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Lekka P, Fragopoulou E, Terpou A, Dasenaki M. Exploring Human Metabolome after Wine Intake-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7616. [PMID: 38005338 PMCID: PMC10673339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine has a rich history dating back to 2200 BC, originally recognized for its medicinal properties. Today, with the aid of advanced technologies like metabolomics and sophisticated analytical techniques, we have gained remarkable insights into the molecular-level changes induced by wine consumption in the human organism. This review embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the alterations in human metabolome associated with wine consumption. A great number of 51 studies from the last 25 years were reviewed; these studies systematically investigated shifts in metabolic profiles within blood, urine, and feces samples, encompassing both short-term and long-term studies of the consumption of wine and wine derivatives. Significant metabolic alterations were observed in a wide variety of metabolites belonging to different compound classes, such as phenolic compounds, lipids, organic acids, and amino acids, among others. Within these classes, both endogenous metabolites as well as diet-related metabolites that exhibited up-regulation or down-regulation following wine consumption were included. The up-regulation of short-chain fatty acids and the down-regulation of sphingomyelins after wine intake, as well as the up-regulation of gut microbial fermentation metabolites like vanillic and syringic acid are some of the most important findings reported in the reviewed literature. Our results confirm the intact passage of certain wine compounds, such as tartaric acid and other wine acids, to the human organism. In an era where the health effects of wine consumption are of growing interest, this review offers a holistic perspective on the metabolic underpinnings of this centuries-old tradition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelagia Lekka
- Food Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece;
| | - Antonia Terpou
- Department of Agricultural Development, Agrofood and Management of Natural Resources, School of Agricultural Development, Nutrition & Sustainability, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece;
| | - Marilena Dasenaki
- Food Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
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Mohit, Tomar MS, Sharma D, Nandan S, Pateriya A, Shrivastava A, Chand P. Emerging role of metabolomics for biomarker discovery in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:1247-1254. [PMID: 36322226 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by the complete or partial blockage of the upper airway passage during sleep which causes repetitive breaks in sleep and may result in excessive daytime sleepiness. OSA has been linked to various metabolic disorders and chronic health conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and depression. Profiling of alterations in metabolites and their regulation in OSA has been hypothesized to be an effective approach for early diagnosis and prognosis of OSA. Several studies have characterized metabolic fingerprints associated with sleep disorders. There is a lack of understanding of metabolite contents and their alterations in OSA that may help to identify specific biomarkers. The information provided in this review will help update new methodologies and interventions of high throughput advanced molecular/metabolomics tools which may clarify the metabolic aspects and mechanisms for improved management and treatment of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit
- Department of Prosthodontics, King George's Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226003, India
- Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Manendra Singh Tomar
- Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Phytochemistry Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Shiv Nandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Ankit Pateriya
- Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Pooran Chand
- Department of Prosthodontics, King George's Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226003, India.
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Wang Z, Ahmad W, Zhu A, Geng W, Kang W, Ouyang Q, Chen Q. Identification of volatile compounds and metabolic pathway during ultrasound-assisted kombucha fermentation by HS-SPME-GC/MS combined with metabolomic analysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 94:106339. [PMID: 36842214 PMCID: PMC9984899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The current work combines headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) with multivariate analysis fusion metabonomics for examining metabolite profile changes. The correlation with metabolic pathways during the fermentation of kombucha tea were comprehensively explored. For optimizing the fermentation process, ultrasound-assisted factors were explored. A total of 132 metabolites released by fermented kombucha were detected by HS-SPME-GC/MS. We employed the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to present the relationship between aroma components and fermentation time, of which the first two principal components respectively accounted for 60.3% and 6.5% of the total variance. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that during the fermentation of kombucha tea, there were significant differences in the phenotypes of metabolites in the samples, and 25 characteristic metabolites were selected as biomarkers. Leaf alcohol was first proposed as the characteristic volatile in the fermentation process of kombucha. Furthermore, we addressed the generation pathways of characteristic volatiles, their formation mechanisms, and the transformational correlation among them. Our findings provide a roadmap for future kombucha fermentation processing to enhance kombucha flavor and aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Afang Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wenhui Geng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wencui Kang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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Zhou J, Tang L, Wang JS. Aflatoxin B1 Induces Gut-Inflammation-Associated Fecal Lipidome Changes in F344 Rats. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:363-377. [PMID: 34358323 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced intestinal epithelial damage in rodent models, which indicates that long-term exposure to AFB1 may cause chronic gut disorders. In this study we tested the hypothesis that AFB1-induced adverse effects on gut is mediated by gut-microbiota, which is partially reflected by the changes of fecal microbiome and metabolome. F344 rats were orally exposed to AFB1 of 0, 5, 25 and 75 µg kg-1 body weight for 4 weeks and fecal samples were collected. An ion-fragmentation-spectrum-based metabolomics approach was developed to investigate the fecal microbiota-associated metabolic changes in fecal samples. We found that AFB1 inhibited the hepatic and intestinal metabolism of bile constituents. As compared to the controls, bile acid synthesis-associated cholesterols in rats treated with 25 µg kg-1 (the middle-dose group) were significantly decreased in the fecal samples, e.g., lathosterol (45% reduction), cholesterol ester (21% reduction), chenodeoxycholic acid (20% reduction), dihydroxycholesterol (55% reduction), hydroxycholesterol (20% reduction), and 5-cholestene (29% reduction). While disease-associated lipids were not detectable in the feces of the control group, they were found in AFB1-treated groups, including diglyceride, monoacylglyceride, 19,20-dihydroxy-docosapentaenoic acid, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Metabolisms of carbohydrates and production of short chain fatty acids were remarkedly decreased in all treated groups. Moreover, an inflammatory-bowel-disease (IBD)-associated taxonomic structure of fecal microbiota was observed as ∼25% Lachnospiraceae, ∼25% Ruminococcaceae, < 1% Lactobacillales, which was similar to the composition pattern found in IBD patients. These results suggest that AFB1-induced disruption on gut-microbiota, partially reflected by fecal microbiome and metabolome, may play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic gut disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, China.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Lili Tang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
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5
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Du P, Song J, Qiu H, Liu H, Zhang L, Zhou J, Jiang S, Liu J, Zheng Y, Wang M. Polyphenols Extracted from Shanxi-Aged Vinegar Inhibit Inflammation in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages and ICR Mice via the Suppression of MAPK/NF-κB Pathway Activation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092745. [PMID: 34067016 PMCID: PMC8124351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Shanxi-aged vinegar, a traditional Chinese grain-fermented food that is rich in polyphenols, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases. However, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols extracted from Shanxi-aged vinegar (SAVEP) to date. The anti-inflammatory activities of SAVEP, both in RAW 264.7 macrophages and mice, were extensively investigated for the potential application of SAVEP as a novel anti-inflammatory agent. In order to confirm the notion that polyphenols could improve inflammatory symptoms, SAVEP was firstly detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 19 polyphenols were detected, including 12 phenolic acids. The study further investigated the protective effect of SAVEP on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages and ICR mice. The results showed that compared with those of the model group, SAVEP could remarkably recover the inflammation of macrophage RAW264.7 and ICR mice. SAVEP can normalise the expression of related proteins via the suppression of MAPK/NF-κB pathway activation, inhibiting the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, and consequently the production of inflammatory factors, thus alleviating inflammatory stress. These results suggest that SAVEP may have a potential function against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jia Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.); Tel.: +86-022-60601256 (J.S.); +86-022-60601256 (Y.Z.); +86-022-60600045 (M.W.)
| | - Huirui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junhan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shengping Jiang
- Research Center for Modern Analysis Techniques, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (S.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Research Center for Modern Analysis Techniques, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (S.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.); Tel.: +86-022-60601256 (J.S.); +86-022-60601256 (Y.Z.); +86-022-60600045 (M.W.)
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.); Tel.: +86-022-60601256 (J.S.); +86-022-60601256 (Y.Z.); +86-022-60600045 (M.W.)
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6
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Oesterle I, Braun D, Berry D, Wisgrill L, Rompel A, Warth B. Polyphenol Exposure, Metabolism, and Analysis: A Global Exposomics Perspective. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:461-484. [PMID: 33351643 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-062220-090807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are generally known for their health benefits and estimating actual exposure levels in health-related studies can be improved by human biomonitoring. Here, the application of newly available exposomic and metabolomic technology, notably high-resolution mass spectrometry, in the context of polyphenols and their biotransformation products, is reviewed. Comprehensive workflows for investigating these important bioactives in biological fluids or microbiome-related experiments are scarce. Consequently, this new era of nontargeted analysis and omic-scale exposure assessment offers a unique chance for better assessing exposure to, as well as metabolism of, polyphenols. In clinical and nutritional trials, polyphenols can be investigated simultaneously with the plethora of other chemicals to which we are exposed, i.e., the exposome, which may interact abundantly and modulate bioactivity. This research direction aims at ultimately eluting into atrue systems biology/toxicology evaluation of health effects associated with polyphenol exposure, especially during early life, to unravel their potential for preventing chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Oesterle
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; , , .,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dominik Braun
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; , ,
| | - David Berry
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; .,The Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Wisgrill
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Annette Rompel
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; , ,
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Fernández-Ochoa Á, Leyva-Jiménez FJ, De la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Pimentel-Moral S, Segura-Carretero A. The Role of High-Resolution Analytical Techniques in the Development of Functional Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063220. [PMID: 33809986 PMCID: PMC8004826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The approaches based on high-resolution analytical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance or mass spectrometry coupled to chromatographic techniques, have a determining role in several of the stages necessary for the development of functional foods. The analyses of botanical extracts rich in bioactive compounds is one of the fundamental steps in order to identify and quantify their phytochemical composition. However, the compounds characterized in the extracts are not always responsible for the bioactive properties because they generally undergo metabolic reactions before reaching the therapeutic targets. For this reason, analytical techniques are also applied to analyze biological samples to know the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and/or metabolism of the compounds ingested by animal or human models in nutritional intervention studies. In addition, these studies have also been applied to determine changes of endogenous metabolites caused by prolonged intake of compounds with bioactive potential. This review aims to describe the main types and modes of application of high-resolution analytical techniques in all these steps for functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Metabolomics Platform, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (Á.F.-O.); (M.D.l.L.C.-G.)
| | - Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - María De la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (Á.F.-O.); (M.D.l.L.C.-G.)
| | - Sandra Pimentel-Moral
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
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8
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Pang L, Xia B, Liu X, Yi Y, Jiang L, Chen C, Li P, Zhang M, Deng X, Wang R. Improvement of antifungal activity of a culture filtrate of endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from kiwifruit and its effect on postharvest quality of kiwifruit. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13551. [PMID: 33152809 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the optimization of culture conditions and medium components of M9, an endophytic strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which we had previously isolated from kiwifruit, and evaluation of its effect on kiwifruit postharvest protection against soft rot. The method of one-factor-at-a-time was used to determine the optimum culture conditions, and response surface methodology was applied to optimize the medium constituents. After optimization, a high rate of antifungal activity (73.12% decrease in decay rate) by M9 culture filtrate against the soft rot fungal pathogen, Botryosphaeria dothidea, was obtained. Compared with the initial culture conditions, the antifungal activity of M9 culture filtrate was increased by 19.5%. Furthermore, a postharvest storage experiment on kiwifruit showed that M9 culture filtrate could maintain the quality of stored kiwifruit, delay fruit senescence, and significantly enhance the storability of kiwifruit. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we found that the antifungal activity of M9 was associated with the presence of the C12-surfactin A lipopeptide. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Soft rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea is one of the most important diseases of kiwifruit, causing postharvest fruit rot. The disease progresses rapidly and is difficult to control, posing a great threat to the kiwifruit industry. In this study, the culture conditions and medium composition for culture of the strain M9 (kiwifruit endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) were optimized to maximize the inhibition of B. dothidea. A postharvest storage experiment showed that M9 culture filtrate could improve the disease resistance of kiwifruits, delay the senescence of the fruits, and maintain the quality of kiwifruit during storage. Because M9 is a natural endophyte of kiwifruit, the strategy used in this study was both effective and safe. This work will contribute to the exploitation of B. amyloliquefaciens in controlling the pathogens of kiwifruit and the development of safer and more advanced strategies for the postharvest protection of kiwifruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiubin Liu
- Center of Analytic Service, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Youjin Yi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Pao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinbei Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Rencai Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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9
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Valdez JC, Cho J, Bolling BW. Aronia berry inhibits disruption of Caco-2 intestinal barrier function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 688:108409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Dietary Fibres Differentially Impact on the Production of Phenolic Acids from Rutin in an In Vitro Fermentation Model of the Human Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061577. [PMID: 32481553 PMCID: PMC7352394 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are often ingested alongside dietary fibres. They are both catabolised by, and may influence, the intestinal microbiota; yet, interactions between them and the impact on their resultant microbial products are poorly understood. Dietary fibres (inulin, pectin, psyllium, pyrodextrin, wheat bran, cellulose—three doses) were fermented in vitro with human faeces (n = 10) with and without rutin (20 µg/mL), a common dietary flavonol glycoside. Twenty-eight phenolic metabolites and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured over 24 h. Several phenolic metabolites were produced during fibre fermentation, without rutin. With rutin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4diOHPAA), 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3OHPAA), 3-(3 hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3OHPPA) and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3,4diOHPPA; DOPAC) were produced, with 3,4diOHPAA the most abundant, confirmed by fermentation of 13C labelled quercetin. The addition of inulin, wheat bran or pyrodextrin increased 3,4diOHPAA 2 2.5-fold over 24 h (p < 0.05). Rutin affected SCFA production, but this depended on fibre, fibre concentration and timepoint. With inulin, rutin increased pH at 6 h from 4.9 to 5.6 (p = 0.01) but increased propionic, butyric and isovaleric acid (1.9, 1.6 and 5-fold, p < 0.05 at 24 h). Interactions between fibre and phenolics modify production of phenolic acids and SCFA and may be key in enhancing health benefits.
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11
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Jiang L, Mu Y, Wei S, Mu Y, Zhao C. Study on the dynamic changes and formation pathways of metabolites during the fermentation of black waxy rice wine. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2288-2298. [PMID: 32405386 PMCID: PMC7215209 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Black waxy rice wine fermentation metabolites are closely related to the product's final quality. However, little is known about dynamic metabolite changes during fermentation. Here, we used gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis to explore the relationship between metabolites and fermentation time. A total of 159 metabolites were identified during the entire fermentation process. The PCA analysis revealed a clear separation between the samples after 4 days and 2 days, and the samples after 4-24 days clustered together. This indicated that BGRW fermentation progresses rapidly in the first 48 hr of fermentation. A total of 40 metabolites were identified as differential during fermentation (VIP > 1 and p < .05), including 12 organic acids, four amino acids, one fatty acid, 17 sugars and sugar alcohols, one alcohol, and five other metabolites. Pathway analysis showed that the differential metabolites were involved in 28 metabolic pathways, and the most commonly influenced pathways (impact value > 0.1 and p < .05) were galactose metabolism, pyruvate metabolism; starch and sucrose metabolism; alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamate metabolism; the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylic acid, and dicarboxylic acid metabolism; and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Moreover, the integrated metabolic pathway was generated to understand the transformation and accumulation of differential metabolites. Overall, these results provide a comprehensive overview of metabolite changes during black waxy rice wine fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- School of Liquor and Food EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Yingchun Mu
- School of Liquor and Food EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Su Wei
- School of Liquor and Food EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Yu Mu
- School of Liquor and Food EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuizhouChina
| | - Chi Zhao
- School of Liquor and Food EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuizhouChina
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Tan J, Balasubramanian B, Sukha D, Ramkissoon S, Umaharan P. Sensing fermentation degree of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans by machine learning classification models based electronic nose system. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juzhong Tan
- Department of Food ScienceRutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey
| | | | - Darin Sukha
- Cocoa Research CentreUniversity of West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Saila Ramkissoon
- Cocoa Research CentreUniversity of West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago
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13
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In vitro impact of amino acid-derived bacterial metabolites on colonocyte mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress response and DNA integrity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1292-1301. [PMID: 31034912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HO-PAA) is produced by intestinal microbiota from L-tyrosine. High concentrations in human fecal water have been associated with cytotoxicity, urging us to test HO-PAA's effects on human colonocytes. We compared these effects with those of phenylacetic acid (PAA), phenol and acetaldehyde, also issued from amino acids fermentation. METHODS HT-29 Glc-/+ human colonocytes were exposed for 24 h to metabolites at concentrations between 350 and 1000 μM for HO-PAA and PAA, 250-1500 μM for phenol and 25-500 μM for acetaldehyde. We evaluated metabolites'cytotoxicity with 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and DNA quantification assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with H2DCF-DA, and DNA damage with the comet assay. We measured cell oxygen consumption and mitochondrial complexes activity by polarography. RESULTS Although HO-PAA displayed no cytotoxic effect on colonocytes, it decreased mitochondrial complex I activity and oxygen consumption. This was paralleled by an increase in ROS production and DNA alteration. Cells pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger, decreased genotoxic effects of HO-PAA, indicating implication of oxidative stress in HO-PAA's genotoxicity. PAA and phenol did not reproduce these effects, but were cytotoxic towards colonocytes. Last, acetaldehyde displayed no effect in terms of cytotoxicity and mitochondrial metabolic activity, but increased DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS Several bacterial metabolites produced from amino acids displayed deleterious effects on human colonocytes, in terms of genotoxicity (HO-PAA and acetaldehyde) or cytotoxicity (PAA and phenol). GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study helps understanding the consequences of intestinal microbiota's metabolic activity on the host since amino acids fermentation can lead to the formation of compounds toxic towards colonic epithelial cells.
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14
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Dai C, Huang X, Huang D, Lv R, Sun J, Zhang Z, Ma M, Aheto JH. Detection of submerged fermentation ofTremella aurantialbausing data fusion of electronic nose and tongue. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Dai
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
- School of Electrical and Information EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Xingyi Huang
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Daming Huang
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Riqin Lv
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Sun
- School of Electrical and Information EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Mei Ma
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
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15
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Karu N, Deng L, Slae M, Guo AC, Sajed T, Huynh H, Wine E, Wishart DS. A review on human fecal metabolomics: Methods, applications and the human fecal metabolome database. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1030:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Carry E, Zhao D, Mogno I, Faith J, Ho L, Villani T, Patel H, Pasinetti GM, Simon JE, Wu Q. Targeted analysis of microbial-generated phenolic acid metabolites derived from grape flavanols by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:374-383. [PMID: 30032004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Grape-derived products contain a wide array of bioactive phenolic compounds which are of significant interest to consumers and researchers for their multiple health benefits. The majority of bioavailable grape polyphenols, including the most abundant flavan-3-ols, i.e. (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, undergo extensive microbial metabolism in the gut, forming metabolites that can be highly bioavailable and bioactive. To gain a better understanding in microbial metabolism of grape polyphenols and to identify bioactive metabolites, advanced analytical methods are needed to accurately quantitate microbial-derived metabolites, particularly at trace levels, in addition to their precursors. This work describes the development and validation of a high-throughput, sensitive and reproducible GC-QqQ/MS method operated under MRM mode that allowed the identification and quantification of 16 phenolic acid metabolites, along with (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, in flavanol-enriched broth samples anaerobically fermented with human intestinal bacteria. Excellent sensitivity was achieved with low limits of detection and low limits of quantification in the range of 0.24-6.18 ng/mL and 0.480-12.37 ng/mL, respectively. With the exception of hippuric acid, recoveries of most analytes were greater than 85%. The percent accuracies for almost all analytes were within ±23% and precision results were all below 18%. Application of the developed method to in vitro samples fermented with different human gut microbiota revealed distinct variations in the extent of flavanol catabolism, as well as production of bioactive phenolic acid metabolites. These results support that intestinal microbiota have a significant impact on the production of flavanol metabolites. The successful application of the established method demonstrates its applicability and robustness for analysis of grape flavanols and their microbial metabolites in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Carry
- New Use Agriculture & Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Danyue Zhao
- New Use Agriculture & Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ilaria Mogno
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jeremiah Faith
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lap Ho
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Tom Villani
- New Use Agriculture & Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Harna Patel
- New Use Agriculture & Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - James E Simon
- New Use Agriculture & Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture & Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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The urinary phenolic acid profile varies between younger and older adults after a polyphenol-rich meal despite limited differences in in vitro colonic catabolism. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1095-1111. [PMID: 29488010 PMCID: PMC6499760 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether age influences colonic polyphenol metabolism. METHODS Healthy participants, younger (n = 8; 23-43 years) and older (n = 13; 51-76 years), followed a 3-day low-polyphenol diet (LPD) and a 3-day high-polyphenol diet (HPD). Urinary phenolic acids (PA), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), pH and gas were monitored, alongside selected colonic bacteria. Human faecal in vitro fermentations of rutin with or without raftiline were used to evaluate the gut microbiota capacity in a subset of both groups. RESULTS Total urinary PA were higher in the older group after HPD compared to the younger group (1.5-fold; p = 0.04), with no difference between groups in terms of a change between diets (Δ high-low diet). While 17 PA were detected in all younger participants after HPD, a narrower range (n = 8 to 16 PA) was detected in most (n = 9/13) older participants, with lower level of benzoic acid (19-fold; p = 0.03), vanillic acid (4.5-fold; p = 0.04) but higher hippuric acid (2.7-fold; p = 0.03). Faecal SCFA concentration did not change after HPD within group, with similar differential excretion (Δ high-low diet) between groups. There were no differences between groups for faecal pH, total, faecal bacteria including Flavonifractor plautii, bifidobacteria, and bacteroides. In human in vitro faecal fermentations, seven PAs were detected in both groups after 24 h of rutin fermentation, with no quantitative and modest qualitative differences between groups. Total SCFA in faecal fermentation did not differ between groups, except for butyric acid (twofold higher in the older group; p = 0.009) when rutin was fermented with raftiline over 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Urinary phenolic acids were less diverse in older participants despite limited difference in functional capacity of in vitro faecal fermentations.
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Alba C MA, Daya M, Franck C. Tart Cherries and health: Current knowledge and need for a better understanding of the fate of phytochemicals in the human gastrointestinal tract. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:626-638. [PMID: 28956621 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1384918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tart cherries are increasingly popular due to purported health benefits. This Prunus cesarus species is cultivated worldwide, and its market has increased significantly in the last two decades due to improvements in agricultural practices and food processing technology. Tart cherries are rich in polyphenols, with a very specific profile combining anthocyanins and flavonols (berries-like) and chlorogenic acid (coffee-like). Tart cherries have been suggested to exert several potentially beneficial health effects including: lowering blood pressure, modulating blood glucose, enhancing cognitive function, protecting against oxidative stress and reducing inflammation. Studies focusing on tart cherry consumption have demonstrated particular benefits in recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage and diabetes associated parameters. However, the bioconversion of tart cherry polyphenols by resident colonic microbiota has never been considered, considerably reducing the impact of in vitro studies that have relied on fruit polyphenol extracts. In vitro and in vivo gut microbiota and metabolome studies are necessary to reinforce health claims linked to tart cherries consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayta-Apaza Alba C
- a Department of Food Science and Center for Human Nutrition , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , United States
| | - Marasini Daya
- a Department of Food Science and Center for Human Nutrition , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , United States
| | - Carbonero Franck
- a Department of Food Science and Center for Human Nutrition , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , United States
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Khakimov B, Christiansen LD, Heins A, Sørensen KM, Schöller C, Clausen A, Skov T, Gernaey KV, Engelsen SB. Untargeted GC‐MS Metabolomics Reveals Changes in the Metabolite Dynamics of Industrial Scale Batch Fermentations of
Streptoccoccus thermophilus
Broth. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bekzod Khakimov
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Food ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1958 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | | | - Anna‐Lena Heins
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkBuilding 2292800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Klavs M. Sørensen
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Food ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1958 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | | | | | - Thomas Skov
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Food ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1958 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Krist V. Gernaey
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkBuilding 2292800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Søren B. Engelsen
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Food ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1958 Frederiksberg CDenmark
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20
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Rist MJ, Roth A, Frommherz L, Weinert CH, Krüger R, Merz B, Bunzel D, Mack C, Egert B, Bub A, Görling B, Tzvetkova P, Luy B, Hoffmann I, Kulling SE, Watzl B. Metabolite patterns predicting sex and age in participants of the Karlsruhe Metabolomics and Nutrition (KarMeN) study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183228. [PMID: 28813537 PMCID: PMC5558977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and functional parameters, such as body composition, or physical fitness are known to differ between men and women and to change with age. The goal of this study was to investigate how sex and age-related physiological conditions are reflected in the metabolome of healthy humans and whether sex and age can be predicted based on the plasma and urine metabolite profiles. In the cross-sectional KarMeN (Karlsruhe Metabolomics and Nutrition) study 301 healthy men and women aged 18–80 years were recruited. Participants were characterized in detail applying standard operating procedures for all measurements including anthropometric, clinical, and functional parameters. Fasting blood and 24 h urine samples were analyzed by targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches, namely by mass spectrometry coupled to one- or comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography or liquid chromatography, and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This yielded in total more than 400 analytes in plasma and over 500 analytes in urine. Predictive modelling was applied on the metabolomics data set using different machine learning algorithms. Based on metabolite profiles from urine and plasma, it was possible to identify metabolite patterns which classify participants according to sex with > 90% accuracy. Plasma metabolites important for the correct classification included creatinine, branched-chain amino acids, and sarcosine. Prediction of age was also possible based on metabolite profiles for men and women, separately. Several metabolites important for this prediction could be identified including choline in plasma and sedoheptulose in urine. For women, classification according to their menopausal status was possible from metabolome data with > 80% accuracy. The metabolite profile of human urine and plasma allows the prediction of sex and age with high accuracy, which means that sex and age are associated with a discriminatory metabolite signature in healthy humans and therefore should always be considered in metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela J. Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Roth
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lara Frommherz
- Department of Quality and Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph H. Weinert
- Department of Quality and Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Krüger
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benedikt Merz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Diana Bunzel
- Department of Quality and Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carina Mack
- Department of Quality and Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Björn Egert
- Department of Quality and Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin Görling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pavleta Tzvetkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Burkhard Luy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hoffmann
- Department of Nutrition Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine E. Kulling
- Department of Quality and Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Bustamante L, Cárdenas D, von Baer D, Pastene E, Duran-Sandoval D, Vergara C, Mardones C. Evaluation of microextraction by packed sorbent, liquid-liquid microextraction and derivatization pretreatment of diet-derived phenolic acids in plasma by gas chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3487-3496. [PMID: 28657140 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized sample pretreatments for the analysis of phenolic metabolites in plasma, involving protein precipitation, enzymatic deconjugation, extraction procedures, and different derivatization reactions were systematically evaluated. The analyses were conducted by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the evaluation of 40 diet-derived phenolic compounds. Enzyme purification was necessary for the phenolic deconjugation before extraction. Trimethylsilanization reagent and two different tetrabutylammonium salts for derivatization reactions were compared. The optimum reaction conditions were 50 μL of trimethylsilanization reagent at 90°C for 30 min, while tetrabutylammonium salts were associated with loss of sensitivity due to rapid activation of the inert gas chromatograph liner. Phenolic acids extractions from plasma were optimized. Optimal microextraction by packed sorbent performance was achieved using an octadecylsilyl packed bed and better recoveries for less polar compounds, such as methoxylated derivatives, were observed. Despite the low recovery for many analytes, repeatability using an automated extraction procedure in the gas chromatograph inlet was 2.5%. Instead, using liquid-liquid microextraction, better recoveries (80-110%) for all analytes were observed at the expense of repeatability (3.8-18.4%). The phenolic compounds in gerbil plasma samples, collected before and 4 h after the administration of a calafate extract, were analyzed with the optimized methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bustamante
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Diana Cárdenas
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Dietrich von Baer
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Edgar Pastene
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniel Duran-Sandoval
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carola Vergara
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Mardones
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Nascimento TA, Calado V, Carvalho CW. Effect of Brewer's spent grain and temperature on physical properties of expanded extrudates from rice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Figueira I, Menezes R, Macedo D, Costa I, Nunes dos Santos C. Polyphenols Beyond Barriers: A Glimpse into the Brain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:562-594. [PMID: 27784225 PMCID: PMC5543676 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666161026151545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing can be simply defined as the process of becoming older, which is genetically determined but also environmentally modulated. With the continuous increase of life expectancy, quality of life during ageing has become one of the biggest challenges of developed countries. The quest for a healthy ageing has led to the extensive study of plant polyphenols with the aim to prevent age-associated deterioration and diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. The world of polyphenols has fascinated researchers over the past decades, and in vitro, cell-based, animal and human studies have attempted to unravel the mechanisms behind dietary polyphenols neuroprotection. METHODS In this review, we compiled some of the extensive and ever-growing research in the field, highlighting some of the most recent trends in the area. RESULTS The main findings regarding polypolyphenols neuroprotective potential performed using in vitro, cellular and animal studies, as well as human trials are covered in this review. Concepts like bioavailability, polyphenols biotransformation, transport of dietary polyphenols across barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, are here explored. CONCLUSION The diversity and holistic properties of polypolyphenol present them as an attractive alternative for the treatment of multifactorial diseases, where a multitude of cellular pathways are disrupted. The underlying mechanisms of polypolyphenols for nutrition or therapeutic applications must be further consolidated, however there is strong evidence of their beneficial impact on brain function during ageing. Nevertheless, only the tip of the iceberg of nutritional and pharmacological potential of dietary polyphenols is hitherto understood and further research needs to be done to fill the gaps in pursuing a healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras
| | - Regina Menezes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras
| | - Diana Macedo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras
| | - Inês Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras
| | - Cláudia Nunes dos Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras
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Draijer R, van Dorsten FA, Zebregs YE, Hollebrands B, Peters S, Duchateau GS, Grün CH. Impact of Proteins on the Uptake, Distribution, and Excretion of Phenolics in the Human Body. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8120814. [PMID: 27983686 PMCID: PMC5188469 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, a complex group of secondary plant metabolites, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been studied in depth for their health-related benefits. The activity of polyphenols may, however, be hampered when consumed together with protein-rich food products, due to the interaction between polyphenols and proteins. To that end we have tested the bioavailability of representatives of a range of polyphenol classes when consumed for five days in different beverage matrices. In a placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over study, 35 healthy males received either six placebo gelatine capsules consumed with 200 mL of water, six capsules with 800 mg polyphenols derived from red wine and grape extracts, or the same dose of polyphenols incorporated into 200 mL of either pasteurized dairy drink, soy drink (both containing 3.4% proteins) or fruit-flavoured protein-free drink . At the end of the intervention urine and blood was collected and analysed for a broad range of phenolic compounds using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography–Multiple Reaction Monitoring–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques. The plasma and urine concentrations of the polyphenols identified increased with all formats, including the protein-rich beverages. Compared to capsule ingestion, consumption of polyphenol-rich beverages containing either dairy, soy or no proteins had minor to no effect on the bioavailability and excretion of phenolic compounds in plasma (118% ± 9%) and urine (98% ± 2%). We conclude that intake of polyphenols incorporated in protein-rich drinks does not have a major impact on the bioavailability of a range of different polyphenols and phenolic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Draijer
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, Vlaardingen 3133 AT, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Yvonne E Zebregs
- Eurofins Global Central Laboratory, Breda 4817 PA, The Netherlands.
| | - Boudewijn Hollebrands
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, Vlaardingen 3133 AT, The Netherlands.
| | - Sonja Peters
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, Vlaardingen 3133 AT, The Netherlands.
| | - Guus S Duchateau
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, Vlaardingen 3133 AT, The Netherlands.
| | - Christian H Grün
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, Vlaardingen 3133 AT, The Netherlands.
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Wu D, Zhang X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Wang X, Wang X, Xu L. Chemiluminescence of off-line and on-line gold nanoparticle-catalyzed luminol system in the presence of flavonoid. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 32:666-673. [PMID: 27860239 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It was found that flavonoids could remarkably inhibit the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity of an off-line gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-catalyzed luminol-H2 O2 CL system. By contrast, flavonoids enhanced the CL intensity of an on-line AuNP-catalyzed luminol-H2 O2 CL system. In the off-line system, the AuNPs were prepared beforehand, whereas in the on-line system, AuNPs were produced by on-line mixing of luminol prepared in a buffer solution of NaHCO3 - Na2 CO3 and HAuCl4 with no need for the preliminary preparation of AuNPs. The on-line system had prominent advantages over the off-line system, namely a lowering of the background noise and improvements in the stability of the CL system. The results show that differences in the signal suppression effect of flavonoids on the off-line AuNP-catalyzed CL system are influenced by the combined action of a free radical scavenging effect and occupy-sites function; the latter was proved to be predominant using controlled experiments. Enhancement of the on-line system was ascribed to the presence of flavonoids promoting the on-line formation of AuNPs, which better catalyzed the luminol-H2 O2 CL reaction, and the enhancement activity of the six flavonoids increased with the increase in reducibility. This work broadens the scope of practical applications of an AuNP-catalyzed CL system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuyang Second People's Hospital, Fuyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuxin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, People's Republic of China
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26
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Lara-Guzmán OJ, Álvarez-Quintero R, Osorio E, Naranjo-Cano M, Muñoz-Durango K. GC/MS method to quantify bioavailable phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity determination of plasma after acute coffee consumption in human volunteers. Food Res Int 2016; 89:219-226. [PMID: 28460908 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coffee, a source of chlorogenic acids (CGAs), is recognized for preventing chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, sensitive, selective and easy access methods for the determination of the bioavailability and antioxidant function in vivo are required in clinical studies. The aim of this work was to validate a GC/MS method to quantify caffeic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA) and to apply different methodologies to determine the antioxidant capacity of plasma after the acute consumption of 420mg of CGAs provided by 400mL of coffee. The intervention was performed in 20 adults (6 men and 14 women) with a mean±SD age of 35.7±9.0 and body mass index of 22.1±1.6kg who were assigned to 2 groups: a control group and a group that consumed coffee. The validated analytical GC/MS method was exact, precise and selective. The selected derivatizing reagent was N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide with 1% tertbutyldimethylchlorosilane (MTBSTFA+1% TBDMSCl). The method was reproducible, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 3nM for CA and 5nM for FA. CA and FA were detected in plasma 1h after coffee intake and were undetectable in the control group. Compared to the baseline values, the antioxidant capacity of plasma significantly increased when it was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (6.67%; P<0.001) and by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) (7.16%; P<0.05). The in vitro and ex vivo experiments on plasma with CA and FA showed a significant increase of the antioxidant activity (P<0.05) as well as delay of LDL oxidation (P<0.001). The method validated by GC/MS was proposed as an alternative for evaluating the bioavailability of ACG after acute coffee intake. The need for in vitro methodologies was demonstrated to determine the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Javier Lara-Guzmán
- Vidarium, Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Nutresa Business Group, Calle 8 Sur No. 50-67, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Rafael Álvarez-Quintero
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Edison Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Mauricio Naranjo-Cano
- Colcafé Research Coffee Group, Industria Colombiana de Café S.A.S, Calle 8 Sur No. 50-19, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Katalina Muñoz-Durango
- Vidarium, Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Nutresa Business Group, Calle 8 Sur No. 50-67, Medellín, Colombia.
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Khakimov B, Mongi RJ, Sørensen KM, Ndabikunze BK, Chove BE, Engelsen SB. A comprehensive and comparative GC-MS metabolomics study of non-volatiles in Tanzanian grown mango, pineapple, jackfruit, baobab and tamarind fruits. Food Chem 2016; 213:691-699. [PMID: 27451236 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tropical fruits contribute significantly to the total fruit intake worldwide. However, their metabolomes have not yet been investigated comprehensively, as most previous studies revealed only volatile and bulk compositions. This study compares non-volatile metabolites of five fruits grown in Tanzania. A new methodology is developed for broad-spectrum GC-MS metabolomics in fruits using a new derivatization and a two dimensional peak deconvolution techniques. A total of 92 peaks were detected from fruits of which 45 were identified. Jackfruits contained the highest amount of carbohydrates, while baobab contained the highest amount of fatty acids. The highest content of organic acids was detected in tamarind. Principal component analysis revealed insights into metabolic differences and similarities, while hierarchical cluster analysis correctly grouped the fruits according to their relationships in plants' phylogenetic tree. The developed methodology could potentially be applied in large-scale studies on fruit quality, authenticity/variety, optimization of post-harvest processing and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Richard J Mongi
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Klavs M Sørensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bernadette K Ndabikunze
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Bernard E Chove
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3006, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Søren Balling Engelsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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28
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Takis PG, Oraiopoulou ME, Konidaris C, Troganis AN. 1H-NMR based metabolomics study for the detection of the human urine metabolic profile effects of Origanum dictamnus tea ingestion. Food Funct 2016; 7:4104-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00560h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
NMR based metabolomics clarify theOriganum dictamnustea effect upon the human urine metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panteleimon G. Takis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology
- University of Ioannina
- GR-451 10 Ioannina
- Greece
| | - Mariam-Eleni Oraiopoulou
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology
- University of Ioannina
- GR-451 10 Ioannina
- Greece
| | - Constantinos Konidaris
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology
- University of Ioannina
- GR-451 10 Ioannina
- Greece
| | - Anastassios N. Troganis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology
- University of Ioannina
- GR-451 10 Ioannina
- Greece
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29
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van der Pijl PC, Foltz M, Glube ND, Peters S, Duchateau GS. Pharmacokinetics of black tea-derived phenolic acids in plasma. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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30
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Bohn T, McDougall GJ, Alegría A, Alminger M, Arrigoni E, Aura A, Brito C, Cilla A, El SN, Karakaya S, Martínez‐Cuesta MC, Santos CN. Mind the gap-deficits in our knowledge of aspects impacting the bioavailability of phytochemicals and their metabolites--a position paper focusing on carotenoids and polyphenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1307-23. [PMID: 25988374 PMCID: PMC5033009 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Various secondary plant metabolites or phytochemicals, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have been associated with a variety of health benefits, such as reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and several types of cancer, most likely due to their involvement in ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress. However, discrepancies exist between their putative effects when comparing observational and intervention studies, especially when using pure compounds. These discrepancies may in part be explained by differences in intake levels and their bioavailability. Prior to exerting their bioactivity, these compounds must be made bioavailable, and considerable differences may arise due to their matrix release, changes during digestion, uptake, metabolism, and biodistribution, even before considering dose- and host-related factors. Though many insights have been gained on factors affecting secondary plant metabolite bioavailability, many gaps still exist in our knowledge. In this position paper, we highlight several major gaps in our understanding of phytochemical bioavailability, including effects of food processing, changes during digestion, involvement of cellular transporters in influx/efflux through the gastrointestinal epithelium, changes during colonic fermentation, and their phase I and phase II metabolism following absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvauxLuxembourg
| | | | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science AreaFaculty of Pharmacy, University of ValenciaAv. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/nBurjassotValenciaSpain
| | - Marie Alminger
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
| | - Eva Arrigoni
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS)WädenswilSwitzerland
| | | | - Catarina Brito
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science AreaFaculty of Pharmacy, University of ValenciaAv. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/nBurjassotValenciaSpain
| | - Sedef N. El
- Ege UniversityEngineering Faculty, Food Engineering DepartmentIzmirTurkey
| | - Sibel Karakaya
- Ege UniversityEngineering Faculty, Food Engineering DepartmentIzmirTurkey
| | | | - Claudia N. Santos
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
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31
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Bohn T, McDougall GJ, Alegría A, Alminger M, Arrigoni E, Aura A, Brito C, Cilla A, El SN, Karakaya S, Martínez‐Cuesta MC, Santos CN. Mind the gap—deficits in our knowledge of aspects impacting the bioavailability of phytochemicals and their metabolites—a position paper focusing on carotenoids and polyphenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400745 pmid: 25988374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology Belvaux Luxembourg
| | | | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Marie Alminger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Eva Arrigoni
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS) Wädenswil Switzerland
| | | | - Catarina Brito
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Sedef N. El
- Ege University Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department Izmir Turkey
| | - Sibel Karakaya
- Ege University Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department Izmir Turkey
| | | | - Claudia N. Santos
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal
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32
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Wiese S, Esatbeyoglu T, Winterhalter P, Kruse HP, Winkler S, Bub A, Kulling SE. Comparative biokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric flavan-3-ols: a randomized cross-over study in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:610-21. [PMID: 25546356 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Flavan-3-ols are abundant polyphenols in human nutrition and are associated with beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the metabolic fate of (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B1, and polymeric procyanidins in a randomized cross-over study in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS Parent compounds, conjugates, and microbial metabolites were determined in plasma, urine, and faeces by HPLC-MS and GC-MS/MS. Glucuronidated, sulfated, and methylated (-)-epicatechin and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone were the dominant metabolites in blood and urine. In addition, minor amounts of procyanidin B1 and 4-hydroxy-5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)valeric acid and their conjugated metabolites were detected. The formation of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone and 4-hydroxy-5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)valeric acid varied largely between individuals as well as with the degree of polymerization of flavan-3-ols. Monomer units were not detectable in plasma or urine after procyanidin B1 and polymeric procyanidin intake. No correlation was found between the intake of flavan-3-ols and the occurrence of phenolic acids in blood and urine or the phenolic compound profiles in faeces. CONCLUSION In addition to conjugated metabolites derived from the absorption of monomeric flavan-3-ols, 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone represents an important in vivo metabolite of (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B1 produced by the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wiese
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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33
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Conlon MA, Bird AR. The impact of diet and lifestyle on gut microbiota and human health. Nutrients 2014; 7:17-44. [PMID: 25545101 PMCID: PMC4303825 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 863] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition of the role of diet and other environmental factors in modulating the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota, which in turn can impact health. This narrative review explores the relevant contemporary scientific literature to provide a general perspective of this broad area. Molecular technologies have greatly advanced our understanding of the complexity and diversity of the gut microbial communities within and between individuals. Diet, particularly macronutrients, has a major role in shaping the composition and activity of these complex populations. Despite the body of knowledge that exists on the effects of carbohydrates there are still many unanswered questions. The impacts of dietary fats and protein on the gut microbiota are less well defined. Both short- and long-term dietary change can influence the microbial profiles, and infant nutrition may have life-long consequences through microbial modulation of the immune system. The impact of environmental factors, including aspects of lifestyle, on the microbiota is particularly poorly understood but some of these factors are described. We also discuss the use and potential benefits of prebiotics and probiotics to modify microbial populations. A description of some areas that should be addressed in future research is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Conlon
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Kintore Ave, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Anthony R Bird
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Kintore Ave, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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34
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Fuchs D, de Graaf Y, van Kerckhoven R, Draijer R. Effect of tea theaflavins and catechins on microvascular function. Nutrients 2014; 6:5772-85. [PMID: 25514559 PMCID: PMC4276998 DOI: 10.3390/nu6125772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of flavonoid-rich black and green tea on macrocirculation have been well established. Theaflavins are unique to black tea as they are formed from catechins during the enzymatic oxidation of tea leaves. The study was performed to gain more insight into the effects of theaflavins on microcirculation and to compare effects with another important flavonoid class, the green tea derived catechins, which have been reported to improve vascular function. Twenty-four healthy subjects were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, cross-over study. On six different days, subjects received capsules with a single dose of catechins (500 mg), four varying doses of theaflavins (100 to 500 mg) or placebo. Microcirculation was assessed after each treatment by Pulse Amplitude Tonometry (EndoPAT) at baseline and 2, 4 and 6 h after test product intake. The EndoPAT reactive hyperemia response was improved by 500 mg catechins (reactive hyperemia index (RHI): 0.2; p = 0.04) and by 500 mg theaflavins (RHI: 0.19; p = 0.06) compared to placebo. Also, 300 mg theaflavins increased the RHI (0.28; p = 0.02), but no effects were observed at lower doses. The study suggests moderate effects of single doses of catechins and theaflavins on peripheral microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Fuchs
- Unilever Research & Development, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
| | - Young de Graaf
- Unilever Research & Development, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Richard Draijer
- Unilever Research & Development, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
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35
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Geng Q, Zhao XH. Influences of exogenous probiotics and tea polyphenols on the production of three acids during the simulated colonic fermentation of maize resistant starch. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:5874-81. [PMID: 26345003 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, influences of nine probiotics and tea polyphenols on the production of acetic, butyric, and lactic acid from simulated colonic fermentation of maize resistant starch (RS) were investigated. RS was fermented by fecal extracts of healthy adults at 12 g L(-1) and 37 °C for 18-48 h in the presence and absence of exogenous probiotics and tea polyphenols. The added probiotics increased acetic and butyric acid production by 25-216 %. Eubacterium faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, and L. helveticus increased lactic acid production by 7-58 %; however, other probiotics decreased lactic acid production. Tea polyphenols facilitated lactic acid production but inhibited acetic and butyric acid production clearly. More importantly, the added probiotics weakened the inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols on the two acids, enhancing acetic and butyric acid production by 152-641 and 825-1,777 %, respectively. It is concluded that both probiotics and tea polyphenols have different impacts on the production of acetic, butyric and lactic acid during the colonic fermentation of RS. The impacts of other probiotics and food components on the colonic fermentation of RS and other dietary fibers should be investigated in future study to clarify their possible interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Geng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People's Republic of China ; Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People's Republic of China ; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Ou K, Sarnoski P, Schneider KR, Song K, Khoo C, Gu L. Microbial catabolism of procyanidins by human gut microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2196-205. [PMID: 25045165 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE A major portion of ingested procyanidins is degraded by human microbiota in the colon into various phenolic compounds. These microbial metabolites are thought to contribute to the health benefits of procyanidins in vivo. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the microbial metabolites of procyanidins after anaerobic fermentation with human microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS (-)-Epicatechin, (+)-catechin, procyanidin B2, procyanidin A2, partially purified apple and cranberry procyanidins were incubated with human microbiota at a concentration equivalent to 0.5 mM epicatechin. GC-MS analysis showed that common metabolites of all six substrates were benzoic acid, 2-phenylacetic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 2-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 3-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, and hydroxyphenylvaleric acid. 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactones and 5-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactones were identified as the microbial metabolites of epicatechin, catechin, procyanidin B2, and apple procyanidins but not from the procyanidin A2 or cranberry procyanidin ferments. 2-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid was only found in the fermented broth of procyanidin B2, A2, apple, and cranberry procyanidins. The mass recoveries of microbial metabolites range from 20.0 to 56.9% for the six substrates after 24 h of fermentation. CONCLUSION Procyanidins, both B-type and A-type can be degraded by human gut microbiota. The microbial metabolites may contribute to the bioactivities of procyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Ou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Medina S, Domínguez-Perles R, Ferreres F, Tomás-Barberán FA, Gil-Izquierdo Á. The effects of the intake of plant foods on the human metabolome. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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van Duynhoven J, Vaughan EE, van Dorsten F, Gomez-Roldan V, de Vos R, Vervoort J, van der Hooft JJJ, Roger L, Draijer R, Jacobs DM. Interactions of black tea polyphenols with human gut microbiota: implications for gut and cardiovascular health. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1631S-1641S. [PMID: 24172295 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have convincingly associated consumption of black tea with reduced cardiovascular risk. Research on the bioactive molecules has traditionally been focused on polyphenols, such as catechins. Black tea polyphenols (BTPs), however, mainly consist of high-molecular-weight species that predominantly persist in the colon. There, they can undergo a wide range of bioconversions by the resident colonic microbiota but can in turn also modulate gut microbial diversity. The impact of BTPs on colon microbial composition can now be assessed by microbiomics technologies. Novel metabolomics platforms coupled to de novo identification are currently available to cover the large diversity of BTP bioconversions by the gut microbiota. Nutrikinetic modeling has been proven to be critical for defining nutritional phenotypes related to gut microbial bioconversion capacity. The bioactivity of circulating metabolites has been studied only to a certain extent. Bioassays dedicated to specific aspects of gut and cardiovascular health have been used, although often at physiologically irrelevant concentrations and with limited coverage of relevant metabolite classes and their conjugated forms. Evidence for cardiovascular benefits of BTPs points toward antiinflammatory and blood pressure-lowering properties and improvement in platelet and endothelial function for specific microbial bioconversion products. Clearly, more work is needed to fill in existing knowledge gaps and to assess the in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of known and newly identified BTP metabolites. It is also of interest to assess how phenotypic variation in gut microbial BTP bioconversion capacity relates to gut and cardiovascular health predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- John van Duynhoven
- From Unilever Discover Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, Netherlands (JvD, EEV, FvD, LR, RD, and DMJ); the Laboratory of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre (JvD and JV), and the Laboratory of Biochemistry (JV and JJJvdH), Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands (VG-R, RdV, and JJJvdH); the Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, Netherlands (JvD, FvD, RdV, JV, JJJvdH, and DMJ); and the Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen, Netherlands (RdV and VG-R)
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Boto-Ordóñez M, Rothwell JA, Andres-Lacueva C, Manach C, Scalbert A, Urpi-Sarda M. Prediction of the wine polyphenol metabolic space: an application of the Phenol-Explorer database. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:466-77. [PMID: 24123832 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Knowledge of in vivo polyphenol metabolites derived from the consumption of red wine could be key to understanding its health benefits. This work aimed to predict the wine polyphenol metabolic space in biofluids by using all available data compiled in the Phenol-Explorer database. METHODS AND RESULTS A search strategy was developed for Phenol-Explorer to obtain the widest range of metabolites related to wine consumption. A total of 97 metabolites have been described in intervention studies with wine and related products (n = 37), and after consumption of pure compounds known to be wine constituents (n = 90). These 97 metabolites, derived from host and microbial metabolism of several classes of polyphenols, were found in plasma and urine samples and some of them have demonstrated higher or lower biological activities than the parent compound in in vitro studies. The metabolites have been linked to generate, for the first time, a global pathway map of wine in vivo polyphenol metabolism. CONCLUSION The retrieval of the widest range of metabolites so far described and their assembly as a metabolic pathway map could aid the identification of possible biomarkers of wine consumption and improve current understanding of the health effects of wine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Boto-Ordóñez
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
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Muñoz-González I, Sánchez-Patán F, Jiménez-Girón A, Cueva C, Monagas M, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Moreno-Arribas MV, Bartolomé B. Evaluation of SPE as Preparative Technique for the Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Human Feces. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ismail NA, Posma JM, Frost G, Holmes E, Garcia-Perez I. The role of metabonomics as a tool for augmenting nutritional information in epidemiological studies. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2776-86. [PMID: 23893902 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Most chronic diseases have been demonstrated to have a link to nutrition. Within food and nutritional research there is a major driver to understand the relationship between diet and disease in order to improve health of individuals. However, the lack of accurate dietary intake assessment in free-living populations, makes accurate estimation of how diet is associated with disease risk difficulty. Thus, there is a pressing need to find solutions to the inaccuracy of dietary reporting. Metabolic profiling of urine or plasma can provide an unbiased approach to characterizing dietary intake and various high-throughput analytical platforms have been used in order to implement targeted and nontargeted assays in nutritional clinical trials and nutritional epidemiology studies. This review describes first the challenges presented in interpreting the relationship between diet and health within individual and epidemiological frameworks. Second, we aim to explore how metabonomics can benefit different types of nutritional studies and discuss the critical importance of selecting appropriate analytical techniques in these studies. Third, we propose a strategy capable of providing accurate assessment of food intake within an epidemiological framework in order establish accurate associations between diet and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhafzan A Ismail
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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UPLC Q-TOF/MS-Based Metabolic Profiling of Urine Reveals the Novel Antipyretic Mechanisms of Qingkailing Injection in a Rat Model of Yeast-Induced Pyrexia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:864747. [PMID: 23840267 PMCID: PMC3690234 DOI: 10.1155/2013/864747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fever is one of the most common clinical symptoms of many diseases. Qingkailing (QKL) injection is widely used in China as a clinical emergency medicine due to its good antipyretic effects. It is a herbal formula which is composed by eight kinds of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). As a kind of typical multiple constituents and multiple actions of TCM, it is very difficult to elaborate the antipyretic mechanism by conventional pharmacological method. Metabonomics technique provides beneficial tool for this challenge. In this study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF/MS) metabonomics method was developed to explore the changing process of biochemical substances in rats of yeast-induced pyrexia. Partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) was used to distinguish the normal control group, the pyrexia model group, and the pyrexia model group treated by QKL injection. The potential biomarkers related to pyrexia were confirmed and identified. MetPA was used to find the possible metabolic pathways. The results indicated that the antipyretic effect of QKL injection on yeast-induced pyrexia rats was performed by repairing the perturbed metabolism of amino acids.
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Hole AS, Kjos NP, Grimmer S, Kohler A, Lea P, Rasmussen B, Lima LR, Narvhus J, Sahlstrøm S. Extrusion of barley and oat improves the bioaccessibility of dietary phenolic acids in growing pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2739-2747. [PMID: 23384149 DOI: 10.1021/jf3045236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the bioaccessibility of phenolic acids in extruded and nonextruded cereal grains, an in vivo experiment was carried out using growing pigs as a model system. Four diets were prepared containing either whole grain barley (BU), dehulled oat (OU), or their respective extruded samples (BE, OE) according to the requirements for crude protein, mineral, and vitamin contents in pig diets. The total contents of free phenolic acids in the OE and BE diets were 22 and 10%, respectively, higher compared with the OU and BU diets, whereas the level of bound phenolic acids was 9% higher in OE than in OU and 11% lower in BE compared with BU. The total tract bioaccessibilities of bound phenolic acids were 29 and 14% higher for the extruded BE and OE diets, respectively, compared with the nonextruded diets. The results of this study indicate an improved bioaccessibility of phenolic acids in extruded cereal grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Hole
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Nolvachai Y, Marriott PJ. GC for flavonoids analysis: Past, current, and prospective trends. J Sep Sci 2012; 36:20-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yada Nolvachai
- Centre for Green Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Centre for Green Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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van Dorsten FA, Peters S, Gross G, Gomez-Roldan V, Klinkenberg M, de Vos RC, Vaughan EE, van Duynhoven JP, Possemiers S, van de Wiele T, Jacobs DM. Gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols from black tea and red wine/grape juice is source-specific and colon-region dependent. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11331-11342. [PMID: 23072624 DOI: 10.1021/jf303165w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The colonic microbial degradation of a polyphenol-rich black tea extract (BTE) and red wine/grape juice extract (RWGE) was compared in a five-stage in vitro gastrointestinal model (TWINSHIME). Microbial metabolism of BTE and RWGE polyphenols in the TWINSHIME was studied subsequently in single- and continuous-dose experiments. A combination of liquid or gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS or GC-MS) and NMR-based metabolic profiling was used to measure selected parent polyphenols, their microbial degradation into phenolic acids, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in different colon compartments. Acetate production was increased by continuous feeding of BTE but not RWGE. During RWGE feeding, gallic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid remained elevated throughout the colon, while during BTE feeding, they were consumed in the distal colon, while 3-phenylpropionic acid was strongly produced. Gut microbial production of phenolics and SCFAs is dependent on colon location and polyphenol source, which may influence potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A van Dorsten
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Post Office Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
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Vázquez-Fresno R, Llorach R, Alcaro F, Rodríguez MÁ, Vinaixa M, Chiva-Blanch G, Estruch R, Correig X, Andrés-Lacueva C. (1)H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis of the effect of moderate wine consumption on subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2345-54. [PMID: 22887155 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Moderate wine consumption is associated with health-promoting activities. An H-NMR-based metabolomic approach was used to identify urinary metabolomic differences of moderate wine intake in the setting of a prospective, randomized, crossover, and controlled trial. Sixty-one male volunteers with high cardiovascular risk factors followed three dietary interventions (28 days): dealcoholized red wine (RWD) (272mL/day, polyphenol control), alcoholized red wine (RWA) (272mL/day) and gin (GIN) (100mL/day, alcohol control). After each period, 24-h urine samples were collected and analyzed by (1) H-NMR. According to the results of a one-way ANOVA, significant markers were grouped in four categories: alcohol-related markers (ethanol); gin-related markers; wine-related markers; and gut microbiota markers (hippurate and 4-hydroxphenylacetic acid). Wine metabolites were classified into two groups; first, metabolites of food metabolome: tartrate (RWA and RWD), ethanol, and mannitol (RWA); and second, biomarkers that relates to endogenous modifications after wine consumption, comprising branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolite (3-methyl-oxovalerate). Additionally, a possible interaction between alcohol and gut-related biomarkers has been identified. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this approach has been applied in a nutritional intervention with red wine. The results show the capacity of this approach to obtain a comprehensive metabolome picture including food metabolome and endogenous biomarkers of moderate wine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Vázquez-Fresno
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Rzeppa S, Bittner K, Döll S, Dänicke S, Humpf HU. Urinary excretion and metabolism of procyanidins in pigs. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:653-65. [PMID: 22495989 PMCID: PMC3494987 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Aim of this study was to investigate urinary excretion and metabolism of procyanidins a group of secondary plant metabolites with many beneficial health effects described in literature. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the metabolism of procyanidins in the absence of flavan-3-ols, centrifugal partition chromatography was used for their reduction in a grape seed extract to a level of almost zero. After administration of the monomer reduced grape seed extract (mredGSE) containing procyanidins B1, B2, B3, B4, C1 to pigs flavan-3-ols, their methyl derivatives, dimeric and trimeric procyanidins were determined in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Maximal concentrations of procyanidins 6 h after administration vary from 5 to 30 ng/mg creatinine. Total excretion of flavan-3-ols and their methyl derivatives indicates an increasing trend for pigs given mredGSE in comparison to pigs of the control group. Flavan-3-ols were conjugated and methylated to a great extent in comparison to dimeric and trimeric procyanidins. In the case of low molecular weight metabolites, an increasing trend was observed for hippuric acid, not for phenolic acids. CONCLUSIONS Ratios of total excretion of procyanidins to administrated amounts between 0.004% (C1) and 0.019% (B4) suggest a poor urinary excretion by pigs. A transfer of these results to humans is possible due to their similar gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rzeppa
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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Stalmach A, Edwards CA, Wightman JD, Crozier A. Colonic catabolism of dietary phenolic and polyphenolic compounds from Concord grape juice. Food Funct 2012; 4:52-62. [PMID: 22961385 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30151b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
After acute ingestion of 350 ml of Concord grape juice, containing 528 μmol of (poly)phenolic compounds, by healthy volunteers, a wide array of phase I and II metabolites were detected in the circulation and excreted in urine. Ingestion of the juice by ileostomists resulted in 40% of compounds being recovered intact in ileal effluent. The current study investigated the fate of these undigested (poly)phenolic compounds on reaching the colon. This was achieved through incubation of the juice using an in vitro model of colonic fermentation and through quantification of catabolites produced after colonic degradation and their subsequent absorption prior to urinary excretion by healthy subjects and ileostomy volunteers. A total of 16 aromatic and phenolic compounds derived from colonic metabolism of Concord grape juice (poly)phenolic compounds were identified by GC-MS in the faecal incubation samples. Thirteen urinary phenolic acids and aromatic compounds were excreted in significantly increased amounts after intake of the juice by healthy volunteers, whereas only two of these compounds were excreted in elevated amounts by ileostomists. The production of phenolic acids and aromatic compounds by colonic catabolism contributed to the bioavailability of Concord grape (poly)phenolic compounds to a much greater extent than phase I and II metabolites originating from absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Catabolic pathways are proposed, highlighting the impact of colonic microbiota and subsequent phase II metabolism prior to excretion of phenolic compounds derived from (poly)phenolic compounds in Concord grape juice, which pass from the small to the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Stalmach
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 888, UK
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Zamora-Ros R, Rabassa M, Llorach R, González CA, Andres-Lacueva C. Application of dietary phenolic biomarkers in epidemiology: past, present, and future. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6648-6657. [PMID: 22296234 DOI: 10.1021/jf204742e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics are a large group of plant compounds that have been associated with protective health effects against several chronic diseases due to their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. Consequently, in nutritional epidemiology it is essential to make an accurate assessment of phenolic exposure to evaluate their protective activities against human diseases. Self-reported questionnaires and biomarkers are the two main methods used for estimating dietary phenolics. Despite the limitations of self-reported methods, they are still an acceptable and useful measure. Meanwhile, nutritional biomarkers provide an alternative, more accurate measure, but they are expensive, and to date there are few validated biomarkers of phenolic intake. Nowadays, new analytical techniques, using both targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches, play an important part in the rapid increase in the understanding of phenolic bioavailability and, consequently, have provided new potential biomarkers in small trials. In the near future, these dietary biomarkers should be tested in large epidemiological studies. Furthermore, the use of two independent measures-questionnaires and biomarkers-together provides a more thorough analysis of true phenolic exposure. Indeed, the challenge in the long term is to combine the information from biomarkers and self-reported questionnaires to clarify the relationship between dietary phenolics and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology , IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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van Duynhoven J, van Velzen E, Westerhuis J, Foltz M, Jacobs D, Smilde A. Nutrikinetics: Concept, technologies, applications, perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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