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Li Z, Cheng W, Gao K, Liang S, Ke L, Wang M, Fan J, Li D, Zhang P, Xu Z, Li N. Pyroptosis: A spoiler of peaceful coexistence between cells in degenerative bone and joint diseases. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00247-9. [PMID: 38876191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As people age, degenerative bone and joint diseases (DBJDs) become more prevalent. When middle-aged and elderly people are diagnosed with one or more disorders such as osteoporosis (OP), osteoarthritis (OA), and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), it often signals the onset of prolonged pain and reduced functionality. Chronic inflammation has been identified as the underlying cause of various degenerative diseases, including DBJDs. Recently, excessive activation of pyroptosis, a form of programed cell death (PCD) mediated by inflammasomes, has emerged as a primary driver of harmful chronic inflammation. Consequently, pyroptosis has become a potential target for preventing and treating DBJDs. AIM OF REVIEW This review explored the physiological and pathological roles of the pyroptosis pathway in bone and joint development and its relation to DBJDs. Meanwhile, it elaborated the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis within individual cell types in the bone marrow and joints, as well as the interplay among different cell types in the context of DBJDs. Furthermore, this review presented the latest compelling evidence supporting the idea of regulating the pyroptosis pathway for DBJDs treatment, and discussed the potential, limitations, and challenges of various therapeutic strategies involving pyroptosis regulation. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In summary, an interesting identity for the unregulated pyroptosis pathway in the context of DBJDs was proposed in this review, which was undertaken as a spoiler of peaceful coexistence between cells in a degenerative environment. Over the extended course of DBJDs, pyroptosis pathway perpetuated its activity through crosstalk among pyroptosis cascades in different cell types, thus exacerbating the inflammatory environment throughout the entire bone marrow and joint degeneration environment. Correspondingly, pyroptosis regulation therapy emerged as a promising option for clinical treatment of DBJDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenxiang Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kuanhui Gao
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Songlin Liang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liqing Ke
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jilin Fan
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000 China; Shandong Zhongke Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250300 China.
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Nianhu Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
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Yu H, Gao X, Ge Q, Tai W, Hao X, Shao Q, Fang Z, Chen M, Song Y, Gao W, Liu G, Du X, Li X. Tumor necrosis factor-α reduces adiponectin production by decreasing transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in calf adipocytes. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5182-5195. [PMID: 37268580 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (encoded by ADIPOQ) is an adipokine that orchestrates energy homeostasis by modulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism in peripheral tissues. During the periparturient period, dairy cows often develop adipose tissue inflammation and decreased plasma adiponectin levels. Proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role in regulating the endocrine functions of adipocytes, but whether it affects adiponectin production in calf adipocytes remains obscure. Thus, the present study aimed to determine whether TNF-α could affect adiponectin production in calf adipocytes and to identify the underlying mechanism. Adipocytes isolated from Holstein calves were differentiated and used for (1) BODIPY493/503 staining; (2) treatment with 0.1 ng/mL TNF-α for different times (0, 8, 16, 24, or 48 h); (3) transfection with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG) small interfering RNA for 48 h followed by treatment with or without 0.1 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h; and (4) overexpression of PPARG for 48 h followed by treatment with or without 0.1 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h. After differentiation, obvious lipid droplets and secretion of adiponectin were observed in adipocytes. Treatment with TNF-α did not alter mRNA abundance of ADIPOQ but reduced the total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin content in the supernatant of adipocytes. Quantification of mRNA abundance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi resident chaperones involved in adiponectin assembly revealed that ER protein 44 (ERP44), ER oxidoreductase 1α (ERO1A), and disulfide bond-forming oxidoreductase A-like protein (GSTK1) were downregulated in TNF-α-treated adipocytes, while 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein and Golgi-localizing γ-adaptin ear homology domain ARF binding protein-1 were unaltered. Moreover, TNF-α diminished nuclear translocation of PPARγ and downregulated mRNA abundance of PPARG and its downstream target gene fatty acid synthase, suggesting that TNF-α suppressed the transcriptional activity of PPARγ. In the absence of TNF-α, overexpression of PPARG enhanced the total and HMW adiponectin content in supernatant and upregulated the mRNA abundance of ADIPOQ, ERP44, ERO1A, and GSTK1 in adipocytes. However, knockdown of PPARG reduced the total and HMW adiponectin content in supernatant and downregulated the mRNA abundance of ADIPOQ, ERP44, ERO1A, and GSTK1 in adipocytes. In the presence of TNF-α, overexpression of PPARG decreased, while knockdown of PPARG further exacerbated TNF-α-induced reductions in total and HMW adiponectin secretion and gene expression of ERP44, ERO1A, and GSTK1. Overall, TNF-α reduces adiponectin assembly in the calf adipocyte, which may be partly mediated by attenuation of PPARγ transcriptional activity. Thus, locally elevated levels of TNF-α in adipose tissue may be one reason for the decrease in circulating adiponectin in periparturient dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xinxing Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Qilai Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjun Tai
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
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Zhong Y, De T, Mishra M, Avitia J, Alarcon C, Perera MA. Leveraging drug perturbation to reveal genetic regulators of hepatic gene expression in African Americans. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:58-70. [PMID: 36608685 PMCID: PMC9892765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression quantitative locus (eQTL) studies have paved the way in identifying genetic variation impacting gene expression levels. African Americans (AAs) are disproportionately underrepresented in eQTL studies, resulting in a lack of power to identify population-specific regulatory variants especially related to drug response. Specific drugs are known to affect the biosynthesis of drug metabolism enzymes as well as other genes. We used drug perturbation in cultured primary hepatocytes derived from AAs to determine the effect of drug treatment on eQTL mapping and to identify the drug response eQTLs (reQTLs) that show altered effect size following drug treatment. Whole-genome genotyping (Illumina MEGA array) and RNA sequencing were performed on 60 primary hepatocyte cultures after treatment with six drugs (Rifampin, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Dexamethasone, Phenobarbital, and Omeprazole) and at baseline (no treatment). eQTLs were mapped by treatment and jointly with Meta-Tissue. We found varying transcriptional changes across different drug treatments and identified Nrf2 as a potential general transcriptional regulator. We jointly mapped eQTLs with gene expression data across all drug treatments and baseline, which increased our power to detect eQTLs by 2.7-fold. We also identified 2,988 reQTLs (eQTLs with altered effect size after drug treatment). reQTLs were more likely to overlap transcription factor binding sites, and we uncovered reQTLs for drug metabolizing genes such as CYP3A5. Our results provide insights into the genetic regulation of gene expression in hepatocytes through drug perturbation and provide insight into SNPs that effect the liver's ability to respond to transcription upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tanima De
- Integrative Translational Genetic, Regeneron Genetic Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Mrinal Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Juan Avitia
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cristina Alarcon
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Minoli A Perera
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Oct4 cooperates with c-Myc to improve mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition and myocardial repair of cardiac-resident mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:445. [PMID: 36056383 PMCID: PMC9438134 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac-resident mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) can exhibit fibrotic, proinflammatory, and proangiogenic phenotype in response to myocardial ischemia (Isch). How their phenotypic fate decisions are determined remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the cooperation of Oct4 and c-Myc in cMSCs creates a preferable mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndoT) to promote angiogenesis and consequent myocardial repair. METHODS We collected MSCs from cardiac and peripheral blood of rat with left ventricular Isch (LV Isch) 30 days after myocardial infarction (MI) or sham operation. After a comparison of characterization between cMSCs and peripheral blood MSCs (pbMSCs), we conducted transcriptome analysis and RNA sequencing of cMSCs. Using loss/gain-of-function approaches to understand the cooperation of c-Myc and Oct4 on MEndoT of cMSCs under hypoxic condition, we explored the mechanisms through transcriptome and functional experiment, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Next, we transplanted male cMSCs with overexpression or inhibition of c-Myc/Oct4 into the infarcted myocardium of female rats and evaluated infarct size, cell retention, inflammation, remodeling, and function after 30 days. RESULTS LV Isch switched cMSCs toward both inflammatory and proangiogenic phenotypes, with increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines as well as decreased expression of proangiogenic factors. The effect of LV Isch on pbMSCs was less remarkable. Gene expression heatmap showed imbalance in expression of Oct4 and c-Myc regulating genes associated with remodeling of cMSCs. We provided evidence that cMSCs-specific c-Myc- versus Oct4-overexpression showed divergent genomic signatures, and their corresponding target genes play an important role in regulating cMSCs phenotypic changes. In particular, Oct4 accelerated angiogenesis induced by c-Myc overexpression in cMSCs and inhibited their phenotypic transition into inflammatory cells and fibroblast. Mechanistically, exogenous Oct4 caused c-Myc to translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and activated some of its target signalings including VEGF signaling. Although transplantation of cMSCs alone did not improve LV remodeling and function, cMSCs co-transfected with c-Myc and Oct4 promoted a more positive effect in their survival and reparative properties, increased animal survival, reduced infarct size, decreased scar thickness, inhibited LV remodeling, and improved heart function 30 days after MI. Significantly, Oct4 promoted MEndoT ("Rescue me" signal) of cMSCs after both c-Myc stimulation in vitro and transplantation into the infarcted heart. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial Isch drives resident cMSCs toward multiple phenotypes. Oct4 interacts with c-Myc to promote MEndoT capacity of cMSCs and improve their survival and reparative effects through upregulation of angiogenesis-related signaling pathways. These findings may identify novel targets for stem cell therapy.
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Wang P, Deng Z, Li A, Li R, Huang W, Cui J, Chen S, Li B, Zhang S. β-Catenin promotes long-term survival and angiogenesis of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells via the Oct4 signaling pathway. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1434-1449. [PMID: 36050404 PMCID: PMC9535028 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has been extensively studied to improve heart function following myocardial infarction; however, its therapeutic potency is limited by low rates of engraftment, survival, and differentiation. Here, we aimed to determine the roles of the β-catenin/Oct4 signaling axis in the regulation of long-term survival and angiogenesis of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs). These cells were obtained from rat abdominal aortic blood. We showed that β-catenin promotes the self-renewal, antiapoptotic effects, and long-term survival of PBMSCs by activating the Oct4 pathway through upregulation of the expression of the antiapoptotic factors Bcl2 and survivin and the proangiogenic cytokine bFGF and suppression of the levels of the proapoptotic factors Bax and cleaved caspase-3. β-Catenin overexpression increased Oct4 expression. β-Catenin knockdown suppressed Oct4 expression in PBMSCs. However, β-catenin levels were not affected by Oct4 overexpression or knockdown. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays proved that β-catenin directly regulates Oct4 transcription in PBMSCs. In vivo, PBMSCs overexpressing β-catenin showed high survival in infarcted hearts and resulted in better myocardial repair. Further functional analysis identified Oct4 as the direct upstream regulator of Ang1, bFGF, HGF, VEGF, Bcl2, and survivin, which cooperatively drive antiapoptosis and angiogenesis of engrafted PBMSCs. These findings revealed the regulation of β-catenin in PBMSCs by the Oct4-mediated antiapoptotic/proangiogenic signaling axis and provide a breakthrough point for improving the long-term survival and therapeutic effects of PBMSCs. Boosting expression of a specific gene has allowed researchers to generate stem cells with increased capacity for tissue repair after a heart attack. Several studies have shown that treatment with a population of circulating cells known as ‘peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells’ (PBMSCs) can regenerate cardiac tissue. These cells generally have a short lifespan when used therapeutically, but researchers led by Shaoheng Zhang at Jinan University in Guangzhou China have increased long-term survival and performance by boosting expression of the gene encoding β-catenin, a protein that promotes cell survival and proliferation. PBMSCs expressing increased levels of β-catenin preserved heart function in a rat model of heart attack, stimulating blood vessel growth and improving animal survival. This study also reveals proteins regulated by β-catenin, which could potentially be exploited for finer control of PBMSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Zhanyu Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Rongsen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Weiguang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Jin Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Songsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China
| | - Shaoheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510220, P.R. China.
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Luo L, Liu M. Adiponectin: friend or foe in obesity and inflammation. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2022; 2:349-362. [PMID: 37724325 PMCID: PMC10388816 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine predominantly produced by fat cells, circulates and exerts insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Dysregulation of adiponectin and/or adiponectin signaling is implicated in a number of metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, while the insulin-sensitizing and cardioprotective effects of adiponectin have been widely appreciated in the field, the obesogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin are still of much debate. Understanding the physiological function of adiponectin is critical for adiponectin-based therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Huang J, Zhang W, Yu J, Gou Y, Liu N, Wang T, Sun C, Wu B, Li C, Chen X, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Wang J. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells combined with PPCNg facilitate injured endometrial regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:17. [PMID: 35022063 PMCID: PMC8756707 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caused by the injury to the endometrial basal layer, intrauterine adhesions (IUA) are characterized by uterine cavity obliteration, leading to impaired fertility. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) have the potential to promote endometrial regeneration mainly through paracrine ability. PPCNg is a thermoresponsive biomaterial consisted of Poly (polyethylene glycol citrate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PPCN) mixed with gelatin, which has been reported as a scaffold for stem cell transplantation. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of hAMSCs combined with PPCNg transplantation in promoting the regeneration of injured endometrium. METHODS hAMSCs were cultured in different concentrates of PPCNg in vitro, and their proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were examined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the MSCs specific surface markers. The expression of pluripotent genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The multiple-lineage differentiation potential was further evaluated by detecting the differentiation-related genes using qRT-PCR and specific staining. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat IUA model was established with 95% ethanol. hAMSCs combined with PPCNg were transplanted through intrauterine injection. The retention of DiR-labeled hAMSCs was observed by vivo fluorescence imaging. The endometrium morphology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect biomarkers related to endometrial proliferation, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis and endometrial receptivity. The function of regenerated endometrium was evaluated by pregnancy tests. RESULTS hAMSCs maintained normal cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle in PPCNg. Immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR showed that hAMSCs cultured in PPCNg and hAMSCs cultured alone expressed the same surface markers and pluripotent genes. hAMSCs exhibited normal multilineage differentiation potential in PPCNg. Vivo fluorescence imaging results revealed that the fluorescence intensity of hAMSCs combined with PPCNg intrauterine transplantation was stronger than that of direct hAMSCs intrauterine transplantation. Histological assays showed the increase in the thickness of endometrial and the number of endometrial glands, and the remarkably decrease in the fibrosis area in the PPCNg/hAMSCs group. The expressions of Ki-67, CK7, CK19, VEGF, ER and PR were significantly increased in the PPCNg/hAMSCs group. Moreover, the number of implanted embryos and pregnancy rate were significantly higher in the PPCNg/hAMSCs group than in the hAMSCs group. CONCLUSIONS PPCNg is suitable for growth, phenotype maintenance and multilineage differentiation of hAMSCs. hAMSCs combined with PPCNg intrauterine transplantation can facilitate the regeneration of injured endometrium by improving utilization rates of hAMSCs, and eventually restore reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yating Gou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Nizhou Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Congcong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Benyuan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Changjiang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xinpei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yanhua Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yingfeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, Daxuecheng Middle Road, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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Brooks PT, Munthe-Fog L, Rieneck K, Banch Clausen F, Rivera OB, Kannik Haastrup E, Fischer-Nielsen A, Svalgaard JD. Application of a deep learning-based image analysis and live-cell imaging system for quantifying adipogenic differentiation kinetics of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells. Adipocyte 2021; 10:621-630. [PMID: 34747303 PMCID: PMC8632106 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.2000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative methods for assessing differentiative potency of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells may lead to improved clinical application of this multipotent stem cell, by advancing our understanding of specific processes such as adipogenic differentiation. Conventional cell staining methods are used to determine the formation of adipose areas during adipogenesis as a qualitative representation of adipogenic potency. Staining methods such as oil-red-O are quantifiable using absorbance measurements, but these assays are time and material consuming. Detection methods for cell characteristics using advanced image analysis by machine learning are emerging. Here, live-cell imaging was combined with a deep learning-based detection tool to quantify the presence of adipose areas and lipid droplet formation during adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells. Different detection masks quantified adipose area and lipid droplet formation at different time points indicating kinetics of adipogenesis and showed differences between individual donors. Whereas CEBPA and PPARG expression seems to precede the increase in adipose area and lipid droplets, it might be able to predict expression of ADIPOQ. The applied method is a proof of concept, demonstrating that deep learning methods can be used to investigate adipogenic differentiation and kinetics in vitro using specific detection masks based on algorithm produced from annotation of image data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Terrence Brooks
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lea Munthe-Fog
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Rieneck
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Banch Clausen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Ballesteros Rivera
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Kannik Haastrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Fischer-Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Dyrendom Svalgaard
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sustained Activation of TNFα-Induced DNA Damage Response in Newly Differentiated Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910548. [PMID: 34638889 PMCID: PMC8508732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to DNA damage is the mechanism that allows the interaction between stress signals, inflammatory secretions, DNA repair, and maintenance of cell and tissue homeostasis. Adipocyte dysfunction is the cellular trigger for various disease states such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity, among many others. Previously, our group demonstrated that adipogenesis per se, from mesenchymal/stromal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue (hASCs), involves an accumulation of DNA damage and a gradual loss of the repair capacity of oxidative DNA damage. Therefore, our objective was to identify whether healthy adipocytes differentiated for the first time from hASCs, when receiving inflammatory signals induced with TNFα, were able to persistently activate the DNA Damage Response and thus trigger adipocyte dysfunction. We found that TNFα at similar levels circulating in obese humans induce a sustained response to DNA damage response as part of the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype. This mechanism shows the impact of inflammatory environment early affect adipocyte function, independently of aging.
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Li L, Xu Y, Wang X, Liu J, Hu X, Tan D, Li Z, Guo J. Ascorbic acid accelerates Wallerian degeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1078-1085. [PMID: 33269753 PMCID: PMC8224114 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wallerian degeneration occurs after peripheral nerve injury and provides a beneficial microenvironment for nerve regeneration. Our previous study demonstrated that ascorbic acid promotes peripheral nerve regeneration, possibly through promoting Schwann cell proliferation and phagocytosis and enhancing macrophage proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis. Because Schwann cells and macrophages are the main cells involved in Wallerian degeneration, we speculated that ascorbic acid may accelerate this degenerative process. To test this hypothesis, 400 mg/kg ascorbic acid was administered intragastrically immediately after sciatic nerve transection, and 200 mg/kg ascorbic acid was then administered intragastrically every day. In addition, rat sciatic nerve explants were treated with 200 μM ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid significantly accelerated the degradation of myelin basic protein-positive myelin and neurofilament 200-positive axons in both the transected nerves and nerve explants. Furthermore, ascorbic acid inhibited myelin-associated glycoprotein expression, increased c-Jun expression in Schwann cells, and increased both the number of macrophages and the amount of myelin fragments in the macrophages. These findings suggest that ascorbic acid accelerates Wallerian degeneration by accelerating the degeneration of axons and myelin in the injured nerve, promoting the dedifferentiation of Schwann cells, and enhancing macrophage recruitment and phagocytosis. The study was approved by the Southern Medical University Animal Care and Use Committee (approval No. SMU-L2015081) on October 15, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University; Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianghai Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China;, China
| | - Jingmin Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China;, China
| | - Xiaofang Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China;, China
| | - Dandan Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiasong Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering; Department of Spine Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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11
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Wang T, Cao L, He S, Long K, Wang X, Yu H, Ma B, Xu X, Li W. Small RNA sequencing reveals a novel tsRNA-06018 playing an important role during adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12736-12749. [PMID: 32939933 PMCID: PMC7686998 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNA derivative, are able to regulate a wide range of biological processes. What role these tsRNAs play in the regulation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) adipogenic differentiation remains uncertain. We induced the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal cells (hMSCs) and then performed small RNA transcriptomic sequencing, leading us to identify tsRNA-06018 as a target of interest based upon resultant the tsRNA expression profiles. When tsRNA-06018 was knocked down, this led to the inhibition of adipogenesis and a decrease in adipogenic marker expression. When STC2 was overexpressed, this impaired the adipogenic differentiation of these cells. We further used luciferase reporter assays to confirm that tsRNA-06018 directly binds the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of STC2. In addition, we determined that both knocking down tsRNA-06018 and overexpressing STC2 increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation within cells. We also assessed that the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs in which tsRNA-06018 was knocked down was further enhanced upon the addition of the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 as compared tsRNA-06018 knockdown alone. Taken together, using small RNA sequencing we profiled tsRNAs in hMSCs during the process of adipogenesis, leading us to identify tsRNA-06018 as a novel regulator of this differentiation process. This tsRNA was able to regulate adipogenic differentiation by targeting STC2 via the ERK1/2 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‐medicine of Jiangxi ProvinceJiujiang UniversityJiujiangChina
| | - Lingling Cao
- Department of EndocrinologyJiujiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang UniversityJiujiangChina
| | - Shan He
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‐medicine of Jiangxi ProvinceJiujiang UniversityJiujiangChina
| | - Kai Long
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‐medicine of Jiangxi ProvinceJiujiang UniversityJiujiangChina
| | - Xinping Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‐medicine of Jiangxi ProvinceJiujiang UniversityJiujiangChina
| | - Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‐medicine of Jiangxi ProvinceJiujiang UniversityJiujiangChina
| | - Baicheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‐medicine of Jiangxi ProvinceJiujiang UniversityJiujiangChina
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‐medicine of Jiangxi ProvinceJiujiang UniversityJiujiangChina
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‐medicine of Jiangxi ProvinceJiujiang UniversityJiujiangChina
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12
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Wang T, Mei J, Li X, Xu X, Ma B, Li W. A novel tsRNA-16902 regulating the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:365. [PMID: 32831139 PMCID: PMC7444066 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a recently discovered form of non-coding RNA capable of regulating myriad physiological processes. The role of tsRNAs in hMSC adipogenic differentiation, however, remains incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the novel tsRNA-16902 as a regulator of hMSC adipogenic differentiation. METHODS In this study, we conducted transcriptomic sequencing of hMSCs after inducing their adipogenic differentiation, and we were thereby able to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the role of tsRNA-16902 in this context via a series of molecular biology methods. RESULTS When we knocked down tsRNA-16902 expression, this impaired hMSC adipogenic differentiation and associated marker gene expression. Bioinformatics analyses further revealed tsRNA-16902 to target retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ). Luciferase reporter assays also confirmed the ability of tsRNA-16902 to bind to the RARγ 3'-untranslated region. Consistent with this, RARγ overexpression led to impaired hMSC adipogenesis. Further analyses revealed that Smad2/3 phosphorylation was increased in cells that either overexpressed RARγ or in which tsRNA-16902 had been knocked down. We also assessed the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs in which tsRNA-16902 was knocked down and at the same time a Smad2/3 inhibitor was added to disrupt Smad2/3 phosphorylation. The adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs in which tsRNA-16902 was knocked down was further enhanced upon the addition of a Smad2/3 signaling inhibitor relative to tsRNA-16902 knockdown alone. CONCLUSIONS Through a comprehensive profiling analysis of tsRNAs that were differentially expressed in the context of hMSC adipogenic differentiation, we were able to identify tsRNA-16902 as a previously uncharacterized regulator of adipogenesis. tsRNA-16902 is able to regulate hMSC adipogenic differentiation by targeting RARγ via the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Together, our results may thus highlight novel strategies of value for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
| | - Jun Mei
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Xingnuan Li
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Baicheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
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Adipose Stem Cells from Lipedema and Control Adipose Tissue Respond Differently to Adipogenic Stimulation In Vitro. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 144:623-632. [PMID: 31461015 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipedema is characterized by localized accumulation of fat in the extremities, which is typically unresponsive to dietary regimens or physical activity. Although the disease is well described and has a high incidence, little is known regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathophysiology of lipedema adipose cells in vitro. METHODS Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from lipoaspirates derived from lipedema and nonlipedema patients undergoing tumescent liposuction. In vitro differentiation studies were performed for up to 14 days using adipogenic or regular culture medium. Supernatants and cell lysates were tested for adiponectin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor-1, aromatase (CYP19A1), and interleukin-8 content at days 7 and 14, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Adipogenesis was evaluated by visualizing and measuring cytoplasmic lipid accumulation. RESULTS Lipedema adipose-derived stem cells showed impeded adipogenesis already at early stages of in vitro differentiation. Concomitant with a strongly reduced cytoplasmic lipid accumulation, significantly lower amounts of adiponectin and leptin were detectable in supernatants from lipedema adipose-derived stem cells and adipocytes compared with control cells. In addition, lipedema and nonlipedema cells differed in their expression of insulin-like growth factor-1, aromatase (CYP19A1), and interleukin-8 and in their proliferative activity. CONCLUSIONS The authors' findings indicate that in vitro adipogenesis of lipedema adipose-derived stem cells is severely hampered compared with nonlipedema adipose-derived stem cells. Lipedema adipose cells differ not only in their lipid storage capacity but also in their adipokine expression pattern. This might serve as a valuable marker for diagnosis of lipedema, probably from an early stage on.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The age-related accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) negatively impacts bone metabolism and hematopoiesis. This review provides an overview about BMAT-secreted factors as biomarkers for BMAT accumulation and osteoporosis risk. RECENT FINDINGS The adipokines leptin and adiponectin are regulators of BMAT. It remains to be clarified if locally produced adipokines substantially contribute to their peripheral serum levels and if they influence bone metabolism beyond that of extraosseous adipokine production. Existing data also suggests that BMAT disturbs bone metabolism primarily through palmitate-mediated toxic effects on osteoblasts and osteocytes, including dysregulated autophagy and apoptosis. BMAT-secreted factors are important modulators of bone metabolism. However, the majority of our understanding about MAT-secreted factors and their paracrine and endocrine effects is derived from in vitro studies and animal experiments. Therefore, more research is needed before BMAT-secreted biomarkers can be applied in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15/1, 8036, Graz, Austria.
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15
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Hassanlou L, Meshgini S, Alizadeh E. Evaluating adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by a deep learning method for automatic lipid droplet counting. Comput Biol Med 2019; 112:103365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bába LI, Kolcsár M, Kun IZ, Ulakcsai Z, Bagaméry F, Szökő É, Tábi T, Gáll Z. Effects of Cariprazine, Aripiprazole, and Olanzapine on Mouse Fibroblast Culture: Changes in Adiponectin Contents in Supernatants, Triglyceride Accumulation, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55050160. [PMID: 31108997 PMCID: PMC6571602 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The use of the dopamine-partial agonist subclass (also termed dopamine stabilizers) of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of negative schizophrenia symptoms and some mood disorders has increased recently. Similar to other second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), aripiprazole (ARI) and cariprazine (CAR) also influence food intake, but the peripheral effects of these drugs on adipose–tissue homeostasis, including adipokine secretion as well as lipo- and adipogenesis, are not fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the adipocyte-related mechanisms induced by second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), leading to changes in peripheral signals involved in energy homeostasis. Materials and Methods: CAR, a new SGA, was compared with ARI and olanzapine (OLA), using cell cultures to study adipogenesis, and the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) was measured in adipocytes derived from mouse fibroblasts, by western blotting on days 7, 14, and 21 postinduction. The triglyceride (TG) content of the cells was also evaluated on day 15 using Oil Red O staining, and the adiponectin (AN) content in the cell culture supernatants was quantified on days 7 and 15 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cells were treated with two concentrations of ARI (0.5 and 20 µg/mL), OLA (1 and 20 µg/mL), and CAR (0.1 and 2 µg/mL). Results: Both concentrations of ARI and OLA, as well as the lower concentration of CAR, significantly increased the TG contents. The AN levels in the supernatants were significantly increased by the higher concentration of ARI on days 7 and 15 (p < 0.05). Although PPAR-γ levels were not significantly affected by ARI and OLA, the lower concentration of CAR induced a significant time-dependent decrease in PPAR-γ expression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The in vitro adipogenesis considered from TG accumulation, AN secretion, and PPAR-γ expression was differently influenced by ARI, CAR, and OLA. Understanding the adipocyte-related mechanisms of antipsychotics could contribute to understanding their weight-influencing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- László-István Bába
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureș, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Melinda Kolcsár
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureș, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Imre Zoltán Kun
- Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureș, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Zsófia Ulakcsai
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Fruzsina Bagaméry
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Éva Szökő
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Gáll
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureș, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, Romania.
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Li Y, Meng Y, Yu X. The Unique Metabolic Characteristics of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:69. [PMID: 30800100 PMCID: PMC6375842 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is distinct from white adipose tissue (WAT) or brown adipose tissue (BAT) for its location, feature and function. As a largely ignored adipose depot, it is situated in bone marrow space and resided with bone tissue side-by-side. MAT is considered not only as a regulator of bone metabolism through paracrine, but also as a functionally particular adipose tissue that may contribute to global metabolism. Adipokines, inflammatory factors and other molecules derived from bone marrow adipocytes may exert systematic effects. In this review, we summary the evidence from several aspects including development, distribution, histological features and phenotype to elaborate the basic characteristics of MAT. We discuss the association between bone metabolism and MAT, and highlight our current understanding of this special adipose tissue. We further demonstrate the probable relationship between MAT and energy metabolism, as well as glucose metabolism. On the basis of preliminary results from animal model and clinical studies, we propose that MAT has its unique secretory and metabolic function, although there is no in-depth study at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Li
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Meng
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xijie Yu ;
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Synergistic Effect of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix on Adipogenesis and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase: A Network Pharmacological Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5269731. [PMID: 30210572 PMCID: PMC6126083 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5269731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health threat in developed countries. However, current medications for obesity are limited because of their adverse effects. Interest in natural products for the treatment of obesity is thus rapidly growing. Korean medicine is characterized by the wide use of herbal formulas. However, the combination rule of herbal formulas in Korean medicine lacks experimental evidence. According to Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, the earliest book of herbal medicine, Bupleuri Radix (BR) and Scutellariae Radix (SR) possess the Sangsoo relationship, which means they have synergistic features when used together. Therefore these two are frequently used together in prescriptions such as Sosiho-Tang. In this study, we used the network pharmacological method to predict the interaction between these two herbs and then investigated the effects of BR, SR, and their combination on obesity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. BR, SR, and BR-SR mixture significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of two major adipogenic factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPα), and their downstream genes, Adipoq, aP2, and Lipin1 in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the BR-SR mixture had synergistic effects compared with BR or SR on inhibition of adipogenic-gene expressions. BR and SR also inhibited the protein expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα. Furthermore, the two extracts successfully activated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK α), the key regulator of energy metabolism. When compared to those of BR or SR, the BR-SR mixture showed higher inhibition rates of PPARγ and C/EBPα, along with higher activation rate of AMPK. These results indicate a new potential antiobese pharmacotherapy and also provide scientific evidence supporting the usage of herbal combinations instead of mixtures in Korean medicine.
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Goudarzi F, Sarveazad A, Mahmoudi M, Mohammadalipour A, Chahardoli R, Malekshah OM, Karimi Gorgani S, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. Combined effect of retinoic acid and calcium on the in vitro differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells to adipocytes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:109-118. [PMID: 28850272 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1367009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It has been shown that adipogenesis can be modulated by factors such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and calcium. OBJECTIVE To determine, the combined effect of ATRA and calcium on the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). METHODS Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were differentiated into the adipocytes by 0.5 and 1 µM of ATRA and 5 and 10 mM calcium separately or in combination. After MTS assay the differentiation of MSCs to adipocyte was evaluated, Oil Red O staining, GLUT4 concentration and gene expression of PPARG2, adiponectin, and GLUT4 were measured by Real-Time PCR. RESULTS Except 10 mM calcium treated group, other groups and more significantly combination treatments could reduce all adipocyte markers compared to the control. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ATRA and calcium together have significant inhibitory effect on adipogenesis that can be helpful for finding new mechanisms to prevent or control the adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farjam Goudarzi
- a Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Arash Sarveazad
- b Colorectal Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- c Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Adel Mohammadalipour
- a Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Reza Chahardoli
- c Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Obeid M Malekshah
- d Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , NJ , USA
| | - Shiva Karimi Gorgani
- e Health Information Management Department , Paramedical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- f Department of Immunology, School of Public Health , Tehran University of Medical sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Li DW, He J, He FL, Liu YL, Liu YY, Ye YJ, Deng X, Yin DC. Silk fibroin/chitosan thin film promotes osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomater Appl 2018; 32:1164-1173. [PMID: 29471713 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218757767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As a biodegradable polymer thin film, silk fibroin/chitosan composite film overcomes the defects of pure silk fibroin and chitosan films, respectively, and shows remarkable biocompatibility, appropriate hydrophilicity and mechanical properties. Silk fibroin/chitosan thin film can be used not only as metal implant coating for bone injury repair, but also as tissue engineering scaffold for skin, cornea, adipose, and other soft tissue injury repair. However, the biocompatibility of silk fibroin/chitosan thin film for mesenchymal stem cells, a kind of important seed cell of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, is rarely reported. In this study, silk fibroin/chitosan film was prepared by solvent casting method, and the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the silk fibroin/chitosan thin film. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were induced, respectively. The proliferation ability, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation abilities of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were systematically compared between silk fibroin/chitosan thin film and polystyrene tissue culture plates. The results showed that silk fibroin/chitosan thin film not only provided a comparable environment for the growth and proliferation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells but also promoted their osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. This work provided information of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells behavior on silk fibroin/chitosan thin film and extended the application of silk fibroin/chitosan thin film. Based on the results, we suggested that the silk fibroin/chitosan thin film could be a promising material for tissue engineering of bone, cartilage, adipose, and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, 26487 Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jin He
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, 26487 Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Li He
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, 26487 Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, 26487 Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, 26487 Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Jing Ye
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, 26487 Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Deng
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, 26487 Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Da-Chuan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, 26487 Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, P.R. China
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Nascimento EBM, Sparks LM, Divoux A, van Gisbergen MW, Broeders EPM, Jörgensen JA, Schaart G, Bouvy ND, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Schrauwen P. Genetic Markers of Brown Adipose Tissue Identity and In Vitro Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:135-140. [PMID: 29178600 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity decreases with age and obesity. In addition to uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), several genetic markers of BAT in humans have been published. However, the link between human BAT activity and genetic markers has been inadequately explored. METHODS White adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT biopsies were obtained from 16 patients undergoing deep neck surgery. In vitro differentiated adipocytes were used to measure norepinephrine-stimulated mitochondrial uncoupling as a measure of in vitro BAT activity. Gene expression was determined in adipose tissue biopsies. RESULTS Norepinephrine increased in vitro BAT activity in adipocytes derived from human BAT, and this increase was abolished by propranolol. Furthermore, in vitro BAT activity showed a negative correlation to age and BMI. UCP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression showed a positive correlation to in vitro BAT activity, while zinc finger protein of cerebellum 1 (ZIC1) mRNA showed a negative correlation to in vitro BAT activity. In human BAT biopsies, UCP1 mRNA showed negative correlations to age and BMI, while ZIC1 mRNA showed positive correlations to age and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Differentiated adipocytes derived from human BAT maintain intrinsic characteristics of the donor. High ZIC1 mRNA does not necessarily reflect high BAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmani B M Nascimento
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Adeline Divoux
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marike W van Gisbergen
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Evie P M Broeders
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General Surgery, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna A Jörgensen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole D Bouvy
- Department of General Surgery, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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22
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Guerra AD, Rose WE, Hematti P, Kao WJ. Minocycline enhances the mesenchymal stromal/stem cell pro-healing phenotype in triple antimicrobial-loaded hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:184-196. [PMID: 28069512 PMCID: PMC5704963 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated pro-healing properties including an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and the promotion of angiogenesis via expression of growth factors in pre-clinical models. MSCs encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGdA) and thiolated gelatin poly(ethylene glycol) (Gel-PEG-Cys) crosslinked hydrogels have led to controlled cellular presentation at wound sites with favorable wound healing outcomes. However, the therapeutic potential of MSC-loaded hydrogels may be limited by non-specific protein adsorption on the delivery matrix that could facilitate the initial adhesion of microorganisms and subsequent virulent biofilm formation. Antimicrobials loaded concurrently in the hydrogels with MSCs could reduce microbial bioburden and promote healing, but the antimicrobial effect on the MSC wound healing capacity and the antibacterial efficacy of the hydrogels is unknown. We demonstrate that minocycline specifically induces a favorable change in MSC migration capacity, proliferation, gene expression, extracellular matrix (ECM) attachment, and adhesion molecule and growth factor release with subsequent increased angiogenesis. We then demonstrate that hydrogels loaded with MSCs, minocycline, vancomycin, and linezolid can significantly decrease bacterial bioburden. Our study suggests that minocycline can serve as a dual mechanism for the regenerative capacity of MSCs and the reduction of bioburden in triple antimicrobial-loaded hydrogels. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Wound healing is a complex biological process that can be hindered by bacterial infection, excessive inflammation, and inadequate microvasculature. In this study, we develop a new formulation of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and thiolated gelatin poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked hydrogels loaded with minocycline, vancomycin, linezolid, and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells that induces a favorable wound healing phenotype in mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and prevents bacterial bioburden on the hydrogel. This combinatorial approach to biomaterial development has the potential to impact wound healing for contaminated full thickness cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Daniel Guerra
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Warren E Rose
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Peiman Hematti
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - W John Kao
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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23
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Sulston RJ, Cawthorn WP. Bone marrow adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: close to the bone? Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 28:21-38. [PMID: 27149203 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a major endocrine organ, secreting a diverse range of hormones, lipid species, cytokines and other factors to exert diverse local and systemic effects. These secreted products, known as 'adipokines', contribute extensively to WAT's impact on physiology and disease. Adipocytes also exist in the bone marrow (BM), but unlike WAT, study of this bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) has been relatively limited. We recently discovered that MAT contributes to circulating adiponectin, an adipokine that mediates cardiometabolic benefits. Moreover, we found that MAT expansion exerts systemic effects. Together, these observations identify MAT as an endocrine organ. Additional studies are revealing further secretory functions of MAT, including production of other adipokines, cytokines and lipids that exert local effects within bone. These observations suggest that, like WAT, MAT has secretory functions with diverse potential effects, both locally and systemically. A major limitation is that these findings are often based on in vitro approaches that may not faithfully recapitulate the characteristics and functions of BM adipocytes in vivo. This underscores the need to develop improved methods for in vivo analysis of MAT function, including more robust transgenic models for MAT targeting, and continued development of techniques for non-invasive analysis of MAT quantity and quality in humans. Although many aspects of MAT formation and function remain poorly understood, MAT is now attracting increasing research focus; hence, there is much promise for further advances in our understanding of MAT as an endocrine organ, and how MAT impacts human health and disease.
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24
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Franco FDO, Lopes MA, Henriques FDS, Neves RXD, Bianchi Filho C, Batista ML. Cancer cachexia differentially regulates visceral adipose tissue turnover. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:493-500. [PMID: 28053001 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a progressive metabolic syndrome that is marked by severe body weight loss. Metabolic disarrangement of fat tissues is a very early event in CC, followed by adipose tissue (AT) atrophy and remodelling. However, there is little information regarding the possible involvement of cellular turnover in this process. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the effect of CC on AT turnover and fibrosis of mesenteric (MEAT) and retroperitoneal (RPAT) adipose tissue depots as possible factors that contribute to AT atrophy. CC was induced by a subcutaneous injection of Walker tumour cells (2 × 107) in Wistar rats, and control animals received only saline. The experimental rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: 0 days, 4 days, 7 days and 14 days after injection. AT turnover was analysed according to the Pref1/Adiponectin ratio of gene expression from the stromal vascular fraction and pro-apoptotic CASPASE3 and CASPASE9 from MEAT and RPAT. Fibrosis was verified according to the total collagen levels and expression of extracellular matrix genes. AT turnover was verified by measurements of lipolytic protein expression. We found that the Pref1/Adiponectin ratio was decreased in RPAT (81.85%, P < 0.05) with no changes in MEAT compared with the respective controls. CASPASE3 and CASPASE9 were activated on day 14 only in RPAT. Collagen was increased on day 7 in RPAT (127%) and MEAT (4.3-fold). The Collagen1A1, Collagen3A1, Mmp2 and Mmp9 mRNA levels were upregulated only in MEAT in CC. Lipid turnover was verified in RPAT and was not modified in CC. We concluded that the results suggest that CC affects RPAT cellular turnover, which may be determinant for RPAT atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Oliveira Franco
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue BiologyCenter for Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Magno Alves Lopes
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue BiologyCenter for Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dos Santos Henriques
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue BiologyCenter for Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Xavier das Neves
- Cancer Metabolism Research GroupInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesário Bianchi Filho
- Center for Clinical and Translational ResearchUniversity of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Miguel Luiz Batista
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue BiologyCenter for Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
- Cancer Metabolism Research GroupInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Morrison SA, Goss AM, Azziz R, Raju DA, Gower BA. Peri-muscular adipose tissue may play a unique role in determining insulin sensitivity/resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2016; 32:185-192. [PMID: 27827322 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do the determinants of insulin sensitivity/resistance differ in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Peri-muscular thigh adipose tissue is uniquely associated with insulin sensitivity/resistance in women with PCOS, whereas adiponectin and thigh subcutaneous adipose are the main correlates of insulin sensitivity/resistance in women without PCOS. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In subject populations without PCOS, insulin sensitivity/resistance is determined by body fat distribution and circulating concentrations of hormones and pro-inflammatory mediators. Specifically, visceral (intra-abdominal) adipose tissue mass is adversely associated with insulin sensitivity, whereas thigh subcutaneous adipose appears protective against metabolic disease. Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing hormone produced by healthy subcutaneous adipose that may mediate the protective effect of thigh subcutaneous adipose. Testosterone, which is elevated in PCOS, may have an adverse effect on insulin sensitivity/resistance. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cross-sectional study of 30 women with PCOS and 38 women without PCOS; data were collected between 2007 and 2011. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants were group-matched for obesity, as reflected in BMI (Mean ± SD; PCOS: 31.8 ± 6.0 kg/m2; without PCOS: 31.5 ± 5.0 kg/m2). The whole-body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) was assessed using a mixed-meal tolerance test; Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was determined from fasting insulin and glucose values. Adipose tissue distribution was determined by computed tomography (CT) scan. Partial correlation analysis, adjusting for total fat mass, was used to identify correlates of WBISI and HOMA-IR within each group of women from measures of body composition, body fat distribution, reproductive-endocrine hormones and adipokines/cytokines. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the variables that best predicted WBISI and HOMA-IR. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Among women with PCOS, both WBISI and HOMA-IR were best predicted by peri-muscular adipose tissue cross-sectional area. Among women without PCOS, both WBISI and HOMA-IR were best predicted by adiponectin and thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Small sample size, group matching for BMI and age, and the use of surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity/resistance. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Because insulin resistance is the root cause of obesity and comorbidities in PCOS, determining its cause could lead to potential therapies. Present results suggest that peri-muscular adipose tissue may play a unique role in determining insulin sensitivity/resistance in women with PCOS. Interventions such as restriction of dietary carbohydrates that have been shown to selectively reduce fatty infiltration of skeletal muscle may decrease the risk for type 2 diabetes in women with PCOS. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01HD054960, R01DK67538, P30DK56336, P60DK079626, M014RR00032 and UL1RR025777. The authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00726908.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon A Morrison
- Department of Families, Communities, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Amy M Goss
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 616A Webb Building, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dheeraj A Raju
- Department of Families, Communities, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 616A Webb Building, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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26
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da Silva Meirelles L, de Deus Wagatsuma VM, Malta TM, Bonini Palma PV, Araújo AG, Panepucci RA, Silva WA, Kashima S, Covas DT. The gene expression profile of non-cultured, highly purified human adipose tissue pericytes: Transcriptomic evidence that pericytes are stem cells in human adipose tissue. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:239-254. [PMID: 27789253 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) are a subset of perivascular cells that can give rise to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) when culture-expanded, and are postulated to give rise to MSC-like cells during tissue repair in vivo. PCs have been suggested to behave as stem cells (SCs) in situ in animal models, although evidence for this role in humans is lacking. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomes of highly purified, non-cultured adipose tissue (AT)-derived PCs (ATPCs) to detect gene expression changes that occur as they acquire MSC characteristics in vitro, and evaluated the hypothesis that human ATPCs exhibit a gene expression profile compatible with an AT SC phenotype. The results showed ATPCs are non-proliferative and express genes characteristic not only of PCs, but also of AT stem/progenitor cells. Additional analyses defined a gene expression signature for ATPCs, and revealed putative novel ATPC markers. Almost all AT stem/progenitor cell genes differentially expressed by ATPCs were not expressed by ATMSCs or culture-expanded ATPCs. Genes expressed by ATMSCs but not by ATPCs were also identified. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that PCs are SCs in vascularized tissues, highlight gene expression changes they undergo as they assume an MSC phenotype, and provide new insights into PC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindolfo da Silva Meirelles
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Virgínia Mara de Deus Wagatsuma
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tathiane Maistro Malta
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Viana Bonini Palma
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amélia Goes Araújo
- Laboratory of Large-Scale Functional Biology (LLSFBio), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alexandre Panepucci
- Laboratory of Large-Scale Functional Biology (LLSFBio), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), Regional Center for Hemotherapy of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo 2501, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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27
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Dülk M, Kudlik G, Fekete A, Ernszt D, Kvell K, Pongrácz JE, Merő BL, Szeder B, Radnai L, Geiszt M, Csécsy DE, Kovács T, Uher F, Lányi Á, Vas V, Buday L. The scaffold protein Tks4 is required for the differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34280. [PMID: 27711054 PMCID: PMC5053279 DOI: 10.1038/srep34280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The commitment steps of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to adipogenic and other lineages have been widely studied but not fully understood. Therefore, it is critical to understand which molecules contribute to the conversion of stem cells into differentiated cells. The scaffold protein Tks4 plays a role in podosome formation, EGFR signaling and ROS production. Dysfunction of Tks4 causes a hereditary disease called Frank-ter Haar syndrome with a variety of defects concerning certain mesenchymal tissues (bone, fat and cartilage) throughout embryogenic and postnatal development. In this study, we aimed to analyze how the mutation of Tks4 affects the differentiation potential of multipotent bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs). We generated a Tks4 knock-out mouse strain on C57Bl/6 background, and characterized BM-MSCs isolated from wild type and Tks4-/- mice to evaluate their differentiation. Tks4-/- BM-MSCs had reduced ability to differentiate into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages compared to wild type. Studying the expression profile of a panel of lipid-regulated genes during adipogenic induction revealed that the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, genes responsible for lipid droplet formation, sterol and fatty acid metabolism was delayed or reduced in Tks4-/- BM-MSCs. Taken together, these results establish a novel function for Tks4 in the regulation of MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metta Dülk
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kudlik
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Fekete
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Ernszt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Hungary
| | - Judit E Pongrácz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balázs L Merő
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szeder
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Radnai
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.,"Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dalma E Csécsy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kovács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Uher
- Stem Cell Biology, National Blood Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Lányi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Virag Vas
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Buday
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Guneta V, Tan NS, Chan SKJ, Tanavde V, Lim TC, Wong TCM, Choong C. Comparative study of adipose-derived stem cells and bone marrow-derived stem cells in similar microenvironmental conditions. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:155-164. [PMID: 27658569 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which were first isolated from the bone marrow, are now being extracted from various other tissues in the body, including the adipose tissue. The current study presents systematic evidence of how the adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Bm-MSCs) behave when cultured in specific pro-adipogenic microenvironments. The cells were first characterized and identified as MSCs in terms of their morphology, phenotypic expression, self-renewal capabilities and multi-lineage potential. Subsequently, the proliferation and gene expression profiles of the cell populations cultured on two-dimensional (2D) adipose tissue extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated tissue culture plastic (TCP) and in three-dimensional (3D) AlgiMatrix® microenvironments were analyzed. Overall, it was found that adipogenesis was triggered in both cell populations due to the presence of adipose tissue ECM. However, in 3D microenvironments, ASCs and Bm-MSCs were predisposed to the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages respectively. Overall, findings from this study will contribute to ongoing efforts in adipose tissue engineering as well as provide new insights into the role of the ECM and cues provided by the immediate microenvironment for stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipra Guneta
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A⁎STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Soon Kiat Jeremy Chan
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Vivek Tanavde
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology & Research (A⁎STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Thiam Chye Lim
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH) and National University of Singapore (NUS), Kent Ridge Wing, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Thien Chong Marcus Wong
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Section, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), 11, Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Cleo Choong
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
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29
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Zhu XY, Ma S, Eirin A, Woollard JR, Hickson LJ, Sun D, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Functional Plasticity of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells During Development of Obesity. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:893-900. [PMID: 27177576 PMCID: PMC4922846 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the hypothesis that microenvironmental inflammatory changes during development of metabolic disorders in obesity affect adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) function. It was found that adipose tissue inflammation promotes an increase in resident adipocyte progenitors and upregulated tumor necrosis factor-α enhances ASC adipogenesis. Thus, adipose tissue anti-inflammatory strategies might be a novel target to attenuate obesity and its complications. Obesity is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Expansion of the adipose mass requires adipocyte precursor cells that originate from multipotent adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs), which in turn also participate in repair activities. ASC function might decline in a disease milieu, but it remains unclear whether ASC function varies during the development of obesity. We tested the hypothesis that microenvironmental inflammatory changes during development of metabolic disorders in obesity affect ASC function. Domestic pigs were fed with an atherogenic (n = 7) or normal (n = 7) diet for 16 weeks. Abdominal adipose tissue biopsies were collected after 8, 12, and 16 weeks of diet for ASC isolation and immunohistochemistry of in situ ASCs and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Longitudinal changes in proliferation, differentiation, and anti-inflammatory functions of ASCs were assessed. At 16 weeks, upregulated TNF-α expression in adipose tissue from obese pigs was accompanied by increased numbers of adipocyte progenitors (CD24+/CD34+) in adipose tissue and enlarged adipocyte size. In vitro, ASCs from obese pigs showed enhanced adipogenic and osteogenic propensity, which was abolished by anti-TNF-α treatment, whereas lean ASCs treated with TNF-α showed enhanced adipogenesis. Furthermore, obese ASCs showed increased senescence compared with lean ASCs, whereas their immunomodulatory capacity was preserved. Adipose tissue inflammation promotes an increase in resident adipocyte progenitors and upregulated TNF-α enhances ASC adipogenesis. Thus, adipose tissue anti-inflammatory strategies might be a novel target to attenuate obesity and its complications. Significance Adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) function might decline in a disease milieu, but it remains unclear whether ASC function varies during the development of obesity. This study tested the hypothesis that microenvironmental inflammatory changes during development of metabolic disorders in obesity affect ASC function. It was found that ASCs show increased propensity for differentiation into adipocytes, which is partly mediated by upregulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), likely in their adipose tissue microenvironment. Furthermore, TNF-α magnified obese ASC senescence, although it did not regulate their anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, adipose tissue inflammation might be a novel therapeutic target to avert ASC maldifferentiation and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John R Woollard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - LaTonya J Hickson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dong Sun
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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30
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Hsiao AY, Okitsu T, Teramae H, Takeuchi S. 3D Tissue Formation of Unilocular Adipocytes in Hydrogel Microfibers. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:548-56. [PMID: 26680212 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, an active metabolic and endocrine organ mainly composed of unilocular adipocytes, is implicated in various obesity related diseases. Developing morphologically and functionally accurate in vitro models of the adipose tissue is therefore critically important for basic biological studies, drug screening/testing, and clinical implants to advance the understanding and treatment of these diseases. However, current adipose tissue engineering technologies either cannot replicate the unilocular morphologies of mature adipocytes, or lack the ease of monitoring, handling, and scaling up required in the above mentioned applications. This paper presents the differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) to mature adipocytes in highly observable and highly handleable 3D fiber shaped constructs exhibiting morphologies and functions of native adipose tissues. Using the cell fiber technology, ADSCs were encapsulated in hydrogel microfibers, allowed to form into fiber shaped constructs, and differentiated to mature unilocular adipocytes. These adipocyte fibers are observed and maintained for up to 91 d, and secretion of adipose tissue-specific factor, adiponectin, is further confirmed. The handleability of the adipocyte fibers is demonstrated by assembling the adipocyte fibers into doll shaped constructs. Such highly observable, highly handleable, and scalable characteristics of the adipocyte fibers make them suitable for biological studies, high-throughput drug screening/testing, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y. Hsiao
- Institute of Industrial Science; The University of Tokyo; 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
- Takeuchi Biohybrid Innovation Project; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO); Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
| | - Teru Okitsu
- Institute of Industrial Science; The University of Tokyo; 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
- Takeuchi Biohybrid Innovation Project; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO); Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
| | - Hiroki Teramae
- Faculty of Teacher Education; Shumei University; 1-1 Daigaku-cho Yachiyo City Chiba 276-0003 Japan
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science; The University of Tokyo; 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
- Takeuchi Biohybrid Innovation Project; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO); Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
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31
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Osteogenesis of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells in self assembling peptide nanofiber for healing critical size calvarial bony defect. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16681. [PMID: 26568114 PMCID: PMC4645224 DOI: 10.1038/srep16681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) may be easily harvested from patients, permitting autologous grafts for bone tissue engineering in the future. However, the PBMSC’s capabilities of survival, osteogenesis and production of new bone matrix in the defect area are still unclear. Herein, PBMSCs were seeded into a nanofiber scaffold of self-assembling peptide (SAP) and cultured in osteogenic medium. The results indicated SAP can serve as a promising scaffold for PBMSCs survival and osteogenic differentiation in 3D conditions. Furthermore, the SAP seeded with the induced PBMSCs was splinted by two membranes of poly(lactic)-glycolic acid (PLGA) to fabricate a composited scaffold which was then used to repair a critical-size calvarial bone defect model in rat. Twelve weeks later the defect healing and mineralization were assessed by H&E staining and microcomputerized tomography (micro-CT). The osteogenesis and new bone formation of grafted cells in the scaffold were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge this is the first report with solid evidence demonstrating PBMSCs can survive in the bone defect area and directly contribute to new bone formation. Moreover, the present data also indicated the tissue engineering with PBMSCs/SAP/PLGA scaffold can serve as a novel prospective strategy for healing large size cranial defects.
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Frisch J, Rey-Rico A, Venkatesan JK, Schmitt G, Madry H, Cucchiarini M. Chondrogenic Differentiation Processes in Human Bone Marrow Aspirates upon rAAV-Mediated Gene Transfer and Overexpression of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2460-71. [PMID: 26123891 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct therapeutic gene transfer in marrow concentrates is an attractive strategy to conveniently enhance the chondrogenic differentiation processes as a means to improve the healing response of damaged articular cartilage upon reimplantation in sites of injury. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of the clinically adapted recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors to mediate overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in human bone marrow aspirates that may modulate the proliferative, anabolic activities, and chondrogenic differentiation potential in such samples in vitro. The results demonstrate that successful, significant rAAV-mediated IGF-I gene transfer and expression were achieved in transduced aspirates (up to 105.9±35.1 pg rhIGF-I/mg total proteins) over time (21 days) at very high levels (∼80% of cells expressing the candidate IGF-I transgene), leading to increased levels of proliferation, matrix synthesis, and chondrogenic differentiation over time compared with the control (lacZ) condition. Treatment with the candidate IGF-I vector also stimulated the hypertrophic and osteogenic differentiation processes in the aspirates, suggesting that the regulation of IGF-I expression through rAAV will be a prerequisite for future translation of the approach in vivo. However, these findings show the possible benefits of this vector class to directly modify marrow concentrates as a convenient tool for strategies that aim at improving the repair of articular cartilage lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Frisch
- 1 Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ana Rey-Rico
- 1 Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Gertrud Schmitt
- 1 Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- 1 Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg/Saar, Germany .,2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- 1 Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg/Saar, Germany
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