomly divided into ten exposure groups (n = 8 each): (A) saline control, (B) 0.5 mg/kg/d DBP, (C) 5 mg/kg/d DBP, (D) 50 mg/kg/d DBP, (E) TG-immunized group, (F) TG- combined with 0.5 mg/kg/d DBP, (G) TG- combined with 5 mg/kg/d DBP, (H) TG- combined with 50 mg/kg/d DBP, (I) TG- combined with 50 mg/kg/d DBP plus 100 mg/kg/d vitamin C; (J) 100 mg/kg/d vitamin C. We showed that oral exposure DBP can aggravate CLT in rats. This deterioration was concomitant with increased thyroid auto antibodies, Th1/Th2 imbalance and Th17 immune response, activated pro-inflammatory and apoptosis pathways, and increased thyroid dysfunction in rats. Our results also suggested that DBP could promote oxidative damage. The study also found that vitamin C reduced the levels of oxidative stress and alleviated CLT. In short, the study showed that DBP exacerbated CLT through oxidative stress.
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Ross GR, Fabersani E, Russo M, Gómez A, Japaze H, González SN, Gauffin Cano P. Effect of Excess Iodide Intake on Salivary Glands in a Swiss Albino Mice Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6302869. [PMID: 29250546 PMCID: PMC5698784 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6302869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is an important micronutrient required for nutrition. Excess iodine has adverse effects on thyroid, but there is not enough information regarding its effect on salivary glands. In addition to food and iodized salt, skin disinfectants and maternal nutritional supplements contain iodide, so its intake could be excessive during pregnancy, lactation, and infancy. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of excess iodide ingestion on salivary glands during mating, gestation, lactation, and postweaning period in mouse. During assay, mice were allocated into groups: control and treatment groups (received distilled water with NaI 1 mg/mL). Water intake, glandular weight, and histology were analyzed. Treatment groups showed an increase in glandular weight and a significantly (p < 0.05) higher water intake than control groups. Lymphocyte infiltration was observed in animals of treatment groups, while there was no infiltration in glandular sections of control groups. Results demonstrated that a negative relationship could exist between iodide excess and salivary glands. This work is novel evidence that high levels of iodide intake could induce mononuclear infiltration in salivary glands. These results should be considered, especially in pregnant/lactating women, to whom a higher iodine intake is usually recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Romina Ross
- Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino (UNSTA), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Fabersani
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Matías Russo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Alba Gómez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Hugo Japaze
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia Nelina González
- Instituto de Biotecnología Farmacéutica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Paola Gauffin Cano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino (UNSTA), Tucumán, Argentina
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
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Li C, Peng S, Liu X, Han C, Wang X, Jin T, Liu S, Wang W, Xie X, He X, Zhang H, Shan L, Fan C, Shan Z, Teng W. Glycyrrhizin, a Direct HMGB1 Antagonist, Ameliorates Inflammatory Infiltration in a Model of Autoimmune Thyroiditis via Inhibition of TLR2-HMGB1 Signaling. Thyroid 2017; 27:722-731. [PMID: 28363255 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a non-histone protein, plays an important role in autoimmune diseases. However, the significance of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to explore whether HMGB1 participates in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis, and whether glycyrrhizin (GL), a direct inhibitor of HMGB1, attenuates the severity of thyroid inflammatory infiltration in a murine model of autoimmune thyroiditis. METHODS A total of 80 male NOD.H-2h4 mice were randomly divided into a control or iodine supplement (NaI) group at four weeks of age, and the control group was fed with regular water, whereas the NaI group was supplied with 0.005% sodium iodine water. Another 24 male NOD.H-2h4 mice were also randomized into three groups (eight mice per group) as follows: control, NaI, and GL treatment after iodine supplementation (NaI + GL). The NOD.H-2h4 mice were fed with 0.005% sodium iodide water for eight weeks to enhance autoimmune thyroiditis. After iodine treatment, the mice received intraperitoneal injections of GL for four weeks. The severity of lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid gland was measured by histopathological studies. The serum levels of HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and thyroglobulin antibody titers were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HMGB1 expression was measured by immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction. TLR2, HMGB1, MyD88, and nuclear transcription factor κB were measured by Western blot. RESULTS The mRNA expression of HMGB1 was significantly higher at 8 and 16 weeks in the NaI group than it was in the control group. Serum levels of thyroglobulin antibodies, HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly increased in the NaI group, but they were dramatically attenuated with GL injection. The prevalence of thyroiditis and the infiltration of lymphocytes were significantly decreased in the NaI + GL group. GL administration also significantly reduced the protein expression of TLR2, MyD88, HMGB1 and nuclear transcription factor κB in the thyroid gland and attenuated the severity of thyroiditis. CONCLUSION HMGB1 may play a crucial role in autoimmune thyroiditis by causing inflammatory infiltration, thus increasing the severity of autoimmune thyroiditis. GL effectively attenuated thyroiditis in the iodine-induced NOD.H-2h4 mice via a molecular mechanism related to the inhibition of TLR2-HMGB1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Li
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Han
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Jin
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 4 Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 5 Department of Emergency, People's Liberation Army No.202 Hospital , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Xie
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue He
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Shan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenling Fan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Teng
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Gaberšček S, Zaletel K. Epidemiological trends of iodine-related thyroid disorders: an example from Slovenia. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 67:93-8. [PMID: 27331296 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of thyroid disorders is significantly associated with iodine supply. In 1999, Slovenia increased iodine content in kitchen salt from 10 mg to 25 mg of potassium iodide per kg of salt. According to the WHO criteria, Slovenia shifted from a mildly iodine-deficient country to a country with adequate iodine intake. Ten years after the increase in iodine intake, the incidence of diffuse goitre and thyroid autonomy decreased. Now patients with diffuse goitre and thyroid autonomy reach older age than the patients before the increase in iodine intake. In addition, patients with thyroid autonomy are less frequently hyperthyroid than ten years ago and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism is less severe. The incidence of highly malignant thyroid carcinoma has also dropped. However, the incidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis increased, most probably in genetically predisposed individuals. Over the last ten years, many animal and in vitro studies evaluated the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) on various aspects of the thyroid function. They mostly studied the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins, brominated flame retardants, phthalates, bisphenol A, perfluorinated chemicals, and perchlorate. However, human studies on the effects of EDCs on the thyroid function are very scarce, especially the long-term ones. What they do suggest is that PCBs and dioxins interfere with the transport of thyroid hormones and adversely affect the thyroid function. Many authors agree that iodine deficiency predisposes the thyroid gland to harmful effects of EDCs. Therefore the effects of EDCs in iodine-deficient areas could be more severe than in areas with adequate iodine intake.
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Chen X, Liu S, Tan Q, Shoenfeld Y, Zeng Y. Microbiome, autoimmunity, allergy, and helminth infection: The importance of the pregnancy period. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [PMID: 28224678 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a special physical period in reproductive age women, which has a beneficial influence on the course of certain autoimmune diseases. It has been recently suggested that the microbiome undergoes profound changes during pregnancy that are associated with host physiological and immunological adaptations. The maternal microbiome remodeling during pregnancy is an active response of the mother, possibly to alter immune system status and to facilitate metabolic and immunological adaptations, which are needed for a successful pregnancy. In this review, we attempt to discuss (i) the role of maternal microbiome in pregnancy outcomes known to adversely influence neonatal and infant health, including preterm birth, cardiometabolic complications of pregnancy, and gestational weight gain; (ii) the association of microbiome with autoimmunity, allergy diseases, and asthma during pregnancy; and (iii) the impact of helminth infection during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Su Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Tan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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