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Hirani AK, Korav S, Rajanna GA, Elansary HO, Mahmoud EA. Determination of critical crop-weed competition period: Impact on growth, nutrient dynamics and productivity of green gram ( Vigna radiata). Heliyon 2024; 10:e36855. [PMID: 39281537 PMCID: PMC11402170 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The critical period of crop-weed competition (CPCWC) varies by cultivars, management strategies, cropping seasons, soil, and climate. Hence, a study was done to assess CPCWC in green gram under different cropping seasons and its impact on nutrient mining, agro-physiological characteristics, and productivity of green gram during the summer and rainy seasons. The experiment comprised of 12 treatments (weed interference until 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 days after sowing (DAS) and crop maturity, weed-free until 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 DAS and crop maturity). The treatments were placed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results revealed that, summer green gram outperformed rainy green gram by boosting nutrient uptake, growth and productivity. Weed interference up to crop harvest lowered the green gram dry matter accumulation by 34.11 %, seed index by 8.98 %, grain yield by 76.21 % and biological yield by 31.06 %. However, weed-free until crop harvest boosted nitrogen content by 50.4 %, phosphorus by 87.7 % and potassium by 42.9 %. Similarly, weed-free environment until harvest of the crop raised chlorophyll-a content by 2.9-6.6 fold and 2.7-7.0 fold, chlorophyll-b by 3.8-5.8 fold and 3.8-6.5 fold over season-long weedy plots during summer and rainy season, respectively. This study suggested that the critical duration for crop-weed competition under 5 % relative yield loss (RYL) was 11-43 DAS in summer and 4 to 36 DAS in rainy. Whereas, critical duration for the crop-weed competition at 10 % RYL was 21-36 DAS in summer and 8 to 27 DAS in rainy seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kanjibhai Hirani
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Santosh Korav
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - G A Rajanna
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, 362001, India
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Mahmoud
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, 34511, Egypt
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Gao Y, Ping H, He Z, Liu J, Zhao M, Ma Z. Characterization of the active components and bioaccessibility of phenolics in differently colored foxtail millets. Food Chem 2024; 452:139355. [PMID: 38733679 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Differently colored foxtail millet (Setaria italica) cultivars were compared regarding their amylose, B-complex vitamin, vitamin E, and phenolic compositions, as well as the bioaccessibility of their phenolics in simulated in vitro digestion. Dark-colored foxtail millets contained more thiamine, pyridoxine, and tocopherols, but less riboflavin, than light-colored ones. Phenolics were more abundant in dark-colored cultivars. Insoluble bound fractions accounted for 75%-83% of the total phenolics, with ferulic acid detected as the most plentiful compound. The major bioaccessible phenolic was free ferulic acid, with 100%-120% bioaccessibility, depending on cultivar, followed by p-coumaric acid and isoferulic acid (50%-80%). These relatively high bioaccessibilities were likely due to the release of soluble conjugated or insoluble bound phenolics during digestion. However, the contents of other free phenolics were largely decreased following in vitro digestion, resulting in low bioaccessibility, which also means that the release from the conjugated and bound fractions was poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hua Ping
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhaoying He
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
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Huang Y, Ao Y, Wan X, Liu X, Yao J, Ye H, Wang A, Zhuang P, Jiao J, Zhang Y. Assessing the Hypertension Risk: A Deep Dive into Cereal Consumption and Cooking Methods-Insights from China. Nutrients 2024; 16:3027. [PMID: 39275342 PMCID: PMC11397540 DOI: 10.3390/nu16173027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereal grains are rich in carbohydrates and could trigger a hyperglycemic response which is closely linked to blood pressure status. We aim to examine the associations between the consumption of cereals with different cooking methods and hypertension risk. METHODS We conducted a prospective analysis utilizing the nationwide data of 11,080 adult participants who were free of hypertension at baseline. Cereal intake was assessed using 3-day 24 h dietary recalls with a weighing technique. Hypertension incidence was identified in adherence with the Seventh Joint National Commission guidelines during the follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to extrapolate hazard ratios associated with hypertension risk. RESULTS Over an average follow-up span of 7 years (77,560 person-years), we identified 3643 new hypertension cases. The intake of total, fried, and baked cereals was associated with 15%, 20%, and 20% higher risk of hypertension, respectively. Whole grain consumers had an 8% lower risk of hypertension compared with non-consumers, while total refined grain consumers showed no significant association. Replacing one daily serving of fried or baked cereals with an equivalent serving of boiled cereals was related to a 28% or 14% lower risk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Total, fried, and baked cereal consumption was positively associated with hypertension risk, while consuming whole grains was related to a lower risk. Modifying cooking methods from frying or baking to boiling for cereals may be beneficial to lower risk. The current study underscores the significance of considering both the degree of processing and cooking methods applied to cereals in addressing hypertension prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Ao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianxin Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Anli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Kumar A, Pramanik J, Jangra A, Prajapati B, Kumar S, Mehra R. Nourishment beyond grains: unveiling the multifaceted contributions of millets to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 0:znc-2024-0096. [PMID: 39118421 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2024-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
United Nations General Assembly declared that 2023 will be celebrated as the International Year of Millets. Millets are a group of coarse grains from the Poaceae family that offer numerous benefits that align with various United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). This review explores diverse contributions of millet cultivation, consumption, and value addition with UN SDGs. The millets help in combating hunger by providing economical sources of essential nutrients and diversifying diets, improving health through mitigating malnutrition and diet-related diseases. Millet's lower water demand and resilience to climatic stress help in sustainable water management. Millets reduce the risks associated with monoculture farming and promote sustainable agricultural practices. Similarly, millet plants need few chemical fertilizers, and the ecological damage associated with these plants is minimized. Millets can prevent soil degradation and conserve biodiversity. They can adapt to diverse cropping systems and support sustainable land practices. Millet cultivation reduces inequalities by empowering smallholder farmers and maintaining economic balance. The cultivation and trading of millets promote partnerships among governments, NGOs, and businesses for sustainable development. The ability of millet to contribute to poverty reduction, hunger alleviation, health improvement, environmental sustainability, and economic development makes millet a sustainable choice for a better world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kumar
- MM Institute of Hotel Management, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, India
- Department of Food Technology, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat 131029, India
| | - Jhilam Pramanik
- Department of Agriculture, William Carey University, Shillong 793019, India
| | - Aarzoo Jangra
- MM Institute of Hotel Management, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, India
| | - Bhupendra Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana 384012, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- MM Institute of Hotel Management, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, India
| | - Rahul Mehra
- Symbiosis School of Culinary Arts and Nutritional Sciences, Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, 412115, India
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Xu ZH, Tang XL, Qiu CS, Li HM, Liao DQ, Du LY, Lai SM, Huang HX, Xiong ZY, Li XN, Zhao LN, Li ZH. Associations between whole grains intake and new-onset hypertension: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03434-7. [PMID: 38814365 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Epidemiological evidences regarding the association between whole grain intake and the risk of new-onset hypertension are still controversial. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between whole grain intake and new-onset hypertension and examine possible effect modifiers in the general population. METHODS A total of 10,973 participants without hypertension from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were enrolled, with follow-up beginning in 1997 and ending in 2015. Whole grain intake was assessed by 3 consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression model after adjusting for potential risk factors. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 3,733 participants developed new-onset hypertension. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were as follows: for quartile 2 (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.47-0.57), quartile 3 (HR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.42-0.51), and quartile 4 (HR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.31-0.38), compared with quartile 1. Different types of whole grain types, including wheat (adjusted HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.32-0.39), maize (adjusted HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.42-0.59), and millet (adjusted HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.30-0.48), showed significant associations with a reduced risk of hypertension. The association between whole grain intake and new-onset hypertension was stronger in individuals with older age (P for interaction < 0.001) and higher BMI (P for interaction < 0.001). CONCLUSION Higher consumption of whole grains was significantly associated with a lower risk of new-onset hypertension. This study provides further evidence supporting the importance of increasing whole grain intake for hypertension prevention among Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xu-Lian Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Cheng-Shen Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Hong-Min Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Dan-Qing Liao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Li-Ying Du
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shu-Min Lai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Li
- Department of Disinfection and Vector Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510440, China.
| | - Li-Na Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511442, China.
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Nan L, Li Y, Ma C, Meng X, Han Y, Li H, Huang M, Qin Y, Ren X. Identification and Expression Analysis of the WOX Transcription Factor Family in Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica L.). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:476. [PMID: 38674410 PMCID: PMC11050393 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors are unique to plants and play pivotal roles in plant development and stress responses. In this investigation, we acquired protein sequences of foxtail millet WOX gene family members through homologous sequence alignment and a hidden Markov model (HMM) search. Utilizing conserved domain prediction, we identified 13 foxtail millet WOX genes, which were classified into ancient, intermediate, and modern clades. Multiple sequence alignment results revealed that all WOX proteins possess a homeodomain (HD). The SiWOX genes, clustered together in the phylogenetic tree, exhibited analogous protein spatial structures, gene structures, and conserved motifs. The foxtail millet WOX genes are distributed across 7 chromosomes, featuring 3 pairs of tandem repeats: SiWOX1 and SiWOX13, SiWOX4 and SiWOX5, and SiWOX11 and SiWOX12. Collinearity analysis demonstrated that WOX genes in foxtail millet exhibit the highest collinearity with green foxtail, followed by maize. The SiWOX genes primarily harbor two categories of cis-acting regulatory elements: Stress response and plant hormone response. Notably, prominent hormones triggering responses include methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, gibberellin, auxin, and salicylic acid. Analysis of SiWOX expression patterns and hormone responses unveiled potential functional diversity among different SiWOX genes in foxtail millet. These findings lay a solid foundation for further elucidating the functions and evolution of SiWOX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhang Nan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (L.N.); (Y.L.); (C.M.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Yajun Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (L.N.); (Y.L.); (C.M.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Cui Ma
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (L.N.); (Y.L.); (C.M.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Xiaowei Meng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (L.N.); (Y.L.); (C.M.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (L.N.); (Y.L.); (C.M.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Hongying Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (L.N.); (Y.L.); (C.M.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Mingjing Huang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China; (L.N.); (Y.L.); (C.M.); (X.M.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Yingying Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Xuemei Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China
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Yuxuan A, Xiaoqin L, Songtao L, Jinmiao T, Xiaxia F, Kaili C, Lichao Z, Zhuoyu L. Polyphenols from whole millet grain (Setaria italica) alleviate glucose and lipid homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice by increasing endogenous GLP-1. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7785-7797. [PMID: 37548615 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is a whole millet grain that has been considered for improving the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism. The purpose of the work is to explore the extraction and enrichment of polyphenols from foxtail millets which can regulate the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism by increasing endogenous GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1). RESULTS The optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of foxtail millet polyphenols (FMPs) was as follows: 70 °C and 400 W and 70% ethanol concentration, further purification using macroporous resin. In vitro, the FMP eluent of 60% ethanol (FMP-60) has the best effect in promoting GLP-1 secretion from L cells among the different active components of FMP. Millet polyphenols (MPs) were obtained from finishing foxtail millet with the bran removed by the same extraction and purification method. Compared with MP-60, FMP-60 mainly included eight active phenolic constituents and contained more ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, and coniferaldehyde. After gavage treatment of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice with FMP-60, FMP-60 promoted endogenous GLP-1 secretion in mice and ameliorated disorders of glucolipid metabolism in DIO mice. CONCLUSION FMP-60 could improve glucose homeostasis and ameliorates metabolic disease by promoting the endogenous GLP-1 level and preventing weight gain in DIO mice. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yuxuan
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular, Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - La Xiaoqin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Songtao
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular, Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tian Jinmiao
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular, Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fan Xiaxia
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular, Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cui Kaili
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular, Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhang Lichao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Zhuoyu
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular, Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Health-Promoting Potential of Millet: A Review. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Being a key source of animal food, millet production has been sharply increasing over the last few years in order to cope with the dietary requirements of the ever-increasing world population. It is a splendid source of essential nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, fat, minerals, vitamins, and also some other bioactive compounds that eventually help through multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-cholesterol, anti-hypertensive, anthropometric effects and regulation of gut microbiota composition. These bioactive compounds, nutrients, and functions of cereal grains can be affected by processing techniques such as decortication, soaking, malting, milling, fermentation, etc. This study discusses the nutritional and functional properties of millet-incorporated foods and their impact on health, based on around 150 articles between 2015 and 2022 from the Web of Science, Google Scholar, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Breeding Bid Survey (BBS), and FoodData Central (USDA) databases. Analyzing literature reviews, it is evident that the incorporation of millet and its constituents into foodstuffs could be useful against undernourishment and several other health diseases. Additionally, this review provides crucial information about the beneficial features of millet, which can serve as a benchmark of guidelines for industry, consumers, researchers, and nutritionists.
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Kabré JDW, Dah-Nouvlessounon D, Hama-Ba F, Agonkoun A, Guinin F, Sina H, Kohonou AN, Tchogou P, Senou M, Savadogo A, Baba-Moussa L. Mung Bean ( Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) from Burkina Faso Used as Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agent. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3556. [PMID: 36559668 PMCID: PMC9786024 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases are becoming more and more recurrent and require the addition of functional foods in our eating habits. Legumes due to their composition in biomolecules could meet this need. Much used in Chinese medicine, the mung bean arouses interest in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study is to perform phytochemical profiling and to evaluate certain biological properties of the mung bean in its natural or germinated state. Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out by precipitation and differential staining tests. The antimicrobial activity was tested on in vitro growth by the agar medium diffusion method. DPPH and FRAP methods were used to assess antioxidant activity. The antidiabetic activity of hydroethanolic extracts was evaluated on rats rendered diabetic by streptozotocin, with metformin as a reference molecule. Phytochemistry has revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and derivatives in the mung bean, whether in its natural state (MBN) or in its germinated state (MBG). Only the MBG exhibits antimicrobial activity on 70% of the strains used. It appears that the MBG has a reducing power of the DPPH radical with an IC50 of 28 mg/mL compared to the same extract of the MBN, which had an IC50 of 32.5 mg/mL with a difference (p < 0.05) between the extracts. MBN extracts at a dose of 300 milligrams per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg.bw) showed a reduction (p < 0.0001) in glycaemia and kept the body weight of the animals constant throughout the treatment. In addition, the MBN regulated the level of total cholesterol, tryglicerides of LDL, ASAT, ALAT, urea and creatine. These results show that the mung bean grown in Burkina Faso is a health food, which, integrated into dietary habits, could contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne d’Arc Wendmintiri Kabré
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (J.d.W.K.); (A.S.)
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 05 BP 1604, Benin; (D.D.-N.); (A.A.); (H.S.); (A.N.K.)
- Food Technology Department/Institute of Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies (IRSAT)/National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso;
| | - Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 05 BP 1604, Benin; (D.D.-N.); (A.A.); (H.S.); (A.N.K.)
| | - Fatoumata Hama-Ba
- Food Technology Department/Institute of Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies (IRSAT)/National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso;
| | - Abiola Agonkoun
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 05 BP 1604, Benin; (D.D.-N.); (A.A.); (H.S.); (A.N.K.)
| | - Felix Guinin
- Laboratory of Physiopathology/Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 4521, Benin;
| | - Haziz Sina
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 05 BP 1604, Benin; (D.D.-N.); (A.A.); (H.S.); (A.N.K.)
| | - Arnaud N. Kohonou
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 05 BP 1604, Benin; (D.D.-N.); (A.A.); (H.S.); (A.N.K.)
| | - Pascal Tchogou
- Experimental and Clinical Biology Laboratory, National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies, National University of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), Dassa-Zoumé 01BP 1471, Benin; (P.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Maximien Senou
- Experimental and Clinical Biology Laboratory, National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies, National University of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), Dassa-Zoumé 01BP 1471, Benin; (P.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Aly Savadogo
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (J.d.W.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 05 BP 1604, Benin; (D.D.-N.); (A.A.); (H.S.); (A.N.K.)
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10
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Protective Effect of Foxtail Millet Protein Hydrolysate on Ethanol and Pyloric Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122459. [PMID: 36552666 PMCID: PMC9774519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet has been traditionally considered to possess gastroprotective effects, but studies evaluating its use as a treatment for gastric ulcers are lacking. Here, we assessed the antiulcer effects of foxtail millet protein hydrolysate (FPH) and explored its mechanism by using blocking agents. In a mouse model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers, pretreatment with FPH reduced the ulcerative lesion index, downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the gastric tissue, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and improved the oxidative status. FPH increased constitutive the activity of nitric oxide synthase (cNOS), NO levels, and mucin expression in gastric mucosa, and inhibited the activation of the ET-1/PI3K/Akt pathway. In a mouse model of pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcers, FPH inhibited gastric acid secretion and decreased the activity of gastric protease. Pretreatment of mice with the sulfhydryl blocker NEM and the NO synthesis inhibitor L-NAME abolished the gastroprotective effect of FPH, but not the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide and the PGE2 synthesis blocker indomethacin. Among the peptides identified in FPH, 10 peptides were predicted to have regulatory effects on the gastric mucosa, and the key sequences were GP and PG. The results confirmed the gastroprotective effect of FPH and revealed that its mechanism was through the regulation of gastric mucosal mucus and NO synthesis. This study supports the health effects of a millet-enriched diet and provides a basis for millet protein as a functional food to improve gastric ulcers and its related oxidative stress.
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11
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García-Castro A, Román-Gutiérrez AD, Castañeda-Ovando A, Cariño-Cortés R, Acevedo-Sandoval OA, López-Perea P, Guzmán-Ortiz FA. Cereals as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Anti-Hypertensive Activity and Their Intake in Times of COVID-19. Foods 2022; 11:3231. [PMID: 37430980 PMCID: PMC9601750 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals have phytochemical compounds that can diminish the incidence of chronic diseases such as hypertension. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) participates in the modulation of blood pressure and is the principal receptor of the virus SARS-CoV-2. The inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the block receptors of angiotensin II regulate the expression of ACE2; thus, they could be useful in the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The inferior peptides from 1 to 3 kDa and the hydrophobic amino acids are the best candidates to inhibit ACE, and these compounds are present in rice, corn, wheat, oats, sorghum, and barley. In addition, the vitamins C and E, phenolic acids, and flavonoids present in cereals show a reduction in the oxidative stress involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The influence of ACE on hypertension and COVID-19 has turned into a primary point of control and treatment from the nutritional perspective. The objective of this work was to describe the inhibitory effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme that the bioactive compounds present in cereals possess in order to lower blood pressure and how their consumption could be associated with reducing the virulence of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail García-Castro
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca–Tulancingo, Km 4.5 s/n, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico
| | - Alma Delia Román-Gutiérrez
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca–Tulancingo, Km 4.5 s/n, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico
| | - Araceli Castañeda-Ovando
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca–Tulancingo, Km 4.5 s/n, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico
| | - Raquel Cariño-Cortés
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Elíseo Ramírez Ulloa, 400, Doctores, Pachuca de Soto 42090, Mexico
| | - Otilio Arturo Acevedo-Sandoval
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca–Tulancingo, Km 4.5 s/n, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico
| | - Patricia López-Perea
- Área de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Politécnica Francisco I. Madero, Francisco I. Madero, Hidalgo 42660, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Araceli Guzmán-Ortiz
- CONACYT, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5 s/n, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico
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12
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Samtiya M, Aluko RE, Dhaka N, Dhewa T, Puniya AK. Nutritional and health-promoting attributes of millet: current and future perspectives. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:684-704. [PMID: 36219789 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Millet is consumed as a staple food, particularly in developing countries, is part of the traditional diet in a number of relatively affluent countries, and is gaining popularity throughout the world. It is a valuable dietary energy source. In addition to high caloric value, several health-promoting attributes have been reported for millet seeds. This review describes many nutritional characteristics of millet seeds and their derivatives that are important to human health: antioxidant, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory, antibacterial or antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, and anti-carcinogenic potential, and their role as modulators of gut health. There are several varieties, but the main focus of this review is on pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus [synonym Pennisetum glaucum]), one of the most widely eaten millet crops grown in India, though other millet types are also covered. In this article, the health-promoting properties of the natural components (ie, proteins, peptides, polyphenols, polysaccharides, oil, isoflavones, etc.) present in millet seeds are discussed. Although many of these health benefits have been demonstrated using animal models in vitro studies, human intervention-feeding trials are required to confirm several of the potential health benefits of millet seeds. Based on the nutritional and health-promoting attributes known for pearl millet (discussed in this review), finger millet and foxtail millet are suggested as good candidates for use in future nutritional interventions for improved human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Namrata Dhaka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- is with the Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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13
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Steryl ferulates composition in twenty-two millet samples: Do “microwave popping” and fermentation affect their content? Food Chem 2022; 391:133222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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The Role of Amaranth, Quinoa, and Millets for the Development of Healthy, Sustainable Food Products-A Concise Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162442. [PMID: 36010444 PMCID: PMC9407507 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of sustainable crops adaptable to the rapidly changing environment, which also cater to the dietary needs of the growing population, is a primary challenge in meeting food security. Grains from ancient crops such as amaranth, quinoa, and millets are positioned to address this challenge and hence have gained dietary predominance among cereals and pseudocereals due to their nutritional value and energy efficiency. From a nutritional perspective, they are recognized for their complete protein, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, prebiotic fibers, and essential micronutrients, including minerals and vitamins. Bioactive peptides from their proteins have shown antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The nutritional diversity of these grains makes them a preferred choice over traditional cereals for developing healthy, sustainable food products such as plant-based dairy, vegan meats, and gluten-free products. With growing consumer awareness about sustainability and health, the categories mentioned above are transitioning from ‘emerging’ to ‘mainstream’; however, there is still a significant need to include such healthy grains to fulfill the nutritional gap. This review article emphasizes the health benefits of amaranth, quinoa, and millet grains and discusses the recent research progress in understanding their application in new sustainable food categories. The challenges associated with their incorporation into novel foods and future research directions are also provided.
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He L, Cheng L, Wang J, Liu J, Cheng J, Yang Z, Cao R, Han Y, Li H, Zhang B. Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 1 Catalyzes Lutein Degradation To Influence Carotenoid Accumulation and Color Development in Foxtail Millet Grains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9283-9294. [PMID: 35876162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet is a minor but economically important crop in certain regions of the world. Millet color is often used to judge grain quality, yet the molecular determinants of millet coloration remain unclear. Here, we explored the relationship between SiCCD1 and millet coloration in yellow and white millet varieties. Carotenoid levels declined with grain maturation and were negatively correlated with SiCCD1 expression, which was significantly higher in white millet as compared to yellow millet during the color development stage. Cloning of the SiCCD1 promoter and CDS sequences from these different millet varieties revealed the presence of two additional cis-regulatory elements within the SiCCD1 promoter in white millet varieties, including an enhancer-like GC motif element associated with anoxic specific inducibility and a GCN4-motif element associated with endosperm expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that SiCCD1 promoter fragments containing these additional cis-acting elements derived from white millet varieties were significantly more active than those from yellow millet varieties, consistent with the observed SiCCD1 expression patterns. Further in vitro enzyme detection assays confirmed that SiCCD1 primarily targets and degrades lutein. Together, these data suggest that SiCCD1 promoter variation was a key factor associated with the observed differences in SiCCD1 expression, which in turn led to the difference in millet coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Maize Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Xinzhou 034000, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jinjin Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Department of Foundation, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Shanxi Biological Research Institute Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Hongying Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Institute of Agricultural Bioengineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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16
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Moss R, McSweeney MB. Effect of quinoa, chia and millet addition on consumer acceptability of gluten‐free bread. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Moss
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics Acadia University 15 University Ave Wolfville NS B4P 2R6 Canada
| | - Matthew B. McSweeney
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics Acadia University 15 University Ave Wolfville NS B4P 2R6 Canada
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17
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Gluten-Free Cereal Products and Beverages: A Review of Their Health Benefits in the Last Five Years. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112523. [PMID: 34828804 PMCID: PMC8618534 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, food products and beverages made from gluten-free cereals were initially created for certain groups of people who experience gluten-related disorders such as wheat allergies, gluten ataxia, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and the most well-known, celiac disease. Nowadays, the consumption of gluten-free products is not only restricted to targeted groups, but it has become a food trend for normal consumers, especially in countries such as the UK, the US, and some European countries, who believe that consuming a gluten-free product is a healthier choice compared to normal gluten-containing products. However, some research studies have disapproved of this claim because the currently available gluten-free products in the market are generally known to be lower in proteins, vitamins, and minerals and to contain higher lipids, sugar, and salt compared to their gluten-containing counterparts. The use of other gluten-free cereals such as sorghum, millet, and teff as well as pseudo cereals such as buckwheat and quinoa has gained significant interest in research in terms of their various potential health benefits. Hence, this review highlights the potential health benefits of some gluten-free cereals and pseudo cereals apart from corn and rice in the last decade. The potential health benefits of gluten-free products such as bread, pasta, crackers, and cookies and the health benefits of some other non-alcoholic beverages made from gluten-free cereals and pseudo cereals are reported.
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Anitha S, Botha R, Kane-Potaka J, Givens DI, Rajendran A, Tsusaka TW, Bhandari RK. Can Millet Consumption Help Manage Hyperlipidemia and Obesity?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2021; 8:700778. [PMID: 34485362 PMCID: PMC8416111 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.700778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Many health benefits of millets (defined broadly to also include sorghum) have been advocated, including their roles in managing and preventing diabetes; however, the effects of millets on hyperlipidemia (high lipid levels) have been underrecognized. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to collate available evidence of the impacts of millets consumption on lipid profile, namely total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low–density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). The results from 19 studies showed that the consumption of millets for periods as short as 21 days to 4 months reduced levels of TC, triacylglycerol, LDL-C, and VLDL-C (p<0.01) by 8.0, 9.5, 10 and 9.0%, respectively. Four studies demonstrated that millets consumption brought TC and triacylglycerol levels to the normal levels (<200 and <150 mg/dl, respectively). Furthermore, upon consumption of millet-based meals, there was a 6.0% increase in the HDL-C 4.0 and 5.0% reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and 7.0% reduction in body mass index (BMI). This evidence, leads us to conclude that consumption of millets reduces hyperlipidemia and hence hypertension, and raises the levels of HDL-C (good cholesterol), which can be beneficial for managing the associated risk of developing hypertension and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in future. Systematic Review Registration: The protocol of this systematic review has been registered in the online registration platform called “research registry” with the unique identification number “reviewregistry1123.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetha Anitha
- Smart Food Initiative, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Rosemary Botha
- Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Joanna Kane-Potaka
- Smart Food Initiative, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - D Ian Givens
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ananthan Rajendran
- Food Chemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - Takuji W Tsusaka
- Organization for Advanced and Integrated Research, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Raj Kumar Bhandari
- National Technical Board of Nutrition, Government of India (GoI), New Delhi, India
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19
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Anitha S, Kane-Potaka J, Tsusaka TW, Botha R, Rajendran A, Givens DI, Parasannanavar DJ, Subramaniam K, Prasad KDV, Vetriventhan M, Bhandari RK. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Potential of Millets for Managing and Reducing the Risk of Developing Diabetes Mellitus. Front Nutr 2021; 8:687428. [PMID: 34395493 PMCID: PMC8355360 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.687428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Millets (including sorghum) are known to be highly nutritious besides having a low carbon footprint and the ability to survive in high temperatures with minimal water. Millets are widely recognised as having a low Glycaemic Index (GI) helping to manage diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analyzes across the different types of millets and different forms of processing/cooking collated all evidences. Of the 65 studies that were collected globally, 39 studies with 111 observations were used to analyze GI outcomes and 56 studies were used to analyze fasting, post-prandial glucose level, insulin index and HbA1c outcomes in a meta-analysis. It is evident from the descriptive statistics that the mean GI of millets is 52.7 ± 10.3, which is about 36% lower than in typical staples of milled rice (71.7 ± 14.4) and refined wheat (74.2 ± 14.9). The descriptive, meta and regression analyses revealed that Job's tears, fonio, foxtail, barnyard, and teff were the millets with low mean GI (<55) that are more effective (35-79%) in reducing dietary GI than the control samples. Millets with intermediate GI (55-69) are pearl millet, finger millet, kodo millet, little millet, and sorghum which have a 13-35% lower GI than the control with high GI (>69). A meta-analysis also showed that all millets had significantly (p < 0.01) lower GI than white rice, refined wheat, standard glucose or white wheat bread except little millet which had inconsistent data. Long term millet consumption lowered fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels significantly (p < 0.01) by 12 and 15%, respectively, in diabetic subjects. There was a significant reduction in HbA1c level (from 6.65 ± 0.4 to 5.67 ± 0.4%) among pre-diabetic individuals (p < 0.01) who consumed millets for a long period. Minimally processed millets were 30% more effective in lowering GI of a meal compared to milled rice and refined wheat. In conclusion, millets can be beneficial in managing and reducing the risk of developing diabetes and could therefore be used to design appropriate meals for diabetic and pre-diabetic subjects as well as for non-diabetic people for a preventive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetha Anitha
- Smart Food Initiative, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Joanna Kane-Potaka
- Smart Food Initiative, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Takuji W. Tsusaka
- Organization for Advanced and Integrated Research, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rosemary Botha
- Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - D. Ian Givens
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kowsalya Subramaniam
- Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kanaka Durga Veera Prasad
- Smart Food Initiative, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Mani Vetriventhan
- Smart Food Initiative, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Raj Kumar Bhandari
- National Technical Board of Nutrition, Government of India (GoI), New Delhi, India
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20
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Kaimal AM, Mujumdar AS, Thorat BN. Resistant starch from millets: Recent developments and applications in food industries. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Comparative evaluation on phenolic profiles, antioxidant properties and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of different milling fractions of foxtail millet. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Hou D, Zhao Q, Yousaf L, Chen B, Xue Y, Shen Q. A comparison between whole mung bean and decorticated mung bean: beneficial effects on the regulation of serum glucose and lipid disorders and the gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced prediabetic mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:5525-5537. [PMID: 32515775 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00379d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the beneficial effects of whole mung bean (WMB) and decorticated mung bean (DMB) on the regulation of serum glucose and lipid disorders in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced prediabetic mice, and to further explore their gut microbiota modulatory effects. In the present study, the ability of mung bean-based diets to combat prediabetes-related metabolic disorders was determined by assessing the changes in the physiological, biochemical, and histological parameters, and the gut microbiota composition of prediabetic mice. The supplementation of both WMB and DMB can effectively alleviate HFD and STZ-induced impaired glucose tolerance (P < 0.05), which was accompanied by improvements in pancreatic β-cell damage and hepatic steatosis. However, only WMB supplementation significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose and fasting serum insulin levels by sensitizing insulin action (P < 0.05), and reduced the serum lipid profiles and glycosylated serum protein levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, high-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that WMB and DMB supplementation could prevent HFD and STZ-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, especially for the enrichment of some benign bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia, and the reduction of some harmful bacteria (Staphylococcus and Enterococcus). Overall, although decortication processing had an impact on the beneficial effects of mung bean, it did not cause the loss of all health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianzhi Hou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. and National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China and Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. and National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China and Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Laraib Yousaf
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. and National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China and Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Borui Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. and National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China and Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. and National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China and Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. and National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China and Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Yousaf L, Hou D, Liaqat H, Shen Q. Millet: A review of its nutritional and functional changes during processing. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110197. [PMID: 33773674 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Millets are a major source of human food, and their production has been steadily increasing in the last decades to meet the dietary requirements of the increasing world population. Millets are an excellent source of all essential nutrients like protein, carbohydrates, fat, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. However, the nutrients, bioactive compounds, and functions of cereal grains can be influenced by the food preparation techniques such as decortication/dehulling, soaking, germination/malting, milling, fermentation, etc. This study discusses the nutritional and functional changes in millet during different traditional/modern processing techniques, based on more than 100 articles between 2013 and 2020 from Web of Science, Google Scholar, FAO, and USDA databases. Our results concluded that processing techniques could be useful to combat undernourishment and other health issues. Moreover, this review provides detailed information about millet processing, which is advantageous for industry, consumers, and researchers in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laraib Yousaf
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dianzhi Hou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Humna Liaqat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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24
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Liu X, Lai H, Mi B, Qi X, Gan W, Du H. Associations of Coarse Grain Intake with Undiagnosed Hypertension among Chinese Adults: Results from the China Kadoorie Biobank. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123814. [PMID: 33322167 PMCID: PMC7764616 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole grain intake was associated with better blood pressure control, but evidence is lacking in non-Western populations with different grain intake patterns. We aimed to determine the associations between coarse grain intake, usually considered as the best proxy of whole grain intake for Chinese diets, with blood pressure and undiagnosed hypertension using baseline data from the China Kadoorie Biobank study. After excluding participants with clinically diagnosed hypertension or use of antihypertensive dugs, 435,907 participants were included in our analysis. A self-reported questionnaire was used to measure coarse grain intake frequency. Overall, 12.8% and 29.2% of the participants reported daily consumption and never consumption, respectively. With multivariable adjustments including BMI, outdoor temperature, and physical activity, higher frequency of coarse grain intake was associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in those older than 40 years, p trend < 0.05. Compared to never consumers, the odds ratio (95% CI) of hypertension was 0.78 (0.73–0.84), 0.84 (0.77–0.91), 0.91 (0.88–0.94), and 0.97 (0.95–0.99) for daily, 4–6 days/week, 1–3 days/week, and monthly groups, P trend < 0.001. Our cross-sectional study in a nationwide sample of Chinese adults suggests that higher coarse grain intake was associated with lower blood pressure and lower hypertension risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (H.L.); (B.M.); (X.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-82655108
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (H.L.); (B.M.); (X.Q.)
| | - Baibing Mi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (H.L.); (B.M.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (H.L.); (B.M.); (X.Q.)
| | - Wei Gan
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (W.G.); (H.D.)
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (W.G.); (H.D.)
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
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Hu S, Yuan J, Gao J, Wu Y, Meng X, Tong P, Chen H. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Peptides Derived from In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Germinated and Heat-Treated Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica) Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9415-9426. [PMID: 32786864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at identifying antioxidant and anti-inflammatory peptides derived from the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of germinated and heated (microwave and boiling) foxtail millet. The protein digest fraction containing low-molecular-weight peptides (<3 kDa) and the most hydrophobic subfraction (F4) abundant in random coil structure were responsible for the bioactivity. Then, seven novel peptides were identified using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) from the most potent F4 subfraction derived from boiled germinated millet. All seven synthesized peptides significantly (p < 0.05) reduced reactive oxygen species production and increased glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity in Caco-2 cells, whereas two peptides (EDDQMDPMAK and QNWDFCEAWEPCF) were superior in inhibiting nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α (reduced to 42.29 and 44.07%, respectively), and interleukin-6 (reduced to 56.59 and 43.45%, respectively) production in a RAW 264.7 cell model. This study is the first to report about the potential role of germinated and heated foxtail millet as a source of dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juanli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuanyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
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26
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Anis MA, Sreerama YN. Inhibition of protein glycoxidation and advanced glycation end-product formation by barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) phenolics. Food Chem 2020; 315:126265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Consumption of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) attenuates obesity, ameliorates lipid metabolic disorders and modifies the gut microbiota composition in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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28
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Hou D, Duan W, Xue Y, Yousaf L, Hu J, Shen Q. Effects of superfine grinding and extrusion on dough mixing properties and noodle quality of black soybean flour. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hou D, Yousaf L, Xue Y, Hu J, Wu J, Hu X, Feng N, Shen Q. Mung Bean ( Vigna radiata L.): Bioactive Polyphenols, Polysaccharides, Peptides, and Health Benefits. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1238. [PMID: 31159173 PMCID: PMC6627095 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important pulse consumed all over the world, especially in Asian countries, and has a long history of usage as traditional medicine. It has been known to be an excellent source of protein, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, and significant amounts of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, and peptides, therefore, becoming a popular functional food in promoting good health. The mung bean has been documented to ameliorate hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and hypertension, and prevent cancer and melanogenesis, as well as possess hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory activities. These health benefits derive primarily from the concentration and properties of those active compounds present in the mung bean. Vitexin and isovitexin are identified as the major polyphenols, and peptides containing hydrophobic amino acid residues with small molecular weight show higher bioactivity in the mung bean. Considering the recent surge in interest in the use of grain legumes, we hope this review will provide a blueprint to better utilize the mung bean in food products to improve human nutrition and further encourage advancement in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianzhi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Laraib Yousaf
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jinrong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Naihong Feng
- Institute of Economic Crops, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fenyang 032200, China.
| | - Qun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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30
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Xiang J, Zhang M, Apea-Bah FB, Beta T. Hydroxycinnamic acid amide (HCAA) derivatives, flavonoid C-glycosides, phenolic acids and antioxidant properties of foxtail millet. Food Chem 2019; 295:214-223. [PMID: 31174752 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The profiles of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of dehulled foxtail millets were studied. Twenty-one phenolics were detected in the free fraction, including a series of nine hydroxycinnamic acid spermidines reported for the first time and three flavonoid C-glycosides of kaempferol and apigenin. Twenty-three phenolic acid derivatives were detected in the bound fraction with ferulic acid being the predominant phenolic acid, as well as four ferulic acid dimers (DFAs) reported for the first time in foxtail millet. Total phenolic contents (TPC) of free and bound fractions varied from 161.86 to 224.47 mg ferulic acid equivalent (FAE)/kg DW, 170.69 to 294.75 mg FAE/kg DW, respectively. Antioxidant activities, based on the DPPH, ABTS+ and ORAC assays, were determined for all extracts related to TPC. Dehulled foxtail millet contains a diverse profile of phenolic compounds potentially suitable for development of functional foods with unique antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinle Xiang
- Henan University of Science & Technology, College of Food & Bioengineering, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China; University of Manitoba, Department of Food & Human Nutritional Sciences, 250 Ellis Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Meng Zhang
- Henan University of Science & Technology, College of Food & Bioengineering, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Franklin B Apea-Bah
- University of Manitoba, Department of Food & Human Nutritional Sciences, 250 Ellis Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Smartpark, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Trust Beta
- University of Manitoba, Department of Food & Human Nutritional Sciences, 250 Ellis Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Smartpark, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
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31
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Probability Analysis of Hypertension-Related Symptoms Based on XGBoost and Clustering Algorithm. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9061215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, cluster analysis and the XGBoost method are used to analyze the related symptoms of various types of young hypertensive patients, and finally guide patients to target treatment. Hypertension is a chronic disease that is common worldwide. The incidence of it is increasing, and the age level of patients is decreasing year by year. Effective treatment of youth hypertension has become a problem in the world. In this paper, young hypertension patients are classified into two groups by cluster analysis; the proportion of different hypertension related symptoms in each group of patients is then counted; and after verifying the prediction accuracy of the XGBoost model with 10-fold cross-validation, the accuracy of clustering is calculated by the XGBoost method. The final result shows that there are significant differences in symptomatic entropy between patients with type II hypertension and those with type I hypertension. Patients with type II hypertension are more likely to have symptoms of ventricular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria. Through this analysis, patients can have preventive treatment according to their own situation, and this can reduce the burden of medical expenses and prevent major diseases. Applying the data analysis into the medical field has great practical significance.
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