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Paulus F, Holm R, Stappaerts J, Bauer-Brandl A. Absorption of cinnarizine from type II lipid-based formulations: Impact of lipid chain length, supersaturation, digestion, and precipitation inhibition. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 197:106765. [PMID: 38608735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) are an enabling-formulation approach for lipophilic poorly water-soluble compounds. In LBFs, drugs are commonly pre-dissolved in lipids, and/or surfactants/cosolvents, hereby avoiding the rate-limiting dissolution step. According to the Lipid formulation classification system, proposed by Pouton in 2006, in type II LBFs a surfactant with an HLB-value lower than 12 is added to the lipids. If high drug doses are required, e.g. for preclinical toxicity studies, supersaturated LBFs prepared at elevated temperatures may be a possibility to increase drug exposure. In the present study, the impact of digestion on drug absorption in rats was studied by pre-dosing of the lipase inhibitor orlistat. The lipid chain length of the type II LBFs was varied by administration of a medium-chain- (MC) and a long-chain (LC)-based formulation. Different drug doses, both non-supersaturated and supersaturated, were applied. Due to an inherent precipitation tendency of cinnarizine in supersaturated LBFs, the effect of the addition of the precipitation inhibitor Soluplus® was also investigated. The pharmacokinetic results were also evaluated by multiple linear regression. In most cases LC-based LBFs did not perform better in vivo, in terms of a higher area under the curve (AUC0-24 h) and maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), than MC-based LBFs. The administration of supersaturated LBFs resulted in increased AUC0-24 h (1.5 - 3.2-fold) and Cmax (1.1 - 2.6-fold)-values when compared to the non-supersaturated equivalents. Lipase inhibition led to a decreased drug exposure in most cases, especially for LC formulations (AUC0-24 h reduced to 47 - 67%, Cmax to 46 - 62%). The addition of Soluplus® showed a benefit to drug absorption from supersaturated type II LBFs (1.2 - 1.7-fold AUC0-24 h), due to an increased solubility of cinnarizine in the formulation. Upon dose-normalization of the pharmacokinetic parameters, no beneficial effect of Soluplus® could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Paulus
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Jef Stappaerts
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark.
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Paulus F, Bauer-Brandl A, Stappaerts J, Holm R. Digestion is a critical element for absorption of cinnarizine from supersaturated lipid-based type I formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106634. [PMID: 37951315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Enabling formulations, such as lipid-based formulations (LBFs), are means to deliver challenging-to-formulate, poorly soluble drugs. LBFs may be composed of lipids, surfactants and/or cosolvents and can be classified depending on the proportions of the components and the hydrophilicity of the surfactant according to the Lipid Formulations Classification System, ranging from type I (very lipophilic) to type IV (hydrophilic). In cases where drug solubility in LBFs does not suffice, e.g. for preclinical toxicity studies, supersaturated LBFs can be used in order to increase the drug load. However, the effect of digestion on drug absorption from supersaturated type I formulations (consisting exclusively of lipids) still remains relatively unexplored and unclear. In the present study, the impact of lipid digestion on absorption of cinnarizine-loaded supersaturated lipid-based formulations of type I was investigated in rats by pre-dosing of the lipase inhibitor orlistat. The lipid chain length and the drug dose were varied by testing medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and long-chain triglycerides (LCT), both supersaturated and non-supersaturated. Due to the physical instability of supersaturated formulations of cinnarizine, i.e. a potential of precipitation of cinnarizine, the impact of the addition of the amphiphilic polymer Soluplus®, as a potential precipitation inhibitor, was also investigated. The supersaturated systems resulted in a 2.3 - 3.3-fold higher Area Under the Curve (AUC0-24 h, not dose-normalized) and 1.4 - 2.2-fold higher maximum plasma concentration (Cmax, not dose-normalized) than non-supersaturated formulations (statistically significant with p = 0.05), whereas the addition of Soluplus® did not reveal any benefit. Results indicated that lipase inhibition affected the in vivo performance of LBFs: Co-administration of the lipase inhibitor significantly reduced Cmax and AUC0-24 h (both to 33-39 %, not dose-normalized) for the LCT formulations and, though not significant, a similar trend was observed for the AUC0-24 h of the MCT formulations (to 53-87 %), suggesting a higher dependency on lipolysis for LCT. Also, tmax tended to decrease to 20-60 % when compared to the animals not dosed with orlistat but lacking statistical significance. Without lipase inhibition, the LCT in general lead to better absorption of cinnarizine as compared to MCT, with 1.2-1.7-fold higher AUC0-24 h and 1.4-1.8-fold higher Cmax, but without showing statistical significance. Overall, the study revealed that lipolysis plays a major role in drug absorption from supersaturated lipid-based formulations type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Paulus
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Jef Stappaerts
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark.
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Chen YL, Bao CJ, Duan JL, Xie Y, Lu WL. Overcoming biological barriers by virus-like drug particles for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115134. [PMID: 37926218 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have natural structural antigens similar to those found in viruses, making them valuable in vaccine immunization. Furthermore, VLPs have demonstrated significant potential in drug delivery, and emerged as promising vectors for transporting chemical drug, genetic drug, peptide/protein, and even nanoparticle drug. With virus-like permeability and strong retention, they can effectively target specific organs, tissues or cells, facilitating efficient intracellular drug release. Further modifications allow VLPs to transfer across various physiological barriers, thus acting the purpose of efficient drug delivery and accurate therapy. This article provides an overview of VLPs, covering their structural classifications, deliverable drugs, potential physiological barriers in drug delivery, strategies for overcoming these barriers, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chun-Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia-Lun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wan-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Zupančič O, Kushwah V, Paudel A. Pancreatic lipase digestion: The forgotten barrier in oral administration of lipid-based delivery systems? J Control Release 2023; 362:381-395. [PMID: 37579977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the importance of controlling the digestion process of orally administered lipid-based delivery systems (LBDS) and their performance. Oral LBDS are prone to digestion via pancreatic lipase in the small intestine. Rapid or uncontrolled digestion may cause the loss of delivery system integrity, its structural changes, reduced solubilization capacity and physical stability issues. All these events can lead to uncontrolled drug release from the digested LBDS into the gastrointestinal environment, exposing the incorporated drug to precipitation or degradation by luminal proteases. To prevent this, the digestion rate of orally administered LBDS can be estimated by appropriate choice of the formulation type, excipient combinations and their ratios. In addition, in vitro digestion models like pH-stat are useful tools to evaluate the formulation digestion rate. Controlling digestion can be achieved by conventional lipase inhibitors like orlistat, sterically hindering of lipase adsorption on the delivery system surface with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains, lipase desorption or saturation of the interface with surfactants as well as formulating LBDS with ester-free excipients. Recent in vivo studies demonstrated that digestion inhibition lead to altered pharmacokinetic profiles, where Cmax and Tmax were reduced in spite of same AUC compared to control or even improved oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ožbej Zupančič
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Graz University of Technology, Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13/3, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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5
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Ejazi SA, Louisthelmy R, Maisel K. Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Transport across Intestinal Tissue: An Oral Delivery Perspective. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37410891 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug administration has been a popular choice due to patient compliance and limited clinical resources. Orally delivered drugs must circumvent the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) environment to effectively enter the systemic circulation. The GI tract has a number of structural and physiological barriers that limit drug bioavailability including mucus, the tightly regulated epithelial layer, immune cells, and associated vasculature. Nanoparticles have been used to enhance oral bioavailability of drugs, as they can act as a shield to the harsh GI environment and prevent early degradation while also increasing uptake and transport of drugs across the intestinal epithelium. Evidence suggests that different nanoparticle formulations may be transported via different intracellular mechanisms to cross the intestinal epithelium. Despite the existence of a significant body of work on intestinal transport of nanoparticles, many key questions remain: What causes the poor bioavailability of the oral drugs? What factors contribute to the ability of a nanoparticle to cross different intestinal barriers? Do nanoparticle properties such as size and charge influence the type of endocytic pathways taken? In this Review, we summarize the different components of intestinal barriers and the types of nanoparticles developed for oral delivery. In particular, we focus on the various intracellular pathways used in nanoparticle internalization and nanoparticle or cargo translocation across the epithelium. Understanding the gut barrier, nanoparticle characteristics, and transport pathways may lead to the development of more therapeutically useful nanoparticles as drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz Ahmad Ejazi
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3120 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Rebecca Louisthelmy
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3120 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Katharina Maisel
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3120 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Lazzarotto Rebelatto ER, Rauber GS, Caon T. An update of nano-based drug delivery systems for cannabinoids: Biopharmaceutical aspects & therapeutic applications. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122727. [PMID: 36803924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been widely used to improve stability, efficacy, release control and biopharmaceutical aspects of natural and synthetic cannabinoids. In this review, the main types of cannabinoid-based nanoparticles (NPs) reported so far are addressed, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of each system. Formulation, preclinical and clinical studies performed with colloidal carriers were individually analyzed. Lipid-based nanocarriers have been recognized for their high biocompatibility and ability to improve both solubility and bioavailability. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-loaded lipid systems designed to treat glaucoma, for example, showed superior in vivo efficacy in comparison to market formulations. The analyzed studies have shown that product performance can be modulated by varying particle size and composition. In the case of self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems, the reduced particle size shortens the time to reach high plasma concentrations while the incorporation of metabolism inhibitors extends the plasma circulation time. The use of long alkyl chain lipids in NP formulations, in turn, is strategized to achieve intestinal lymphatic absorption. Polymer NPs have been prioritized when a sustained or site-specific cannabinoid release is desirable (e.g., CNS-affecting diseases/cancer). The functionalization of the surface of polymer NPs makes their action even more selective whereas surface charge modulation is highlighted to provide mucoadhesion. The present study identified promising systems for targeted applications, making the process of optimizing new formulations more effective and faster. Although NPs have shown a promising role in the treatment of several difficult-to-treat diseases, more translational studies should be performed to confirm the benefits reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Schneider Rauber
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Thiago Caon
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy (PGFAR), Federal University of Santa Catarina Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil.
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Setia A, Mehata AK, Vikas, Malik AK, Viswanadh MK, Muthu MS. Theranostic magnetic nanoparticles: Synthesis, properties, toxicity, and emerging trends for biomedical applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Wibel R, Jörgensen AM, Laffleur F, Spleis H, Claus V, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Oral delivery of calcitonin-ion pairs: In vivo proof of concept for a highly lipophilic counterion. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122476. [PMID: 36528188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic ion pairing and subsequent incorporation into self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) is a promising strategy to orally deliver hydrophilic macromolecular drugs. Within this study, hydrophobic ion pairs (HIP) between salmon calcitonin (sCT) and highly lipophilic sulfosuccinate counterions were formed and compared to frequently applied commercially available counterions. Bis(isotridecyl) sulfosuccinate resulted in HIPs of the highest lipophilicity and in significantly higher solubility in lipophilic co-solvents. Thus, bis(isotridecyl) sulfosuccinate allowed efficient solubilization of sCT in a SEDDS preconcentrate based on a lipophilic co-solvent and an indigestible lipid, but omitting hydrophilic co-solvents. In addition to the increased solubility in the lipidic matrix, markedly reduced dissociation in biorelevant media resulted in high distribution coefficients between oil droplet and FaSSGF or FaSSIF (logD) of 2.98 ± 0.12 or 2.77 ± 0.14, respectively. The composition of the lipidic matrix preserved integrity of the oil droplets after emulsification and subsequent lipolysis, allowing to fully exploit the potential of the HIP attributed to the high logD. Oral administration of the HIP-loaded SEDDS resulted in an excellent relative pharmacological activity of 13.8 ± 5.6 % measured as hypocalcaemic effect in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wibel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arne Matteo Jörgensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helen Spleis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse, 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Victor Claus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse, 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Kim S, Kim K. Lipid-mediated ex vivo cell surface engineering for augmented cellular functionalities. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213059. [PMID: 35961186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Once administrated, intercellular adhesion to recognize and/or arrest target cells is essential for specific treatments, especially for cancer or tumor. However, immune cells administrated into the tumor-microenvironment could lose their intrinsic functionalities such as target recognition ability, resulting in an ineffective cancer immunotherapy. Various manipulation techniques for decorating functional moieties onto cell surface and enhancing target recognition have been developed. A hydrophobic interaction-mediated ex-vivo cell surface engineering using lipid-based biomaterials could be a state-of-the-art engineering technique that could achieve high-efficiency cell surface modification by a single method without disturbance of intrinsic characteristics of cells. In this regard, this review provides design principles for the development of lipid-based biomaterials with a linear structure of lipid, polyethylene glycol, and functional group, strategies for the synthesis process, and their practical applications in biomedical engineering. Especially, we provide new insights into the development of a novel surface coating techniques for natural killer (NK) cells with engineering decoration of cancer targeting moieties on their cell surfaces. Among immune cells, NK cells are interesting cell population for substituting T cells because of their excellent safety and independent anticancer efficacy. Thus, optimal strategies to select cancer-type-specific targeting moieties and present them onto the surface of immune cells (especially, NK cells) using lipid-based biomaterials could provide additional tools to capture cancer cells for developing novel immune cell therapy products. Enhanced anticancer efficacies by surface-engineered NK cells have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, it could be speculated that recent progresses in cell surface modification technology via lipid-based biomaterials could strengthen immune surveillance and immune synapses for utilization in a next-generation cancer immunotherapy, beyond currently available genetic engineering tool such as chimeric antigen receptor-mediated immune cell modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Efiana NA, Fürst A, Saleh A, Shahzadi I, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Phosphate decorated lipid-based nanocarriers providing a prolonged mucosal residence time. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122096. [PMID: 35963286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop phosphate decorated lipid-based nanocarriers including self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to extend their mucosal residence time. All nanocarriers contained tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and polyoxyethylene (9) nonylphenol monophosphate ester (PNPP) for surface decoration. Zeta potential, cytotoxicity, charge conversion and phosphate release studies using isolated intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) and Caco-2 cells were performed. Moreover, the residence time of nanocarriers was determined on porcine intestinal mucosa. Results showed a shift from negative to positive zeta potential due to the addition of TTAB and charge conversion back to a negative zeta potential when also PNPP was added. Up to a concentration of 0.3 %, lipid-based nanocarriers were not toxic. Charge conversion studies with IAP revealed the highest zeta potential shift for NLCTTAB-PNPP with almost Δ22 mV. Phosphate release studies using isolated IAP as well as Caco-2 cells showed a fast phosphate release for SEDDSTTAB-PNPP, SLNTTAB-PNPP and NLCTTAB-PNPP. SLN TTAB-PNPP and NLC TTAB-PNPP provided the highest increase in mucosal residence time that was 4-fold more prolonged than that of blank formulations. In conclusion, phosphate modified lipid-based nanocarriers can essentially prolong the intestinal residence time of their payload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Ari Efiana
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, S.H., Janturan, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
| | - Andrea Fürst
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ahmad Saleh
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Mandala Waluya, Jl. Jend. A.H. Nasution, Kendari 93231, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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11
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Antonello G, Marucco A, Gazzano E, Kainourgios P, Ravagli C, Gonzalez-Paredes A, Sprio S, Padín-González E, Soliman MG, Beal D, Barbero F, Gasco P, Baldi G, Carriere M, Monopoli MP, Charitidis CA, Bergamaschi E, Fenoglio I, Riganti C. Changes of physico-chemical properties of nano-biomaterials by digestion fluids affect the physiological properties of epithelial intestinal cells and barrier models. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:49. [PMID: 35854319 PMCID: PMC9297619 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of nano-biomaterials (NBMs) has increased the chance of human exposure. Although ingestion is one of the major routes of exposure to NBMs, it is not thoroughly studied to date. NBMs are expected to be dramatically modified following the transit into the oral-gastric-intestinal (OGI) tract. How these transformations affect their interaction with intestinal cells is still poorly understood. NBMs of different chemical nature—lipid-surfactant nanoparticles (LSNPs), carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), surface modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FNPs) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HNPs)—were treated in a simulated human digestive system (SHDS) and then characterised. The biological effects of SHDS-treated and untreated NBMs were evaluated on primary (HCoEpiC) and immortalised (Caco-2, HCT116) epithelial intestinal cells and on an intestinal barrier model. Results The application of the in vitro SDHS modified the biocompatibility of NBMs on gastrointestinal cells. The differences between SHDS-treated and untreated NBMs could be attributed to the irreversible modification of the NBMs in the SHDS. Aggregation was detected for all NBMs regardless of their chemical nature, while pH- or enzyme-mediated partial degradation was detected for hydroxyapatite or polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles and lipid nanoparticles, respectively. The formation of a bio-corona, which contains proteases, was also demonstrated on all the analysed NBMs. In viability assays, undifferentiated primary cells were more sensitive than immortalised cells to digested NBMs, but neither pristine nor treated NBMs affected the intestinal barrier viability and permeability. SHDS-treated NBMs up-regulated the tight junction genes (claudin 3 and 5, occludin, zonula occludens 1) in intestinal barrier, with different patterns between each NBM, and increase the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-22, IL-10). Notably, none of these NBMs showed any significant genotoxic effect. Conclusions Overall, the results add a piece of evidence on the importance of applying validated in vitro SHDS models for the assessment of NBM intestinal toxicity/biocompatibility. We propose the association of chemical and microscopic characterization, SHDS and in vitro tests on both immortalised and primary cells as a robust screening pipeline useful to monitor the changes in the physico-chemical properties of ingested NBMs and their effects on intestinal cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00491-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Antonello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Marucco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Kainourgios
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zographos, Athens, Greece
| | - Costanza Ravagli
- Colorobbia Consulting Srl, Headwork, Via Pietramarina, 53, 50059, Sovigliana, Vinci, FI, Italy
| | | | - Simone Sprio
- National Research Council, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics ISTEC-CNR, Via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Esperanza Padín-González
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mahmoud G Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David Beal
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Francesco Barbero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasco
- Nanovector Srl, Headwork, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baldi
- Colorobbia Consulting Srl, Headwork, Via Pietramarina, 53, 50059, Sovigliana, Vinci, FI, Italy
| | - Marie Carriere
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marco P Monopoli
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Costas A Charitidis
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zographos, Athens, Greece
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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12
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Zöller K, To D, Knoll P, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Digestion of lipid excipients and lipid-based nanocarriers by pancreatic lipase and pancreatin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:32-42. [PMID: 35584719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The digestion behaviour of lipid-based nanocarriers (LNC) has a great impact on their oral drug delivery properties. In this study, various excipients including surfactants, glycerides and waxes, as well as various drug-delivery systems, namely self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were examined via the pH-stat lipolysis model. Lipolysis experiments with lipase and pancreatin revealed the highest release of fatty acids for medium chain glycerides, followed by long chain glycerides and surfactants. Waxes appeared to be poor substrates with a maximum digestion of up to 10% within 60 min. Within the group of surfactants, the enzymatic cleavage decreased in the following order: glycerol monostearate > polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate > PEG-35 castor oil > sorbitan monostearate. After digestion experiments of the excipients, SEDDS, SLN and NLC with sizes between 30 and 300 nm were prepared. The size of almost all formulations was increasing during lipolysis and levelled off after approximately 15 min except for the SLN and NLC consisting of cetyl palmitate. SEDDS exceeded 6000 nm after some minutes and were almost completely hydrolysed by pancreatin. No significant difference was observed between comparable SLN and NLC but surfactant choice and selection of the lipid component had an impact on digestion. SLN and NLC with cetyl palmitate were only digested by 5% whereas particles with glyceryl distearate were decomposed by 40-80% within 60 min. Additionally, the digestion of the same SLN or NLC, only differing in the surfactant, was higher for SLN/NLC containing polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate than PEG-35 castor oil. This observation might be explained by the higher PEG content of PEG-35 castor oil causing a more pronounced steric hindrance for the access of lipase. Generally, digestion experiments performed with pancreatin resulted in a higher digestion compared to lipase. According to these results, the digestion behaviour of LNC depends on both, the type of nanocarrier and on the excipients used for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Zöller
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dennis To
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick Knoll
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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13
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Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins: Technology landscape of lipid-based nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114097. [PMID: 34999121 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The oral administration of therapeutic peptides and proteins is favoured from a patient and commercial point of view. In order to reach the systemic circulation after oral administration, these drugs have to overcome numerous barriers including the enzymatic, sulfhydryl, mucus and epithelial barrier. The development of oral formulations for therapeutic peptides and proteins is therefore necessary. Among the most promising formulation approaches are lipid-based nanocarriers such as oil-in-water nanoemulsions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), liposomes and micelles. As the lipophilic character of therapeutic peptides and proteins can be tremendously increased such as by the formation of hydrophobic ion pairs (HIP) with hydrophobic counter ions, they can be incorporated in the lipophilic phase of these carriers. Since gastrointestinal (GI) peptidases as well as sulfhydryl compounds such as glutathione and dietary proteins are too hydrophilic to enter the lipophilic phase of these carriers, the incorporated therapeutic peptide or protein is protected towards enzymatic degradation as well as unintended thiol/disulfide exchange reactions. Stability of lipid-based nanocarriers towards lipases can be provided by the use to excipients that are not or just poorly degraded by these enzymes. Nanocarriers with a size <200 nm and a mucoinert surface such as PEG or zwitterionic surfaces exhibit high mucus permeating properties. Having reached the underlying absorption membrane, lipid-based nanocarriers enable paracellular and lymphatic drug uptake, induce endocytosis and transcytosis or simply fuse with the cell membrane releasing their payload into the systemic circulation. Numerous in vivo studies provide evidence for the potential of these delivery systems. Within this review we provide an overview about the different barriers for oral peptide and protein delivery, highlight the progress made on lipid-based nanocarriers in order to overcome them and discuss strengths and weaknesses of these delivery systems in comparison to other technologies.
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14
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Kok LY, Bannigan P, Sanaee F, Evans JC, Dunne M, Regenold M, Ahmed L, Dubins D, Allen C. Development and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for the oral delivery of cannabidiol. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 168:106058. [PMID: 34763088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The number of lipophilic drug candidates in pharmaceutical discovery pipelines has increased in recent years. These drugs often possess physicochemical properties that result in poor oral bioavailability, and their clinical potential may be limited without adequate formulation strategies. Cannabidiol (CBD) is an excellent example of a highly lipophilic compound with poor oral bioavailability, due to low water solubility and extensive first-pass metabolism. An approach that may overcome these limitations is formulation of the drug in self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). Herein, CBD-SNEDDS formulations were prepared and evaluated in vitro. Promising formulations (F2, F4) were administered to healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats via oral gavage (20 mg/kg CBD). Resulting pharmacokinetic parameters of CBD were compared to those obtained following administration of CBD in two oil-based formulations: a medium-chain triglyceride oil vehicle (MCT-CBD), and a sesame oil-based formulation similar in composition to an FDA-approved formulation of CBD, Epidiolex® (SO-CBD). Compared to MCT-CBD, administration of the SNEDDS formulations led to more rapid absorption of CBD (median Tmax values: 0.5 h (F2), 1 h (F4), 6 h (MCT-CBD)). Administration of F2 and F4 formulations also improved the systemic exposure to CBD by 2.2 and 2.8-fold compared to MCT-CBD; however, no improvement was found compared to SO-CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Yun Kok
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Pauric Bannigan
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Forugh Sanaee
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - James C Evans
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Dunne
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Lubabah Ahmed
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - David Dubins
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada.
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15
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Bhaskaran NA, Kumar L. Treating colon cancers with a non-conventional yet strategic approach: An overview of various nanoparticulate systems. J Control Release 2021; 336:16-39. [PMID: 34118336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of progress in therapy management which are developed for colon cancer (CC), it remains the third most common cause of mortality due to cancers around the world. Conventional medicines pose side effects due to untoward action on non-target cells. Their inability to deliver drugs to the affected regions of the colon locally, in a reproducible manner raises a concern towards the efficacy of therapy. In this regard, nanoparticles emerged as a promising drug delivery system due to their flexibility in designing, drug release modulation and cancer cell targeting. Not only are nanoparticles making their way into colon cancer research in the revolution of conventional onco-therapeutics, but they also offer promising scope in the development of colon cancer vaccines and theranostic tools. However, there are challenges with respect to drug delivery using nanoparticles, which may hamper the delivery of these novel carriers to the colon. The present review addresses recent advents in nanotechnology for colon-specific drug delivery (CDDS) which may help to overcome the existing challenges and intends to recognize futuristic potentials in the treatment of CC with CDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Bhaskaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - L Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Udupi, Karnataka, India.
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16
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Salunkhe SA, Chitkara D, Mahato RI, Mittal A. Lipid based nanocarriers for effective drug delivery and treatment of diabetes associated liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:394-415. [PMID: 33831474 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a cluster of several liver diseases like hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis which may eventually progress to liver carcinoma. One of the primary key factors associated with the development and pathogenesis of NAFLD is diabetes mellitus. The present review emphasizes on diabetes-associated development of liver fibrosis and its treatment using different lipid nanoparticles such as stable nucleic acid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, and conjugates including phospholipid, fatty acid and steroid-based. We have comprehensively described the various pathological and molecular events linking effects of elevated free fatty acid levels, insulin resistance, and diabetes with the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Various passive and active targeting strategies explored for targeting hepatic stellate cells, a key target in liver fibrosis, have also been discussed in detail in this review.
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17
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Exploring precipitation inhibitors to improve in vivo absorption of cinnarizine from supersaturated lipid-based drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 159:105691. [PMID: 33359616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Supersaturated lipid-based drug delivery systems are increasingly being explored as a bio-enabling formulation approach, particularly in preclinical evaluation of poorlywater-soluble drugs. While increasing the drug load through thermally-induced supersaturation resulted in enhanced in vivo exposure for some drugs, for others, such as cinnarizine, supersaturated lipid-based systems have not been found beneficial to increase the in vivo bioavailability. We hypothesized that incorporation of precipitation inhibitors to reduce drug precipitation may address this limitation. Therefore, pharmacokinetic profiles of cinnarizine supersaturated lipid-based drug delivery systems with or without precipitation inhibitors were compared. Five precipitation inhibitors were selected for investigation based on a high throughput screening of twenty-one excipients. In vivo results showed that addition of 5% precipitation inhibitors to long chain monoglyceride (LCM) or medium chain monoglyceride (MCM) formulations showed a general trend of increases in cinnarizine bioavailability, albeit only statistically significantly increased for Poloxamer 407 + LCM system (i.e. 2.7-fold increase in AUC0-24h compared to LCM without precipitation inhibitors). It appeared that precipitation inhibitors mitigated the risk of in vivo precipitation of cinnarizine from sLBDDS and overall, bioavailability was comparable to that previously reported for cinnarizine after dosing of non-supersaturated lipid systems. In summary, for drugs which are prone to precipitation from supersaturated lipid-based drug delivery systems, such as cinnarizine, inclusion of precipitation inhibitors mitigates this risk and provides the opportunity to maximize exposure which is ideally suited in early efficacy and toxicology evaluation.
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18
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Suys EJA, Brundel DHS, Chalmers DK, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Interaction with biliary and pancreatic fluids drives supersaturation and drug absorption from lipid-based formulations of low (saquinavir) and high (fenofibrate) permeability poorly soluble drugs. J Control Release 2021; 331:45-61. [PMID: 33450318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug absorption from lipid-based formulations (LBFs) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the result of a series of processes, including formulation dispersion, interaction with biliary and pancreatic secretions, drug solubilisation and supersaturation, and finally intestinal permeability. Optimal formulation design is dependent on a good understanding of the limitations to, and drivers of, absorption, but for LBFs the complexity of these processes makes data interpretation complex. The current study has re-examined a previous in vitro digestion-in situ perfusion model to increase physiological relevance and has used this model to examine drug absorption from LBFs. The composition of rat bile and jejunal fluid was also characterised to identify in vivo-relevant conditions. Digestion was initiated using rat bile/pancreatic fluid and the formulation and digestive enzymes mixed immediately prior to entry into the jejunum (allowing dilution/digestion to occur at the absorptive site). These conditions were employed to study drug absorption from LBFs of high (fenofibrate, FFB) and low (saquinavir, SQV) permeability compounds. The impact of polymeric precipitation inhibitors (PPIs) was also evaluated. For FFB, supersaturation, initiated by formulation interaction with biliary/pancreatic fluids, appeared to drive absorption and the addition of the PPIs poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PPGAE) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), reduced drug precipitation, increased FFB supersaturation and increased absorption from a Type IV LBF of FFB. For a Type IIIB LBF however, PPIs were ineffective at increasing absorption. The impact of PPIs on the absorption of a less permeable drug, SQV, was similarly evaluated and again drug absorption appeared to be related to the extent of supersaturation, although in this case PPI were unable to promote absorption. For both FFB and SQV, drug absorption patterns obtained with the in vitro digestion-in situ perfusion mode, correlated well with in vitro supersaturation data and in vivo drug exposure data from oral bioavailability studies. The data are consistent with a mode of drug absorption where rapid dilution of LBFs with biliary and pancreatic secretions at the absorptive site in the upper small intestine drives transient supersaturation, that supersaturation is a significant driver of drug absorption for both low and high permeability drugs, and that PPIs delay drug precipitation, enhance supersaturation and promote drug absorption in a drug and formulation specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle J A Suys
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel H S Brundel
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David K Chalmers
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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19
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Singh A, Neupane YR, Mangla B, Shafi S, Kohli K. PEGylated Nanoliposomes Potentiated Oral Combination Therapy for Effective Cancer Treatment. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:728-735. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200724170708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The conventional treatment regimen for cancer with a single chemotherapeutic agent is far
behind the clinical expectations due to the complexity of cancer biology and is also associated with
poor Quality of Life (QOL) due to off-site toxicity and multidrug resistance. In recent years, nanopotentiated
combination therapy has shown significant improvement in cancer treatment <i>via</i> a synergistic
approach. However, being synthetic in nature, nanocarriers have been associated with the activation of
the Complement (C) activation system resulting in serious hypersensitivity reactions known as CActivation
Related Pseudoallergy (CARPA) effect once given <i>via</i> intravenous injection. On the other
hand, nanopotentiated oral drug delivery offers several advantages for the effective and safe delivery of
the drug to the target site. This hypothesis aims to put forward wherein Exemestane (chemotherapeutic
agent) and lycopene (herbal bioactive) co-laden into PEGylated liposomes and delivered to the breast
cancer <i>via</i> the oral route. PEGylation of the liposomes would prevent both molecules from the harsh
microenvironment of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) and would eventually promote their intestinal
absorption <i>via</i> the lymphatic pathway to the systemic circulation. Lycopene being a potent antioxidant
and anti-cancer herbal bioactive would promote the therapeutic efficacy of the Exemestane <i>via</i> a synergistic
approach. This nanopotentiated oral combination therapy would pave the path for the safe and
effective treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Yub Raj Neupane
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Bharti Mangla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sadat Shafi
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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20
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Liu Y, Xie X, Chen H, Hou X, He Y, Shen J, Shi J, Feng N. Advances in next-generation lipid-polymer hybrid nanocarriers with emphasis on polymer-modified functional liposomes and cell-based-biomimetic nanocarriers for active ingredients and fractions from Chinese medicine delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Ilie AR, Griffin BT, Brandl M, Bauer-Brandl A, Jacobsen AC, Vertzoni M, Kuentz M, Kolakovic R, Holm R. Exploring impact of supersaturated lipid-based drug delivery systems of celecoxib on in vitro permeation across Permeapad Ⓡ membrane and in vivo absorption. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 152:105452. [PMID: 32622980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Supersaturated lipid-based drug delivery systems have recently been investigated for oral administration for a variety of lipophilic drugs and have shown either equivalent or superior oral bioavailability compared to conventional non-supersaturated lipid-based drug delivery systems. The aim of the present work was to explore supersaturated versus non-supersaturated lipid-based systems at equivalent lipid doses, on in vivo bioavailability in rats and on in vitro permeation across a biomimetic PermeapadⓇ membrane to establish a potential in vivo - in vitro correlation. A secondary objective was to investigate the influence of lipid composition on in vitro and in vivo performance of lipid systems. Results obtained indicated that increasing the celecoxib load in the lipid-based formulations by thermally-induced supersaturation resulted in increased bioavailability for medium and long chain mono-/di-glycerides systems relative to their non-supersaturated (i.e. 85%) reference formulations, albeit only significant for the medium chain systems. Long chain systems displayed higher celecoxib bioavailability than equivalent medium chain systems, both at supersaturated and non-supersaturated drug loads. In vitro passive permeation of celecoxib was studied using both steady-state and dynamic conditions and correlated well with in vivo pharmacokinetic results with respect to compositional effects. In contrast, permeation studies indicated that flux and percentage permeated of supersaturated systems, either at steady-state or under dynamic conditions, decreased or were unchanged relative to non-supersaturated systems. This study has shown that by using two cell-free PermeapadⓇ permeation models coupled with rat-adapted gastro-intestinal conditions, bio-predictive in vitro tools can be developed to be reflective of in vivo scenarios. With further optimization, such models could be successfully used in pharmaceutical industry settings to rapidly screen various prototype formulations prior to animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Roxana Ilie
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Martin Brandl
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ann-Christin Jacobsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Ruzica Kolakovic
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium; Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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22
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Wang Y, Pi C, Feng X, Hou Y, Zhao L, Wei Y. The Influence of Nanoparticle Properties on Oral Bioavailability of Drugs. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6295-6310. [PMID: 32943863 PMCID: PMC7455773 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s257269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration has been the most common therapeutic regimen in various diseases because of its high safety, convenience, lower costs, and high compliance of patients. However, susceptible in hostile gastrointestinal (GI) environment, many drugs show poor permeability across GI tract mucus and intestinal epithelium with poor oral absorption and limited therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (NDDS) have become a hot research spot because of their unique advantages including protecting drug from premature degrading and interacting with the physiological environment, increasing intracellular penetration, and enhancing drug absorption. However, a slight change in physicochemistry of nanoparticles can significantly impact their interaction with biological pathways and alter the oral bioavailability of drugs. Hence, this review focuses on the factors affecting oral bioavailability from two aspects. On the one hand, the factors are the biochemical and physiological barriers in oral drugs delivery. On the other hand, the factors are the nanoparticle properties including size, surface properties, and shape of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Pi
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhu Feng
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hou
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Wei
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
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23
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Dully M, Brasnett C, Djeghader A, Seddon A, Neilan J, Murray D, Butler J, Soulimane T, Hudson SP. Modulating the release of pharmaceuticals from lipid cubic phases using a lipase inhibitor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 573:176-192. [PMID: 32278949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lipid cubic phase formulations have gained recognition as potential controlled delivery systems for a range of active pharmaceutical and biological agents on account of their desirable physiochemical properties and ability to encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules. The most widely studied lipid cubic systems are those of the monoacylglycerol lipid family. These formulations are susceptible to lipolysis by a variety of enzymes, including lipases and esterases, which attack the ester bond present on the lipid chain bridging the oleic acid component to the glycerol backbone. The release of poorly soluble molecules residing in the lipid membrane portions of the phase is limited by the breakdown of the matrix; thus, presenting a potential means for further controlling and sustaining the release of therapeutic agents by targeting the matrix stability and its rate of degradation. The aims of the present study were twofold: to evaluate an approach to regulate the rate of degradation of lipid cubic phase drug delivery systems by targeting the enzyme interactions responsible for their demise; and to study the subsequent drug release profiles from bulk lipid cubic gels using model drugs of contrasting hydrophobicity. Here, hybrid materials consisting of cubic phases with monoacylglycerol lipids of different chain lengths formulated with a potent lipase inhibitor tetrahydrolipstatin were designed. Modulation of the release of a hydrophobic model pharmaceutical, a clofazimine salt, was obtained by exploiting the matrices' enzyme-driven digestion. A stable cubic phase is described, displaying controlled degradation with at least a 4-fold improvement compared to the blank systems shown in inhibitor-containing cubic systems. Sustained release of the model hydrophobic pharmaceutical was studied over 30 days to highlight the advantage of incorporating an inhibitor into the cubic network to achieve tunable lipid release systems. This is done without negatively affecting the structure of the matrix itself, as shown by comprehensive small-angle x-ray scattering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dully
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - Christopher Brasnett
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Djeghader
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - Annela Seddon
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom; Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - John Neilan
- COOK Ireland Limited, O'Halloran Rd, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - David Murray
- COOK Ireland Limited, O'Halloran Rd, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - James Butler
- COOK Ireland Limited, O'Halloran Rd, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland.
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24
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Koehl NJ, Holm R, Kuentz M, Jannin V, Griffin BT. Exploring the Impact of Surfactant Type and Digestion: Highly Digestible Surfactants Improve Oral Bioavailability of Nilotinib. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3202-3213. [PMID: 32649208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The scientific rationale for selection of the surfactant type during oral formulation development requires an in-depth understanding of the interplay between surfactant characteristics and biopharmaceutical factors. Currently, however, there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge of how surfactant properties, such as hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), digestibility, and fatty acid (FA) chain length, translate into in vivo performance. In the present study, the relationship between surfactant properties, in vitro characteristics, and in vivo bioavailability was systematically evaluated. An in vitro lipolysis model was used to study the digestibility of a variety of nonionic surfactants. Eight surfactants and one surfactant mixture were selected for further analysis using the model poorly water-soluble drug nilotinib. In vitro lipolysis of all nilotinib formulations was performed, followed by an in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation in rats. The in vitro lipolysis studies showed that medium-chain FA-based surfactants were more readily digested compared to long-chain surfactants. The in vivo study demonstrated that a Tween 20 formulation significantly enhanced the absolute bioavailability of nilotinib up to 5.2-fold relative to an aqueous suspension. In general, surfactants that were highly digestible in vitro tended to display higher bioavailability of nilotinib in vivo. The bioavailability may additionally be related to the FA chain length of digestible surfactants with an improved exposure in the case of medium-chain FA-based surfactants. There was no apparent relationship between the HLB value of surfactants and the in vivo bioavailability of nilotinib. The impact of this study's findings suggests that when designing surfactant-based formulations to enhance oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug nilotinib, highly digestible, medium chain-based surfactants are preferred. Additionally, for low-permeability drugs such as nilotinib, which is subject to efflux by intestinal P-glycoprotein, the biopharmaceutical effects of surfactants merit further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas J Koehl
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jannin
- Gattefossé SAS, 36 Chemin de Genas, 69804 Saint-Priest Cedex, France
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25
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Wu B, Zhang LJ, Zhang CJ, Deng K, Ao YW, Mei H, Zhou W, Wang CX, Yu H, Huang SW. Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) Surface Density on the Fate and Antitumor Efficacy of Redox-Sensitive Hybrid Nanoparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3975-3983. [PMID: 33463329 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on improving the biological compatibility and circulation time of nanocarriers are determined by the surface density of PEG on nanoparticles. PEG with high surface density on nanocarriers has greater accumulation in tumor tissues. However, this impairs the release of drugs loaded in the nanoparticles in the tumor tissues. The relations and internal regularities between the controlled stripping of PEG of nanoparticles and its fate and antitumor efficacy in vivo remain unsolved. Redox-sensitive hybrid nanoparticles coated with varied PEG densities were prepared by blending a redox-sensitive polymer of DLPE-SS-MPEG. To keep identical nanoproperties, these nanoparticles were prepared with a similar size distribution of around 100 nm. The effects of controlled stripping of PEG on antitumor activities of nanoparticles were then investigated. As the PEG surface density increased, lower cellular internalization by tumor cells was observed. However, nanoparticles with higher controlled stripping of PEG showed greater accumulation in tumor tissues and advanced antitumor activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Ju Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Kai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Ao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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26
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Joyce P, Ulmefors H, Garcia-Bennett A, Prestidge CA. Microporosity, Pore Size, and Diffusional Path Length Modulate Lipolysis Kinetics of Triglycerides Adsorbed onto SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3367-3376. [PMID: 32167765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding lipase-mediated hydrolysis mechanisms within solid-state nanocarriers is fundamental for the rational design of lipid-based formulations. In this study, SBA-15 ordered mesoporous silica (MPS) particles were engineered with well-controlled nanostructural properties to systematically elucidate the role of intrawall microporosity, mesopore size, and particle structure on lipase activity. The microporosity and diffusional path length were shown to be key modulators for lipase-provoked hydrolysis of medium chain triglycerides confined within MPS, with small changes in the pore size, between 9 and 13 nm, showing now a clear correlation to lipase activity. Lipid speciation within MPS after lipolysis, obtained through 1H NMR, indicated that free fatty acids preferentially adsorbed to rod-shaped MPS (RodMPS) particles with high microporosity. MPS that formed aggregated spindle-like structures (AggMPS) had intrinsically reduced microporosity, which was hypothesized to limit lipase/lipid diffusion to and from the MPS pores and thus retard lipolysis kinetics. A linear correlation between the microporosity and the extent of lipase-provoked hydrolysis was observed within both AggMPS and RodMPS, ultimately indicating that the intricate interplay between the microporosity and lipid/lipase diffusion can be harnessed to optimize lipolysis kinetics for silica-lipid hybrid carriers. The new insights derived in this study are integral to the future development of solid-state lipid-based nanocarriers that control the lipase activity for improving the absorption of poorly soluble bio-active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Joyce
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Hanna Ulmefors
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | | | - Clive A Prestidge
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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27
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Yu Z, Fan W, Wang L, He H, Lv Y, Qi J, Lu Y, Wu W. Slowing down lipolysis significantly enhances the oral absorption of intact solid lipid nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4273-4282. [PMID: 31407729 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Only a limited amount of orally administered lipid nanoparticles are absorbed as intact particles due to lipolysis by lipases in the gastrointestinal tract. It is hypothesized that by counteracting lipolysis, more particles will survive gastrointestinal digestion and be absorbed as intact particles. In this study, incorporation of a lipase inhibitor orlistat (OLST), as well as polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating, is employed to slow down the lipolysis using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as model particles. To explore the in vivo behaviors of the particles, near-infrared fluorescent probes with absolute aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) properties are used to label and track the unmodified, PEG-coated and OLST-loaded SLNs. The in vitro lipolysis study indicates very fast first-order degradation of unmodified SLNs and significantly decreased degradation of OLST-SLNs. Live imaging reveals the same trend of slowed-down lipolysis in vivo which correlates well with the in vitro lipolysis. The scanning of ex vivo gastrointestinal segments confirms the considerably prolonged residence time of OLST-SLNs, mirroring the significantly decreased lipolysis rate. The observation of fluorescence in the blood, though very weak, and in the liver speaks of the oral absorption of intact SLNs. The substantially higher hepatic levels of OLST-SLNs than unmodified SLNs should be attributed to the significantly enhanced survival rate because both particles exhibit similar cellular recognition as well as similar physicochemical properties except for the survival rate. Similarly, slowing down lipolysis also contributes to the significantly enhanced cumulative lymphatic transport of OLST-SLNs (7.56% vs. 1.27% for the unmodified SLNs). The PEG coating slows down the lipolysis rate as well but not to the degree as done by OLST. As a result, the gastrointestinal residence time of PEG-SLNs has been moderately prolonged and the hepatic levels moderately increased. The weakened cellular recognition of PEG-SLNs implies that the enhanced oral absorption is solely ascribed to the slowed-down lipolysis and enhanced mucus penetration. In conclusion, the oral absorption of intact SLNs can be significantly enhanced by slowing down lipolysis, especially by OLST, showing potential as carriers for the oral delivery of labile biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wufa Fan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Luting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Haisheng He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yongjiu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China. and Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
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28
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Suys EJA, Warren DB, Pham AC, Nowell CJ, Clulow AJ, Benameur H, Porter CJH, Pouton CW, Chalmers DK. A Nonionic Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Surfactant Model: Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Kolliphor EL. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:193-204. [PMID: 30502483 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyethoxylated, nonionic surfactants are important constituents of many drug formulations, including lipid-based formulations. In an effort to better understand the behavior of formulation excipients at the molecular level, we have developed molecular dynamics (MD) models for the widely used surfactant Kolliphor EL (KOL), a triricinoleate ester of ethoxylated glycerol. In this work, we have developed models based on a single, representative molecular component modeled with 2 force field variations based on the GROMOS 53A6DBW and 2016H66 force field parameters for polyethoxylate chains. To compare the computational models to experimental measurements, we investigated the phase behavior of KOL using nephelometry, dynamic light scattering, cross-polarized microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The potential for digestion of KOL was also evaluated using an in vitro digestion experiment. We found that the size and spherical morphology of the KOL colloids at low concentrations was reproduced by the MD models as well as the growing interactions between the aggregates to from rod-like structures at high concentrations. We believe that this model reproduces the phase behavior of KOL relevant to drug absorption and that it can be used in whole formulation simulations to accelerate the formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle J A Suys
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dallas B Warren
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anna C Pham
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Clulow
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - David K Chalmers
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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29
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Qiu S, Liang D, Guo F, Deng T, Peng T, Gao Y, Zhang X, Zhong H. Solid lipid nanoparticles modified with amphipathic chitosan derivatives for improved stability in the gastrointestinal tract. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Combined effects of the drug distribution and mucus diffusion properties of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems on the oral absorption of fenofibrate. Int J Pharm 2018; 546:263-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Song W, Yang Y, Yu M, Zhu Q, Damaneh MS, Zhong H, Gan Y. Enhanced digestion inhibition and mucus penetration of F127-modified self-nanoemulsions for improved oral delivery. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 13:326-335. [PMID: 32104406 PMCID: PMC7032245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-nanoemulsifying systems (SNEs) have excellent ability to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs (PWSD). However, SNEs are likely to be degraded in gastrointestinal (GIT) when their surface is recognized by lipase/co-lipase enzyme complex, resulting in rapid release and precipitation of encapsulated drugs. The precipitates are then captured and removed by intestinal mucus, reducing the delivery efficacy of SNEs. Herein, the amphiphilic polymer Pluronic® F127 was incorporated into long and short-chain triglycerides (LCT, SCT) based SNEs to diminish the recognition and therefore minimized their degradation by enzymes and clearance by mucus. The SNEs were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential and stability. Ex vivo multiple particles tracking studies were performed by adding particle solution into fresh rat mucus. Cellular uptake of SNEs were conducted by using E12 cells, the absorption and distribution in small intestine were also studied after oral administration in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The in vitro digestion rate of SNEs were found to be in following order SCT-SNE > SCT-F127-SNE > LCT-SNE > LCT-F127-SNE. Moreover, the LCT-F127-SNE was found to be most effective in enhancing cellular uptake, resulting in 3.5-fold, 2.1-fold and 1.7-fold higher than that of SCT-SNE, LCT-SNE and SCT-F127-SNE, respectively. After incubating the SNE with E12 cells, the LCT-F127-SNE exhibited the highest amount regarding both mucus penetration and cellular uptake, with an uptake amount number (via bicinchoninic acid (BCA) analysis) of 3.5-fold, 2.1-fold and 1.7-fold higher than that of SCT-SNE, LCT-SNE and SCT-F127-SNE, respectively. The in vivo results revealed that orally administered LCT-F127-SNE could significantly increase the bioavailability of Cyclosporine A (CsA), which was approximately 2.43-fold, 1.33-fold and 1.80-fold higher than that of SCT-SNE, SCT-F127-SNE and LCT-SNE, respectively. We address in this work that F127-modified SNEs have potentials to improve oral drug absorption by significantly reducing gastrointestinal enzymatic degradation and simultaneously enhancing mucus penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330066, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330066, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Miaorong Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanlei Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mohammadali Soleimani Damaneh
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haijun Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330066, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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32
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Ban C, Jo M, Lim S, Choi YJ. Control of the gastrointestinal digestion of solid lipid nanoparticles using PEGylated emulsifiers. Food Chem 2018; 239:442-452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Du XJ, Wang JL, Iqbal S, Li HJ, Cao ZT, Wang YC, Du JZ, Wang J. The effect of surface charge on oral absorption of polymeric nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:642-650. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm01096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Positively charged nanoparticles showed a favorable distribution in the small intestine, and significantly improved oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Du
- Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Ji-Long Wang
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shoaib Iqbal
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Zhi-Ting Cao
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yu-Cai Wang
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Jin-Zhi Du
- Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction
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34
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Moretti A, Zhang B, Lee B, Dutt M, Uhrich KE. Degree of Unsaturation and Backbone Orientation of Amphiphilic Macromolecules Influence Local Lipid Properties in Large Unilamellar Vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14663-14673. [PMID: 29144759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes have become increasingly common in the delivery of bioactive agents due to their ability to encapsulate hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs with excellent biocompatibility. While commercial liposome formulations improve bioavailability of otherwise quickly eliminated or insoluble drugs, tailoring formulation properties for specific uses has become a focus of liposome research. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of two series of amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs), consisting of acylated polyol backbones conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) that can serve as the sole additives to stabilize and control hydrophilic molecule release rates from distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC)-based liposomes. As compared to DSPC alone, all AMs enable liposome formation and stabilize their colloidal properties at low incorporation ratios, and the AM's degree of unsaturation and hydrophobe conformation have profound impacts on stability duration. The AM's chemical structures, particularly hydrophobe unsaturation, also impact the rate of hydrophilic drug release. Course-grained molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to better understand the influence of AM structure on lipid properties and potential liposomal stabilization. Results indicate that both hydrophobic domain structure and PEG density can be utilized to fine-tune liposome properties for the desired application. Collectively, AMs demonstrate the potential to simultaneously stabilize and control the release profile of hydrophilic cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha Moretti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rutgers University , 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Bernice Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Rutgers University , 160 Frelinhuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Meenakshi Dutt
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rutgers University , 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside , 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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35
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McEvoy CL, Trevaskis NL, Feeney OM, Edwards GA, Perlman ME, Ambler CM, Porter CJH. Correlating in Vitro Solubilization and Supersaturation Profiles with in Vivo Exposure for Lipid Based Formulations of the CETP Inhibitor CP-532,623. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4525-4538. [PMID: 29076741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipid based formulations (LBFs) are a promising formulation strategy for many poorly water-soluble drugs and have been shown previously to enhance the oral exposure of CP-532,623, an oral cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor. In the current study, an in vitro lipid digestion model was used to probe the relationship between drug solubilization and supersaturation on in vitro dispersion and digestion of LBF containing long chain (LC) lipids and drug absorption in vivo. After in vitro digestion of LBF based on LC lipids, the proportion of CP-532,623 maintained in the solubilized state in the aqueous phase of the digest was highest in formulations containing Kolliphor RH 40, and in most cases outperformed equivalent formulations based on MC lipids. Subsequent administration of the LC-LBFs to beagle dogs resulted in reasonable correlation between concentrations of CP-532,623 measured in the aqueous phase of the in vitro digest after 30 min digestion and in vivo exposure (AUC); however, the LC-LBFs required greater in vitro drug solubilization to elicit similar in vivo exposure when compared to previous studies with MC-LBF. Although post digestion solubilization was enhanced in LC-LBF compared to MC-LBF, equilibrium solubility studies of CP-532,623 in the aqueous phase isolated from blank lipid digestion experiments revealed that equilibrium solubility was also higher, and therefore supersaturation lower. A revised correlation based on supersaturation in the digest aqueous phase and drug absorption was therefore generated. A single, linear correlation was evident for both LC- and MC-LBF containing Kolliphor RH 40, but this did not extend to formulations based on other surfactants. The data suggest that solubilization and supersaturation are significant drivers of drug absorption in vivo, and that across formulations with similar formulation composition good correlation is evident between in vitro and in vivo measures. However, across dissimilar formulations, solubilization and supersaturation alone are not sufficient to explain drug exposure and other factors also likely play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Glenn A Edwards
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Michael E Perlman
- Pfizer Global Research and Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Catherine M Ambler
- Pfizer Global Research and Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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36
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Tran T, Siqueira SD, Amenitsch H, Müllertz A, Rades T. In vitro and in vivo performance of monoacyl phospholipid-based self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2017; 255:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mckenzie A, Hoskins R, Swift T, Grant C, Rimmer S. Core (Polystyrene)-Shell [Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)] Particles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7577-7590. [PMID: 28192649 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A set of water-swollen core-shell particles was synthesized by emulsion polymerization of a 1,3-dioxolane functional monomer in water. After removal of the 1,3-dioxolane group, the particles' shells were shown to swell in aqueous media. Upon hydrolysis, the particles increased in size from around 70 to 100-130 nm. A bicinchoninic acid assay and ζ-potential measurements were used to investigate the adsorption of lysozyme, albumin, or fibrinogen. Each of the core-shell particles adsorbed significantly less protein than the noncoated core (polystyrene) particles. Differences were observed as both the amount of difunctional, cross-linking monomer and the amount of shell monomer in the feed were changed. The core-shell particles were shown to be resistant to protein adsorption, and the degree to which the three proteins adsorbed was dependent on the formulation of the shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mckenzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Richard Hoskins
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford , Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, U.K
| | - Thomas Swift
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford , Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, U.K
| | - Colin Grant
- Department of Engineering, University of Bradford , Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, U.K
| | - Stephen Rimmer
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford , Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, U.K
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38
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Vithani K, Hawley A, Jannin V, Pouton C, Boyd BJ. Inclusion of Digestible Surfactants in Solid SMEDDS Formulation Removes Lag Time and Influences the Formation of Structured Particles During Digestion. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:754-764. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-0036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Separation of external aqueous phase from o/w nanoemulsions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 96:171-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Malhaire H, Gimel JC, Roger E, Benoît JP, Lagarce F. How to design the surface of peptide-loaded nanoparticles for efficient oral bioavailability? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:320-336. [PMID: 27058155 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The oral administration of proteins is a current challenge to be faced in the field of therapeutics. There is currently much interest in nanocarriers since they can enhance oral bioavailability. For lack of a clear definition, the key characteristics of nanoparticles have been highlighted. Specific surface area is one of these characteristics and represents a huge source of energy that can be used to control the biological fate of the carrier. The review discusses nanocarrier stability, mucus interaction and absorption through the intestinal epithelium. The protein corona, which has raised interest over the last decade, is also discussed. The universal ideal surface is a myth and over-coated carriers are not a solution either. Besides, common excipients can be useful on several targets. The suitable design should rather take into account the composition, structure and behavior of unmodified nanomaterials.
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Qi J, Zhuang J, Lu Y, Dong X, Zhao W, Wu W. In vivo fate of lipid-based nanoparticles. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:166-172. [PMID: 27713035 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo fate of lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNs) is essentially determined by the properties of their lipid compositions. LBNs are rapidly degraded via lipolysis wherever lipases are abundant, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. LBNs that survive lipolysis can be translocated through the circulation to reach terminal organs or tissues. Lipid composition, particle size, and surface decoration, as well as the formation of protein corona, are the main factors influencing the in vivo fate of LBNs. As we discuss here, elucidation of the in vivo fate of LBNs helps weigh the balance between lipolysis and biorecognition, and is emerging as a new field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai, China.
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42
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Khan J, Hawley A, Rades T, Boyd BJ. In Situ Lipolysis and Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering for the Direct Determination of the Precipitation and Solid-State Form of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug During Digestion of a Lipid-Based Formulation. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2631-2639. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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43
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Rehman FU, Shah KU, Shah SU, Khan IU, Khan GM, Khan A. From nanoemulsions to self-nanoemulsions, with recent advances in self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:1325-1340. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1218462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiza Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Shefaat Ullah Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Medina-O'Donnell M, Rivas F, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Martinez A, Martin-Fonseca S, Garcia-Granados A, Ferrer-Martín RM, Lupiañez JA, Parra A. Semi-synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of PEGylated pentacyclic triterpenes. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 118:64-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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45
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Feeney OM, Crum MF, McEvoy CL, Trevaskis NL, Williams HD, Pouton CW, Charman WN, Bergström CA, Porter CJ. 50years of oral lipid-based formulations: Provenance, progress and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 101:167-194. [PMID: 27089810 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipid based formulations (LBF) provide well proven opportunities to enhance the oral absorption of drugs and drug candidates that sit close to, or beyond, the boundaries of Lipinski's 'rule-of-five' chemical space. Advantages in permeability, efflux and presystemic metabolism are evident; however, the primary benefit is in increases in dissolution and apparent intestinal solubility for lipophilic, poorly water soluble drugs. This review firstly details the inherent advantages of LBF, their general properties and classification, and provides a brief retrospective assessment of the development of LBF over the past fifty years. More detailed analysis of the ability of LBF to promote intestinal solubilisation, supersaturation and absorption is then provided alongside review of the methods employed to assess formulation performance. Critical review of the ability of simple dispersion and more complex in vitro digestion methods to predict formulation performance subsequently reveals marked differences in the correlative ability of in vitro tests, depending on the properties of the drug involved. Notably, for highly permeable low melting drugs e.g. fenofibrate, LBF appear to provide significant benefit in all cases, and sustained ongoing solubilisation may not be required. In other cases, and particularly for higher melting point drugs such as danazol, where re-dissolution of crystalline precipitate drug is likely to be slow, correlations with ongoing solubilisation and supersaturation are more evident. In spite of their potential benefits, one limitation to broader use of LBF is low drug solubility in the excipients employed to generate formulations. Techniques to increase drug lipophilicity and lipid solubility are therefore explored, and in particular those methods that provide for temporary enhancement including lipophilic ionic liquid and prodrug technologies. The transient nature of these lipophilicity increases enhances lipid solubility and LBF viability, but precludes enduring effects on receptor promiscuity and off target toxicity. Finally, recent efforts to generate solid LBF are briefly described as a means to circumvent the need to encapsulate in soft or hard gelatin capsules, although the latter remain popular with consumers and a proven means of LBF delivery.
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Hu X, Fan W, Yu Z, Lu Y, Qi J, Zhang J, Dong X, Zhao W, Wu W. Evidence does not support absorption of intact solid lipid nanoparticles via oral delivery. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7024-35. [PMID: 26725649 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07474f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Whether and to what extent solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) can be absorbed integrally via oral delivery should be clarified because it is the basis for elucidation of absorption mechanisms. To address this topic, the in vivo fate of SLNs as well as their interaction with biomembranes is investigated using water-quenching fluorescent probes that can signal structural variations of lipid-based nanocarriers. Live imaging indicates prolonged retention of SLNs in the stomach, whereas in the intestine, SLNs can be digested quickly. No translocation of intact SLNs to other organs or tissues can be observed. The in situ perfusion study shows bioadhesion of both SLNs and simulated mixed micelles (SMMs) to intestinal mucus, but no evidence of penetration of integral nanocarriers. Both SLNs and SMMs exhibit significant cellular uptake, but fail to penetrate cell monolayers. Confocal laser scanning microscopy reveals that nanocarriers mainly concentrate on the surface of the monolayers, and no evidence of penetration of intact vehicles can be obtained. The mucous layer acts as a barrier to the penetration of both SLNs and SMMs. Both bile salt-decoration and SMM formulation help to strengthen the interaction with biomembranes. It is concluded that evidence does not support absorption of intact SLNs via oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
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47
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Suk JS, Xu Q, Kim N, Hanes J, Ensign LM. PEGylation as a strategy for improving nanoparticle-based drug and gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016. [DOI: '10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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48
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PEGylation as a strategy for improving nanoparticle-based drug and gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:28-51. [PMID: 26456916 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2362] [Impact Index Per Article: 295.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coating the surface of nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG), or "PEGylation", is a commonly used approach for improving the efficiency of drug and gene delivery to target cells and tissues. Building from the success of PEGylating proteins to improve systemic circulation time and decrease immunogenicity, the impact of PEG coatings on the fate of systemically administered nanoparticle formulations has, and continues to be, widely studied. PEG coatings on nanoparticles shield the surface from aggregation, opsonization, and phagocytosis, prolonging systemic circulation time. Here, we briefly describe the history of the development of PEGylated nanoparticle formulations for systemic administration, including how factors such as PEG molecular weight, PEG surface density, nanoparticle core properties, and repeated administration impact circulation time. A less frequently discussed topic, we then describe how PEG coatings on nanoparticles have also been utilized for overcoming various biological barriers to efficient drug and gene delivery associated with other modes of administration, ranging from gastrointestinal to ocular. Finally, we describe both methods for PEGylating nanoparticles and methods for characterizing PEG surface density, a key factor in the effectiveness of the PEG surface coating for improving drug and gene delivery.
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49
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Wan K, Sun L, Hu X, Yan Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang J. Novel nanoemulsion based lipid nanosystems for favorable in vitro and in vivo characteristics of curcumin. Int J Pharm 2016; 504:80-8. [PMID: 27034002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the enhanced elementary characteristics, in vitro release, anti-cancer cytotoxicity, in situ absorption and in vivo bioavailability of a novel nanoemulsion based lipid nanosystems containing curcumin (CNELNs) when administered orally. The CNELNs were first fabricated by loading water-in-oil nanoemulsions into lipid nanosystems using a nanoemulsion-film dispersion-sonication method. The gastro-intestinal absorption, in vitro release and in vivo kinetic property of CNELNs were investigated using an in situ perfusion method, a dialysis method and a concentration-time curve based method, respectively. The inhibitory effects of CNELNs on human lung cancer A549 cell growth were determined using MTT assay. The absorption constants and effective permeabilities of CNELNs in different gastro-intestinal tracts increased 2.29-4.04 times and 4.06-8.27 times that of curcumin (CUR), respectively. The relative bioavailability of CNELNs to free CUR was 733.59%. CNELNs inhibited A549 growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CNELNs markedly improved the oral bioavailability of CUR which was probably due to the increased gastro-intestinal absorption. CNELNs had stronger inhibitory effects on the viabilities of A549 cells than that of free CUR. CNELNs might be promising nanosystems for oral delivery of CUR to satisfy clinical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wan
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lili Sun
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xueyuan Hu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zijun Yan
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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50
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Rao S, Prestidge CA. Polymer-lipid hybrid systems: merging the benefits of polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers to improve oral drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:691-707. [PMID: 26866382 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1151872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of biobarriers limit efficient oral drug absorption; both polymer-based and lipid-based nanocarriers have demonstrated properties and delivery mechanisms to overcome these biobarriers in preclinical settings. Moreover, in order to address the multifaceted oral drug delivery challenges, polymer-lipid hybrid systems are now being designed to merge the beneficial features of both polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers. AREAS COVERED Recent advances in the development of polymer-lipid hybrids with a specific focus on their viability in oral delivery are reviewed. Three classes of polymer-lipid hybrids have been identified, i.e. lipid-core polymer-shell systems, polymer-core lipid-shell systems, and matrix-type polymer-lipid hybrids. We focus on their application to overcome the various biological barriers to oral drug absorption, as exemplified by selected preclinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Numerous studies have demonstrated the superiority of polymer-lipid hybrid systems to their non-hybrid counterparts in providing improved drug encapsulation, modulated drug release, and improved cellular uptake. These features have encouraged their applications in the delivery of chemotherapeutics, proteins, peptides, and vaccines. With further research expected to optimize the manufacturing and scaling up processes and in-depth pre-clinical pharmacological and toxicological assessments, these multifaceted drug delivery systems will have significant clinical impact on the oral delivery of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Rao
- a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , SA , Australia
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