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Liong S, Choy KHC, De Luca SN, Liong F, Coward-Smith M, Oseghale O, Miles MA, Vlahos R, Valant C, Nithianantharajah J, Pantelis C, Christopoulos A, Selemidis S. Brain region-specific alterations in gene expression trajectories in the offspring born from influenza A virus infected mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:488-498. [PMID: 38925418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy can increase the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring, however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are largely unknown. To recapitulate viral infection, preclinical studies have traditionally focused on using synthetic viral mimetics, rather than live IAV, to examine consequences of maternal immune activation (MIA)-dependent processes on offspring. In contrast, few studies have used live IAV to assess effects on global gene expression, and none to date have addressed whether moderate IAV, mimicking seasonal influenza disease, alters normal gene expression trajectories in different brain regions across different stages of development. Herein, we show that moderate IAV infection during pregnancy, which causes mild maternal disease and no overt foetal complications in utero, induces lasting effects on the offspring into adulthood. We observed behavioural changes in adult offspring, including disrupted prepulse inhibition, dopaminergic hyper-responsiveness, and spatial recognition memory deficits. Gene profiling in the offspring brain from neonate to adolescence revealed persistent alterations to normal gene expression trajectories in the prefronal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and cerebellum. Alterations were found in genes involved in inflammation and neurogenesis, which were predominately dysregulated in neonatal and early adolescent offspring. Notably, late adolescent offspring born from IAV infected mice displayed altered microglial morphology in the hippocampus. In conclusion, we show that moderate IAV during pregnancy perturbs neurodevelopmental trajectories in the offspring, including alterations in the neuroinflammatory gene expression profile and microglial number and morphology in the hippocampus, resulting in behavioural changes in adult offspring. Such early perturbations may underlie the vulnerability in human offspring for the later development of neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia. Our work highlights the importance of using live IAV in developing novel preclinical models that better recapitulate the real-world impact of inflammatory insults during pregnancy on offspring neurodevelopmental trajectories and disease susceptibility later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Liong
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - K H Christopher Choy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone N De Luca
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Felicia Liong
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Madison Coward-Smith
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Osezua Oseghale
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark A Miles
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Florey Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Christos Pantelis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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Kesarwani V, Bukhari MH, Kahlenberg JM, Wang S. Urinary complement biomarkers in immune-mediated kidney diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357869. [PMID: 38895123 PMCID: PMC11184941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an important part of the innate system, is known to play a central role in many immune mediated kidney diseases. All parts of the complement system including the classical, alternative, and mannose-binding lectin pathways have been implicated in complement-mediated kidney injury. Although complement components are thought to be mainly synthesized in the liver and activated in the circulation, emerging data suggest that complement is synthesized and activated inside the kidney leading to direct injury. Urinary complement biomarkers are likely a better reflection of inflammation within the kidneys as compared to traditional serum complement biomarkers which may be influenced by systemic inflammation. In addition, urinary complement biomarkers have the advantage of being non-invasive and easily accessible. With the rise of therapies targeting the complement pathways, there is a critical need to better understand the role of complement in kidney diseases and to develop reliable and non-invasive biomarkers to assess disease activity, predict treatment response and guide therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on urinary complement biomarkers of kidney diseases due to immune complex deposition (lupus nephritis, primary membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy) and due to activation of the alternative pathway (C3 glomerulopathy, thrombotic microangiography, ANCA-associated vasculitis). We also address the limitations of current research and propose future directions for the discovery of urinary complement biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Kesarwani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Muhammad Hamza Bukhari
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center, Columbia, MD, United States
| | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Columbia, MI, United States
| | - Shudan Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center / Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Fujita Y, Matsumoto H, Inada K, Onizawa M, Saito K, Sumichika Y, Yoshida S, Temmoku J, Matsuoka N, Asano T, Sato S, Machida T, Migita K. C5a stimulation induces caspase-1 activation and mature IL-1β production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Immunol Med 2024; 47:68-75. [PMID: 38099557 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2023.2292665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement component C5a contributes to the recruitment of immune cells to inflamed tissues and local inflammation. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β is also related to inflammatory disorders through inflammasome activation. However, the association between inflammasome activation and C5a is unclear. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with C5a and measured for IL-1β secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pro-IL-1β expression in cell lysates was also examined by Western blot analysis. Similarly, magnetic bead-isolated CD14+ monocyte-depleted and lymphocyte-depleted PBMCs were stimulated with C5a, and immunoblot analysis was performed using an anti-cleaved-IL-1β (p17) antibody. FACS was performed to detect caspase-1-activated cells. C5a-stimulated PBMCs produced IL-1β in C5a concentration-dependent manner. The protein levels of pro-IL-1β in the cell lysates were significantly increased. Furthermore, the cleaved-IL-1β (p17) was faintly detected in the same lysates. Active caspase-1 was demonstrated in C5a-simulated CD14+ monocytes by FACS. Cleaved-IL-1β (p17) was demonstrated in the supernatant of C5a-stimulated PBMCs. Lymphocyte-depleted PBMCs stimulated with C5a but monocyte-depleted PBMCs produced cleaved-IL-1β (p17). C5a induced the production of mature IL-1β in PBMCs. The IL-1β production is mediated mainly by caspase-1 activation in CD14+ monocytes. These results suggest that C5a alone potentiates mature IL-1β production mainly in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Haruki Matsumoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Inada
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Michio Onizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuya Sumichika
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yoshida
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Jumpei Temmoku
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuoka
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Machida
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Khan AM, Steffensen MA, Paskeviciute E, Abduljabar AB, Sørensen TL, Vorum H, Nissen MH, Honoré B. Neuroretinal degeneration in a mouse model of systemic chronic immune activation observed by proteomics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374617. [PMID: 38665911 PMCID: PMC11043527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Blindness or vision loss due to neuroretinal and photoreceptor degeneration affects millions of individuals worldwide. In numerous neurodegenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, dysregulated immune response-mediated retinal degeneration has been found to play a critical role in the disease pathogenesis. To better understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the retinal degeneration, we used a mouse model of systemic immune activation where we infected mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13. Here, we evaluated the effects of LCMV infection and present a comprehensive discovery-based proteomic investigation using tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Changes in protein regulation in the posterior part of the eye, neuroretina, and RPE/choroid were compared to those in the spleen as a secondary lymphoid organ and to the kidney as a non-lymphoid but encapsulated organ at 1, 8, and 28 weeks of infection. Using bioinformatic tools, we found several proteins responsible for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis to be differentially regulated in the neuroretina and the RPE/choroid during the degenerative process. Additionally, in the organs we observed, several important protein pathways contributing to cellular homeostasis and tissue development were perturbed and associated with LCMV-mediated inflammation, promoting disease progression. Our findings suggest that the response to a systemic chronic infection differs between the neuroretina and the RPE/choroid, and the processes induced by chronic systemic infection in the RPE/choroid are not unlike those induced in non-immune-privileged organs such as the kidney and spleen. Overall, our data provide detailed insight into several molecular mechanisms of neuroretinal degeneration and highlight various novel protein pathways that further suggest that the posterior part of the eye is not an isolated immunological entity despite the existence of neuroretinal immune privilege.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Egle Paskeviciute
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mogens Holst Nissen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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5
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Chan EYH, Lai FFY, Ma ALT, Chan TM. Managing Lupus Nephritis in Children and Adolescents. Paediatr Drugs 2024; 26:145-161. [PMID: 38117412 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-023-00609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is an important manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, which leads to chronic kidney disease, kidney failure, and can result in mortality. About 35%-60% of children with systemic lupus erythematosus develop kidney involvement. Over the past few decades, the outcome of patients with lupus nephritis has improved significantly with advances in immunosuppressive therapies and clinical management. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of high-level evidence to guide the management of childhood-onset lupus nephritis, because of the relatively small number of patients at each centre and also because children and adolescents are often excluded from clinical trials. Children and adults differ in more ways than just size, and there are remarkable differences between childhood- and adult-onset lupus nephritis in terms of disease severity, treatment efficacy, tolerance to medications and most importantly, psychosocial perspective. In this article, we review the 'art and science' of managing childhood-onset lupus nephritis, which has evolved in recent years, and highlight special considerations in this specific patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Yu-Hin Chan
- Paediatric Nephrology Centre, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
| | - Fiona Fung-Yee Lai
- Paediatric Nephrology Centre, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alison Lap-Tak Ma
- Paediatric Nephrology Centre, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Paediatric Nephrology Centre, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, School of Clinical Medicine, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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6
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Jia X, Lu Y, Zheng X, Tang R, Chen W. Targeted therapies for lupus nephritis: Current perspectives and future directions. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:34-43. [PMID: 38057972 PMCID: PMC10766263 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lupus nephritis (LN), a severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, poses a substantial risk of progression to end-stage renal disease, with increased mortality. Conventional therapy for LN relies on broad-spectrum immunosuppressants such as glucocorticoids, mycophenolate mofetil, and calcineurin inhibitors. Although therapeutic regimens have evolved over the years, they have inherent limitations, including non-specific targeting, substantial adverse effects, high relapse rates, and prolonged maintenance and remission courses. These drawbacks underscore the need for targeted therapeutic strategies for LN. Recent advancements in our understanding of LN pathogenesis have led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and the emergence of biological agents and small-molecule inhibitors with improved specificity and reduced toxicity. This review provides an overview of the current evidence on targeted therapies for LN, elucidates the biological mechanisms of responses and failure, highlights the challenges ahead, and outlines strategies for subsequent clinical trials and integrated immunomodulatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Jia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yuewen Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ruihan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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7
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Terhaar HM, Henriksen MDL, Mehaffy C, Hess A, McMullen RJ. The use of shotgun label-free quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry to evaluate the inflammatory response in aqueous humor from horses with uveitis compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:40-52. [PMID: 37144658 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to use shotgun label-free tandem mass spectrometry (LF-MS/MS) to evaluate aqueous humor (AH) from horses with uveitis (UH) compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses (HH). ANIMALS STUDIED Twelve horses diagnosed with uveitis based on ophthalmic examination and six ophthalmologically healthy horses (postmortem) purchased for teaching purposes. PROCEDURES All horses received a complete ophthalmic examination and physical exam. Aqueous paracentesis was performed on all horses and AH total protein concentrations were measured with nanodrop (TPn) and refractometry (TPr). AH samples were analyzed with shotgun LF-MS/MS and proteomic data were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS A total of 147 proteins were detected, 11 proteins had higher abundance in UH, and 38 proteins had lower abundance in UH. Proteins with higher abundance included apolipoprotein E, alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, prothrombin, fibrinogen, complement component 4 (C4), joining chain for IgA and IgM, afamin, and amine oxidase. There were positive correlations between TPn (p = .003) and TPr (p = .0001) compared to flare scores. CONCLUSION Differential abundance of A2M, prothrombin, fibrinogen, and C4 indicate upregulation of the complement and coagulation cascade in equine uveitis. Proinflammatory cytokines and the complement cascade have potential as therapeutic targets for equine uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Terhaar
- Comparative Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michala de Linde Henriksen
- Comparative Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Carolina Mehaffy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ann Hess
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard J McMullen
- Equine Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, JT Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Hong Z, Zhou LS, Zhao ZZ, Yuan GQ, Wang XJ, Lu Y, Chen DF. Structural Characterization and Anticomplement Activity of an Acidic Heteropolysaccharide from Lysimachia christinae Hance. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1457-1467. [PMID: 37541436 DOI: 10.1055/a-2148-7163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel acidic heteropolysaccharide (LCP-90-1) was isolated and purified from a traditional "heat-clearing" Chinese medicine, Lysimachia christinae Hance. LCP-90-1 (Mw, 20.65 kDa) was composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, Glc, Gal, and Ara, with relative molar ratios of 1.00: 3.00: 11.62: 1.31: 1.64: 5.24. The backbone consisted of 1,4-α-D-GlcpA, 1,4-α-D-Glcp, 1,4-β-L-Rhap, and 1,3,5-α-L-Araf, with three branches of β-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-β-L-Rhap-(1→, α-L-Araf-(1→ and α-D-Manp-(1→ attached to the C-5 position of 1,3,5-α-L-Araf. LCP-90-1 exhibited potent anticomplement activity (CH50: 135.01 ± 0.68 µg/mL) in vitro, which was significantly enhanced with increased glucuronic acid (GlcA) content in its degradation production (LCP-90-1-A, CH50: 28.26 ± 0.39 µg/mL). However, both LCP-90-1 and LCP90-1-A were inactivated after reduction or complete acid hydrolysis. These observations indicated the important role of GlcA in LCP-90-1 and associated derivatives with respect to anticomplement activity. Similarly, compared with LCP-90-1, the antioxidant activity of LCP-90-1-A was also enhanced. Thus, polysaccharides with a high content of GlcA might be important and effective substances of L. christinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Shuang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Zhi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qi Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dao-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Yang SY, Guo LF, Liu Y, Zou JB, Zhu HY, Lu Y, Chen DF. Trichosanates A-G and cucurbitacins W-Y, anticomplement monoterpenoids and cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the pericarps of Trichosanthes kirilowii. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106710. [PMID: 37418785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The pericarps of Trichosanthes kirilowii are often used to treat cough in traditional Chinese medicine, and its ethanol extract exhibited effective therapeutic effects on acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo caused by H1N1. An anticomplement activity-guided fractionation on the extract resulted in the isolation of ten new terpenoids, including seven monoterpenoids, trichosanates A-G (1-7), and three cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, cucurbitacins W-Y (8-10), as well as eleven known terpenoids (11-21). The new terpenoids' structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, X-ray crystallographic analysis (1), electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis and calculations (2-10). Twelve monoterpenoids (1-7 and 11-15) and five cucurbitane-type triterpenoids (8-10, 18, and 20) exhibited anticomplement activity in vitro. For the monoterpenoids, the long aliphatic chain substituents might enhance their anticomplement activity. Additionally, two representative anticomplement terpenoids, 8 and 11, obviously attenuated H1N1-induced ALI in vivo by inhibiting complement overactivation and reducing inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Yuan Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Feng Guo
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Bin Zou
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dao-Feng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Xu L, Xu H, Chen S, Jiang W, Afridi SK, Wang Y, Ren X, Zhao Y, Lai S, Qiu X, Alvin Huang YW, Cui Y, Yang H, Qiu W, Tang C. Inhibition of complement C3 signaling ameliorates locomotor and visual dysfunction in autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2715-2733. [PMID: 37481702 PMCID: PMC10492028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by transverse myelitis and optic neuritis. The pathogenic serum IgG antibody against the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) on astrocytes triggers the activation of the complement cascade, causing astrocyte injury, followed by oligodendrocyte injury, demyelination, and neuronal loss. Complement C3 is positioned as a central player that relays upstream initiation signals to activate downstream effectors, potentially stimulating and amplifying host immune and inflammatory responses. However, whether targeting the inhibition of C3 signaling could ameliorate tissue injury, locomotor defects, and visual impairments in NMO remains to be investigated. In this study, using the targeted C3 inhibitor CR2-Crry led to a significant decrease in complement deposition and demyelination in both slice cultures and focal intracerebral injection models. Moreover, the treatment downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and improved motor dysfunction in a systemic NMO mouse model. Similarly, employing serotype 2/9 adeno-associated virus (AAV2/9) to induce permanent expression of CR2-Crry resulted in a reduction in visual dysfunction by attenuating NMO-like lesions. Our findings reveal the therapeutic value of inhibiting the complement C3 signaling pathway in NMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Huiming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Medical Retina and Neuro-Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510060, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Shabbir Khan Afridi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yuge Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Department of Medical Retina and Neuro-Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510060, China
| | - Yipeng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Shuiqing Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy 19 of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, China
| | - Xiusheng Qiu
- Vaccine Research Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 21 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Yu-Wen Alvin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 70 Ship 15 Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Yaxiong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Retina and Neuro-Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510060, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China.
| | - Changyong Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China.
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Chen J, Wang J, Hart DA, Zhou Z, Ackermann PW, Ahmed AS. Complement factor D regulates collagen type I expression and fibroblast migration to enhance human tendon repair and healing outcomes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225957. [PMID: 37744351 PMCID: PMC10512081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dense connective tissues (DCTs) such as tendon, ligament, and cartilage are important stabilizers and force transmitters in the musculoskeletal system. The healing processes after DCT injuries are highly variable, often leading to degenerative changes and poor clinical outcome. Biomarkers in relation to repair quality for human DCTs, especially tendon are lacking. This study expands our previous findings and aimed to characterize the mechanisms by which a potential biomarker of good outcomes, complement factor D (CFD), regulates tendon healing. Methods Quantitative mass spectrometry (QMS) profiling of tissue biopsies from the inflammatory phase of healing (n = 40 patients) and microdialysates from the proliferative phase of healing (n = 28 patients) were used to identify specific biomarkers for tendon healing. Further bioinformatic and experimental investigations based on primary fibroblasts and fibroblast cell line were used to confirm the identified biomarkers. Results The QMS profiling of tissue biopsies from the inflammatory phase of healing identified 769 unique proteins, and microdialysates from the proliferative phase of healing identified 1423 unique proteins in Achilles tendon rupture patients. QMS-profiling showed that CFD expression was higher during the inflammatory- and lower during the proliferative healing phase in the good outcome patients. Further bioinformatic and experimental explorations based on both inflammatory and proliferative fibroblast models demonstrated that CFD potentially improved repair by regulating cell migration and modulating collagen type I (Col1a1) expression. Moreover, it was shown that the enhanced Col1a1 expression, through increased fibroblast migration, was correlated with the validated clinical outcome. Discussion The results of the current studies characterized underlying inflammatory- and proliferative healing mechanisms by which CFD potentially improved tendon repair. These findings may lead to improved individualized treatment options, as well the development of effective therapies to promote good long-term clinical outcomes after tendon and other DCT injuries. Trial registration http://clinicaltrials.gov, identifiers NCT02318472, NCT01317160.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - David A. Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Zongke Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Paul W. Ackermann
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Trauma, Acute Surgery and Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aisha S. Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chen Y, Xiao C, Liao Y, Tan L. Risk Factors Analysis for the Development of Hypocomplementemia in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3583-3592. [PMID: 37614553 PMCID: PMC10443684 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s422547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the research was to explore the possible risk factors for the development of hypocomplementemia (HC) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients by analyzing their clinical and laboratory features. Methods This retrospective research contained 501 RA patients, divided into RA patients with HC (n=78) and RA patients without HC (n=423). Demographic characteristics and laboratory test results of RA patients were collected and analyzed, such as age, sex, anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibody (Anti-MCV), serum complements (C3, C4), immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), hemoglobin (Hb), platelets (PLT) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), etc. Spearman correlation was served as assessing the correlations of the levels of serum C3 and C4 with each index. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were served as assessing the diagnostic efficacy of each index for RA patients with HC. Furthermore, risk factors for the occurrence of HC in RA patients were analyzed by employing binary logistic regression of single and multiple factors. Results Compared RA patients with HC to without HC, the former were older and had a longer disease duration with increased levels of Anti-MCV, IgM and DAS28 and lower levels of Hb, PLT and ESR; Spearman correlation analysis verified the level of serum Anti-MCV was a negative correlation with C3 (r=-0.156); the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PLT in diagnosing RA patients with HC was the largest at 0.65 (95% CI: 0.60-0.69); binary logistic regression analysis indicated that advanced age (>66 years), long disease duration (>62 months), high DAS28 value (>6.13), the levels of Anti-MCV>107.68IU/mL, IgM>1.54g/L, ESR≤69.00mm/h, Hb≤99.00g/L and PLT≤305.00×109/L were probable risk factors for the occurrence of HC in RA patients. Conclusion Age and disease duration, DAS28, Anti-MCV, IgM, ESR, Hb, and PLT are closely related to the development of HC in RA patients. Timely monitoring of these indicators can help to evaluate disease activity of RA patients and further improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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13
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Typiak M, Trzonkowski P, Skotarczak M, Dubaniewicz A. Comparative Analysis of Fcγ and Complement Receptors Presence on Monocytes in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119713. [PMID: 37298666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis (SA) is a granulomatous disorder, which mostly affects the lungs. Its clinical characteristics resemble tuberculosis (TB), but its treatment is different. The etiology of SA is unknown; however, mycobacterial antigens were proposed as environmental factors in its development. Due to previously revealed immunocomplexemia with mycobacterial antigens in the blood of our SA but not TB patients, and in the search for biomarkers for differential diagnosis of the two disorders, we studied the phagocytic activity of monocytes from both patients' groups with flow cytometry. With the use of this method, we also analyzed the occurrence of receptors for IgG (FcγR) and complement components (CR) at the surface of these monocytes, responsible for phagocytosis of immunocomplexes. We revealed a higher phagocytic activity of monocytes in both disorders, but an increased frequency of monocytes with FcγRIII (CD16) and decreased with CR1 (CD35) receptor in the blood of SA vs. TB patients. With regard to our other genetic study on FcγRIII variants in SA and TB, this may account for the decreased clearance of immunocomplexes and different immune responses in the two diseases. Thus, the presented analysis not only sheds light on the pathomechanisms of SA and TB but may also support their differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Typiak
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59 St., 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7 St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Skotarczak
- 1st Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 St., 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Dubaniewicz
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17 St., 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
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14
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Chairta PP, Nicolaou P, Christodoulou K. Enrichr in silico analysis of MS-based extracted candidate proteomic biomarkers highlights pathogenic pathways in systemic sclerosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1934. [PMID: 36732374 PMCID: PMC9894849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rheumatic disease characterised by vasculopathy, inflammation and fibrosis. Its aetiopathogenesis is still unknown, and the pathways/mechanisms of the disease are not clarified. This study aimed to perform in silico analysis of the already Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based discovered biomarkers of SSc to extract possible pathways/mechanisms implicated in the disease. We recorded all published candidate MS-based found biomarkers related to SSc. We then selected a number of the candidate biomarkers using specific criteria and performed pathway and cellular component analyses using Enrichr. We used PANTHER and STRING to assess the biological processes and the interactions of the recorded proteins, respectively. Pathway analysis extracted several pathways that are associated with the three different stages of SSc pathogenesis. Some of these pathways are also related to other diseases, including autoimmune diseases. We observe that these biomarkers are located in several cellular components and implicated in many biological processes. STRING analysis showed that some proteins interact, creating significant clusters, while others do not display any evidence of an interaction. All these data highlight the complexity of SSc, and further investigation of the extracted pathways/biological processes and interactions may help study the disease from a different angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi P Chairta
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paschalis Nicolaou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Sun J, Wang L, Song L. The primitive complement system in molluscs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104565. [PMID: 36216083 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is an important immune defense mechanism that plays essential roles in both innate and adaptive immunity of vertebrates. Since complement components are identified in deuterostome and even primitive protostome species, the origin and evolution of complement system in invertebrates have been of great interest. Recently, research on the complement system in mollusc immunity has been increasing due to their importance in worldwide aquaculture, and their phylogenetic position. Complement components including C3, C1q domain containing protein (C1qDCP), C-type lectin (CTL), ficolin-like, mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine proteases like (MASPL), and factor B have been identified, suggesting the existence of complement system in molluscs. The lectin pathway has been outlined in molluscs, which is initiated by CTL with CCP domain and MASPL protein to generate C3 cleavage fragments. The molluscan C1qDCP exhibits the capability to bind human IgG, indicating the existence of possible C1qDCP-mediated activation pathway in molluscs. The activation of C3 regulates the expressions of immune effectors (cytokines and antibacterial peptides), mediates the haemocyte phagocytosis, and inhibits the bacterial growth. Some MACPF domain containing proteins may replace the missing terminal pathway in molluscs. This article provides a review of complement system in molluscs, including its components, activation mechanisms and functions in the immune response of molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Wang J, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Xu X, Guo J. Alternative Complement Pathway Signature Determines Immunosuppression and Resistance to Immunotherapy Plus Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Combinations in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:51.e13-51.e23. [PMID: 36328922 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latest guidelines recommended immunotherapy (IO) plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combination as standard first-line therapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with no predictive biomarker being applied. Complement system shapes tumor microenvironment, which may influence TKI+IO benefit. METHODS Two cohorts from our institute and 2 external cohorts were enrolled. RNA-sequencing was performed for each sample, and alternative complement pathway signature (ACPS) was defined by single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Immune infiltration and function were assessed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS Under TKI+IO therapy, ACPS was elevated in non-responders (P<0.01), and high-ACPS predicted lower response rate and shorter progression-free survival (P=0.040). Moreover, TKI+IO, rather than TKI monotherapy, may benefit patients of low-ACPS combined with SETD2-wild type (HR=0.55, P<0.001). In RCC, ACPS was associated with increased tumor-infiltrating T cells (Spearman's ρ=0.50, P=0.001). However, in high-ACPS samples, CD8+ T cells revealed an exhausted phenotype with decreased GZMB (P<0.001) and increased PD1 (P=0.008) expression. Elevated PD1 expression in high-ACPS samples was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (P=0.046). Besides, macrophage infiltration was increased in high-ACPS samples (P=0.045), along with suppressive cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Under TKI+IO, high-ACPS was linked to immunosuppression and treatment resistance. ACPS might be used as a biomarker for better treatment strategy between TKI+IO or TKI monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,China
| | - Yanjun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianglai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Li H, Xie X, Bai G, Qiang D, Zhang L, Liu H, He Y, Tang Y, Li L. Vitamin D deficiency leads to the abnormal activation of the complement system. Immunol Res 2023; 71:29-38. [PMID: 36178657 PMCID: PMC9845165 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency can damage the human immune system, and the complement system is a key component of the immune system. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which vitamin D affects the immune system by analyzing the changes in the protein expression of the complement system under different vitamin D levels. We selected 40 participants and divided them into three groups according to their serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)VD): group A, 25(OH)VD ≥ 40 ng/mL; group B, 30 ng/mL ≤ 25(OH)VD < 40 ng/mL; and group C, 25(OH)VD < 30 ng/mL. Serum samples were subjected to biochemical analysis, followed by proteomic analysis using high-throughput untargeted proteomic techniques. Vitamin D deficiency increased the levels of fasting blood sugar, fasting serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance and decreased the secretion of HOMA of β-cell function, which led to insulin resistance and glucose metabolism disorder. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency resulted in the abnormal expression of 56 differential proteins, among which the expression levels of complement factor B, complement component C9, inducible co-stimulator ligand, and peptidase inhibitor 16 significantly changed with the decrease in vitamin D content. Functional enrichment analysis of these differential proteins showed that they were mainly concentrated in functions and pathways related to insulin secretion and inflammation. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency not only contributes to insulin resistance and glucose metabolism disorder but also causes abnormal protein expression, resulting in the abnormal activation of the complement system. This study provides a novel theoretical basis for further studies on the relationship between vitamin D and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 2, Liqun West Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750001 China
| | - Xiaomin Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 2, Liqun West Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750001, China.
| | - Guirong Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 2, Liqun West Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750001 China
| | - Dan Qiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 2, Liqun West Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750001 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 2, Liqun West Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750001 China
| | - Huili Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 2, Liqun West Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750001 China
| | - Yanting He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 2, Liqun West Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750001 China
| | - Yanpan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 2, Liqun West Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750001 China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, No. 2, Liqun West Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750001 China
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Bucknor MC, Gururajan A, Dale RC, Hofer MJ. A comprehensive approach to modeling maternal immune activation in rodents. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1071976. [PMID: 36590294 PMCID: PMC9800799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1071976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal brain development is a highly orchestrated process, making it a very vulnerable window to perturbations. Maternal stress and subsequent inflammation during pregnancy leads to a state referred to as, maternal immune activation (MIA). If persistent, MIA can pose as a significant risk factor for the manifestation of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. To further elucidate this association between MIA and NDD risk, rodent models have been used extensively across laboratories for many years. However, there are few uniform approaches for rodent MIA models which make not only comparisons between studies difficult, but some established approaches come with limitations that can affect experimental outcomes. Here, we provide researchers with a comprehensive review of common experimental variables and potential limitations that should be considered when designing an MIA study based in a rodent model. Experimental variables discussed include: innate immune stimulation using poly I:C and LPS, environmental gestational stress paradigms, rodent diet composition and sterilization, rodent strain, neonatal handling, and the inclusion of sex-specific MIA offspring analyses. We discuss how some aspects of these variables have potential to make a profound impact on MIA data interpretation and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan C. Bucknor
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anand Gururajan
- The Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell C. Dale
- The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus J. Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Markus J. Hofer,
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Lichtnekert J, Anders HJ, Lech M. Lupus Nephritis: Current Perspectives and Moving Forward. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6533-6552. [PMID: 36483271 PMCID: PMC9726217 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s363722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a severe organ manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, and its pathogenesis involves complex etiology and mechanisms. Despite significant knowledge gains and extensive efforts put into understanding the development and relapsing disease activity, lupus nephritis remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in lupus patients. Current therapies retain a significant unmet medical need regarding rates of complete response, preventing relapse of lupus nephritis, progression of chronic kidney disease to kidney failure, drug toxicity, and pill burden-related drug non-adherence. Connected to progression of chronic kidney disease are the associated risks for disabling or even lethal cardiovascular events, as well as chronic kidney disease-related secondary immunodeficiency and serious infections. In this regard, biomarkers are needed that can predict treatment response to specific drugs to enable personalized precision medicine. A series of clinical trials with innovative immunomodulatory drugs are ongoing and raise expectations for improvements in the management of lupus nephritis. Here, we review how new developments in pathogenesis connect with current and future perspectives for the management of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lichtnekert
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany
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Kojima T, Oda T. Role of complement activation in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1031445. [DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1031445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by necrotizing inflammation of small or medium vessels, causing ANCA associated glomerulonephritis (AAGN). AAGN is defined as pauci-immune glomerulonephritis with no or little immune deposition; hence, activation of the complement system in AAV was overlooked until recently. However, many studies in mice and humans have revealed a crucial role for complement system activation in the development of AAGN. Circulating and urinary detection of various complement components associated with AP activation, which have been broadly correlated with the clinical activity of AAGN, has been reported and may be useful for predicting renal outcome at the time of diagnosis and setting up personalized treatments. Moreover, recent investigations have suggested the possible contribution of the complement classical or lectin pathway activation in the development of AAGN. Thus, as therapeutic options targeting complement components are making rapid strides, the primary complement pathway involved in AAGN disease progression remains to be elucidated: this will directly impact the development of novel therapeutic strategies with high specificity and reduced side effects. This review summarizes and discusses the most recent evidence on the crucial roles of the complement system in the development of AAGN and possible therapeutic strategies that target complement components for disease management.
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Baier E, Tampe D, Kluge IA, Hakroush S, Tampe B. Implication of platelets and complement C3 as link between innate immunity and tubulointerstitial injury in renal vasculitis with MPO-ANCA seropositivity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054457. [PMID: 36439156 PMCID: PMC9692128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a potentially life-threatening systemic small-vessel vasculitis that is characterized by pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, depicting in turn a major denominator of AAV mortality. It is well established that AAV patients feature an increased risk of developing thrombotic events, and platelets are activated in AAV patients being triggered by the alternative complement pathway. Platelets guard vessels integrity and initiate thrombus formation in response to endothelial damage, further constituting a triangular interconnection with the activation of neutrophils and the complement system. We here aimed to systematically assess the relevance of platelet counts and systemic complement system activation regarding distinct histopathological lesions in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. Methods A cohort of 53 biopsy-proven cases of ANCA-associated renal vasculitis were retrospectively enrolled in a single-center observational study. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify parameters associated with platelet counts in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis compared to disease controls. Finally, the relevance of platelets for disease course and recovery was assessed by survival analysis. Results Lower platelet counts correlated with markers of kidney injury including eGFR loss (p=0.0004) and lower complement C3 levels (p=0.0037). Multivariate and subgroup analysis revealed that this association was only present in the subgroup with MPO-ANCA seropositivity (eGFR loss: p=0.0009, lower C3: p=0.0032). While lower platelet counts correlated with kidney injury in the PR3-ANCA subgroup (eGFR loss: p=0.0272), we did not observe an independent association with complement C3 levels (p=0.4497). Independent of any glomerular lesion, lower platelet counts correlated with interstitial fibrosis (p=0.0313), tubular atrophy (p=0.0073), and tubulitis in areas of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (p=0.0033). Finally, we observed significant differences with increased requirement of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) or death in the subgroup below median platelet counts (HR: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.6-10, p=0.0047), associated with a lower probability of discharge and prolonged hospitalization in this subgroup (HR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9, p=0.0113). Conclusion Based on our observation that an association between platelets and complement system activation is only observed in the MPO-ANCA subgroup, this could implicate that platelets and complement C3 link innate immunity to tubulointerstitial injury in the presence of MPO-ANCA autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baier
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Désirée Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Samy Hakroush
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- SYNLAB Pathology Hannover, SYNLAB Holding Germany, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Björn Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Björn Tampe,
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22
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Comprehensive overview of autoantibody isotype and subclass distribution. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:999-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Kerick M, Acosta-Herrera M, Simeón-Aznar CP, Callejas JL, Assassi S, Proudman SM, Nikpour M, Hunzelmann N, Moroncini G, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, Orozco G, Barton A, Herrick AL, Terao C, Allanore Y, Fonseca C, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Radstake TRDJ, Beretta L, Denton CP, Mayes MD, Martin J. Complement component C4 structural variation and quantitative traits contribute to sex-biased vulnerability in systemic sclerosis. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:57. [PMID: 36198672 PMCID: PMC9534873 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number (CN) polymorphisms of complement C4 play distinct roles in many conditions, including immune-mediated diseases. We investigated the association of C4 CN with systemic sclerosis (SSc) risk. Imputed total C4, C4A, C4B, and HERV-K CN were analyzed in 26,633 individuals and validated in an independent cohort. Our results showed that higher C4 CN confers protection to SSc, and deviations from CN parity of C4A and C4B augmented risk. The protection contributed per copy of C4A and C4B differed by sex. Stronger protection was afforded by C4A in men and by C4B in women. C4 CN correlated well with its gene expression and serum protein levels, and less C4 was detected for both in SSc patients. Conditioned analysis suggests that C4 genetics strongly contributes to the SSc association within the major histocompatibility complex locus and highlights classical alleles and amino acid variants of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DPB1 as C4-independent signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kerick
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
| | - Marialbert Acosta-Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
- Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | | | | | - Shervin Assassi
- Department of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susanna M Proudman
- Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mandana Nikpour
- The University of Melbourne at St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche e Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Gisela Orozco
- Center for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Center, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Anne Barton
- Center for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Center, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Ariane L Herrick
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Northern care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Department of Rheumatology A, Hospital Cochin, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Carmen Fonseca
- Center for Rheumatology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| | - Marta Eugenia Alarcón-Riquelme
- Center for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Center for Rheumatology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| | - Maureen D Mayes
- Department of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Javier Martin
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
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24
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Yuan M, Liu L, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhang J. The Complement System: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Liver Cancer. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101532. [PMID: 36294966 PMCID: PMC9604633 DOI: 10.3390/life12101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth most fatal cancer in the world. Immunotherapy has already achieved modest results in the treatment of liver cancer. Meanwhile, the novel and optimal combinatorial strategies need further research. The complement system, which consists of mediators, receptors, cofactors and regulators, acts as the connection between innate and adaptive immunity. Recent studies demonstrate that complement system can influence tumor progression by regulating the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells, and cancer stem cells in liver cancer. Our review concentrates on the potential role of the complement system in cancer treatment, which is a promising strategy for killing tumor cells by the activation of complement components. Conclusions: Our review demonstrates that complement components and regulators might function as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Li Liu
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chenlin Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
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25
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van Straalen KR, Dudink K, Aarts P, van der Zee HH, van den Bosch TPP, Giang J, Prens EP, Damman J. Complement activation in Hidradenitis suppurativa: Covert low-grade inflammation or innocent bystander? Front Immunol 2022; 13:953674. [PMID: 36211440 PMCID: PMC9535337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic auto-inflammatory skin disease with a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis involving both the innate and adaptive immune system. Despite limited evidence for local complement activation, conflicting results have been published on the role of systemic complement activation in HS. It was hypothesized that complement was consumed in highly inflamed HS skin, trapping complement from the circulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate this local complement deposition in HS skin lesions using routine and commonly used complement antibodies.Direct immunofluorescence for C1q, C3c, C4d, C5b-9, and properdin was performed on frozen tissue sections of 19 HS patients and 6 controls. C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) was visualized using immunohistochemistry.Overall, we found no significant local complement deposition in HS patients versus controls regarding C1q, C3c, C4d, C5b-9, or properdin on either vessels or immune cells. C5aR1 expression was exclusively found on immune cells, predominantly neutrophilic granulocytes, but not significantly different relatively to the total infiltrate in HS lesions compared with controls. In conclusion, despite not being able to confirm local complement depositions of C1q, C3c, C4d, or properdin using highly sensitive and widely accepted techniques, the increased presence of C5aR1 positive immune cells in HS suggests the importance of complement in the pathogenesis of HS and supports emerging therapies targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. R. van Straalen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - K. Dudink
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - P. Aarts
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - H. H. van der Zee
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - T. P. P. van den Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. Giang
- Department of Pathology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. P. Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. Damman
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: J. Damman,
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26
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Schanzenbacher J, Köhl J, Karsten CM. Anaphylatoxins spark the flame in early autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958392. [PMID: 35958588 PMCID: PMC9358992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system (CS) is an ancient and highly conserved part of the innate immune system with important functions in immune defense. The multiple fragments bind to specific receptors on innate and adaptive immune cells, the activation of which translates the initial humoral innate immune response (IR) into cellular innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulation of the CS has been associated with the development of several autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ANCA-associated vasculitis, and autoimmune bullous dermatoses (AIBDs), where complement drives the inflammatory response in the effector phase. The role of the CS in autoimmunity is complex. On the one hand, complement deficiencies were identified as risk factors to develop autoimmune disorders. On the other hand, activation of complement can drive autoimmune responses. The anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are potent mediators and regulators of inflammation during the effector phase of autoimmunity through engagement of specific anaphylatoxin receptors, i.e., C3aR, C5aR1, and C5aR2 either on or in immune cells. In addition to their role in innate IRs, anaphylatoxins regulate humoral and cellular adaptive IRs including B-cell and T-cell activation, differentiation, and survival. They regulate B- and T-lymphocyte responses either directly or indirectly through the activation of anaphylatoxin receptors via dendritic cells that modulate lymphocyte function. Here, we will briefly review our current understanding of the complex roles of anaphylatoxins in the regulation of immunologic tolerance and the early events driving autoimmunity and the implications of such regulation for therapeutic approaches that target the CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Schanzenbacher
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christian M. Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian M. Karsten,
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27
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Zhu M, Wang J, Le W, Xu F, Jin Y, Jiao C, Zhang H. Relationship Between Serum Complement C3 Levels and Outcomes Among Patients With Anti-GBM Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929155. [PMID: 35874697 PMCID: PMC9305472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIgG and complement 3 (C3) are generally found to be deposited along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in human anti-GBM disease. The pathogenic role of complement activation in kidney damage of anti-GBM disease has been explored in recent years. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between serum C3 and outcomes among patients with anti-GBM disease in this study.MethodsNinety-four anti-GBM disease patients between January 2004 and December 2020 at the National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases Jinling Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and were divided into the low C3 group and the normal C3 group according to serum C3 levels at diagnosis. Fifty-six patients had undergone renal biopsy. We analyzed the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, kidney pathology, treatment, and outcomes between the two groups. The primary endpoint was kidney failure. Cox regression and smooth curve fitting of generalized additive mixed model analysis were used to explore the correlation between serum C3 and kidney failure. The outcomes of the two groups were compared by the Kaplan–Meier curve.ResultsA total of 94 patients (aged 43.6 ± 16.2; male patients, 46%) with anti-GBM disease were enrolled. There were 26 patients with low C3 levels and 68 patients with normal C3 levels. Compared with the normal C3 group, patients in the low C3 group have a higher proportion of glomerular sclerosis progressing to kidney failure. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that C3 is associated with kidney outcomes in patients with anti-GBM disease (HR = 0.782, 95% CI = 0.673–0.907, p = 0.001). Smooth curve fitting of generalized additive mixed model analysis indicated that the level of C3 had a linear relationship with the changing trend of kidney failure. The Kaplan–Meier curve showed that there was a statistical difference between the two groups in terms of kidney failure (p = 0.033).ConclusionThe kidney outcomes of anti-GBM disease in the low C3 group were poorer than those in the normal C3 group. The influence of C3 on the kidney outcomes of patients with anti-GBM disease may be of clinical relevance.
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28
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Fukami Y, Koike H, Iijima M, Mouri N, Nishi R, Katsuno M. Role of complement components in vasculitic neuropathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66:175-182. [PMID: 35581952 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS The mechanism of complement-mediated neurological injury in vasculitic neuropathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown. The current study aimed to investigate the local activation of the complement system in vasculitic neuropathy associated with SLE and RA. METHODS We analyzed sural nerve biopsy specimens collected from patients with SLE (n = 12) and RA (n = 12). The deposition of complement components comprising the classical and lectin pathways was assessed via immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The disease duration was longer in the RA group than in the SLE group (median [interquartile range]: 11.5 [5.5-31.0] and 4 [2-10] y, respectively). Complement components were found in the epineurial blood vessel walls in patients with SLE and RA, but not in controls. Deposition of the classical pathway component C1q in the blood vessel wall was more commonly observed in the SLE group (71.3% [25.6-85.8]) than in the RA group (20.1% [10.5-35.6]). As for the lectin pathway component, the incidence of ficolin-3 deposition in the blood vessel wall was higher in the SLE group (42.3% [25.7-51.3]) than in the RA group (17.2% [10.3-26.8]). On the contrary, the mannose-binding lectin level was higher in the RA group (37.5% [21.7-51.4]) than in the SLE group (17.8% [11.4-31.0]). DISCUSSION The classical and lectin pathways of the complement system may be involved in vasculitic neuropathy associated with SLE and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fukami
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruki Koike
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iijima
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naohiro Mouri
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nishi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Daido Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Clinical Research Education, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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29
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Massicotte-Azarniouch D, Herrera CA, Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Free ME. Mechanisms of vascular damage in ANCA vasculitis. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:325-345. [PMID: 35254509 PMCID: PMC9064952 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and their antigenic targets, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3), has led to further understanding as to the pathophysiologic processes that underlie vascular and tissue damage in ANCA vasculitis. ANCA trigger neutrophil activation leading to vascular damage in ANCA vasculitis. However, decades of study have determined that neutrophil activation alone is not sufficient to cause disease. Inflammatory stimuli are drivers of ANCA autoantigen expression and ANCA production. Certain infections or bacterial peptides may be crucial players in the initial steps of ANCA immunopathogenesis. Genetic and epigenetic alterations of gene encoding for MPO and PR3 provide additional disturbances to the immune homeostasis which provide a substrate for pathogenic ANCA formation from an adaptive immune system predisposed to autoreactivity. Promoted by inflammatory cytokines, ANCA binding leads to neutrophil activation, a process characterized by conformational changes, production and release of cytotoxic substances, and alternative complement pathway activation, thus creating an intense inflammatory milieu. This cascade of events perpetuates a vicious cycle of further inflammatory cell recruitment and activation, culminating in tissue necrosis. Our understanding of the pathogenic process in ANCA vasculitis paves the way for the development of therapies targeting crucial steps in this process. The greater appreciation of the role for complement, monocytes, and the adaptive immune system has already led to novel complement blockers and is poised to lead to further innovations which will allow for tailored antigen- or cell-specific immunotherapy targeting the autoimmune process without exposure to undue risks or toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Massicotte-Azarniouch
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carolina A Herrera
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Charles Jennette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ronald J Falk
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meghan E Free
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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30
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Henry BM, Sinkovits G, Szergyuk I, de Oliveira MHS, Lippi G, Benoit JL, Favaloro EJ, Pode-Shakked N, Benoit SW, Cooper DS, Müller V, Iványi Z, Gál J, Réti M, Gopcsa L, Reményi P, Szathmáry B, Lakatos B, Szlávik J, Bobek I, Prohászka ZZ, Förhécz Z, Csuka D, Hurler L, Kajdácsi E, Cervenak L, Mező B, Kiszel P, Masszi T, Vályi-Nagy I, Prohászka Z. Complement Levels at Admission Reflecting Progression to Severe Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:796109. [PMID: 35572977 PMCID: PMC9100416 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.796109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of complement system is thought to be a major player in development of multi-organ damage and adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to examine associations between complement system activity and development of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods In this multicenter, international study, complement as well as inflammatory and thrombotic parameters were analyzed in COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization at one US and two Hungarian centers. The primary endpoint was development of severe AKI defined by KDIGO stage 2+3 criteria, while the secondary endpoint was need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Complement markers with significant associations with endpoints were then correlated with a panel of inflammatory and thrombotic biomarkers and assessed for independent association with outcome measures using logistic regression. Results A total of 131 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (median age 66 [IQR, 54–75] years; 54.2% males) were enrolled, 33 from the US, and 98 from Hungary. There was a greater prevalence of complement over-activation and consumption in those who developed severe AKI and need for RRT during hospitalization. C3a/C3 ratio was increased in groups developing severe AKI (3.29 vs. 1.71; p < 0.001) and requiring RRT (3.42 vs. 1.79; p < 0.001) in each cohort. Decrease in alternative and classical pathway activity, and consumption of C4 below reference range, as well as elevation of complement activation marker C3a above the normal was more common in patients progressing to severe AKI. In the Hungarian cohort, each standard deviation increase in C3a (SD = 210.1) was independently associated with 89.7% increased odds of developing severe AKI (95% CI, 7.6–234.5%). Complement was extensively correlated with an array of inflammatory biomarkers and a prothrombotic state. Conclusion Consumption and dysregulation of complement system is associated with development of severe AKI in COVID-19 patients and could represent a promising therapeutic target for reducing thrombotic microangiopathy in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Henry
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Disease Intervention and Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Brandon M. Henry
| | - György Sinkovits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Szergyuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Justin L. Benoit
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Emmanuel J. Favaloro
- Haematology, Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Westmead Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefanie W. Benoit
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David S. Cooper
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Veronika Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Iványi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Gál
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marienn Réti
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Gopcsa
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Reményi
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Szathmáry
- Department of Infectology, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Lakatos
- Department of Infectology, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Szlávik
- Department of Infectology, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Bobek
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zita Z. Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Förhécz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Csuka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lisa Hurler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Kajdácsi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Cervenak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Blanka Mező
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Semmelweis University - Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Kiszel
- Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Semmelweis University - Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Masszi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Vályi-Nagy
- Department of Infectology, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Semmelweis University - Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
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Wang K, Zhu R, Li J, Zhang Z, Wen X, Chen H, Sun L. Coexpression network analysis coupled with connectivity map database mining reveals novel genetic biomarkers and potential therapeutic drugs for polymyositis. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:1719-1730. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-06035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Seals MR, Moran MM, Leavenworth JD, Leavenworth JW. Contribution of Dysregulated B-Cells and IgE Antibody Responses to Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900117. [PMID: 35784370 PMCID: PMC9243362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a debilitating autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the brain and spinal cord, causes demyelination of neurons, axonal damage, and neurodegeneration. MS and the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model have been viewed mainly as T-cell-mediated diseases. Emerging data have suggested the contribution of B-cells and autoantibodies to the disease progression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which dysregulated B-cells and antibody response promote MS and EAE remain largely unclear. Here, we provide an updated review of this specific subject by including B-cell biology and the role of B-cells in triggering autoimmune neuroinflammation with a focus on the regulation of antibody-producing B-cells. We will then discuss the role of a specific type of antibody, IgE, as it relates to the potential regulation of microglia and macrophage activation, autoimmunity and MS/EAE development. This knowledge can be utilized to develop new and effective therapeutic approaches to MS, which fits the scope of the Research Topic "Immune Mechanism in White Matter Lesions: Clinical and Pathophysiological Implications".
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik R Seals
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Multidisciplinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Monica M Moran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jonathan D Leavenworth
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,The O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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33
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Porritt RA, Binek A, Paschold L, Rivas MN, McArdle A, Yonker LM, Alter G, Chandnani HK, Lopez M, Fasano A, Van Eyk JE, Binder M, Arditi M. The autoimmune signature of hyperinflammatory multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e151520. [PMID: 34437303 PMCID: PMC8516454 DOI: 10.1172/jci151520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) manifests as a severe and uncontrolled inflammatory response with multiorgan involvement, occurring weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we utilized proteomics, RNA sequencing, autoantibody arrays, and B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire analysis to characterize MIS-C immunopathogenesis and identify factors contributing to severe manifestations and intensive care unit admission. Inflammation markers, humoral immune responses, neutrophil activation, and complement and coagulation pathways were highly enriched in MIS-C patient serum, with a more hyperinflammatory profile in severe than in mild MIS-C cases. We identified a strong autoimmune signature in MIS-C, with autoantibodies targeted to both ubiquitously expressed and tissue-specific antigens, suggesting autoantigen release and excessive antigenic drive may result from systemic tissue damage. We further identified a cluster of patients with enhanced neutrophil responses as well as high anti-Spike IgG and autoantibody titers. BCR sequencing of these patients identified a strong imprint of antigenic drive with substantial BCR sequence connectivity and usage of autoimmunity-associated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) genes. This cluster was linked to a TRBV11-2 expanded T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, consistent with previous studies indicating a superantigen-driven pathogenic process. Overall, we identify a combination of pathogenic pathways that culminate in MIS-C and may inform treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Porritt
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Aleksandra Binek
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lisa Paschold
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences and
| | - Angela McArdle
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lael M. Yonker
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Merrick Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Hospital, California, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences and
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zeng J, Aryal RP, Stavenhagen K, Luo C, Liu R, Wang X, Chen J, Li H, Matsumoto Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Ju T, Cummings RD. Cosmc deficiency causes spontaneous autoimmunity by breaking B cell tolerance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg9118. [PMID: 34613773 PMCID: PMC8494437 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Factors regulating the induction and development of B cell–mediated autoimmunity are not well understood. Here, we report that targeted deletion in murine B cells of X-linked Cosmc, encoding the chaperone required for expression of core 1 O-glycans, causes the spontaneous development of autoimmune pathologies due to a breakdown of B cell tolerance. BC-CosmcKO mice display multiple phenotypic abnormalities, including severe weight loss, ocular manifestations, lymphadenopathy, and increased female-associated mortality. Disruption of B cell tolerance in BC-CosmcKO mice is manifested as elevated self-reactive IgM and IgG autoantibodies. Cosmc-deficient B cells exhibit enhanced basal activation and responsiveness to stimuli. There is also an elevated frequency of spontaneous germinal center B cells in BC-CosmcKO mice. Mechanistically, loss of Cosmc confers enhanced B cell receptor (BCR) signaling through diminished BCR internalization. The results demonstrate that Cosmc, through control of core 1 O-glycans, is a previously unidentified immune checkpoint gene in maintaining B cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajindra P. Aryal
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chi Luo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Renyan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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35
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Liu Y, Chen S, Yang G, Wang B, Lan J, Dai F, Rao P, Wu P, Qian H, Shi G. ANA-positive primary immune thrombocytopaenia: a different clinical entity with increased risk of connective tissue diseases. Lupus Sci Med 2021; 8:8/1/e000523. [PMID: 34610996 PMCID: PMC8493907 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2021-000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Primary immune thrombocytopaenia (ITP) is highly heterogeneous. ANA-positive primary ITP may resemble the preclinical stage of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), but is still considered primary ITP due to a controversial CTD risk assessment in this group. The objective of this study was to clarify the risk of CTD in ANA-positive patients with primary ITP. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study and a meta-analysis. 586 patients with newly diagnosed primary ITP were followed up and Cox regression analyses were used to analyse the associations of ANA positivity and other immune parameters with CTD development. Results The mean follow-up time was 37 (19–56) months. ANA was positive in 21.33% (125 of 586) of patients with primary ITP in our retrospective cohort, and the overall rate of ANA positivity in the meta-analysis was 17.06% (369 of 2163). The adjusted HR for CTD in ANA-positive primary ITP was 6.15 (95% CI 2.66 to 14.23, p<0.001). Five patients in the ANA-positive group developed SLE (5 of 125, 4.0%), significantly higher than in the ANA-negative group (0 of 461, 0%). A clinical model combining ANA, anti-Sjogren’s syndrome A antibody and C3 was successfully developed to predict the risk of CTD in patients with primary ITP. Increased risk of CTD (risk ratio=12.43, 95% CI 7.91 to 19.55, p<0.00001), especially SLE (risk ratio=30.41, 95% CI 13.23 to 69.86, p<0.00001), among ANA-positive patients with primary ITP was confirmed by a meta-analysis of previous studies and the present study. Conclusions The findings suggest that ANA-positive primary ITP is a clinical entity distinct from other primary ITPs and is associated with increased risk of developing CTDs, especially SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shiju Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guomei Yang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinying Lan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fan Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peishi Rao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Puqi Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongyan Qian
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guixiu Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China .,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Yarmoska SK, Alawieh AM, Tomlinson S, Hoang KB. Modulation of the Complement System by Neoplastic Disease of the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689435. [PMID: 34671342 PMCID: PMC8521155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a highly conserved component of innate immunity that is involved in recognizing and responding to pathogens. The system serves as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, and modulation of the complement system can affect the entire host immune response to a foreign insult. Neoplastic diseases have been shown to engage the complement system in order to evade the immune system, gain a selective growth advantage, and co-opt the surrounding environment for tumor proliferation. Historically, the central nervous system has been considered to be an immune-privileged environment, but it is now clear that there are active roles for both innate and adaptive immunity within the central nervous system. Much of the research on the role of immunological modulation of neoplastic disease within the central nervous system has focused on adaptive immunity, even though innate immunity still plays a critical role in the natural history of central nervous system neoplasms. Here, we review the modulation of the complement system by a variety of neoplastic diseases of the central nervous system. We also discuss gaps in the current body of knowledge and comment on future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K. Yarmoska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ali M. Alawieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kimberly B. Hoang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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37
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Is complement the main accomplice in IgA nephropathy? From initial observations to potential complement-targeted therapies. Mol Immunol 2021; 140:1-11. [PMID: 34601376 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is the main cause of primary glomerulonephritis, globally. This disease is associated with a wide range of clinical presentations, variable prognosis and a spectrum of histological findings. More than fifty years after its first description, this heterogeneity continues to complicate efforts to understand the pathogenesis. Nevertheless, involvement of the complement system in IgAN was identified early on. Dysfunction of the immunoglobulin A (IgA) system, the principal offender in this disease, including modification of isoforms and glycoforms of IgA1, the nature of immune complexes and autoantibodies to galactose deficient IgA1 might all be responsible for complement activation in IgAN. However, the specific mechanisms engaging complement are still under examination. Research in this domain should allow for identification of patients that may benefit from complement-targeted therapy, in the foreseeable future.
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38
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Albert D. Are autoimmune diseases autoinflammatory: Is it time to change the paradigm? Lupus 2021; 30:1722-1724. [PMID: 34467788 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211038931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The paradigm that autoimmune diseases are abberations in the adaptive immune system is over 50 years old, but recent data suggest a multitude of abnormalities in the innate immune system in lupus and other autoimmune diseases. This viewpoint elaborates the reasons that I think it is time to reexamine this paradigm and shift our research focus to the innate immune system in lupus and other prototypic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Albert
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, The Dartmouth Institute, Lebanon, NH, USA
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39
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Mosakowska M, Kania DB, Szamotulska K, Rymarz A, Niemczyk S. Assessment of the correlation of commonly used laboratory tests with clinical activity, renal involvement and treatment of systemic small-vessel vasculitis with the presence of ANCA antibodies. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:290. [PMID: 34445984 PMCID: PMC8390216 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to assess the correlation of commonly used laboratory tests with clinical activity, degree of kidney involvement and treatment of systemic small-vessel vasculitis with the presence of ANCA antibodies. Methods The study included 28 patients with active AAV (BVAS ≥ 3). The following tests were performed: MPO-ANCA, PR3-ANCA, peripheral blood count, ESR, CRP, procalcitonin, creatinine, GFR, urea, albumin, fibrinogen, d-dimer, components of the C3 and C4 complement systems, urinalysis with sediment evaluation and diurnal proteinuria. The assessments were conducted twice: at study entry (A0) and after 6 months (A6) (BVAS = 0). Results At the time of inclusion in the study, the mean creatinine concentration was 3.39 mg/dl (GFR 33.17 ml/min/1.73 m²), after achieving remission in 11 patients (39.3 %) GFR remained below 30 ml/min/1.73 m², 4 patients (14.3 %) continued renal replacement therapy, and 3 patients (10.7 %) with advanced renal failure died. Microscopic hematuria occurred in 80.9 % of the studied population, withdrew in most patients, strongly correlated with renal involvement p < 0.001 and was not related to disease severity p = 0.147. CRP, ESR, fibrinogen, d-dimer, albumin and hemoglobin in the peripheral blood showed a strong correlation with the clinical activity of AAV and well identified severe patients. High procalcitonin concentrations correlated with a severe form of the disease, pulmonary involvement with respiratory failure and alveolar hemorrhage (mean 3.41 ng/ml, median 0.91 ng/ml, SD 7.62, p = 0.000), and were associated with the occurrence of infectious complications and the need to administer antibiotic therapy. ANCA antibodies were useful in the evaluation of patients with AAV, the amount of antibodies did not correlate with the severity of vasculitis (p = 0.685) and the results in many patients did not match the expected assumptions. Conclusions CRP, ESR, fibrinogen, d-dimers, albumin and hemoglobin in the peripheral blood correlate well with the activity of vasculitis and identify severe patients. The resolution of microscopic hematuria suggests remission of the disease in the renal area. Procalcitonin may be slightly increased in patients with active AAV without infection, high concentrations are strongly associated with infectious complications. ANCA antibodies should always be interpreted in the context of the observed clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mosakowska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Brodowska Kania
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szamotulska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Mother and Child, 17a, Kasprzaka Street, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rymarz
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Niemczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
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40
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Senent Y, Ajona D, González-Martín A, Pio R, Tavira B. The Complement System in Ovarian Cancer: An Underexplored Old Path. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3806. [PMID: 34359708 PMCID: PMC8345190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers. Current therapeutic strategies allow temporary control of the disease, but most patients develop resistance to treatment. Moreover, although successful in a range of solid tumors, immunotherapy has yielded only modest results in ovarian cancer. Emerging evidence underscores the relevance of the components of innate and adaptive immunity in ovarian cancer progression and response to treatment. Particularly, over the last decade, the complement system, a pillar of innate immunity, has emerged as a major regulator of the tumor microenvironment in cancer immunity. Tumor-associated complement activation may support chronic inflammation, promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment, induce angiogenesis, and activate cancer-related signaling pathways. Recent insights suggest an important role of complement effectors, such as C1q or anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, and their receptors C3aR and C5aR1 in ovarian cancer progression. Nevertheless, the implication of these factors in different clinical contexts is still poorly understood. Detailed knowledge of the interplay between ovarian cancer cells and complement is required to develop new immunotherapy combinations and biomarkers. In this context, we discuss the possibility of targeting complement to overcome some of the hurdles encountered in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Senent
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Martín
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Immune-Related Urine Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Lupus Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137143. [PMID: 34281193 PMCID: PMC8267641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is one of the main organs affected by the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus nephritis (LN) concerns 30-60% of adult SLE patients and it is significantly associated with an increase in the morbidity and mortality. The definitive diagnosis of LN can only be achieved by histological analysis of renal biopsies, but the invasiveness of this technique is an obstacle for early diagnosis of renal involvement and a proper follow-up of LN patients under treatment. The use of urine for the discovery of non-invasive biomarkers for renal disease in SLE patients is an attractive alternative to repeated renal biopsies, as several studies have described surrogate urinary cells or analytes reflecting the inflammatory state of the kidney, and/or the severity of the disease. Herein, we review the main findings in the field of urine immune-related biomarkers for LN patients, and discuss their prognostic and diagnostic value. This manuscript is focused on the complement system, antibodies and autoantibodies, chemokines, cytokines, and leukocytes, as they are the main effectors of LN pathogenesis.
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Kerick M, González-Serna D, Carnero-Montoro E, Teruel M, Acosta-Herrera M, Makowska Z, Buttgereit A, Babaei S, Barturen G, López-Isac E, Lesche R, Beretta L, Alarcon-Riquelme ME, Martin J. Expression Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis in Systemic Sclerosis Identifies New Candidate Genes Associated With Multiple Aspects of Disease Pathology. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1288-1300. [PMID: 33455083 DOI: 10.1002/art.41657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic variants that affect gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci [eQTLs]) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to investigate their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS We performed an eQTL analysis using whole-blood sequencing data from 333 SSc patients and 524 controls and integrated them with SSc genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. We integrated our findings from expression modeling, differential expression analysis, and transcription factor binding site enrichment with key clinical features of SSc. RESULTS We detected 49,123 validated cis-eQTLs from 4,539 SSc-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (PGWAS < 10-5 ). A total of 1,436 genes were within 1 Mb of the 4,539 SSc-associated SNPs. Of those 1,436 genes, 565 were detected as having ≥1 eQTL with an SSc-associated SNP. We developed a strategy to prioritize disease-associated genes based on their expression variance explained by SSc eQTLs (r2 > 0.05). As a result, 233 candidates were identified, 134 (58%) of them associated with hallmarks of SSc and 105 (45%) of them differentially expressed in the blood cells, skin, or lung tissue of SSc patients. Transcription factor binding site analysis revealed enriched motifs of 24 transcription factors (5%) among SSc eQTLs, 5 of which were found to be differentially regulated in the blood cells (ELF1 and MGA), skin (KLF4 and ID4), and lungs (TBX4) of SSc patients. Ten candidate genes (4%) can be targeted by approved medications for immune-mediated diseases, of which only 3 have been tested in clinical trials in patients with SSc. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicate a new layer to the molecular complexity of SSc, contributing to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kerick
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Elena Carnero-Montoro
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Teruel
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Guillermo Barturen
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena López-Isac
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Lorenzo Beretta
- Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta E Alarcon-Riquelme
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Martin
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
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Wang K, Zhang Z, Meng D, Li J. Investigating genetic drivers of juvenile dermatomyositis pathogenesis using bioinformatics methods. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1007-1020. [PMID: 33891717 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a chronic autoimmune disease. The pathogenic mechanisms remain ill-defined. The purpose of this study was to identify key genes related to JDM. Microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified. Then, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were carried out. In addition, the hub genes were selected by cytoHubba. The expression profile and diagnostic capacity (receiver-operator curve [ROC]) of interested hub genes were verified. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was also carried out. Moreover, the signature of hub genes was then used as a search query to explore the Connectivity Map (CMAP). A total of 128 DEG were identified. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEG include response to virus, negative regulation of cell migration, cadmium ion transmembrane transport, defense response to Gram-negative bacterium, positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation, and negative regulation of angiogenesis. Twenty-one hub genes were identified. The expression levels of the interested genes were also confirmed. ROC analysis confirmed that the expression of these genes can distinguish JDM from controls. GSEA showed that these genes are mainly related to "inflammatory response", "complement", "interferon-α response", "IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling", "TGF-β signaling", "IL2/STAT5 signaling" and "TNF-α signaling via NF-κB". The CMAP research found some compounds with the potential to counteract the effects of the dysregulated molecular signature in JDM. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to identify DEG, which helps us understand the molecular mechanisms of JDM and provide candidate targets for diagnosis and treatment of JDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Deqian Meng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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Jang KO, Lee YW, Kim H, Chung DK. Complement Inactivation Strategy of Staphylococcus aureus Using Decay-Accelerating Factor and the Response of Infected HaCaT Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4015. [PMID: 33924622 PMCID: PMC8070078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a species of Gram-positive staphylococcus. It can cause sinusitis, respiratory infections, skin infections, and food poisoning. Recently, it was discovered that S. aureus infects epithelial cells, but the interaction between S. aureus and the host is not well known. In this study, we confirmed S. aureus to be internalized by HaCaT cells using the ESAT-6-like protein EsxB and amplified within the host over time by escaping host immunity. S. aureus increases the expression of decay-accelerating factor (CD55) on the surfaces of host cells, which inhibits the activation of the complement system. This mechanism makes it possible for S. aureus to survive in host cells. S. aureus, sufficiently amplified within the host, is released through the initiation of cell death. On the other hand, the infected host cells increase their surface expression of UL16 binding protein 1 to inform immune cells that they are infected and try to be eliminated. These host defense systems seem to involve the alteration of tight junctions and the induction of ligand expression to activate immune cells. Taken together, our study elucidates a novel aspect of the mechanisms of infection and immune system evasion for S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ok Jang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (K.O.J.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Youn Woo Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (K.O.J.); (Y.W.L.)
| | - Hangeun Kim
- Research and Development Center, Skin Biotechnology Center Inc., Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Dae Kyun Chung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (K.O.J.); (Y.W.L.)
- Research and Development Center, Skin Biotechnology Center Inc., Yongin 17104, Korea
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 16229, Korea
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Bettacchioli E, Le Gaffric C, Mazeas M, Borghi MO, Frostegard J, Barturen G, Makowska Z, Babei S, Lesche R, Meroni PL, Alarcon-Riquelme ME, Renaudineau Y. An elevated polyclonal free light chain level reflects a strong interferon signature in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. J Transl Autoimmun 2021; 4:100090. [PMID: 33817614 PMCID: PMC8010703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High amount of polyclonal free light chains (FLC) are reported in systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD) and we took advantage of the PRECISESADS study to better characterize them. Serum FLC levels were explored in 1979 patients with SAD (RA, SLE, SjS, Scl, APS, UCTD, MCTD) and 614 healthy controls. Information regarding clinical parameters, disease activity, medications, autoantibodies (Ab) and the interferon α and/or γ scores were recorded. Among SAD patients, 28.4% had raised total FLC (from 12% in RA to 30% in SLE and APS) with a normal kappa/lambda ratio. Total FLC levels were significantly higher in SAD with inflammation, active disease in SLE and SjS, and an impaired pulmonary functional capacity in SSc, while independent from kidney impairment, infection, cancer and treatment. Total FLC concentrations were positively correlated among the 10/17 (58.8%) autoantibodies (Ab) tested with anti-RNA binding protein Ab (SSB, SSA-52/60 kDa, Sm, U1-RNP), anti-dsDNA/nucleosome Ab, rheumatoid factor and negatively correlated with complement fractions C3/C4. Finally, examination of interferon (IFN) expression as a potential driver of FLC overexpression was tested showing an elevated level of total FLC among patients with a high IFNα and IFNγ Kirou's score, a strong IFN modular score, and the detection in the sera of B-cell IFN dependent factors, such as TNF-R1/TNFRSF1A and CXCL10/IP10. In conclusion, an elevated level of FLC, in association with a strong IFN signature, defines a subgroup of SAD patients, including those without renal affectation, characterized by increased disease activity, autoreactivity, and complement reduction.
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Key Words
- APS, primary antiphospholipid syndrome
- AUC, area under the curve
- Ab, autoantibody
- Autoantibodies
- Autoimmune diseases
- CCP, cyclic citrulinated peptide
- CXCL10, C-X-C motif chemokine 10
- F, female
- FLC, free light chains
- Free light chains
- HC, healthy controls
- IFN, interferon
- Interferon signature
- M, male
- MCTD, mixed connective tissue disease
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NK, natural killer
- PC, phosphorylcholine
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RF, rheumatoid factor
- RNP, ribonucleoprotein
- ROC, Receiver Operating Characteristics
- SAD, systemic autoimmune diseases
- SD, standard deviation
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- Scl, systemic sclerosis
- SjS, Sjögren's syndrome
- TH1, T helper type 1
- TNF-R1, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1
- UCTD, undetermined connective tissue disease
- VAS, visual analogical scale
- κ, kappa
- λ, lambda
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margaux Mazeas
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Johan Frostegard
- Section of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillermo Barturen
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta E. Alarcon-Riquelme
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France
- Univ Brest, INSERM, LBAI, 29238, Brest Cedex 3, France
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHRU Morvan, Brest, France.
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Hoffmann-Petersen IT, Holt CB, Jensen L, Hage C, Mellbin LG, Thiel S, Hansen TK, Østergaard JA. Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on complement activation. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3385. [PMID: 32662092 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse activation of the complement cascade in the innate immune system appears to be involved in development of vascular complications in diabetes. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a cell surface serine protease expressed in a variety of tissues. DPP-4 inhibitors are widely used in treatment of type 2 diabetes and appear to yield beneficial pleiotropic effects beyond their glucose-lowering action, for example, renoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesised that DPP-4 inhibitors block adverse complement activation by inhibiting complement-activating serine proteases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed the effects of 7 different DPP-4 inhibitors on the lectin and classical pathway of the complement system in vitro by quantifying complement factor C4b deposition onto mannan or IgG coated surfaces, respectively. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), soluble membrane attack complex (sMAC), and C4b deposition were quantified in 71 patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome and glucose disturbances, randomly assigned to sitagliptin 100 mg (n = 34) or placebo (n = 37) for 12 weeks. RESULTS All the 7 DPP-4 inhibitors tested in the study directly inhibited functional activity of the lectin pathway in a dose-dependent manner with varying potency in vitro. In vivo, MBL, sMAC, and C4b declined significantly during follow-up in both groups without significant effect of sitagliptin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated an inhibitory effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on the lectin pathway in vitro. The clinical relevance of this effect of DPP-4 inhibitors remains to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg T Hoffmann-Petersen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Northern Jutland, Hjørring, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte B Holt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla Hage
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda G Mellbin
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels K Hansen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob A Østergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Iba T, Warkentin TE, Thachil J, Levi M, Levy JH. Proposal of the Definition for COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020191. [PMID: 33430431 PMCID: PMC7827226 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic events are common complications in COVID-19 patients that include both thrombus formation in large vessels and the microvasculature of the lung and other organs. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) have similarities and differences, and whether CAC is a form of DIC is the subject of debate. Reported mechanisms of CAC include activated coagulation, endotheliopathy, up-regulated innate and adaptive immunity, and activated complement system. Although the clinical features and laboratory findings of CAC and DIC seem different, there are fundamental similarities that should be considered. Basically, the pathological findings of COVID-19 fall within the scope of the definition of DIC, i.e., systemic activation of coagulation caused by or resulting from the microvascular damage. Therefore, we suggest that although CAC differs from usual infection-associated DIC, its various features indicate that it can be considered a thrombotic phenotype DIC. This review summarizes the current knowledge about CAC including differences and similarities with sepsis-associated DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3813-3111
| | - Theodore E. Warkentin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
| | - Marcel Levi
- Department of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cardio-Metabolic Programme-NIHR UCLH/UCL BRC, London NW1 2BU, UK;
| | - Jerrold H. Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
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Detsika MG, Lianos EA. Regulation of Complement Activation by Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in Kidney Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010060. [PMID: 33418934 PMCID: PMC7825075 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase is a cytoprotective enzyme with strong antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Its cytoprotective role is mainly attributed to its enzymatic activity, which involves the degradation of heme to biliverdin with simultaneous release of carbon monoxide (CO). Recent studies uncovered a new cytoprotective role for heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by identifying a regulatory role on the complement control protein decay-accelerating factor. This is a key complement regulatory protein preventing dysregulation or overactivation of complement cascades that can cause kidney injury. Cell-specific targeting of HO-1 induction may, therefore, be a novel approach to attenuate complement-dependent forms of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Detsika
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, 10675 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-723552; Fax: +30-210-7239127
| | - Elias A. Lianos
- Thorax Foundation, Research Center of Intensive Care and Emergency Thoracic Medicine, 10675 Athens, Greece;
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Tech, Carilion School of Medicine, 1970 Roanoke Blvd, Salem, VA 24153, USA
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Ohlsson M, Hellmark T, Bengtsson AA, Theander E, Turesson C, Klint C, Wingren C, Ekstrand AI. Proteomic Data Analysis for Differential Profiling of the Autoimmune Diseases SLE, RA, SS, and ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:1252-1260. [PMID: 33356304 PMCID: PMC7872503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Early
and correct diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases
(IRD) poses a clinical challenge due to the multifaceted nature of
symptoms, which also may change over time. The aim of this study was
to perform protein expression profiling of four systemic IRDs, systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE), ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis (SV),
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS),
and healthy controls to identify candidate biomarker signatures for
differential classification. A total of 316 serum samples collected
from patients with SLE, RA, SS, or SV and from healthy controls were
analyzed using 394-plex recombinant antibody microarrays. Differential
protein expression profiling was examined using Wilcoxon signed rank
test, and condensed biomarker panels were identified using advanced
bioinformatics and state-of-the art classification algorithms to pinpoint
signatures reflecting each disease (raw data set available at https://figshare.com/s/3bd3848a28ef6e7ae9a9.). In this study, we were able to classify the included individual
IRDs with high accuracy, as demonstrated by the ROC area under the
curve (ROC AUC) values ranging between 0.96 and 0.80. In addition,
the groups of IRDs could be separated from healthy controls at an
ROC AUC value of 0.94. Disease-specific candidate biomarker signatures
and general autoimmune signature were identified, including several
deregulated analytes. This study supports the rationale of using multiplexed
affinity-based technologies to reflect the biological complexity of
autoimmune diseases. A multiplexed approach for decoding multifactorial
complex diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, will play a significant
role for future diagnostic purposes, essential to prevent severe organ-
and tissue-related damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Ohlsson
- Computational Biology & Biological Physics, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden.,Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research (CAISR), Halmstad University, Halmstad SE-301 18, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hellmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-221 85, Sweden
| | - Anders A Bengtsson
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö SE-214 28, Sweden
| | - Elke Theander
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Carl Turesson
- Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö SE-214 28, Sweden.,Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö SE-221 00, Sweden
| | | | - Christer Wingren
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden
| | - Anna Isinger Ekstrand
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden
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50
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The complement system in primary Sjögren's syndrome: the expression of certain cascade and regulatory proteins in labial salivary glands - observational study. Reumatologia 2020; 58:357-366. [PMID: 33456078 PMCID: PMC7792541 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2020.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The complement cascade and regulatory proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of the Sjögren's syndrome and other autoimmune diseases. The complement activation via the alternative pathway was recognized as a major pathogenic mechanism in autoimmune conditions. The aim of this study was to assess expression of complement cascade components and regulatory proteins in minor salivary glands in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Materials and methods The expression of C1q and C5b-9 - membrane attack complex and regulatory proteins such as: membrane cofactor protein (MCP), decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and protectin were examined using immunochemistry method in specimens from biopsy of minor salivary glands in pSS patients. The biopsy material was obtained from 20 pSS patients, 5 patients with non-specific sialadenitis and from 5 patients with suspicion of dryness syndrome without sialadenitis confirmation. Results None of the examined samples showed the expression of C1q or the effector C5b-9. Membrane cofactor protein expression was lower in pSS group than in both non-specific sialadenitis and noninflamed salivary glands. The inflammatory cells in pSS samples partially expressed MCP. There were differences in the sites and intensity of membrane protectin expression exclusively on the luminal surfaces in pSS; on the luminal and, partially, antiluminal surface in non-specific inflammation, and on the entire cell surface in unaffected salivary glands. There were no DAF expression in salivary gland tissue in biopsy specimens in all studied subjects. Conclusions The study demonstrated the absence of complement-cascade proteins (C1q, MAC) in the salivary glands of pSS patients, which may indicated a lack of local complement activation via the classical pathway and the observed gland tissue damage being due to a mechanism other than MAC-induced cytolysis. The differences in the expression of complement regulatory proteins between pSS, non-specific sialadenitis, and normal salivary glands may indicate that alternative functions of these regulatory proteins may be of greater significance in pSS. Low MCP expression in pSS in comparison with non-specific sialadenitis and normal salivary glands, may suggest altered modulation of cell-mediated immunity in pSS. The differences in the location and intensity of protectin (CD59) expression indicates a possibility of reducing the proinflammatory effect of protectin in pSS.
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