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de Moraes LMP, Marques HF, Reis VCB, Coelho CM, Leitão MDC, Galdino AS, Porto de Souza TP, Piva LC, Perez ALA, Trichez D, de Almeida JRM, De Marco JL, Torres FAG. Applications of the Methylotrophic Yeast Komagataella phaffii in the Context of Modern Biotechnology. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:411. [PMID: 38921397 PMCID: PMC11205268 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Komagataella phaffii (formerly Pichia pastoris) is a methylotrophic yeast widely used in laboratories around the world to produce recombinant proteins. Given its advantageous features, it has also gained much interest in the context of modern biotechnology. In this review, we present the utilization of K. phaffii as a platform to produce several products of economic interest such as biopharmaceuticals, renewable chemicals, fuels, biomaterials, and food/feed products. Finally, we present synthetic biology approaches currently used for strain engineering, aiming at the production of new bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Maria Pepe de Moraes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (L.M.P.d.M.); (H.F.M.); (L.C.P.); (A.L.A.P.); (J.L.D.M.)
| | - Henrique Fetzner Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (L.M.P.d.M.); (H.F.M.); (L.C.P.); (A.L.A.P.); (J.L.D.M.)
| | - Viviane Castelo Branco Reis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Embresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Agroenergy, Brasília 70770-901, DF, Brazil; (V.C.B.R.); (D.T.); (J.R.M.d.A.)
| | - Cintia Marques Coelho
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (C.M.C.); (M.d.C.L.)
| | - Matheus de Castro Leitão
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (C.M.C.); (M.d.C.L.)
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil; (A.S.G.); (T.P.P.d.S.)
| | - Thais Paiva Porto de Souza
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil; (A.S.G.); (T.P.P.d.S.)
| | - Luiza Cesca Piva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (L.M.P.d.M.); (H.F.M.); (L.C.P.); (A.L.A.P.); (J.L.D.M.)
| | - Ana Laura Alfonso Perez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (L.M.P.d.M.); (H.F.M.); (L.C.P.); (A.L.A.P.); (J.L.D.M.)
| | - Débora Trichez
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Embresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Agroenergy, Brasília 70770-901, DF, Brazil; (V.C.B.R.); (D.T.); (J.R.M.d.A.)
| | - João Ricardo Moreira de Almeida
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Embresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Agroenergy, Brasília 70770-901, DF, Brazil; (V.C.B.R.); (D.T.); (J.R.M.d.A.)
| | - Janice Lisboa De Marco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (L.M.P.d.M.); (H.F.M.); (L.C.P.); (A.L.A.P.); (J.L.D.M.)
| | - Fernando Araripe Gonçalves Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (L.M.P.d.M.); (H.F.M.); (L.C.P.); (A.L.A.P.); (J.L.D.M.)
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Augustin MA, Hartley CJ, Maloney G, Tyndall S. Innovation in precision fermentation for food ingredients. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:6218-6238. [PMID: 36640107 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2166014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A transformation in our food production system is being enabled by the convergence of advances in genome-based technologies and traditional fermentation. Science at the intersection of synthetic biology, fermentation, downstream processing for product recovery, and food science is needed to support technology development for the production of fermentation-derived food ingredients. The business and markets for fermentation-derived ingredients, including policy and regulations are discussed. A patent landscape of fermentation for the production of alternative proteins, lipids and carbohydrates for the food industry is provided. The science relating to strain engineering, fermentation, downstream processing, and food ingredient functionality that underpins developments in precision fermentation for the production of proteins, fats and oligosaccharides is examined. The production of sustainably-produced precision fermentation-derived ingredients and their introduction into the market require a transdisciplinary approach with multistakeholder engagement. Successful innovation in fermentation-derived ingredients will help feed the world more sustainably.
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Tsuda M, Nonaka K. Recent progress on heterologous protein production in methylotrophic yeast systems. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:200. [PMID: 38730212 PMCID: PMC11087369 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant protein production technology is widely applied to the manufacture of biologics used as drug substances and industrial proteins such as recombinant enzymes and bioactive proteins. Various heterologous protein production systems have been developed using prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts. Especially methylotrophic yeast in eukaryotic hosts is suggested to be particularly valuable because such systems have the following advantages: protein secretion into culture broth, eukaryotic quality control systems, a post-translational modification system, rapid growth, and established recombinant DNA tools and technologies such as strong promoters, effective selection markers, and gene knock-in and -out systems. Many methylotrophic yeasts such as the genera Candida, Ogataea, and Komagataella have been studied since methylotrophic yeast was first isolated in 1969. The methanol-consumption-related genes in methylotrophic yeast are strongly and strictly regulated under methanol-containing conditions. The well-regulated gene expression systems under the methanol-inducible gene promoter lead to the potential application of heterologous protein production in methylotrophic yeast. In this review, we describe the recent progress of heterologous protein production technology in methylotrophic yeast and introduce Ogataea minuta as an alternative production host as a substitute for K. phaffii and O. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tsuda
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda, Gunma, 370-0503, Japan.
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda, Gunma, 370-0503, Japan
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Zhu La ALT, Li D, Cheng Z, Wen Q, Hu D, Jin X, Liu D, Feng Y, Guo Y, Cheng G, Hu Y. Enzymatically prepared neoagarooligosaccharides improve gut health and function through promoting the production of spermidine by Faecalibacterium in chickens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169057. [PMID: 38056640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining animal gut health through modulating the gut microbiota is a constant need when antibiotics are not used in animal feed during the food animal production process. Prebiotics is regarded as one of the most promising antibiotic alternatives for such purpose. As an attractive prebiotic, the role and mechanisms of neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOS) in promoting animal growth and gut health have not been elucidated. In this study, we first cloned and expressed marine bacterial β-agarase in yeast to optimize the NAOS preparation and then investigated the role and the underlying mechanisms of the prepared NAOS in improving chicken gut health and function. The marine bacterial β-agarase PDE13B was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 and generated even-numbered NAOS. Dietary the prepared NAOS promoted chicken growth and improved intestinal morphology, its barrier, and digestion capabilities, and absorption function. Metagenomic analysis indicated that NAOS modulated the chicken gut microbiota structure and function, and microbial interactions, and promoted the growth of spermidine-producing bacteria especially Faecalibacterium. Through integration of gut metagenome, gut content metabolome, and gut tissue transcriptome, we established connections among NAOS, gut microbes, spermidine, and chicken gut gene expression. The spermidine regulation of genes related to autophagy, immunity, and inflammation was further confirmed in chicken embryo intestinal epithelium cells. We also verified that NAOS can be utilized by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii to grow and produce spermidine in in vitro experiments. Collectively, we provide a systematic investigation of the role of NAOS in regulating gut health and demonstrate the microbial spermidine-mediated mechanism involved in prebiotic effects of NAOS, which lays foundation for future use of NAOS as a new antibiotic alternative in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A La Teng Zhu La
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Depeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqian Cheng
- Huzhou Inspection & Quarantine Comprehensive Technology Center, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Qiu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Die Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Jiang J, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Yan Q, Yang S. High-level production of a novel alginate lyase (FsAly7) from Flammeovirga sp. for efficient production of low viscosity soluble dietary fiber from sodium alginate. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121605. [PMID: 38142093 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Sodium alginate is one of the most abundant sustainable gum source for dietary fiber production. However, the preparation efficiencies of low viscosity soluble dietary fiber from sodium alginate remain low. Here, a novel alginate lyase gene (FsAly7) from Flammeovirga sp. was identified and high-level expressed in Pichia pastoris for low viscosity soluble dietary fiber production. The highest enzyme production of 3050 U mL-1 was achieved, which is by far the highest yield ever reported. FsAly7 was used for low viscosity soluble dietary fiber production from sodium alginate, and the highest degradation rate of 85.5 % was achieved under a high substrate content of 20 % (w/v). The molecular weight of obtained soluble dietary fiber converged to 10.75 kDa. FsAly7 catalyzed the cleavage of glycosidic bonds in alginate chains with formation of unsaturated non-reducing ends simultaneously in the degradation process, thus altered the chemical structures of hydrolysates. The soluble dietary fiber exhibited excellent properties, including low viscosity, high oil adsorption capacity activity (2.20 ± 0.03 g g-1) and high emulsifying activity (60.05 ± 2.96 mL/100 mL). This investigation may provide a novel alginate lyase catalyst as well as a solution for the efficient production of low viscosity soluble dietary fiber from sodium alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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Khlebodarova TM, Bogacheva NV, Zadorozhny AV, Bryanskaya AV, Vasilieva AR, Chesnokov DO, Pavlova EI, Peltek SE. Komagataella phaffii as a Platform for Heterologous Expression of Enzymes Used for Industry. Microorganisms 2024; 12:346. [PMID: 38399750 PMCID: PMC10892927 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the 1980s, Escherichia coli was the preferred host for heterologous protein expression owing to its capacity for rapid growth in complex media; well-studied genetics; rapid and direct transformation with foreign DNA; and easily scalable fermentation. Despite the relative ease of use of E. coli for achieving the high expression of many recombinant proteins, for some proteins, e.g., membrane proteins or proteins of eukaryotic origin, this approach can be rather ineffective. Another microorganism long-used and popular as an expression system is baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In spite of a number of obvious advantages of these yeasts as host cells, there are some limitations on their use as expression systems, for example, inefficient secretion, misfolding, hyperglycosylation, and aberrant proteolytic processing of proteins. Over the past decade, nontraditional yeast species have been adapted to the role of alternative hosts for the production of recombinant proteins, e.g., Komagataella phaffii, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These yeast species' several physiological characteristics (that are different from those of S. cerevisiae), such as faster growth on cheap carbon sources and higher secretion capacity, make them practical alternative hosts for biotechnological purposes. Currently, the K. phaffii-based expression system is one of the most popular for the production of heterologous proteins. Along with the low secretion of endogenous proteins, K. phaffii efficiently produces and secretes heterologous proteins in high yields, thereby reducing the cost of purifying the latter. This review will discuss practical approaches and technological solutions for the efficient expression of recombinant proteins in K. phaffii, mainly based on the example of enzymes used for the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M. Khlebodarova
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Bogacheva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Zadorozhny
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alla V. Bryanskaya
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Asya R. Vasilieva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Danil O. Chesnokov
- Sector of Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.O.C.); (E.I.P.)
| | - Elena I. Pavlova
- Sector of Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.O.C.); (E.I.P.)
| | - Sergey E. Peltek
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Lisov A, Belova O, Lisova Z, Nagel A, Shadrin A, Andreeva-Kovalevskaya Z, Nagornykh M, Zakharova M, Leontievsky A. Two β-glucanases from bacterium Cellulomonas flavigena: expression in Pichia pastoris, properties, biotechnological potential. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1313-1321. [PMID: 37093814 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2201934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
In the genome of Cellulomonas flavigena, two genes that potentially encode endoglucanases - Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 were identified. We cloned the genes and created Pichia pastoris-based recombinant producers of two proteins that were expressed from the AOX1 promoter. Each of the endoglucanase molecules contains a GH6 catalytic domain, CBM2 carbohydrate-binding module, and TAT signal peptide. The fermentation of the producers was carried out in a 10 L fermenter; Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 were purified using affinity chromatography. The yield comprised 10.3 mg/ml (430 U/ml) for Cfla_2913 and 9 mg/ml (370 U/ml) for Cfla_2912. Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 were found to have a high activity against barley β-glucan and lichenan, a weak activity against carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), phosphoric-acid treated cellulose, and no activity against laminarin, xylan, soluble starch, microcrystalline cellulose, cellobiose, and cellotriose. Thus, the proteins exhibited β-glucanase activity. Both proteins had a neutral pH optimum of about 7.0 and were more stable at neutral and slightly alkaline pH ranging from 7.0 to 9.0. Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 showed a moderate thermal stability. The products of barley β-glucan hydrolysis by Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 were trisaccharide, tetrasaccharide, and cellobiose. Cfla_2912 and Cfla_2913 efficiently hydrolyzed cereal polysaccharides, which indicate that they may have biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lisov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana Belova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zoya Lisova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Nagel
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Shadrin
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhanna Andreeva-Kovalevskaya
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Nagornykh
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Zakharova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Leontievsky
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Incze DJ, Poppe L, Bata Z. Optimization Workflow of Fumonisin Esterase Production for Biocatalytic Degradation of Fumonisin B 1. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1885. [PMID: 37763289 PMCID: PMC10533188 DOI: 10.3390/life13091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial enzyme production with the Pichia pastoris expression system requires a well-characterized production strain and a competitively priced fermentation medium to meet the expectations of the industry. The present work shows a workflow that allows the rapid and reliable screening of transformants of single copy insertion of the target production cassette. A constitutive expression system with the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (pGAP) with homology arms for the glycerol kinase 1 (GUT1) was constructed for the targeted integration of the expression plasmid in a KU70 deficient Pichia pastoris and the production of a bacterial fumonisin esterase enzyme (CFE). A robust colony qPCR method was developed for the copy number estimation of the expression cassette. Optimization of the protein production medium and the scale-up ability was aided by design of experiments (DOE) approach resulting in optimized production conditions at a semi-industrial scale. A novel fermentation medium containing 3% inactivated yeast and 2% dextrose in an ammonium-citrate buffer (IYD) was shown to be a promising alternative to YPD media (containing yeast extract, peptone, and dextrose), as similar protein titers could be obtained, while the cost of the medium was reduced 20-fold. In a demonstration-scale 48 h long fed-batch fermentation, the IYD media outperformed the small-scale YPD cultivation by 471.5 ± 22.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel János Incze
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary;
- Research and Development Laboratory, Dr. Bata Ltd., Bajcsy-Zsilinszky utca 139, H-2364 Ócsa, Hungary
| | - László Poppe
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary;
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Strada Arany János 11, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zsófia Bata
- Research and Development Laboratory, Dr. Bata Ltd., Bajcsy-Zsilinszky utca 139, H-2364 Ócsa, Hungary
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Li R, Fan X, Jiang Y, Wang R, Guo R, Zhang Y, Fu S. From anaerobic digestion to single cell protein synthesis: A promising route beyond biogas utilization. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120417. [PMID: 37517149 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of a large amount of organic solid waste and the lack of sufficient protein supply worldwide are two major challenges caused by rapid population growth. Anaerobic digestion is the main force of organic waste treatment, and the high-value utilization of its products (biogas and digestate) has been widely concerned. These products can be used as nutrients and energy sources for microorganisms such as microalgae, yeast, methane-oxidizing bacteria(MOB), and hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria(HOB) to produce single cell protein(SCP), which contributes to the achievement of sustainable development goals. This new model of energy conversion can construct a bioeconomic cycle from waste to nutritional products, which treats waste without additional carbon emissions and can harvest high-value biomass. Techno-economic analysis shows that the SCP from biogas and digestate has higher profit than biogas electricity generation, and its production cost is lower than the SCP using special raw materials as the substrate. In this review, the case of SCP-rich microorganisms using anaerobic digestion products for growth was investigated. Some of the challenges faced by the process and the latest developments were analyzed, and their potential economic and environmental value was verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - XiaoLei Fan
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - YuFeng Jiang
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - RuoNan Wang
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - RongBo Guo
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, PR China.
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - ShanFei Fu
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, PR China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, PR China.
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10
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Zhu La ALT, Feng Y, Hu D, Feng Y, Jin X, Liu D, Guo Y, Cheng G, Hu Y. Enzymatically prepared alginate oligosaccharides improve broiler chicken growth performance by modulating the gut microbiota and growth hormone signals. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:96. [PMID: 37394467 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) holds great potential as a novel feed supplement in farm animals. However, the effects of AOS on chicken health and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to optimize the enzymatic preparation of AOS by using bacterial alginate lyases expressed in yeast, investigate the effects of the prepared AOS on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens, and reveal the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Five alginate lyases from bacteria were cloned into Pichia pastoris GS115 and the alginate lyase PDE9 was expressed at relatively high yield, activity and stability in P. pastoris. Animal trials were carried out using 320 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers (four groups; 8 replicates/group × 10 chicks/replicate) receiving either a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg PDE9-prepared AOS for 42 d. The results showed that dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg AOS displayed the highest activity in promoting the birds' ADG and ADFI (P < 0.05). AOS ameliorated the intestinal morphology, absorption function and barrier function, as indicated by the enhanced (P < 0.05) intestinal villus height, maltase activity, and the expression of PEPT, SGLT1, ZNT1, and occludin. AOS also increased serum insulin-like growth factor-1, ghrelin (P < 0.05), and growth hormone (P < 0.1). Moreover, the concentrations of acetate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, valerate, and total SCFAs in cecum of birds fed AOS were significantly higher than the control birds (P < 0.05). Metagenomic analysis indicated that AOS modulated the chicken gut microbiota structure, function, and microbial interactions and promoted the growth of SCFAs-producing bacteria, for example, Dorea sp. 002160985; SCFAs, especially acetate, were found positively correlated with the chicken growth performance and growth-related hormone signals (P < 0.05). We further verified that AOS can be utilized by Dorea sp. to grow and to produce acetate in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the enzymatically produced AOS effectively promoted broiler chicken growth performance by modulating the chicken gut microbiota structure and function. For the first time, we established the connections among AOS, chicken gut microbiota/SCFAs, growth hormone signals and chicken growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A La Teng Zhu La
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Die Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yimei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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11
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Qian D, Zhang C, Deng C, Zhou M, Fan L, Zhao L. De novo biosynthesis of 2'-fucosyllactose in engineered Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:521-536. [PMID: 36790735 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pichia pastoris is well known for its ability to produce short and low-immunogenic humanized glycosyl chains onto recombinant glycoproteins, it was thus speculated to be applicable to synthesize oligosaccharides. In this study, generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microorganism Pichia pastoris GS115 was tested for its potential to be used as a new synthetic chassis to produce the most abundant human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL). METHODS To enable the de novo synthesis of 2'-FL, lactose transporter lac12, two enzymes of gmd, gmer, and fucosyltransferases futC were integrated into the genome of P. pastoris, under the control of constitutive PGAP promoter. RESULTS The resulting recombinant yeasts yielded up to 0.276 g/L through culture optimization in a 5 L bioreactor. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of 2'-FL production in engineered Pichia pastoris. This work is a good starting point to produce 2'-FL using Pichia pastoris as a viable chassis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chunyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China.
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12
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Ávila-Fernández Á, Montiel S, Rodríguez-Alegría ME, Caspeta L, López Munguía A. Simultaneous enzyme production, Levan-type FOS synthesis and sugar by-products elimination using a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain expressing a levansucrase-endolevanase fusion enzyme. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:18. [PMID: 36703199 PMCID: PMC9881289 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Levan-type fructooligosaccharides (L-FOS) have been shown to exhibit prebiotic properties, no efficient methods for their large-scale production have been proposed. One alternative relies on the simultaneous levan synthesis from sucrose, followed by endolevanase hydrolysis. For this purpose, several options have been described, particularly through the synthesis of the corresponding enzymes in recombinant Escherichia coli. Major drawbacks still consist in the requirement of GRAS microorganisms for enzyme production, but mainly, the elimination of glucose and fructose, the reaction by-products. RESULTS The expression of a fusion enzyme between Bacillus licheniformis endolevanase (LevB1) and B. subtilis levansucrase (SacB) in Pichia pastoris cultures, coupled with the simultaneous synthesis of L-FOS from sucrose and the elimination of the residual monosaccharides, in a single one-pot process was developed. The proof of concept at 250 mL flask-level, resulted in 8.62 g of monosaccharide-free L-FOS and 12.83 gDCW of biomass, after 3 successive sucrose additions (30 g in total), that is a 28.7% yield (w L-FOS/w sucrose) over a period of 288 h. At a 1.5 L bioreactor-level, growth considerably increased and, after 59 h and two sucrose additions, 72.9 g of monosaccharide-free L-FOS and 22.77 gDCW of biomass were obtained from a total of 160 g of sucrose fed, corresponding to a 45.5% yield (w L-FOS/w sucrose), 1.6 higher than the flask system. The L-FOS obtained at flask-level had a DP lower than 20 fructose units, while at bioreactor-level smaller oligosaccharides were obtained, with a DP lower than 10, as a consequence of the lower endolevanase activity in the flask-level. CONCLUSION We demonstrate here in a novel system, that P. pastoris cultures can simultaneously be used as comprehensive system to produce the enzyme and the enzymatic L-FOS synthesis with growth sustained by sucrose by-products. This system may be now the center of an optimization strategy for an efficient production of glucose and fructose free L-FOS, to make them available for their application as prebiotics. Besides, P. pastoris biomass also constitutes an interesting source of unicellular protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Ávila-Fernández
- grid.441115.40000 0001 2293 8305Centro de Investigación, DACS-Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Av. Gregorio Méndez No. 2838-A. Col. Tamulte ´, 86150 Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco Mexico
| | - Silvia Montiel
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ingeniería Celular Y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad, 2001 Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Alegría
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ingeniería Celular Y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad, 2001 Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| | - Luis Caspeta
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ingeniería Celular Y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad, 2001 Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| | - Agustín López Munguía
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ingeniería Celular Y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad, 2001 Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
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13
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Luo G, Geng Z, Kuerban B, Xu Y, Yang J, Liu J, Li M. Enhancement of HSA-pFSHβ production by disrupting YPS1 and supplementing N-acetyl-L-cysteine in Pichia pastoris. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:998647. [PMID: 36620033 PMCID: PMC9810807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.998647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pichia pastoris is widely used for the production of recombinant proteins, but the low production efficiency hinders its wide application in biopharmaceuticals. Moreover, many biopharmaceutical-like proteins are accompanied by degradation during secretory expression in P. pastoris. Objective In this study, we used human serum albumin and porcine follicle-stimulating hormone β (HSA-pFSHβ) fusion protein as a model protein to investigate whether YPS1 and YPT7 gene disruption and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) supplementation have synergistic effects to inhibit the degradation of recombinant proteins. Results and discussion Our results showed that YPS1 gene disruption reduced the degradation of intact HSA-pFSHβ and increased the yield of intact protein in the culture medium and cells without affecting the integrity of the cell wall. Moreover, the beneficial effects of YPS1 gene disruption were associated with the upregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway and maintenance of redox homeostasis. YPS1 gene disruption and NAC supplementation had synergistic effects on HSA-pFSHβ production. In addition, disruption of vacuolar morphology by YPT7 gene disruption or NH4Cl treatment affected the production of recombinant HSA-pFSHβ protein. Furthermore, YPT7 gene disruption inhibited the processing of signal peptide in high-level produced HSA-pFSHβ strain. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that YPS1 disruption could reduce the degradation of intact HSA-pFSHβ proteins, and synergistically increase the yield of intact HSA-pFSHβ with NAC supplementation. This study provided a valuable reference for reducing recombinant protein degradation and therefore improving the yield of recombinant proteins in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijian Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Buayisham Kuerban
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingqing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Jiangsu Guiliu Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muwang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Guiliu Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Muwang Li,
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14
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Offei B, Braun-Galleani S, Venkatesh A, Casey WT, O’Connor KE, Byrne KP, Wolfe KH. Identification of genetic variants of the industrial yeast Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) that contribute to increased yields of secreted heterologous proteins. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001877. [PMID: 36520709 PMCID: PMC9754263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Komagataella phaffii (formerly called Pichia pastoris) is used widely as a host for secretion of heterologous proteins, but only a few isolates of this species exist and all the commonly used expression systems are derived from a single genetic background, CBS7435 (NRRL Y-11430). We hypothesized that other genetic backgrounds could harbor variants that affect yields of secreted proteins. We crossed CBS7435 with 2 other K. phaffii isolates and mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for secretion of a heterologous protein, β-glucosidase, by sequencing individual segregant genomes. A major QTL mapped to a frameshift mutation in the mannosyltransferase gene HOC1, which gives CBS7435 a weaker cell wall and higher protein secretion than the other isolates. Inactivation of HOC1 in the other isolates doubled β-glucosidase secretion. A second QTL mapped to an amino acid substitution in IRA1 that tripled β-glucosidase secretion in 1-week batch cultures but reduced cell viability, and its effects are specific to this heterologous protein. Our results demonstrate that QTL analysis is a powerful method for dissecting the basis of biotechnological traits in nonconventional yeasts, and a route to improving their industrial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Offei
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Braun-Galleani
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Anjan Venkatesh
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William T. Casey
- Bioplastech Ltd., NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin E. O’Connor
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- BiOrbic Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin P. Byrne
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth H. Wolfe
- UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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15
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Wollborn D, Munkler LP, Horstmann R, Germer A, Blank LM, Büchs J. Predicting high recombinant protein producer strains of Pichia pastoris Mut S using the oxygen transfer rate as an indicator of metabolic burden. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11225. [PMID: 35780248 PMCID: PMC9250517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15086-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) is a widely used host for recombinant protein production. In this study, a clonal library of P. pastoris MutS strains (S indicates slow methanol utilization) was screened for high green fluorescent protein (GFP) production. The expression cassette was under the control of the methanol inducible AOX promoter. The growth behavior was online-monitored in 48-well and 96-well microtiter plates by measuring the oxygen transfer rate (OTR). By comparing the different GFP producing strains, a correlation was established between the slope of the cumulative oxygen transfer during the methanol metabolization phase and the strain’s production performance. The correlation corresponds to metabolic burden during methanol induction. The findings were validated using a pre-selected strain library (7 strains) of high, medium, and low GFP producers. For those strains, the gene copy number was determined via Whole Genome Sequencing. The results were consistent with the described OTR correlation. Additionally, a larger clone library (45 strains) was tested to validate the applicability of the proposed method. The results from this study suggest that the cumulative oxygen transfer can be used as a screening criterion for protein production performance that allows for a simple primary screening process, facilitating the pre-selection of high producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wollborn
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara Pauline Munkler
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Horstmann
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Germer
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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16
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Chen S, Tong Q, Guo X, Cong H, Zhao Z, Liang W, Li J, Zhu P, Yang H. Complete secretion of recombinant Bacillus subtilis levansucrase in Pichia pastoris for production of high molecular weight levan. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:203-211. [PMID: 35714864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three signal peptides from α-mating factor (α-MF), inulinase (INU) and native levansucrase (LS) were compared for secretion efficiency of Bacillus subtilis levansucrase SacB-T305A in Pichia pastoris GS115. The first complete secretion of bacterial levansucrase in yeasts under methanol induction was achieved while using α-MF signal. The secreted recombinant Lev(α-MF) proved to be glycosylated by combination of NanoLC-MS/MS and Endo H digestion. Interestingly, glycosylation not only improved significantly the polymerase thermostability, but also reversed the products profiles to favor synthesis of high molecular weight (HMW) levan which accounted for approximately 73 % to total levan-type polysaccharides. It indicated for the first time that the glycosylation of recombinant B. subtilis levansucrase affected significantly the products molecular weight distribution. It also provided a promising enzymatic way to effectively product HMW levan from sucrose resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuochang Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Qiuping Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Hao Cong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zi Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Wenfeng Liang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jiemin Li
- Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 174 East Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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17
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Tong L, Huang H, Zheng J, Wang X, Bai Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Tu T, Yao B, Qin X, Luo H. Engineering a carbohydrate-binding module to increase the expression level of glucoamylase in Pichia pastoris. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:95. [PMID: 35643500 PMCID: PMC9148494 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucoamylase is an important industrial enzyme for the saccharification of starch during sugar production, but the production cost of glucoamylase is a major limiting factor for the growth of the starch-based sugar market. Therefore, seeking strategies for high-level expression of glucoamylase in heterologous hosts are considered as the main way to reduce the enzyme cost. Results ReGa15A from Rasamsonia emersonii and TlGa15B-GA2 from Talaromyces leycettanus have similar properties. However, the secretion level of ReGa15A was significantly higher than TlGa15B-GA2 in Pichia pastoris. To explore the underlying mechanisms affecting the differential expression levels of glucoamylase in P. pastoris, the amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures of them were compared and analyzed. First, the CBM region was identified by fragment replacement as the key region affecting the expression levels of ReGa15A and TlGa15B-GA2. Then, through the substitution and site-directed mutation of the motifs in the CBM region, three mutants with significantly increased expression levels were obtained. The eight-point mutant TlGA-M4 (S589D/Q599A/G600Y/V603Q/T607I/V608L/N609D/R613Q), the three-point mutant TlGA-M6 (Q599A/G600Y/V603Q) and the five-point mutant TlGA-M7 (S589D/T607I/V608L/N609D/R613Q) have the same specific activity with the wild-type, and the enzyme activity and secretion level have increased by 4–5 times, respectively. At the same time, the expression levels were 5.8-, 2.0- and 2.4-fold higher than that of wild type, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression of genes related to the unfolded protein responses (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) did not differ significantly between the mutants and wild type. In addition, the most highly expressed mutant, TlGA-M7 exhibits rapidly and effectively hydrolyze raw corn starch. Conclusions Our results constitute the first demonstration of improved expression and secretion of a glucoamylase in P. pastoris by introducing mutations within the non-catalytic CBM. This provides a novel and effective strategy for improving the expression of recombinant proteins in heterologous host expression systems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01833-1.
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Bustos C, Quezada J, Veas R, Altamirano C, Braun-Galleani S, Fickers P, Berrios J. Advances in Cell Engineering of the Komagataella phaffii Platform for Recombinant Protein Production. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040346. [PMID: 35448535 PMCID: PMC9027633 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Komagataella phaffii (formerly known as Pichia pastoris) has become an increasingly important microorganism for recombinant protein production. This yeast species has gained high interest in an industrial setting for the production of a wide range of proteins, including enzymes and biopharmaceuticals. During the last decades, relevant bioprocess progress has been achieved in order to increase recombinant protein productivity and to reduce production costs. More recently, the improvement of cell features and performance has also been considered for this aim, and promising strategies with a direct and substantial impact on protein productivity have been reported. In this review, cell engineering approaches including metabolic engineering and energy supply, transcription factor modulation, and manipulation of routes involved in folding and secretion of recombinant protein are discussed. A lack of studies performed at the higher-scale bioreactor involving optimisation of cultivation parameters is also evidenced, which highlights new research aims to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bustos
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile; (C.B.); (J.Q.); (R.V.); (C.A.); (S.B.-G.)
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Av. de la Faculté 2B, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Johan Quezada
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile; (C.B.); (J.Q.); (R.V.); (C.A.); (S.B.-G.)
| | - Rhonda Veas
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile; (C.B.); (J.Q.); (R.V.); (C.A.); (S.B.-G.)
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile; (C.B.); (J.Q.); (R.V.); (C.A.); (S.B.-G.)
| | - Stephanie Braun-Galleani
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile; (C.B.); (J.Q.); (R.V.); (C.A.); (S.B.-G.)
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Av. de la Faculté 2B, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Julio Berrios
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile; (C.B.); (J.Q.); (R.V.); (C.A.); (S.B.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-32-237-2012
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Gupta J, Kumar A, Surjit M. Production of a Hepatitis E Vaccine Candidate Using the Pichia pastoris Expression System. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2412:117-141. [PMID: 34918244 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is associated with acute hepatitis disease, which may lead to chronic disease in immunocompromised individuals. The disease is particularly severe among pregnant women (20-30% mortality). No vaccine is available to combat the HEV except Hecolin, which is available only in China. Virus-like particle (VLP) generated from the capsid protein (ORF2) of HEV is known to be a potent vaccine antigen against HEV. Hecolin consists of 368-606 amino acid (aa) region of the capsid protein of HEV, which forms a VLP. It is expressed and purified from the inclusion bodies of E. coli. Here, we describe a method to express the 112-608aa region of the capsid protein (ORF2) of genotype-1 HEV in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) and purify VLPs from the culture medium. 112-608aa ORF2 VLPs are secreted into the culture medium in a methanol inducible manner. The purified VLPs are glycosylated and induce robust immune response in Balb/c mice. Further, 112-608aa ORF2 VLPs are bigger than the 368-606 VLP present in Hecolin, which may help them in inducing a superior immune response. P. pastoris offers a robust and economical heterologous expression system to produce large quantities of glycosylated 112-608aa ORF2 VLP, which appears to be a promising vaccine candidate against the HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gupta
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Milan Surjit
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
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Improved Production of Streptomyces sp. FA1 Xylanase in a Dual-Plasmid Pichia pastoris System. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2289-2304. [PMID: 34940135 PMCID: PMC8928940 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol is considered as a potential hazard in the methanol-induced yeast expression of food-related enzymes. To increase the production efficiency of recombinant proteins in Pichia pastoris without methanol induction, a novel dual-plasmid system was constructed, for the first time, by a combining the strategies of genomic integration and episomal expression. To obtain a high copy number of the target gene, the autonomously replicating sequence derived from Kluyveromyces lactis (PARS) was used to construct episomal vectors carrying the constitutive promoters PGAP and PGCW14. In addition, an integrative vector carrying the PGCW14 promoter was constructed by replacing the PGAP promoter sequence with a partial PGCW14 promoter. Next, using xylanase XynA from Streptomyces sp. FA1 as the model enzyme, recombination strains were transformed with different combinations of integrating and episomal vectors that were constructed to investigate the changes in the protein yield. Results in shake flasks indicated that the highest enzyme yield was achieved when integrated PGAP and episomal PGCW14 were simultaneously transformed into the host strain. Meanwhile, the copy number of xynA increased from 1.14 ± 0.46 to 3.06 ± 0.35. The yield of XynA was successfully increased to 3925 U·mL-1 after 102 h of fermentation in a 3.6 L fermenter, which was 16.7-fold and 2.86-fold of the yields that were previously reported for the constitutive expression and methanol-induced expression of the identical protein, respectively. Furthermore, the high-cell-density fermentation period was shortened from 132 h to 102 h compared to that of methanol-induced system. Since the risk of methanol toxicity is removed, this novel expression system would be suitable for the production of proteins related to the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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21
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Yeasts isolated from a lotic continental environment in Brazil show potential to produce amylase, cellulase and protease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e00630. [PMID: 34136364 PMCID: PMC8178091 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts have wide applicability in the industrial field, as in the production of enzymes used in biocatalysts. Biocatalysts are more efficient when compared to chemical catalysts, with emphasis on hydrolytic enzymes, such as amylase, cellulase and protease. Here we focused on prospecting yeasts, with a high capacity to synthesize hydrolytic enzymes, from a continental lotic ecosystem environment in Brazil. 75 yeasts were grown in Yeast Extract-Peptone-Dextrose (YPD) medium supplemented with antibacterial and their capacity for enzymatic production was tested in specific media. Accordingly, 64 yeasts showed enzyme production capacity. From those, six showed good enzyme indexes, 3 for amylase, 2 for cellulase and 1 for protease. All showed at least one hydrolytic enzyme activity for the tested enzymes (amylase, cellulase and protease), which suggested that the yeasts are metabolically active. By sequencing the 26S gene, we identified Naganishia diffluens and Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans as the species with highest enzyme production activities. Those species showed potential for application as biological catalysts in the biotechnological scope, collaborating in a sustainable way for the development of industrial products.
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Raschmanová H, Weninger A, Knejzlík Z, Melzoch K, Kovar K. Engineering of the unfolded protein response pathway in Pichia pastoris: enhancing production of secreted recombinant proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4397-4414. [PMID: 34037840 PMCID: PMC8195892 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Folding and processing of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are major impediments in the production and secretion of proteins from Pichia pastoris (Komagataella sp.). Overexpression of recombinant genes can overwhelm the innate secretory machinery of the P. pastoris cell, and incorrectly folded proteins may accumulate inside the ER. To restore proper protein folding, the cell naturally triggers an unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, which upregulates the expression of genes coding for chaperones and other folding-assisting proteins (e.g., Kar2p, Pdi1, Ero1p) via the transcription activator Hac1p. Unfolded/misfolded proteins that cannot be repaired are degraded via the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, which decreases productivity. Co-expression of selected UPR genes, along with the recombinant gene of interest, is a common approach to enhance the production of properly folded, secreted proteins. Such an approach, however, is not always successful and sometimes, protein productivity decreases because of an unbalanced UPR. This review summarizes successful chaperone co-expression strategies in P. pastoris that are specifically related to overproduction of foreign proteins and the UPR. In addition, it illustrates possible negative effects on the cell's physiology and productivity resulting from genetic engineering of the UPR pathway. We have focused on Pichia's potential for commercial production of valuable proteins and we aim to optimize molecular designs so that production strains can be tailored to suit a specific heterologous product. KEY POINTS: • Chaperones co-expressed with recombinant genes affect productivity in P. pastoris. • Enhanced UPR may impair strain physiology and promote protein degradation. • Gene copy number of the target gene and the chaperone determine the secretion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Raschmanová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Astrid Weninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Zdeněk Knejzlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Melzoch
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Kovar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Wädenswil, Switzerland
- daspool Association, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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23
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Established tools and emerging trends for the production of recombinant proteins and metabolites in Pichia pastoris. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:293-307. [PMID: 33956085 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Besides bakers' yeast, the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii (also known as Pichia pastoris) has been developed into the most popular yeast cell factory for the production of heterologous proteins. Strong promoters, stable genetic constructs and a growing collection of freely available strains, tools and protocols have boosted this development equally as thorough genetic and cell biological characterization. This review provides an overview of state-of-the-art tools and techniques for working with P. pastoris, as well as guidelines for the production of recombinant proteins with a focus on small-scale production for biochemical studies and protein characterization. The growing applications of P. pastoris for in vivo biotransformation and metabolic pathway engineering for the production of bulk and specialty chemicals are highlighted as well.
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Patra P, Das M, Kundu P, Ghosh A. Recent advances in systems and synthetic biology approaches for developing novel cell-factories in non-conventional yeasts. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 47:107695. [PMID: 33465474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microbial bioproduction of chemicals, proteins, and primary metabolites from cheap carbon sources is currently an advancing area in industrial research. The model yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a well-established biorefinery host that has been used extensively for commercial manufacturing of bioethanol from myriad carbon sources. However, its Crabtree-positive nature often limits the use of this organism for the biosynthesis of commercial molecules that do not belong in the fermentative pathway. To avoid extensive strain engineering of S. cerevisiae for the production of metabolites other than ethanol, non-conventional yeasts can be selected as hosts based on their natural capacity to produce desired commodity chemicals. Non-conventional yeasts like Kluyveromyces marxianus, K. lactis, Yarrowia lipolytica, Pichia pastoris, Scheffersomyces stipitis, Hansenula polymorpha, and Rhodotorula toruloides have been considered as potential industrial eukaryotic hosts owing to their desirable phenotypes such as thermotolerance, assimilation of a wide range of carbon sources, as well as ability to secrete high titers of protein and lipid. However, the advanced metabolic engineering efforts in these organisms are still lacking due to the limited availability of systems and synthetic biology methods like in silico models, well-characterised genetic parts, and optimized genome engineering tools. This review provides an insight into the recent advances and challenges of systems and synthetic biology as well as metabolic engineering endeavours towards the commercial usage of non-conventional yeasts. Particularly, the approaches in emerging non-conventional yeasts for the production of enzymes, therapeutic proteins, lipids, and metabolites for commercial applications are extensively discussed here. Various attempts to address current limitations in designing novel cell factories have been highlighted that include the advances in the fields of genome-scale metabolic model reconstruction, flux balance analysis, 'omics'-data integration into models, genome-editing toolkit development, and rewiring of cellular metabolisms for desired chemical production. Additionally, the understanding of metabolic networks using 13C-labelling experiments as well as the utilization of metabolomics in deciphering intracellular fluxes and reactions have also been discussed here. Application of cutting-edge nuclease-based genome editing platforms like CRISPR/Cas9, and its optimization towards efficient strain engineering in non-conventional yeasts have also been described. Additionally, the impact of the advances in promising non-conventional yeasts for efficient commercial molecule synthesis has been meticulously reviewed. In the future, a cohesive approach involving systems and synthetic biology will help in widening the horizon of the use of unexplored non-conventional yeast species towards industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Patra
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Manali Das
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Pritam Kundu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Amit Ghosh
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; P.K. Sinha Centre for Bioenergy and Renewables, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
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25
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LUKIN A. On the possibility of obtaining high-quality lyophilized collagen hydrolysate and its applicability in the sausage production. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.19719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Le HHM, Vang D, Amer N, Vue T, Yee C, Kaou H, Harrison JS, Xiao N, Lin-Cereghino J, Lin-Cereghino GP, Thor D. Enhancement of cell proliferation and motility of mammalian cells grown in co-culture with Pichia pastoris expressing recombinant human FGF-2. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 176:105724. [PMID: 32846209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many studies examining the biological function of recombinant proteins and their effects on the physiology of mammalian cells stipulate that the proteins be purified before being used as therapeutic agents. In this study, we explored the possibility of using unpurified recombinant proteins to treat mammalian cells. The recombinant protein was used directly from the expression source and the biological function was compared to purified commercially available, equivalent protein. The model for this purpose was recombinant FGF-2, expressed by Pichia pastoris, which was used to treat the murine fibroblast cell line, NIH/3T3. We generated a P. pastoris strain (yHL11) that constitutively secreted a biologically active recombinant FGF-2 protein containing an N-terminal c-myc epitope (Myc-FGF-2). Myc-FGF-2 was then used without purification either a) in the form of conditioned mammalian cell culture medium or b) during co-cultures of yHL11 with NIH/3T3 to induce higher proliferation and motility of NIH/3T3 cells. The effects of Myc-FGF-2 on cell physiology were comparable to commercially available FGF-2. To our knowledge, this is the first time the physiology of cultured mammalian cells had been successfully altered with a recombinant protein secreted by P. pastoris while the two species shared the same medium and culture conditions. Our data demonstrated the biological activity of unpurified recombinant FGF-2 on NIH/3T3 cells and provided a foundation for directly using unpurified recombinant proteins expressed by P. pastoris with mammalian cells, potentially as wound-healing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Hieu M Le
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - David Vang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nadia Amer
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Tou Vue
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Colwin Yee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Hyam Kaou
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Joseph S Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Science, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joan Lin-Cereghino
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Geoff P Lin-Cereghino
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Der Thor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Suleimanova A, Bulmakova D, Sharipova M. Heterologous Expression of Histidine Acid Phytase From Pantoea sp. 3.5.1 in Methylotrophic Yeast Pichia Pastoris. Open Microbiol J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285802014010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective:The major storage form of phosphorus in plant-derived feed is presented by phytates and not digested by animals. Phytases are able to hydrolyze phytates and successfully used as feed additives. Nevertheless, nowadays, there is a constant search of new phytases and expression systems for better production of these enzymes. In this study, we describe cloning and expression of gene encoding histidine acid phytase fromPantoeasp. 3.5.1 using methylotrophic yeastPichia pastorisas the host.Methods:The phytase gene was placed under the control of the methanol-inducible AOX1 promoter and expressed inP. pastoris. Experiments of small-scale phytase expression and activity assays were used to test recombinant colonies. Four different signal peptides were screened for better secretion of phytase byP. pastoris. After 36 h of methanol induction in shake flasks, the maximum extracellular phytase activity (3.2 U/ml) was observed inP. pastorisstrain with integrated construct based on pPINK-HC vector andKluyveromyces maxianusinulinase gene signal sequence. This phytase was isolated and purified using affinity chromatography.Results:Recombinant phytase was a glycosylated protein, had a molecular weight of around 90 kDa and showed maximum activity at pH 4.0 and at 50°C. Recombinant phytase had excellent thermal stability – it retained high residual activity (100% ± 2%) after 1 hour of heat treatment at 70°C.Conclusion:The enhanced thermostability of the recombinant phytase, its expression provided by strong inducible promotor and the effectively designed expression cassette, the simple purification procedure of the secreted enzyme, and the possibility of large-scale expression make the foundation for further production of this bacterial phytase inP. pastorisat an industrial scale.
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Expression and Characterization of an Alginate Lyase and Its Thermostable Mutant in Pichia pastoris. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060305. [PMID: 32545157 PMCID: PMC7345639 DOI: 10.3390/md18060305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in algae. Alginate lyase degrades alginate through a β-elimination mechanism to produce alginate oligosaccharides with special bioactivities. Improving enzyme activity and thermal stability can promote the application of alginate lyase in the industrial preparation of alginate oligosaccharides. In this study, the recombinant alginate lyase cAlyM and its thermostable mutant 102C300C were expressed and characterized in Pichia pastoris. The specific activities of cAlyM and 102C300C were 277.1 U/mg and 249.6 U/mg, respectively. Both enzymes showed maximal activity at 50 °C and pH 8.0 and polyG preference. The half-life values of 102C300C at 45 °C and 50 °C were 2.6 times and 11.7 times the values of cAlyM, respectively. The degradation products of 102C300C with a lower degree of polymerization contained more guluronate. The oligosaccharides with a polymerization degree of 2–4 were the final hydrolytic products. Therefore, 102C300C is potentially valuable in the production of alginate oligosaccharides with specific M/G ratio and molecular weights.
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LUKIN A. Application and comparison of proteolytic enzyme preparations in technology of protein hydrolyzates. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.09319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr LUKIN
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “South Ural State University (national research university)”, Russia
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30
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Liu X, Jiang Z, Ma S, Yan Q, Chen Z, Liu H. High-level production and characterization of a novel β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Aspergillus awamori and its potential application in the brewing industry. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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31
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Guyot L, Hartmann L, Mohammed-Bouteben S, Caro L, Wagner R. Preparation of Recombinant Membrane Proteins from Pichia pastoris for Molecular Investigations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 100:e104. [PMID: 32289210 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is a eukaryotic microorganism reputed for its ability to mass-produce recombinant proteins, including integral membrane proteins, for various applications. This article details a series of protocols that progress towards the production of integral membrane proteins, their extraction and purification in the presence of detergents, and their eventual reconstitution in lipid nanoparticles. These basic procedures can be further optimized to provide integral membrane protein samples that are compatible with a number of structural and/or functional investigations at the molecular level. Each protocol provides general guidelines, technical hints, and specific recommendations, and is illustrated with case studies corresponding to several representative mammalian proteins. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Production of membrane proteins in a P. pastoris recombinant clone using methanol induction Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of whole-membrane fractions Alternate Protocol 1: Preparation of yeast protoplasts Basic Protocol 3: Extraction of membrane proteins from whole-membrane fractions Basic Protocol 4: Purification of membrane proteins Alternate Protocol 2: Purification of membrane proteins from yeast protoplasts Alternate Protocol 3: Simultaneous protoplast preparation and membrane solubilization for purification of membrane proteins Basic Protocol 5: Reconstitution of detergent-purified membrane proteins in lipid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Guyot
- IMPReSs Facility, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling UMR 7242, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, Cedex, France.,NovAliX, Illkirch, France
| | - Lucie Hartmann
- IMPReSs Facility, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling UMR 7242, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Mohammed-Bouteben
- IMPReSs Facility, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling UMR 7242, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - Lydia Caro
- IMPReSs Facility, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling UMR 7242, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Wagner
- IMPReSs Facility, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling UMR 7242, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, Cedex, France
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Chen G, Hu Q, Shu H, Wang L, Cui X, Han J, Bashir K, Luo Z, Chang C, Fu Q. Fluorescent biosensor based on magnetic cross-linking enzyme aggregates/CdTe quantum dots for the detection of H 2O 2-bioprecursors. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03761c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent sensing system for H2O2-bioprecursors based on CdTe quantum dots and magnetic cross-linking enzyme aggregates was designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoning Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Qianqian Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Hua Shu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Xia Cui
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Jili Han
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Kamran Bashir
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Zhimin Luo
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Chun Chang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
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González M, Brito N, Hernández‐Bolaños E, González C. New tools for high-throughput expression of fungal secretory proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1139-1153. [PMID: 30289201 PMCID: PMC6801181 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterologous protein expression in yeast, mostly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, is a well-established and widely used technique. It typically requires the construction of an expression vector in Escherichia coli containing the foreign gene and its subsequent transformation into yeast. Although simple, this procedure has important limitations for the expression of large numbers of proteins, that is, for the generation of protein libraries. We describe here the development of a novel system for the easy and fast expression of heterologous proteins both in S. cerevisiae and in P. pastoris, under the control of the GAL1 and AOX1 promoters respectively. Expression in S. cerevisiae requires only the transformation of yeast cells with an unpurified PCR product carrying the gene to be expressed, and the expression of the same gene in P. pastoris requires only the isolation of the plasmid generated in S. cerevisiae and its transformation into this second yeast, thus making this system suitable for high-throughput projects. The system has been tested by the extracellular expression of 30 secretory fungal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario González
- Departamento de BioquímicaMicrobiología, Biología Celular y GenéticaUniversidad de La Laguna38206La Laguna (Tenerife)Spain
| | - Nélida Brito
- Departamento de BioquímicaMicrobiología, Biología Celular y GenéticaUniversidad de La Laguna38206La Laguna (Tenerife)Spain
| | - Eduardo Hernández‐Bolaños
- Departamento de BioquímicaMicrobiología, Biología Celular y GenéticaUniversidad de La Laguna38206La Laguna (Tenerife)Spain
| | - Celedonio González
- Departamento de BioquímicaMicrobiología, Biología Celular y GenéticaUniversidad de La Laguna38206La Laguna (Tenerife)Spain
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Ouephanit C, Boonvitthya N, Bozonnet S, Chulalaksananukul W. High-Level Heterologous Expression of Endo-1,4-β-Xylanase from Penicillium citrinum in Pichia pastoris X-33 Directed through Codon Optimization and Optimized Expression. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193515. [PMID: 31569777 PMCID: PMC6804294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most common industrial xylanases are produced from filamentous fungi. In this study, the codon-optimized xynA gene encoding xylanase A from the fungus Penicilium citrinum was successfully synthesized and expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The levels of secreted enzyme activity under the control of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (PGAP) and alcohol oxidase 1 (PAOX1) promoters were compared. The Pc Xyn11A was produced as a soluble protein and the total xylanase activity under the control of PGAP and PAOX1 was 34- and 193-fold, respectively, higher than that produced by the native strain of P. citrinum. The Pc Xyn11A produced under the control of the PAOX1 reached a maximum activity of 676 U/mL when induced with 1% (v/v) methanol every 24 h for 5 days. The xylanase was purified by ion exchange chromatography and then characterized. The enzyme was optimally active at 55 °C and pH 5.0 but stable over a broad pH range (3.0–9.0), retaining more than 80% of the original activity after 24 h or after pre-incubation at 40 °C for 1 h. With birchwood xylan as a substrate, Pc Xyn11A showed a Km(app) of 2.8 mg/mL, and a kcat of 243 s−1. The high level of secretion of Pc Xyn11A and its stability over a wide range of pH and moderate temperatures could make it useful for a variety of biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanika Ouephanit
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Biofuels by Biocatalysts Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | | | - Sophie Bozonnet
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France.
| | - Warawut Chulalaksananukul
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Biofuels by Biocatalysts Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Optimization of medium composition for production of chitin-glucan complex and mannose-containing polysaccharides by the yeast Komagataella pastoris. J Biotechnol 2019; 303:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yu Y, Liu Z, Chen M, Yang M, Li L, Mou H. Enhancing the expression of recombinant κ-carrageenase in Pichia pastoris using dual promoters, co-expressing chaperones and transcription factors. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2019.1655001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhemin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Duan X, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Yan Q, Xiang M, Yang S. High-level expression of codon-optimized Thielavia terrestris cutinase suitable for ester biosynthesis and biodegradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:768-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhu T, Sun H, Wang M, Li Y. Pichia pastoris
as a Versatile Cell Factory for the Production of Industrial Enzymes and Chemicals: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800694. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taicheng Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Microbial ResourcesInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin 300308 China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Microbial ResourcesInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 China
| | - Yin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Microbial ResourcesInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 P. R. China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin 300308 China
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Zhang J, Zhao Y, Li M, Liu T. Optimization of defined medium for recombinant Komagataella phaffii expressing cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2867. [PMID: 31187591 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is an important enzyme for cyclodextrin (CD) production, and is also widely used in the biotechnology, food, and pharmaceuticals industries. Secretory CGTase production by recombinant Komagataella phaffii using defined medium is a promising approach because of low cost, less impurity protein. It was found that no CGTase was expressed using traditional defined medium (basal salt medium [BSM]) because of pH value decreasing significantly. CGTase was expressed by recombinant K. phaffii through pH maintenance in range of 5.5-7.0. β-CGTase activity increased to 122.0 U/mL after optimization of glycerol, phosphate buffer, pH value, ammonium sulfate, temperature, methanol, and additives based on BSM, establishing a modified defined medium. These results showed that it was necessary to establish recombinant K. phaffii-based special defined medium although the same host cell used for different heterologous protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengla Li
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Taiyu Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Mannazzu I, Domizio P, Carboni G, Zara S, Zara G, Comitini F, Budroni M, Ciani M. Yeast killer toxins: from ecological significance to application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:603-617. [PMID: 31023102 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1601679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Killer toxins are proteins that are often glycosylated and bind to specific receptors on the surface of their target microorganism, which is then killed through a target-specific mode of action. The killer phenotype is widespread among yeast and about 100 yeast killer species have been described to date. The spectrum of action of the killer toxins they produce targets spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, they have potential as natural antimicrobials in food and for biological control of plant pathogens, as well as therapeutic agents against animal and human infections. In spite of this wide range of possible applications, their exploitation on the industrial level is still in its infancy. Here, we initially briefly report on the biodiversity of killer toxins and the ecological significance of their production. Their actual and possible applications in the agro-food industry are discussed, together with recent advances in their heterologous production and the manipulation for development of peptide-based therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Mannazzu
- a Department of Agriculture , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Paola Domizio
- b Department of Agricultural , Food and Forestry Systems (GESAAF) , Firenze , Italy
| | - Gavino Carboni
- a Department of Agriculture , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Severino Zara
- a Department of Agriculture , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Giacomo Zara
- a Department of Agriculture , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Francesca Comitini
- c Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Marilena Budroni
- a Department of Agriculture , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Maurizio Ciani
- c Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
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Muñoz MAM, Jáuregui Rincón J, Carreón LS, Chávez Vela NA. Dextranase production by recombinant Pichia pastoris under operational volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) and volumetric gassed power input (Pg/V) attainable at commercial large scale. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:606-615. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1591992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Marín Muñoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Juan Jáuregui Rincón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Leobardo Serrano Carreón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Norma Angélica Chávez Vela
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
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Efficient Expression of Xylanase by Codon Optimization and Its Effects on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9020065. [PMID: 30791602 PMCID: PMC6406647 DOI: 10.3390/ani9020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this work was to combine xylanase expression and broiler production. The xylanase (XynB) gene from Trichoderma reesei was optimized to increase its expression level in Pichia pastoris. The maximum activity of xylanase (optiXynB) secreted by P. pastoris pPICZaA-optiXynB was 1299 U/mL after 96 h induction. The recombinase was highly specific towards birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and oat-spelt xylan. Dietary 1000 and 1500 IU/kg optiXynB significantly increased (p < 0.05) final weight and body weight gain; dietary 500, 1000, and 1500 IU/kg optiXynB significantly increased (p < 0.05) pre-evisceration weight, dressed percentage, and eviscerated weight compared with the control group. Results suggested that the optiXynB from P. pastoris pPICZaA-optiXynB has great application in broiler production. Abstract The aim of the present study was to improve the expression level of Trichoderma reesei xylanase (XynB) in Pichia pastoris through a codon optimization strategy and evaluate its effects on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler. According to the codon bias of Pichia genome, the XynB gene from T. reesei was optimized and synthesized by whole gene assembly to improve its expression level in P. pastoris. Approximately 180 target mutations were successfully introduced into natural XynB. The maximum activity of xylanase (optiXynB) secreted by P. pastoris pPICZaA-optiXynB was 1299 U/mL after 96 h induction. Purified recombinant optiXynB had the molecular weight of 24 kDa. The optiXynB presented highest activity in pH 5.0 and 50 °C. The recombinase was highly specific towards birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and oat-spelt xylan. In the broiler experiment, a total of 200 Arbor Acre broilers (one day old) were randomly allocated into four groups fed with basal diets containing 0 (control group), 500, 1000, and 1500 IU/kg optiXynB. Dietary 1000 and 1500 IU/kg optiXynB significantly increased (p < 0.05) final weight and body weight gain; dietary 500, 1000, and 1500 IU/kg optiXynB significantly increased (p < 0.05) pre-evisceration weight, dressed percentage, and eviscerated weight compared with the control group. Inclusion of optiXynB in broiler diets linearly increased final weight, body weight gain, breast muscle weight and leg muscle weight, but linearly decreased feed conversion rate (p < 0.05). Furthermore, inclusion of optiXynB in broiler diets linearly and quadratically increased pre-evisceration weight, dressed percentage, and eviscerated weight (p < 0.05). The recombinant optiXynB from P. pastoris pPICZaA-optiXynB was beneficial in improving growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers.
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Cámara E, Monforte S, Albiol J, Ferrer P. Deregulation of methanol metabolism reverts transcriptional limitations of recombinant Pichia pastoris (Komagataella spp) with multiple expression cassettes under control of the AOX1 promoter. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1710-1720. [PMID: 30712270 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The methanol-regulated alcohol oxidase promoter (PAOX1 ) of Pichia pastoris (syn. Komagataella spp. ) is one of the strongest promoters for heterologous gene expression. Although increasing the gene dosage is a common strategy to improve recombinant protein productivities, P. pastoris strains harboring more than two copies of a Rhizopus oryzae lipase gene (ROL) have previously shown a decrease in cell growth, lipase production, and substrate consumption, as well as a significant transcriptional downregulation of methanol metabolism. This pointed to a potential titration effect of key transcriptional factors methanol expression regulator 1 (Mxr1) and methanol-induced transcription factor (Mit1) regulating methanol metabolism caused by the insertion of multiple expression vectors. To prove this hypothesis, a set of strains carrying one and four copies of ROL (1C and 4C, respectively) were engineered to coexpress one or two copies of MXR1*, coding for an Mxr1 variant insensitive to repression by 14-3-3 regulatory proteins, or one copy of MIT1. Small-scale cultures revealed that growth, Rol productivity, and methanol consumption were improved in the 4C-MXR1* and 4C-MIT1, strains growing on methanol as a sole carbon source, whereas only a slight increase in productivity was observed for re-engineered 1C strains. We further verified the improved performance of these strains in glycerol-/methanol-limited chemostat cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cámara
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergi Monforte
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Albiol
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pau Ferrer
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Cloete WJ, Hayward S, Swart P, Klumperman B. Degradation of Proteins and Starch by Combined Immobilization of Protease, α-Amylase and β-Galactosidase on a Single Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030508. [PMID: 30708952 PMCID: PMC6384644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two commercially available enzymes, Dextrozyme (α-amylase) and Esperase (protease), were covalently immobilized on non-woven electrospun poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) nanofiber mats with partial retention of their catalytic activity. Immobilization was achieved for the enzymes on their own as well as in different combinations with an additional enzyme, β-galactosidase, on the same non-woven nanofiber mat. This experiment yielded a universal method for immobilizing different combinations of enzymes with nanofibrous mats containing maleic anhydride (MAnh) residues in the polymer backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Cloete
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Stefan Hayward
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Pieter Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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Parashar D, Satyanarayana T. An Insight Into Ameliorating Production, Catalytic Efficiency, Thermostability and Starch Saccharification of Acid-Stable α-Amylases From Acidophiles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:125. [PMID: 30324103 PMCID: PMC6172347 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the extracellular enzymes of acidophilic bacteria and archaea are stable at acidic pH with a relatively high thermostability. There is, however, a dearth of information on their acid stability. Although several theories have been postulated, the adaptation of acidophilic proteins to low pH has not been explained convincingly. This review highlights recent developments in understanding the structure and biochemical characteristics, and production of acid-stable and calcium-independent α-amylases by acidophilic bacteria with special reference to that of Bacillus acidicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Parashar
- Functional Genomic Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulasi Satyanarayana
- Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
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A Stable, Autonomously Replicating Plasmid Vector Containing Pichia pastoris Centromeric DNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02882-17. [PMID: 29802190 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02882-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is widely used to produce recombinant proteins, taking advantage of this species' high-density cell growth and strong ability to secrete proteins. Circular plasmids containing the P. pastoris-specific autonomously replicating sequence (PARS1) permit transformation of P. pastoris with higher efficiency than obtained following chromosomal integration by linearized DNA. Unfortunately, however, existing autonomously replicating plasmids are known to be inherently unstable. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data and genome sequence information to independently identify, on each of the four chromosomes, centromeric DNA sequences consisting of long inverted repeat sequences. By examining the chromosome 2 centromeric DNA sequence (Cen2) in detail, we demonstrate that an ∼111-bp region located at one end of the putative centromeric sequence had autonomous replication activity. In addition, the full-length Cen2 sequence, which contains two long inverted repeat sequences and a nonrepetitive central core region, is needed for the accurate replication and distribution of plasmids in P. pastoris Thus, we constructed a new, stable, autonomously replicating plasmid vector that harbors the entire Cen2 sequence; this episome facilitates genetic manipulation in P. pastoris, providing high transformation efficiency and plasmid stability.IMPORTANCE Secretory production of recombinant proteins is the most important application of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, a species that permits mass production of heterologous proteins. To date, the genetic engineering of P. pastoris has relied largely on integrative vectors due to the lack of user-friendly tools. Autonomously replicating Pichia plasmids are expected to facilitate genetic manipulation; however, the existing systems, which use autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) such as the P. pastoris-specific ARS (PARS1), are known to be inherently unstable for plasmid replication and distribution. Recently, the centromeric DNA sequences of P. pastoris were identified in back-to-back studies published by several groups; therefore, a new episomal plasmid vector with centromere DNA as a tool for genetic manipulation of P. pastoris is ready to be developed.
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Improved microscale cultivation of Pichia pastoris for clonal screening. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2018; 5:8. [PMID: 29750118 PMCID: PMC5932850 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-018-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expanding the application of technical enzymes, e.g., in industry and agriculture, commands the acceleration and cost-reduction of bioprocess development. Microplates and shake flasks are massively employed during screenings and early phases of bioprocess development, although major drawbacks such as low oxygen transfer rates are well documented. In recent years, miniaturization and parallelization of stirred and shaken bioreactor concepts have led to the development of novel microbioreactor concepts. They combine high cultivation throughput with reproducibility and scalability, and represent promising tools for bioprocess development. Results Parallelized microplate cultivation of the eukaryotic protein production host Pichia pastoris was applied effectively to support miniaturized phenotyping of clonal libraries in batch as well as fed-batch mode. By tailoring a chemically defined growth medium, we show that growth conditions are scalable from microliter to 0.8 L lab-scale bioreactor batch cultivation with different carbon sources. Thus, the set-up allows for a rapid physiological comparison and preselection of promising clones based on online data and simple offline analytics. This is exemplified by screening a clonal library of P. pastoris constitutively expressing AppA phytase from Escherichia coli. The protocol was further modified to establish carbon-limited conditions by employing enzymatic substrate-release to achieve screening conditions relevant for later protein production processes in fed-batch mode. Conclusion The comparison of clonal rankings under batch and fed-batch-like conditions emphasizes the necessity to perform screenings under process-relevant conditions. Increased biomass and product concentrations achieved after fed-batch microscale cultivation facilitates the selection of top producers. By reducing the demand to conduct laborious and cost-intensive lab-scale bioreactor cultivations during process development, this study will contribute to an accelerated development of protein production processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40694-018-0053-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Inorganic polyphosphate in methylotrophic yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5235-5244. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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de Queiroz Brito Cunha CC, Gama AR, Cintra LC, Bataus LAM, Ulhoa CJ. Improvement of bread making quality by supplementation with a recombinant xylanase produced by Pichia pastoris. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192996. [PMID: 29481569 PMCID: PMC5826528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are hydrolytic enzymes, which randomly cleave the β-1,4-linked xylose residues from xylan. The synthetic gene xynBS27 from Streptomyces sp. S27 was successfully cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The full-length gene consists of 729 bp and encodes 243 amino acids including 51 residues of a putative signal peptide. This enzyme was purified in two steps and was shown to have a molecular weight of 20 kDa. The purified r-XynBS27 was active against beechwood xylan and oat spelt xylan as expected for GH 11 family. The optimum pH and temperature values for the enzyme were 6.0 and 75 °C, respectively. The Km and Vmax were 12.38 mg/mL and 13.68 μmol min/mg, respectively. The r-XynBS27 showed high xylose tolerance and was inhibited by some metal ions and by SDS. r-XynBS27 was employed as an additive in the bread making process. A decrease in firmness, stiffness and consistency, and improvements in specific volume and reducing sugar content were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorena Cardoso Cintra
- Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Cirano José Ulhoa
- Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
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Chesini M, Wagner E, Baruque DJ, Vita CE, Cavalitto SF, Ghiringhelli PD, Rojas NL. High level production of a recombinant acid stable exoinulinase from Aspergillus kawachii. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 147:29-37. [PMID: 29454668 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exoinulinases-enzymes extensively studied in recent decades because of their industrial applications-need to be produced in suitable quantities in order to meet production demands. We describe here the production of an acid-stable recombinant inulinase from Aspergillus kawachii in the Pichia pastoris system and the recombinant enzyme's biochemical characteristics and potential application to industrial processes. After an appropriate cloning strategy, this genetically engineered inulinase was successfully overproduced in fed-batch fermentations, reaching up to 840 U/ml after a 72-h cultivation. The protein, purified to homogeneity by chromatographic techniques, was obtained at a 42% yield. The following biochemical characteristics were determined: the enzyme had an optimal pH of 3, was stable for at least 3 h at 55 °C, and was inhibited in catalytic activity almost completely by Hg+2. The respective Km and Vmax for the recombinant inulinase with inulin as substrate were 1.35 mM and 2673 μmol/min/mg. The recombinant enzyme is an exoinulinase but also possesses synthetic activity (i. e., fructosyl transferase). The high level of production of this recombinant plus its relevant biochemical properties would argue that the process presented here is a possible recourse for industrial applications in carbohydrate processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Chesini
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, Calle 50 Nº 227, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Evelyn Wagner
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, IMBA, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
| | - Diego J Baruque
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, IMBA, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
| | - Carolina E Vita
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, Calle 50 Nº 227, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Sebastián F Cavalitto
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, Calle 50 Nº 227, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Ghiringhelli
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, IMBA, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
| | - Natalia L Rojas
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, IMBA, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
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