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Al-Zamzami M, Al-Gheethi A, Alzaeemi SA, Al-Sahari M, Al-Maqtari Q, Noman E. Validity of zinc oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized in food wastes extract in treating real samples of printing ink wastewater; prediction models using feed-forward neural network (FFNN). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142793. [PMID: 38972458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles in food wastewater extract (FWEZnO NPs) was used in the photocatalytic degradation of real samples of printing ink wastewater. FWEZnO NPs were prepared using green synthesis methods using a composite food waste sample (2 kg) consisted of rice 30%, bread 20 %, fruits 10 %, chicken 10 %, lamb 10%, and vegetable 20%. The photocatalysis process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) as a function of time (15-180 min), pH 2-10 and FWEZnO NP (20-120 mg/100 mL), while the print ink effluent after each treatment process was evaluated using UV-Vis-spectrophotometer. The behaviour of printing ink wastewater samples for photocatalytic degradation and responses for independent factors were simulated using feed-forward neural network (FFNN). FWEZnO NPs having 62.48 % of the purity with size between 18 and 25 nm semicrystalline nature. The main functional groups were -CH, CH2, and -OH, while lipid, carbon-hydrogen stretching, and amino acids were the main component in FWEZnO NP, which contributed to the adsorption of ink in the initial stage of photocatalysis. The optimal conditions for printing ink wastewater were recorded after 17 min, at pH 9 and with 20 mg/100 mL of FWEZnO NPs, at which the decolorization was 85.62 vs. 82.13% of the predicted and actual results, respectively, with R2 of 0.7777. The most significant factor in the photocatalytic degradation was time and FWEZnO NPs. The FFNN models revealed that FWEZnO NPs exhibit consistency in the next generation of data (large-scale application) with an low errors (R2 0.8693 with accuracy of 82.89%). The findings showing a small amount of catalyst is needed for effective breakdown of dyes in real samples of printing ink wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Zamzami
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Adel Al-Gheethi
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle and CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Shehab Abdulhabib Alzaeemi
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Al-Sahari
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Qais Al-Maqtari
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Efaq Noman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Taiz University, Yemen
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Meetiyagoda TAOK, Samarakoon T, Takahashi T, Fujino T. Cytogenotoxicity of raw and treated dairy manure slurry by two-stage chemical and electrocoagulation: An application of the Allium cepa bioassay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170001. [PMID: 38218494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Livestock farming is an essential agricultural practice. However, the improper management of livestock wastes and discharge of untreated or partially treated livestock manure slurry poses significant environmental problems. In this study, we aimed to compare the cytogenotoxic potential of untreated and treated dairy manure slurry treated with a two-stage chemical and electrocoagulation (EC) using the Allium cepa bioassay. The A. cepa bioassay is a well-established standard tool for assessing the cytogenotoxic effects of environmental contaminants, especially those that are occurred as complex contaminant mixtures. The dairy manure slurry was subjected to chemical treatment utilizing polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) at optimized conditions, followed by EC utilizing either aluminum (Al) or steel anodes. The treated and untreated samples were then evaluated for their potential cytogenotoxicty using the A. cepa bioassay, by measuring the nuclear abnormalities (NAs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs), along with the mitotic indices (MIs). Our findings revealed a significant reduction in cytogenotoxic indicators in the treated liquid fraction compared to the untreated dairy manure slurry. Specifically, the frequency of total NAs showed a significant reduction from 154 ‰ to 37 ‰ when the dairy manure slurry was treated with chemical coagulation followed by EC utilizing an Al anode. Moreover, the MI exhibited a significant improvement from 7 ‰ to 123 ‰, suggesting the mitigation of toxic effects. These results collectively demonstrate the effectiveness of the two-stage chemical and EC treatment under optimal conditions in treating diary manure slurry while reducing its cytogenotoxicity for living systems. The A. cepa bioassay proved to be a sensitive and reliable method for assessing the toxicity of the treated samples. The efficient solid-liquid separation and the reduction of toxicity in the liquid fraction for biological systems achieved through this treatment process highlight its potential for sustainable management of livestock waste and the preservation of water quality. Nevertheless, further studies are required to assess the toxicity of solid fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thilomi Samarakoon
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka.
| | - Toshinori Takahashi
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujino
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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Labine LM, Pereira EAO, Kleywegt S, Jobst KJ, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Environmental metabolomics uncovers oxidative stress, amino acid dysregulation, and energy impairment in Daphnia magna with exposure to industrial effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116512. [PMID: 37394164 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are regarded as point sources of pollution entering freshwater bodies worldwide. With over 350,000 chemicals used in manufacturing, wastewater treatment and industrial effluents are comprised of complex mixtures of organic and inorganic pollutants of known and unknown origins. Consequently, their combined toxicity and mode of action are not well understood in aquatic organisms such as Daphnia magna. In this study, effluent samples from wastewater treatment and industrial sectors were used to examine molecular-level perturbations to the polar metabolic profile of D. magna. To determine if the industrial sector and/or the effluent chemistries played a role in the observed biochemical responses, Daphnia were acutely (48 h) exposed to undiluted (100%) and diluted (10, 25, and 50%) effluent samples. Endogenous metabolites were extracted from single daphnids and analyzed using targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. The metabolic profile of Daphnia exposed to effluent samples resulted in significant separation compared to the unexposed controls. Linear regression analysis determined that no single pollutant detected in the effluents was significantly correlated with the responses of metabolites. Significant perturbations were uncovered across many classes of metabolites (amino acids, nucleosides, nucleotides, polyamines, and their derivatives) which serve as intermediates in keystone biochemical processes. The combined metabolic responses are consistent with oxidative stress, disruptions to energy metabolism, and protein dysregulation which were identified through biochemical pathway analysis. These results provide insight into the molecular processes driving stress responses in D. magna. Overall, we determined that the metabolic profile of Daphnia could not be predicted by the chemical composition of environmentally relevant mixtures. The findings of this study demonstrate the advantage of metabolomics in conjunction with chemical analyses to assess the interactions of industrial effluents. This work further demonstrates the ability of environmental metabolomics to characterize molecular-level perturbations in aquatic organisms exposed to complex chemical mixtures directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Labine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada; Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - E A Oliveira Pereira
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - S Kleywegt
- Technical Assessment and Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON, M4V 1M2, Canada
| | - K J Jobst
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - A J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada; Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - M J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada; Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Benekos AK, Vasiliadou IA, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Alexandropoulou M, Pavlou S, Katsaounis A, Vayenas DV. Groundwater denitrification using a continuous flow mode hybrid system combining a hydrogenotrophic biofilter and an electrooxidation cell. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 339:117914. [PMID: 37086640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An attached-growth continuous flow hydrogenotrophic denitrification system was investigated for groundwater treatment. Two bench-scale packed-bed reactors were used in series, without external pH adjustment or carbon source addition, while inorganic carbonate salts already contained in the groundwater were the sole carbon source used by the denitrifying bacteria. The hydrogen was produced by water electrolysis using renewable energy sources thus minimizing resource-draining factors of the treatment process. The biofilter was subjected to a combination of three groundwater retention times (13.5, 27 and 54 min, corresponding to 20, 10 and 5 mL min-1 inlet water flow rates) and two hydrogen flow values (10 and 20 mL min-1) to evaluate its efficiency under different operating parameters. In all cases, significant nitrate percentage removals were achieved, ranged between 64.1% and 100%. The treatment process appears to slow down with lower retention times and H2 flow rate values, although residual nitrate concentrations were always in the range of 0-5.1 mg L-1, values below the maximum permitted limit of 11.3 mg L-1. In cases where nitrite accumulation was detected, a continuous flow electrochemical oxidation process with three different current density values (5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mA cm-2) was examined as a post-treatment step aiming to completely remove the toxic nitrite anions. Finally, an advanced mathematical model of the attached growth hydrogenotrophic denitrification process was developed to predict concentrations of all the substrates examined in the bio-filter (nitrate, nitrite, inorganic carbon and hydrogen).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas K Benekos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna A Vasiliadou
- Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-67100, Xanthi, Greece.
| | | | - Maria Alexandropoulou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Pavlou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Alexandros Katsaounis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
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Abdul Rahman N, Jose Jol C, Albania Linus A, Wan Borhan WWS, Abdul Jalal NS, Baharudin N, Samsul SNA, Abdul Mutalip N, Jitai AA, Abang Abdul Hamid DFA. Continuous electrocoagulation treatment system for partial desalination of tropical brackish peat water in Sarawak coastal peatlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163517. [PMID: 37068674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sarawak coastal peatlands located on Borneo Island have vast availability of brackish peat water sources especially in some coastal rural areas. However, brackish peat water is currently underutilized as the source for water treatment plants due to excessive salinity levels. As such, this study aims to investigate the salinity reduction in brackish peat water sources for domestic consumption in Sarawak coastal peatlands by utilizing continuous electrocoagulation treatment with aluminium electrodes. Correspondingly, this study analyzes the effects of salinity percentage, electric current, and flow rate on salinity reduction with electrocoagulation treatment. This study has found that the treated salinity levels in brackish peat water with 30 % of salinity percentage meet the Malaysia Class I in National Water Quality Standard. The study has also identified both monolayer and multilayer adsorption that occurs in electrocoagulation treatment as the precursor to salinity reduction. In addition, the presence of in-situ aluminium hydroxide coagulants could adsorb some sodium chloride from brackish peat water with 70 % of salinity percentage at 2503 mg/g of maximum adsorption capacity and 2.65 min-1 of adsorption rate. This study has also found that electrocoagulation treatment could achieve 91.78 % of maximum salinity reduction efficiency at an optimum electric current of 5 A and flow rate of 1.2 L/min in brackish peat water with 30 % of salinity percentage. This treatment system costs only Ringgit Malaysia (RM) 0.29 or United States Dollars (USD) 0.06 per meter cubic of treated brackish peat water. Overall, this study demonstrates that continuous electrocoagulation treatment could partially desalinate brackish peat water with 30 % of salinity percentage in which the treated salinity levels could be utilized for domestic consumption in Sarawak coastal peatlands at reasonable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeri Abdul Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Calvin Jose Jol
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Allene Albania Linus
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Wafi Shahanney Wan Borhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syahida Abdul Jalal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nooranisha Baharudin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Shaleen Nur Ain Samsul
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nurshazatul'aini Abdul Mutalip
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Airul Azhar Jitai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Dayang Fadhilatul Aisyah Abang Abdul Hamid
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Luo L, Lin X, Li M, Liao X, Zhang B, Hu Y, Wang Y, Huang Y, Peng C. Influencing factors for nutrient removal from piggery digestate by coupling microalgae and electric field. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:2244-2253. [PMID: 34986738 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2026485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae show great potential for nutrient removal from piggery digestate. However, full-strength piggery digestate have been found to severely inhibit microalgal growth. In this study, microalgae were coupled into the electric field (EF)system to form an electric field-microalgae system (EFMS). The effects of EF characteristics and environmental conditions on the growth of Desmodesmus sp. CHX1 and the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in EFMS were explored. The results indicated that the optimal EF parameters for forming a fine EFMS were electrode of Zn (anode)/graphite (cathode), electric frequency of three times per day (10 min/time) and voltage of 12 V. The suitable light intensity and microalgae inoculation concentration for the EFMS were 180 μmol photons/(m2·s) and 0.2 g/L, respectively. Ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus removal efficiencies were 65.38% and 96.16% in the piggery digestate by EFMS under optimal conditions. These results indicate that EFMS is a promising technology for nutrient removal from piggery digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzao Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Zone-King Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoai Lin
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangxi Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Zhejiang Zone-King Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Zhejiang Zone-King Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Peng
- The Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Jasim MA, AlJaberi FY. Removal of COD from real oily wastewater by electrocoagulation using a new configuration of electrodes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:651. [PMID: 37160640 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to bring the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration down to safe levels for widespread use, this study plans to use a state-of-the-art electrocoagulation reactor (ECR) to treat real oily wastewater discharged from the Al-Muthanna petroleum refinery. A one-side finned (1SF) cathode tube was positioned between two tubular anodes in the continuous ECR, where the active area of the cathode was much more than its submerged volume. Each of these electrodes was made of aluminum and joined in a monopolar parallel to a DC power supply. On COD elimination efficiency, the impacts of operational parameters such as electrolysis time (4-60 min), current density (0.630-5.000 mA/cm2), and flow rate (50-150 ml/min) were explored. In conclusion, Increasing current density and electrolysis duration increases COD removal efficiency, whereas increasing flow rate reduces it. COD removal efficiencies were 82% at optimal electrolysis times of 60 (min), 5 (mA/cm2) current density, and 50 (ml/min) flow rate, with energy consumption of 4.787 (kWh/kg COD) and electrode consumption of 0.544 (g). The investigation results demonstrated that the new reactor could treat oily wastewater within the specified operational limits. It might be used before other, more conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aiyd Jasim
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Qadisiyah University, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.
| | - Forat Yasir AlJaberi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Al-Muthanna, Iraq.
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AlJaberi FY, Ahmed SA, Makki HF, Naje AS, Zwain HM, Salman AD, Juzsakova T, Viktor S, Van B, Le PC, La DD, Chang SW, Um MJ, Ngo HH, Nguyen DD. Recent advances and applicable flexibility potential of electrochemical processes for wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161361. [PMID: 36610626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examined >140 relevant publications from the last few years (2018-2021). In this study, classification was reviewed depending on the operation's progress. Electrocoagulation (EC), electrooxidation (EO), electroflotation (EF), electrodialysis (ED), and electro-Fenton (EFN) processes have received considerable attention. The type of action (individual or hybrid) for each electrochemical procedure was evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed to compare them as a new manner of reviewing cited papers providing a massive amount of information efficiently to the readers. Individual or hybrid operation progress of the electrochemical techniques is critical issues. Their design, operation, and maintenance costs vary depending on the in-situ conditions, as evidenced by surveyed articles and statistical analyses. This work also examines the variables affecting the elimination efficacy, such as the applied current, reaction time, pH, type of electrolyte, initial pollutant concentration, and energy consumption. In addition, owing to its efficacy in removing toxins, the hybrid activity showed a good percentage among the studies reviewed. The promise of each wastewater treatment technology depends on the type of contamination. In some cases, EO requires additives to oxidise the pollutants. EF and EFN eliminated lightweight organic pollutants. ED has been used to treat saline water. Compared to other methods, EC has been extensively employed to remove a wide variety of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forat Yasir AlJaberi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq.
| | - Shaymaa A Ahmed
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasan F Makki
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Samir Naje
- College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, 51001 Babylon, Iraq
| | - Haider M Zwain
- College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, 51001 Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Dawood Salman
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University, Iraq
| | - Tatjána Juzsakova
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Sebestyen Viktor
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - B Van
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 550000 Danang, Viet Nam; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 550000 Danang, Viet Nam.
| | - Phuoc-Cuong Le
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Danang 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - D Duong La
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Um
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, HCM City 755414, Viet Nam.
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Belli TJ, Bassin JP, de Sousa Vidal CM, Hassemer MEN, Rodrigues C, Lapolli FR. Effects of solid retention time and exposure mode to electric current on Remazol Brilliant Violet removal in an electro-membrane bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58412-58427. [PMID: 36991202 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The performance of an electrochemically assisted anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O-eMBR) was assessed as an alternative for azo dye (Remazol Brilhant Violet (RBV)) removal from simulated textile wastewater. The A/O-eMBR was operated under three experimental conditions (runs I, II, and III), in which different solids retention time (SRT) (45 and 20 d) and exposure mode to electric current (6'ON/30'OFF and 6'ON/12'OFF) were assessed. The reactor exhibited excellent decolorization performance for all runs, with average dye removal efficiency ranging from 94.3 to 98.2%. Activity batch assays showed that the dye removal rate (DRR) decreased from 16.8 to 10.2 mg RBV L-1 h-1 when the SRT was reduced from 45 to 20 d, likely attributed to the lower biomass content under lower sludge age. At the electric current exposure mode of 6' ON/12'OFF, a more substantial decrease of DRR to 1.5 mg RBV L-1 h-1 was noticed, suggesting a possible inhibitory effect on dye removal via biodegradation. By reducing the SRT to 20 d, a worse mixed liquor filterability condition was observed, with a membrane fouling rate (MFR) of 0.979 kPa d-1. In contrast, using the electric current exposure mode of 6'ON/12'OFF resulted in lower membrane fouling propensity, with an MFR of 0.333 kPa d-1. A more attractive cost-benefit ratio for dye removal was obtained using the exposure mode of 6'ON/30'OFF, for which the energy demand was estimated at 21.9-22.6 kWh kg dye-1 removed, almost two times lower than that observed for the mode of 6'ON/12'OFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago José Belli
- Civil Engineering Department, Santa Catarina State University, Ibirama, SC, ZIP 89140-000, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Bassin
- Chemical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68502, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Carlos Magno de Sousa Vidal
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Department, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), PR 153, Km 07, Riozinho, P.O. Box 21, Irati, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Eliza Nagel Hassemer
- Environmental Engineering Program, PPGEA, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, ZIP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rodrigues
- Environmental Engineering Program, PPGEA, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, ZIP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio Rubens Lapolli
- Environmental Engineering Program, PPGEA, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, ZIP 88040-900, Brazil
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10
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Jebur M, Cao Y, Malmali M, Qian X, Wickramasinghe SR. Treating hydraulic fracturing produced water by electrocoagulation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2023.2179492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Jebur
- Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - Yuhe Cao
- Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mahdi Malmali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Xianghong Qian
- Department of Biomedical engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - S. Ranil Wickramasinghe
- Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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11
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Sayın FE, Karatas O, Özbay İ, Gengec E, Khataee A. Treatment of real printing and packaging wastewater by combination of coagulation with Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135539. [PMID: 35779686 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Printing and packaging process wastewater (PPPW) with high flow rates causes severe damage to the environment due to high organic pollution (3830.0 mg O2/L of COD and 813.6 mg/L of TOC) and turbidity (9110 NTU). This study examined the efficiencies of coagulation, Fenton, and photo-Fenton procedures, and their combinations in the treatment of PPPW. The three inorganic salts (FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3, and Fe2(SO4)3) were used in a wide range of pH (2.5-10) as a coagulant, and FeCl3 was chosen as the optimum coagulant. The 71.3% of TOC removal and the decreasing of turbidity up to 5.8 NTU were obtained at 0.5 g/L FeCl3 and pH of 6.0. Then, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes were applied to the effluent of the coagulation process. The Fenton process engaged the TOC removal efficiencies up to 85.2% in the presence of 7.350 g/L iron catalysts and 36.0 mL/L H2O2. The combined coagulation and Fenton process is a promising way to decrease the COD up to 119 mg O2/L, meeting the wastewater discharge standards of COD (200 mg O2/L) in Turkey. However, adding UV sources to the Fenton process showed a little bit of engagement (only %1.4 extra removal). When evaluated for PPPW, it is seen that the usage of combined coagulation and the Fenton process is an important treatment alternative. Furthermore, Zeta potential measurements and size exclusion chromatography were used to understand the removal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ece Sayın
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, Izmit 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Okan Karatas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Technical University, 16310, Bursa, Turkey
| | - İsmail Özbay
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, Izmit 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Erhan Gengec
- Department of Environmental Protection Technology, Kocaeli University, 41275, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Turkey; Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666- 16471, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Zampeta C, Paparouni C, Tampakopoulos A, Frontistis Z, Charalampous N, Dailianis S, Koutsoukos PG, Paraskeva CA, Vayenas DV. Printing Ink Wastewater Treatment Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Coagulants/Flocculants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115975. [PMID: 35988399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Raw printing ink wastewater (PIW) was treated with various inorganic coagulants and organic flocculants (anionic and cationic polyacrylamides). These processes were also examined as post treatment step following hydrodynamic cavitation. Treatment effectiveness was assessed through color, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. The addition of 4500 mg L-1 polyaluminum chloride coagulant in undiluted PIW (COD: 17000 mg L-1) resulted in 99% color removal, 96% COD and TSS removal, after settling for 2 h. The addition of 10 mg L-1 of anionic polyacrylamides in the sample reduced settling time to only 5 min, with concomitant 96-98% removal efficiency. The addition of a 4 min hydrodynamic cavitation pretreatment step reduced coagulant addition by 33%, for the treatment of undiluted PIW (with 10 mg L-1 anionic polyacrylamide), while removals were ranged between 96 and 98%. Economic analysis for the undiluted PIW showed that costs were reduced by ca. 20% with the hydrodynamic cavitation pretreatment step. Moreover, sludge characterization showed the presence of maghemite, aluminum chloride and potassium aluminum silicate. Finally, toxicity tests revealed a significant attenuation of the toxic potential of undiluted PIW, thus indicating the enhanced efficiency of the proposed combined process (hydrodynamic cavitation and coagulation/flocculation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Zampeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.
| | - Chrysanthi Paparouni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Andreas Tampakopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR-50100, Kozani, Greece
| | - Nikolina Charalampous
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece
| | - P G Koutsoukos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - C A Paraskeva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.
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13
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Zampeta C, Arvanitaki F, Frontistis Z, Charalampous N, Dailianis S, Koutsoukos PG, Vayenas DV. Printing ink wastewater treatment using combined hydrodynamic cavitation and pH fixation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115404. [PMID: 35636103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Printing ink wastewater (PIW) carries a heavy load of pollutants, the composition of which makes treatment difficult, especially when trying to minimize the pollution load. According to the latter, the present study aims to investigate PIW treatment with different various methods and to determine the maximum color, COD (chemical oxygen demand) and TSS (total suspended solids) removal. First, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was tested and the effect of hydrogen peroxide dosage (0-10 g L-1), and pH (3, 5, 8, 10) was examined concerning the removal of PIW initial COD concentrations 4000 and 8000 mg L-1. Removal was high (more than 81%) only at pH 5 in HC reactor. The second method involved treatment with separate pH fixation of the undiluted PIW (COD 17000 mg L-1, actual pH 8 ± 0.2). This treatment, maximized removals, reaching reduction of the initial values more than 91%, at pH 5. Finally, PIW was treated with a combination of the above methods, leading to 93-97% removals for 8000 mg L-1 PIW treatment and 97-99% for 17000 mg L-1 PIW respectively. Process cost calculations showed that the latter method is an effective and affordable treatment method for PIW streams, while toxicity tests of the treated PIW showed substantial toxicity reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Zampeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Foteini Arvanitaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR-50100, Kozani, Greece
| | - Nikolina Charalampous
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece
| | - P G Koutsoukos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.
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14
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Zampeta C, Mastrantonaki M, Katsaouni N, Frontistis Z, Koutsoukos PG, Vayenas DV. Treatment of printing ink wastewater using a continuous flow electrocoagulation reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:115033. [PMID: 35427942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Printing ink wastewater from printing facilities is difficult to treat because of its heavy pollutant load (chemical oxygen demand - COD, color and total suspended solids - TSS). In this study undiluted printing ink wastewater with high COD (i.e., 20,000 mgL-1) was treated using a highly efficient, continuous flow electrocoagulation reactor with aluminum electrodes. The parameters investigated were: initial COD concentration (4000, 10,000 and 20,000 mgL-1), current density (21, 42 and 83 mAcm-2), and inlet flow rate (6, 8 and 10 mLmin-1). All parameters showed great efficiency in terms of pollutant removal for diluted printing ink wastewater. For undiluted printing ink wastewater treatment, COD, color, and TSS removal were maximized at 6 mLmin-1 flow rate reaching 82%, 98%, and 85% COD, color, and TSS removal, respectively, by applying the lower tested current density 21 mAcm-2. COD, color and TSS removal increased with increasing current density. For undiluted printing ink wastewater and a flow rate of 8 mLmin-1, COD removal was between 42 and 88%, color reduction between 85 and 99%, and TSS reduction between 83 and 98% when the applied current was increased (from 21 to 83 mAcm-2). Lower pollutant removal was observed at the highest flow rate of 10 mLmin-1 for all current densities tested. Process cost calculations in terms of electrical energy, electrode material consumption and sludge disposal, showed that the use of continuous flow electrocoagulation reactor (with flow rate 6 mLmin-1, and at 21 mAcm-2) is an affordable and effective treatment method for printing ink wastewater streams with very high COD. Sludge characterization showed Al-silicate-rich sludge. Particle sizes increased after treatment and Cu and Ti were detected in the sludge. A post-treatment stage is necessary before discharging effluent into water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Zampeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Maria Mastrantonaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Niki Katsaouni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR-50100, Kozani, Greece.
| | - P G Koutsoukos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.
| | - Dimitris V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.
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15
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Zampeta C, Bertaki K, Triantaphyllidou IE, Frontistis Z, Koutsoukos PG, Vayenas DV. Pilot-scale hybrid system combining hydrodynamic cavitation and sedimentation for the decolorization of industrial inks and printing ink wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114108. [PMID: 34784569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A pilot-scale hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) system followed by sedimentation (SED) was used for the decolorization of 5 industrial-grade inks, a fluid containing a mixture of the five industrial grade inks (MIX) and printing ink wastewater (PIW). The pilot scale HC reactor combines a Venturi tube with a 31 holes orifice plate accommodated in the vena-contracta of Venturi. The study aimed to define optimal operating conditions, i.e., hydrogen peroxide concentration (H2O2), pH and combined HC/SED treatment time, to achieve decolorization and reduce HC operation time. Under the optimal conditions at the proposed HC/SED system, color removal reached 92%, 91%, 90%,98% and 90%, for black, red, yellow, cyan, and green ink respectively (at pH 8 without H2O2 addition). In the same system, color removal for PIW was 92%, whereas for MIX decolorization reached more than 90% for all the wavelengths in the selected spectrum 300-700 nm at HC/SED system (at pH 8 and 1 g L-1 hydrogen peroxide). The suspended particles were characterized by measurements of the particle size distribution and of the respective zeta potential. The equivalent cavitation yields, electric energy consumption and operating costs were calculated. The present work's results suggested that HC combined with sedimentation has a great potential for real applications and is superior compared to other technologies (i.e., H2O2 alone, sedimentation alone or even HC with or without H2O).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Zampeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Kleio Bertaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR-50100, Kozani, Greece
| | - P G Koutsoukos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.
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16
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Dailianis S, Charalampous N, Giokas S, Vlastos D, Efthimiou I, Dormousoglou M, Cocilovo C, Faggio C, Shehu A, Shehu J, Lyberatos G, Ntaikou I. Chemical and biological tracking in decentralized sanitation systems: The case of artificial constructed wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113799. [PMID: 34560464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Given that the social and economic sustainability of rural areas is highly based on the protection of natural resources, biodiversity and human health, simple-operated and cost-effective wastewater treatment systems, like artificial constructed wetlands (CWs), are widely proposed for minimizing the environmental and human impact of both water and soil pollution. Considering that the optimization of wastewater treatment processes is vital for the reduction of effluents toxic potential, there is imperative need to establish appropriate management strategies for ensuring CW performance and operational efficiency. To this end, the present study aimed to assess the operational efficiency of a horizontal free water surface CW (HFWS-CW) located in a world heritage area of Western Greece, via a twelve-month duration Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE)-like approach, including both chemical and biological tracking tools. Conventional chemical tracking, by means of pH, conductivity, total COD, and nitrogen-derived components, like nitrates and ammonia-nitrogen, were monthly recorded in both influents and effluents to monitor whether water quality standards are maintained, and to assess potent CW operational deficiencies occurring over time. In parallel, Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) bioassays were thoroughly applied, using freshwater algae and higher plant species (producers), crustaceans and rotifers (consumers), as well as human lymphocytes (in terms of Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus assay) to evaluate the acute and short-term toxic and hazardous potential of both influents and effluents. The integrated analysis of abiotic (physicochemical parameters) and biotic (toxic endpoints) parameters, as well as the existence of "cause-effect" interrelations among them, revealed that CW operational deficiencies, mainly based on poorly removal rates, could undermine the risk posed by treated sewage. Those findings reinforce the usage of WET testing, thus giving rise to the importance of applying appropriate water management strategies and optimization actions, like oxygen enrichment of surface and bottom of HFWS-CW basins, expansion of the available land, the enhancement of bed depth and seasonal harvesting of plants, for ensuring sewage quality, in favor of water resources protection and sustainable growth in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, 26500, GR, Patras, Greece.
| | - Nikolina Charalampous
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, 26500, GR, Patras, Greece
| | - Sinos Giokas
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, 26500, GR, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | | | - Claudia Cocilovo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 98166, S. Agata-Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 98166, S. Agata-Messina, Italy
| | - Alma Shehu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Blv. "ZOG I", Tirana, Albania
| | - Julian Shehu
- Flora and Fauna Research Center, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Albania
| | - Gerasimos Lyberatos
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas (ICEHT/FORTH), 10 Stadiou St., Platani, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna Ntaikou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas (ICEHT/FORTH), 10 Stadiou St., Platani, 26504, Patras, Greece
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17
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The Effect of Anode Material on the Performance of a Hydrogen Producing Microbial Electrolysis Cell, Operating with Synthetic and Real Wastewaters. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14248375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of anode materials, namely a carbon nanotube (CNT)-buckypaper and a commercial carbon paper (CP) on the performance of a two-chamber microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), in terms of hydrogen production and main electrochemical characteristics. The experiments were performed using both acetate-based synthetic wastewater and real wastewater, specifically the effluent of a dark fermentative hydrogenogenic reactor (fermentation effluent), using cheese whey (CW) as substrate. The results showed that CP led to higher hydrogen production efficiency and current density compared to the CNT-buckypaper anode, which was attributed to the better colonization of the CP electrode with electroactive microorganisms, due to the negative effects of CNT-based materials on the bacteria metabolism. By using the fermentation effluent as substrate, a two-stage process is developed, where dark fermentation (DF) of CW for hydrogen production occurs in the first step, while the DF effluent is used as substrate in the MEC, in the second step, to further increase hydrogen production. By coupling DF-MEC, a dual environmental benefit is provided, combining sustainable bioenergy generation together with wastewater treatment, a fact that is also reinforced by the toxicity data of the current study.
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18
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Bote ME. Studies on electrode combination for COD removal from domestic wastewater using electrocoagulation. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08614. [PMID: 34977420 PMCID: PMC8688571 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical method that uses sacrificial electrodes to remediate wastewater. The combination of electrodes for the treatment of domestic wastewater is the factor that influences the removal efficiency of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) by using the electrocoagulation process. Aluminum and Iron electrodes are combined as anode-cathode and cathode-anode in Al-Al, Fe-Fe, Al-Fe, and Fe-Al. Different factors are considered to evaluate the removal efficiency of COD like; pH (3-9), reaction time (15-60 min), and current density (9.23-45 A/m2). Based on this influencing factor Al-Al and Fe-Fe can remove COD up to 87.5 % and 90 % respectively. Similarly, 87.5 % and 88.89 % of COD were removed, when aluminum and iron were combined as Al-Fe and Fe-Al respectively. In addition, the effects of different operating parameters were discussed on the removal percentage of COD. This indicated that the combination of electrode influence the removal efficiency of COD using the electrocoagulation process under different operating parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Million Ebba Bote
- Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Po Box - 378, Ethiopia
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19
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Barhoum A, Favre T, Sayegh S, Tanos F, Coy E, Iatsunskyi I, Razzouk A, Cretin M, Bechelany M. 3D Self-Supported Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanofiber Electrodes Incorporated Co/CoO x Nanoparticles: Application to Dyes Degradation by Electro-Fenton-Based Process. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102686. [PMID: 34685127 PMCID: PMC8540561 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We developed free-standing nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber (CNF) electrodes incorporating Co/CoOx nanoparticles (NPs) as a new cathode material for removing Acid Orange 7 (AO7; a dye for wool) from wastewater by the heterogeneous electro-Fenton reaction. We produced the free-standing N-doped CNF electrodes by electrospinning a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and cobalt acetate solution followed by thermal carbonation of the cobalt acetate/PAN nanofibers under a nitrogen atmosphere. We then investigated electro-Fenton-based removal of AO7 from wastewater with the free-standing N-doped-CNFs-Co/CoOx electrodes, in the presence or not of Fe2+ ions as a co-catalyst. The electrochemical analysis showed the high stability of the prepared N-doped-CNF-Co/CoOx electrodes in electrochemical oxidation experiments with excellent degradation of AO7 (20 mM) at acidic to near neutral pH values (3 and 6). Electro-Fenton oxidation at 10 mA/cm2 direct current for 40 min using the N-doped-CNF-Co/CoOx electrodes loaded with 25 wt% of Co/CoOx NPs led to complete AO7 solution decolorization with total organic carbon (TOC) removal values of 92.4% at pH 3 and 93.3% at pH 6. The newly developed N-doped-CNF-Co/CoOx electrodes are an effective alternative technique for wastewater pre-treatment before the biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (S.S.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, Fraunhofer Project Centre, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Therese Favre
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (S.S.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Syreina Sayegh
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (S.S.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
- Laboratoire d’Analyses Chimiques, Faculty of Sciences, LAC—Lebanese University, Jdeidet 90656, Lebanon;
| | - Fida Tanos
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (S.S.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
- Laboratoire d’Analyses Chimiques, Faculty of Sciences, LAC—Lebanese University, Jdeidet 90656, Lebanon;
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, 3, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej Str., 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (E.C.); (I.I.)
| | - Igor Iatsunskyi
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, 3, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej Str., 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (E.C.); (I.I.)
| | - Antonio Razzouk
- Laboratoire d’Analyses Chimiques, Faculty of Sciences, LAC—Lebanese University, Jdeidet 90656, Lebanon;
| | - Marc Cretin
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (S.S.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; (T.F.); (S.S.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.B.)
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Lavado GJ, Baderna D, Gadaleta D, Ultre M, Roy K, Benfenati E. Ecotoxicological QSAR modeling of the acute toxicity of organic compounds to the freshwater crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130652. [PMID: 34162072 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Growing interest in environmental toxicity assessment using Thamnocephalus platyurus as organism has led to an increased availability of acute toxicity data. Despite this growing interest in tests with this organism, however, to the best of our knowledge there are no computational models to predict the acute toxicity in T. platyurus. In view of the limited number of in silico models for this crustacean, we developed Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models for the prediction of acute toxicity towards T. platyurus, reflected by the 24h LC50, using publicly available data according to the ISO 14380:2011 guideline. Two models were developed following the principles of QSAR modeling recommended by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). We used partial least squares and gradient boosting machine techniques, which gave encouraging statistical quality in our data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna J Lavado
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| | - Domenico Gadaleta
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Ultre
- ECOTOX LDS S.r.l., via G. Battista Vico 7, 20010, Milan, Italy
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
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21
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Sher F, Iqbal SZ, Rasheed T, Hanif K, Sulejmanović J, Zafar F, Lima EC. Coupling of electrocoagulation and powder activated carbon for the treatment of sustainable wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48505-48516. [PMID: 33909245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present research work is based on an electrochemical technique in combination with powdered activated carbon (PAC) for the removal of micropollutants by adsorption as an advanced stage purification step from effluents of pilot plant wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The effluents of sedimentation tank comprised of wastewater plus PAC (WWPAC). The pilot plant mainly consists of two parts: the first one consists of electrocoagulation (EC) reactor, and the second consists of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) discs and electroflotation (EF) setup. The electrocoagulation (EC) reactor consisted of the electrode material (Al and Fe). Both types of electrodes have been tested with the outflow of sedimentation tank. The outflow from the sedimentation tank has been entered into the EC reactor for the determination of EC reactor efficacy for the successful accomplishment of EC process at the designed pilot plant for WW treatment. The effect of different operational parameters, PAC dosage (20 mg), electrode nature (Fe and Al) and current density (0.34-2.02 A/m2), has been studied to find out the optimum conditions. Sludge volume index (SVI) of the sludge, thermogravimetric (TG), differential thermal analyses (DTA) and particle size distribution (PSD) of the flocs generated after the EC process has also been studied. The turbidity, pH and conductivity of effluents before and after EC treatment have also been carried out. The research work performed detailed analysis of the wastewater effluents at pilot plant scale and gave promising results for future work in advance wastewater treatment direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Sher
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental and Computing, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
| | - Sania Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Coventry, UK
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Kashif Hanif
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental and Computing, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Coventry, UK
| | - Jasmina Sulejmanović
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Fatima Zafar
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, Porto Alegre, RS, ZIP 91501-970, Brazil
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22
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Mousazadeh M, Niaragh EK, Usman M, Khan SU, Sandoval MA, Al-Qodah Z, Khalid ZB, Gilhotra V, Emamjomeh MM. A critical review of state-of-the-art electrocoagulation technique applied to COD-rich industrial wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43143-43172. [PMID: 34164789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the emerging technologies in groundwater and wastewater treatment as it combines the benefits of coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, and electrochemical oxidation processes. Extensive research efforts implementing EC technology have been executed over the last decade to treat chemical oxygen demand (COD)-rich industrial wastewaters with the aim to protect freshwater streams (e.g., rivers, lakes) from pollution. A comprehensive review of the available recent literature utilizing EC to treat wastewater with high COD levels is presented. In addition, recommendations are provided for future studies to improve the EC technology and broaden its range of application. This review paper introduces some technologies which are often adopted for industrial wastewater treatment. Then, the EC process is compared with those techniques as a treatment for COD-rich wastewater. The EC process is considered as the most privileged technology by different research groups owing to its ability to deal with abundant volumes of wastewater. After, the application of EC as a single and combined treatment for COD-rich wastewaters is thoroughly reviewed. Finally, this review attempts to highlight the potentials and limitations of EC. Related to the EC process in batch operation mode, the best operational conditions are found at 10 V and 60 min of voltage and reaction time, respectively. These last values guarantee high COD removal efficiencies of > 90%. This review also concludes that considerably large operation costs of the EC process appears to be the serious drawback and renders it as an unfeasible approach for handling of COD rich wastewaters. In the end, this review has attempted to highlights the potential and limitation of EC and suggests that vast notably research in the field of continuous flow EC system is essential to introduce this technology as a convincing wastewater technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Student research committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elnaz Karamati Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 20173, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202001, India
| | - Miguel Angel Sandoval
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zaied Bin Khalid
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Vishakha Gilhotra
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UIE Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Metali Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UIE Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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24
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Benekos AK, Tsigara M, Zacharakis S, Triantaphyllidou IE, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Katsaounis A, Vayenas DV. Combined electrocoagulation and electrochemical oxidation treatment for groundwater denitrification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 285:112068. [PMID: 33581453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) with an aluminum electrode arrangement as anode-cathode was applied to denitrify groundwater and electrooxidation (EO) was examined as a post-treatment step to remove the produced by-products. Initially, EC experiments were performed under batch operating mode using artificially-polluted tap water to investigate the effects of initial pH (5.5, 7.5, 8.5), initial NO3--N concentration (25, 35, 45, 55 mg L-1) and applied current density (10, 20 mA cm-2) on process efficiency. The effect of initial solution pH on ammonium cation concentration was also investigated as their generation (as a by-product) is the main drawback preventing wide-scale application of these treatment processes. Experimental results revealed high nitrate removal percentages (up to 96.3%) for initial pH 7.5 and all initial concentrations and current densities, while the final ammonium concentrations ranged between 5.3 and 9.2 mg NH4+-N L-1 (for initial NO3--N of 25 mg L-1). Therefore, EO was examined to oxidize the ammonium cations to nitrogen gas on iridium oxide coated titanium electrodes (IrO2/Ti) anode surface. The effects of cathode material (aluminum, stainless steel), total current density and anode surface area (3.3-30 mA cm-2 and 12-36 cm2, respectively) were investigated, and lead to NH4+-N percentage removals of between 25% (10 mA cm-2, 12 cm2) and 100% (30 mA cm-2, 24 cm2) for an initial NH4+-N concentration of 10 mg L-1. The optimum EC (20 mA cm-2, natural initial pH 7.5-7.8) and EO parameters (30 mA cm-2, 24 cm2 surface area anode, Al cathode) were combined into a hybrid system to treat two real nitrate-polluted groundwaters with initial NO3--N concentrations of 25 and 75 mg L-1. Results revealed that the proposed hybrid treatment system can be used to efficiently remove nitrate from groundwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas K Benekos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Tsigara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Stergios Zacharakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Alexandros Katsaounis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.
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25
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Thuy NT, Hoan NX, Van Thanh D, Khoa PM, Tai NT, Hoang PQH, Huy NN. Application of Electrocoagulation for Printing Wastewater Treatment: From Laboratory to Pilot Scale. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2021. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2019.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Perumalsamy R, Kumaran C, Rajamanickam V. Utilization of Waste Aluminium Foil as a Sacrificial Electrode for the Treatment of Wastewater. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2021. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2020.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Treatment of mature landfill leachate by electrocoagulation followed by Fenton or UVA-LED photo-Fenton processes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Madhavan MA, Antony SP. Effect of polarity shift on the performance of electrocoagulation process for the treatment of produced water. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128052. [PMID: 33297063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrocoagulation (EC) system for the treatment of produced water (PW), with a provision to shift polarity is designed with the aim of reducing the problems resulting from electrode passivation. The enhancement of performance in terms of the rate and completion of the pollutant removal, energy and electrode consumption, sludge formation and ultimately the operating cost has been investigated by performing statistically designed experiments using RSM. The switching mode operation of EC had brought about significant improvement in the oil removal than the conventional mode. The polarity changeover in short span of batch recirculation time (BRT) was found to be more effective. Greater current density (CD) and supporting electrolyte concentration (SC) were found to enable a still lower switchover time (SOT) so that changeover frequency can further be increased. It was possible to remove a maximum of 99% COD and 98% Oil & Grease from a PW sample having initial concentration of 360 mgL-1of oil (1280 mgL- 1COD) at BRT of 15 min, CD of 1.6 Adm-2, SC of 3 gL-1 and SOT of 1 min. The combination of operating variables (BRT- 3 min, CD- 2.14 Adm-2SC- 3 gL-1and SOT- 1.9 min) giving minimum operating cost (0.65 US$/kg COD removed) achieving oil removal (88%) meeting discharge standards was found out by optimizing the RSM models for cost and oil removal. The method can be considered as an effective alternative for treating PW especially in offshore oil basins where time and space are the major constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manilal A Madhavan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Soloman P Antony
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
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29
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Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The separation performance, energy demand, and operating costs of electro-coagulation (EC) are compared to conventional chemical coagulation for oil–water separation using a simulated oil- and gas-produced water matrix. An iron-based chemical coagulant and sacrificial iron electrodes are evaluated. Effluent turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and oil and grease (O&G) removal were determined for various coagulant concentrations and reaction times and current densities. Chemical coagulation produced superior turbidity removal when scaled by the total iron dose. At lower iron doses (<500 mg/L), chemical coagulation yielded better COD, turbidity, and O&G removal. However, chemical coagulation was unable to effectively remove contaminants to meet the offshore discharge limit of 29 ppm O&G. At higher iron doses, EC was more effective at removing COD and O&G. The energy consumption of EC was found to be much higher even when factoring in the energy of production, transporting, and mixing of chemical coagulants, but the overall cost of EC was approximately half the cost of chemical coagulation, and more effective at O&G removal.
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30
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Javed F, Ahmad SW, Ikhlaq A, Rehman A, Saleem F. Elimination of basic blue 9 by electrocoagulation coupled with pelletized natural dead leaves ( Sapindus mukorossi) biosorption. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 23:462-473. [PMID: 33000971 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1825328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of basic blue 9 (BB-9), a cationic textile dye, by electrocoagulation coupled with biosorption exploiting pelletized natural dead leaves (PNDL) of Sapindus mukorossi, an economic alternative biosorbent, was investigated. The experimental runs were conducted in a laboratory-scale hybrid reactor loaded with Al electrodes, aeration spargers and PNDL packed twin suspended buckets. The pelletized adsorbents offer key advantages of good mechanical stability, lesser clogging risk, and easy disengagement as compared to powdered adsorbents. The parameters of current density, pH, PNDL dose, and initial dye concentration were studied for the decolorization and COD removal efficiency. The experimental results revealed that up to 99.9% decolorization and 90.01% COD removal efficiency achieved after 8 min at optimum condition of current density (j)=20.27 mA/cm2, pH = 9, PNDL dose = 6 g/L, and initial dye concentration = 50 mg/L. The BB-9 elimination followed the first-order kinetics with K1=0.318 min-1 and R2=0.997. The results revealed the potential of PNDL as a feasible biosorbent with the effective performance of the coupled process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Javed
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syed Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amir Ikhlaq
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Faisal Saleem
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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31
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Bendaia M, Hazourli S, Aitbara A, Nait Merzoug N. Performance of electrocoagulation for food azo dyes treatment in aqueous solution: optimization, kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamic study and mechanisms. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1806883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Bendaia
- Laboratory of Water Treatment and Valorization of Industrial Wastes, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji-Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Sabir Hazourli
- Laboratory of Water Treatment and Valorization of Industrial Wastes, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji-Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Adel Aitbara
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Chadli Bendjedid University, El Tarf, Algeria
| | - Nesrine, Nait Merzoug
- Laboratory of Water Treatment and Valorization of Industrial Wastes, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji-Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
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32
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Papadopoulos KP, Economou CN, Dailianis S, Charalampous N, Stefanidou N, Moustaka-Gouni M, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Vayenas DV. Brewery wastewater treatment using cyanobacterial-bacterial settleable aggregates. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Papadopoulos KP, Economou CN, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Vayenas DV. Two-step treatment of brewery wastewater using electrocoagulation and cyanobacteria-based cultivation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 265:110543. [PMID: 32275250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study combines electrocoagulation (EC) and cyanobacteria-based cultivation for the two-step treatment of brewery wastewater (BW), with the aim to develop a viable alternative to conventional activated sludge technology. The first step applied EC as a pretreatment method, using different electrode materials (aluminum and iron), to remove color and some pollutant load from the BW. After 30 min of EC treatment, decolorization of BW exceeded 80% for both electrode materials and a 100% reduction of total suspended solids was achieved. In the second step, the electrochemically pretreated BW was used as substrate for a cyanobacteria-based cultivation. After 15 days of cultivation total biomass concentrations (containing up to 50% carbohydrates) reached 525.0 mg L-1 and 740.0 mg L-1, for aluminum- and iron-pretreated BW, respectively. Moreover, the cyanobacterial community assimilated most of the residual aluminum and iron produced by the EC process, therefore verifying its bioremediation abilities. The combined process also proved effective at pollutant removal (89.1%, 100%, 89.4%, 98.5% and 91.6% of nitrate, ammonium, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand, respectively). The two-stage treatment method proposed could offer a promising alternative to conventional BW treatment technologies as it combines both efficiency and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina N Economou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
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34
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Ghanbari F, Wu J, Khatebasreh M, Ding D, Lin KYA. Efficient treatment for landfill leachate through sequential electrocoagulation, electrooxidation and PMS/UV/CuFe2O4 process. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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35
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Jia L, Liu W, Cao J, Wu Z, Yang C. Modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes assisted foam fractionation for effective removal of acid orange 7 from the dyestuff wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 262:110260. [PMID: 32090883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) had been used to strengthen the removal of acid orange 7 (AO7) from the dyestuff wastewater by using foam fractionation. First, the surface modification of MWCNTs was performed by introducing hypochlorite groups (-OCl). The modified MWCNTs were characterized by using SEM, XRD, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Subsequently, the potential of modified MWCNTs as a novel collector for AO7 adsorption was examined. The adsorption conditions of modified MWCNTs towards AO7 were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD). The adsorption capacity of modified MWCNTs towards AO7 could reach 47.72 ± 0.79 mg·g-1 under the optimum conditions. The kinetics and the equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by using different kinetic and isotherm models. According to the regression results, adsorption kinetics data were well described by pseudo-second order model, whereas adsorption isotherm data were best represented by Langmuir isotherm model. Finally, foam fractionation was performed with a batch mode. Under the suitable conditions of loading liquid volume 300 mL, modified MWCNTs dosage 180 mg, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) concentration 50 mg·L-1, AO7 concentration 30 mg·L-1, pore diameter of gas distributor 0.125 mm and air flow rate 100 mL·min-1, the removal percentage and enrichment ratio of AO7 were 91.23% and 6.17, respectively. The decolourization ratio of solution after foam fractionation was found to be 98.66%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, No.8 Guangrong Road, Dingzi Gu, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, No.8 Guangrong Road, Dingzi Gu, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Jilin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Zhaoliang Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, No.8 Guangrong Road, Dingzi Gu, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, No.8 Guangrong Road, Dingzi Gu, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, China
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36
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Tsouloufa A, Dailianis S, Karapanagioti HK, Manariotis ID. Physicochemical and Toxicological Assay of Leachate from Malt Spent Rootlets Biochar. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:634-641. [PMID: 32236702 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the leachate derived from biochar produced from malt spent rootlets (MSR) and to evaluate the required washing level in order to provide water free from inorganic substances. MSR biochar was placed in a column and subjected to six serial washes with distilled water, and the leachate was analysed for main anions and heavy metals. The 1st wash aliquot contained increased levels of mainly phosphates (980 mg/L) and chlorides (760 mg/L), and lower levels of nitrates, sulfates, fluoride and bromide, which were decreased over washes. Zero concentrations were observed after three washes for most anions. The increased levels of Zn, Be, Cs, Mn, V and Se determined in the 1st wash aliquot were eliminated in the successive washes. The toxic potency of each wash aliquot, determined by the use of the fairy shrimp Thamnocephalus platyurus showed that the 1st and 2nd MSR biochar leachates were toxic with 4.52 and 1.46 toxic units (TU), respectively, followed by a significant elimination of toxicity after further washes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyro Tsouloufa
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis D Manariotis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
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Techno-Economic Analysis of Electrocoagulation on Water Reclamation and Bacterial/Viral Indicator Reductions of a High-Strength Organic Wastewater—Anaerobic Digestion Effluent. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12072697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of iron and aluminum and their combinations as electrodes to determine the technically sound and economically feasible electrochemical approach for the treatment of anaerobic digestion effluent. The results indicated that the use of iron as anode and cathode is the most suitable solution among different electrode combinations. The reduction of turbidity, total chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococci, and phages in the reclaimed water were 99%, 91%, 100%, 1.5 log, 1.7 log, 1.0 log, and 2.0 log, respectively. The economic assessment further concluded that the average treatment cost is $3 per 1000 L for a small-scale operation handling 3000 L wastewater/day. This study demonstrated that the electrocoagulation (EC) is a promising technique for the recovery and reclamation of water from anaerobic digestion effluent. Even though its energy consumption is higher and the nitrogen removal is insufficient compared to some conventional wastewater treatment technologies, there are several advantages of the EC treatment, such as short retention time, small footprint, no mixing, and gradual addition of coagulants. These features make EC technology applicable to be used alone or combined with other technologies for a wide range of wastewater treatment applications.
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Syam Babu D, Anantha Singh TS, Nidheesh PV, Suresh Kumar M. Industrial wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation process. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1671866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Syam Babu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - T. S. Anantha Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deenadayal Petroleum University, Gujarat, India
| | - P. V. Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - M. Suresh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
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39
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Arturi TS, Seijas CJ, Bianchi GL. A comparative study on the treatment of gelatin production plant wastewater using electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01738. [PMID: 31193809 PMCID: PMC6543083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effluents from gelatin production plants are highly complex and difficult to treat by conventional methods. The Electrocoagulation (EC) technique was evaluated to treat effluents that contain a heavy load of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and a large quantity of suspended solids. This paper presents results of laboratory scale studies that compare the performance of Chemical Coagulation (CC) with aluminum salts and EC with aluminum electrodes. The heavy organic load and suspended solids in this kind of wastewater lead to low performance in the secondary treatment. SEM-EDS were used to analyze the sludge formed in the EC process and the removal mechanism of pollutants from the wastewater. The structure and composition of the precipitates at different operation conditions, such as pH, show that EC has increased efficiency of COD removal, compared to CC with the same dose of aluminum (Al+3) as coagulant. The efficiency of COD removal was 73.6% with EC and 55.6% with CC. The in-situ formation of zeolites in the EC process explains the high efficiency of this treatment compared to the CC process. The zeolite formation during the EC process in the wastewater of the gelatin production plant has not been reported until now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gustavo L. Bianchi
- Energy and Environmental Innovation Group, Malvinas Institute, Faculty of Engineering, National University of La Plata, Diagonal 80 No 372, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina
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