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Fong TCT, Chang K, Ho RTH, Chio FHN, Yip PSF, Wen M. Psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and situational impact: A network analysis in Hong Kong residents. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:152-160. [PMID: 38945403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had situational impacts and induced various psychological responses among residents. The present study aims to analyze the network structure of psychological responses to the pandemic and their relationships with situational impact, resilience, and well-being through a network approach. METHODS An online survey recruited 1122 residents (mean age = 32.5 years, 65.4 % female) in Hong Kong from October 2020 to October 2021. The participants completed the Mental Impact and Distress Scale: Psychological Response (MIDc-PR) and other validated measures. Gaussian graphical modeling was conducted in R to identify the central MIDc-PR symptoms and their bridge linkages with situational impact, resilience, and well-being. RESULTS In the MIDc-PR network, the central symptoms were 'Routine' and 'Images' for Anticipation and 'Tense' and 'Lonely' for Modulation, with 12 bridge edges between the two clusters. In the combined network, the MIDc-PR nodes showed 12 bridge edges with situational impact, particularly in the health domain. 'Concerned', 'Sleep', and 'Lonely' showed negative linkages with resilience; 'Unmotivated' and 'Trapped' showed negative linkages with well-being. The network models showed good levels of stability and did not differ significantly in network structure and global strength across gender and age groups. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional study design only allowed undirected associations in the network and could not model the within-subject effects. CONCLUSIONS The study findings contributed to the literature by elucidating the network structure of psychological responses to the pandemic. The central and bridge symptoms have clinical implications as potential targets for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted C T Fong
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Kay Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Macao, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Rainbow T H Ho
- Centre on Behavioral Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Social Work & Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Floria H N Chio
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paul S F Yip
- HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Sociology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
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Gazik AB, Vagharseyyedin SA, Saremi Z, Shafiee F. Severity of Pain Catastrophizing and Its Associations With Cognitive Flexibility and Self-Efficacy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Musculoskeletal Care 2024; 22:e1923. [PMID: 39095941 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain catastrophizing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis exacerbates negative pain-related outcomes, such as anxiety, depression, and pain intensity. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the severity of pain catastrophizing and the factors contributing to it among these patients. The present study aimed to assess the severity of pain catastrophizing and its association with cognitive flexibility and self-efficacy in a sample of Iranian patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS A descriptive correlational study was conducted on 220 rheumatoid patients referred to a rheumatology clinic affiliated with Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. The instruments used to collect data included a demographic form, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale. The data were analysed using SPSS version 24. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 53.25 ± 12.41 years, and the mean duration of their disease was 6.63 ± 3.39 years. The majority of participants, specifically 61.8%, reported high levels of pain catastrophizing. An inverse and significant correlation was found between pain catastrophizing and cognitive flexibility (p < 0.001). Likewise, pain catastrophizing exhibited an inverse and significant correlation with self-efficacy and all its dimensions (p < 0.001). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that the final significant predictors of pain catastrophizing were cognitive flexibility (β = -0.34, p < 0.001) and self-efficacy (β = -0.53, p < 0.001). These predictors were found to significantly explain 51% of the variance in catastrophizing. CONCLUSIONS Through psychosocial interventions aimed at enhancing pain self-efficacy and cognitive flexibility, healthcare providers can hope to reduce pain catastrophizing and its adverse effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bavali Gazik
- Student Research and Technology Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Saremi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shafiee
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Nursing, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Raasthøj I, Jarbøl DE, Rasmussen S, Wehberg S, Sætre LMS, Rosendal M, Carstensen TBW. Multiple physical symptoms and coping strategies over the last decade - Knowledge from two Danish population-based cross-sectional studies in 2012 and 2022. J Psychosom Res 2024; 184:111832. [PMID: 38936009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of multiple physical symptoms, coping scores, and associations between multiple physical symptoms and coping in two population-based surveys within a 10-year interval. METHODS A nationwide study on symptoms and healthcare-seeking, the Danish Symptom Cohort, was carried out in 2012 and repeated in 2022. For each survey, 100,000 randomly selected individuals were invited, and individuals aged 20-64 years were eligible for inclusion. Multiple physical symptoms were identified using the 25-item Bodily Distress Syndrome checklist, and coping was assessed with the Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire. Statistical analyses included multinomial and logistic regressions. RESULTS A total of 35,877 were included in 2012 and 18,330 in 2022. Overall, 35.1% reported multiple physical symptoms in 2022 compared with 23.8% in 2012. The mean sum score for approach was lower in 2022 than in 2012 with a statistically significant mean difference of -1.27 (Cohen's d = -0.34), while diversion and resignation scores were significantly higher in 2022 with mean differences of 0.34 (Cohen's d = 0.11) and 0.52 (Cohen's d = 0.17), respectively. Regression analyses showed that lower approach scores and higher diversion and resignation scores were associated with an increased probability of having multiple physical symptoms in 2022, thereby confirming the results from 2012. CONCLUSION Over the decade, symptom reporting may have increased while coping strategies may have changed towards a slightly higher use of avoidance and lower use of approach. It seems relevant to identify modifiable contributing factors in society to prevent an acceleration of symptom reporting and avoidant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Raasthøj
- The Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Dorte Ejg Jarbøl
- The Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Sanne Rasmussen
- The Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Sonja Wehberg
- The Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Lisa Maria Sele Sætre
- The Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Marianne Rosendal
- The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; The Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Tina Birgitte Wisbech Carstensen
- The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Chang OD, Ward KP, Lee SJ. Examining Coping Strategies and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence for the Protective Role of Problem-Focused Coping. HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2024; 49:175-184. [PMID: 38878189 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, studies documented a marked decline in mental health and well-being when compared with prepandemic levels. This study examined how different coping styles were associated with anxiety, depression, and sleep problems among U.S. adults March-April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from 535 U.S. adults across three time points were analyzed using longitudinal multilevel logistic and linear regression modeling. Avoidant-emotional coping was associated with greater odds of experiencing anxiety (OR = 1.65, p < .001). Both avoidant- and active-emotional coping were associated with greater odds of experiencing depression (OR = 1.67, p < .001, and OR = 1.09, p = .022, respectively) and sleep problems (b = 0.05, p < .001, and b = 0.01, p = .005, respectively). Alternatively, problem-focused coping was associated with lower odds of depression (OR = 0.86, p < .001). Results converge with previous evidence suggesting the perniciousness of avoidant-emotional coping during the pandemic, but also underscore that problem-focused coping strategies may represent one important source of resilience for adults to adapt despite such challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia D Chang
- Olivia D. Chang, MSW, LLMSW, is a doctoral student, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kaitlin P Ward
- Kaitlin P. Ward, PhD, LCSW, is research affiliate, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shawna J Lee
- Shawna J. Lee, PhD, is professor, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Baek EM, Jung HS, Kwon S, Hwang JH, Park JY. Effects of perceived risk of COVID-19 on fear among visiting workers: Mediating role of perceived stress. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38594. [PMID: 39058863 PMCID: PMC11272249 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With the creation of a social distancing policy due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), home visit workers are under mental stress as they are treated as the source of infection for COVID-19. Since door-to-door rental equipment examiners and gas inspectors must perform their duties even in the COVID-19 situation, they are being discriminated against so severely. The purpose of study was to examine the mediating role of perceived stress on the relationship between risk perception and fear. Data was collected data through labor unions among 275 home visiting workers who examine rental home appliance equipment or inspecting gas. On-line survey was conducted to assess COVID-19 risk perception, fear, perceived stress, and demographic characteristics. The data was analyzed using PROCESS Macro (Model 4). The results of the study showed that stress plays an important role in increasing COVID-19 fears when COVID-19 risk perception increases. Meanwhile, it was found that COVID-19 fear decreased when the level of perceived stress decreased. To reduce the impact of COVID-19 risk perception on COVID-19 fears, appropriate educational programs to reduce stress should be developed for home visit workers. Policymakers need to develop online or mobile Infectious disease education programs for COVID-19 risk at work and establish policies to apply legal education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Baek
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoung Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jee-Hyun Hwang
- School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Health, Graduate School of The Catholic University of Korea, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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El-Ashry AM, Seweid MM, Ghoneam MA, Abdelaliem SMF, Sabek EM. Resilience in the face of pandemic: exploring the influence of psychological flexibility on turnover intentions and burnout among critical care nurses in COVID-19 hospitals. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:471. [PMID: 38987768 PMCID: PMC11234727 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Assess the levels of psychological flexibility, burnout, and turnover intention among critical care nurses and assess the impact of psychological flexibility on burnout, and turnover intention among critical care nurses. BACKGROUND Burnout and turnover intentions among critical care nurses are rapidly increasing because of the challenges of COVID-19. There is a need for evidence-based interventions like psychological flexibility to be addressed in research to overcome those challenges. METHODS A descriptive correlational research. A convenient sample of 200 critical care nurses working in COVID-19 hospitals from two governorates in Egypt. The sociodemographic and clinical data sheet, the work-related acceptance and action questionnaire, the Copenhagen burnout inventory, and the adopted version of the staff nurses' intention to leave the nursing profession questionnaire were used. RESULTS The majority of critical care nurses reported a moderate level of psychological flexibility (75.5%, Mean = 31.23), a moderate level of burnout (65.5%, Mean = 59.61), and low to moderate levels of intention to leave (73%, Mean = 5.95). Psychological flexibility has a statistically significant negative correlation with burnout (PC = -0.304, Sig = 0.000) and the intention to leave (PC = -0.258, Sig = 0.000). In addition, psychological flexibility has a predictable effect on decreasing burnout (R2 = 0.232) and intention to leave (R2 = 0.127) among critical care nurses. CONCLUSION critical care nurses in COVID-19 hospitals reported varied levels of burnout and an intention to leave that must be considered. The effect of psychological flexibility on burnout and intention to turnover highlighted the importance of improving it among critical care nurses by applying acceptance and commitment therapy as a management intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Mohamed El-Ashry
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Elsayed Mahmoud Sabek
- Faculty of Nursing, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Faculty of Nursing, Beni Suef National University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Paiva T, da Silva AN, Neto DD, Karekla M, Kassianos AP, Gloster A. The Effect of Psychological Flexibility on Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Multiple Mediation Role of Mindfulness and Coping. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:545. [PMID: 39062368 PMCID: PMC11274342 DOI: 10.3390/bs14070545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic involved a complex set of stressors affecting the health and well-being of the population. The understanding of the psychological processes that influence well-being in response to the pandemic and their interrelation is vital. A promising process in understanding the emotional impacts of these stressors is psychological flexibility. This study investigated the effect of psychological flexibility on well-being, both directly and indirectly, via mindfulness and coping strategies. A total of 334 Portuguese adults participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire, including measures of psychological flexibility, well-being, mindfulness, and coping strategies. A multiple mediation model studied whether there are conditional indirect effects of mindfulness and coping strategies on well-being. The results showed statistically significant correlations between psychological flexibility, well-being, mindfulness, and coping strategies. Furthermore, we found that mindfulness and coping strategies partly mediate the relationship between psychological flexibility and well-being. Understanding the processes through which psychological flexibility influences well-being in a stressful context is important in comprehending the processes involved in an emotional reaction to a pandemic-like societal event. Mindfulness and coping are shown to be important processes to consider in understanding this phenomenon and designing future responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Paiva
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana Nunes da Silva
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal;
- CICPSI—Centro de Investigação Em Ciência Psicológica, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Dias Neto
- School of Psychology, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal;
- APPsyCI—Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | | | - Andrew Gloster
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of Lucerne, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland;
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Belcher HL, Evans J, Bond N, Darcy C, Hatch M, Preece G, Wykes T. Views of services users and staff on a combined money advice and psychological therapy service within IAPT. J Ment Health 2024; 33:348-356. [PMID: 35708226 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has indicated that having financial difficulties may increase mental health problems and prevent recovery when receiving psychological treatment. A combined approach within the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service could help clients by tackling their financial difficulties alongside supporting their mental health. AIMS We aimed to explore the experiences and views of a potential combined intervention by speaking to IAPT service users who have/had experiences of money worries, as well as IAPT therapists and Citizen's Advice (CA) money advisers. METHOD We conducted online semi-structured interviews with 16 IAPT service users, 14 IAPT therapists/practitioners, and 6 CA money advisors. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. RESULTS Themes discussed including the impact of money worries and mental health, the benefits of a combined intervention, how and when it should be introduced to clients and delivered, and how information should be shared between the services. It was felt by most participants that such an intervention would improve mental health and provide a more holistic service with a better referral pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a blueprint for a combined money advice and psychological therapy service within IAPT, which both service users and staff identified would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Belcher
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Evans
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Nikki Bond
- The Money and Mental Health Policy Institute, The Policy Institute at King's, London, UK
| | - Conor Darcy
- The Money and Mental Health Policy Institute, The Policy Institute at King's, London, UK
| | | | - Georgia Preece
- The Money and Mental Health Policy Institute, The Policy Institute at King's, London, UK
| | - Til Wykes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
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9
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Ropi I, Lillo M, Malavasi M, Argentieri A, Barbieri A, Lou B, Barbieri DM, Passavanti M. The psychological implications of COVID-19 over the eighteen-month time span following the virus breakout in Italy. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1363922. [PMID: 38774721 PMCID: PMC11106482 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1363922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In a short time, the COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a huge impact on many aspects of people's lives with a number of consequences, an increase in the risks of psychological diseases being one of them. The aim of this experimental study, based on an eighteen-month follow-up survey, is to assess the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular, changes in stress, anxiety and depression levels, and the risks of developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Methods A follow-up survey was performed on a sample of 184 Italian individuals to collect relevant information about the psychological impact of COVID-19. Predictors of the components of the psychological impact were calculated based on the ANCOVA model. Results The analysis of the online questionnaires led to the conclusion that a high percentage of the participants suffer from levels of stress, anxiety and depression higher than normal as well as an increased risk of PTSD. The severity of such disorders significantly depends on gender, the loss of family members or acquaintances due to the pandemic, the amount of time spent searching for COVID-19 related information, the type of information sources and, in part, on the level of education and income. The time factor had a more severe effect on the low-income population. Conclusion COVID-19 has entailed a very strong psychological impact on the Italian population also depending on the coping strategies adopted, the level of mindful awareness, socio-demographic variables, people's habits and the way individuals use the available means of communication and information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margherita Lillo
- Department of Psychology, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matteo Malavasi
- Associazione Nazionale Professionale di Antropologia (ANPIA), Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Argentieri
- Department of Agricultural Economic, Agrarian University of Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Aurora Barbieri
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Baowen Lou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Diego Maria Barbieri
- Department of Built Environment, Oslo Metropolitan University OsloMet, Oslo, Norway
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Selker RJDM, Koppert TY, Houtveen JH, Geenen R. Psychological flexibility in somatic symptom and related disorders: A case control study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:398-404. [PMID: 38603918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
A key diagnostic criterion of Somatic Symptom and related Disorders (SSD) comprises significant distress and excessive time-and-energy consuming thoughts, feelings, and behavior pertaining to somatic symptoms. This diagnostic criterion is lacking in central sensitivity syndromes (CSS), such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome. This strong emphasis on disturbed psychological processing of somatic symptoms, suggests that psychological flexibility is low in SDD. Psychological flexibility is defined as the ability to approach difficult or challenging internal states (thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations) in a non-judgmental, mindful way, and being committed to pursue one's values. To clarify the potential significance of psychological flexibility in SSD, we examined its levels in 154 people referred to specialized treatment for SDD, as compared to reference groups from the general population encompassing 597 people with CSS and 1422 people without SSD or CSS (controls). Mean levels of psychological flexibility (adjusted for demographic covariates) were lowest for SSD and highest for controls (F = 154.5, p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.13). Percentages of people with low psychological flexibility (<0.8 SD below the mean of controls) were: SSD 74%, CSS 42%, controls 21%. In SSD, higher psychological flexibility was associated with better mental health (β = 0.56, p < 0.001), but interaction analysis rejected that psychological flexibility preserved health when having more severe somatic symptoms (β ≤ 0.08, p ≥ 0.10). The results indicate that lower psychological flexibility is a prevalent problem in SSD that is associated with lower mental health. This suggests that it is worthwhile to take account of psychological flexibility in SSD in screening, monitoring, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- René J D M Selker
- Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine Eikenboom, Voortgang 6, 3705 WD, Zeist, the Netherlands.
| | - Tim Y Koppert
- Institute of Psychology, Bachelor Education Unit, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan H Houtveen
- Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine Eikenboom, Voortgang 6, 3705 WD, Zeist, the Netherlands.
| | - Rinie Geenen
- Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine Eikenboom, Voortgang 6, 3705 WD, Zeist, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Westhoff M, Heshmati S, Siepe B, Vogelbacher C, Ciarrochi J, Hayes SC, Hofmann SG. Psychological flexibility and cognitive-affective processes in young adults' daily lives. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8182. [PMID: 38589553 PMCID: PMC11001944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological flexibility plays a crucial role in how young adults adapt to their evolving cognitive and emotional landscapes. Our study investigated a core aspect of psychological flexibility in young adults: adaptive variability and maladaptive rigidity in the capacity for behavior change. We examined the interplay of these elements with cognitive-affective processes within a dynamic network, uncovering their manifestation in everyday life. Through an Ecological Momentary Assessment design, we collected intensive longitudinal data over 3 weeks from 114 young adults ages 19 to 32. Using a dynamic network approach, we assessed the temporal dynamics and individual variability in flexibility in relation to cognitive-affective processes in this sample. Rigidity exhibited the strongest directed association with other variables in the temporal network as well as highest strength centrality, demonstrating particularly strong associations to other variables in the contemporaneous network. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that rigidity in young adults is associated with negative affect and cognitions at the same time point and the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Westhoff
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schulstraße 12, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Saida Heshmati
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Björn Siepe
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Vogelbacher
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schulstraße 12, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joseph Ciarrochi
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven C Hayes
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schulstraße 12, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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12
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Koppert TY, van Hoek R, Geenen R. Dimensions of psychological flexibility and their significance in people with somatic symptoms: The 18-item Flexibility Index Test (FIT-18). J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241239129. [PMID: 38566361 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241239129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological flexibility has been hypothesized to preserve health in bad times. We examined whether psychological flexibility as assessed with an abbreviated questionnaire, was indicated to preserve mental and physical health when having somatic symptoms. Principal axis factoring indicated that two dimensions best represented the 60-item Flexibility Index Test (FIT-60) questionnaire: "mindfulness and acceptance" (M&A) and "commitment and behavior change" (C&BC). We selected 18 items that best denoted these dimensions (FIT-18 questionnaire). Regression analyses in 2060 Dutch people with and without persistent somatic symptoms, indicated that the M&A dimension (β = 0.33, p < 0.001) and C&BC dimension (β = 0.09, p < 0.001) were additively associated with mental well-being, but not with physical functioning. Moreover, the M&A dimension was indicated to protect mental well-being when having more severe somatic symptoms (β = 0.11, p < 0.001). The observed differential associations with health suggest the significance for health of the two dimensions of psychological flexibility as assessed with the FIT-18 questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renée van Hoek
- Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Rinie Geenen
- Altrecht Psychosomatic Medicine, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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İnal Ö, Özkan E. Investigation of Predictors of Psychological Resilience in Occupational Therapy Students in Terms of Different Variables. Occup Ther Health Care 2024; 38:424-438. [PMID: 37079338 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2023.2200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
There is an increased number of publications concerning the mental health of occupational therapy students. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictors of psychological resilience in occupational therapy students in terms of different variables. Four scales measuring resilience, psychological flexibility, coping and coping attitudes were used in this study. Predictors of resilience were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis with the backward elimination. It was determined that psychological resilience, psychological flexibility, and coping attitudes are interrelated concepts (p < 0.05). This is the first study to examine the predictors of the concept of resilience in occupational therapy students in terms of different variables. The results show that students' psychological flexibility and positive coping behaviors need to be improved to develop psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgü İnal
- Gülhane Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurological Physiotherapy-Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esma Özkan
- Gülhane Faculty of Health Science, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Roberge C, Meunier S. Development and Initial Validation of a Questionnaire Measuring Self-management Strategies that Promote Psychological Health at Work. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024; 34:238-250. [PMID: 37584756 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-023-10131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-management strategies have been identified as a promising avenue to promote mental health and functioning at work. However, the absence of a validated questionnaire to assess the use of strategies that can be adopted in the workplace has limited empirical research on this topic. This study seeks to develop and validate a questionnaire measuring mental health self-management strategies used by workers to promote their mental health and functioning at work: the Workplace Mental Health Self-Management Questionnaire (WMHSQ). METHODS An initial list of 72 self-management strategies was generated from the content of 25 interviews conducted with workers experiencing depressive or anxiety symptoms. Content experts on mental health at work identified the 47 most relevant items. To validate the WMHSQ, 365 workers completed the WMHSQ and criterion-related measures (depressive and anxiety symptoms, work functioning, self-management and coping). Two weeks later, 235 participants completed the WMHSQ once again. RESULTS Principal component analysis revealed a four-factor solution composed of 21 self-management strategies: Managing Thoughts and Emotions, Managing Recovery, Managing Relationships and Managing Tasks. The WMHSQ shows adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Correlational analyses support convergent and concurrent validity. LIMITATIONS Since this is an initial psychometric validation of the WMHSQ, only an exploratory factor analysis was performed. It will therefore be important to validate the structure of this new psychometric tool through confirmatory factor analysis in a subsequent study. CONCLUSIONS The strategies identified in the WMHSQ can form the basis for developing practical tools and interventions to promote mental health self-management at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Roberge
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, H2X 3P2, Canada.
| | - Sophie Meunier
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, H2X 3P2, Canada
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15
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H O'Brien W, Wang S, Varga AV, Lim CX, Xu H, Jarukasemthawee S, Pisitsungkagarn K, Suvanbenjakule P, Braden A. Psychological flexibility prospectively predicts COVID-19 PPE use across a two-month interval. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:484-491. [PMID: 36593532 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2162936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Perceived susceptibility, psychological flexibility and health behaviors (PPE use, social distancing) were measured at two time points spaced 2 months apart during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in the U.S.A (Time 1 April 2020; Time 2 June 2020). Demographic variables were also collected. Data from 151 Mturk workers indicated that Time 1 psychological flexibility significantly predicted PPE use and social distancing. The effect sizes were substantial. Perceived susceptibility was not a significant predictor. Psychological flexibility messaging and interventions could be an important way to increase the likelihood of people performing health protective behaviors to better constrain the continuing COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Psychology, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aniko Viktoria Varga
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Chung Xiann Lim
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Huanzhen Xu
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Abby Braden
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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16
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Chung S, Song K, Günlü A. The Effect of Psychological Inflexibility on Social-Distancing Phobia Mediated by Preoccupation With Sleep and Intolerance of Uncertainty in the Elderly Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:151-158. [PMID: 38321888 PMCID: PMC10910166 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore whether psychological inflexibility in the elderly population is related to social-distancing phobia, and examine whether their viral anxiety, preoccupation with sleep, or intolerance of uncertainty may mediate the relationship. METHODS Among the elderly population aged ≥65 in Korea, we conducted an anonymous online survey during January and February 2023. We collected the responses of 300 participants, collected demographic information, and symptoms using rating scales such as the Social-Distancing Phobia scale, Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6), Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES). RESULTS Social-distancing phobia was expected by the SAVE-6 (β=0.34, p<0.001), IUS-12 (β=0.18, p=0.003), and GSES (β=0.18, p= 0.001) in the linear regression analysis. In the mediation analysis, psychological inflexibility did not directly influence social-distancing phobia. However, viral anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, or preoccupation with sleep completely mediated the influence of psychological inflexibility on social-distancing phobia among elderly population. CONCLUSION The management of psychological inflexibility, intolerance of uncertainty, or preoccupation with sleep needs to be considered when designing interventions to address social-distancing phobia in elderly populations in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kayoung Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Veteran Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aykut Günlü
- Department of Child Care and Youth Services, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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17
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Roper A, Brooks D, Mitchell LK, Pachana NA, Au TR, Byrne GJ, O'Sullivan JD, Dissanayaka NN. Feasibility and Acceptability of a Videoconferencing CBT Intervention for Anxiety in People with Parkinson's Disease. Clin Gerontol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38277135 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2024.2306861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), non-motor symptoms such as anxiety are common and have negative impacts on their quality of life. There are currently few interventions that address anxiety in PwPD, and access to diagnosis and treatment is often limited for those living in rural areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth videoconferencing CBT intervention for anxiety in PwPD. METHODS A pre- and post-test feasibility study (N = 10) was conducted and evaluated utilizing the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance). RESULTS Lack of access to the internet and videoconferencing technology were identified as barriers to participation. Physical health issues also impacted recruitment and retention. Non-completers were significantly older and less likely to have a carer involved in the intervention. Clinician adoption of the intervention was low while participant acceptability of videoconferencing technology varied and required carer support. CONCLUSIONS Providing access to technology and support to overcome technological issues, as well as telehealth training for clinicians, are recommended in future studies to improve recruitment, retention, and implementation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Identification of barriers and facilitators provides future studies with the knowledge to tailorize their program to better suit PwPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Roper
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Deborah Brooks
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Nancy A Pachana
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tiffany R Au
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gerard J Byrne
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John D O'Sullivan
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nadeeka N Dissanayaka
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Gao TY, Huang FH, Liu T, Sum RKW, De Liu J, Tang D, Cai DY, Jiang ZK, Ma RS. The role of physical literacy and mindfulness on health-related quality of life among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:237. [PMID: 38167897 PMCID: PMC10761947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the role played by the physical literacy and mindfulness in the health-related quality of life (QoL) of college students. In early 2022, 24,236 college students from three universities in southern China were recruited in the study. R software and the lavvan package was utilized to build the structural equation model. The measurement model was composed of three latent factors (physical literacy, mindfulness, and quality of life) and 16 observed variables in total. The results of the measurement model indicated goodness fit with p > .05 in Chi-square result, and GFI = .92. In addition, the comparative fit index (.92), Tucker-Lewis index (.91), root-mean-square error of approximation (.07), and root of mean square residual (.11) were in accord with the cutoff model-fit criteria. The results confirm that physical literacy and mindfulness can play a significant and positive role in the structural equation model of quality of life. In addition, this study provides initial evidence that mindfulness and physical literacy could potentially buffer declines in student QoL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, this study is the first to develop a structural equation model of QoL with multiple indicators, making it a strong addition to existing research on QoL during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu Gao
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Fu Hua Huang
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Raymond Kim Wai Sum
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin De Liu
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ding Yi Cai
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi Kang Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Si Ma
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Gur A, Egozi S, Schweitzer Y. Self-Differentiation, Psychological Flexibility, and Difficulties in Practice in Social Workers and Social Work Students. SOCIAL WORK 2023; 69:43-51. [PMID: 37933592 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Practicing social work involves unique difficulties, which may vary with seniority. This study aimed to identify these difficulties among social workers and social work students and to examine the associations between psychological flexibility (PF), self-differentiation (SF), and difficulties in practice in both groups. Ninety-one social work students and seventy-five social workers completed the following questionnaires: Difficulties in Practice, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, and Differentiation of Self Inventory. Results showed higher difficulties among social work students regarding their professional competence. Social workers demonstrated higher levels of PF, while no significant difference was found in SF. SF and PF were positively correlated, and both were negatively correlated with difficulties in practice in both groups. Among social work students, a moderating effect of PF was found for the association between SF and difficulties in practice. The current study emphasizes the importance of developing SF and cultivating PF during social work education to enhance professional competence and reduce difficulties in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Gur
- PhD, is senior lecturer, Social Work Department, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Upper Galilee, 1220800, Israel
| | - Sharon Egozi
- PhD, are lecturers, Social Work Department, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Yoav Schweitzer
- MA, are lecturers, Social Work Department, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Upper Galilee, Israel
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20
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Witcomb GL, White HJ, Haycraft E, Holley CE, Plateau CR, McLeod CJ. COVID-19 and coping: Absence of previous mental health issues as a potential risk factor for poor wellbeing in females. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2023; 2:100113. [PMID: 36785729 PMCID: PMC9907791 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused unprecedented disruption to everyday life. Unsurprisingly, this has resulted in increased prevalence of poor mental wellbeing. While previous mental health issues have been consistently flagged as a risk factor, the absence of these may also leave individuals vulnerable due to a lack of psychological coping strategies. This study explored the change in symptoms of anxiety, depression, and trauma in 167 females who provided data at four timepoints over the course of the first year of the pandemic. There was a significant effect of time on the extent of the change in depression but, for all wellbeing measures, those with current or previous mental health issues experienced a similar magnitude of change as those with no previous issues. This suggests that low-risk individuals may be faring worse, relatively. Ensuring that this group is not overlooked will be imperative in protecting and re-building the wellbeing of the nation.
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21
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Tudor L, Harenwall S, Henderson R, Bland AR. Post-covid-19 syndrome: Self-compassion and psychological flexibility moderate the relationship between physical symptom load and psychosocial impact. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 241:104093. [PMID: 37995543 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Living with persistent physical symptoms of an acute COVID-19 infection has a substantial impact on individuals' everyday lives. The identification of potential therapeutic targets for Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) or "Long-COVID" that can be utilised to reduce the impact of symptoms, is necessary to support effective rehabilitation. Self-compassion and psychological flexibility are thought to be important constructs to consider when understanding how individuals approach the management of long-term health challenges. The present study investigated the extent to which self-compassion and psychological flexibility moderate the relationship between physical symptoms and their impact on daily life. One-hundred and five participants (91 females) who were living with PCS after an acute COVID-19 infection, completed measures to assess PCS physical symptom prevalence as well as measures to assess impact on daily life, self-compassion and psychological flexibility. Two parallel moderation analyses showed that self-compassion and psychological flexibility significantly moderated the relationships between physical symptom presentation and their psychosocial impact. This research highlights the buffering effects of self-compassion and psychological flexibility and the need to consider these psychological therapeutic targets, as part of PCS multidisciplinary rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Tudor
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Sari Harenwall
- Primary Care Wellbeing Service, Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Amy R Bland
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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22
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Daoust AR, Green H, Vandermeer MRJ, Liu P, Stanton K, Harkness KL, Hayden EP. Total cortisol output during an acute stressor predicts youths' internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Biol Psychol 2023; 184:108714. [PMID: 37839519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in cortisol output may influence adolescents' adjustment to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, boys and girls may differ in terms of associations between cortisol output and internalizing symptoms in the context of COVID-19-related stress. We examined whether pre-pandemic cortisol output during an acute stressor, assessed approximately three years prior to the pandemic, predicted change in adolescents' internalizing symptoms early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consistent with previous work on other life stressors, girls' cortisol output was positively associated with anxious and somatic symptoms early in the pandemic. Conversely, cortisol output and depressive symptoms were negatively associated for boys; boys with higher cortisol had depressive symptoms which significantly decreased over time. Findings suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress functioning plays a role in shaping differences between adolescent boys' and girls' adjustment during the experience of a ubiquitous chronic stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Daoust
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Haley Green
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew R J Vandermeer
- Anxiety Treatment & Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kasey Stanton
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Kate L Harkness
- Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Kaugars AS, Zemlak J, Oswald DL. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on U.S. Women's Mental Health. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:1166-1173. [PMID: 37788396 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with depression and anxiety with rates increasing since the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to understand how women's intersecting identities, personal strengths, and COVID-19-related stressors were associated with their anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms early in the pandemic. Methods: During May-June 2020, American women (N = 398) recruited via MTurk completed an online questionnaire assessing mental health (PTSD, anxiety, and depression), demographic characteristics, personal strengths (coping, hope, social support), and experiences with COVID-19-specific stressors. Results: Women who had a child younger than 18 years of age, lived in rural or urban areas (compared with suburban), and identified as sexual minority reported increased levels of PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Social support and hope (Agency) were associated with fewer mental health symptoms. Engagement in maladaptive coping and greater perception of COVID-19 threat and perceived stress was associated with more PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms. COVID-19-related illness events and difficulty accessing living essentials were associated with increased anxiety symptoms. COVID-19-related disruption to living and income were associated with increased PTSD symptoms. Loneliness was associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusions: Results of this study can inform prevention and intervention efforts to address depression and anxiety among women with intersecting identities during times of stress. Specifically, supporting the development of women's resilience and adaptive coping and intervening to address maladaptive coping strategies, such as drinking, provide paths to supporting women's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrīda S Kaugars
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jessica Zemlak
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Debra L Oswald
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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24
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Baluku MM, Ssebagala S, Mukula HM, Musanje K. Serially mediated effects of psychological inflexibility on quality of life of refugees in Uganda during coronavirus pandemic. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002450. [PMID: 37878551 PMCID: PMC10599589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The unexpected outbreak and rapid spread of COVID-19 necessitated radical and stringent control measures, consequently changing how people live globally. To vulnerable populations like refugees, who were already living a disrupted life, the outbreak of COVID-19 and accompanying control measures complicated their living conditions and drastically affected their mental health and, consequently, their quality of life. The current study aimed to test whether psychological inflexibility was a factor in lowering the quality of life of refugees in Uganda during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study further examines whether the effects of psychological inflexibility on quality of life were serially mediated by avoidance coping, perceived threat, adherence to COVID-19 control measures, and general mental health states. The study was conducted among refugees living in Kampala city suburbs and Bidibidi refugee settlement in Uganda. Data was collected using a survey questionnaire during the partial reopening of the economy in mid-2020, after the first lockdown. The analysis assesses a serial mediation model of the effects of psychological inflexibility on the quality of life of refugees through avoidance coping, perceived threat, adherence to COVID-19 control measures, and mental health using PROCESS Macro. The study involved 353 participants. Our analyses revealed that psychological inflexibility was negatively associated with the perceived threat, adherence, and quality of life. Psychological inflexibility was positively associated with avoidance coping and poor mental health. The data supported all hypothesized mediation paths. These findings support literature suggesting that psychological inflexibility is a maladaptive attribute that thwarts positive coping and behavior adjustment in times of crisis. Consequently, psychological inflexibility can worsen mental health problems and quality of life, especially in populations such as refugees in low-income countries who live in precarious conditions. Incorporating interventions that reduce psychological inflexibility in crisis management efforts can help refugees maintain good psychological functioning and quality of life.
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25
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Chong YY, Kwan JYM, Yau PT, Cheng HY, Chien WT. Roles of Parental Psychological Flexibility, Self-Compassion, and Self-Efficacy in Affecting Mental Health and Quality of Life in Parents of Children with Eczema. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2708. [PMID: 37893783 PMCID: PMC10606052 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents of young children with eczema often experience adverse mental health consequences, including depression, anxiety, stress, and a reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL), due to the unpredictable nature of flare-ups and exacerbations. This study investigated the roles of psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and self-efficacy in fostering parental mental health outcomes and HRQoL while caring for children diagnosed with eczema. Baseline data from an ongoing clinical trial examining the effects of a family acceptance-and-commitment-therapy-based eczema management program (FACT-EMP) on parent-child dyads affected by eczema (N = 110 dyads, 75.5% mothers; 66.4% boys) were analyzed using adjusted hierarchical regression analyses. The findings indicate that psychological inflexibility was significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, and HRQoL. Self-compassion was significantly linked to all assessed mental health outcomes, whereas self-efficacy showed a significant association only with symptoms of depression. These results underscore the significance of promoting parental psychological flexibility and self-compassion through acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-based approaches to enhance mental health and quality of life while managing children's eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yu Chong
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (J.Y.M.K.); (P.T.Y.); (H.Y.C.); (W.T.C.)
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26
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Pakenham KI, Landi G, Cattivelli R, Grandi S, Tossani E. Identification of psychological flexibility and inflexibility profiles during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:2225-2250. [PMID: 37192495 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wave and lockdown adversely affected the lives of people in diverse ways. AIMS This study used a person-centered approach to identify patterns of engagement in the 12 psychological flexibility (PF) and inflexibility (PI) processes to manage the first COVID-19 wave and lockdown hardships. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 1035 Italian adults completed an online survey. RESULTS Latent profile analyses conducted on the 12 PI/PF processes measured by the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory identified five profiles; three reflected gradations of high to low PF with corresponding inverse levels of PI, while two represented more complex relationships between PI and PF. After controlling for relevant socio-demographic and COVID-19/lockdown factors, the five profiles differed in mental health (depression, anxiety, and COVID-19 distress). Essentially a gradient of progressive decreases in all PI processes (except experiential avoidance) corresponded with increments in mental health across all profiles. Two profiles, which evidenced the highest levels of mental health (highly flexible and moderately flexible profiles), also had the greatest proportion of the sample 56.42% (n = 584), and the highest levels of PF and experiential avoidance. DISCUSSION Findings from this and similar studies suggest intersecting complex relationships among the PI/PF processes that are likely to shift in response to changing contexts. We suggest this network of relationships is better represented by a three-dimensional PF/PI hexaflex than a simplistic two-dimensional depiction of the model. CONCLUSION Distinguishing different PF/PI profiles identified groups most at risk for the adverse mental health impacts of the pandemic and exposed variations in the mental health protective and risk roles of PF and PI processes, respectively, that can inform ACT-based mental health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I Pakenham
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Giulia Landi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics (head Prof. Silvana Grandi), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Roberto Cattivelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics (head Prof. Silvana Grandi), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Silvana Grandi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics (head Prof. Silvana Grandi), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Eliana Tossani
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics (head Prof. Silvana Grandi), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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Ramsawak R, Mohan P, Hutchinson G. Understanding mental health conditions and key coping strategies utilized during major lockdowns in the Caribbean based on Google trends searches. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19843. [PMID: 37780774 PMCID: PMC10539973 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted countries to implement extended Shelter in Place Orders (SIPOs) to restrict population movement and mitigate community spread. While these lockdown measures may be effective in containing the virus, they can substantially impact the population's well-being, potentially undermining their overall welfare. This study investigates whether major lockdowns implemented in the Caribbean produced differential changes in mental health among key English-Speaking Caribbean countries. More importantly, unlike past studies, we examine key coping strategies persons utilize during major lockdowns. Finally, this paper utilizes a novel near real-time high-frequency data source in Google Trends data analytics to assess mental health patterns and coping strategies among major Caribbean countries. Based on the results of difference-in-difference and event study models, we find positive and significant increases in searches for fear, depression, and suicide during key lockdown periods, which suggest negative mental health effects. Regarding coping strategies, searches for Zoom, learning, books, exercise, prayer, religion, and meditation increased, together with searches for addiction and marijuana. These results indicate the types of programs health administrators and policymakers can implement during lockdown periods to help local mental health communities, particularly among island communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ramsawak
- The Business School, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology – HCMC, Viet Nam
| | - Preeya Mohan
- Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of the West Indies, St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Gerard Hutchinson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mt Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
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Akanko I, Abor PA, Tetteh CK. A cross-sectional study on coping strategies of frontline healthcare workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic in a developing country. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231197398. [PMID: 37719168 PMCID: PMC10504830 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231197398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Frontline healthcare workers encountered a heightened susceptibility to negative psychological symptoms and behavioral shifts in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study determined the coping strategies adopted by frontline healthcare workers in Ghana as well as assessed any differences based on demographics, job title, and ranking in four coronavirus disease 2019-designated centers in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Methods Using a hospital-based, mixed-method approach, the study was conducted between May 2021 and September 2021. A total of 94 frontline healthcare workers were randomly sampled and given a self-administered questionnaire, while 13 healthcare workers took in-depth interviews. Data from the survey were analyzed using both IBM SPSS and IBM AMOS and the interview data were transcribed verbatim and coded using thematic analysis. Results The study revealed that coronavirus disease 2019 has affected the psycho-social life of frontline healthcare workers mainly in the form of depression, anxiety, and stress. The three main coping strategies adopted by frontline healthcare workers include personal preventative measures (most dominant), seeking external expert support, and obtaining institutional support. While healthcare workers within the age group 30-39 years were found most compliant with the adoption of personal preventive measures and those below 30 years were found least compliant. Conclusion This study concludes that frontline healthcare workers have been affected by a considerable level of anxiety, stress, and depression during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The study recommends a robust psychological support system at various levels of health care and an Employee Assistance Program with access to a 24-h hotline counseling service for frontline healthcare workers, continuous personal protective equipment provision, regular evidence-based updates on the management of coronavirus disease 2019 patients, and increased commitment from the government in addressing the medical needs of infected frontline healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patience Aseweh Abor
- Department of Public Administration and Health Service Management, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Carlos Kokuvi Tetteh
- Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Dunne S, Williams GP, Bradbury C, Keyes T, Lane AR, Yang K, Ellison A. Uncovering the social determinants of brain injury rehabilitation. J Health Psychol 2023; 28:956-969. [PMID: 37026570 PMCID: PMC10466963 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231166263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Social determinants of health (SDH), such as social isolation and loneliness, are often more frequently experienced in brain injury survivors. The paper explores the personal experiences of loneliness among brain injury survivors during lockdown to negate health inequalities and improve rehabilitation for this population in the future. Twenty-four brain injury survivors participated in semi-structured interviews and questionnaires relating to loneliness, resilience and wellbeing. Three themes (the experience of loneliness, loneliness during the pandemic and loneliness after the pandemic) explored survivors' experiences of loneliness generally post-brain injury, but also chronicle how these feelings developed in lockdown and survivors' feelings regarding society returning to 'normal'. Future interventions should focus on reframing survivors' beliefs regarding societal expectations and minimise the pressure they experience to keep up with their peers physically and emotionally. Additionally, we recommend creating accessible peer support options for all brain injury survivors as an important step for alleviating loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Dunne
- Northumbria University, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North-East and North Cumbria, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amanda Ellison
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North-East and North Cumbria, UK
- Durham University, UK
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Prudenzi A, Graham CD, Rogerson O, O'Connor DB. Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the role of psychological flexibility and stress-related variables. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1378-1401. [PMID: 35073803 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and the psychological factors associated can help inform subsequent interventions to protect psychological health. In particular, psychological flexibility has been shown to be an important target for intervention. The current study aimed to investigate associations between protective factors (state mindfulness, values and self-compassion) and risk factors (COVID-19 stress, worry and rumination) for mental health during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN 439 participants completed three online surveys during the 1st wave of the pandemic in the UK: Time 1 (April 1-5th 2020), Time 2 (April 15-19th April), Time 3 (May 13-17th 2020). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures of wellbeing, burnout and life satisfaction. RESULTS Psychological health outcome measures were found to be lower (worse) than normative comparison data during the early stages of the UK lockdown, while COVID-19 stress and worry reduced over time. Multilevel models found that higher levels of trait and state measures of psychological flexibility and self-compassion were associated with better psychological health across time points. Higher levels of COVID-19 stress, worry and rumination were also associated with poorer psychological health. CONCLUSION The results showed that mindfulness, values and self-compassion are potential targets for intervention.
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Mabire-Yon R, Le Bonniec A, Arnaud S, Préau M. Organization of psychosocial factors associated with worry about acquiring SARS-CoV-2 among women undergoing cancer treatment: an empirical network comparison approach. J Psychosoc Oncol 2023; 42:315-332. [PMID: 37632453 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2023.2246126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pandemic-induced anxiety can have adverse mental and somatic health consequences on cancer patients (CP). This study aimed to (1) explore the intricate relationships between worry related to potential SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 perception, sociodemographic factors, and the perceived effectiveness of lockdown measures and (2) investigate if these relationships differ between cancer patients and individuals without a history of cancer (IWHC). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative study in France between December 1 and 14, 2020. Network analysis was employed on a sample of 1889 women, including 282 cancer patients and 1607 noncancer individuals. RESULTS Our findings indicate that CP were 20% more likely to express worry than IWHC. Anxiety is embedded within a complex network involving sociodemographic, cognitive, and emotional factors. The emotional components related to COVID-19 perception were found to play a crucial role. The networks for both groups were observed to be identical. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the heightened vulnerability of cancer patients to pandemic-induced anxiety, emphasizing the crucial role of emotional components related to COVID-19 perception. The observed similarities in the anxiety network between cancer patients and those without a history of cancer suggest that universal approaches might be effective across groups. IMPLICATIONS Utilizing the Causal Attitude Network Model, we propose potential methods for managing and reducing individual anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Mabire-Yon
- Unit Inserm U1296, Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Institute of Psychology - University Lumière Lyon 2, Bron, France
| | - Alice Le Bonniec
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Siméone Arnaud
- Unit Inserm U1296, Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Institute of Psychology - University Lumière Lyon 2, Bron, France
| | - Marie Préau
- Unit Inserm U1296, Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Institute of Psychology - University Lumière Lyon 2, Bron, France
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Polizzi CP, McDonald CW, Sleight FG, Lynn SJ. Resilience, Coping, and the Covid-19 Pandemic Across the Globe - an Update: What Have we Learned? CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2023; 20:316-326. [PMID: 37791081 PMCID: PMC10544248 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a mass traumatic event that has universally and indiscriminately negatively affected the world. The adverse consequences of the pandemic have globally impacted psychological health and well-being via increased stressors, such as uncertainty, health anxieties, and financial instability. During the initial months of the pandemic, we (Polizzi et al., 2020) identified coping strategies that may be well-suited to address the sequelae of the pandemic. These strategies included behavioral activation, acceptance-based coping, mindfulness practice, and loving-kindness meditation. We argued that these coping skills may foster resilience and recovery during the pandemic by generating a sense of social connection, encouraging meaning-making, and enhancing feelings of control amid uncertainty. Three years later, we update our initial suggestions by providing a narrative review that considers empirical evidence collected during the pandemic to support the utility of the previously identified coping strategies as well as additional strategies. We also discuss cross-cultural similarities and differences among these strategies and how research supports their application across diverse countries and groups. Finally, we conclude by synthesizing the literature within a regulatory flexibility framework that emphasizes flexible skill implementation with respect to sensitivity to context, coping repertoires, and feedback from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P. Polizzi
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
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Cho G, Hagen D, Goldmann E. Pre-pandemic mental health and coping strategy usage during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional analysis of the Southern Cities Study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:530. [PMID: 37480034 PMCID: PMC10362574 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the usage of coping strategies recommended by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether coping strategy usage varies by pre-pandemic mental health. This study examined the prevalence of different coping strategies and associations of their usage with pre-pandemic mental health. METHODS Data were collected from adults residing in metropolitan areas of the U.S. South in May/June 2020 using random-digit-dialing and web-based surveys (n = 1,644). We estimated the prevalence of each coping strategy: (1) keeping up-to-date about COVID-19; (2) taking breaks from the news or social media; (3) taking care of physical health; (4) engaging in relaxing activities; (5) reaching out to and spending time with others; and (6) trying to find comfort in religious or spiritual beliefs. We examined the association between the use of each strategy and pre-pandemic mental health using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for covariates. We also analyzed the association between pre-pandemic mental health and the number of coping strategies employed using ordered logistic regression. RESULTS The most prevalent strategies were: "keeping up-to-date about COVID-19" (53%), "taking care of physical health" (52%), and "reaching out to and spending time with others" (52%). Good pre-pandemic mental health was associated with an increased prevalence of "reaching out to and spending time with others" (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.91). The use of other coping strategies and the number of coping strategies used during the pandemic did not vary by pre-pandemic mental health. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that people who had good pre-pandemic mental health were more likely to connect with other people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the well-documented impact of social support on mental health in disaster contexts, efforts to promote safe social connections for those with pre-existing mental health concerns are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gawon Cho
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Hagen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Goldmann
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Drug Use and HIV|HCV Research, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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Sim JC, Im SY. The impact of COVID-19 on mental health and posttraumatic growth of Korean college students: a mixed method study examining the moderating role of coping flexibility and sense of community. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1200570. [PMID: 37546479 PMCID: PMC10399585 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1200570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to complex psychological problems, it is important to examine the effect of coping flexibility and sense of community, because relying solely on specific coping strategies is ineffective, and the pandemic necessitates social cooperation. Methods This study was divided into two parts. The first study used a quantitative research method(i.e., structural equation modeling) to test if coping flexibility and sense of community moderated the impact of COVID-19-related concerns on mental health (i.e., depression and anxiety) and posttraumatic growth among Korean college students. The second study used a qualitative research method for an in-depth examination of how Korean college students coped with the COVID-19 pandemic and if they achieved any positive change or growth. Given that the COVID-19 pandemic represents a situation distinct from what people have previously encountered, Study II was designed to examine the experiences of individuals during this exceptional period. Results In the first study (Study I), coping flexibility was found to increase the impact of COVID-19-related concerns and difficulties on depression and anxiety. Conversely, a sense of community reduced the consequences of these overwhelming worries on depression and anxiety, while also expanding the impact of COVID-19-related disorders on posttraumatic growth. In the second study (Study II), the findings showed that the participants experienced various psychological consequences, including depression and anxiety, and distress in other aspects of their life, including disruptions in interpersonal relationships and college life. Nonetheless, the participants made efforts to cope with such difficulties and overcome the challenges together with the community. In fact, the pandemic improved their coping skills and expanded their value system and worldview. Conclusion The study findings suggest that given the unique situation presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, a sense of community protected the mental well-being of Korean college students and facilitated their growth. This study emphasizes the necessity of promoting SOC to effectively cope with disaster situations.
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Hussain S, Khawar R, Amin R, Hamdani A, Majeed A. Psychological flexibility, cognitive emotion regulation and mental health outcomes among patients with asthma in Pakistan. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15506. [PMID: 37456900 PMCID: PMC10340097 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Adults with asthma who experience difficulties in emotion regulation are prone to developing psychopathological symptoms that may affect their self-management activities and symptom control. The current research investigated the role of psychological flexibility and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in relation to mental health outcomes (psychological distress and quality of life) among patients with asthma in Pakistan. Method A sample of 200 adults, diagnosed with asthma (32% men, 68% women; Mage = 42.32, SDage = 16.99), completed the acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ-II) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), depression, anxiety, stress scale-21 (DASS-21), asthma-related quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) and a self-structured demographic sheet. Results Results of Pearson product moment correlation showed that most of the adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (positive refocusing, refocus on planning, and positive reappraisal) were positively correlated with psychological flexibility and quality of life, whereas negatively correlated with psychological distress. All the maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation had a significant inverse relationship with psychological flexibility and quality of life, while positively correlated with psychological distress. Results of serial mediation analysis through PROCESS MACRO showed that catastrophising and anxiety fully mediated the relationship between psychological flexibility and asthma-related quality of life. Conclusion Evidence-based interventions should focus on developing psychological flexibility and identifying maladaptive patterns of cognitive emotion regulation strategies for improved mental health and quality of life outcomes for adults with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samavia Hussain
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Khawar
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Amin
- Department of Professional Psychology Bahria University, Islamabad Campus Pakistan, Bahria University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asma Hamdani
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Majeed
- Department of Applied Psychology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Riepenhausen A, Veer IM, Wackerhagen C, Reppmann ZC, Köber G, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Bögemann SA, Corrao G, Felez-Nobrega M, Abad JMH, Hermans E, van Leeuwen J, Lieb K, Lorant V, Mary-Krause M, Mediavilla R, Melchior M, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Compagnoni MM, Pan KY, Puhlmann L, Roelofs K, Sijbrandij M, Smith P, Tüscher O, Witteveen A, Zerban M, Kalisch R, Kröger H, Walter H. Coping with COVID: risk and resilience factors for mental health in a German representative panel study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3897-3907. [PMID: 35301966 PMCID: PMC8943230 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic might affect mental health. Data from population-representative panel surveys with multiple waves including pre-COVID data investigating risk and protective factors are still rare. METHODS In a stratified random sample of the German household population (n = 6684), we conducted survey-weighted multiple linear regressions to determine the association of various psychological risk and protective factors assessed between 2015 and 2020 with changes in psychological distress [(PD; measured via Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4)] from pre-pandemic (average of 2016 and 2019) to peri-pandemic (both 2020 and 2021) time points. Control analyses on PD change between two pre-pandemic time points (2016 and 2019) were conducted. Regularized regressions were computed to inform on which factors were statistically most influential in the multicollinear setting. RESULTS PHQ-4 scores in 2020 (M = 2.45) and 2021 (M = 2.21) were elevated compared to 2019 (M = 1.79). Several risk factors (catastrophizing, neuroticism, and asking for instrumental support) and protective factors (perceived stress recovery, positive reappraisal, and optimism) were identified for the peri-pandemic outcomes. Control analyses revealed that in pre-pandemic times, neuroticism and optimism were predominantly related to PD changes. Regularized regression mostly confirmed the results and highlighted perceived stress recovery as most consistent influential protective factor across peri-pandemic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We identified several psychological risk and protective factors related to PD outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comparison of pre-pandemic data stresses the relevance of longitudinal assessments to potentially reconcile contradictory findings. Implications and suggestions for targeted prevention and intervention programs during highly stressful times such as pandemics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Riepenhausen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences - CCM, Research Division of Mind and Brain, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Faculty of Philosophy, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilya M. Veer
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences - CCM, Research Division of Mind and Brain, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin Wackerhagen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences - CCM, Research Division of Mind and Brain, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zala C. Reppmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences - CCM, Research Division of Mind and Brain, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Göran Köber
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophie A. Bögemann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Corrao
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mireia Felez-Nobrega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro Abad
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erno Hermans
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith van Leeuwen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vincent Lorant
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Murielle Mary-Krause
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Roberto Mediavilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Melchior
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Berzelius väg 3, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Monzio Compagnoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Kuan-Yu Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Puhlmann
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Research Group Social Stress and Family Health, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karin Roelofs
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Smith
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anke Witteveen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Zerban
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raffael Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannes Kröger
- Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin, Germany
- Munich Center for the Economics of Aging (MEA), Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences - CCM, Research Division of Mind and Brain, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Faculty of Philosophy, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Charles D, Angelone DJ, Jones MC. The Role of Coping Behaviors and Intoxication in Trauma Symptomology Subsequent to Sexual Victimization. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2023; 32:749-770. [PMID: 37318510 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2023.2223585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
College women are at an elevated risk for sexual victimization (SV) and secondary physical and psychological consequences. While some women experience negative outcomes such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), others experience reduced or complete absence of distress following SV. The variation in outcomes may be associated with the victim's level of intoxication, which may in turn affect their processing of and coping with the event. We examined the effects of SV severity on PTSD via coping and intoxication using a moderated mediation analysis among female college students (N = 375). Results demonstrate that coping mediates the association between SV severity and PTSD symptomology; however, intoxication did not moderate these associations. Results suggest that regardless of intoxication, SV severity influences various coping styles and plays an important role in a victim's adjustment post-victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika Charles
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - D J Angelone
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
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Puolakanaho A, Muotka JS, Lappalainen R, Lappalainen P, Hirvonen R, Kiuru N. Adolescents' stress and depressive symptoms and their associations with psychological flexibility before educational transition. J Adolesc 2023; 95:990-1004. [PMID: 36960576 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relatively little is known about individual differences in adolescent psychological flexibility and its associations with symptoms of stress and depression. This study examined different profiles of adolescent stress and depressive symptoms and their associations with developing psychological flexibility before the critical educational transition. METHODS The data were derived from a general sample of 740 Finnish ninth-grade adolescents (Mage = 15.7 years, 57% female) who were assessed twice during the final grade of their basic education. The data were analyzed using growth mixture modeling. RESULTS Four profiles of stress and depressive symptoms were identified during a school year: (1) no stress and no depressive symptoms (None; 69%); (2) mild and decreasing stress and depressive symptoms (Decreasing; 15%); (3) low but increasing stress and depressive symptoms (Increasing; 6%); and (4) high and stable levels of stress and depressive symptoms (High; 10%). The adolescents in these profiles differed from each other in their initial levels and changes of psychological flexibility. The initial level of psychological flexibility was highest in the no-symptom profile group. We observed simultaneous change trends in symptoms and psychological flexibility during a school year. When symptoms decreased, psychological flexibility increased, and when symptoms increased, psychological flexibility decreased. CONCLUSIONS A bidirectional pattern of relationships between psychological flexibility and psychological symptoms was found. Despite initially high level of skills in psychological flexibility, some adolescents, unexpectedly, experienced increased symptoms of stress and depression during the school year. The results call for further studies to explore in-depth the developmental diversity in adolescents' well-being and its antecedents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Puolakanaho
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Joona S Muotka
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Raimo Lappalainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Päivi Lappalainen
- Department of Psychology and GeroCenter, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Riikka Hirvonen
- School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Godara M, Everaert J, Sanchez-Lopez A, Joormann J, De Raedt R. Interplay between uncertainty intolerance, emotion regulation, cognitive flexibility, and psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-wave study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9854. [PMID: 37330557 PMCID: PMC10276821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a significant mental health burden on the global population. Studies during the pandemic have shown that risk factors such as intolerance of uncertainty and maladaptive emotion regulation are associated with increased psychopathology. Meanwhile, protective factors such as cognitive control and cognitive flexibility have been shown to protect mental health during the pandemic. However, the potential pathways through which these risk and protective factors function to impact mental health during the pandemic remain unclear. In the present multi-wave study, 304 individuals (18 years or older, 191 Males), residing in the USA during data collection, completed weekly online assessments of validated questionnaires across a period of five weeks (27th March 2020-1st May 2020). Mediation analyses revealed that longitudinal changes in emotion regulation difficulties mediated the effect of increases in intolerance of uncertainty on increases in stress, depression, and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, individual differences in cognitive control and flexibility moderated the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation difficulties. While intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation difficulties emerged as risk factors for mental health, cognitive control and flexibility seems to protect against the negative effects of the pandemic and promote stress resilience. Interventions aimed at enhancing cognitive control and flexibility might promote the protection of mental health in similar global crises in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Department of Experimental, Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jonas Everaert
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental, Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Dempere J, Grassa R. The impact of COVID-19 on women's empowerment: A global perspective. J Glob Health 2023; 13:06021. [PMID: 37325883 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.06021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This research explores the repercussions of the COVID-19 emergency on women's enablement worldwide, scrutinizing data spanning 93 nations between 2019 and 2020. Methods The investigation employs sectional data examination of various metrics pertinent to women's empowerment, encompassing the ratio of employed females to the total populace, women's labour force involvement, female representation in legislative assemblies, young women disengaged from education, occupation, or skill acquisition, and unemployment rates among women. Results The research identifies encouraging and disheartening developments in female empowerment amidst the pandemic. On an optimistic note, there is a growing inclination towards women's presence on corporate boards, executive and managerial roles, and positions within publicly owned enterprises. Conversely, there is a notable reduction in the ratio of working women to the overall population, a marginal decrease in female labour force engagement, an upswing in young women uninvolved in education, occupation, or skill development, and an elevation in female unemployment rates. Conclusions The study's results accentuate the demand for tailored initiatives and strategies that address the pandemic's distinct ramifications on women, including backing for female employment, education, and political involvement. The research further emphasizes the significance of sustained endeavours to foster gender diversity within the business arena, where the COVID-19 upheaval has less impeded female empowerment. Legislators, global entities, and community organizations must prioritize and allocate resources toward gender-sensitive policies and actions to alleviate the detrimental impacts of crises on women, advancing their empowerment, adaptability, and engagement across all life spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Dempere
- Higher Colleges of Technology, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rihab Grassa
- Higher Colleges of Technology, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Cohrdes C, Pryss R, Baumeister H, Eicher S, Knoll N, Hölling H. Support- and meaning-focused coping as key factors for maintaining adult quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1196404. [PMID: 37377548 PMCID: PMC10291068 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1196404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, questions about both consequences and helpful strategies to maintain quality of life (QoL) have become increasingly important. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of coping factors during the COVID-19 pandemic, their associations with QoL and the moderating role of certain sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Analyses were based on cross-sectional self-reports from German adult participants (N = 2,137, 18-84 years, 52.1% female) of the CORONA HEALTH APP Study from July 2020 to July 2021. Multivariate regression analyses were used to predict (a) coping factors assessed with the Brief COPE and (b) QoL assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF while taking measurement time, central sociodemographic, and health characteristics into account. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, German adults mostly pursued problem- and meaning-focused coping factors and showed a relatively good QoL [Mean values (M) from 57.2 to 73.6, standard deviations (SD) = 16.3-22.6], except for the social domain (M = 57.2, SD = 22.6), and with a decreasing trend over time (β from -0.06 to -0.11, ps < 0.01). Whereas, escape-avoidance coping was negatively related to all QoL domains (β = -0.35, p < 0.001 for psychological, β = -0.22, p < 0.001 for physical, β = -0.13, p = 0.045 for social, β = -0.49, p < 0.001 for environmental QoL), support- and meaning-focused coping showed positive associations with various QoL domains (β from 0.19 to 0.45, ps < 0.01). The results also suggested differences in the pursuit of coping factors as well as in the strength of associations with QoL by sociodemographic characteristics. Escape-avoidance-focused coping was negatively associated with QoL levels in older and less educated adults (simple slopes differed at ps < 0.001), in particular. Conclusions The results demonstrated what types of coping may be helpful to avoid QoL deterioration (i.e., support- and meaning-focused coping) and provide implications for future universal or targeted health promotion (i.e., older or less educated adults who lack social or instrumental support) and preparedness in the face of unknown challenging societal situations similar to that of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional trends of enhanced use of escape-avoidance-focused coping and QoL deterioration point toward a need for increased attention from public health and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cohrdes
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Pryss
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sophie Eicher
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Knoll
- Division of Health Psychology, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Yao Y, Xu J. Occupational stress of elementary school teachers after eased COVID-19 restrictions: a qualitative study from China. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1183100. [PMID: 37303886 PMCID: PMC10248454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1183100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background On December 7, 2022, China optimized its virus response and significantly shifted its epidemic policy by downgrading COVID management and gradually restoring offline teaching in schools. This shift has brought many impacts on teachers. Aims Through qualitative research of thematic analysis, this paper studies the occupational pressure of primary school teachers in China after the shift in epidemic policy. Methods Two recruitment methods are adopted for this study. One was to email the principals of several primary schools in Zhejiang Province to introduce the research project and indicate the idea of recruiting participants. With their help, we have found teachers who volunteer to participate. The second was to release recruitment information in the network forum (e.g., online teacher forums) to find volunteer participants. Through semi-structured interviews and diaries, 18 primary school teachers from different regions and schools in Zhejiang Province were interviewed. All responses in the interviews were transcribed anonymously. Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis was used to analyze the participants' responses. Results Eighteen participants took part in the research project. Forty-five final codes, generated from 89 codes initially obtained from the dataset, are classified into five final themes: uncertainty, overburdened, neglected, worry about students, and influence, which reflect the professional stress of primary school teachers following the epidemic prevention policies relaxed. Conclusion Five themes were identified in the research. The problems described by the participants include burdensome offline activities, being disturbed out of hours, and appearing understaffed for the infection. These problems harmed the participants' mental health, including anxiety, fatigue, stress, and other adverse psychological conditions. Awareness and attention to the psychological situation of primary school teachers after the eased COVID control are crucial. We believe protecting teachers' mental health is necessary, especially in this particular period.
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Flowers J, Eddy A, McCullough N, Christopher M, Kennedy CH. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes Differentially Predict Aspects of Mental Health. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231169673. [PMID: 37052148 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231169673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Psychological flexibility relates to various aspects of mental health, including psychological distress and adaptive mental health. The CompACT has been developed to assess psychological flexibility by quantifying psychological flexibility as a multidimensional whole, and by three processes of psychological flexibility including, Openness to Experience (OE), Behavioral Awareness (BA), and Valued Action (VA). The current study examined the unique predictive property of each three process of the CompACT with aspects of mental health. Participants (N = 593) were a diverse sample of United States adults. Our results found OE and BA significantly predicted depression, anxiety, and stress. OE and VA significantly predicted satisfaction with life, and all three processes significantly predicted resilience. Our results support multidimensional assessment of psychological flexibility when examining aspects of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Flowers
- School of Graduate Psychology, Phacific University Health Professions Campus, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Ashley Eddy
- School of Graduate Psychology, Phacific University Health Professions Campus, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Nicole McCullough
- School of Graduate Psychology, Phacific University Health Professions Campus, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Michael Christopher
- School of Graduate Psychology, Phacific University Health Professions Campus, Hillsboro, OR, USA
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Baluku MM, Nansubuga F, Kibanja GM, Ouma S, Balikoowa R, Nansamba J, Ruto G, Kawooya K, Musanje K. Associations of psychological inflexibility with posttraumatic stress disorder and adherence to COVID-19 control measures among refugees in Uganda: The moderating role of coping strategies. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2023; 28:278-288. [PMID: 37197224 PMCID: PMC10163792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Refugees are vulnerable to developing mental health problems. The unprecedented appearance and rapid spread of COVID-19 exacerbated this vulnerability, especially in low-income countries where refugees survive on humanitarian aid and live in congested settlements. These appalling living conditions are a stressor, making adherence to COVID-19 control measures impractical and an additional psychological strain for refugees. The present study examined how psychological inflexibility is associated with adherence to COVID-19 control measures. A sample of 352 refugees from Kampala City and Bidibidi settlements were recruited. Refugees with high levels of psychological inflexibility reported higher PTSD symptom severity and low adherence to COVID-19 control measures. Moreover, PTSD severity mediated the association between psychological inflexibility and adherence, while avoidance coping moderated both direct and indirect effects. Interventions for reducing psychological inflexibility and avoidance coping may be essential in boosting adherence to measures relevant to the current and future status of the pandemic, along with other crises that refugees face.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samuel Ouma
- Makerere University, School of Psychology, Uganda
| | | | | | - Grace Ruto
- Makerere University, Research and Innovations Fund (Mak-RIF) Secretariat, Uganda
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De Luca R, Pollicino P, Rifici C, Mondo N, Iorio S, Cassaniti A, Ferrara D, Caminiti A, Famà F, Bonanno M, Calabrò RS. Psycho-Emotional Well-Being in Caregivers of People with Acquired Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study on the Human Immersion Model during the Omicron Wave. Clin Pract 2023; 13:487-496. [PMID: 37530721 PMCID: PMC10137299 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a "human immersion model" (HIM) in improving psychological well-being in caregivers of patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) during the Omicron wave in Italy. Fifteen subjects affected by ABI, who attended our intensive neurorehabilitation unit from January to March 2022 and their caregivers were submitted to the HIM. This novel approach consisted of "real" long-lasting meetings between the patients and their careers in a hospital setting (1-72 h meeting per week for 8 weeks). Each ABI caregiver was assessed through the administration of a short psychometric battery before starting the first immersion session with their family member and at the end of the HIM. We found significant changes in the caregivers' scores analyzed for anxiety, as per SAS (p < 0.0007, d = 1.02), burden and stress (ZBI-22; p < 0.001, d = 0.65), and emotive intelligence (TEIQue-SF; p < 0.0007, d = 0.82). Our data suggest that the HIM may be useful to promote ABI caregivers' psycho-emotional well-being in the context of critical periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria De Luca
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Carmela Rifici
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Natale Mondo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Iorio
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Angelo Caminiti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Famà
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University Hospital "G. Martino", 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mirjam Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy
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Rossi MF, Gualano MR, Magnavita N, Moscato U, Santoro PE, Borrelli I. Coping with burnout and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on workers' mental health: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1139260. [PMID: 37009102 PMCID: PMC10060559 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1139260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the psychological wellbeing of workers worldwide. Certain coping styles may increase burnout risk. To investigate the relationship between burnout and coping styles, a systematic review was performed. Methods Following the PRISMA statements, three databases were screened up until October 2022, including research articles written in English language and investigating the relationship between burnout and coping strategies in workers. The quality of articles was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results The initial search resulted in 3,413 records, 15 of which were included in this review. Most studies were performed on healthcare workers (n = 13, 86.6%) and included a majority of female workers (n = 13, 86.7%). The most used burnout assessment questionnaire was the Maslach Burnout Inventory (n = 8, 53.3%), and the most used coping assessment tool was the Brief-COPE (n = 6, 40.0%). Task-related coping was a protective factor for burnout in all four studies investigating its correlation with burnout dimensions. Two of the four studies investigating emotion-oriented coping found that it was protective while the other two found that it was predictive of burnout. All five studies investigating avoidance-oriented coping and burnout dimensions found that this coping style was predictive of burnout. Discussion Task-oriented and adaptive coping were protective for burnout, avoidance-oriented, and maladaptive coping were predictive factors of burnout. Mixed results were highlighted concerning emotion-oriented coping, suggesting that different outcomes of this coping style may depend on gender, with women relying more on it than men. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the effect of coping styles in individuals, and how these correlates with their unique characteristics. Training workers about appropriate coping styles to adopt may be essential to enact prevention strategies to reduce burnout incidence in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Rossi
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Gualano
- School of Medicine, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
- Leadership in Medicine Research Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Center for Global Health Research and Studies, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Moscato
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Emilio Santoro
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Borrelli
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Baenas I, Neufeld CB, Ramos R, Munguía L, Pessa RP, Rodrigues T, Jiménez-Murcia S, Gonçalves S, Teodoro MC, Pinto-Bastos A, Almeida NO, Granero R, Etxandi M, Soares SRS, Fernández-Aranda F, Machado PPP. Eating disorders during lockdown: the transcultural influence on eating and mood disturbances in Ibero-Brazilian population. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:39. [PMID: 36906672 PMCID: PMC10008014 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has implied exceptional restrictive measures to contain its widespread, with adverse consequences on mental health, especially for those people with a background of mental illness, such as eating disorders (EDs). In this population, the influence of socio-cultural aspects on mental health has been still underexplored. Then, the main aim of this study was to assess changes in eating and general psychopathology in people with EDs during lockdown regarding the ED subtype, age, and provenance, and considering socio-cultural aspects (e.g., socioeconomical factors such as work and financial losses, social support, restrictive measures, or health accessibility, among others). METHODS The clinical sample was composed of 264 female participants with EDs (74 anorexia nervosa (AN), 44 bulimia nervosa (BN), 81 binge eating disorder (BED), and 65 other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED)), with a mean age of 33.49 years old (SD = 12.54), from specialized ED units in Brazil, Portugal, and Spain. The participants were evaluated using the COVID-19 Isolation Eating Scale (CIES). RESULTS A global impairment in mood symptoms and emotion regulation was reported in all the ED subtypes, groups of age, and countries. Spanish and Portuguese individuals seemed more resilient than Brazilian ones (p < .05), who reported a more adverse socio-cultural context (i.e., physical health, socio-familial, occupational, and economic status) (p < .001). A global trend to eating symptoms worsening during lockdown was observed, regardless of the ED subtype, group of age, and country, but without reaching statistical significance. However, the AN and BED groups described the highest worsening of the eating habits during lockdown. Moreover, individuals with BED significantly increased their weight and body mass index, similarly to BN, and in contrast to the AN and OSFED groups. Finally, we failed to find significant differences between groups of age although the younger group described a significant worsening of the eating symptoms during lockdown. CONCLUSIONS This study reports a psychopathological impairment in patients with EDs during lockdown, being socio-cultural aspects potential modulatory factors. Individualized approaches to detect special vulnerable groups and long-term follow-ups are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Baenas
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmem Beatriz Neufeld
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Ramos
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Lab-Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lucero Munguía
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosane P Pessa
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia Rodrigues
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Lab-Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Lab-Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marília C Teodoro
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Pinto-Bastos
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Lab-Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nazaré O Almeida
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roser Granero
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikel Etxandi
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, IGTP Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
| | - Shauana R S Soares
- Program Public Health Nursing, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Barcelona, Spain. .,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Paulo P P Machado
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Lab-Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Baluku MM. Psychological Capital and Quality of life of Refugees in Uganda During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Serial Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 8:1-24. [PMID: 37361624 PMCID: PMC10000344 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-023-00091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has in the past two years caused and continues to cause enormous effects on lifestyle, mental health, and quality of life. With no known treatment and vaccination, behavioral control measures became central in controlling the pandemic. However, the intensity of the pandemic and the stringent control measures were immensely stressful. The control measures became an added psychological burden to people living in precarious situations such as refugees in low-income countries. Purpose: Given the benefits of psychological capital, the present study aimed at investigating the role of psychological capital in enhancing the quality of life among refugees in Uganda during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that the effects of psychological capital on quality of life are serially mediated through coping strategies, adherence to COVID-19 control measures, and mental health. Methods: Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire in July and August 2020 after the first lockdown. Participants were 353 South Sudanese and Somali refugees living in Kampala city suburbs and Bidibidi refugee settlement. Findings: Psychological capital was positively associated with approach coping, mental health, and quality of life. However, psychological capital was negatively associated with adherence to COVID-19 control measures. Significant indirect effects of psychological capital on quality of life through approach coping, mental health, and adherence were found. However, serial mediation effects were only substantial via approach coping and mental health. Conclusion: Psychological capital is an important resource in coping with the challenges posed by COVID-19 and maintaining a good level of psychological functioning and quality of life. Preserving and boosting psychological capital is essential in responding to COVID-19 and other related disasters and crises, which are common in vulnerable populations such as refugee communities in low-income countries.
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van der Kamp D, Torensma M, Vader S, Pijpker R, den Broeder L, Fransen MP, Wagemakers A. Exploring experiences with stressors and coping resources among Dutch socioeconomic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:7043187. [PMID: 36795099 PMCID: PMC9933839 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis impacts populations globally. This impact seems to differ for groups with low- and high-socioeconomic status (SES). We conducted a qualitative study in the Netherlands using a salutogenic perspective to examine experiences with stressors and coping resources during the pandemic among both SES groups to gain insight on how to promote the health and well-being of these groups. We conducted 10 focus group discussions and 20 interviews to explore the experiences, including resources and stressors, of respondents from low- (N = 37) and high-SES (N = 38) groups (25-55 years, Dutch speaking). We analyzed the findings at individual, community, and national levels. The results show that coping depends on government-imposed measures and the way individuals handle these measures; restriction to the home context with positive and negative consequences for work and leisure; psychological negative consequences and resourcefulness; and social effects related to unity (e.g. social cohesion or support) and division (including polarization). Respondents with lower SES expressed more problems with COVID-19 measures and experienced more social impact in their neighborhood than those with higher SES. Where low-SES groups especially mentioned the effects of staying at home on family life, high-SES groups mentioned effects on work life. At last, psychological consequences seem to differ somewhat across SES groups. Recommendations include consistent government-imposed measures and government communication, support for home schooling children, and strengthening the social fabric of neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani van der Kamp
- Health and Society, Social Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Roald Pijpker
- Health and Society, Social Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Lea den Broeder
- Centre for Health and Society, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands,Achieve, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam P Fransen
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Wageningen, the Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Program Quality of Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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50
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Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Patients with Sarcoma in the United Kingdom. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030956. [PMID: 36765920 PMCID: PMC9913479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a persistent concern among those living with cancer and is associated with a variety of negative psychosocial outcomes. However, people with sarcoma have been underrepresented within this area of research. We aimed to determine the prevalence of FCR experienced by people with sarcoma in the United Kingdom and explore factors that may predict FCR, such as the perceived impact of cancer and psychological flexibility. Participants (n = 229) with soft tissue (n = 167), bone (n = 25), and gastrointestinal stromal tumours (n = 33) completed an online survey including the self-reported measures of FCR, the perceived physical and psychological impact of cancer and psychological flexibility, and demographic information. Data were analysed using ANOVA and multiple regression modelling. Mean FCR scores (M = 91.4; SD = 26.5) were higher than those reported in meta-analytic data inclusive of all cancer types (M = 65.2; SD = 28.2). Interest in receiving support for FCR was also high (70%). Significant factors associated with FCR included cognitive and emotional distress and psychological flexibility, but not perceptions of the physical impact of cancer (R2 = 0.56). The negative association between psychological flexibility and FCR suggests the potential benefit of intervention approaches which foster psychological flexibility, such as acceptance and commitment therapy.
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