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Uivarasan A, Lukinac J, Jukić M, Šelo G, Peter A, Nicula C, Mihaly Cozmuta A, Mihaly Cozmuta L. Characterization of Polyphenol Composition and Starch and Protein Structure in Brown Rice Flour, Black Rice Flour and Their Mixtures. Foods 2024; 13:1592. [PMID: 38890821 PMCID: PMC11172181 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigates the structural and chemical properties of brown rice flour (WRF), black rice flour (BRF) and their mixtures in ratios of 25%, 50% and 75% to provide reference information for the gluten-free bakery industry. BRF contains higher concentrations of proteins, lipids, total minerals, crude fiber, total polyphenols, proanthocyanidins and flavonoids than WRF. A higher amylose content in BRF than in WRF resulted in flour mixtures with slower starch digestion and a lower glycemic response depending on the BRF ratio added. Differences in the chemical composition of WRF and BRF led to improved composition of the flour mixtures depending on the BRF ratio. The presence of anthocyanidins and phenolic acids in higher concentrations in the BRF resulted in a red-blue color shift within the flour mixtures. The deconvoluted FTIR spectra showed a higher proportion of α-helixes in the amide I band of BRF proteins, indicating their tighter folding. An analysis of the FTIR spectra revealed a more compact starch structure in BRF than in WRF. By processing reflection spectra, nine optically active compound groups were distinguished in rice flour, the proportion in BRF being 83.02% higher than in WRF. Due to co-pigmentation, the bathochromic shift to higher wavelengths was expressed by the proanthocyanins and phenolic acids associated with the wavelengths 380 nm to 590 nm and at 695 nm. Anthocyanins, protein-tannin complexes, methylated anthocyanins and acylated anthocyanins, associated with wavelengths 619, 644 and 668 nm, exhibited a hypsochromic effect by shifting the wavelengths to lower values. This research represents a first step in the development of rice-based products with increased nutritional value and a lower glycemic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Uivarasan
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Technical University of Cluj Napoca, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania; (A.U.); (A.P.); (C.N.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Jasmina Lukinac
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.L.); (M.J.); (G.Š.)
| | - Marko Jukić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.L.); (M.J.); (G.Š.)
| | - Gordana Šelo
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.L.); (M.J.); (G.Š.)
| | - Anca Peter
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Technical University of Cluj Napoca, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania; (A.U.); (A.P.); (C.N.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Camelia Nicula
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Technical University of Cluj Napoca, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania; (A.U.); (A.P.); (C.N.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Anca Mihaly Cozmuta
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Technical University of Cluj Napoca, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania; (A.U.); (A.P.); (C.N.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Leonard Mihaly Cozmuta
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Technical University of Cluj Napoca, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania; (A.U.); (A.P.); (C.N.); (A.M.C.)
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AbdElgawad H, Magdy Korany S, Hagagy N, Yaghoubi Khanghahi M, Reyad AM, Crecchio C, Zakri AM, Alsherif EA, Bakkar MR. Biochemical and pharmaceutical traits of Marrubium vulgare L. plants treated with plant growth-promoting bacteria and elevated CO 2. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:412. [PMID: 37997597 PMCID: PMC10663420 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research aimed to understand the influence of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) on various biochemical, nutritional, and pharmaceutical characteristics of Marrubium vulgare plants grown under elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2). To achieve this objective, a pot experiment was carried out, consisting of two treatments, namely: (i) biofertilization (Bf) by a PGPB strain (Micromonospora sp.) and (ii) two different air CO2 levels, including ambient CO2 (aCO2) and eCO2 concentrations (410 and 710 μmol CO2 mol-1, respectively). The improvement in the photosynthesis rate of eCO2 and Bf-treated plants can explain the increase in the production of carbohydrate. This is evidenced by a substantial rise, reaching up to + 75% and 25% in the total sugar and starch content in plants subjected to eCO2 treatment, respectively. Additionally, eCO2-treated plants exhibited a remarkable 102% increase in soluble sugar synthesis, while plants subjected to Bf treatment showed a notable increase of 66%. Such modifications could be the main factor affecting plants carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Although the level of certain amino acids (such as glycine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) in plants exhibited significant increases in response to eCO2 and Bf, the levels of other amino acids demonstrated enhancements in plants grown under eCO2 (e.g., histidine) or under treatments containing Bf (e.g., alanine and ornithine). Improvements in primary metabolites led to more benefits in plants treated with Bf and CO2 by boosting secondary metabolites accumulation, including phenolics (+ 27-100%), flavonoids (+ 30-92%), and essential oils (up to + 296%), as well as improved antioxidant capacity (FRAP). This remarkable effectiveness was evident in the significant increase in the biomass production, highlighting the synergistic impact of the treatments. Therefore, the interaction of Bf and eCO2 not only induced plant biomass accumulation but also improved the nutritional and pharmaceutical value of M. vulgare plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521 Egypt
| | - Shereen Magdy Korany
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795 Egypt
| | - Nashwa Hagagy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Yaghoubi Khanghahi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Reyad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521 Egypt
| | - Carmine Crecchio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Adel M. Zakri
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad A. Alsherif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521 Egypt
| | - Marwa Reda Bakkar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795 Egypt
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Mipeshwaree Devi A, Khedashwori Devi K, Premi Devi P, Lakshmipriyari Devi M, Das S. Metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolites: prospects and its technological challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1171154. [PMID: 37251773 PMCID: PMC10214965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1171154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that play vital roles for their primary functions such as growth, defence, adaptations or reproduction. Some of the plant secondary metabolites are beneficial to mankind as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Metabolic pathways and their regulatory mechanism are crucial for targeting metabolite engineering. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated system has been widely applied in genome editing with high accuracy, efficiency, and multiplex targeting ability. Besides its vast application in genetic improvement, the technique also facilitates a comprehensive profiling approach to functional genomics related to gene discovery involved in various plant secondary metabolic pathways. Despite these wide applications, several challenges limit CRISPR/Cas system applicability in genome editing in plants. This review highlights updated applications of CRISPR/Cas system-mediated metabolic engineering of plants and its challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sudripta Das
- Plant Bioresources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur, India
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Chen HJ, Dai FJ, Chen CY, Fan SL, Zheng JH, Chau CF, Lin YS, Chen CS. Effects of molecular weight fraction on antioxidation capacity of rice protein hydrolysates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3464. [PMID: 36859456 PMCID: PMC9977952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice protein was used as a starting material to provide rice protein hydrolysates (RPH) through enzyme-assisted extraction. RPH was further fractionated using ultrafiltration membrane (UF) and classified by molecular weight (MW; MW < 1 kDa, MW 1-10 kDa, and MW > 10 kDa). Peptides with MW < 1 kDa possessed superior antioxidant properties (p < 0.05). Therefore, UF demonstrated great efficacy in selectively separating antioxidant peptides. A Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the total phenolic concentration was correlated with oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC; r = 0.999, p < 0.05). Amino acid contents had negative correlations with the scavenging activity (specifically, IC50) of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals (r = - 0.986 to - 1.000). Reducing power was related to aromatic amino acid contents (r = 0.997, p < 0.05). In this study, enzymatic hydrolysis was discovered to be an effective method of extracting and isolating natural antioxidant proteins from broken rice, thus preserving the nutritional quality of rice and making those proteins more accessible in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Chen
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402204 Taiwan ,Healthmate Co., Ltd, Changhua, 500016 Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-You Chen
- grid.412103.50000 0004 0622 7206Ph.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 360302 Taiwan
| | | | - Ji-Hong Zheng
- grid.412103.50000 0004 0622 7206Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 360302 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fai Chau
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402204 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 360302, Taiwan. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 360302, Taiwan. .,Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Shuh Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402204, Taiwan.
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Ratha J, Yongram C, Panyatip P, Powijitkul P, Siriparu P, Datham S, Priprem A, Srisongkram T, Puthongking P. Polyphenol and Tryptophan Contents of Purple Corn ( Zea mays L.) Variety KND and Butterfly Pea ( Clitoria ternatea) Aqueous Extracts: Insights into Phytochemical Profiles with Antioxidant Activities and PCA Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030603. [PMID: 36771687 PMCID: PMC9921721 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of phytochemical compounds with antioxidant activity. Several studies have revealed that the consumption of plant polyphenols reduces the risk of diseases. Purple corn (Zea mays L. variety KND) and butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea; CT) were selected to be investigated as alternative natural polyphenol sources to increase the value of these plants. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of KND cob, silk, husk and CT extracts alone and in combination were investigated in this study. The results revealed that purple corn cob (C) extract had the highest tryptophan, melatonin, total anthocyanin (TAC) and delphinidin content, while the purple corn silk (S) extract showed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities. Serotonin was found only in purple corn husk (H) extract and C extract. High contents of tryptophan and sinapic acid were found in CT extract. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that strong antioxidant activities were strongly correlated with protocatechuic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid contents, moderate antioxidant activities were strongly correlated with melatonin, and low antioxidant activities were strongly correlated with sinapic acid content. Therefore, the purple corn variety KND waste cobs, silk and husks are a potentially rich source of health-promoting phytochemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthamat Ratha
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Yongram
- Division of Cannabis Health Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suansunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand
| | - Panyada Panyatip
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Patcharapol Powijitkul
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pimolwan Siriparu
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suthida Datham
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Aroonsri Priprem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ploenthip Puthongking
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Shen M, Cai C, Song L, Qiu J, Ma C, Wang D, Gu X, Yang X, Wei W, Tao Y, Zhang J, Liu G, Zhu C. Elevated CO 2 and temperature under future climate change increase severity of rice sheath blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1115614. [PMID: 36778685 PMCID: PMC9909553 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1115614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sheath blight (ShB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the major threats to rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. However, it is not clear how the risk of rice ShB will respond to elevated CO2 and temperature under future climate change. Here, we conducted, field experiments of inoculated R. solani under combinations of two CO2 levels (ambient and enriched up to 590 μmol mol-1) and two temperature levels (ambient and increased by 2.0°C) in temperature by free-air CO2 enrichment (T-FACE) system for two cultivars (a susceptible cultivar, Lemont and a resistant cultivar, YSBR1). Results indicate that for the inoculation of plants with R. solani, the vertical length of ShB lesions for cv. Lemont was significantly longer than that for cv. YSBR1 under four CO2 and temperature treatments. The vertical length of ShB lesions was significantly increased by elevated temperature, but not by elevated CO2, for both cultivars. The vertical length of ShB lesions under the combination of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature was increased by 21-38% for cv. Lemont and by -1-6% for cv. YSBR1. A significant increase in MDA level was related to a significant increase in the vertical length of ShB lesions under the combination of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature. Elevated CO2 could not compensate for the negative effect of elevated temperature on yield of both cultivars under future climate change. Rice yield and biomass were further decreased by 2.0-2.5% and 2.9-4.2% by an increase in the severity of ShB under the combination of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature. Thus, reasonable agronomic management practices are required to improve both resistance to ShB disease and grain yield for rice under future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangbo Qiu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chuanqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jishuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunwu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Qaderi MM, Martel AB, Strugnell CA. Environmental Factors Regulate Plant Secondary Metabolites. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030447. [PMID: 36771531 PMCID: PMC9920071 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic environmental stresses can alter plant metabolism, leading to inhibition or promotion of secondary metabolites. Although the crucial roles of these compounds in plant acclimation and defense are well known, their response to climate change is poorly understood. As the effects of climate change have been increasing, their regulatory aspects on plant secondary metabolism becomes increasingly important. Effects of individual climate change components, including high temperature, elevated carbon dioxide, drought stress, enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation, and their interactions on secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids, continue to be studied as evidence mounting. It is important to understand those aspects of secondary metabolites that shape the success of certain plants in the future. This review aims to present and synthesize recent advances in the effects of climate change on secondary metabolism, delving from the molecular aspects to the organismal effects of an increased or decreased concentration of these compounds. A thorough analysis of the current knowledge about the effects of climate change components on plant secondary metabolites should provide us with the required information regarding plant performance under climate change conditions. Further studies should provide more insight into the understanding of multiple environmental factors effects on plant secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirwais M. Qaderi
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Ashley B. Martel
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Courtney A. Strugnell
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
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Suo H, Peng Z, Guo Z, Wu C, Liu J, Wang L, Xiao J, Li X. Deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from different potato genotypes: Comparison of free and bound phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2022; 388:133058. [PMID: 35486990 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Potato phenolics exhibit health-promoting effects. Studies on bound phenolics are scarce. Here, significant differences in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity in free and bound forms were found among 19 potato genotypes. 7 free and 24 bound phenolics were characterized and quantified using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry, among which 22 bound phenolics are reported for the first time in potato. The number and content of identified free and bound phenolics changed considerably among the genotypes. Chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and rutin in free form, and benzoic and caftaric acids in bound form were predominant. Heijingang showed the highest free and total TPC and antioxidant activity, and the largest number of phenolic compounds, whereas S17-1-1 contained the highest free and total TFC and Longshu 7 contained the highest bound phenolic content. Cluster analysis segregated the genotypes into 6 groups. This study provides useful information on benefits of potato in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicui Suo
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziting Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengjunhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jitao Liu
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China.
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Shi X, Shen J, Niu B, Lam SK, Zong Y, Zhang D, Hao X, Li P. An optimistic future of C 4 crop broomcorn millet ( Panicum miliaceum L.) for food security under increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14024. [PMID: 36097526 PMCID: PMC9463996 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Broomcorn millet, a C4 cereal, has better tolerance to environmental stresses. Although elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration has led to grain nutrition reduction in most staple crops, studies evaluating its effects on broomcorn millet are still scarce. The yield, nutritional quality and metabolites of broomcorn millet were investigated under ambient CO2 (aCO2, 400 µmol mol-1) and elevated CO2 (eCO2, aCO2+ 200 µmol mol-1) for three years using open-top chambers (OTC). The results showed that the yield of broomcorn millet was markedly increased under eCO2 compared with aCO2. On average, eCO2 significantly increased the concentration of Mg (27.3%), Mn (14.6%), and B (21.2%) over three years, whereas it did not affect the concentration of P, K, Fe, Ca, Cu or Zn. Protein content was significantly decreased, whereas starch and oil concentrations were not changed by eCO2. With the greater increase in grain yield, eCO2 induced increase in the grain accumulations of P (23.87%), K (29.5%), Mn (40.08%), Ca (22.58%), Mg (51.31%), Zn (40.95%), B (48.54%), starch (16.96%) and oil (28.37%) on average for three years. Flavonoids such as kaempferol, apigenin, eriodictyol, luteolin, and chrysoeriol were accumulated under eCO2. The reduction in L-glutamine and L-lysine metabolites, which were the most representative amino acid in grain proteins, led to a reduction of protein concentration under eCO2. Broomcorn millet has more desirable nutritional traits for combating hidden hunger. This may potentially be useful for breeding more nutritious plants in the era of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Shi
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Bingjie Niu
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Shu Kee Lam
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Xingyu Hao
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China,Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, China
| | - Ping Li
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China,Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, China
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Alnamshan MM. Antioxidant extract of black rice prevents renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis caused by ethanol-induced toxicity. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e261874. [PMID: 36000692 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.261874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective role of extracted natural antioxidants from black rice and their effect on kidney failure and renal cirrhosis caused by ethanol-induced toxicity. Antioxidant activity in terms of total phenol content, flavonoid compounds and anthocyanin, as well as antioxidant capacity, was determined in an extract of black rice. The findings noted that the black rice extract contained high amounts of antioxidant activity and capacity. Total phenolic compounds from black rice extract were fractionated using HPLC and the results showed that ferulic, sinapic, ascorbic, salicylic and coumaric acids were the highest in the extract. Biological experiments were performed on male albino adult rats (40 animals, 10 rats for each group), divided into four groups. After five weeks, kidney functions and protein fractions were assessed. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) enzyme activities were determined in all groups. The results found that kidney function, total protein, albumin and globulin were affected by renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis in the positive control (PC), whereas groups 3 and 4 noted an improvement in renal function nearly or equal to the healthy rats which were fed on a basal diet. Furthermore, the PC group showed significantly decreased levels of enzymatic antioxidants, namely SOD and GSH with a concomitant elevated MDA level compared with those in the negative rats fed on a basal diet. Groups 3 and 4 also reported improvements in enzyme activity. These results were further supported by histopathological findings which revealed a curative effect in groups 3 and 4, which avoided renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis from ethanol-induced toxicity. From the results, it can be said that the black rice extract with the highest amounts of antioxidants led to improvements in all parameters, especially kidney function, total protein, albumin, and globulin, in addition to enzyme activity. Therefore, black rice can be recommended as a benefit to general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Alnamshan
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Soares JC, Zimmermann L, Zendonadi dos Santos N, Muller O, Pintado M, Vasconcelos MW. Genotypic variation in the response of soybean to elevated CO 2. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:263-276. [PMID: 37284177 PMCID: PMC10168044 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on soybean productivity is essential to the global food supply because it is the world's leading source of vegetable proteins. This study aimed to understand the yield responses and nutritional impact under free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) conditions of soybean genotypes. Here we report that grain yield increased by 46.9% and no reduction in harvest index was observed among soybean genotypes. Elevated CO2 improved the photosynthetic carbon assimilation rate, leaf area, plant height, and aboveground biomass at vegetative and pod filling stages. Besides the positive effects on yield parameters, eCO2 differentially affected the overall grain quality. The levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), boron (B), and zinc (Zn) grain minerals decreased by 22.9, 9.0, 4.9, 10.1, 21.3, 28.1, 18.5, and 25.9% under eCO2 conditions, respectively. Soluble sugars and starch increased by 9.1 and 16.0%, respectively, phytic acid accumulation increased by 8.1%, but grain protein content significantly decreased by 5.6% across soybean genotypes. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity decreased by 36.9%, but the total phenolic content was not affected by eCO2 conditions. Genotypes, such as Winsconsin Black, Primorskaja, and L-117, were considered the most responsive to eCO2 in terms of yield enhancement and less affected in the nutritional quality. Our results confirm the existence of genetic variability in soybean responses to eCO2, and differences between genotypes in yield improvement and decreased sensitivity to eCO2 in terms of grain quality loss could be included in future soybean selection to enable adaptation to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C. Soares
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório AssociadoEscola Superior de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica PortuguesaPortoPortugal
| | - Lars Zimmermann
- Field Lab Campus KleinAltendorfUniversity of BonnRheinbachGermany
| | | | - Onno Muller
- Institute for Bio‐ and GeosciencesIBG‐2: Plant SciencesForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório AssociadoEscola Superior de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica PortuguesaPortoPortugal
| | - Marta W. Vasconcelos
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório AssociadoEscola Superior de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Católica PortuguesaPortoPortugal
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12
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Kasote D, Sreenivasulu N, Acuin C, Regina A. Enhancing health benefits of milled rice: current status and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8099-8119. [PMID: 34036858 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1925629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Milled rice is an essential part of the regular diet for approximately half of the world's population. Its remarkable commercial value and consumer acceptance are mostly due to its promising cooking qualities, appealing sensory properties, and longer shelf life. However, the significant loss of the nutrient-rich bran layer during milling makes it less nutritious than the whole grain. Thus, enhancing the nutritive value of milled rice is vital in improving the health and wellbeing of rice consumers, particularly for those residing in the low-economic zones where rice is the primary source of calories and nutrition. This article provides a critical review on multiple frontiers of recent interventions, such as (1) infusing the genetic diversity to enrich amylose and resistant starch to reduce glycaemic index, (2) enhancing the minerals and vitamins through complementary fortification and biofortification as short and long-term interventions, and (3) developing transgenic solutions to improve the nutrient levels of milled rice. Additionally, the review highlights the benefits of functional ingredients of milled rice to human health and the potential of enhancing them in rice to address the triple burden of malnutrition. The potential merit of milled rice concerning food safety is also reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kasote
- Centre of Excellence in Rice Value Addition (CERVA), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Rice Breeding and Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Cecilia Acuin
- Rice Breeding and Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Ahmed Regina
- Centre of Excellence in Rice Value Addition (CERVA), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), South Asia Regional Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
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13
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Zhang C, Jia X, Zhao Y, Wang L, Cao K, Zhang N, Gao Y, Wang Z. The combined effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 and cadmium exposure on flavonoids in the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 210:111878. [PMID: 33418159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids participate in several plant processes such as growth and physiological protection in adverse environments. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of eCO2 and cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils on the total flavonoid and monomer contents in the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. Elevated CO2, Cd, and eCO2+ Cd increased the total flavonoids in the leaves relative to the control, and eCO2 mostly increased (p < 0.05) the total flavonoid content under Cd exposure. Elevated CO2 increased (p < 0.05) robinin, rutin, and acacetin contents in the leaves of 45-day seedlings and decreased (p < 0.05) the content of robinin and acacetin at 90 and 135 d under Cd exposure except for robinin at day 45 under Cd1 and acacetin on day 135 under Cd1. Quercetin content decreased (p < 0.05) under the combined conditions relative to Cd alone. Kaempferol in the leaves was only detected under eCO2 on day 135. The responses of total chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, starch, C, N, S, and the C/N ratio in the leaves to eCO2 significantly affected the synthesis of total flavonoids and monomers under Cd exposure. Overall, rutin was more sensitive to eCO2+ Cd than the other flavonoids. Cadmium, CO2, and time had significant interactive effects on the synthesis of flavonoids in the leaves of R. pseudoacacia L. seedlings. Elevated CO2 may improve the protection and defense system of seedlings grown in Cd-contaminated soils by promoting the synthesis of total flavonoids, although robinin, rutin, quercetin, and acacetin yields may reduce with time. Additionally, increased Cd in the leaves suggested that eCO2 could improve the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Xia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Kemeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ningjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Gao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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14
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Lamichaney A, Tewari K, Basu PS, Katiyar PK, Singh NP. Effect of elevated carbon-dioxide on plant growth, physiology, yield and seed quality of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) in Indo-Gangetic plains. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:251-263. [PMID: 33707867 PMCID: PMC7907398 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present scenario of climate change with constantly increasing CO2 concentration, there is a risk of altered crop performance in terms of growth, yield, grain nutritional value and seed quality. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in open top chamber (OTCs) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to assess the effect of elevated atmospheric carbondioxide (e[CO2]) (600 ppm) on chickpea (cv. JG 14) crop growth, biomass accumulation, physiological function, seed yield and its quality in terms of germination and vigour. The e[CO2] treatment increased the plant height, leaf and stem biomass over ambient CO2 (a[CO2]) treatment. The e[CO2] increased seed yield by 11-18% which was attributed to an increase in the number of pods (6-10%) and seeds plant-1 (8-9%) over a[CO2]. However, e[CO2] reduced the seed protein (7%), total phenol (13%) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (12%) and increased the starch (21%) and water uptake rate as compared to seeds harvested from a[CO2] environment. Exposing chickpea plant to e[CO2] treatment had no impact on germination and vigour of the harvested seeds. Also, the physical attributes, total soluble sugar and antioxidant enzymes activities of harvested seeds were comparable in a[CO2] and e[CO2] treatment. Hence, the experimental findings depict that e[CO2] upto 600 ppm could add to the growth and productivity of chickpea in a sub-tropical climate with an implication on its nutritional quality of the produce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalpana Tewari
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024 India
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15
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A systematic review of rice noodles: Raw material, processing method and quality improvement. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Blandino M, Badeck FW, Giordano D, Marti A, Rizza F, Scarpino V, Vaccino P. Elevated CO 2 Impact on Common Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Yield, Wholemeal Quality, and Sanitary Risk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10574-10585. [PMID: 32865999 PMCID: PMC8011921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The rising atmospheric CO2, concentration is expected to exert a strong impact on crop production, enhancing crop growth but threatening food security and safety. An improver wheat, a hybrid, and its parents were grown at elevated CO2, e[CO2] in open field, and their yield and rheological, nutritional, and sanitary quality were assessed. For all cultivars, grain yield increased (+16%) and protein content decreased (-7%), accompanied by a reduction in dough strength. Grain nitrogen yield increased (+24%) only in ordinary bread making cultivars. e[CO2] did not result in significant changes in phenolic acid content and composition, whereas it produced a significant increase in the deoxynivalenol content. Different responses to e[CO2] between cultivars were found for yield parameters, while the effect on qualitative traits was quite similar. In the upcoming wheat cropping systems, agronomic practices and cultivar selection suited to guarantee higher nitrogen responsiveness and minimization of sanitary risk are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Blandino
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
- . Phone +39 0116708895
| | - Franz-W. Badeck
- Consiglio
per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia
agraria, Research Centre for Genomics and
Bioinformatics, via San
Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Debora Giordano
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Alessandra Marti
- Department
of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvia Rizza
- Consiglio
per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia
agraria, Research Centre for Genomics and
Bioinformatics, via San
Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Valentina Scarpino
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Patrizia Vaccino
- Consiglio
per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia
agraria, Research Centre for Cereal and
Industrial Crops, S.S.
11 for Torino km 2,5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
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17
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Interactive Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Elevated CO 2 on Growth and Functional Food Value of Thymus vulgare. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030168. [PMID: 32916889 PMCID: PMC7559143 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and elevated CO2 (eCO2) have been effectively integrated to the agricultural procedures as an ecofriendly approach to support the production and quality of plants. However, less attention has been given to the synchronous application of AMF and eCO2 and how that could affect the global plant metabolism. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of AMF and eCO2, individually or in combination, on growth, photosynthesis, metabolism and the functional food value of Thymus vulgare. Results revealed that both AMF and eCO2 treatments improved the photosynthesis and biomass production, however much more positive impact was obtained by their synchronous application. Moreover, the levels of the majority of the detected sugars, organic acids, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, volatile compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoids were further improved as a result of the synergistic action of AMF and eCO2, as compared to the individual treatments. Overall, this study clearly shows that co-application of AMF and eCO2 induces a synergistic biofertilization impact and enhances the functional food value of T. vulgare by affecting its global metabolism.
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18
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Verma DK, Srivastav PP. Bioactive compounds of rice (Oryza sativa L.): Review on paradigm and its potential benefit in human health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Goufo P, Marques AC, Cortez I. Exhibition of Local but Not Systemic Induced Phenolic Defenses in Vitis vinifera L. Affected by Brown Wood Streaking, Grapevine Leaf Stripe, and Apoplexy (Esca Complex). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E412. [PMID: 31614984 PMCID: PMC6843574 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Balance between constitutive and induced responses provides plants flexibility to cope with biotic stresses. This study tested the hypothesis that invasion of grapevine wood by esca-associated fungi induces the production of defensive compounds as part of locally- and systemically-induced responses. In a vineyard, different symptomatic expressions of "Esca complex" in Vitis vinifera L. 'Malvasia' were evaluated in annual inspections. Then, levels of phenolics and fatty acids were determined in asymptomatic leaves of brown wood streaking (BWS) and grapevine leaf stripe (GLSD) vines, and in symptomatic leaves of GLSD and apoplectic vines; the results were compared with levels in healthy vines. In asymptomatic leaves of BWS and some GLSD vines, levels of phenolics decreased, independent of the total phenolic group. Such responses were usually associated with an increase in levels of linoleic, γ-linolenic and arachidonic acids, well-known signal transduction mediators. In symptomatic leaves, levels of phenolics increased, which is consistent with a locally-induced response; the onset of symptoms coincided with the highest increases e.g., 35% for quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. Thus, the long latency period between trunk invasion by fungi and visible foliar damage and the year-to-year fluctuation in symptomatic expressions observed with "Esca complex" might be partially attributed to a better utilization of constitutive defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piebiep Goufo
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana C Marques
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Cortez
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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20
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Poulev A, Heckman JR, Raskin I, Belanger FC. Tricin levels and expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in developing grains of purple and brown pericarp rice. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6477. [PMID: 30805251 PMCID: PMC6383554 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylated flavone tricin has been associated with numerous health benefits, including reductions in intestinal and colon cancers in animal models. Tricin is found in a wide range of plant species and in many different tissues. However, whole cereal grains, such as rice, barley, oats, and wheat, are the only food sources of tricin, which is located in the bran portion of the grain. Variation in tricin levels was found in bran from rice genotypes with light brown, brown, red, and purple pericarp color, with the purple pericarp genotypes having the highest levels of tricin. Here, we analyzed tricin and tricin derivative levels in developing pericarp and embryo samples of a purple pericarp genotype, IAC600, that had high tricin and tricin derivative levels in the bran, and a light brown pericarp genotype, Cocodrie, that had no detectable tricin or tricin derivatives in the bran. Tricin and tricin derivatives were detected in both the pericarp and embryo of IAC600 but only in the embryo of Cocodrie. The purple pericarp rice had higher total levels of free tricin plus tricin derivatives than the light brown pericarp rice. When expressed on a per grain basis, most of the tricin component of IAC600 was in the pericarp. In contrast, Cocodrie had no detectable tricin in the pericarp samples but did have detectable chrysoeriol, a precursor of tricin, in the pericarp samples. We also used RNA-Seq analysis of developing pericarp and embryo samples of the two cultivars to compare the expression of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. The results presented here suggest that understanding the basis of tricin accumulation in rice pericarp may lead to an approach to increasing tricin levels in whole grain rice. From analysis of gene expression levels in the pericarp samples it appears that regulation of the flavone specific genes is independent of regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. It therefore may be feasible to develop brown pericarp rice cultivars that accumulate tricin in the pericarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph R Heckman
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Faith C Belanger
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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21
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Extraction and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Rice: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112890. [PMID: 30404149 PMCID: PMC6278312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice represents the main source of calorie intake in many world countries and about 60% of the world population include rice in their staple diet. Whole grain rice, also called brown rice, represent the unpolished version of the more common white rice including bran, germ, and endosperm. Many health-promoting properties have been associated to the consumption of whole grain rice and, for this reason, great attention has been paid by the scientific community towards the identification and the quantification of bioactive compounds in this food item. In this contribution, the last five years progresses in the quali-quantitative determination of phenolic compounds in rice have been highlighted. Special attention has been devoted to the most recent strategies for the extraction of the target compounds from rice along with the analytical approaches adopted for the separation, identification and quantification of phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins. More specifically, the main features of the “traditional” extraction methods (i.e., maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction) have been described, as well as the more innovative protocols involving advanced extraction techniques, such as MAE (microwave-assisted extraction). The predominant role of HPLC in the definition of the phenolic profile has been examined also presenting the most recent results obtained by using mass spectrometry-based detection systems. In addition, the most common procedures aimed to the quantification of the total amount of the cited classes of phenolic compounds have been described together with the spectrophotometric protocols aimed to the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of rice phenolic extracts (i.e., FRAP, DPPH, ABTS and ORAC).
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22
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Therapeutic potential of rice-derived polyphenols on obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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23
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Rao S, Schwarz LJ, Santhakumar AB, Chinkwo KA, Blanchard CL. Cereal phenolic contents as affected by variety and environment. Cereal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwangni Rao
- School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - Lachlan J. Schwarz
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - Abishek B. Santhakumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - Kenneth A. Chinkwo
- School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - Christopher L. Blanchard
- School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
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Ghasemzadeh A, Baghdadi A, Z E Jaafar H, Swamy MK, Megat Wahab PE. Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction from Red and Brown Rice Bran and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081863. [PMID: 30049990 PMCID: PMC6222751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the quality-by-design concept has been widely implemented in the optimization of pharmaceutical processes to improve batch-to-batch consistency. As flavonoid compounds in pigmented rice bran may provide natural antioxidants, extraction of flavonoid components from red and brown rice bran was optimized using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Among the solvents tested, ethanol was most efficient for extracting flavonoids from rice bran. The examined parameters were temperature, solvent percentage, extraction time, and solvent-to-solid ratio. The highest total flavonoid content (TFC) in red rice bran was predicted as 958.14 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g dry matter (DM) at 58.5 °C, 71.5% (v/v), 36.2 min, and 7.94 mL/g, respectively, whereas the highest TFC in brown rice bran was predicted as 782.52 mg QE/100 g DM at 56.7 °C, 74.4% (v/v), 36.9 min, and 7.18 mL/g, respectively. Verification experiment results under these optimized conditions showed that the TFC values for red and brown rice bran were 962.38 and 788.21 mg QE/100 g DM, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the predicted and experimental TFC values, indicating that the developed models are accurate. Analysis of the extracts showed that apigenin and p-coumaric acid are abundant in red and brown rice bran. Further, red rice bran with its higher flavonoid content exhibited higher nitric oxide and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activities (EC50 values of 41.3 and 33.6 μg/mL, respectively) than brown rice bran. In this study, an extraction process for flavonoid compounds from red and brown rice bran was successfully optimized. The accuracy of the developed models indicated that the approach is applicable to larger-scale extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ali Baghdadi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hawa Z E Jaafar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mallappa Kumara Swamy
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Dhami N, Tissue DT, Cazzonelli CI. Leaf-age dependent response of carotenoid accumulation to elevated CO 2 in Arabidopsis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 647:67-75. [PMID: 29604257 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids contribute to photosynthesis, photoprotection, phytohormone and apocarotenoid biosynthesis in plants. Carotenoid-derived metabolites control plant growth, development and signalling processes and their accumulation can depend upon changes in the environment. Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) often enhances carbon assimilation, early growth patterns and overall plant biomass, and may increase carotenoid accumulation due to higher levels of precursors from isoprenoid biosynthesis. Variable effects of eCO2 on carotenoid accumulation in leaves have been observed for different plant species. Here, we determined whether the variable response of carotenoids to eCO2 was potentially a function of leaf age and the impact of eCO2 on leaf development by growing Arabidopsis in ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and eCO2 (800 ppm). eCO2 increased plant leaf number, rosette area, biomass, seed yield and net photosynthesis. In addition, eCO2 increased carotenoid content by 10-20% in younger emerging leaves, but not in older mature leaves. Older leaves contained approximately 60% less total carotenoids compared to younger leaves. The age-dependent effect on carotenoid content was observed for cotyledon, juvenile and adult phase leaves. We conclude that younger leaves utilize additional carbon from enhanced photosynthesis in eCO2 to increase carotenoid content, yet older leaves have less capacity to store additional carbon into carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namraj Dhami
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia.
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Rajashekar CB. Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> Levels Affect Phytochemicals and Nutritional Quality of Food Crops. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2018.92013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Variation in levels of the flavone tricin in bran from rice genotypes varying in pericarp color. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Park HY, Lee KW, Choi HD. Rice bran constituents: immunomodulatory and therapeutic activities. Food Funct 2017; 8:935-943. [PMID: 28224159 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran, one of the most abundant and valuable byproducts produced during the rice milling process, is of steadily growing interest in recent years due to its potential health benefits. Evidence is rapidly accumulating for the beneficial effects of nutraceuticals. However, the potential benefits of rice bran are found in several of its bioactive ingredients including oils, polysaccharides, proteins, and micronutrients. In addition, a significant advantage of rice bran is that it contains more than 100 antioxidants and several categories of bioactive phytonutrients, such as polyphenols, phytosterols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, B vitamins, minerals, and trace minerals. As an immunomodulator, rice bran has beneficial constituents such as polysaccharides, proteins, and oils. Numerous studies also reported that potent antioxidants in rice bran included immune system enhancing compounds, such as phytosterols, polysaccharides, minerals and trace minerals including magnesium, selenium, zinc, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids and several other phytonutrients. We believe that this review will be a valuable resource for more studies on rice barn as a dietary source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Young Park
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, South Korea and Department of Food Bioscience & Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Food Bioscience & Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Hee-Don Choi
- Division of Strategic Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, South Korea.
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Bhat FM, Riar CS. Characterizing the pigmented traditional rice cultivars grown in temperate regions of Kashmir (India) for free and bound phenolics compounds and in vitro antioxidant properties. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that the additive/synergistic effects of several bioactive compounds are responsible for the health benefits of rice. Among the leading contenders are phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocotrienols, tocopherols, λ-oryzanol, and phytic acid, which all possess strong antioxidant activities in vitro. In this review, data related to health effects of rice antioxidants using cultured cells, rodents and humans models are first summarized. The evidence is strong that consumption of rice tocotrienols translates into improved health outcomes. Current research, however, does not strongly support the health-promoting effects of rice tocopherols and phenolic acids. The crucial limitations in studies using rice flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, λ-oryzanol and phytic acid appear to be the appropriateness of the substance tested (i.e., purity), and the scarcity of animal and human interventions. In a second part, rice antioxidants are reviewed with an emphasis on their composition and contents. Taking into account the bioavailability of these compounds, it is evident that a number of factors affect the antioxidant composition of rice, making it difficult to estimate dietary intake. Before harvest, factors including soil type, atmospheric CO2, chemical inputs, temperature, and degree of ripening are important. After harvest, rice is subjected to processing methods that include drying, parboiling, storage, irradiation, milling, stabilization, soaking, germination, fermentation, boiling, steaming, roasting, baking, and extrusion. Quantitative knowledge about the effects of these processes is summarized in this review. Surprisingly, a high level of agreement was found among study results, which could be useful in manipulating the growing and processing techniques of rice grains to facilitate efficient and safe consumption of antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piebiep Goufo
- a Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) , Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB) , Vila Real , Portugal
| | - Henrique Trindade
- a Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) , Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB) , Vila Real , Portugal
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Zhang Y, Ma XM, Wang XC, Liu JH, Huang BY, Guo XY, Xiong SP, La GX. UPLC-QTOF analysis reveals metabolomic changes in the flag leaf of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under low-nitrogen stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:30-38. [PMID: 27894005 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important grain crop plants worldwide. Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for the growth and development of wheat and exerts a marked influence on its metabolites. To investigate the influence of low nitrogen stress on various metabolites of the flag leaf of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a metabolomic analysis of two wheat cultivars under different induced nitrogen levels was conducted during two important growth periods based on large-scale untargeted metabolomic analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF). Multivariate analyses-such as principle components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA)-were used for data analysis. PCA yielded distinctive clustering information among the samples, classifying the wheat flag samples into two categories: those under normal N treatment and low N treatment. By processing OPLS-DA, eleven secondary metabolites were shown to be responsible for classifying the two groups. The secondary metabolites may be considered potential biomarkers of low nitrogen stress. Chemical analyses showed that most of the identified secondary metabolites were flavonoids and their related derivatives, such as iso-vitexin, iso-orientin and methylisoorientin-2″-O-rhamnoside, etc. This study confirmed the effect of low nitrogen stress on the metabolism of wheat, and revealed that the accumulation of secondary metabolites is a response to abiotic stresses. Meanwhile, we aimed to identify markers which could be used to monitor the nitrogen status of wheat crops, presumably to guide appropriate fertilization regimens. Furthermore, the UPLC-QTOF metabolic platform technology can be used to study metabolomic variations of wheat under abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xin-Ming Ma
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Techniques, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bing-Yan Huang
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Guo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shu-Ping Xiong
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gui-Xiao La
- Industrial Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Dwivedi SL, Upadhyaya HD, Chung IM, De Vita P, García-Lara S, Guajardo-Flores D, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Serna-Saldívar SO, Rajakumar G, Sahrawat KL, Kumar J, Ortiz R. Exploiting Phenylpropanoid Derivatives to Enhance the Nutraceutical Values of Cereals and Legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:763. [PMID: 27375635 PMCID: PMC4891577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are a diverse chemical class with immense health benefits that are biosynthesized from the aromatic amino acid L-phenylalanine. This article reviews the progress for accessing variation in phenylpropanoids in germplasm collections, the genetic and molecular basis of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and the development of cultivars dense in seed-phenylpropanoids. Progress is also reviewed on high-throughput assays, factors that influence phenylpropanoids, the site of phenylpropanoids accumulation in seed, Genotype × Environment interactions, and on consumer attitudes for the acceptance of staple foods rich in phenylpropanoids. A paradigm shift was noted in barley, maize, rice, sorghum, soybean, and wheat, wherein cultivars rich in phenylpropanoids are grown in Europe and North and Central America. Studies have highlighted some biological constraints that need to be addressed for development of high-yielding cultivars that are rich in phenylpropanoids. Genomics-assisted breeding is expected to facilitate rapid introgression into improved genetic backgrounds by minimizing linkage drag. More research is needed to systematically characterize germplasm pools for assessing variation to support crop genetic enhancement, and assess consumer attitudes to foods rich in phenylpropanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangam L. Dwivedi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
| | - Hari D. Upadhyaya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, USA
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la CerealicolturaFoggia, Italy
| | - Silverio García-Lara
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Daniel Guajardo-Flores
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Janet A. Gutiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Sergio O. Serna-Saldívar
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Govindasamy Rajakumar
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Kanwar L. Sahrawat
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
| | | | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarp, Sweden
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Exploring the selectivity of supercritical CO2 to obtain nonpolar fractions of passion fruit bagasse extracts. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shao Y, Bao J. Polyphenols in whole rice grain: Genetic diversity and health benefits. Food Chem 2015; 180:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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35
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Goufo P, Falco V, Brites C, Wessel DF, Kratz S, Rosa EAS, Carranca C, Trindade H. Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Rice Quality: Nutritive Value, Color, Milling, Cooking, and Eating Qualities. Cereal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-12-13-0256-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piebiep Goufo
- CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Virgilio Falco
- CQVR – Centro de Quimica Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla Brites
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. República, Nova Oeiras, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dulcineia F. Wessel
- Department of Food Industries, ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, CI&DETS, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Sylvia Kratz
- Institut für Pflanzenbau und Bodenkunde, Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eduardo A. S. Rosa
- CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Corina Carranca
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. República, Nova Oeiras, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Henrique Trindade
- CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Corresponding author. Phone: +351 259 350 751. Fax: +351 259 350 327
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Goufo P, Ferreira LM, Trindade H, Rosa EA. Distribution of antioxidant compounds in the grain of the Mediterranean rice variety ‘Ariete’. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2014.923941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Goufo P, Ferreira LMM, Carranca C, Rosa EAS, Trindade H. Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Rice Quality: Proximate Composition, Dietary Fibers, and Free Sugars. Cereal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-09-13-0180-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piebiep Goufo
- CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luis M. M. Ferreira
- CECAV, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Corina Carranca
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. República, Nova Oeiras, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Eduardo A. S. Rosa
- CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Henrique Trindade
- CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Corresponding author. Phone: +351 259 350 751. Fax: +351 259 350 327. E-mail:
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Goufo P, Trindade H. Rice antioxidants: phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, and phytic acid. Food Sci Nutr 2014; 2:75-104. [PMID: 24804068 PMCID: PMC3959956 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggested that the low incidence of certain chronic diseases in rice-consuming regions of the world might be associated with the antioxidant compound contents of rice. The molecules with antioxidant activity contained in rice include phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, and phytic acid. This review provides information on the contents of these compounds in rice using a food composition database built from compiling data from 316 papers. The database provides access to information that would have otherwise remained hidden in the literature. For example, among the four types of rice ranked by color, black rice varieties emerged as those exhibiting the highest antioxidant activities, followed by purple, red, and brown rice varieties. Furthermore, insoluble compounds appear to constitute the major fraction of phenolic acids and proanthocyanidins in rice, but not of flavonoids and anthocyanins. It is clear that to maximize the intake of antioxidant compounds, rice should be preferentially consumed in the form of bran or as whole grain. With respect to breeding, japonica rice varieties were found to be richer in antioxidant compounds compared with indica rice varieties. Overall, rice grain fractions appear to be rich sources of antioxidant compounds. However, on a whole grain basis and with the exception of γ-oryzanol and anthocyanins, the contents of antioxidants in other cereals appear to be higher than those in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piebiep Goufo
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Henrique Trindade
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
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