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Qayyum MF, Khan DES, Alghanem SMS, Sakit Alhaithloul HA, Alsudays IM, Rizwan M, Hong Yong JW. Agricultural waste-based modified biochars differentially affected the soil properties, growth, and nutrient accumulation by maize (Zea mays L.) plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:498. [PMID: 38834982 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is an organic compound formed by the pyrolysis of organic wastes. Application of BCs as soil amendments has many benefits including carbon sequestration, enhanced soil fertility and sustainable agriculture production. In the present study, we acidified the different BCs prepared from rice straw, rice husk, wheat straw, cotton stalk, poultry manure, sugarcane press mud and vegetable waste; following which, we applied them in a series of pot experiments. Comparisons were made between acidified and non- acidified BCs for their effects on seed germination, soil properties (EC, pH) nutrient contents (P, K, Na) and organic matter. The treatments comprised of a control, and all above-described BCs (acidified as well as non-acidified) applied to soil at the rate of 1% (w/w). The maize crop was selected as a test crop. The results showed that acidified poultry manure BC significantly improved germination percentage, shoot length, and biomass of maize seedlings as compared to other BCs and their respective control plants. However, acidified BCs caused a significant decrease in nutrient contents (P, K, Na) of soil,maize seedlings, and the soil organic matter contents as compared to non- acidified BCs. But when compared with control treatments, all BCs treatments (acidified and non-acidified) delivered higher levels of nutrients and organic matter contents. It was concluded that none of the BCs (acidified and non-acidified) had caused negative effect on soil conditions and growth of maize. In addition, the acidification of BC prior to its application to alkaline soils might had altered soil chemistry and delivered better maize growth. Moving forward, more research is needed to understand the long-term effects of modified BCs on nutrient dynamics in different soils. In addition, the possible effects of BC application timings, application rates, particle size, and crop species have to be evaluated systemtically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Dur-E-Sameen Khan
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, 23456, Sweden.
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Pourrostami Niavol K, Bordoloi A, Suri R. An overview of the occurrence, impact of process parameters, and the fate of antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic digestion processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:41745-41774. [PMID: 38853230 PMCID: PMC11219439 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have emerged as a significant global health threat, contributing to fatalities worldwide. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and livestock farms serve as primary reservoirs for these genes due to the limited efficacy of existing treatment methods and microbial adaptation to environmental stressors. Anaerobic digestion (AD) stands as a prevalent biological treatment for managing sewage sludge and manure in these settings. Given the agricultural utility of AD digestate as biofertilizers, understanding ARGs' fate within AD processes is essential to devise effective mitigation strategies. However, understanding the impact of various factors on ARGs occurrence, dissemination, and fate remains limited. This review article explores various AD treatment parameters and correlates to various resistance mechanisms and hotspots of ARGs in the environment. It further evaluates the dissemination and occurrence of ARGs in AD feedstocks and provides a comprehensive understanding of the fate of ARGs in AD systems. This review explores the influence of key AD parameters such as feedstock properties, pretreatments, additives, and operational strategies on ARGs. Results show that properties such as high solid content and optimum co-digestion ratios can enhance ARG removal, while the presence of heavy metals, microplastics, and antibiotics could elevate ARG abundance. Also, operational enhancements, such as employing two-stage digestion, have shown promise in improving ARG removal. However, certain pretreatment methods, like thermal hydrolysis, may exhibit a rebounding effect on ARG levels. Overall, this review systematically addresses current challenges and offers future perspectives associated with the fate of ARGs in AD systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Pourrostami Niavol
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Achinta Bordoloi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Rominder Suri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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3
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Amin MA, Haider G, Rizwan M, Schofield HK, Qayyum MF, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Ali S. Different feedstocks of biochar affected the bioavailability and uptake of heavy metals by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown in metal contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114845. [PMID: 36423665 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) contamination of agricultural soils is an emerging food safety challenge at world level. Therefore, as a possible treatment for the remediation of a HMs contaminated soil (sewage water irrigation for 20-years), the impact of biochar (BC) was investigated on the uptake of HMs by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. The BC was produced from seven different feedstocks (cotton stalks (CSBC), rice straw (RSBC), poultry manure (PMBC), lawn grass (LGBC), vegetable peels (VPBC), maize straw (MSBC), and rice husks (RHBC)). Each BC was applied at 1.25% (dry weight basis, w/w) in contaminated soil and a control was maintained without BC addition and wheat was grown in potted soil and harvested at maturity. Results revealed that the properties of different biochars regulated their effects on soil nutrient and HMs mobility and uptake by plants. The maximum plant phosphorous and potassium uptake and translocation to grain (173.4% and 341%, respectively) was found in RSBC treatment over control. The RHBC, PMBC, and MSBC treatments showed a maximum decrease in grain Cd concentration (32.9%, 33.8%, and 34.1%, respectively) compared to the control. The grain Pb (-41% to -51%, with no significant differences among different treatments) and Ni (-63%) concentrations were also reduced significantly following BC treatments compared to control. The daily intake and health risk index of Cd were significantly decreased due to PMBC (-28.1% and -33.8%, respectively), and MSBC (-28.3% and -34.1%, respectively) treatment over control. The BC treatments significantly increased the translocation factor of Cd in the order of VPBC (52.1%) > LGBC (25.4%) > CSBC (13.6%) > RSBC (12.1%) compared to control. The study demonstrated that the effects of BC on metal uptake in plants varied with feedstocks and suitable BC can be further exploited for the rehabilitation of contaminated soils and thereby ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmar Amin
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Haider
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - H Kate Schofield
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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4
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Ye Y, Hao Ngo H, Guo W, Woong Chang S, Duc Nguyen D, Fu Q, Wei W, Ni B, Cheng D, Liu Y. A critical review on utilization of sewage sludge as environmental functional materials. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127984. [PMID: 36126850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) is increasingly used as an environment functional material to reduce or control pollution and improve plant growth because of the large amounts of carbon and essential plant nutrients in it. To achieve the best application results, it is essential to comprehensively review recent progress in SS utilization. This review aims to fill the gaps in knowledge by describing the properties of SS, and its usage as adsorbents, catalysts and fertilizers, and certain application mechanisms. Although SS generates several benefits for the environment and humans, many challenges still exist to limit the application, including the risks posed by potentially toxic substances (e.g., heavy metals) in SS. Therefore, future research directions are discussed and how to make SS applications more feasible in terms of technology and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bingjie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dongle Cheng
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China
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Ghorbani M, Konvalina P, Walkiewicz A, Neugschwandtner RW, Kopecký M, Zamanian K, Chen WH, Bucur D. Feasibility of Biochar Derived from Sewage Sludge to Promote Sustainable Agriculture and Mitigate GHG Emissions-A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12983. [PMID: 36232283 PMCID: PMC9564516 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) has been connected to a variety of global environmental problems. Assessing the risk of various disposal techniques can be quite useful in recommending appropriate management. The preparation of sewage sludge biochar (SSB) and its impacts on soil characteristics, plant health, nutrient leaching, and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) are critically reviewed in this study. Comparing the features of SSB obtained at various pyrolysis temperatures revealed changes in its elemental content. Lower hydrogen/carbon ratios in SSB generated at higher pyrolysis temperatures point to the existence of more aromatic carbon molecules. Additionally, the preparation of SSB has an increased ash content, a lower yield, and a higher surface area as a result of the rise in pyrolysis temperature. The worldwide potential of SS output and CO2-equivalent emissions in 2050 were predicted as factors of global population and common disposal management in order to create a futuristic strategy and cope with the quantity of abundant global SS. According to estimations, the worldwide SS output and associated CO2-eq emissions were around 115 million tons dry solid (Mt DS) and 14,139 teragrams (Tg), respectively, in 2020. This quantity will rise to about 138 Mt DS sewage sludge and 16985 Tg CO2-eq emissions in 2050, a 20% increase. In this regard, developing and populous countries may support economic growth by utilizing low-cost methods for producing biochar and employing it in local agriculture. To completely comprehend the benefits and drawbacks of SSB as a soil supplement, further study on long-term field applications of SSB is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghorbani
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Konvalina
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Walkiewicz
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Marek Kopecký
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kazem Zamanian
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg August University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, University Road/70101, Tainan 70101, Taiwan or
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Bucur
- Department of Pedotechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
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Efficient Remediation of Cadmium Contamination in Soil by Functionalized Biochar: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in soil seriously harms human health and animal and plant growth. Among them, cadmium pollution is one of the most serious issues. As a promising remediation material for cadmium pollution in soil, functionalized biochar has attracted wide attention in the last decade. This paper summarizes the preparation technology of biochar, the existing forms of heavy metals in soil, the remediation mechanism of biochar for remediating cadmium contamination in soil, and the factors affecting the remediation process, and discusses the latest research advances of functionalized biochar for remediating cadmium contamination in soil. Finally, the challenges encountered by the implementation of biochar for remediating Cd contamination in soil are summarized, and the prospects in this field are highlighted for its expected industrial large-scale implementation.
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7
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Production of pine sawdust biochar supporting phosphate-solubilizing bacteria as an alternative bioinoculant in Allium cepa L., culture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12815. [PMID: 35896796 PMCID: PMC9329452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We produced and characterised biochar made from Caribbean pine sawdust as raw material. The biochar (BC500) was used as biocompatible support to co-inoculate phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (BC500/PSB) on Allium cepa L., plants at a greenhouse scale for four months. The three biomaterials study included proximate analysis, elemental analysis, aromaticity analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), adsorption studies at different pH and PSB stability as a function of time. The results indicated that BC500 is suitable as organic support or solid matrix to maintain the viability of PSB able to solubilise P from phosphate rock (PR). The biofertilizer (BC500/PSB) allows increasing germination, seedling growth, nutrient assimilation, and growth of Allium cepa L., because PSB immobilised on BC500 promoted nutrient mobilisation, particularly P, during cultivation of Allium cepa L., at pots scale. The two treatments to evaluate the biofertilizer (BC500/PSB) showed the highest concentrations of total P with 1.25 ± 0.13 and 1.38 ± 0.14 mg bulb-1 in A. cepa L. This work presents the benefits of a new product based on bacteria naturally associated with onion and an organic material (BC500) serving as a bacterial carrier that increases the adsorption area of highly reactive nutrients, reducing their leaching or precipitation with other nutrients and fixation to the solid matrix of the soil.
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Liang J, Zhou Y. Iron-based advanced oxidation processes for enhancing sludge dewaterability: State of the art, challenges, and sludge reuse. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118499. [PMID: 35537253 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing amount of sewage sludge produced in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) poses a great challenge to both environment and economy globally. As a requisite process during sludge treatment, sludge dewatering can significantly minimize the sludge volume and lower the operational cost for downstream transportation and disposal. Iron-based advanced oxidation process (AOP), a robust and cost-effective technique with relatively low technical barriers for high-level sludge dewatering, has been widely explored in the past 20 years. The development was mainly driven by the demands of efficient and sustainable sludge conditioning technology and the flexible sludge management approaches. The application of iron-based AOPs in sludge dewatering process attracts more and more attention. In this work, we discussed the current application of iron-based AOPs technology in the sludge dewatering processes in a holistic manner, summarized the factors affecting the sludge dewaterability in the treatment processes, and analyzed the mechanisms of iron-based AOPs to improve dewatering processes. Furthermore, we elaborated potential advantages, limitations, and challenges associated with implementing iron-based AOPs in the full-scale plants and shared the opportunities for sludge reutilization. This review aims to contribute to the development of highly efficient iron-based AOPs for sludge dewatering and offer perspectives and directions towards the new-generation of WWTPs with the sustainable and eco-friendly benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Liang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Integrated Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
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9
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Haffiez N, Chung TH, Zakaria BS, Shahidi M, Mezbahuddin S, Hai FI, Dhar BR. A critical review of process parameters influencing the fate of antibiotic resistance genes in the anaerobic digestion of organic waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127189. [PMID: 35439559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The overuse and inappropriate disposal of antibiotics raised severe public health risks worldwide. Specifically, the incomplete antibiotics metabolism in human and animal bodies contributes to the significant release of antibiotics into the natural ecosystems and the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistant genes. Moreover, the organic feedstocks used for anaerobic digestion are often highly-rich in residual antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant genes. Hence, understanding their fate during anaerobic digestion has become a significant research focus recently. Previous studies demonstrated that various process parameters could considerably influence the propagation of the antibiotic-resistant genes during anaerobic digestion and their transmission via land application of digestate. This review article scrutinizes the influences of process parameters on antibiotic-resistant genes propagation in anaerobic digestion and the inherent fundamentals behind their effects. Based on the literature review, critical research gaps and challenges are summarized to guide the prospects for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nervana Haffiez
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Tae Hyun Chung
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Basem S Zakaria
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Manjila Shahidi
- 4S Analytics & Modelling Ltd., Edmonton, AB, T6W 3V6, Canada
| | | | - Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Bipro Ranjan Dhar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
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10
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Characteristics of Biochars Derived from the Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis of Rubberwood Sawdust and Sewage Sludge for Further Applications. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the characteristics of biochars derived from the pyrolysis of rubberwood sawdust (RWS) and sewage sludge (SS) and their co-pyrolysis at mixing ratios of 50:50 and 75:25. Biochars were produced at 550 °C through slow pyrolysis in a moving bed reactor and then characterized. Results showed that the rubberwood sawdust biochar (RWSB) had high carbon content (86.70 wt%) and low oxygen content (7.89 wt%). By contrast, the sewage sludge biochar (SSB) had high ash content (65.61 wt%) and low carbon content (24.27 wt%). The blending of RWS with SS at the mentioned ratios helped enhance the gross and element contents of the biochar samples. The elemental analysis of the biochars was also reported in the form of atomic ratios (H/C and O/C). The functional groups of biochars were observed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) revealed that the biochar from SS contained a high content of inorganic elements, such as Si, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, P, and Zn. The pH of the biochars ranged from 8.41 to 10.02. Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that RWSB had a lower surface area and larger pore diameter than the other biochars. The water holding capacity (WHC) and water releasing ability (WRA) of the biochars were in the range of 1.01–3.08 mL/g and 1.19–52.42 wt%, respectively. These results will be the guideline for further application and study of biochar from RWS, SS, and blended samples.
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Haider FU, Wang X, Farooq M, Hussain S, Cheema SA, Ain NU, Virk AL, Ejaz M, Janyshova U, Liqun C. Biochar application for the remediation of trace metals in contaminated soils: Implications for stress tolerance and crop production. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113165. [PMID: 34998263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In modern agriculture and globalization, the release of trace metals from manufacturing effluents hinders crop productivity by polluting the atmosphere and degrading food quality. Sustaining food safety in polluted soils is critical to ensure global food demands. This review describes the negative effects of trace metals stress on plant growth, physiology, and yield. Furthermore, also explains the potential of biochar in the remediation of trace metal's contaminations in plants by adoption of various mechanisms such as reduction, ion exchange, electrostatic forces of attraction, precipitation, and complexation. Biochar application enhances the overall productivity, accumulation of biomass, and photosynthetic activity of plants through the regulation of various biochemical and physiological mechanisms of plants cultivated under trace metals contaminated soil. Moreover, biochar scavenges the formation of reactive oxygen species, by activating antioxidant enzyme production i.e., ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, etc. The application of biochar also improves the synthesis of stressed proteins and proline contents in plants thus maintaining the osmoprotectant and osmotic potential of the plant under contaminates stress. Integrated application of biochar with other amendments i.e., microorganisms and plant nutrients to improve trace metal remediation potential of biochar and improving crop production was also highlighted in this review. Moreover, future research needs regarding the application of biochar have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid-land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Alam Cheema
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Noor Ul Ain
- Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ahmad Latif Virk
- Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100193, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mukkaram Ejaz
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Uulzhan Janyshova
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cai Liqun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid-land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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12
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Penido ES, Oliveira MAD, Sales ALR, Ferrazani JC, Magalhães F, Bianchi ML, Melo LCA. Biochars produced from various agro-industrial by-products applied in Cr(VI) adsorption-reduction processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:1387-1396. [PMID: 34747687 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.2000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reuse different agro-industrial by-products (poultry litter, pig manure, sewage sludge and coffee husk) for biochar production and to evaluate their Cr(VI) removal capacities in aqueous medium. The biochars showed different morphologies with porous structures. The percentages of Cr(VI) removal from solution were higher in acid medium (pH = 2), reaching values up to 87%. For all biochars, Cr(VI) removal occurs via both adsorption and reduction, being a rapid (30 min) process, which fits best to the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biochars, especially from coffee husk, were able to reduce up to 20% of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The maximum Cr(VI) removal capacities ranged from 10.86 mg g-1 (sewage sludge biochar) to 18.52 mg g-1 (coffee husk biochar). Therefore, the production of biochars from the agro-industrial by-products using the same experimental conditions in one single study is important to compare the Cr(VI) removal capacities from different biomasses. Thus, this study explored the corresponding raw material without the need of further treatment. Biochars showed potential for environmental applications considering Cr(VI)-polluted environments. It is hoped to provide basis to future studies using real wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fabiano Magalhães
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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13
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Korai PK, Sial TA, Pan G, Abdelrahman H, Sikdar A, Kumbhar F, Channa SA, Ali EF, Zhang J, Rinklebe J, Shaheen SM. Wheat and maize-derived water-washed and unwashed biochar improved the nutrients phytoavailability and the grain and straw yield of rice and wheat: A field trial for sustainable management of paddy soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113250. [PMID: 34274764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of different biochars on grain yield and phytoavailability and uptake of macro- and micro-nutrients by rice and wheat grown in a paddy soil in a rotation. Soil was treated with i) maize raw (un-washed) biochar (MRB), ii) maize water-washed biochar (MWB), iii) wheat raw biochar (WRB) or iv) wheat water-washed biochar (WWB) and untreated soil was used as control (CF). Inorganic fertilizers were applied to all soils while biochar treated soils received 20 ton ha-1 of designated biochar before rice cultivation in rice-wheat rotation. The WRB significantly (P < 0.05) increased rice grain yield and straw by up to 49%, compared to the CF. Biochar addition, particularly WRB, significantly increased the availability of N, P, K and their content in the grain (26-37%) and straw (22-37%) of rice and wheat. Also, the availability and grain content of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu increased significantly after biochar addition, particularly after the WRB, due to WRB water dissolved C acting as a carrier for micronutrients in soil and plant. However, the water-washing process altered biochar properties, particularly the water extractable C, which decreased its efficiency. Both wheat- and maize-derived biochars, particularly the WRB, are recommended to improve nutrients availability and to improve grain yield in the rice-wheat rotation agro-ecosystem. These results shed light on the importance of crop straw transformation into an important source for soil C and nutrients necessary for sustainable management of wheat-rice agro-ecosystem. However, with the current and future alternative energy demands, the decision on using crop biomass for soil conservation or for bioenergy becomes a challenge reliant on regulatory and policy frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punhoon Khan Korai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan; Center of Biomass and Biochar Green Technology, Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tanveer Ali Sial
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Genxing Pan
- Center of Biomass and Biochar Green Technology, Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Hamada Abdelrahman
- Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Department, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ashim Sikdar
- Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Kumbhar
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, College of Dera Murad Jamali, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Siraj Ahmed Channa
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam Sindh, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Esmat F Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; University of Sejong, Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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14
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Velli P, Manolikaki I, Diamadopoulos E. Effect of biochar produced from sewage sludge on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth, soil chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113325. [PMID: 34325369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The addition of biochar, as shown in the literature, improves significantly the chemical and physical soil properties and plant growth. This study examined the effect of biochar, compost and the combination of them on growth, nutrient and heavy metal concentrations of tomato. Biochar (BC) was produced from sewage sludge by pyrolysis at the temperature of 300 °C. The pot trials were carried out under an open-side greenhouse for a total of four months and under four treatments. The treatments applied were: Untreated soil (Control); soil with 2% w/w biochar (BC-SS); soil with 2% w/w compost (Compost); a mixture of biochar and compost at a 2% w/w level (BC-SS + Compost). The application of biochar exhibited substantial improvement on several soil properties. Total organic carbon (TOC) of soil increased (67%-85%), as did the nitrate nitrogen (55%) and ammonium nitrogen (145%). Additionally, available phosphorus significantly increased (45.5%-54.5%) by the application of biochar with/without compost. Dry weight of the aboveground (stems) and belowground (roots) plant tissues increased as well, although tomato yield was not increased significantly. Concentration of heavy metals and trace elements in tomato tissues was quite low. Traces of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) were found only in roots of those treated, while silicon (Si) was present in the roots and stems. Arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo) and lead (Pb) were detected in all plant tissues, but their concentrations did not exceed the permissible levels established for vegetables. Furthermore, the concentration of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) in fruits decreased by the addition of the amendments (12%-65%). In conclusion, the addition of sewage sludge biochar improved soil characteristics and plant growth. Yet, prior to its general use, factors such as the type of biomass, soil, rate of application and crop must always be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Velli
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, 73100, Greece
| | - Ioanna Manolikaki
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, 73100, Greece; Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ''DIMITRA'', Chania, 73100, Greece
| | - Evan Diamadopoulos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, 73100, Greece.
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Černe M, Palčić I, Major N, Pasković I, Perković J, Užila Z, Filipović V, Romić M, Goreta Ban S, Jaćimović R, Benedik L, Heath DJ, Ban D. Effect of sewage sludge derived compost or biochar amendment on the phytoaccumulation of potentially toxic elements and radionuclides by Chinese cabbage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112955. [PMID: 34102505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study set out to evaluate the effect of using sewage sludge-derived compost (SSC) or biochar (SSB) as a soil amendment on the phytoaccumulation of potentially toxic elements, PTE (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) and natural radionuclides (238U and 232Th) by Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt) in terra rossa and rendzina soils, which are the two common soil types in Croatia. The experiment consisted of a greenhouse pot trial using a three-factor design where soil type, sludge post-stabilisation procedure and amendment rate (12 and 120 mgP/L) were the main factors. At harvest, the concentrations of analytes in the substrate, leaves and roots were measured, from which the edible tissue uptake (ETU) and concentration ratios (CR) were determined. Also, the average daily dose (ADD) and hazard quotient (HQ) were determined to assess the health risk, as well as soil contamination factor (CF). The results showed that neither adding SSC nor SSB affected the soil loading at the rates applied, suggesting a low risk of soil contamination (CF ≤ 1). The ETU of Cd, Cu, and Zn were 0.0061, 1.23, and 0.91 mg/plant from compost-amended soil and 0.0046, 0.78 and 0.65 mg/plant for biochar-amended soil, respectively. This difference suggests that their ETU was higher in compost-amended soils than in soils treated with biochar. The CR data indicate that the bioavailability of Cu (CR of 5.30) is highest at an amendment rate of 12 mgP/L, while for Zn (CR of 0.69), the highest bioaccumulation was observed with an amendment rate of 120 mgP/L. Translocation of Cr, Ni, Pb and 238U to the leaves was limited. Overall, the HQ (<1) for Cd, Cu and Zn in the edible parts confirmed that consuming Chinese cabbage does not threaten human health. Similarly, the daily intake of 232Th remained below the limit (3 μg) set by ICRP, suggesting no radiological risk. Finally, although the amendment rate, which was 10-times the amount stipulated in Croatian regulation and the CR ranged from 0.007 to 5.30, the precautionary principle is advised, and the long-term impact of sewage sludge derived compost or biochar on different plant groups (incl. root vegetables) at the field-scale is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Černe
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Igor Palčić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nikola Major
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Igor Pasković
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia.
| | - Josipa Perković
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia.
| | - Zoran Užila
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vilim Filipović
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Romić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Smiljana Goreta Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Radojko Jaćimović
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ljudmila Benedik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - David John Heath
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Dean Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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16
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Pyrolysis of Solid Digestate from Sewage Sludge and Lignocellulosic Biomass: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis, Characterization of Biochar. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the pyrolysis behavior and reaction kinetics of two different types of solid digestates from: (i) sewage sludge and (ii) a mixture of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass—Typha latifolia plant. Thermogravimetric data in the temperature range 25–800 °C were analyzed using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose kinetic methods, and the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) were also determined. Biochars were characterized using different chemical methods (FTIR, SEM–EDS, XRD, heavy metal, and nutrient analysis) and tested as soil enhancers using a germination test. Finally, their potential for biosorption of NH4+, PO43−, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions was studied. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters revealed a complex degradation mechanism of digestates, as they showed higher activation energies than undigested materials. Values for sewage sludge digestate were between 57 and 351 kJ/mol, and for digestate composed of sewage sludge and T. latifolia between 62 and 401 kJ/mol. Characterizations of biochars revealed high nutrient content and promising potential for further use. The advantage of biochar obtained from a digestate mixture of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass is the lower content of heavy metals. Biosorption tests showed low biosorption capacity of digestate-derived biochars and their modifications for NH4+ and PO43− ions, but high biosorption capacity for Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions. Modification with KOH was more efficient than modification with HCl. The digestate-derived biochars exhibited excellent performance in germination tests, especially at concentrations between 6 and 10 wt.%.
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da Silva Santos J, da Silva Pontes M, Dos Santos Nobrega MA, Santiago EF. Effects of substrates containing different concentrations of sewage sludge on physiological parameters and quality of Alibertia edulis (Rubiaceae) seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25984-25992. [PMID: 33483927 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS), a solid residue of effluent treatment, is rich in organic matter and nutrients, while also containing heavy metals and other potential contaminants. The feasibility of employing SS as a substrate component for seedling production depends on its composition and dose, as well as on the tolerance limit of individual plant species. To expand the knowledge base on the use of SS in the production of plants native to the Brazilian Cerrado biome, we evaluated the physiological responses and quality of Alibertia edulis seedlings grown under distinct SS concentrations. Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf temperature (Lt), biomass, growth, and seedling quality were investigated. At 25%, SS improved growth, biomass, and seedling quality, while substrates containing 50% or more SS affected gs, Lt, and ChlF. Seedling quality was strongly worsened by SS at 75% and 100%, as shown by lower biomass and impaired growth, including leaf symmetry loss and leaf deformities possibly related to contaminants, particularly heavy metals. Accordingly, we conclude that SS exhibited potential as a fertilizer at concentrations below 50%, but exerted a toxic effect on seedlings at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline da Silva Santos
- Natural Resources Program, Center for Natural Resources Studies (CERNA), Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | - Montcharles da Silva Pontes
- Natural Resources Program, Center for Natural Resources Studies (CERNA), Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Michele Aparecida Dos Santos Nobrega
- Natural Resources Program, Center for Natural Resources Studies (CERNA), Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Etenaldo Felipe Santiago
- Natural Resources Program, Center for Natural Resources Studies (CERNA), Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil
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Zhang M, Yang J, Wang H, Lv Q, Xue J. Enhanced removal of phosphate from aqueous solution using Mg/Fe modified biochar derived from excess activated sludge: removal mechanism and environmental risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:16282-16297. [PMID: 33389575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Mg-modified sludge biochar (MB) and Mg-Fe double oxides/sludge biochar composites (MFB) were synthesized for enhanced removal of phosphate from aqueous solution. The phosphate adsorption followed the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model, and the maximum capacity was 142.31 mg P/g and 35.41 mg P/g for MB and MFB, respectively. MB exhibited the higher adsorption capacity at pH 8-9 and performed well under the influences of coexisting anions and temperature (4-45 °C). Adsorption kinetics was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating the chemical bonding between phosphate and adsorption sites. The adsorption capacity of phosphate decreased by < 15% after three successive recycles. Based on FTIR, XRD, and XPS analysis, the main mechanisms for phosphate removal by MB included electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, and precipitation. Hydroxides/oxides particles of Mg on the surface of MB with positive charge could adsorb HPO42- and PO43- to form surface complex and convert to MgHPO4 and Mg3(PO4)2. The released amounts of Fe, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Sb, and As from MB and MFB were low and acceptable. However, the released amount of Mg was as high as 4.9 wt% for MB and 8.7 wt% for MFB at the pH corresponding maximum adsorption capacity, posing a risk of salt increase. The grass (Lolium perenne L.) germination and early growth with the addition of P-laden biochars as fertilizer are seriously inhibited due to the high alkalinity, particularly for MB. The environmental risk of P-laden biochars (with high alkalinity and salt content) as fertilizer should be emphasized in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Qi Lv
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Junbing Xue
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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19
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Haider FU, Liqun C, Coulter JA, Cheema SA, Wu J, Zhang R, Wenjun M, Farooq M. Cadmium toxicity in plants: Impacts and remediation strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111887. [PMID: 33450535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an unessential trace element in plants that is ubiquitous in the environment. Anthropogenic activities such as disposal of urban refuse, smelting, mining, metal manufacturing, and application of synthetic phosphate fertilizers enhance the concentration of Cd in the environment and are carcinogenic to human health. In this manuscript, we reviewed the sources of Cd contamination to the environment, soil factors affecting the Cd uptake, the dynamics of Cd in the soil rhizosphere, uptake mechanisms, translocation, and toxicity of Cd in plants. In crop plants, the toxicity of Cd reduces uptake and translocation of nutrients and water, increases oxidative damage, disrupts plant metabolism, and inhibits plant morphology and physiology. In addition, the defense mechanism in plants against Cd toxicity and potential remediation strategies, including the use of biochar, minerals nutrients, compost, organic manure, growth regulators, and hormones, and application of phytoremediation, bioremediation, and chemical methods are also highlighted in this review. This manuscript may help to determine the ecological importance of Cd stress in interdisciplinary studies and essential remediation strategies to overcome the contamination of Cd in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Cai Liqun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jeffrey A Coulter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sardar Alam Cheema
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Renzhi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ma Wenjun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman.
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20
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Gopinath A, Divyapriya G, Srivastava V, Laiju AR, Nidheesh PV, Kumar MS. Conversion of sewage sludge into biochar: A potential resource in water and wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110656. [PMID: 33359460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of biochar from sewage sludge (SS) is consistent with the goal of sustainable resource recovery and promotes a wastewater-based circular economy. Thermochemical conversion of SS to biochar resolves two major issues simultaneously as it minimizes the cost of disposal and acts as a resource to eliminate the toxic contaminants from water and wastewater. The reusability and ready availability of the biochar, irrespective of the season, makes it an economically viable material for wastewater treatment. In this review, explicit insights into the production, modification and usage of SS derived biochar are provided including (i) the production yield, (ii) characteristic features such as physical, chemical, electrochemical and morphological aspects, and (iii) impact on contaminant removal through adsorption, catalytic and electrochemical processes. Particular attention is given to the use of SS derived biochar as an adsorbent for contaminants present in wastewaters, the potential use of biochar as a catalyst and support material in advanced oxidation processes and the use of biochars as an electrode material. The effect of pyrolysis conditions and co-pyrolysis with other materials on biochar properties is explored and insight is provided into the toxicity of biochar components present at different process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashitha Gopinath
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - G Divyapriya
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Vartika Srivastava
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - A R Laiju
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - M Suresh Kumar
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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21
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Review of Sewage Sludge as a Soil Amendment in Relation to Current International Guidelines: A Heavy Metal Perspective. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13042317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Overexploitation of resources makes the reutilization of waste a focal topic of modern society, and the question of the kind of wastes that can be used is continuously raised. Sewage sludge (SS) is derived from the wastewater treatment plants, considered important underused biomass, and can be used as a biofertilizer when properly stabilized due to the high content of inorganic matter, nitrate, and phosphorus. However, a wide range of pollutants can be present in these biosolids, limiting or prohibiting their use as biofertilizer, depending on the type and origin of industrial waste and household products. Long-term applications of these biosolids could substantially increase the concentration of contaminants, causing detrimental effects on the environment and induce hyperaccumulation or phytotoxicity in the produced crops. In this work, some critical parameters for soils and SS agronomic use, such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK), and heavy metals concentration have been reviewed. Several cases of food crop production and the accumulation of heavy metals after SS application are also discussed. SS production, usage, and legislation in EU are assessed to determine the possibility of sustainable management of this bioresource. Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines are addressed. The opportunity to produce bioenergy crops, employing sewage sludge to enhance degraded land, is also considered, due to energy security. Although there are numerous advantages of sewage sludge, proper screening for heavy metals in all the variants (biosolids, soil, food products) is a must. SS application requires appropriate strict guidelines with appropriate regulatory oversight to control contamination of agricultural soils.
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22
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Li J, Pan L, Yu G, Li C, Xie S, Wang Y. Synthesis of an easily recyclable and safe adsorbent from sludge pyrochar for ciprofloxacin adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110258. [PMID: 33011224 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of sludge pyrochar (SP) is the terminal step to loop the entire harmless disposal process of sewage sludge with pyrolysis. A new, easily recyclable, and safe adsorbent with well-immobilized heavy metals (HMs) was prepared from SP for ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption. The operational conditions for the adsorbent preparation were systematically optimized based on recycling rate and adsorption performance. Additionally, the adsorption conditions, adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and regeneration of adsorbents were further investigated in the present study. The results showed that easily recyclable and safe adsorbents were successfully prepared at 1100 °C under N2 atmospheric conditions (SPA-N-1100) with a maximum CIP adsorption capacity of 10.42 mg/g. SPA-N-1100 exhibited good CIP adsorption performance at an adsorption temperature of 45 °C and pH between 8.0 and 9.0. The adsorbents were regenerated by thermal desorption at 450 °C with a thorough decomposition of CIP. The adsorption mechanism was mainly dominated by its special porous microspheres-accumulation structure and surface species (e.g., FeP and graphite). Moreover, HMs in the adsorbents were well immobilized in SPA-N-1100 by the generation of new metal mineral phases and encapsulation of melting minerals, which had an ultralow potential for ecological risk during application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Lanjia Pan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Chunxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK, 2800, Denmark
| | - Shengyu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Figueiredo CCD, Pinheiro TD, de Oliveira LEZ, de Araujo AS, Coser TR, Paz-Ferreiro J. Direct and residual effect of biochar derived from biosolids on soil phosphorus pools: A four-year field assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:140013. [PMID: 32540669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Measures to improve the use of phosphorus (P), either by improved efficiency or reuse, are needed worldwide in order to preserve a finite resource and ensure that farmers have access to it. Currently, the rapidly growing global population has generated an increased demand for this mineral. Sustainably disposing for the massive amount of globally produced biosolids and alternative sources of P for agriculture are two major challenges to address. In this scenario, biosolids-derived biochar (BBC) has been presented as a win-win opportunity. However, the BBC-P dynamics in soil over consecutive cropping seasons remain unclear. Direct (first and second cropping season) and residual (third and fourth cropping season) effects of BBC on soil P fractions, P uptake and corn grain yield were assessed. Additionally, the relationships between soil P pools and grain yield were investigated by multivariate and multiple linear regression analysis. In a field experiment, BBC produced at 300 °C (BC 300) and 500 °C (BC 500) were applied to an Oxisol at a rate of 15 t ha-1. Soil total P and its fractions (organic P, inorganic P, and available P) were determined. Phosphorus uptake and corn grain yield were also evaluated. BBC, regardless of pyrolysis temperature, increased soil total P and all P fractions. Moreover, BBC maintained high soil P contents for at least two years after stopping its application. These results suggest that BBC may act as a slow-release P fertilizer. Surprisingly, soil P fractions were unaffected by different pyrolysis temperatures, but BC 300 promoted higher grain yield than BC 500 in the third and fourth cropping seasons. Overall, the results confirmed that under direct application both biochars can replace mineral fertilization for corn production; and when considering the residual effect, BC 300 showed a higher potential to be utilized as a soil amendment for P supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cícero Célio de Figueiredo
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, 70910-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil; RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001 Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Thamires Dutra Pinheiro
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, 70910-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Alyson Silva de Araujo
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, 70910-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thais Rodrigues Coser
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, 70910-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
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24
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Tsouloufa A, Dailianis S, Karapanagioti HK, Manariotis ID. Physicochemical and Toxicological Assay of Leachate from Malt Spent Rootlets Biochar. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:634-641. [PMID: 32236702 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the leachate derived from biochar produced from malt spent rootlets (MSR) and to evaluate the required washing level in order to provide water free from inorganic substances. MSR biochar was placed in a column and subjected to six serial washes with distilled water, and the leachate was analysed for main anions and heavy metals. The 1st wash aliquot contained increased levels of mainly phosphates (980 mg/L) and chlorides (760 mg/L), and lower levels of nitrates, sulfates, fluoride and bromide, which were decreased over washes. Zero concentrations were observed after three washes for most anions. The increased levels of Zn, Be, Cs, Mn, V and Se determined in the 1st wash aliquot were eliminated in the successive washes. The toxic potency of each wash aliquot, determined by the use of the fairy shrimp Thamnocephalus platyurus showed that the 1st and 2nd MSR biochar leachates were toxic with 4.52 and 1.46 toxic units (TU), respectively, followed by a significant elimination of toxicity after further washes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyro Tsouloufa
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis D Manariotis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
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25
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Rehman RA, Qayyum MF. Co-composts of sewage sludge, farm manure and rock phosphate can substitute phosphorus fertilizers in rice-wheat cropping system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 259:109700. [PMID: 32072947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, various co-composts of sewage sludge (SS), farm manure (FM) and rock phosphate (RP) were prepared and their influence on phosphorus (P) uptake, soil P restoration and growth of rice crop and residual effect on wheat crop were investigated. The treatments comprised of T1 (control, no amendment), T2 (452 kg Nitrophos ha-1, T3 (724 kg SS50:FM50 ha-1), T4 (594 kg SS100:FM0 ha-1), T5 (728 kg SS25:FM25:RP50 ha-1), T6 (726 kg SS5O:FM25:RP25 ha-1), T7 (508 kg SS75:FM0:RP25 ha-1), and T8 (546 kg SS50:FM0:RP50 ha-1). The post-experimental soil samples were analyzed for pH, EC, OM, Olsen's P. The plant samples (grains and straw of both crops) were analyzed for concentrations of P, and heavy metals. The P adsorption by post-wheat composts-amended soil was tested through Langmuir, and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The investigated parameters (biomass, grain and straw yield, plant height and P concentrations in plant parts) were significantly increased in all composts as compared to the control treatment. The P uptake by the plants was higher in compost treatments as compared to the control and NP that shows long-term residual effect of applied composts. The maximum grain yield (1.63 Mg ha-1) was obtained in T5 followed by T6 (1.52 Mg ha-1). The P concentration in rice grains were recorded in the trend as T8 (2.55%) > T6 (2.24%) > T4 (1.92%) = T3 (1.88%) > T7 (1.62%). It is evident that the combined application of FM (25%) and RP (50%) enhanced the effect of SS (25%) in terms of P bioavailability and yield parameters and can be effectively used as P fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Abdur Rehman
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
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26
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Eid EM, Alamri SA, Shaltout KH, Galal TM, Ahmed MT, Brima EI, Sewelam N. A sustainable food security approach: Controlled land application of sewage sludge recirculates nutrients to agricultural soils and enhances crop productivity. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahem M. Eid
- Biology Department College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad A.M. Alamri
- Biology Department College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
- Prince Sultan Bin Abdul‐Aziz Center for Environment and Tourism Research and Studies King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tarek M. Galal
- Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of Science Helwan University Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed T. Ahmed
- Biology Department College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Eid I. Brima
- Chemistry Department College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Sewelam
- Botany Department Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt
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Rafique M, Ortas I, Ahmed IAM, Rizwan M, Afridi MS, Sultan T, Chaudhary HJ. Potential impact of biochar types and microbial inoculants on growth of onion plant in differently textured and phosphorus limited soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:672-680. [PMID: 31279144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-renewable phosphorus (P) resources are intensively declining and recyclable P is high in demand for agricultural sector. Biochar as a renewable source of P and its physicochemical properties may improve the nutrients condition in the soil for plant availability. This study was designed to evaluate the interaction of biochar with soil microbes in differently textured and P-limited soils for P availability, root colonization and nutrient uptake by plants. Onion plants were grown in two differently textured soils with two types of biochar, with or without P application, three microbially inoculated treatments and uninoculated control. Plants were grown for 65 days and root-shoot biomass, nutrient concentration and mycorrhizal root colonization were analyzed. The WinRhizo was used to evaluate root attributes such as length, surface area and volume of roots. Biochar addition enhanced the nutrient uptake and plant biomass in the presence of P and microbial inoculants. Root colonization was notably increased in biochar + mycorrhizal inoculated plants. Biochar and soil type interactions may develop a unique behavior of nutrient uptake, root colonization, plant growth and root attributes. Biochar in combination with microbial inoculants could be considered a potentially renewable source of P fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Rafique
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, Adana, 1150, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ortas
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, Adana, 1150, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim A M Ahmed
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, Adana, 1150, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | | | - Tariq Sultan
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Cukurova University, Adana, 1150, Turkey.
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28
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Brisolara KF, Bourgeois J. Biosolids and sludge management. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1168-1176. [PMID: 31433899 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The advancements in the field of sludge and biosolids have been made over the past year. This review outlines the major contributions of researchers that have been published in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings throughout 2018. The review is organized in sections including regulatory developments and market analysis; analysis and quantification of characteristics including microconstituents and metals; treatment advances for the conversion of sludge to biosolids including pretreatment and sludge minimization, conditioning and dewatering, digestion, composting, and innovative technologies; product development and reuse including adsorbents and thermal products, agricultural and other uses, and innovative uses; odor and air emissions; and energy factors. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Summary of advances in the field of residuals and biosolids research in 2018. This review outlines the major contributions of researchers that have been published in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings. Topics covered range from regulation to innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Bourgeois
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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29
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Influence of Pyrolyzed Grape-Seeds/Sewage Sludge Blends on the Availability of P, Fe, Cu, As and Cd to Maize. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9070406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current intensive agricultural practices, although highly successful in terms of production, have been found to be environmentally unsustainable. One of the crucial approaches to increase agricultural sustainability is the recycling of organic wastes, since these materials often contain many beneficial nutrients for soil and agriculture. Recently, pyrolytic conversion of biodegradable waste into charred material has gained global attention as an amendment to recycle nutrients while improving soil health. Increasing interest in the beneficial applications of pyrolyzed biomass has expanded multidisciplinary areas for science and engineering. The fertilizers used in this study were prepared by pyrolyzing mixtures of two abundant residues in Mediterranean areas: grape seeds and sewage sludge, in different proportions (100% GS, 75% GS-25% SS, 50% GS-50% SS, 25% GS-75% SS, 100% SS). In addition, fresh sludge was mixed with pyrolyzed grape seeds and included as an additional treatment. In this study, the positives and negatives of the application of biochars on agronomic potential and environmental risk have been addressed, taking into account P, Zn, Cu, Fe, As and Cd. In order to choose the best mixture, it is necessary to find a compromise between maximizing the beneficial elements that are translocated to the plant crop, as well as reducing the elements that are leached. Results of a 6-week greenhouse study indicated that the unpyrolyzed sludge mixture contained the largest amount of available nutrients Fe, Cu and P. In agreement, this treatment mixed with a Chromic Luvisol soil (40 ton/ha) increased the uptake of these elements in corn (Zea mays L.—LG ambitious). The yield also increased by 60% in this treatment. However, this mixture also contained more contaminants (As, Cd) which were extracted with Ammonium Bicarbonate-DTPA. According to our results, the treatments where grape seeds and sewage sludge were mixed at 50% and then pyrolyzed exhibited the optimal compromise between efficiency (nutrients uptake) and tolerable levels of potentially toxic elements in leachates.
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Carvalho MEA, Piotto FA, Franco MR, Rossi ML, Martinelli AP, Cuypers A, Azevedo RA. Relationship between Mg, B and Mn status and tomato tolerance against Cd toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 240:84-92. [PMID: 30928798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Distinct tomato genotypes possess different tolerance degree to cadmium (Cd), but the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are scarcely understood. To this end, the physiological, biochemical, anatomical, nutritional and molecular mechanisms associated to the plant tolerance against Cd toxicity were investigated in five tomato accessions with contrasting sensitivity to Cd exposure. Firstly, the data revealed that larger biomass loss was not always coupled to higher Cd concentration, indicating that other events, in addition to the internal Cd accumulation, impact tomato performance at early stages of Cd exposure. Secondly, the results indicated that the fine regulation of nutrient status, particularly magnesium (Mg), boron (B) and manganese (Mn), is associated to the mitigation of Cd toxicity. Magnesium status was coupled to the modulation of root development, resulting in changes in root hair formation and biomass allocation. Boron accumulation in leaves was linked to Cd toxicity, suggesting that tolerance mechanisms involved strategies to decrease or even avoid B excess in photosynthetic tissues. Disturbances in Mn status, i.e. Mn excess in leaves and Mn deficiency in roots, were also related to tomato sensitivity to Cd exposure. Thirdly, plant capacity to maintain leaf blade expansion is a relevant strategy for a better tomato development after short-term Cd exposure. Fourthly, tomato tolerance to Cd-induced stress does not depend on CAT activity enhancements in such conditions. In conclusion, tomato ability to quickly manage its nutritional status is necessary for alleviation of the Cd effects at early stages of exposure to this metal. The better understanding about tolerance mechanisms and mode of action of Cd toxicity in plants can help in the establishment of strategies to mitigate its impacts on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Angelo Piotto
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Regina Franco
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Lanzoni Rossi
- Divisão Produtividade Agroindustrial e Alimentos, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura/Universidade de São Paulo (Cena/USP), Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli
- Divisão Produtividade Agroindustrial e Alimentos, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura/Universidade de São Paulo (Cena/USP), Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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31
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Effects of Different Biochars on Wheat Growth Parameters, Yield and Soil Fertility Status in a Silty Clay Loam Soil. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091798. [PMID: 31075937 PMCID: PMC6540089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of organic wastes into biochar via the pyrolysis technique could be used to produce soil amendments useful as a source of plant nutrients. In this study, we investigated the effects of fruit peels and milk tea waste-derived biochars on wheat growth, yield, root traits, soil enzyme activities and nutrient status. Eight amendment treatments were tested: no amendment (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), banana peel biochar 1% (BB1 + CF), banana peel biochar 2% (BB2 + CF), orange peel biochar 1% (OB1 + CF), orange peel biochar 2% (OB2 + CF), milk tea waste biochar 1% (TB1 + CF) and milk tea waste biochar 2% (TB2 + CF). The results indicated that chlorophyll values, plant height, grain yield, dry weight of shoot and root were significantly (p < 0.05) increased for the TB2 + CF treatment as compared to other treatments. Similarly, higher contents of nutrients in grains, shoots and roots were observed for TB2 + CF: N (61.3, 23.3 and 7.6 g kg−1), P (9.2, 10.4 and 8.3 g kg−1) and K (9.1, 34.8 and 4.4 g kg−1). Compared to CK, the total root length (41.1%), surface area (56.5%), root volume (54.2%) and diameter (78.4%) were the greatest for TB2 + CF, followed by BB2 + CF, OB2 + CF, TB1 + CF, BB1 + CF, OB1 + CF and CF, respectively. However, BB + CF and OB + CF treatments increased β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase, but not urease activity, as compared to the TB + CF amendment, while all enzyme activity decreased with the increased biochar levels. We concluded that the conversion of fruit peels and milk tea waste into biochar products contribute the benefits of environmental and economic issues, and should be tested as soil amendments combined with chemical fertilizers for the improvement of wheat growth and grain yield as well as soil fertility status under field conditions.
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Shah GM, Tufail N, Bakhat HF, Ahmad I, Shahid M, Hammad HM, Nasim W, Waqar A, Rizwan M, Dong R. Composting of municipal solid waste by different methods improved the growth of vegetables and reduced the health risks of cadmium and lead. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5463-5474. [PMID: 30610583 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reutilization of putrescible municipal solid wastes (MSW) in agriculture can provide valuable plant nutrients. However, it may pose serious noncarcinogenic health risks for a human when contaminants, especially the heavy metals in MSW, end up in plants through the waste-soil-plant continuum. This study examined the effects of composting methods viz. aerobically (AC), anaerobically (ANC), and aerobic-anaerobically (AANC) composted MSW material on (i) fertilizer value: vegetable yield, nitrogen (N) mineralization, and apparent N recovery (ANR); and (ii) associated health risks: selected heavy metal concentration, daily intake of metals (DIM), health risk index (HRI), hazard index (HI), and target hazard quotient (THQ) when applied to a loamy soil. All the aforementioned compost materials were incorporated into the sandy loam soil filled in pots and carrot and spinach were cultivated for 85 and 90 days, respectively. After soil application, between 51 and 56% of the applied organic N was mineralized from ANC material, while the values in case of AC and AANC were 26-31% and 34-40%, respectively. Consequently, dry matter yield and vegetable N uptake from composts were in the order ANC > AANC > AC (P < 0.05). Further, vegetable ANR was the highest from ANC (56 and 56%) than AANC (42 and 45%), and AC (30 and 33%) for spinach and carrot, respectively (P < 0.05). Interestingly, plant uptake of lead and cadmium was lowest from ANC as compared to AC or AANC (P < 0.05), irrespective of the vegetable type. Consequently, DIM, HRI, and THQ for these metals were substantially lower in the former as compared to the latter compost materials. Further, HI from ANC material was 50% lower over the unfertilized control indicating the absence of noncarcinogenic human health risks via vegetable intake. This all indicates that from viewpoint of sustainable waste recycling in agriculture, anaerobic composting is superior to the other composting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
- Yantai Institute, China Agriculture University, Yantai, 264670, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nadia Tufail
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Atika Waqar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Renjie Dong
- Yantai Institute, China Agriculture University, Yantai, 264670, Shandong Province, China
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