1
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Moreno-Castellanos N, Cuartas-Gómez E, Vargas-Ceballos O. Functionalized Collagen/Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Interpenetrating Network Hydrogel Enhances Beta Pancreatic Cell Sustenance. Gels 2023; 9:496. [PMID: 37367166 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional matrices are a new strategy used to tackle type I diabetes, a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the destruction of beta pancreatic cells. Type I collagen is an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM), a component that has been used to support cell growth. However, pure collagen possesses some difficulties, including a low stiffness and strength and a high susceptibility to cell-mediated contraction. Therefore, we developed a collagen hydrogel with a poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) interpenetrating network (IPN), functionalized with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to mimic the pancreatic environment for the sustenance of beta pancreatic cells. We analyzed the physicochemical characteristics of the hydrogels and found that they were successfully synthesized. The mechanical behavior of the hydrogels improved with the addition of VEGF, and the swelling degree and the degradation were stable over time. In addition, it was found that 5 ng/mL VEGF-functionalized collagen/PEGDA IPN hydrogels sustained and enhanced the viability, proliferation, respiratory capacity, and functionality of beta pancreatic cells. Hence, this is a potential candidate for future preclinical evaluation, which may be favorable for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moreno-Castellanos
- Centro de Cromatografía y Espectrometría de Masas, CROM-MASS, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra 27 calle 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Elías Cuartas-Gómez
- CICTA Research Group, Department of Basic Sciences, Medicine School, Health Faculty, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra 27 calle 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Oscar Vargas-Ceballos
- GIMAT Research Group, Escuela de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra 27 calle 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
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2
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Feng R, Dan N, Chen Y, Zheng X, Huang X, Yang N, Dan W. Heparinized Collagen Scaffolds Based on Schiff Base Bonds for Wound Dressings Accelerate Wound Healing without Scar. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3411-3423. [PMID: 35773184 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a complex process with multiple growth factors and cytokines participating and regulating each other. It is essential to develop novel wound dressings to accelerate the wound healing process. In this study, we developed the heparinized collagen scaffold materials (OL-pA), and the cross-linking reaction was based on the Schiff base reaction between pig acellular dermal matrix (pADM) and dialdehyde low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Compared with pADM, the OL-pA modified by cross-linking still retained the triple helix structure of native collagen. When the dosage of the OL cross-linking agent was 12 wt %, the cross-linking density of OL-pA was 49.67%, the shrinkage temperature was 75.6 °C, the tensile strength was 14.62 MPa, the elongation at break was 53.14%, and the water contact angle was 25.1°, all of which were significantly improved compared with pADM. The cytocompatibility test showed that L929 cells adhered better on the surface of OL-pA scaffolds, and the proliferation ability of primary fibroblasts was enhanced. In vivo experiments showed that the OL-pA scaffolds could better accelerate wound healing, more effectively promote the positive expression of bFGF, PDGF, and VEGF growth factors, accelerate capillary angiogenesis, and promote wound scarless healing. In summary, the OL-pA scaffolds have more excellent hygrothermal stability, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and cytocompatibility. Especially the scaffolds have significant pro-healing properties for the full-thickness skin wound of rats and are expected to be a potential pro-healing collagen-based wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and engineering of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Nianhua Dan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and engineering of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.,Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yining Chen
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and engineering of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.,Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and engineering of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xuantao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and engineering of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and engineering of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Weihua Dan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and engineering of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.,Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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3
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Synthesis and Hydrogelation of Star-Shaped Graft Copolypetides with Asymmetric Topology. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060366. [PMID: 35735710 PMCID: PMC9223145 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the self-assembly and hydrogel formation of the star-shaped graft copolypeptides with asymmetric topology, star-shaped poly(L-lysine) with various arm numbers were synthesized by using asymmetric polyglycerol dendrimers (PGDs) as the initiators and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) as an activator for OH groups, followed by deprotection and grafting with indole or phenyl group on the side chain. The packing of the grafting moiety via non-covalent interactions not only facilitated the polypeptide segments to adopt more ordered conformations but also triggered the spontaneous hydrogelation. The hydrogelation ability was found to be correlated with polypeptide composition and topology. The star-shaped polypeptides with asymmetric topology exhibited poorer hydrogelation ability than those with symmetric topology due to the less efficient packing of the grafted moiety. The star-shaped polypeptides grafted with indole group on the side chain exhibited better hydrogelation ability than those grafted with phenyl group with the same arm number. This report demonstrated that the grafted moiety and polypeptide topology possessed the potential ability to modulate the polypeptide hydrogelation and hydrogel characteristics.
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4
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Wang YQ, Han YT, Yan JN, Du YN, Jiang XY, Wu HT. Gel properties and network structure of the hydrogel constructed by iota-carrageenan and Ala-Lys dipeptide. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:244-251. [PMID: 33838193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gel properties of hydrogel-forming by Ala-Lys dipeptide (AK) and iota-carrageenan (ι-C) were investigated by rheological behavior, fourier transform infrared analysis, cryo-scanning electron microscopy, low field-NMR relaxometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Iota-carrageenan was changed from a liquid to a gel with the addition of AK, and the existence of AK significantly increased the storage modulus (G') of ι-C from 590.4 to 1077.8 Pa. In the ι-C/AK gel, the blue-shift of OH stretching and water deformation were observed, meanwhile, the presence of amide I band at 1682 cm-1 was observed. The network of ι-C/AK gel showed a dense honeycomb structure with flocculating continuous phase and rough entanglement morphology. After adding AK, the water free in the pores of ι-C entered the ι-C/AK gel matrix, and the binding capacity of bound water was enhanced. These scenarios proved that the AK as the cationic dipeptide could control the conversion of negatively charged ι-C from an original random structure to a helical structure due to electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. This study provides a new opportunity for the peptides into carbohydrate-based gel matrices, which could provide insights for the further application of ι-C/AK gels in the fields of food industry, tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yi-Tong Han
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Jia-Nan Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yi-Nan Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Xin-Yu Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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5
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Utterström J, Naeimipour S, Selegård R, Aili D. Coiled coil-based therapeutics and drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:26-43. [PMID: 33378707 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coiled coils are characterized by an arrangement of two or more α-helices into a superhelix and one of few protein motifs where the sequence-to-structure relationship to a large extent have been decoded and understood. The abundance of both natural and de novo designed coil coils provides a rich molecular toolbox for self-assembly of elaborate bespoke molecular architectures, nanostructures, and materials. Leveraging on the numerous possibilities to tune both affinities and preferences for polypeptide oligomerization, coiled coils offer unique possibilities to design modular and dynamic assemblies that can respond in a predictable manner to biomolecular interactions and subtle physicochemical cues. In this review, strategies to use coiled coils in design of novel therapeutics and advanced drug delivery systems are discussed. The applications of coiled coils for generating drug carriers and vaccines, and various aspects of using coiled coils for controlling and triggering drug release, and for improving drug targeting and drug uptake are described. The plethora of innovative coiled coil-based molecular systems provide new knowledge and techniques for improving efficacy of existing drugs and can facilitate development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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6
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Shen H, Hu X. Growth factor loading on aliphatic polyester scaffolds. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6735-6747. [PMID: 35423177 PMCID: PMC8694921 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells, scaffolds and growth factors are three elements of tissue engineering. The success of tissue engineering methods relies on precise and dynamic interactions between cells, scaffolds and growth factors. Aliphatic polyester scaffolds are promising tissue engineering scaffolds that possess good mechanical properties, low immunogenicity, non-toxicity, and adjustable degradation rates. How growth factors can be loaded onto/into aliphatic polyester scaffolds and be constantly released with the required bioactivity to regulate cell growth and promote defect tissue repair and regeneration has become the main concern of tissue engineering researchers. In this review, the existing main methods of loading growth factors on aliphatic polyester scaffolds, the release behavior of loaded growth factors and their positive effects on cell, tissue repair and regeneration are introduced. Advantages and shortcomings of each method also are mentioned. It is still a great challenge to control the release of loaded growth factors at a certain time and at a concentration simulating the biological environment of native tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China +86-10-62581241
| | - Xixue Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China +86-10-82545676
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7
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Fernandes CSM, Pina AS, Roque ACA. Affinity-triggered hydrogels: Developments and prospects in biomaterials science. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120563. [PMID: 33276200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S M Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Pina
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Cecília A Roque
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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8
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Fan R, Zhou D, Cao X. Evaluation of oat β-glucan-marine collagen peptide mixed gel and its application as the fat replacer in the sausage products. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233447. [PMID: 32442194 PMCID: PMC7244152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The food industry is currently shown the concern with low-fat products. This study aims to evaluate the properties of oat β-glucan(OG)-marine collagen peptide (MCP) mixed gels induced by high pressure at different ratios, pressures, pH levels and the superiority of application in the sausage. The results indicated that the typical gel with high levels of hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness, as well as high water holding and oil adsorption capacities was formed using the OG/MCP ratio of 10:1 under 400 MPa at pH 6.0. The mixed gel replacing with 50% fat significantly increased the springiness and chewing(P<0.05), and sausages with 80% mixed gel were significantly juicier than that of the control sausage(P<0.05). Therefore, OG-MCP mixed gel could be used in the reformulation of low-fat meat products to enhance their safety and nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
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9
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Fernandes CSM, Pina AS, Moura Barbosa AJ, Padrão I, Duarte F, Teixeira CAS, Alves V, Gomes P, Fernandes TG, Carvalho Dias AMG, Roque ACA. Affinity‐Triggered Assemblies Based on a Designed Peptide–Peptide Affinity Pair. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800559. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S. M. Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIOUniversidade NOVA de LisboaCampus Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Ana S. Pina
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIOUniversidade NOVA de LisboaCampus Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Arménio J. Moura Barbosa
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIOUniversidade NOVA de LisboaCampus Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Inês Padrão
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIOUniversidade NOVA de LisboaCampus Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Filipa Duarte
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoRua do Campo Alegre 687 4169‐007 Porto Portugal
| | - Cátia A. S. Teixeira
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoRua do Campo Alegre 687 4169‐007 Porto Portugal
| | - Vítor Alves
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversidade de LisboaTapada da Ajuda 1349‐017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoRua do Campo Alegre 687 4169‐007 Porto Portugal
| | - Tiago G. Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv. Rovisco Pais 1049‐001 Lisboa Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineUniversidade de LisboaLisbon Campus 1049‐001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana M. G. Carvalho Dias
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIOUniversidade NOVA de LisboaCampus Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Ana C. A. Roque
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIOUniversidade NOVA de LisboaCampus Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica Portugal
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10
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Kharkar PM, Scott RA, Olney LP, LeValley PJ, Maverakis E, Kiick KL, Kloxin AM. Controlling the Release of Small, Bioactive Proteins via Dual Mechanisms with Therapeutic Potential. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700713. [PMID: 29024487 PMCID: PMC5806702 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Injectable delivery systems that respond to biologically relevant stimuli present an attractive strategy for tailorable drug release. Here, the design and synthesis of unique polymers are reported for the creation of hydrogels that are formed in situ and degrade in response to clinically relevant endogenous and exogenous stimuli, specifically reducing microenvironments and externally applied light. Hydrogels are formed with polyethylene glycol and heparin-based polymers using a Michael-type addition reaction. The resulting hydrogels are investigated for the local controlled release of low molecular weight proteins (e.g., growth factors and cytokines), which are of interest for regulating various cellular functions and fates in vivo yet remain difficult to deliver. Incorporation of reduction-sensitive linkages and light-degradable linkages affords significant changes in the release profiles of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in the presence of the reducing agent glutathione or light, respectively. The bioactivity of the released FGF-2 is comparable to pristine FGF-2, indicating the ability of these hydrogels to retain the bioactivity of cargo molecules during encapsulation and release. Further, in vivo studies demonstrate degradation-mediated release of FGF-2. Overall, our studies demonstrate the potential of these unique stimuli-responsive chemistries for controlling the local release of low molecular weight proteins in response to clinically relevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathamesh M. Kharkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803
| | - Laura P. Olney
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Paige J. LeValley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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11
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Silva C, Carretero A, Soares da Costa D, Reis RL, Novoa-Carballal R, Pashkuleva I. Design of protein delivery systems by mimicking extracellular mechanisms for protection of growth factors. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:283-293. [PMID: 28864252 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are responsible for the storage and stabilization of numerous growth factors in the extracellular matrix. In this complex native environment, the efficient binding of the growth factors is determined by multivalent, specific and reversible electrostatic interactions between the sulfate groups of HSPGs and the positively charged amino acids of the growth factor. Inspired by this naturally occurring stabilization process, we propose the use of diblock copolymers of heparin and polyethylene glycol (Hep-b-PEG) for protection and delivery of FGF-2. We describe the encapsulation of FGF-2 into spontaneously assembling polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with Hep-b-PEG in which the Hep block ensures the formation of the PECs, while the PEG moiety confers stability of the generated complex by a stealth corona. Our results demonstrate that by this method we can generate homogeneous complexes (ca. 400nm diameter, PDI 0.29±0.07) with a very high encapsulation efficiency (about 99% encapsulated FGF-2). The release of the growth factor in response to different stimuli such as pH, ionic strength or presence of heparinase was also studied. We report a sustained release of up to 80% during 28days which is not influenced by the presence of heparinase - a result that clearly demonstrates the protective effect of the stealth corona. We also show that FGF-2 remains bioactive as it influences the morphology of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We describe a biopolymer that uses the way the cells shield a type of proteins (growth factors) to simultaneously assemble, slowly deliver and shield the protein in a "nanocarrier". Growth factors are essential for the regeneration of cartilage, bones by stem cell therapies but have a short life time as when added directly to tissues. Our design makes use of the heparin bioactivity towards such proteins in combination with a polyethylene glycol moiety (PEG) that makes a protecting shell. PEG, is biocompatible and used in approved medicines and countless cosmetic products. The highest novelty is the reaction (oxime click) used to bound these molecules that does not require modification of heparin and allows preservation of its bioactivity.
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12
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Kesireddy V, Kasper FK. Approaches for building bioactive elements into synthetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6773-6786. [PMID: 28133536 PMCID: PMC5267491 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00783j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is emerging as a possible solution for regeneration of bone in a number of applications. For effective utilization, BTE scaffolds often need modifications to impart biological cues that drive diverse cellular functions such as adhesion, migration, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and biomineralization. This review provides an outline of various approaches for building bioactive elements into synthetic scaffolds for BTE and classifies them broadly under two distinct schemes; namely, the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach. Synthetic and natural routes for top-down approaches to production of bioactive constructs for BTE, such as generation of scaffold-extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs or decellularized and demineralized scaffolds, are provided. Similarly, traditional scaffold-based bottom-up approaches, including growth factor immobilization or peptide-tethered scaffolds, are provided. Finally, a brief overview of emerging bottom-up approaches for generating biologically active constructs for BTE is given. A discussion of the key areas for further investigation, challenges, and opportunities is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Kesireddy
- Department of Orthodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry
| | - F. Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Orthodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry
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13
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Cruz-Acuña R, García AJ. Synthetic hydrogels mimicking basement membrane matrices to promote cell-matrix interactions. Matrix Biol 2016; 57-58:324-333. [PMID: 27283894 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Naturally-derived materials have been extensively used as 3D cellular matrices as their inherent bioactivity makes them suitable for the study of many cellular processes. Nevertheless, lot-to-lot variability, inability to decouple biochemical and biophysical properties and, in some types, their tumor-derived nature limits their translational potential and reliability. One innovative approach to overcome these limitations has focused on incorporating bioactivity into cytocompatible, synthetic hydrogels that present tunable physicochemical properties. This review provides an overview of successful approaches to convey basement membrane-like bioactivity into 3D artificial hydrogel matrices in order to recapitulate cellular responses to native matrices. Recent advances involving biofunctionalization of synthetic hydrogels via incorporation of bioactive motifs that promote cell-matrix interactions and cell-directed matrix degradation will be discussed. This review highlights how the tunable physicochemical properties of biofunctionalized synthetic hydrogel matrices can be exploited to study the separate contributions of biochemical and biophysical matrix properties to different cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cruz-Acuña
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrés J García
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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14
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Włodarczyk-Biegun MK, Slingerland CJ, Werten MWT, van Hees IA, de Wolf FA, de Vries R, Stuart MAC, Kamperman M. Heparin as a Bundler in a Self-Assembled Fibrous Network of Functionalized Protein-Based Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2063-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelis J. Slingerland
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc W. T. Werten
- Wageningen UR
Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse A. van Hees
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A. de Wolf
- Wageningen UR
Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renko de Vries
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A. Cohen Stuart
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Ritz U, Kögler P, Höfer I, Frank P, Klees S, Gebhard S, Brendel C, Kaufmann K, Hofmann A, Rommens PM, Jonas U. Photocrosslinkable polysaccharide hydrogel composites based on dextran or pullulan–amylose blends with cytokines for a human co-culture model of human osteoblasts and endothelial cells. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6552-6564. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00654j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide hyrogel composites demonstrate fundamental potential as biomaterials for bone regeneration in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Ritz
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
- Biomatics Group Mainz
- Germany
| | - Peter Kögler
- Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Siegen
- Germany
| | - Isabel Höfer
- Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Siegen
- Germany
- TU Hamburg-Harburg
- Umwelttechnik und Energiewirtschaft
| | - Petra Frank
- Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Siegen
- Germany
| | - Sven Klees
- Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Siegen
- Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Hofmann
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
- Biomatics Group Mainz
- Germany
| | - Pol Maria Rommens
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
- Biomatics Group Mainz
- Germany
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Siegen
- Germany
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16
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Hortensius RA, Becraft JR, Pack DW, Harley BAC. The effect of glycosaminoglycan content on polyethylenimine-based gene delivery within three-dimensional collagen-GAG scaffolds. Biomater Sci 2015; 3:645-54. [PMID: 26097698 PMCID: PMC4469389 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00033e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The design of biomaterials for increasingly complex tissue engineering applications often requires exogenous presentation of biomolecular signals. Integration of gene delivery vectors with a biomaterial scaffold offers the potential to bypass the use of expensive and relatively inefficient growth factor supplementation strategies to augment cell behavior. However, integration of cationic polymer based gene delivery vectors within three-dimensional biomaterials, particularly matrices which can carry significant surface charge, remains poorly explored. We examined the potential of polyethylenimine (PEI) as a gene delivery vector for three-dimensional collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds under development for tendon repair. While acetylated versions of PEI have demonstrated improved transfection efficiency in 2D culture assays, we investigated translation of this effect to a 3D biomaterial that contains significant electrostatic charge. A reporter gene was used to examine the impact of polymer modification, polymer:DNA ratio, and the degree of sulfation of the biomaterial microenvironment on gene delivery in vitro. We observed highest transgene expression in acetylated and unmodified PEI at distinct polymer:DNA ratios; notably, the enhancement often seen in two-dimensional culture for acetylated PEI did not fully translate to three-dimensional scaffolds. We also found highly sulfated heparin-based CG scaffolds showed enhanced initial luciferase expression but not prolonged activity. While PEI constructs significantly reduced tenocyte metabolic health during the period of transfection, heparin-based CG scaffolds showed the greatest recovery in tenocyte metabolic health over the full 2 week culture. These results suggest that the electrostatic environment of three-dimensional biomaterials may be an important design criterion for cationic polymer-based gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Hortensius
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jacob R Becraft
- Dept. of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel W Pack
- Dept. of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA ; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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17
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Tang S, Wang M, Olsen BD. Anomalous self-diffusion and sticky Rouse dynamics in associative protein hydrogels. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3946-57. [PMID: 25764061 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic materials based on associating polymers possess diverse mechanical behavior, transport properties and responsiveness to external stimuli. Although much is known about their dynamics on the molecular and macroscopic level, knowledge of self-diffusive dynamics of the network-forming constituents remains limited. Using forced Rayleigh scattering, anomalous self-diffusion is observed in model associating protein hydrogels originating from the interconversion between species that diffuse in both the molecular and associated state. The diffusion can be quantitatively modeled using a two-state model for polymers in the gel, where diffusivity in the associated state is critical to the super diffusive behavior. The dissociation time from bulk rheology measurements was 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller than the one measured by diffusion, because the former characterizes submolecular dissociation dynamics, whereas the latter depicts single protein molecules completely disengaging from the network. Rheological data also show a sticky Rouse-like relaxation at long times due to collective relaxation of large groups of proteins, suggesting mobility of associated molecules. This study experimentally demonstrates a hierarchy of relaxation processes in associating polymer networks, and it is anticipated that the results can be generalized to other associative systems to better understand the relationship of dynamics among sticky bonds, single molecules, and the entire network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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18
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Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) are major regulatory proteins that can govern cell fate, migration, and organization. Numerous aspects of the cell milieu can modulate cell responses to GFs, and GF regulation is often achieved by the native extracellular matrix (ECM). For example, the ECM can sequester GFs and thereby control GF bioavailability. In addition, GFs can exert distinct effects depending on whether they are sequestered in solution, at two-dimensional interfaces, or within three-dimensional matrices. Understanding how the context of GF sequestering impacts cell function in the native ECM can instruct the design of soluble or insoluble GF sequestering moieties, which can then be used in a variety of bioengineering applications. This Feature Article provides an overview of the natural mechanisms of GF sequestering in the cell milieu, and reviews the recent bioengineering approaches that have sequestered GFs to modulate cell function. Results to date demonstrate that the cell response to GF sequestering depends on the affinity of the sequestering interaction, the spatial proximity of sequestering in relation to cells, the source of the GF (supplemented or endogenous), and the phase of the sequestering moiety (soluble or insoluble). We highlight the importance of context for the future design of biomaterials that can leverage endogenous molecules in the cell milieu and mitigate the need for supplemented factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Belair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ngoc Nhi Le
- Department of Material Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Material Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
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19
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Zhang X, Zhou H, Xie Y, Ren C, Ding D, Long J, Yang Z. Rational design of multifunctional hetero-hexameric proteins for hydrogel formation and controlled delivery of bioactive molecules. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1804-11. [PMID: 24861900 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A hetero-hexameric protein system is developed in this study, which not only functions as cross-linkers for hydrogel formation but also offers docking sites for controlled delivery of bioactive molecules. First, a hexameric protein with two, four, and six tax-interacting protein-1 (TIP-1), respectively (named as 2T, 4T, and 6T), is designed and obtained. As the hexapeptide ligand (WRESAI) can specifically bind to TIP-1 with high affinity, the hexameric proteins of 2T, 4T, and 6T can be used to crosslink the self-assembling nanofibers of Nap-GFFYGGGWRESAI, leading to formation of injectable biohybrid hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties. Furthermore, a hetero-hexameric protein containing four TIP-1 and two C-terminal moiety of the pneumococcal cell-wall amidase LytA (C-LytA) proteins is designed and engineered (named as 4T2C). The 4T2C proteins can not only serve as cross-linkers for hydrogel formation but also provide docking sites for loading and controlled release of model drug Rhoda-GGK'. This study opens up new opportunities for further development of multifunctional hetero- recombinant protein-based hydrogels for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Jiafu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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20
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Kong X, Wang J, Cao L, Yu Y, Liu C. Enhanced osteogenesis of bone morphology protein-2 in 2- N ,6- O -sulfated chitosan immobilized PLGA scaffolds. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:359-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Yang Y, Qi P, Wen F, Li X, Xia Q, Maitz MF, Yang Z, Shen R, Tu Q, Huang N. Mussel-inspired one-step adherent coating rich in amine groups for covalent immobilization of heparin: hemocompatibility, growth behaviors of vascular cells, and tissue response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:14608-20. [PMID: 25105346 DOI: 10.1021/am503925r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heparin, an important polysaccharide, has been widely used for coatings of cardiovascular devices because of its multiple biological functions including anticoagulation and inhibition of intimal hyperplasia. In this study, surface heparinization of a commonly used 316L stainless steel (SS) was explored for preparation of a multifunctional vascular stent. Dip-coating of the stents in an aqueous solution of dopamine and hexamethylendiamine (HD) (PDAM/HD) was presented as a facile method to form an adhesive coating rich in primary amine groups, which was used for covalent heparin immobilization via active ester chemistry. A heparin grafting density of about 900 ng/cm(2) was achieved with this method. The retained bioactivity of the immobilized heparin was confirmed by a remarkable prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) for about 15 s, suppression of platelet adhesion, and prevention of the denaturation of adsorbed fibrinogen. The Hep-PDAM/HD also presented a favorable microenvironment for selectively enhancing endothelial cell (EC) adhesion, proliferation, migration and release of nitric oxide (NO), and at the same time inhibiting smooth muscle cell (SMC) adhesion and proliferation. Upon subcutaneous implantation, the Hep-PDAM/HD exhibited mitigated tissue response, with thinner fibrous capsule and less granulation formation compared to the control 316L SS. This number of unique functions qualifies the heparinized coating as an attractive alternative for the design of a new generation of stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, ‡The Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and #Laboratory of Biosensing and MicroMechatronics, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, China
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22
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Wieduwild R, Lin W, Boden A, Kretschmer K, Zhang Y. A repertoire of peptide tags for controlled drug release from injectable noncovalent hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2058-66. [PMID: 24825401 DOI: 10.1021/bm500186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A repertoire of conjugable tags for controlling the release of drugs from biomaterials is highly interesting for the development of combinatorial drug administration techniques. This paper describes such a system of 11 peptide tags derived from our previous work on a physical hydrogel system cross-linked through peptide-heparin interactions. The release kinetics of the tags correlate well with their affinity to heparin and obey Fick's second law of diffusion, with the exception of the ATIII peptide, which displays a stable release profile close to a zero-order reaction. A system for release experiments over seven months was built, using the hydrogel matrix as a barrier between the reservoirs of tagged compounds and supernatant. The gel matrix can be injected without affecting the releasing properties. A tagged cyclosporin A derivative was also tested, and its release was monitored by measuring its biological activity. This work represents a design of biomaterials with an integral system of drug delivery, where both the assembly process of the matrix and affinity capture/release of tagged compounds are based on the noncovalent interaction of heparin with one class of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wieduwild
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden , Arnoldstraße 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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23
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Liang Y, Kiick KL. Heparin-functionalized polymeric biomaterials in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1588-600. [PMID: 23911941 PMCID: PMC3937301 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heparin plays an important role in many biological processes via its interaction with various proteins, and hydrogels and nanoparticles comprising heparin exhibit attractive properties, such as anticoagulant activity, growth factor binding, and antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects, making them great candidates for emerging applications. Accordingly, this review summarizes recent efforts in the preparation of heparin-based hydrogels and formation of nanoparticles, as well as the characterization of their properties and applications. The challenges and future perspectives for heparin-based materials are also discussed. Prospects are promising for heparin-containing polymeric biomaterials in diverse applications ranging from cell carriers for promoting cell differentiation to nanoparticle therapeutics for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 201 DuPont Hall, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 201 DuPont Hall, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
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24
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Sakiyama-Elbert SE. Incorporation of heparin into biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1581-7. [PMID: 24021232 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the incorporation of heparin into biomaterials with a focus on drug delivery and the use of heparin-based biomaterials for self-assembly of polymer networks. Heparin conjugation to biomaterials was originally explored to reduce the thrombogenicity of materials in contact with blood. Many of the conjugation strategies that were developed for these applications are still popular today for other applications. More recently heparin has been conjugated to biomaterials for drug delivery applications. Many of the delivery approaches have taken advantage of the ability of heparin to bind to a wide variety of growth factors, protecting them from degradation and potentiating interactions with cell surface receptors. More recently, the use of heparin as a base polymer for scaffold fabrication has also been explored, often utilizing non-covalent binding of heparin with peptides or proteins to promote self-assembly of hydrogel networks. This review will highlight recent advances in each of these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly E Sakiyama-Elbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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25
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Enzymatically in situ shell cross-linked micelles composed of 4-arm PPO–PEO and heparin for controlled dual drug delivery. J Control Release 2013; 172:535-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Belair DG, Murphy WL. Specific VEGF sequestering to biomaterials: influence of serum stability. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8823-31. [PMID: 23816648 PMCID: PMC4149317 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was originally discovered as a tumor-derived factor that is able to induce endothelial cell behavior associated with angiogenesis. It has been implicated during wound healing for the induction of endothelial cell proliferation, tube formation and blood vessel remodeling. However, previous investigations into the biological effect of VEGF concluded that a particular range of growth factor concentrations are required for healthy vasculature to form, motivating recent studies to regulate VEGF activity via molecular sequestering to biomaterials. Numerous VEGF sequestering strategies have been developed, and they have typically relied on extracellular matrix mimicking moieties that are not specific for VEGF and can affect many growth factors simultaneously. We describe here a strategy for efficient, specific VEGF sequestering with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microspheres, using peptides designed to mimic VEGF receptor type 2 (VEGFR2). By immobilizing two distinct peptides with different serum stabilities, we examined the effect of serum on the specific interaction between peptide-containing PEG microspheres and VEGF. We addressed the hypothesis that VEGF sequestering in serum-containing solutions would be influenced by the serum stability of the VEGF-binding peptide. We further hypothesized that soluble VEGF could be sequestered in serum-containing cell culture media, resulting in decreased VEGF-dependent proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We show that soluble VEGF concentration can be effectively regulated in serum-containing environments via specific molecular sequestering, which suggests potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Belair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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27
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Minsky BB, Nguyen TV, Peyton SR, Kaltashov IA, Dubin PL. Heparin decamer bridges a growth factor and an oligolysine by different charge-driven interactions. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:4091-8. [PMID: 24107074 DOI: 10.1021/bm401227p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Full-length heparin is widely used in tissue engineering applications due its multiple protein-binding sites that allow it to retain growth factor affinity while associating with oligopeptide components of the tissue scaffold. However, the extent to which oligopeptide coupling interferes with cognate protein binding is difficult to predict. To investigate such simultaneous interactions, we examined a well-defined ternary system comprised of acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), tetralysine (K4), with a heparin decamer (dp10) acting as a noncovalent coupler. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to assess binding affinities and complex stoichiometries as a function of ionic strength for dp10·K4 and FGF·dp10. The ionic strength dependence of K4·dp10 formation is qualitatively consistent with binding driven by the release of condensed counterions previously suggested for native heparin with divalent oligopeptides (Mascotti, D. P.; Lohman, T. M. Biochemistry 1995, 34, 2908-2915). On the other hand, FGF binding displays more complex ionic strength dependence, with higher salt resistance. Remarkably, dp10 that can bind two FGF molecules can only bind one tetralysine. The limited binding of K4 to dp10 suggests that the tetralysine might not block growth factor binding, and the 1:1:1 ternary complex is indeed observed. The analysis of mass distribution of the bound dp10 chains in FGF·dp10, FGF2·dp10, and FGF·dp10·K4 complexes indicated that higher degrees of dp10 sulfation promote the formation of FGF2·dp10 and FGF·dp10·K4. Thus, the selectivity of appropriately chosen short heparin chains could be used to modulate growth factor sequestration and release in a way not feasible with heterogeneous native heparin. In support of this, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HEP3Bs) treated with FGF·dp10·K4 were found to exhibit biological activity similar to cells treated with FGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Baykal Minsky
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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28
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Hortensius RA, Harley BA. The use of bioinspired alterations in the glycosaminoglycan content of collagen-GAG scaffolds to regulate cell activity. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7645-52. [PMID: 23871542 PMCID: PMC4090944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The design of biomaterials for regenerative medicine can require biomolecular cues such as growth factors to induce a desired cell activity. Signal molecules are often incorporated into the biomaterial in either freely-diffusible or covalently-bound forms. However, biomolecular environments in vivo are often complex and dynamic. Notably, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), linear polysaccharides found in the extracellular matrix, are involved in transient sequestration of growth factors via charge interactions. Biomaterials mimicking this phenomenon may offer the potential to amplify local biomolecular signals, both endogenously produced and exogenously added. GAGs of increasing sulfation (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin) were incorporated into a collagen-GAG (CG) scaffold under development for tendon tissue engineering. Manipulating the degree of GAG sulfation significantly impacts sequestration of growth factors from the media. Increasing GAG sulfation improved equine tenocyte metabolic activity in normal serum (10% FBS), low serum (1% FBS), and IGF-1 supplemented media conditions. Notably, previously reported dose-dependent changes in tenocyte bioactivity to soluble IGF-1 within the CG scaffold were replicated by using a single dose of soluble IGF-1 in scaffolds containing increasingly sulfated GAGs. Collectively, these results suggest that CG scaffold GAG content can be systematically manipulated to regulate the sequestration and resultant enhanced bioactivity of growth factor signals on cell behavior within the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Hortensius
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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29
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Wang H, Han A, Cai Y, Xie Y, Zhou H, Long J, Yang Z. Multifunctional biohybrid hydrogels for cell culture and controlled drug release. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7448-7450. [PMID: 23860475 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43711f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Here we reported a novel biohybrid hydrogel system with the potential for cell culture and controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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30
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Abstract
Resilin, an insect structural protein, exhibits rubber-like elasticity characterized by low stiffness, high extensibility, efficient energy storage, and exceptional resilience and fatigue lifetime. The outstanding mechanical properties of natural resilin have motivated recent research in the engineering of resilin-like polypeptide-based biomaterials, with a wide range of applications including use as bio-rubbers, nanosprings, elements in biosensors, and tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States; Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, 19716, United States; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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31
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Scott RA, Panitch A. Glycosaminoglycans in biomedicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:388-98. [PMID: 23606640 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) compose one of four classes of mammalian biopolymers, and are arguably the most complex. The research areas of glycobiology, glycopolymers, and the use of GAGs within tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have grown exponentially during the past decade. Researchers are closing in on high throughput methods for GAG synthesis and sequencing, but our understanding of glycan sequence and the information contained in this sequence lags behind. Screening methods to identify key GAG-biopolymer interactions are providing insights into important targets for nanomedicine, regenerative medicine, and pharmaceutics. Importantly, GAGs are most often found in the form of glycolipids and proteoglycans. Several studies have shown that the clustering of GAGs, as is often the case in proteoglycans, increases the affinity between GAGs and other biopolymers. In addition, GAG clustering can create regions of high anionic charge, which leads to high osmotic pressure. Recent advances have led to proteoglycan mimics that exhibit many of the functions of proteoglycans including protection of the extracellular matrix from proteolytic activity, regulation of collagen fibril assembly on the nanoscale, alteration of matrix stiffness, and inhibition of platelet adhesion, among others. Collectively, these advances are stimulating possibilities for targeting of drugs, nanoparticles, and imaging agents, opening new avenues for mimicking nanoscale molecular interactions that allow for directed assembly of bulk materials, and providing avenues for the synthesis of proteoglycan mimics that enhance opportunities in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Scott
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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33
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Wieduwild R, Tsurkan M, Chwalek K, Murawala P, Nowak M, Freudenberg U, Neinhuis C, Werner C, Zhang Y. Minimal Peptide Motif for Non-covalent Peptide–Heparin Hydrogels. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2919-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312022u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wieduwild
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikhail Tsurkan
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karolina Chwalek
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Priyanka Murawala
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Nowak
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Neinhuis
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg
20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Kirschner CM, Anseth KS. Hydrogels in Healthcare: From Static to Dynamic Material Microenvironments. ACTA MATERIALIA 2013; 61:931-944. [PMID: 23929381 PMCID: PMC3735227 DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in hydrogel design have revolutionized the way biomaterials are applied to address biomedical needs. Hydrogels were introduced in medicine over 50 years ago and have evolved from static, bioinert materials to dynamic, bioactive microenvironments, which can be used to direct specific biological responses such as cellular ingrowth in wound healing or on-demand delivery of therapeutics. Two general classes of mechanisms, those defined by the user and those dictated by the endogenous cells and tissues, can control dynamic hydrogel microenvironments. These highly tunable materials have provided bioengineers and biological scientists with new ways to not only treat patients in the clinic but to study the fundamental cellular responses to engineered microenvironments as well. Here, we provide a brief history of hydrogels in medicine and follow with a discussion of the synthesis and implementation of dynamic hydrogel microenvironments for healthcare-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M. Kirschner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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35
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Rychly J. Biointerface Technology. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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36
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Wang H, Shi Y, Wang L, Yang Z. Recombinant proteins as cross-linkers for hydrogelations. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:891-901. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35358j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wu Q, Liu C, Fan L, Shi J, Liu Z, Li R, Sun L. Heparinized magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles as multifunctional growth factor delivery carriers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:485703. [PMID: 23128185 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/48/485703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMSNs) with a core/shell structure were prepared via a one pot synthesis. Sphere-like magnetite aggregates were obtained as cores of the final nanoparticles by assembly in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The nanoparticles have the property of superparamagnetism with a saturation magnetization value of 20.3 emu g(-1). In addition, the combination of heparin and fluorescence-labeled MMSNs endows the resultant particles (denoted as MFMSNs-HP) with magnetism and fluorescence properties, excellent dispersity in the buffer solutions and cell culture media, anticoagulant activity in the blood stream, and the controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Furthermore, the bFGF cell viability assays indicate that MFMSNs-HP has nearly no toxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) up to a concentration of 200 μg ml(-1), and the proliferation activity of bFGF incorporated into MFMSNs-HP could be retained for at least 6 days. All of these suggest that MFMSNs-HP may serve as a multifunctional carrier for the delivery of growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Institute of Environmental Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China.
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McGann CL, Levenson EA, Kiick KL. Resilin-Based Hybrid Hydrogels for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Macromolecules 2012; 214:203-213. [PMID: 23956463 DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding elastomeric properties of natural resilin, an insect protein, have motivated the engineering of resilin-like polypeptides (RLPs) as a potential material for cardiovascular tissue engineering. The RLPs, which incorporate biofunctional domains for cell-matrix interactions, are cross-linked into RLP-PEG hybrid hydrogels via a Michael-type addition of cysteine residues on the RLP with vinyl sulfones of an end-functionalized multi-arm star PEG. Oscillatory rheology indicated the useful mechanical properties of these materials. Assessments of cell viability via con-focal microscopy clearly show the successful encapsulation of human aortic adventitial fibroblasts in the three-dimensional matrices and the adoption of a spread morphology following 7 days of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L McGann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Oelker AM, Morey SM, Griffith LG, Hammond PT. Helix versus coil polypeptide macromers: gel networks with decoupled stiffness and permeability. SOFT MATTER 2012; 42:10887-10895. [PMID: 24575148 PMCID: PMC3932710 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm26487k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
As a platform for investigating the individual effects of substrate stiffness, permeability, and ligand density on cellular behavior, we developed a set of hydrogels with stiffness tuned by polymer backbone rigidity, independent of cross-link density and concentration. Previous studies report that poly(propargyl-L-glutamate) (PPLG), synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of the N-carboxy anhydride of γ-propargyl-L-glutamate (γpLglu), adopts a rigid a-helix conformation: we hypothesized that a random copolymer (PPDLG) with equal amounts of γpLglu and γ-propargyl-D-glutamate (γpDglu) monomers would exhibit a more flexible random coil conformation. The resulting macromers exhibited narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI = 1.15) and were grafted with ethylene glycol groups using a highly efficient "click" azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction with average grafting efficiency of 97% for PPLG and 85% for PPDLG. The polypeptide secondary structure, characterized via circular dichroism spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering, is indeed dependent upon monomer chirality: PPLG exhibits an α-helix conformation while PPDLG adopts a random coil conformation. Hydrogel networks produced by cross-linking either helical or random coil polypeptides with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were analyzed for amount of swelling, gelation efficiency, and permeability to a model protein. In addition, the elastic modulus of helical and coil polypeptide gels was determined by AFM indentation in fluid. Importantly, we found that helical and coil polypeptide gels exhibited similar swelling and permeability but different stiffnesses, which correspond to predictions from the theory of semi-flexible chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M. Oelker
- MIT Department of Chemical Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 76–553, Cambridge, MA USA. Fax: 617-253-8557; Tel: 617-258-7577
| | - Shannon M. Morey
- MIT Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 18-380, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Linda G. Griffith
- MIT Department of Biological Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 16-429, Cambridge, MA USA. Fax: 617-253-2400; Tel: 617-253-0013
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- MIT Department of Chemical Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 76–553, Cambridge, MA USA. Fax: 617-253-8557; Tel: 617-258-7577
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Biomimetic hydrogels for controlled biomolecule delivery to augment bone regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1078-89. [PMID: 22465487 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of large bone defects caused by trauma or disease remains a significant clinical problem. Although osteoinductive growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins have entered clinics, transplantation of autologous bone remains the gold standard to treat bone defects. The effective treatment of bone defects by protein therapeutics in humans requires quantities that exceed the physiological doses by several orders of magnitude. This not only results in very high treatment costs but also bears considerable risks for adverse side effects. These issues have motivated the development of biomaterials technologies allowing to better control biomolecule delivery from the solid phase. Here we review recent approaches to immobilize biomolecules by affinity binding or by covalent grafting to biomaterial matrices. We focus on biomaterials concepts that are inspired by extracellular matrix (ECM) biology and in particular the dynamic interaction of growth factors with the ECM. We highlight the value of synthetic, ECM-mimicking matrices for future technologies to study bone biology and develop the next generation of 'smart' implants.
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King WJ, Krebsbach PH. Growth factor delivery: how surface interactions modulate release in vitro and in vivo. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1239-56. [PMID: 22433783 PMCID: PMC3586795 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffolds have been extensively used to deliver growth factors to induce new bone formation. The pharmacokinetics of growth factor delivery has been a critical regulator of their clinical success. This review will focus on the surface interactions that control the non-covalent incorporation of growth factors into scaffolds and the mechanisms that control growth factor release from clinically relevant biomaterials. We will focus on the delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 from materials currently used in the clinical practice, but also suggest how general mechanisms that control growth factor incorporation and release delineated with this growth factor could extend to other systems. A better understanding of the changing mechanisms that control growth factor release during the different stages of preclinical development could instruct the development of future scaffolds for currently untreatable injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. King
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul H. Krebsbach
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Appel EA, del Barrio J, Loh XJ, Scherman OA. Supramolecular polymeric hydrogels. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6195-214. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 865] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
This article summarizes the recent progress in the design and synthesis of hydrogels as tissue-engineering scaffolds. Hydrogels are attractive scaffolding materials owing to their highly swollen network structure, ability to encapsulate cells and bioactive molecules, and efficient mass transfer. Various polymers, including natural, synthetic and natural/synthetic hybrid polymers, have been used to make hydrogels via chemical or physical crosslinking. Recently, bioactive synthetic hydrogels have emerged as promising scaffolds because they can provide molecularly tailored biofunctions and adjustable mechanical properties, as well as an extracellular matrix-like microenvironment for cell growth and tissue formation. This article addresses various strategies that have been explored to design synthetic hydrogels with extracellular matrix-mimetic bioactive properties, such as cell adhesion, proteolytic degradation and growth factor-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Li L, Teller S, Clifton RJ, Jia X, Kiick KL. Tunable mechanical stability and deformation response of a resilin-based elastomer. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2302-10. [PMID: 21553895 PMCID: PMC3139215 DOI: 10.1021/bm200373p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Resilin, the highly elastomeric protein found in specialized compartments of most arthropods, possesses superior resilience and excellent high-frequency responsiveness. Enabled by biosynthetic strategies, we have designed and produced a modular, recombinant resilin-like polypeptide bearing both mechanically active and biologically active domains to create novel biomaterial microenvironments for engineering mechanically active tissues such as blood vessels, cardiovascular tissues, and vocal folds. Preliminary studies revealed that these recombinant materials exhibit promising mechanical properties and support the adhesion of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. In this Article, we detail the characterization of the dynamic mechanical properties of these materials, as assessed via dynamic oscillatory shear rheology at various protein concentrations and cross-linking ratios. Simply by varying the polypeptide concentration and cross-linker ratios, the storage modulus G' can be easily tuned within the range of 500 Pa to 10 kPa. Strain-stress cycles and resilience measurements were probed via standard tensile testing methods and indicated the excellent resilience (>90%) of these materials, even when the mechanically active domains are intercepted by nonmechanically active biological cassettes. Further evaluation, at high frequencies, of the mechanical properties of these materials were assessed by a custom-designed torsional wave apparatus (TWA) at frequencies close to human phonation, indicating elastic modulus values from 200 to 2500 Pa, which is within the range of experimental data collected on excised porcine and human vocal fold tissues. The results validate the outstanding mechanical properties of the engineered materials, which are highly comparable to the mechanical properties of targeted vocal fold tissues. The ease of production of these biologically active materials, coupled to their outstanding mechanical properties over a range of compositions, suggests their potential in tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Tang Y, Heaysman CL, Willis S, Lewis AL. Physical hydrogels with self-assembled nanostructures as drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:1141-59. [PMID: 21619469 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.588205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As an essential complement to chemically crosslinked hydrogels, drug delivery systems based on physical hydrogels with self-assembled nanostructures are gaining increasing attention, owing to potential advantages of reduced toxicity, convenience of in situ gel formation, stimuli-responsiveness, reversible sol-gel transition, and improved drug loading and delivery profiles. AREAS COVERED In this review, drug delivery systems based on physical hydrogels are discussed according to their self-assembled nanostructures, such as micelles, layer-by-layer constructs, supramolecular inclusion complexes, polyelectrolyte complexes and crystalline structures. The driving forces of the self-assembly include hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking and weak van der Waals forces. Stimuli-responsive properties of physical hydrogels, including thermo- and pH-sensitivity, are considered with particular focus on self-assembled nanostructures. EXPERT OPINION Fabricating self-assembled nanostructures in drug delivery hydrogels, via physical interactions between polymer-polymer and polymer-drug, requires accurately controlled macro- or small molecular architecture and a comprehensive knowledge of the physicochemical properties of the therapeutics. A variety of nanostructures within hydrogels, with which payloads may interact, provide useful means to stabilize the drug form and control its release kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Tang
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, Chapman House, Farnham, Surrey, UK.
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46
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Hudalla GA, Murphy WL. Biomaterials that regulate growth factor activity via bioinspired interactions. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2011; 21:1754-1768. [PMID: 21921999 PMCID: PMC3171147 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201002468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor activity is localized within the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) by specific non-covalent interactions with core ECM biomolecules, such as proteins and proteoglycans. Recently, these interactions have inspired us and others to develop synthetic biomaterials that can non-covalently regulate growth factor activity for tissue engineering applications. For example, biomaterials covalently or non-covalently modified with heparin glycosaminoglycans can augment growth factor release strategies. In addition, recent studies demonstrate that biomaterials modified with heparin-binding peptides can sequester cell-secreted heparin proteoglycans and, in turn, sequester growth factors and regulate stem cell behavior. Another set of studies show that modular versions of growth factor molecules can be designed to interact with specific components of natural and synthetic ECMs, including collagen and hydroxyapatite. In addition, layer-by-layer assemblies of GAGs and other natural polyelectrolytes retain growth factors at a cell-material interface via specific non-covalent interactions. This review will detail the various bioinspired strategies being used to non-covalently localize growth factor activity within biomaterials, and will highlight in vivo examples of the efficacy of these materials to promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Hudalla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 5009 Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave. Madison, WI 53705 (USA)
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 5009 Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave. Madison, WI 53705 (USA)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, 5009 Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave. Madison, WI 53705 (USA)
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, 5009 Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave. Madison, WI 53705 (USA)
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Wu JM, Xu YY, Li ZH, Yuan XY, Wang PF, Zhang XZ, Liu YQ, Guan J, Guo Y, Li RX, Zhang H. Heparin-functionalized collagen matrices with controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:107-114. [PMID: 21052795 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering scaffolds with controlled long-term release of growth factors are constructed in an attempt to mimic the intelligent ability of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to release endogenous growth factors. In this study, collagen sponges (Collagen group) were modified by N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) crosslinking (EDC/NHS group) and heparin immobilization (EDC/NHS-H group), and subsequently seeded with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Native and modified sponges were pre-adsorbed with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to evaluate the sustained release and bioactive maintenance of bFGF from the sponges. We found that modified collagen matrices permitted HUVECs to proliferate and migrate well and to distribute uniformly. The EDC/NHS-H group exhibited an excellent sustained-release profile and bioactive maintenance of the pre-adsorbed bFGF as compared with the Collagen and EDC/NHS groups. These results suggest that heparin-functionalized collagen matrices can support a controlled release of bFGF and thus, have potential as a tissue engineering scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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48
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King WJ, Murphy WL. Bioinspired conformational changes: an adaptable mechanism for bio-responsive protein delivery. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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49
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Rychly J. Biointerface Technology. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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50
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Macdonald ML, Rodriguez NM, Shah NJ, Hammond PT. Characterization of tunable FGF-2 releasing polyelectrolyte multilayers. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:2053-9. [PMID: 20690713 DOI: 10.1021/bm100413w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) is a potent mediator of stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Although FGF-2 has a well-established role in promoting bone tissue formation, flaws in its delivery have limited its clinical utility. Polyelectrolyte multilayer films represent a novel system for FGF-2 delivery that has promise for local, precisely controlled, and sustained release of FGF-2 from surfaces of interest, including medical implants and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this work, the loading and release of FGF-2 from synthetic hydrolytically degradable multilayer thin films of various architectures is explored; drug loading was tunable using at least three parameters (number of nanolayers, counterpolyanion, and type of degradable polycation) and yielded values of 7-45 ng/cm(2) of FGF-2. Release time varied between 24 h and approximately five days. FGF-2 released from these films retained in vitro activity, promoting the proliferation of MC3T3 preosteoblast cells. The use of biologically derived counterpolyanions heparin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate in the multilayer structures enhanced FGF-2 activity. The control over drug loading and release kinetics inform future in vivo bone and tissue regeneration models for the exploration of clinical relevance of LbL growth factor delivery films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara L Macdonald
- Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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