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Sotorilli GE, Gravina HD, de Carvalho AC, Shimizu JF, Fontoura MA, Melo-Hanchuk TD, Cordeiro AT, Marques RE. Phenotypical Screening of an MMV Open Box Library and Identification of Compounds with Antiviral Activity against St. Louis Encephalitis Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:2416. [PMID: 38140657 PMCID: PMC10747599 DOI: 10.3390/v15122416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a neglected mosquito-borne Flavivirus that may cause severe neurological disease in humans and other animals. There are no specific treatments against SLEV infection or disease approved for human use, and drug repurposing may represent an opportunity to accelerate the development of treatments against SLEV. Here we present a scalable, medium-throughput phenotypic cell culture-based screening assay on Vero CCL81 cells to identify bioactive compounds that could be repurposed against SLEV infection. We screened eighty compounds from the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) COVID Box library to identify nine (11%) compounds that protected cell cultures from SLEV-induced cytopathic effects, with low- to mid-micromolar potencies. We validated six hit compounds using viral plaque-forming assays to find that the compounds ABT-239, Amiodarone, Fluphenazine, Posaconazole, Triparanol, and Vidofludimus presented varied levels of antiviral activity and selectivity depending on the mammalian cell type used for testing. Importantly, we identified and validated the antiviral activity of the anti-flavivirus nucleoside analog 7DMA against SLEV. Triparanol and Fluphenazine reduced infectious viral loads in both Vero CCL81 and HBEC-5i cell cultures and, similar to the other validated compounds, are likely to exert antiviral activity through a molecular target in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Eboli Sotorilli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Humberto Doriguetto Gravina
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Ana Carolina de Carvalho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Farinha Shimizu
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Marina Alves Fontoura
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Talita Diniz Melo-Hanchuk
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Artur Torres Cordeiro
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (G.E.S.); (H.D.G.); (A.C.d.C.); (J.F.S.); (M.A.F.); (T.D.M.-H.); (A.T.C.)
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Estofolete CF, Versiani AF, Dourado FS, Milhim BHGA, Pacca CC, Silva GCD, Zini N, dos Santos BF, Gandolfi FA, Mistrão NFB, Garcia PHC, Rocha RS, Gehrke L, Bosch I, Marques RE, Teixeira MM, da Fonseca FG, Vasilakis N, Nogueira ML. Influence of previous Zika virus infection on acute dengue episode. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011710. [PMID: 37943879 PMCID: PMC10662752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-circulation of flaviviruses in tropical regions has led to the hypothesis that immunity generated by a previous dengue infection could promote severe disease outcomes in subsequent infections by heterologous serotypes. This study investigated the influence of antibodies generated by previous Zika infection on the clinical outcomes of dengue infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We enrolled 1,043 laboratory confirmed dengue patients and investigated their prior infection to Zika or dengue. Severe forms of dengue disease were more frequent in patients with previous Zika infection, but not in those previously exposed to dengue. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that previous Zika infection may represent a risk factor for subsequent severe dengue disease, but we did not find evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement (higher viral titer or pro-inflammatory cytokine overexpression) contributing to exacerbation of the subsequent dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia F. Estofolete
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice F. Versiani
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fernanda S. Dourado
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno H. G. A. Milhim
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina C. Pacca
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislaine C. D. Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Zini
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara F. dos Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flora A. Gandolfi
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia F. B. Mistrão
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. C. Garcia
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lee Gehrke
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Irene Bosch
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rafael E. Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM); Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flavio G. da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnoogia em Vacinas da UFMG, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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Serosurvey in Two Dengue Hyperendemic Areas of Costa Rica Evidence Active Circulation of WNV and SLEV in Peri-Domestic and Domestic Animals and in Humans. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010007. [PMID: 36678356 PMCID: PMC9863573 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Costa Rica harbors several flaviviruses, including Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). While DENV and ZIKV are hyperendemic, previous research indicates restricted circulation of SLEV and WNV in animals. SLEV and WNV seroprevalence and high transmission areas have not yet been measured. To determine the extents of putative WNV and SLEV circulation, we sampled peri-domestic and domestic animals, humans, and mosquitoes in rural households located in two DENV and ZIKV hyperendemic regions during the rainy and dry seasons of 2017-2018 and conducted plaque reduction neutralization test assay for serology (PRNT) and RT-PCR for virus detection. In Cuajiniquil, serological evidence of WNV and SLEV was found in equines, humans, chickens, and wild birds. Additionally, five seroconversion events were recorded for WNV (2 equines), SLEV (1 human), and DENV-1 (2 humans). In Talamanca, WNV was not found, but serological evidence of SLEV circulation was recorded in equines, humans, and wild birds. Even though no active viral infection was detected, the seroconversion events recorded here indicate recent circulation of SLEV and WNV in these two regions. This study thus provides clear-cut evidence for WNV and SLEV presence in these areas, and therefore, they should be considered in arboviruses differential diagnostics and future infection prevention campaigns.
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Chalhoub FLL, Horta MAP, Alcantara LCJ, Morales A, dos Santos LMB, Guerra-Campos V, Rodrigues CDS, Santos CC, Mares-Guia MAM, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, de Filippis AMB. Serological Evidence of Exposure to Saint Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses in Horses of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112459. [PMID: 36366557 PMCID: PMC9695862 DOI: 10.3390/v14112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with arboviruses are reported worldwide. Saint Louis encephalitis (SLEV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses are closely related flaviviruses affecting humans and animals. SLEV has been sporadically detected in humans, and corresponding antibodies have been frequently detected in horses throughout Brazil. WNV was first reported in western Brazil over a decade ago, has been associated with neurological disorders in humans and equines and its prevalence is increasing nationwide. Herein, we investigated by molecular and serological methods the presence of SLEV and WNV in equines from Rio de Janeiro. A total of 435 serum samples were collected from healthy horses and tested for specific neutralizing antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90). Additionally, samples (serum, cerebrospinal fluid, central nervous system tissue) from 72 horses, including horses with neurological disorders resulting in a fatal outcome or horses which had contact with them, were tested by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for both viruses. Adopting the criterion of four-fold antibody titer difference, 165 horses (38%) presented neutralizing antibodies for flaviviruses, 89 (20.4%) for SLEV and five (1.1%) for WNV. No evidence of SLEV and WNV infection was detected by RT-qPCR and, thus, such infection could not be confirmed in the additional samples. Our findings indicate horses of Rio de Janeiro were exposed to SLEV and WNV, contributing to the current knowledge on the distribution of these viruses in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alejandra Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Pergamino 2700, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Carolina C. Santos
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e de Saúde Pública do Departamento de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
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5
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Milhim BHGA, da Rocha LC, Terzian ACB, Mazaro CCP, Augusto MT, Luchs A, Zini N, Sacchetto L, dos Santos BF, Garcia PHC, Rocha RS, Liso E, Brienze VMS, da Silva GCD, Vasilakis N, Estofolete CF, Nogueira ML. Arboviral Infections in Neurological Disorders in Hospitalized Patients in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:1488. [PMID: 35891468 PMCID: PMC9323204 DOI: 10.3390/v14071488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbovirus infections are increasingly important causes of disease, whose spectrum of neurological manifestations are not fully known. This study sought to retrospectively assess the incidence of arboviruses in cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with neurological symptoms to inform diagnosis of central and peripheral nervous system disorders. A total of 255 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from January 2016 to December 2017 were tested for dengue virus (DENV 1-4), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in addition to other neurotropic arboviruses of interest, using genetic and serologic assays. Of the 255 CSF samples analyzed, 3.53% (09/255) were positive for arboviruses presenting mainly as meningitis, encephalitis, and cerebrovascular events, of which ZIKV was detected in 2.74% (7/255), DENV in 0.78% (2/255), in addition to an identified ILHV infection that was described previously. All the cases were detected in adults aged 18 to 74 years old. Our findings highlight the scientific and clinical importance of neurological syndromes associated with arboviruses and demonstrate the relevance of specific laboratory methods to achieve accurate diagnoses as well as highlight the true dimension of these diseases to ultimately improve public health planning and medical case management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno H. G. A. Milhim
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Leonardo C. da Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Ana C. B. Terzian
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular (LICM), Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Centro, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Centro, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina C. P. Mazaro
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Marcos T. Augusto
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Department of Virology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Nathalia Zini
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Livia Sacchetto
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Barbara F. dos Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Pedro H. C. Garcia
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Rodrigo S. Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Elisabete Liso
- Hospital de Base, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544-Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (E.L.); (V.M.S.B.)
| | - Vânia M. S. Brienze
- Hospital de Base, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544-Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (E.L.); (V.M.S.B.)
| | - Gislaine C. D. da Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1150, USA
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Cássia F. Estofolete
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
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Detection of Zika virus in urine from randomly tested individuals in Mirassol, Brazil. Infection 2021; 50:149-156. [PMID: 34327616 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies show that around 80% of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections are asymptomatic. The present study tested urine samples from volunteers, unsuspected of arboviral infection, which attended an emergency care unit (ECU) in Mirassol, Brazil, from March 2018 to April 2019. METHODS The volunteers were divided into two groups. The first group was composed of outpatients who were not suspected to have an arbovirus infection. This first group was subdivided into two subgroups: outpatients with and without arbovirus-like symptoms. The second group consisted of companions of outpatients treated at the ECU. The second group was also subdivided into two subgroups: totally asymptomatic individuals and those who had arbovirus-like symptoms. RNA was extracted from urine samples, followed by RT-qPCR for ZIKV. RESULTS We found that 11% (79/697) of the samples tested positive for ZIKV-RNA. Among the ZIKV-RNA-positive individuals, 16.5% (13/79) were companions, of which 61.5% (8/13) were totally asymptomatic and 38.5% (5/13) reported symptoms that could be suggestive of arbovirus infection. In addition, 83.5% (66/79) of the ZIKV-RNA-positive individuals were outpatients without a clinical diagnosis of arbovirus. Of these undiagnosed ZIKV-RNA-positive outpatients, 47% (31/66) had no arbovirus-related symptoms. CONCLUSION Our study shows the effectiveness of urine as a non-invasive sample to detect the incidence of ZIKV infection. We also highlight the importance of ZIKV molecular diagnosis to aid public health surveillance and prevention of congenital Zika syndrome and other ZIKV-associated diseases.
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Morel AP, Webster A, Zitelli LC, Umeno K, Souza UA, Prusch F, Anicet M, Marsicano G, Bandarra P, Trainini G, Stocker J, Giani D, Fortes FB, Goenaga S, Reck J. Serosurvey of West Nile virus (WNV) in free-ranging raptors from Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 52:411-418. [PMID: 33108590 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus that can affect birds, horses, and humans, and is the only zoonotic Flavivirus that has been identified in six continents. In Brazil, until 2010, there was no evidence of WNV circulation. Recently, the virus was isolated from a horse with encephalitis, and the first human cases were registered in Brazil. Despite that, there is still no information on the enzootic cycle of this virus in birds or wildlife. This study aimed to investigate whether there is evidence of WNV circulation among wild birds from Southern Brazil. For this, we used free-living wild raptors (live-trapped or rescued) as potential sentinels to investigate the presence of WNV antibodies using ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) assay. In addition, the presence of nucleic acids from Flavivirus family members was investigated. None of the birds sampled presented clinical findings compatible with WNV. Of the 200 serum samples from birds of prey belonging to 21 species, ten (5%) were positive for the presence of WNV antibodies on ELISA testing. The PRNT test did not confirm the ELISA results, but indicated that three birds had possibly been exposed to Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). All samples were negative for Flavivirus RNA. The results presented here evince the need for permanent surveillance for emerging flaviviruses in Brazil, as well as for a contingency policy in the case of human/animal outbreaks, particularly in high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Morel
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Anelise Webster
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Calo Zitelli
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Karen Umeno
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Ugo Araújo Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Prusch
- Clinica Veterinária Toca dos Bichos, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Anicet
- Clinica Veterinária Toca dos Bichos, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Bandarra
- Nucleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre-UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Trainini
- Hayabusa Consultoria Ambiental, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil
| | - Julian Stocker
- Hayabusa Consultoria Ambiental, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Giani
- Hayabusa Consultoria Ambiental, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia Borges Fortes
- Programa Estadual de Sanidade Avícola (PESA), Secretaria da Agricultura Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural (SEAPDR), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvina Goenaga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas (INEVH), Pergamino, Argentina
| | - José Reck
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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Almeida JF, Belchior HCM, Ríos-Velásquez CM, Pessoa FAC. Diversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in different types of larvitraps in an Amazon rural settlement. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235726. [PMID: 33006968 PMCID: PMC7531793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic environments provide favorable conditions for some species, which is especially true of mosquitoes that present eclecticism at the moment of choice for the site of oviposition. In the present study, the diversity of mosquitoes was assessed by providing plastic containers, bamboo internodes, and tires in a forest, the forest edge, and peridomicile environments in a rural settlement area. Eighteen sampling points were chosen, delimited by a buffer of 200 m, placed in three environments: forest, forest edge, and peridomicile. In each environment, larvitraps were installed, separated by a minimum distance of 7 m and 1 m from the ground. A total of 10,131 immature mosquitoes of 20 species were collected. The most abundant species was Culex urichii (29.5%), followed by Trichoprosopon digitatum (27.1%), and Cx. (Melanoconion) spp. (10.4%). There was a difference in the composition of immature mosquito populations between larvitraps (p < 0.0005), and the plastic container hosted a greater diversity of species, whereas tires presented a greater abundance of individuals. The forest, forest edge, and peridomicile environments were also different with regard to diversity of immature mosquito populations (p < 0.0010). The forest edge was the environment with the greatest diversity of species, followed by the peridomicile and forest environments. In the forest and peridomicile, plastic container larvitraps had the greatest diversity, whereas the forest edge tire presented the largest number of individuals. Further, tire larvitraps collected the largest number of individuals in all environments. Ten species associated with the bamboo internode and tire were identified. The preference of species for artificial larvitraps, such as the plastic container and tire, even in wild environments was noted. These artificial objects may represent a risk factor for the population living in this region, as all vector species found in the study were present in plastic containers and tires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Feijó Almeida
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane—Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Condições de Vida e Situações de Saúde na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane—Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Heliana Christy Matos Belchior
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane—Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane—Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Claudia María Ríos-Velásquez
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane—Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Condições de Vida e Situações de Saúde na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane—Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane—Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane—Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Condições de Vida e Situações de Saúde na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane—Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane—Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
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Milhim BHGA, Estofolete CF, da Rocha LC, Liso E, Brienze VMS, Vasilakis N, Terzian ACB, Nogueira ML. Fatal Outcome of Ilheus Virus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Patient Diagnosed with Encephalitis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090957. [PMID: 32872425 PMCID: PMC7552055 DOI: 10.3390/v12090957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ilheus virus is an arbovirus with the potential for central nervous system involvement. Accurate diagnosis is a challenge due to similar clinical symptoms and serologic cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Here, we describe the first documented case of a fatal outcome following the identification of Ilheus virus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient with cerebral encephalitis in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno H. G. A. Milhim
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (C.F.E.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.)
| | - Cássia F. Estofolete
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (C.F.E.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.)
| | - Leonardo C. da Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (C.F.E.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.)
| | - Elisabete Liso
- Hospital de Base, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, SP 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (E.L.); (V.M.S.B.)
| | - Vânia M. S. Brienze
- Hospital de Base, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, SP 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (E.L.); (V.M.S.B.)
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Ana C. B. Terzian
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (C.F.E.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.)
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (C.F.E.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-1798811-0550
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10
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Julia da Silva Pessoa Vieira C, José Ferreira da Silva D, Rigotti Kubiszeski J, Ceschini Machado L, Pena LJ, Vieira de Morais Bronzoni R, da Luz Wallau G. The Emergence of Chikungunya ECSA Lineage in a Mayaro Endemic Region on the Southern Border of the Amazon Forest. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:E105. [PMID: 32604785 PMCID: PMC7345197 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropic changes on the edges of the tropical forests may facilitate the emergence of new viruses from the sylvatic environment and the simultaneous circulation of sylvatic and urban viruses in the human population. In this study, we investigated the presence of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) in the sera of 354 patients, sampled from February 2014 to October 2018 in Sinop city. We sequenced the complete genomes of one chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-positive and one out of the 33 Mayaro virus (MAYV)-positive samples. The CHIKV genome obtained here belongs to the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype and the MAYV genome belongs to the L genotype. These genomes clustered with other viral strains from different Brazilian states, but the CHIKV strain circulating in Sinop did not cluster with other genomes from the Mato Grosso state, suggesting that at least two independent introductions of this virus occurred in Mato Grosso. Interestingly, the arrival of CHIKV in Sinop seems to not have caused a surge in human cases in the following years, as observed in the rest of the state, suggesting that cross immunity from MAYV infection might be protecting the population from CHIKV infection. These findings reinforce the need for continued genomic surveillance in order to evaluate how simultaneously circulating alphaviruses infecting the human population will unfold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Julia da Silva Pessoa Vieira
- Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (C.J.d.S.P.V.); (D.J.F.d.S.); (J.R.K.); (R.V.d.M.B.)
| | - David José Ferreira da Silva
- Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (C.J.d.S.P.V.); (D.J.F.d.S.); (J.R.K.); (R.V.d.M.B.)
| | - Janaína Rigotti Kubiszeski
- Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (C.J.d.S.P.V.); (D.J.F.d.S.); (J.R.K.); (R.V.d.M.B.)
| | - Laís Ceschini Machado
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (L.J.P.)
| | - Lindomar José Pena
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (L.J.P.)
| | - Roberta Vieira de Morais Bronzoni
- Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil; (C.J.d.S.P.V.); (D.J.F.d.S.); (J.R.K.); (R.V.d.M.B.)
| | - Gabriel da Luz Wallau
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (L.J.P.)
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11
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Estofolete CF, Milhim BHGA, Zini N, Scamardi SN, Selvante JD, Vasilakis N, Nogueira ML. Flavivirus Infection Associated with Cerebrovascular Events. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060671. [PMID: 32580374 PMCID: PMC7354470 DOI: 10.3390/v12060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of the genus Flavivirus are distributed globally and cause significant human disease and mortality annually. Flavivirus infections present a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to severe manifestations, including hemorrhage, encephalitis and death. Herein, we describe 3 case reports of cerebrovascular involvement in patients infected by dengue and Zika viruses in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil, a hyperendemic area for arbovirus circulation, including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Saint Louis encephalitis viruses. Our findings highlight the potential threat that unusual clinical manifestations may pose to arbovirus disease management and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia F Estofolete
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno H G A Milhim
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Zini
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Samuel N Scamardi
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Joana D'Arc Selvante
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Maurício L Nogueira
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
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12
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Estofolete CF, Milhim BHGDA, França CCGD, Silva GCDD, Augusto MT, Terzian ACB, Zini N, Durigon EL, Oliveira DBL, Massad E, Nogueira ML. Prevalence of Measles Antibodies in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil: A serological survey model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5179. [PMID: 32198469 PMCID: PMC7083962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles is an acute and highly contagious but vaccine-preventable infectious disease. Despite years of being considered eliminated, decreased vaccination rates have produced virus reemergence in several countries, including Brazil. Measles can be controlled through immunization programs, through which aim to achieve 95% coverage with two doses of the vaccine. Measles can also be controlled if suspected cases can be properly identified in order to contain outbreaks. This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of measles antibodies and their correlation with rubella antibodies (resulting from the combination vaccine used in Brazil's public immunization program) in individuals aged higher 10 years old in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil, participants of a prospective cohort of arbovirosis surveillance before virus reemergence in the country. Our findings presented that 32.9% of individuals aged 10-40 years old had not antibodies against measles; 39.3% of total individuals with documented evidence of measles vaccination did not have anti-measles IgG, though only 20.2% of individuals with documented evidence of rubella vaccination lacked anti-rubella IgG. Besides, the most of measles cases reported in the city, following the virus spreading in the country, occurred especially in groups defined by us as susceptible. Because the combination MMR vaccine is part of Brazil's national vaccine schedule, the possible reasons for this relatively high rate of seronegativity need to be investigated further, once that it reflects outbreak risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Fernanda Estofolete
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Tayar Augusto
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalia Zini
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Edison Luís Durigon
- Clinical and Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São José, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Daniele Bruna Leal Oliveira
- Clinical and Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São José, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Massad
- School of Applied Mathematics, Getúlio Vargas Foundation (FGV), Rio, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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13
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Silent Circulation of the Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus among Humans and Equids, Southeast Brazil. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111029. [PMID: 31694207 PMCID: PMC6893452 DOI: 10.3390/v11111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that occurs throughout the Americas, and is considered a public health threat. In Brazil, SLEV has been detected from human cases associated with dengue-like disease, but no neurological symptoms were reported. Furthermore, the epidemiology of SLEV in human populations is still poorly explored in the country. We reported serological and molecular detection of SLEV in a healthy population of equids and humans from rural areas in Southeast Brazil. A plaque reduction neutralization test was applied, and neutralizing antibodies were detected in 11 individuals (4.6%) and 60 horses (21.5%). A qPCR targeting the 5′UTR region and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the non-structural protein (NS5) gene were performed and three individuals tested positive in both assays. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis confirmed SLEV circulation and its findings suggest the occurrence of an asymptomatic or subclinical presence in human and animal cases, correlating with the risks for outbreaks and consequently burden of SLEV infections to public health. Preventive strategies should include improved surveillance in regions with a high probability of SLEV occurrence, improvement in diagnostic methods, and evaluation of exposure/risk factors that can favor SLEV emergence.
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Colombo TE, Versiani AF, Dutra KR, Rubiato JGD, Galvão TM, Negri Reis AF, Nogueira ML. Performance of CDC Trioplex qPCR during a dengue outbreak in Brazil. J Clin Virol 2019; 121:104208. [PMID: 31707203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years real‑time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) has become a leading technique for nucleic acid detection and quantification of flaviviruses, including Dengue virus (DENV). Trioplex real-time RT-PCR has the advantages of providing the concurrent detection of Zika virus (ZIKV), DENV, and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) RNA in human serum. OBJECTIVE This study sought to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the Trioplex real-time RT-PCR assay to those provided by CDC DENV TaqMan® RT-qPCR assay and conventional PCR when used for DENV detection in the context of a dengue epidemic. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed 1656 serum samples from symptomatic patients with acute febrile disease for 5 days less between December 2018 and May 2019. The samples were tested using the various PCR-based assays. RESULTS Of the 1656 serum samples analyzed, 713 (43%) were laboratory-confirmed as arboviruses: 99.86% (712/713) were confirmed as DENV and 0.14% (1/713) were confirmed as ZIKV. Next, 590 samples were selected, and of these, 331 samples (56.1%) were determined to be positive (Ct < 38) and 259 samples (43.9%) were determined to be negative (Ct > 38) using the Trioplex real-time RT-PCR assay. The multiplex method found that the test exhibits 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSION This evaluation demonstrates the capacity of the Trioplex real-time RT-PCR assay to detect DENV at a high sensitivity and specificity in a geographic area with a current dengue outbreak and a lower co-circulation of other arboviruses - such as ZIKV and CHIKV, and the results prove it´s applicability as clinical screening test that can serve as a confirmatory test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Elias Colombo
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alice Freitas Versiani
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Rocha Dutra
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Fernandes-Charpiot IMM, Estofolete CF, Caldas HC, de Souza GR, da Silva RDCMA, Baptista MASF, Nogueira ML, Abbud-Filho M. Clinical and laboratorial profiles of dengue virus infection in kidney transplant recipients: Report of a single center. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219117. [PMID: 31665142 PMCID: PMC6821097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue infection (DI) is the most important arboviral infection in the world. The majority of immunocompetent patients will have asymptomatic or mild infections, but the degree of dengue severity in kidney transplant recipients (KTx) is unknown. In this study, we report the clinical profile and outcomes of 39 dengue cases in KTx. From a total of 1,186 KTx outpatients in follow-up we reviewed clinical and laboratory records of 60 (5%) patients admitted with suspected DI initially screened by NS-1, IgM, and when possible, multiplex nested PCR. The prevalence of DI in KTx was 3% (39/1,118), with symptoms leading to hospital admission being fever, myalgia, malaise, and headache. Laboratory tests showed leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and liver enzyme elevation. DI was confirmed by positivity of NS-1 (33%), IgM (69%), and/or RT-PCR (59%). Twenty-three patients (59%) had dengue with warning signs, and 15% had severe dengue, 2 of them with a fatal course. Acute graft dysfunction occurred in 59% (mean nadir serum creatinine: 2.9 ± 2.6mg/dL), 4 of them requiring dialysis. CMV coinfection diagnosed in 19% of the cases and patients was associated with worse clinical presentation. Our results suggest that KTx with DI presented initial physical and laboratorial profile similar to the general population. However, DI in KTx seems to have a higher risk for graft dysfunction, severe dengue, and death. Because CMV coinfection aggravates the DI clinical presentation and recovery, it must be evaluated in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassia Fernanda Estofolete
- Laboratory of Research in Virology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Cristina Caldas
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP—Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rodrigues de Souza
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP—Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Alice Sperto Ferreira Baptista
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP—Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira
- Laboratory of Research in Virology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Mario Abbud-Filho
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP—Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Instituto de Urology e Nefrologia, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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16
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Co-infection between Zika and different Dengue serotypes during DENV outbreak in Brazil. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:178-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ferreira JE, Ferreira SC, Almeida-Neto C, Nishiya AS, Alencar CS, Gouveia GR, Caiaffa-Filho H, Gomes H, de Macedo Santos RT, Witkin SS, Mendrone-Junior A, Sabino EC. Molecular characterization of viruses associated with encephalitis in São Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209993. [PMID: 30640927 PMCID: PMC6331147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of viral encephalitis due to arbovirus infection of the Togaviridae and Flaviviridae families in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 500 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected between August 2012 and January 2013, from patients with symptoms of acute encephalitis were analyzed. Findings suggestive of viral encephalitis-elevations in cell concentration, glucose and total protein-were observed in 234 (46.8%) samples, designated as Group 1. The remaining 266 samples comprised Group 2. All samples were tested for Flaviviruses (dengue virus 1, 2, 3 and 4, yellow fever virus and West Nile virus), Alphavirus (NS5 region) and enterovirus by RT- PCR and for herpesviruses and enteroviruses using CLART-Entherpex. A presumptive viral etiological agent was detected in 26 samples (5.2%), 18 (8.0%) in Group 1 and 8 (3.0%) in Group 2. In Group 1 human herpesviruses were detected in 9 cases, enteroviruses in 7 cases, dengue viruses (DENV) in 2 CSFs and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) in one case. In Group 2 there were 3 CSFs positive for human herpesviruses, 2 for enteroviruses, 2 for DENV and 1 for SLEV. Detection of arboviruses, even though present in a minority of infected patients, identifies these viruses as a probable etiological agent of encephalitis. This is of special concern in regions where this class of viruses is endemic and has been linked to other recent epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerenice E. Ferreira
- LIM / 46—Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine—IMT, University of São Paulo Medical School USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pathology Center, Adolf Lutz Institute–IAL, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Almeida-Neto
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo–FPS/HSP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Disciplina de Ciências Médicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna S. Nishiya
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo–FPS/HSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia S. Alencar
- Central Laboratory Division—Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo–DLC-HCSP
- Clinical Laboratory and LIM 03–Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele R. Gouveia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo–FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helio Caiaffa-Filho
- Pathology Center, Adolf Lutz Institute–IAL, São Paulo, Brazil
- Central Laboratory Division—Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo–DLC-HCSP
| | - Helio Gomes
- Central Laboratory Division—Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo–DLC-HCSP
- Clinical Laboratory and LIM 03–Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Steven S. Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Ester C. Sabino
- LIM / 46—Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine—IMT, University of São Paulo Medical School USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Bittar C, Machado RRG, Comelis MT, Bueno LM, Morielle-Versute E, Beguelini MR, de Souza RP, Nogueira ML, Rahal P. Lack of serological and molecular evidence of arbovirus infections in bats from Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207010. [PMID: 30403749 PMCID: PMC6221338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are important agents of emerging zoonoses and are a substantial public health issue. Among emerging viruses, an important group are arboviruses, which are characterized by being maintained in nature in cycles involving hematophagous arthropod vectors and a wide range of vertebrate hosts. Recently, bats have received increasing attention as an important source for the emergence of zoonoses and as possible viral reservoirs. Among the arboviruses, there are many representatives of the genera Flavivirus and Alphavirus, which are responsible for important epidemics such as Dengue virus, Zika virus and Chikungunya virus. Due to the importance of analyzing potential viral reservoirs for zoonosis control and expanding our knowledge of bat viruses, this study aimed to investigate the presence of viruses of the Alphavirus and Flavivirus genera in bats. We analyzed serum, liver, lungs and intestine from 103 bats sampled in northeast and southern Brazil via Nested-PCR and the hemagglutination inhibition test. All samples tested in this study were negative for arboviruses, suggesting that no active or past infection was present in the captured bats. These data indicate that the bats examined herein probably do not constitute a reservoir for these viruses in the studied areas. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of bats as reservoirs and sources of infection of these viral zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Bittar
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael R. G. Machado
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela T. Comelis
- Laboratório de Chiroptera, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa M. Bueno
- Laboratório de Chiroptera, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Morielle-Versute
- Laboratório de Chiroptera, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus R. Beguelini
- Laboratório de Chiroptera, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, UFOB—Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Renato P. de Souza
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, FAMERP-Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Rivarola ME, de Olmos S, Albrieu-Llinás G, Tauro LB, Gorosito-Serrán M, Konigheim BS, Contigiani MS, Gruppi A. Neuronal Degeneration in Mice Induced by an Epidemic Strain of Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus Isolated in Argentina. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1181. [PMID: 29930541 PMCID: PMC6000731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a neglected flavivirus that causes severe neurological disorders. The epidemic strain of SLEV, CbaAr-4005, isolated during an outbreak in Córdoba city (Argentina), causes meningitis and encephalitis associated with neurological symptoms in a murine experimental model. Here, we identified the affected brain areas and the damage triggered by this neurotropic arbovirus. We performed a detailed analysis of brain neurodegeneration associated with CbaAr-4005 SLEV infection in mice. The motor cortex, corpus striatum and cerebellum were the most affected structures. Neurodegeneration was also found in the olfactory bulb, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and hindbrain. SLEV infection triggered brain cell apoptosis as well as somatodendritic and terminal degeneration. In addition, we observed massive excitotoxic-like degeneration in many cortical structures. Apoptosis was also detected in the neuroblastoma cell line N2a cultured with SLEV. The results evidenced that SLEV CbaAr-4005 infection induced severe degenerative alterations within the central nervous system of infected mice, providing new information about the targets of this flavivirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Rivarola
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Soledad de Olmos
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía e Histología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra - INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Albrieu-Llinás
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura B Tauro
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Melisa Gorosito-Serrán
- Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brenda S Konigheim
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marta S Contigiani
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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20
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Nogueira ML, Nery Júnior NRR, Estofolete CF, Bernardes Terzian AC, Guimarães GF, Zini N, Alves da Silva R, Dutra Silva GC, Junqueira Franco LC, Rahal P, Bittar C, Carneiro B, Vasconcelos PFC, Freitas Henriques D, Barbosa DMU, Lopes Rombola P, de Grande L, Negri Reis AF, Palomares SA, Wakai Catelan M, Cruz LEAA, Necchi SH, Mendonça RCV, Penha Dos Santos IN, Alavarse Caron SB, Costa F, Bozza FA, Soares de Souza A, Brandão de Mattos CC, de Mattos LC, Vasilakis N, Oliani AH, Vaz Oliani DCM, Ko AI. Adverse birth outcomes associated with Zika virus exposure during pregnancy in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:646-652. [PMID: 29133154 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to report the first 54 cases of pregnant women infected by Zika virus (ZIKV) and their virologic and clinical outcomes, as well as their newborns' outcomes, in 2016, after the emergence of ZIKV in dengue-endemic areas of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS This descriptive study was performed from February to October 2016 on 54 quantitative real-time PCR ZIKV-positive pregnant women identified by the public health authority of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. The women were followed and had clinical and epidemiologic data collected before and after birth. Adverse outcomes in newborns were analysed and reported. Urine or blood samples from newborns were collected to identify ZIKV infection by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS A total of 216 acute Zika-suspected pregnant women were identified, and 54 had the diagnosis confirmed by RT-PCR. None of the 54 women miscarried. Among the 54 newborns, 15 exhibited adverse outcomes at birth. The highest number of ZIKV infections occurred during the second and third trimesters. No cases of microcephaly were reported, though a broad clinical spectrum of outcomes, including lenticulostriate vasculopathy, subependymal cysts, and auditory and ophthalmologic disorders, were identified. ZIKV RNA was detected in 18 of 51 newborns tested and in eight of 15 newborns with adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although other studies have associated many newborn outcomes to ZIKV infection during pregnancy, these same adverse outcomes were rare or nonexistent in this study. The clinical presentation the newborns we studied was mild compared to other reports, suggesting that there is significant heterogeneity in congenital Zika infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Nogueira
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - N R R Nery Júnior
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - C F Estofolete
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - G F Guimarães
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Zini
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Alves da Silva
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G C Dutra Silva
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L C Junqueira Franco
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Rahal
- São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Bittar
- São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Carneiro
- São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - D M U Barbosa
- Health Secretariat, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Lopes Rombola
- Health Secretariat, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L de Grande
- Health Secretariat, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A F Negri Reis
- Health Secretariat, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S A Palomares
- Health Secretariat, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Wakai Catelan
- Health Secretariat, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L E A A Cruz
- Health Secretariat, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S H Necchi
- Health Secretariat, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C V Mendonça
- Health Secretariat, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - F Costa
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F A Bozza
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Soares de Souza
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - L C de Mattos
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Vasilakis
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - A H Oliani
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D C M Vaz Oliani
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A I Ko
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Marinho PES, Bretas de Oliveira D, Candiani TMS, Crispim APC, Alvarenga PPM, Castro FCDS, Abrahão JS, Rios M, Coimbra RS, Kroon EG. Meningitis Associated with Simultaneous Infection by Multiple Dengue Virus Serotypes in Children, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:115-118. [PMID: 27983492 PMCID: PMC5176234 DOI: 10.3201/eid2301.160817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the causes of viral meningitis, we analyzed 22 cerebrospinal fluid samples collected during the 2014–2015 dengue epidemics in Brazil. We identified 3 serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1, -2, and -3), as well as co-infection with 2 or 3 serotypes. We also detected the Asian II genotype of DENV-2.
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22
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Impact of environmental factors on neglected emerging arboviral diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005959. [PMID: 28953892 PMCID: PMC5633201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brazil is a tropical country that is largely covered by rainforests and other natural ecosystems, which provide ideal conditions for the existence of many arboviruses. However, few analyses have examined the associations between environmental factors and arboviral diseases. Thus, based on the hypothesis of correlation between environment and epidemiology, the proposals of this study were (1) to obtain the probability of occurrence of Oropouche, Mayaro, Saint Louis and Rocio fevers in Brazil based on environmental conditions corresponding to the periods of occurrence of the outbreaks; (2) to describe the macroclimatic scenario in Brazil in the last 50 years, evaluating if there was any detectable tendency to increase temperatures and (3) to model future expansion of those arboviruses in Brazil based on future temperature projections. Methodology/Principal findings Our model assessed seven environmental factors (annual rainfall, annual temperature, elevation, seasonality of temperature, seasonality of precipitation, thermal amplitude, and daytime temperature variation) for their association with the occurrence of outbreaks in the last 50 years. Our results suggest that various environmental factors distinctly influence the distribution of each arbovirus, with temperature being the central determinant of disease distribution in all high-risk areas. These areas are subject to change, since the average temperature of some areas has increased significantly over the time. Conclusions/Significance This is the first spatio-temporal study of the Oropouche, Mayaro, Saint Louis, and Rocio arboviruses, and our results indicate that they may become increasingly important public health problems in Brazil. Thus, next studies and control programs should include these diseases and also take into consideration key environmental elements. The Oropouche, Mayaro, Saint Louis, and Rocio viruses are neglected emerging mosquito-borne viruses that are spreading and causing wide-scale epidemics in South America. However, under-reporting of these cases is possible, as the symptoms are shared with other endemic diseases. Moreover, little is known regarding environmental conditions that favor these tropical outbreaks of arboviral diseases. This study examined the association of environmental factors with the probability of occurrence of Oropouche, Mayaro, Saint Louis and Rocio fever outbreaks (present and future) and finds that temperature is a central variable that determines the distribution of high-risk areas. This fact is very worrying, because the average temperature of some areas has increased significantly over the time. Results from this study strongly suggest that these four diseases have the potential to become important public health problems or become increasingly relevant in Brazil and other tropical areas in the coming years and should be monitored as part of effective control programs.
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Colombo TE, Estofolete CF, Reis AFN, da Silva NS, Aguiar ML, Cabrera EMS, Dos Santos INP, Costa FR, Cruz LEAA, Rombola PL, Terzian ACB, Nogueira ML. Clinical, laboratory and virological data from suspected ZIKV patients in an endemic arbovirus area. J Clin Virol 2017; 96:20-25. [PMID: 28918127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) presents new challenges to both clinicians and public health authorities. Overlapping clinical features between the diseases caused by ZIKV, dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) and the lack of validated serological assays for ZIKV make accurate diagnosis difficult. Brazilian authorities largely rely on clinical and epidemiological data for the epidemiological and clinical classifications of most ZIKV cases. OBJECTIVE To report the laboratory and clinical profiles of patients diagnosed with Zika fever based only on clinical and epidemiological data. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed 433 suspected cases of ZIKV identified by the attending physician based on proposed clinical criteria. The samples were also screened for ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV using PCR. RESULTS Of the 433 patients analyzed, 168 (38.8%) were laboratory-confirmed for arboviruses: 96 were positive for ZIKV, 67 were positive for DENV (56 for DENV-2, 9 for DENV-1, and 2 for DENV-4), four were positive for co-infection with ZIKV/DENV-2, and one was positive for CHIKV. The most common signs or symptoms in the patients with laboratory-confirmed ZIKV were rash (100%), arthralgia (77.1%), fever (74.0%), myalgia (74.0%) and non-purulent conjunctivitis (69.8%). In patients with laboratory-confirmed DENV infections, the most frequently observed symptoms were rash (100%), fever (79.1%), myalgia (74.6%), headache (73.1%) and arthralgia (70.1%). The measure of association between clinical manifestations and laboratory manifestations among patients with ZIKV and DENV detected a statistically significant difference only in abdominal pain (p=0.04), leukopenia (p=0.003), and thrombocytopenia (p=0.01). CONCLUSION Our data suggests that clinical and epidemiological criteria alone are not a good tool for ZIKV and DENV differentiation, and that laboratory diagnosis should be mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Elias Colombo
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natal Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Modelagens Matemática e Estatística em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fabiana Rodrigues Costa
- Prefeitura de São José do Rio Preto, Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Lopes Rombola
- Prefeitura de São José do Rio Preto, Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Rivarola ME, Albrieu-Llinás G, Pisano MB, Tauro LB, Gorosito-Serrán M, Beccaria CG, Díaz LA, Vázquez A, Quaglia A, López C, Spinsanti L, Gruppi A, Contigiani MS. Tissue tropism of Saint Louis encephalitis virus: Histopathology triggered by epidemic and non-epidemic strains isolated in Argentina. Virology 2017; 505:181-192. [PMID: 28279829 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) reemerged in South America, and caused encephalitis outbreaks at the beginning of the 21st century. To enhance our knowledge about SLEV virulence, we performed comparative pathogenesis studies in Swiss albino mice inoculated with two different variants, the epidemic strain CbaAr-4005 and the non-epidemic strain CorAn-9275. Only the infection of mice with SLEV strain CbaAr-4005 resulted in high viremia, invasion of peripheral tissues including the lungs, kidney, and spleen, and viral neuroinvasion. This was associated with inflammatory pathology in the lungs, spleen, and brain as well as morbidity and mortality. In contrast, neither signs of desease nor viral replication were observed in mice infected with strain CorAn-9275. Interestingly, important loss of B cells and development of altered germinal centers (GC) were detected in the spleen of mice infected with strain CbaAr-4005, whereas mice infected with SLEV CorAn-9275 developed prominent GC with conserved follicular architecture, and neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elisa Rivarola
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología ''Dr. J. M. Vanella'', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez S/N. CP, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Albrieu-Llinás
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología ''Dr. J. M. Vanella'', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez S/N. CP, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María Belén Pisano
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología ''Dr. J. M. Vanella'', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez S/N. CP, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Laura Beatriz Tauro
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología ''Dr. J. M. Vanella'', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez S/N. CP, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Melisa Gorosito-Serrán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina; Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre. CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Cristian Gabriel Beccaria
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina; Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre. CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Luis Adrián Díaz
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología ''Dr. J. M. Vanella'', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez S/N. CP, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Ana Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Carretera de Majadahonda - Pozuelo, Km. 2.200. 28220 - Majadahonda (Madrid); CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Agustín Quaglia
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología ''Dr. J. M. Vanella'', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez S/N. CP, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Cristina López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Juan Filloy S/N. PC: 5000, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Lorena Spinsanti
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología ''Dr. J. M. Vanella'', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez S/N. CP, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina; Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre. CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Marta Silvia Contigiani
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología ''Dr. J. M. Vanella'', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez S/N. CP, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarfield 1611, CP: 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Fernanda Estofolete C, Terzian ACB, Parreira R, Esteves A, Hardman L, Greque GV, Rahal P, Nogueira ML. Clinical and laboratory profile of Zika virus infection in dengue suspected patients: A case series. J Clin Virol 2016; 81:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Heinen LBDS, Zuchi N, Serra OP, Cardoso BF, Gondim BHF, Dos Santos MAM, Souto FJD, Paula DAJD, Dutra V, Dezengrini-Slhessarenko R. SAINT LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN MATO GROSSO, CENTRAL-WESTERN BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016. [PMID: 26200961 PMCID: PMC4544245 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dengue virus (DENV), which is frequently involved in large epidemics, and the yellow fever virus (YFV), which is responsible for sporadic sylvatic outbreaks, are considered the most important flaviviruses circulating in Brazil. Because of that, laboratorial diagnosis of acute undifferentiated febrile illness during epidemic periods is frequently directed towards these viruses, which may eventually hinder the detection of other circulating flaviviruses, including the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), which is widely dispersed across the Americas. The aim of this study was to conduct a molecular investigation of 11 flaviviruses using 604 serum samples obtained from patients during a large dengue fever outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso (MT) between 2011 and 2012. Simultaneously, 3,433 female Culex spp. collected with Nasci aspirators in the city of Cuiabá, MT, in 2013, and allocated to 409 pools containing 1-10 mosquitoes, were also tested by multiplex semi-nested reverse transcription PCR for the same flaviviruses. SLEV was detected in three patients co-infected with DENV-4 from the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande. One of them was a triple co-infection with DENV-1. None of them mentioned recent travel or access to sylvatic/rural regions, indicating that transmission might have occurred within the metropolitan area. Regarding mosquito samples, one pool containing one Culex quinquefasciatus female was positive for SLEV, with a minimum infection rate (MIR) of 0.29 per 1000 specimens of this species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates both human and mosquito SLEV cluster, with isolates from genotype V-A obtained from animals in the Amazon region, in the state of Pará. This is the first report of SLEV molecular identification in MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Borges da Silva Heinen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nayara Zuchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Otacília Pereira Serra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Belgath Fernandes Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco José Dutra Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Daphine Ariadne Jesus de Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Renata Dezengrini-Slhessarenko
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Hoyos-López R, Soto SU, Rúa-Uribe G, Gallego-Gómez JC. Molecular identification of Saint Louis encephalitis virus genotype IV in Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:719-25. [PMID: 26313538 PMCID: PMC4667573 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760280040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a member of the Japanese-encephalitis virus
serocomplex of the genus Flavivirus. SLEV is broadly distributed in the Americas and
the Caribbean Islands, where it is usually transmitted by mosquitoes of the
genus Culex and primarily to birds and mammalian-hosts. Humans
are occasionally infected by the virus and are dead-end hosts. SLEV causes
encephalitis in temperate regions, while in tropical regions of the Americas, several
human cases and a wide biological diversity of SLEV-strains have been reported. The
phylogenetic analysis of the envelope (E) protein genes indicated eight-genotypes of
SLEV with geographic overlap. The present paper describes the genotyping of two SLEV
viruses detected in mosquito-pools collected in northern Colombia (department of
Cordoba). We used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to amplify a
fragment of theE-gene to confirm the virus identity and
completeE-gene sequencing for phylogenetic analysis and
genotyping of the two-SLEV viruses found circulating in Córdoba. This is the first
report of SLEV genotype IV in Colombia (Córdoba) in mosquitoes from a region of human
inhabitation, implicating the risk of human disease due to SLEV infection. Physicians
should consider SLEV as a possible aetiology for undiagnosed febrile and neurologic
syndromes among their patients who report exposure to mosquito-bites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillermo Rúa-Uribe
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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Silva JR, Romeiro MF, Souza WMD, Munhoz TD, Borges GP, Soares OAB, Campos CHCD, Machado RZ, Silva MLCR, Faria JLM, Chávez JH, Figueiredo LTM. A Saint Louis encephalitis and Rocio virus serosurvey in Brazilian horses. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 47:414-7. [PMID: 25229279 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0117-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arboviruses are an important public health problem in Brazil, in especially flaviviruses, including the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and the Rocio virus (ROCV), are especially problematic. These viruses are transmitted to humans or other vertebrates through arthropod bites and may cause diseases with clinical manifestations that range from asymptomatic infection, viral hemorrhagic fever to encephalitis. METHODS A serological survey of horses from various regions of Brazil using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant SLEV domain III peptides and ROCV E protein as antigens. RESULTS Overall, 415 (55.1%) of the 753 horses that were screened were seropositive for flavivirus and, among them, monotypic reactions were observed to SLEV in 93 (12.3%) and to ROCV in 46 (6.1%). These results suggested that these viruses, or other closely related viruses, are infecting horses in Brazil. However, none of the studied horses presented central nervous system infection symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SLEV and ROCV previously circulated among horses in northeast, west-central and southeast Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Raymondi Silva
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia Farignoli Romeiro
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - William Marciel de Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Demarchi Munhoz
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Puía Borges
- Escola de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazi
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Helena Chávez
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Svoboda WK, Martins LC, Malanski LDS, Shiozawa MM, Spohr KAH, Hilst CLS, Aguiar LM, Ludwig G, Passos FDC, Silva LRD, Headley SA, Navarro IT. Serological evidence for Saint Louis encephalitis virus in free-ranging New World monkeys and horses within the upper Paraná River basin region, Southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014; 47:280-6. [PMID: 25075477 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0083-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) primarily occurs in the Americas and produces disease predominantly in humans. This study investigated the serological presence of SLEV in nonhuman primates and horses from southern Brazil. METHODS From June 2004 to December 2005, sera from 133 monkeys (Alouatta caraya, n=43; Sapajus nigritus, n=64; Sapajus cay, n=26) trap-captured at the Paraná River basin region and 23 blood samples from farm horses were obtained and used for the serological detection of a panel of 19 arboviruses. All samples were analyzed in a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay; positive monkey samples were confirmed in a mouse neutralization test (MNT). Additionally, all blood samples were inoculated into C6/36 cell culture for viral isolation. RESULTS Positive seroreactivity was only observed for SLEV. A prevalence of SLEV antibodies in sera was detected in Alouatta caraya (11.6%; 5/43), Sapajus nigritus (12.5%; 8/64), and S. cay (30.8%; 8/26) monkeys with the HI assay. Of the monkeys, 2.3% (1/42) of A. caraya, 6.3% 94/64) of S. nigritus, and 15.4% (4/26) of S. cay were positive for SLEV in the MNT. Additionally, SLEV antibodies were detected by HI in 39.1% (9/23) of the horses evaluated in this study. Arboviruses were not isolated from any blood sample. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed the presence of SLEV in nonhuman primates and horses from southern Brazil. These findings most likely represent the first detection of this virus in nonhuman primates beyond the Amazon region. The detection of SLEV in animals within a geographical region distant from the Amazon basin suggests that there may be widespread and undiagnosed dissemination of this disease in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walfrido Kühl Svoboda
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil
| | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucas M Aguiar
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, PR
| | - Gabriela Ludwig
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, João Pessoa, PB
| | | | | | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Basil
| | - Italmar Teodorico Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Basil
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Infection with Saint Louis encephalitis virus in the city of Ribeirao Preto, Brazil: report of one case. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 26:96-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Demari-Silva B, Suesdek L, Sallum MAM, Marrelli MT. Wing geometry of Culex coronator (Diptera: Culicidae) from South and Southeast Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:174. [PMID: 24721508 PMCID: PMC4113194 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronator Group encompasses Culex coronator Dyar & Knab, Culex camposi Dyar, Culex covagarciai Forattini, Culex ousqua Dyar, Culex usquatissimus Dyar, Culex usquatus Dyar and Culex yojoae Strickman. Culex coronator has the largest geographic distribution, occurring in North, Central and South America. Moreover, it is a potential vector-borne mosquito species because females have been found naturally infected with several arboviruses, i.e., Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus and West Nile Virus. Considering the epidemiological importance of Cx. coronator, we investigated the wing shape diversity of Cx. coronator from South and Southeast Brazil, a method to preliminarily estimate population diversity. METHODS Field-collected immature stages of seven populations from a large geographical area in Brazil were maintained in the laboratory to obtain both females and males linked with pupal and/or larval exuviae. For each individual female, 18 landmarks of left wings were marked and digitalized. After Procrustes superimposition, discriminant analysis of shape was employed to quantify wing shape variation among populations. The isometric estimator centroid size was calculated to assess the overall wing size and allometry. RESULTS Wing shape was polymorphic among populations of Cx. coronator. However, dissimilarities among populations were higher than those observed within each population, suggesting populational differentiation in Cx. coronator. Morphological distances between populations were not correlated to geographical distances, indicating that other factors may act on wing shape and thus, determining microevolutionary patterns in Cx. coronator. Despite the population differentiation, intrapopulational wing shape variability was equivalent among all seven populations. CONCLUSION The wing variability found in Cx. coronator populations brings to light a new biological problem to be investigated: the population genetics of Cx. coronator. Because of differences in the male genitalia, we also transferred Cx. yojoae to the Apicinus Subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Demari-Silva
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr, Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP 01246-904.
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Luna DMN, Oliveira MDL, Nogueira ML, Andrade CAS. Biosensor based on lectin and lipid membranes for detection of serum glycoproteins in infected patients with dengue. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 180:7-14. [PMID: 24631065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a biosystem based on Concanavalin A (ConA) and lipid membranes to recognize glycoproteins from the serum of patients contaminated with dengue serotypes 1, 2 and 3 (DENV1, DENV2 and DENV3). The modified gold electrode was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and atomic force microscopy. Morphological analyses of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), DPPC-ConA, DPPC-ConA-DENV1, DPPC-ConA-DENV2 and DPPC-ConA-DENV3 revealed the existence of a non-uniform covering and large globules. EIS and CV measurements have shown that redox probe reactions on the modified gold electrodes were partially blocked due to the adsorption of lipid-ConA system and reveal the interaction response of the immobilized ConA to the presence of glycoproteins of dengue serum. The biosystem exhibited a wide linear response to different concentrations of sera of dengue serotypes 1, 2 and 3. A higher impedimetric response to glycoproteins present in dengue serotype 3 was observed. Our results demonstrate the applicability of lectin and lipid membranes to the development of biosensors for dengue infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora M N Luna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria D L Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maurício L Nogueira
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, FAMERP, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar A S Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Figueiredo MLGD, Figueiredo LTM. Review on Infections of the Central Nervous System by St. Louis Encephalitis, Rocio and West Nile Flaviviruses in Brazil, 2004-2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.413106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rosa R, Costa EA, Marques RE, Oliveira TS, Furtini R, Bomfim MRQ, Teixeira MM, Paixão TA, Santos RL. Isolation of saint louis encephalitis virus from a horse with neurological disease in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2537. [PMID: 24278489 PMCID: PMC3836713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a causative agent of encephalitis in humans in the Western hemisphere. SLEV is a positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the Flavivirus genus, which includes West Nile encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus and other medically important viruses. Recently, we isolated a SLEV strain from the brain of a horse with neurological signs in the countryside of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The SLEV isolation was confirmed by reverse-transcription RT-PCR and sequencing of the E protein gene. Virus identity was also confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence using commercial antibodies against SLEV. To characterize this newly isolated strain in vivo, serial passages in newborn mice were performed and led to hemorrhagic manifestations associated with recruitment of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system of newborns. In summary this is the first isolation of SLEV from a horse with neurological signs in Brazil. St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), a member of the Flavivirus genus, which includes West Nile encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, and other medically important viruses, is a cause of encephalitis in humans and animals. SLEV is considered endemic in the Americas, and currently there is no vaccine or specific treatment available for controlling of preventing SLEV-induced encephalitis. In this study we describe the first isolation of SLEV from an adult male horse with neurologic disease, which was further characterized by molecular and serological methods. Phylogenetic analysis of a 903 base pairs amplified sequence from partial Envelope (E) gene region indicated that the isolate from the horse was within the cluster of the VB genotype. In addition, inoculation of the SLEV isolate intracranially in newborn mice resulted in circulatory and neurological changes. This is the first report of isolation of SLEV from a horse with neurological disease in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rosa
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erica Azevedo Costa
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Taismara Simas Oliveira
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Saúde Animal, Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Furtini
- Laboratório de Saúde Animal, Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Alves Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Lima Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Ferraz FO, Bomfim MRQ, Totola AH, Ávila TV, Cisalpino D, Pessanha JEM, de Souza DDG, Teixeira Júnior AL, Nogueira ML, Bruna-Romero O, Teixeira MM. Evaluation of laboratory tests for dengue diagnosis in clinical specimens from consecutive patients with suspected dengue in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:41-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Evaluation of a generic RT-nested-PCR for detection of flaviviruses in suspected fatal cases of dengue infection, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Virol Methods 2012; 186:167-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Andrade CA, Oliveira MD, de Melo CP, Coelho LC, Correia MT, Nogueira ML, Singh PR, Zeng X. Diagnosis of dengue infection using a modified gold electrode with hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposite and Bauhinia monandra lectin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 362:517-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Terzian ACB, Mondini A, de Moraes Bronzoni RV, Drumond BP, Ferro BP, Cabrera EMS, Figueiredo LTM, Chiaravalloti-Neto F, Nogueira ML. Detection of Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus in Dengue-Suspected Cases During a Dengue 3 Outbreak. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:291-300. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Bernardes Terzian
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriano Mondini
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bianca Piovezan Ferro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliana Márcia Sotello Cabrera
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Chiaravalloti-Neto
- Laboratório de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias—SUCEN, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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39
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Rodrigues SG, Nunes MRT, Casseb SMM, Prazeres ASC, Rodrigues DSG, Silva MO, Cruz ACR, Tavares-Neto JC, Vasconcelos PFC. Molecular epidemiology of Saint Louis encephalitis virus in the Brazilian Amazon: genetic divergence and dispersal. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:2420-7. [PMID: 20592112 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.019117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae), is an encephalitogenic arbovirus broadly distributed in the Americas. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length E gene sequences obtained for 30 Brazilian SLEV strains was performed using different methods including Bayesian and relaxed molecular clock approaches. A new genetic lineage was suggested, hereafter named genotype VIII, which co-circulates with the previously described genotype V in the Brazilian Amazon region. Genotypes II and III were restricted to São Paulo state (South-east Atlantic rainforest ecosystem). The analysis also suggested the emergence of an SLEV common ancestor between 1875 and 1973 (mean of 107 years ago), giving rise to two major genetic groups: genotype II, more prevalent in the North America, and a second group comprising the other genotypes (I and III-VIII), broadly dispersed throughout the Americas, suggesting that SLEV initially emerged in South America and spread to North America. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates the high genetic variability of SLEV and its geographical dispersion in Brazil and other New World countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueli G Rodrigues
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Brazil
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Pesko K, Mores CN. Effect of sequential exposure on infection and dissemination rates for West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in Culex quinquefasciatus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2009; 9:281-6. [PMID: 19492941 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2007.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus has spread rapidly throughout the United States since its introduction in 1999, into some areas that are also endemic for St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). These viruses are in the same antigenic complex within the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. Further, both viruses are transmitted primarily by Culex spp. mosquitoes and use birds as amplifying hosts. These viruses could contemporaneously coinfect individual vectors wherein changes in mosquito immune responses might occur. To explore this possibility, we evaluated the effect of sequential infection with both West Nile virus and SLEV on the infection and dissemination rates of these viruses in the vector mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. Prior exposure to either virus lowered susceptibility to infection with the second virus, and lower dissemination rates of the second virus, compared to controls. Exposure to one virus followed by a second virus resulted in similar infection rates for the first virus to those of controls, but higher SLEV dissemination rates when exposed first to SLEV than in singly SLEV infected controls. While some mosquitoes became infected with both viruses, only one of those viruses disseminated from the midgut into the legs, indicating a midgut infection barrier to secondary infection. Lower infection rates in mosquitoes exposed to both viruses could change transmission patterns when these viruses are present at epizootic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Pesko
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, USA
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41
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Nogueira MB, Stella V, Bordignon J, Batista WC, Borba LD, Silva LHPD, Hoffmann FG, Probst CM, Santos CNDD. Evidence for the co-circulation of dengue virus type 3 genotypes III and V in the Northern region of Brazil during the 2002-2004 epidemics. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 103:483-8. [PMID: 18797763 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762008000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The reintroduction of dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) in Brazil in 2000 and its subsequent spread throughout the country was associated with genotype III viruses, the only DENV-3 genotype isolated in Brazil prior to 2002. We report here the co-circulation of two different DENV-3 genotypes in patients living in the Northern region of Brazil during the 2002-2004 epidemics. Complete genomic sequences of viral RNA were determined from these epidemics, and viruses belonging to genotypes V (Southeast Asia/South Pacific) and III were identified. This recent co-circulation of different DENV-3 genotypes in South America may have implications for pathological and epidemiological dynamics.
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