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Albuquerque LWN, Ferreira SCA, Nunes ICM, Santos HCN, Santos MS, Varjão MTS, Silva AEDA, Leite AB, Duarte AWF, Alexandre-Moreira MS, Queiroz ACDE. In vitro evaluation against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania chagasi of medicinal plant species of interest to the Unified Health System. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230888. [PMID: 39046021 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3764202420230888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease of public health relevance that demands new therapeutic alternatives due to the toxicity of conventional treatments. In this study, 27 plants of interest to the Unified Health System (SUS) were evaluated for cytotoxicity in macrophages, leishmanicidal activity and production of nitric oxide (NO). None of the species demonstrated cytotoxicity to macrophages (CC50 >100 μg/mL). Extracts from Chenopodium ambrosioides, Equisetum arvense, Maytenus ilicifolia showed greater efficacy in inducing the death of Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes with IC50 of 68.4, 82.3, 75.7 μg/mL, respectively. The species Cynara scolymus, Punica granatum and Passiflora alata were the most effective in inducing an increase in the indirect concentration of NO (41.31, 29.30 and 28.86 µM, respectively) in cultures of macrophages infected with L. amazonensis. Furthermore, Punica granatum was also the most effective species in inducing an increase in NO in macrophages infected by Leishmania chagasi (19.90 µM). The results obtained so far support the continuation of studies, with the possibility of developing safer and more effective treatments for leishmaniasis, using natural products. The identification of plants that stimulate the production of NO in macrophages infected by Leishmania opens doors for more detailed investigations of the mechanism of action of these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilyana Waleska N Albuquerque
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Shakira C A Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Izabelly Carollynny M Nunes
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Hilda Caroline N Santos
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Santos
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Márcio Thomaz S Varjão
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Amanda Evelyn DA Silva
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Anderson B Leite
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Alysson W F Duarte
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Centro de Ciências Médicas e de Enfermagem, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Campus Arapiraca, Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa, s/n, Bom Sucesso, 57309-005 Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Aline C DE Queiroz
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Centro de Ciências Médicas e de Enfermagem, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Campus Arapiraca, Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa, s/n, Bom Sucesso, 57309-005 Arapiraca, AL, Brazil
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Kandsi F, Lafdil FZ, El Hachlafi N, Jeddi M, Bouslamti M, El Fadili M, Seddoqi S, Gseyra N. Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants: bridging traditional knowledge, photochemistry, preclinical investigations, and toxicological validation for health benefits. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:969-1001. [PMID: 37552317 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysphania ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiaceae) is a Moroccan medicinal plant known locally as "M'Khinza." It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat numerous ailments, such as diabetes, digestive disorders, fever, fertility problems, immune disorders, hypertension, bronchitis, respiratory conditions, pharyngitis, cough, and flu. As part of this review, comprehensive preclinical investigations, including in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies, were conducted to better understand the mechanisms of action of D. ambrosioides. Additionally, the phytochemical profile of the plant was examined, highlighting the presence of certain bioactive secondary metabolites. The information was gathered from electronic data sources such as Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, and Google Scholars. Numerous studies have mentioned the pharmacological properties of D. ambrosioides, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Furthermore, research has also suggested its potential as an anticancer, antidiabetic, and vasorelaxant agent. Phytochemical characterization of D. ambrosioides has revealed the presence of over 96 major bioactive compounds, including terpenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and fatty acids. As for the toxicity of this plant, it is dose-dependent. Furthermore, more in-depth pharmacological studies are needed to establish the mechanisms of action of this plant more accurately before considering clinical trials. In conclusion, this review highlights the traditional use of D. ambrosioides in Moroccan medicine and emphasizes its potential pharmacological properties. However, to fully harness its therapeutic potential, further research, both in terms of chemistry and pharmacology, is necessary. These future studies could help identify new active compounds and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of this plant, thus opening new prospects for its pharmaceutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Kandsi
- Laboratory of Bio-resources, Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Mohammed the First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Lafdil
- Laboratory of Bio-resources, Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Mohammed the First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Jeddi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouslamti
- Laboratories of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Fadili
- LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, BP 1796 Atlas, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Sara Seddoqi
- Laboratory of Bio-resources, Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Mohammed the First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nadia Gseyra
- Laboratory of Bio-resources, Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Mohammed the First University, Oujda, Morocco
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Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Protein Kinase Inhibition Profiling of C. ambrosioides Seed Extracts along with RP-HPLC. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6486717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The validation of underexplored traditional plant remedies represents a reservoir of novel leads for drug discovery. In line with this, in vitro total phenolics and flavonoids content, multimode antioxidants, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and protein kinase inhibition assays were conducted on C. ambrosioides seed extracts in addition to RP-HPLC. Methanol extract exhibited highest total phenolics (
gallic acid equivalent/mg) and flavonoids (
quercetin equivalent/mg) content. RP-HPLC quantified rutin (1.98 μg/mg) in methanol extract whereas quercetin (0.322 μg/mg) and kaempferol (2.86 μg/mg) in methanol-distilled water extract. Methanol extract exhibited highest ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) free radical (DPPH) scavenging (IC50 of
), total antioxidant capacity (
AAE/mg), and total reducing power (
AAE/mg). Highest antibacterial activity against K. pneumonia (
ZOI) and antifungal activity against F. solani (
ZOI) were shown by n-hexane and chloroform extracts, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited highest brine shrimps cytotoxicity (LC50 of 125 μg/ml). A noteworthy protein kinase inhibitory potential was shown by ethanol extract with a
bald zone. Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants can be completely explored by using multiple solvent system. This study makes C. ambrosioides, a resourceful prospect for the bioactivity-guided isolation of lead compounds.
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Figueiredo IFS, Araújo LG, Assunção RG, Dutra IL, Nascimento JR, Rego FS, Rolim CS, Alves LSR, Frazão MA, Cadete SF, da Silva LCN, de Sá JC, de Sousa EM, Elias WP, Nascimento FRF, Abreu AG. Cinnamaldehyde Increases the Survival of Mice Submitted to Sepsis Induced by Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030364. [PMID: 35326827 PMCID: PMC8944619 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several natural products have been investigated for their bactericidal potential, among these, cinnamaldehyde. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the activity of cinnamaldehyde in the treatment of animals with sepsis induced by extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Initially, the E. coli F5 was incubated with cinnamaldehyde to evaluate the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration. Animal survival was monitored for five days, and a subset of mice were euthanized after 10 h to evaluate histological, hematological, and immunological parameters, as well as the presence of bacteria in the organs. On the one hand, inoculation of bacterium caused the death of 100% of the animals within 24 h after infection. On the other hand, cinnamaldehyde (60 mg/kg) was able to keep 40% of mice alive after infection. The treatment significantly reduced the levels of cytokines in serum and peritoneum and increased the production of cells in both bone marrow and spleen, as well as lymphocytes at the infection site. Cinnamaldehyde was able to reduce tissue damage by decreasing the deleterious effects for the organism and contributed to the control of the sepsis and survival of animals; therefore, it is a promising candidate for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella F. S. Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (I.F.S.F.); (L.G.A.); (R.G.A.); (I.L.D.); (F.S.R.); (C.S.R.); (L.S.R.A.); (M.A.F.); (S.F.C.); (L.C.N.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.R.N.); (E.M.d.S.); (F.R.F.N.)
| | - Lorena G. Araújo
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (I.F.S.F.); (L.G.A.); (R.G.A.); (I.L.D.); (F.S.R.); (C.S.R.); (L.S.R.A.); (M.A.F.); (S.F.C.); (L.C.N.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Raissa G. Assunção
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (I.F.S.F.); (L.G.A.); (R.G.A.); (I.L.D.); (F.S.R.); (C.S.R.); (L.S.R.A.); (M.A.F.); (S.F.C.); (L.C.N.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.R.N.); (E.M.d.S.); (F.R.F.N.)
| | - Itaynara L. Dutra
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (I.F.S.F.); (L.G.A.); (R.G.A.); (I.L.D.); (F.S.R.); (C.S.R.); (L.S.R.A.); (M.A.F.); (S.F.C.); (L.C.N.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.R.N.); (E.M.d.S.); (F.R.F.N.)
| | - Johnny R. Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.R.N.); (E.M.d.S.); (F.R.F.N.)
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia S. Rego
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (I.F.S.F.); (L.G.A.); (R.G.A.); (I.L.D.); (F.S.R.); (C.S.R.); (L.S.R.A.); (M.A.F.); (S.F.C.); (L.C.N.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.)
| | - Carolina S. Rolim
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (I.F.S.F.); (L.G.A.); (R.G.A.); (I.L.D.); (F.S.R.); (C.S.R.); (L.S.R.A.); (M.A.F.); (S.F.C.); (L.C.N.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.)
| | - Leylane S. R. Alves
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (I.F.S.F.); (L.G.A.); (R.G.A.); (I.L.D.); (F.S.R.); (C.S.R.); (L.S.R.A.); (M.A.F.); (S.F.C.); (L.C.N.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.)
| | - Mariana A. Frazão
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (I.F.S.F.); (L.G.A.); (R.G.A.); (I.L.D.); (F.S.R.); (C.S.R.); (L.S.R.A.); (M.A.F.); (S.F.C.); (L.C.N.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.)
| | - Samilly F. Cadete
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (I.F.S.F.); (L.G.A.); (R.G.A.); (I.L.D.); (F.S.R.); (C.S.R.); (L.S.R.A.); (M.A.F.); (S.F.C.); (L.C.N.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.)
| | - Luís Cláudio N. da Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (I.F.S.F.); (L.G.A.); (R.G.A.); (I.L.D.); (F.S.R.); (C.S.R.); (L.S.R.A.); (M.A.F.); (S.F.C.); (L.C.N.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Joicy C. de Sá
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (I.F.S.F.); (L.G.A.); (R.G.A.); (I.L.D.); (F.S.R.); (C.S.R.); (L.S.R.A.); (M.A.F.); (S.F.C.); (L.C.N.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.R.N.); (E.M.d.S.); (F.R.F.N.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Waldir P. Elias
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Flávia R. F. Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.R.N.); (E.M.d.S.); (F.R.F.N.)
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Afonso G. Abreu
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil; (I.F.S.F.); (L.G.A.); (R.G.A.); (I.L.D.); (F.S.R.); (C.S.R.); (L.S.R.A.); (M.A.F.); (S.F.C.); (L.C.N.d.S.); (J.C.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.R.N.); (E.M.d.S.); (F.R.F.N.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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RAHAL ANU, KUMAR AMIT. Strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance in Indian scenario. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v91i2.113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major public health crisis recognised globally. Microbial infections cause significant productivity losses in animals and humans. In livestock, these microbial infections reduce the growth rates and fertility, diminish production of meat and milk, and occasionally lead to mortality, and are therefore, a major concern for animal welfare. In the dearth of alternative prophylactic measures, antibiotics remain the principal tool for their management. Once an antibiotic is used rampantly, resistance against it is inevidently seen in the microbe population and the hunt for a new drug grows. Discovery and development of a new antimicrobial drug is a time taking and expensive procedure with limited assurance of success. As a result, the past few decades have witnessed only a very few new classes of antibiotics. If the AMR can be restricted or reverted, the success rate of antimicrobial therapy can be boosted and many public health issues be avoided. All these ask for a comprehensive plan to prevent or reduce the antimicrobial resistance and economic losses to the animal husbandry sector. The present review provides an overview of AMR in India, mechanism of its occurrence and the possible roadmap to combat the emerging threat of AMR in Indian scenario.
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Ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents, and evidence-based pharmacological properties of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.: extensive overview. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Chenopodium genus is a plant family widely spread worldwide that includes various plant species reputed to possess several medicinal virtues in folk medicines. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is among the most used plants in traditional medicines worldwide. This review aimed to highlight ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical status, and pharmacological properties of C. ambrosioides L.
Main body of the abstract
The analysis of relevant data highlights various ethnomedicinal uses against human and veterinary diseases in forty countries. Most indications consisted of gastrointestinal tract dysfunctioning troubles and worms parasitemia. Around 330 chemical compounds have been identified in different plant parts, especially in its essential oil fractions (59.84%). However, only a few compounds—mainly monoterpenes and glycosides—have been isolated and characterized. Experimental pharmacological studies validated a large scale of significant health benefits. It appeared that many monoterpenes are antioxidant, insecticidal, trypanocidal, analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, acaricidal, amoebicidal, anthelmintic, anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antifertility, antifungal, anti-leishmanial, antimalarial, antipyretic, antisickling, antischistosomal, antiulcer, anxiolytic, immunomodulatory, molluscicidal, and vasorelaxant agents.
Short conclusion
Thus, the Chenopodium ambrosioides species necessitates further chemical studies to isolate and characterize new bioactive secondary metabolites and pharmacological investigations to precise the mechanisms of action before clinical trials.
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Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Essential Oil in Human Normal Liver Cell Line L02 via the Endogenous Mitochondrial Pathway Rather Than the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147469. [PMID: 34299918 PMCID: PMC8304090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (C. ambrosioides) has been used as dietary condiments and as traditional medicine in South America. The oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (C. ambrosioides) can be used as a natural antioxidant in food processing. It also has analgesic, sedating, and deworming effects, and can be used along with the whole plant for its medical effects: decongestion, as an insecticide, and to offer menstruation pain relief. This study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity and apoptosis effects of an essential oil from C. ambrosioides in vitro. The cytotoxicity evaluation of the essential oil from C. ambrosioides on human normal liver cell line L02 was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. AO/EB dual fluorescent staining assay and Annexin V-FITC were used for apoptosis analysis. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed with 5,5,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1,3,3,-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) dye under a fluorescence microscope. The level of apoptosis related protein expression was quantified by Western blot. The L02 cells were treated with the essential oil from C. ambrosioides at 24, 48, and 72 h, and the IC50 values were 65.45, 58.03, and 35.47 μg/mL, respectively. The AO/EB staining showed that viable apoptotic cells, non-viable apoptotic cells, and non-viable non-apoptotic cells appeared among the L02 cells under the fluorescence microscope. Cell cycle arrest at the S phase and cell apoptosis increased through flow cytometry in the L02 cells treated with the essential oil. MMP decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, as seen through JC-1 staining under the fluorescence microscope. In the L02 cells as shown by Western blot and qPCR, the amount of the apoptosis-related proteins and the mRNA expression levels of cytochrome C, Bax, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 increased, Bcl-2 decreased, and Caspase-12, which is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum, showed no obvious changes in protein amount or mRNA expression level. The essential oil form C. ambrosioides had a cytotoxic effect on L02 cells. It could inhibit L02 cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle at the S phase, and induce L02 cell apoptosis through the endogenous mitochondrial pathway.
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Attah AF, Fagbemi AA, Olubiyi O, Dada-Adegbola H, Oluwadotun A, Elujoba A, Babalola CP. Therapeutic Potentials of Antiviral Plants Used in Traditional African Medicine With COVID-19 in Focus: A Nigerian Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:596855. [PMID: 33981214 PMCID: PMC8108136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.596855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by an infectious novel strain of coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was earlier referred to as 2019-nCoV. The respiratory disease is the most consequential global public health crisis of the 21st century whose level of negative impact increasingly experienced globally has not been recorded since World War II. Up till now, there has been no specific globally authorized antiviral drug, vaccines, supplement or herbal remedy available for the treatment of this lethal disease except preventive measures, supportive care and non-specific treatment options adopted in different countries via divergent approaches to halt the pandemic. However, many of these interventions have been documented to show some level of success particularly the Traditional Chinese Medicine while there is paucity of well reported studies on the impact of the widely embraced Traditional African Medicines (TAM) adopted so far for the prevention, management and treatment of COVID-19. We carried out a detailed review of publicly available data, information and claims on the potentials of indigenous plants used in Sub-Saharan Africa as antiviral remedies with potentials for the prevention and management of COVID-19. In this review, we have provided a holistic report on evidence-based antiviral and promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of African medicinal plants based on in silico evidence, in vitro assays and in vivo experiments alongside the available data on their mechanistic pharmacology. In addition, we have unveiled knowledge gaps, provided an update on the effort of African Scientific community toward demystifying the dreadful SARS-CoV-2 micro-enemy of man and have documented popular anti-COVID-19 herbal claims emanating from the continent for the management of COVID-19 while the risk potentials of herb-drug interaction of antiviral phytomedicines when used in combination with orthodox drugs have also been highlighted. This review exercise may lend enough credence to the potential value of African medicinal plants as possible leads in anti-COVID-19 drug discovery through research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Francis Attah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adeshola Adebayo Fagbemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olujide Olubiyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hannah Dada-Adegbola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Anthony Elujoba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Chinedum Peace Babalola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Centre for Drug Discovery, Development and Production, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chrisland University, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Dougnon G, Ito M. Role of Ascaridole and p-Cymene in the Sleep-Promoting Effects of Dysphania ambrosioides Essential Oil via the GABAergic System in a ddY Mouse Inhalation Model. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:91-100. [PMID: 33325703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil obtained from Dysphania ambrosioides leaves (DAEO) has antifungal, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. This study investigated DAEO's chemical composition and its sleep-promoting effects via administration by inhalation in ddY mice. Ascaridole (35.5%) and p-cymene (47.2%) were the major components. To obtain insight into DAEO's effects on the central nervous system (CNS), ascaridole and p-cymene were evaluated for sedative activity by using the caffeine-treated excitatory mouse model. DAEO administration significantly decreased locomotor activity at all doses except 0.000 04 mg per 400 μL of triethyl citrate. Both ascaridole and p-cymene were highly effective in decreasing locomotor activity of excited mice by more than 50%. In addition, ascaridole and p-cymene prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping duration by 42% and 77%, respectively. These effects were antagonized by coadministration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA)-benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil (3 mg/kg), indicating that the GABAergic system mediates the sedative effect. Finally, inhaled ascaridole and p-cymene had no negative effect on motor coordination, as observed during the Rota-rod test. Therefore, via activation of the GABAergic system, ascaridole and p-cymene mediate the sleep-promoting effect of DAEO. The results further extend the knowledge on their use as potential promising natural products for the management of sleep disorders and CNS-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfried Dougnon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Michiho Ito
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Rodrigues JGM, Albuquerque PSV, Nascimento JR, Campos JAV, Godinho ASS, Araújo SJ, Brito JM, Jesus CM, Miranda GS, Rezende MC, Negrão-Corrêa DA, Rocha CQ, Silva LA, Guerra RNM, Nascimento FRF. The immunomodulatory activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides reduces the parasite burden and hepatic granulomatous inflammation in Schistosoma mansoni-infection. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113287. [PMID: 32858197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Folk medicine reports have described the use of Chenopodium ambrosioides as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anthelmintic herb. These effects, including its activity against intestinal worms, are already scientifically observed. However, the immunological mechanisms of this species in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infection are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the immunological and anti-Schistosoma mansoni effects of a crude Chenopodium ambrosioides hydro-alcoholic extract (HCE). MATERIALS AND METHODS For the in vitro analysis, cercariae and adult worms were exposed to different concentrations (0 to 10,000 μg/mL) of the HCE. For the in vivo evaluation, Swiss mice were infected with 50 cercariae of S. mansoni and separated into groups according to treatment as follows: a negative control (without treatment), a positive control (treated with Praziquantel®), HCE1 Group (treated with HCE during the cutaneous phase), HCE2 Group (treated with HCE during the lung phase), HCE3 Group (treated with HCE during the young worm phase), and HCE4 Group (treated with HCE during the adult worm phase). The animals treated with HCE received daily doses of 50 mg/kg, by gavage, for seven days, corresponding to the different developmental stages of S. mansoni. For comparison, a clean control group (uninfected and untreated) was also included. All animals were euthanized 60 days post-infection to allow the following assessments to be performed: a complete blood cells count, counts of eggs in the feces and liver, the quantification of cytokines and IgE levels, histopathological evaluations of the livers, and the analysis of inflammatory mediators. RESULTS HCE treatment increased the mortality of cercariae and adult worms in vitro. The HCE treatment in vivo reduced the eggs in feces and liver. The number and area of liver granulomas, independent of the phase of treatment, were also reduced. The treatment with HCE reduced the percentage of circulating eosinophils, IgE, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-4. In contrast, the treatment with the HCE, dependent on the phase, increased IL-10 levels and the number of peritoneal and bone marrow cells, mainly of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophages. This effect could be due to secondary compounds presents in this extract, such as kaempferol, quercetin and derivatives. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Chenopodium ambrosioides has antiparasitic and immunomodulatory activity against the different phases of schistosomiasis, reducing the granulomatous inflammatory profile caused by the infection and, consequently, improving the disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gustavo Mendes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65.055-970, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Paula Sibelly Veras Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65.055-970, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Johnny R Nascimento
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65.055-970, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Jaianna Andressa Viana Campos
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65.055-970, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Andressa S S Godinho
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65.055-970, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Sulayne Janayna Araújo
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65.055-970, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Jefferson Mesquita Brito
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65.055-970, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Caroline M Jesus
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65.055-970, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Silva Miranda
- Laboratory of Immunohelmintology, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Biology, Department of Education, Federal Institute of Education, CEP: 65.840-000, São Raimundo Das Mangabeiras, MA, Brazil.
| | - Michelle C Rezende
- Laboratory of Immunohelmintology, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Deborah Aparecida Negrão-Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunohelmintology, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Q Rocha
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65.055-970, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Lucilene Amorim Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65.055-970, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Rosane N M Guerra
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65.055-970, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Flávia R F Nascimento
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65.055-970, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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Abstract
AbstractThis systematic review investigated the evidence for the therapeutic potential of essential oils (EOs) against Leishmania amazonensis. We searched available scientific publications from 2005 to 2019 in the PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases, according to PRISMA statement. The search strategy utilized descriptors and free terms. The EOs effect of 35 species of plants identified in this systematic review study, 45.7% had half of the maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 10 < IC50 ⩽ 50 μg mL−1 and 14.3% had a 10 < IC50μg mL−1 for promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. EOs from Cymbopogon citratus species had the lowest IC50 (1.7 μg mL−1). Among the plant species analyzed for activity against intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis, 39.4% had an IC50 10 < IC50 ⩽ 50 μg mL−1, and 33.3% had an IC50 10 < IC50μg mL−1. Aloysia gratissima EO showed the lowest IC50 (0.16 μg mL−1) for intracellular amastigotes. EOs of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Copaifera martii and Carapa guianensis, administered by the oral route, were effective in reducing parasitic load and lesion volume in L. amazonensis-infected BALB/c mice. EOs of Bixa orellana and C. ambrosioides were effective when administered intraperitoneally. Most of the studies analyzed in vitro and in vivo for the risk of bias showed moderate methodological quality. These results indicate a stimulus for the development of new phytotherapy drugs for leishmaniasis treatment.
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12
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Mateos-Maces L, Chávez-Servia JL, Vera-Guzmán AM, Aquino-Bolaños EN, Alba-Jiménez JE, Villagómez-González BB. Edible Leafy Plants from Mexico as Sources of Antioxidant Compounds, and Their Nutritional, Nutraceutical and Antimicrobial Potential: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E541. [PMID: 32575671 PMCID: PMC7346153 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of indigenous Mexican plants with edible stems and leaves and their nutritional and nutraceutical potential was conducted, complemented by the authors' experiences. In Mexico, more than 250 species with edible stems, leaves, vines and flowers, known as "quelites," are collected or are cultivated and consumed. The assessment of the quelite composition depends on the chemical characteristics of the compounds being evaluated; the protein quality is a direct function of the amino acid content, which is evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the contribution of minerals is evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or ICP mass spectrometry. The total contents of phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, saponins and other general compounds have been analyzed using UV-vis spectrophotometry and by HPLC. For the determination of specific compounds such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, organic acids and other profiles, it is recommended to use HPLC-DAD, UHPLC-DAD, UFLC-PDA or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The current biochemical analysis and biological evaluations were performed to understand the mechanisms of action that lead to decreased glucose levels and lipid peroxidation, increased hypoglycemic and antitumor activity, immune system improvement, increased antibacterial and antifungal activity and, in some cases, anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Mateos-Maces
- Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Genética, Colegio de Posgraduados, Carr. México-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Chávez-Servia
- CIIDIR-Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (A.M.V.-G.); (B.B.V.-G.)
| | | | - Elia Nora Aquino-Bolaños
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa-Enríquez 1090, Mexico;
| | - Jimena E. Alba-Jiménez
- CONACyT-Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa-Enríquez 1090, Mexico;
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Roy A, Saqib U, Wary K, Baig MS. Macrophage neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) controls the inflammatory response and foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Villalobos-Delgado LH, González-Mondragón EG, Ramírez-Andrade J, Salazar-Govea AY, Santiago-Castro JT. Oxidative stability in raw, cooked, and frozen ground beef using Epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.). Meat Sci 2020; 168:108187. [PMID: 32442827 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of aqueous epazote (AE) and ethanolic extract of epazote (ETHE) as inhibitors of lipid oxidation in raw and cooked ground beef stored at 4 °C for 9 days as well as frozen beef patties stored at -18 °C for 90 days. Organic acids were identified in AE and ETHE using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC-qTOF). Chemical composition, TBARS, pH, colour, sensory acceptability and intensity of oxidised flavour were analysed in the three different meat products. ETHE showed higher values in organic acid content than AE. In raw ground beef, ETHE inhibited lipid oxidation and received the highest score in the three sensorial attributes evaluated at the end of the storage period, whereas in cooked ground beef it showed the highest intensity of oxidised flavour. Regarding CTL, AE reduced lipid oxidation in the cooked ground beef as well as the frozen patties, with improved colour. Therefore, epazote may be a promising natural antioxidant source for use in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Villalobos-Delgado
- Institute of Agroindustry, Technological University of the Mixteca, 69000 Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, Mexico.
| | - E G González-Mondragón
- Institute of Agroindustry, Technological University of the Mixteca, 69000 Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - J Ramírez-Andrade
- Institute of Agroindustry, Technological University of the Mixteca, 69000 Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - A Y Salazar-Govea
- Institute of Agroindustry, Technological University of the Mixteca, 69000 Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - J T Santiago-Castro
- Institute of Agroindustry, Technological University of the Mixteca, 69000 Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, Mexico
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The Use of Medicinal Plants in Maceió, Northeastern Brazil: An Ethnobotanical Survey. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:medicines7020007. [PMID: 31973141 PMCID: PMC7168319 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to record and analyze the knowledge of medicinal plant use in the community in urban areas of Maceió city, Brazil. Methods: A total of 113 patients from the basic healthcare unit were assessed. Results: Approximately 95% of the interviewed stated that the plants were used for medicinal purposes. The majority of respondents were women (94.7%) who were between 51-60 years of age. Forty-eight plant species belonging to 28 families were cited as useful for medicinal purposes. The main families encountered were Lamiaceae (16.6%), Asteraceae (8.3%), Myrtaceae (6.2%), Fabaceae (6.2%), Annonaceae (4.1%), Laureaceae (4.1%), Rutaceae (4.1%), and Zingiberaceae (4.1%). These plants were used to treat a wide range of disturbances, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases. The majority of the respondents used decoctions of leaves that were cultivated in house (58.4%) to make their herbal preparations. The respondents revealed that medicinal plant preparations were safe and unaware of that are risks associated with their use. Conclusions: Medicinal plants still play an important role in the medical practices of the urban population from Maceió, Brazil. Our results highlight the importance of these plants for local people and indicate the need for further scientific investigations to validate their use as a complementary therapy for disease control.
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Trujillo-Correa AI, Quintero-Gil DC, Diaz-Castillo F, Quiñones W, Robledo SM, Martinez-Gutierrez M. In vitro and in silico anti-dengue activity of compounds obtained from Psidium guajava through bioprospecting. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:298. [PMID: 31694638 PMCID: PMC6836419 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, bioprospecting has proven to be useful for the identification of compounds with pharmacological potential. Considering the great diversity of Colombian plants and the serious worldwide public health problem of dengue-a disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV)-in the present study, we evaluated the anti-DENV effects of 12 ethanolic extracts derived from plants collected in the Colombian Caribbean coast, and 5 fractions and 5 compounds derived from Psidium guajava. METHODS The cytotoxicity and antiviral effect of 12 ethanolic extracts derived from plants collected in the Colombian Caribbean coast was evaluated in epithelial VERO cells. Five fractions were obtained by open column chromatography from the ethanolic extract with the highest selectivity index (SI) (derived from P. guajava, SI: 128.2). From the fraction with the highest selectivity (Pg-YP-I-22C, SI: 35.5), five compounds were identified by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antiviral effect in vitro of the fractions and compounds was evaluated by different experimental strategies (Pre- and post-treatment) using non-toxic concentrations calculated by MTT method. The DENV inhibition was evaluated by plate focus assay. The results were analyzed by means of statistical analysis using Student's t-test. Finally the antiviral effect in Silico was evaluated by molecular docking. RESULTS In vitro evaluation of these compounds showed that three of them (gallic acid, quercetin, and catechin) were promising antivirals as they inhibit the production of infectious viral particles via different experimental strategies, with the best antiviral being catechin (100% inhibition with a pre-treatment strategy and 91.8% with a post-treatment strategy). When testing the interactions of these compounds with the viral envelope protein in silico by docking, only naringin and hesperidin had better scores than the theoretical threshold of - 7.0 kcal/mol (- 8.0 kcal/mol and - 8.2 kcal/mol, respectively). All ligands tested except gallic acid showed higher affinity to the NS5 protein than the theoretical threshold. CONCLUSION Even though bioprospecting has recently been replaced by more targeted tools for identifying compounds with pharmacological potential, our results show it is still useful for this purpose. Additionally, combining in vitro and in silico evaluations allowed us to identify promising antivirals as well as their possible mechanisms of action.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Angulo C, Sanchez V, Vázquez-Martínez J, López MG. Antioxidant, intestinal immune status and anti-inflammatory potential of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. in fish: In vitro and in vivo studies. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:420-428. [PMID: 30502468 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. has been used for centuries as traditional medicine in many clinical situations. The objectives of this study were first to assess the nutraceutical potential of C. ambrosioides L. extract through analyses of its chemical composition and antioxidant properties, followed by assessing toxicity and antioxidative activities on fish splenocytes. The second one was to perform an in vivo study using dietary C. ambrosioides L. extract (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%; w/w) for 15 and 30 days (2-week and 4-week treatments) to assess associated-intestine health status by short-chain fatty production, antioxidant enzyme activities and anti-inflammatory effects on Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru). Non-polar and polar fractions were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in C. ambrosioides, of which the most abundant compounds were carvacrol, phytol, squalene, vitamin E and sucrose. The extract of C. ambrosioides L. enhanced a considerable antiradical and reducing power; fish splenocytes responded positively with higher (88%) cell viability than control. The production of nitric oxide and superoxide anion, as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, were also enhanced in splenocytes treated with C. ambrosioides L. The in vivo study results showed that acetate was the major short-chain fatty acid found in fish receiving C. ambrosioides L. after week four. Pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in intestine was modulated in fish fed with C. ambrosioides L. at any time of the experimental trial. In addition, the histological findings suggested that its extract did not cause inflammatory damage in intestine. Overall, the results suggest that C. ambrosioides L. is safe for immune cells and promoting intestinal health status of fish through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, making it an interesting additive in functional diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S, 23096, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S, 23096, Mexico
| | - Veronica Sanchez
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S, 23096, Mexico
| | - Juan Vázquez-Martínez
- Chemistry of Natural Products Laboratory, Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Mercedes G López
- Chemistry of Natural Products Laboratory, Biotechnology and Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
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Active Essential Oils and Their Components in Use against Neglected Diseases and Arboviruses. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6587150. [PMID: 30881596 PMCID: PMC6387720 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6587150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The term neglected diseases refers to a group of infections caused by various classes of pathogens, including protozoa, viruses, bacteria, and helminths, most often affecting impoverished populations without adequate sanitation living in close contact with infectious vectors and domestic animals. The fact that these diseases were historically not considered priorities for pharmaceutical companies made the available treatments options obsolete, precarious, outdated, and in some cases nonexistent. The use of plants for medicinal, religious, and cosmetic purposes has a history dating back to the emergence of humanity. One of the principal fractions of chemical substances found in plants are essential oils (EOs). EOs consist of a mixture of volatile and hydrophobic secondary metabolites with marked odors, composed primarily of terpenes and phenylpropanoids. They have great commercial value and were widely used in traditional medicine, by phytotherapy practitioners, and in public health services for the treatment of several conditions, including neglected diseases. In addition to the recognized cytoprotective and antioxidative activities of many of these compounds, larvicidal, insecticidal, and antiparasitic activities have been associated with the induction of oxidative stress in parasites, increasing levels of nitric oxide in the infected host, reducing parasite resistance to reactive oxygen species, and increasing lipid peroxidation, ultimately leading to serious damage to cell membranes. The hydrophobicity of these compounds also allows them to cross the membranes of parasites as well as the blood-brain barrier, collaborating in combat at the second stage of several of these infections. Based on these considerations, the aim of this review was to present an update of the potential of EOs, their fractions, and their chemical constituents, against some neglected diseases, including American and African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and arboviruses, specially dengue.
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Ain QU, David M, Shah Q, Ahmad M, Jahan S. Antifertility effect of methanolic leaf extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides
Hook. in male Sprague Dawley rats. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13129. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qurat-Ul Ain
- Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Animal Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mehwish David
- Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Animal Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Qasim Shah
- Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Animal Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Plant Systematics and Biodiversity lab, Department of Plant Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Animal Sciences; Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad; Islamabad Pakistan
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Pereira WS, da Silva GP, Vigliano MV, Leal NRF, Pinto FA, Fernandes DC, Santos SVM, Martino T, Nascimento JR, de Azevedo APS, Fonseca EN, Velozo LSM, Souza Neto LR, Bastos FF, Portari EA, Sabino KCC, Nascimento F, Coelho MGP. Anti-arthritic properties of crude extract from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. leaves. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1078-1091. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic crude extract (HCE) from Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves on the development of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and on pro-inflammatory cytokine balance.
Methods
Collagen-induced arthritis was induced in DBA1/J mice. On the 21st day, the mice were treated orally with HCE or methotrexate, daily. Six weeks after beginning the treatment, the following measures were determined: lymphoid organs cell numbers, percentage of blood cells, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 serum concentrations, activity of hepatic and kidney glutathione S-transferase, hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, bone density and histopathology.
Key findings
Treatment of CIA mice with HCE 5 mg/kg (HCE5) reduced the percentage of neutrophils and macrophages and the number of bone marrow cells and increased the lymphocyte numbers and the inguinal lymph node cellularity. This treatment inhibited the serum concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α, which may be related to the preservation of bone density and to the slight thickening of periarticular tissues, with minimal fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation in the joints. The CIA group presented advanced articular erosion and synovial hyperplasia. Phytochemical analysis showed mainly flavonols.
Conclusions
HCE5 presented anti-arthritic potential and reduced IL-6 and TNF-α, which participate directly in the development and maintenance of the inflammatory process in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson S Pereira
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Department of Pathology, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Girlaine P da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana V Vigliano
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalia R F Leal
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiana A Pinto
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Fernandes
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Shirley V M Santos
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Martino
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Johnny R Nascimento
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Department of Pathology, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula S de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Department of Pathology, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Eduardo N Fonseca
- Department of Plant Biology, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leosvaldo S M Velozo
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lauro R Souza Neto
- Laboratory of Biochemical Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Frederico F Bastos
- Laboratory of Biochemical Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elyzabeth A Portari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratories, Pathological Anatomy, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia C Carvalho Sabino
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia Nascimento
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Department of Pathology, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Marsen G P Coelho
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology and Biochemistry of Proteins and Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Zohra T, Ovais M, Khalil AT, Qasim M, Ayaz M, Shinwari ZK. Extraction optimization, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, HPLC-DAD analysis and diverse pharmacological evaluations of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:136-142. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1437428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Zohra
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ovais
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ali Talha Khalil
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Qarshi University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Qarshi University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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22
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Gupta PD, Birdi TJ. Development of botanicals to combat antibiotic resistance. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2017; 8:266-275. [PMID: 28869082 PMCID: PMC5747506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics in the previous century lead to reduction in mortality and morbidity due to infectious diseases but their inappropriate and irrational use has resulted in emergence of resistant microbial populations. Alteration of target sites, active efflux of drugs and enzymatic degradations are the strategies employed by the pathogenic bacteria to develop intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. This has led to an increased interest in medicinal plants since 25-50% of current pharmaceuticals are plant derived. Crude extracts of medicinal plants could serve as an alternate source of resistance modifying agents owing to the wide variety of secondary metabolites. These metabolites (alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols etc.) could act as potentials for antimicrobials and resistance modifiers. Plant extracts have the ability to bind to protein domains leading to modification or inhibition protein-protein interactions. This enables the herbals to also present themselves as effective modulators of host related cellular processes viz immune response, mitosis, apoptosis and signal transduction. Thus they may exert their activity not only by killing the microorganism but by affecting key events in the pathogenic process, thereby, the bacteria, fungi and viruses may have a reduced ability to develop resistance to botanicals. The article is meant to stimulate research wherein the cidal activity of the extract is not the only parameter considered but other mechanism of action by which plants can combat drug resistant microbes are investigated. The present article emphasizes on mechanisms involved in countering multi drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja D Gupta
- The Foundation for Medical Research, 84-A, R.G. Thadani Marg, Worli, Mumbai, 400 018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tannaz J Birdi
- The Foundation for Medical Research, 84-A, R.G. Thadani Marg, Worli, Mumbai, 400 018, Maharashtra, India.
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Santos AL, Yamamoto ES, Passero LFD, Laurenti MD, Martins LF, Lima ML, Uemi M, Soares MG, Lago JHG, Tempone AG, Sartorelli P. Antileishmanial Activity and Immunomodulatory Effects of Tricin Isolated from Leaves of Casearia arborea (Salicaceae). Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28054741 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of antileishmanial active extract from leaves of Casearia arborea led to isolation of three metabolites: tricin (1), 1',6'-di-O-β-d-vanilloyl glucopyranoside (2) and vanillic acid (3). Compound 1 demonstrated the highest activity against the intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania infantum, with an IC50 value of 56 μm. Tricin (1) demonstrated selectivity in mammalian cells (SI > 7) and elicited immunomodulatory effect on host cells. The present work suggests that tricin modulated the respiratory burst of macrophages to a leishmanicidal state, contributing to the parasite elimination. Therefore, the natural compound tricin could be further explored in drug design studies for leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto L Santos
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n° 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe D Passero
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n - Parque Bitaru, CEP 11330-900, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia D Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ligia F Martins
- Center of Parasitology and Mycology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta L Lima
- Center of Parasitology and Mycology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam Uemi
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n° 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisi G Soares
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 Centro, CEP 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, CEP 09210-580, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre G Tempone
- Center of Parasitology and Mycology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Sartorelli
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n° 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pinheiro Neto VF, Ribeiro RM, Morais CS, Campos MB, Vieira DA, Guerra PC, Abreu-Silva AL, Silva Junior JR, Nascimento FRF, Borges MOR, Borges AC. Chenopodium ambrosioides as a bone graft substitute in rabbits radius fracture. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:350. [PMID: 28676049 PMCID: PMC5496593 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Jayawardhana A, Puspitasari H. THE IMMUNOSTIMULAN POTENTIAL OF TENGGULUN (PROTIUM JAVANICUM) LEAVES TOWARDS T CELL CD4+ AND IFNγ SECRETION ON PBMC CHICKEN. INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE 2017. [DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v6i3.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the plants with immunostimulant activity is Tenggulun leaves which contain of flavonoid, like terpenoid. The aim of this research is to find the potential of Tenggulun’s leaves extract to have the immunostimulant activities. The potential of immunostimulant activity is identified by the increasing the amount of T-cell CD4+ expression and IFNγ secretion. The research method is conducted through cultured chicken PBMC which is infected by ND virus; it is then treated with Tenggulun’s leaves extract with immunostimulant. The result of immunocitochemistry examination CD4+ secretion on PBMC cultures shows how tenggulun is significantly different from the control in the secretion CD4+. The 10μg of tenggulun extract can modulate the T cell CD4+ secretion 68.8±0.83. It is significantly different from K (control) (p<0,05) and treatment group K+, P0, and P1. The examination of IFNγ level using ELISA from tenggulun leaves extract of 10μg doses were inoculated after being infected by ND virus contained immonostimulant potential in increasing the secretion of IFNγ 120.91±6.44. It is significantly different from K-, K+, and P1, yet not significantly different from P0. The content of terpenoid can increase IFNγ secretion on the macrofag cells culture and limfosit cells.
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26
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Rios CEP, Abreu AG, Braga Filho JAF, Nascimento JR, Guerra RNM, Amaral FMM, Maciel MCG, Nascimento FRF. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Improves Phagocytic Activity and Decreases Bacterial Growth and the Systemic Inflammatory Response in Sepsis Induced by Cecal Ligation and Puncture. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:148. [PMID: 28203235 PMCID: PMC5285340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Amaranthaceae) is often used in different kinds of vegetal preparations for medicinal purposes in many clinical situations. Some studies have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of prophylactic treatment with the hydroalcoholic crude extract (HCE) of C. ambrosioides and its hexanic fraction (HEX) on the control of bacterial growth, the activation of phagocytes and the control of the systemic inflammatory response in a sepsis experimental model. Animals were divided into three groups (n = 5/group): Control, which received only NaCl 0.9% solution; HCE, which received the crude extract; and HEX, which received the HEX of the extract. The animals received saline, HCE or HEX (5 mg/kg), subcutaneously (SC), 6 h before cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Twelve hours after the CLP, the blood was collected to measure the serum cytokines and the animals were killed for the evaluation of colony-forming units (CFUs), cellular influx, and activation of phagocytes in the peritoneal cavity, measured by the secretion of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production. The results showed that only HEX treatment inhibited bacterial growth in the peritoneum and inflammatory cellular influx, especially influx of macrophages and neutrophils. However, HCE and HEX treatments increased ex vivo hydrogen peroxide secretion and nitric oxide production by phagocytes and decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, indicating a systemic anti-inflammatory effect of both. In conclusion, C. ambrosioides treatment decreases bacterial growth likely by activation of phagocytes and, in parallel, ameliorates the general state of mice by reducing the systemic inflammatory response usually observed in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E P Rios
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | - Afonso G Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, UniCEUMASão Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Johnny R Nascimento
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
| | - Rosane N M Guerra
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
| | - Flávia M M Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | - Márcia C G Maciel
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
| | - Flávia R F Nascimento
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
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Do Chenopodium ambrosioides-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Impact Oryzias melastigma Predation Against Aedes albopictus Larvae? J CLUST SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-016-1113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Cysne DN, Fortes TS, Reis AS, de Paulo Ribeiro B, dos Santos Ferreira A, do Amaral FMM, Guerra RNM, Marinho CRF, Nicolete R, Nascimento FRF. Antimalarial potential of leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4327-4334. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Degenhardt RT, Farias IV, Grassi LT, Franchi GC, Nowill AE, da S. Bittencourt CM, Wagner TM, de Souza MM, Cruz AB, Malheiros A. Characterization and evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of the essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Singh VK, Dwivedi P, Chaudhary BR, Singh R. Immunomodulatory Effect of Gymnema sylvestre (R.Br.) Leaf Extract: An In Vitro Study in Rat Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139631. [PMID: 26474420 PMCID: PMC4608767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre Wild R.Br (family: Asclepidaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat diabetes, obesity, asthma etc. in India for antiquity. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome characterized immunologically by lymphocyte apoptosis and reduced cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Modulation of immune responses to alleviate diseases has been of interest, and traditional herbal medicines may play an important role in this regard. In this study, we aim to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of methanolic extract of G. sylvestre leaf using rat model. HPLC analysis of leaf extract was carried out for gymnemic acid. The method involves the initial hydrolysis of gymnemic acids, the active ingredients, to a common aglycone followed by the quantitative estimation of gymnemagenin, using gymnemagenin as reference standard. Gymnemic acid content was 2.40% (w/w) in G. sylvestre leaf extract. In vitro immunomodulatory activity of the methanolic extract of G. sylvestre leaf (1-200μg/ml) was evaluated by gauging its effects on nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and nitrite release in rat peritoneal macrophages and on mitogen (ConA, PHA and LPS) induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation. G. sylvestre leaf extract showed significant (<0.05) enhancement in NO and ROS generation in macrophages and in proliferation of lymphocytes in dose dependent manner. EC50 value was 3.10, 3.75 and 2.68 μg/ml for NBT reduction, nitrite release and lymphoproliferation, respectively. Potential effect was observed at 100 μg/ml in NO and ROS generation in macrophages and 20 μg/ml in lymphocyte proliferation. G. sylvestre leaf extract stimulates macrophage reactivity, increasing the level of activity even higher when combined with PMA or LPS. These findings suggest the presence of active compounds, gymnemic acid, in methanolic extract of G. sylvestre leaf that stimulates both myeloid and lymphoid components of immune system, and therefore can restore the innate immune function. Through this study, the traditional knowledge of anti-diabetic property of G. sylvestre is scientifically supplemented with its immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India
| | - Padmanabh Dwivedi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India
| | - B. R. Chaudhary
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Department of Zoology, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi, U.P., India
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Ahmad W, Jantan I, Kumolosasi E, Bukhari SNA. Immunostimulatory effects of the standardized extract of Tinospora crispa on innate immune responses in Wistar Kyoto rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2961-73. [PMID: 26089645 PMCID: PMC4468953 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s85405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tinospora crispa (TC) has been used in folkloric medicine for the treatment of various diseases and has been reported for several pharmacological activities. However, the effects of TC extract on the immune system are largely unknown. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of a standardized 80% ethanol extract of the stem of TC on innate immune responses. Male Wistar Kyoto rats were treated daily at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract for 21 days by oral gavage. The immunomodulatory potential of TC was evaluated by determining its effect on chemotaxis and phagocytic activity of neutrophils isolated from the blood of rats. To further elucidate the mechanism of action, its effects on the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes subsets (CD4+ and CD8+) and on the secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines were also monitored. The main components of the extracts, syringin and magnoflorine, were identified and quantitatively analyzed in the extracts by using a validated reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method. It was observed that the chemotactic activity of neutrophils obtained from extract-treated rats increased as compared to controls. A dose-dependent increase in the number of migrated cells and phagocytosis activity of neutrophils was observed. Dose-dependent increase was also observed in the T- and B-lymphocytes proliferation stimulated with concanavalin A (5 μg/mL) and lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/mL), and was statistically significant at 400 mg/kg (P>0.01). Apart from cell-mediated immune response, the concentrations of Th1 (TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines were significantly increased in sera of rats treated with different doses as compared with the control group. From these findings, it can be concluded that TC possesses immunostimulatory activity and has therapeutic potential for the prevention of immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmad
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Endang Kumolosasi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hu X, Chu Y, Ma G, Li W, Wang X, Mo H, Yin Q, Guo J, Ma X, Zhou S. Simultaneous determination of ascaridole, p-cymene and α-terpinene in rat plasma after oral administration of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. by GC-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1682-6. [PMID: 25900777 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable GC-MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ascaridole, p-cymene and α-terpinene in rat plasma using naphthalene as internal standard. The plasma samples were extracted with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a HP-5MS capillary analytical column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm) and detection was performed on a quadrupole mass spectrometer detector operated under selected ion monitoring mode. The method showed excellent linearity over the investigated concentration range (r > 0.99) with the limit of quantitation down to 50, 10 and 5 ng/mL for ascaridole, p-cymene and α-terpinene, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) were <11.3%, and the accuracy was between 90.7 and 113.8%. The method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. following oral administration to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.,Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Yang Chu
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Hongmei Mo
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Qihui Yin
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Jiahua Guo
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Shuiping Zhou
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300410, China
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Soeiro-Pereira PV, Falcai A, Kubo CA, Antunes E, Condino-Neto A. BAY 41-2272 activates host defence against local and disseminated Candida albicans infections. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:75-85. [PMID: 25742266 PMCID: PMC4371220 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we have found that
5-cyclopropyl-2-[1-(2-fluoro-benzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-yl]-pyrimidin-4-ylamine
(BAY 41-2272), a guanylate cyclase agonist, activates human monocytes and the THP-1
cell line to produce the superoxide anion, increasing in vitro microbicidal activity,
suggesting that this drug can be used to modulate immune functioning in primary
immunodeficiency patients. In the present work, we investigated the potential of the
in vivo administration of BAY 41-2272 for the treatment of Candida albicans and
Staphylococcus aureus infections introduced via intraperitoneal and subcutaneous
inoculation. We found that intraperitoneal treatment with BAY 41-2272 markedly
increased macrophage-dependent cell influx to the peritoneum in addition to
macrophage functions, such as spreading, zymosan particle phagocytosis and nitric
oxide and phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated hydrogen peroxide production.
Treatment with BAY 41-2272 was highly effective in reducing the death rate due to
intraperitoneal inoculation of C. albicans, but not S. aureus. However, we found that
in vitro stimulation of peritoneal macrophages with BAY 41-2272 markedly increased
microbicidal activities against both pathogens. Our results show that the prevention
of death by the treatment of C. albicans-infected mice with BAY 41-2272 might occur
primarily by the modulation of the host immune response through macrophage
activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Falcai
- Centro de Ensino Universitário do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - Christina Arslanian Kubo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Upadhyay A, Upadhyaya I, Kollanoor-Johny A, Venkitanarayanan K. Combating pathogenic microorganisms using plant-derived antimicrobials: a minireview of the mechanistic basis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:761741. [PMID: 25298964 PMCID: PMC4178913 DOI: 10.1155/2014/761741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has led to renewed interest in exploring the potential of plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs) as an alternative therapeutic strategy to combat microbial infections. Historically, plant extracts have been used as a safe, effective, and natural remedy for ailments and diseases in traditional medicine. Extensive research in the last two decades has identified a plethora of PDAs with a wide spectrum of activity against a variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens causing infections in humans and animals. Active components of many plant extracts have been characterized and are commercially available; however, research delineating the mechanistic basis of their antimicrobial action is scanty. This review highlights the potential of various plant-derived compounds to control pathogenic bacteria, especially the diverse effects exerted by plant compounds on various virulence factors that are critical for pathogenicity inside the host. In addition, the potential effect of PDAs on gut microbiota is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Upadhyay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Road Extension, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Indu Upadhyaya
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Road Extension, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Anup Kollanoor-Johny
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Road Extension, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kumar Venkitanarayanan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Hill Road Extension, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Rosa RLD, Nardi GM, Januário AGDF, Boçois R, Bagatini KP, Bonatto SJR, Pinto ADO, Ferreira JRN, Mariano LNB, Niero R, Iagher F. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunostimulatory effects of Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc. (Malvaceae) bark. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae) is a plant widely used for treatment of various inflammatory and infectious conditions; however few reports discuss its biological properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects as well as the macrophage activity in mice treated with the hydroalcoholic crude extract of L. divaricata(CLD). Thin layer chromatography revealed presence of epicathequin, stigmasterol, lupeol and α,β-amyrin in the extract. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, animals were subjected to paw edema induced by carrageenan test, writhing, formalin and capsaicin tests. Immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by adhesion and phagocytic capacity, lysosomal volume, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by peritoneal macrophages, after daily treatment with CLD for 15 days. CLD promoted reduction in paw edema (36.8% and 50.2%; p<0.05 at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively), inhibited writhing behavior at the higher dose (64.4%, p<0.05), reduced formalin reactivity (81.2% and 91.6% at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively, p<0.05), and reduced capsaicin reactivity by 63.9% (300 mg/kg). CLD (200 mg• kg-1• day-1) increased phagocytosis capacity of macrophages (~3 fold, p<0.05), neutral red uptake (~50%, p<0.001), and ROS production (~90%, p<0.001). These data suggest that CLD possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunostimulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rivaldo Niero
- Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research Center University, Brazil
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Antileishmanial activity of medicinal plants used in endemic areas in northeastern Brazil. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:478290. [PMID: 25126099 PMCID: PMC4122062 DOI: 10.1155/2014/478290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the leishmanicidal activity of five species of plants used in folk medicine in endemic areas of the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Data were collected in the cities of Colonia Leopoldina, Novo Lino, and União dos Palmares, Alagoas state, from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania amazonensis) who use medicinal plants to treat this disease. Plants extracts were tested at a concentration of 1–100 μg/mL in all experiments, except in an assay to evaluate activity against amastigotes, when 10 μg/mL was used. All plants extracts did not show deleterious activity to the host cell evidenced by LDH assay at 100, 10, and 1 μg/mL after 48 h of incubation. The plants extracts Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit, Aloe vera L., Ruta graveolens L., Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. exhibited direct activity against extracellular forms at 100 μg/mL; these extracts inhibited growth by 81.9%, 82.9%, 74.4%, 88.7%, and 87.4%, respectively, when compared with promastigotes. The plants extracts H. pectinata, A. vera, and R. graveolens also significantly diminished the number of amastigotes at 10 μg/mL, inhibiting growth by 85.0%, 40.4%, 94.2%, and 97.4%, respectively, when compared with control. Based on these data, we conclude that the five plants exhibited considerable leishmanicidal activity.
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Monzote L, Pastor J, Scull R, Gille L. Antileishmanial activity of essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides and its main components against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1048-1052. [PMID: 24768411 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chenopodium ambrosioides have been used during centuries by native people to treat parasitic diseases. AIMS OF THE STUDY To compare the in vivo anti-leishmanial activity of the essential oil (EO) from C. ambrosioides and its major components (ascaridole, carvacrol and caryophyllene oxide). MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-leishmanial effect was evaluated in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis and treated with the EO, main compounds and artificial mix of pure components by intralesional route at 30 mg/kg every 4 days during 14 days. Diseases progression and parasite burden in infected tissues were determined. RESULTS EO prevented lesion development compared (p<0.05) with untreated animals and treated with vehicle. In addition, the efficacy of EO was also statistically superior (p<0.05) compared with the glucantime-treated animals. No potential effects were observed with pure components treatment. Mix of pure compounds cause death of animals after 3 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the superiority of EO against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Havana, Cuba.
| | - J Pastor
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Havana, Cuba
| | - R Scull
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Cuba
| | - L Gille
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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da Silva MGC, Amorim RNL, Câmara CC, Fontenele Neto JD, Soto-Blanco B. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of aqueous extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves in rats. J Med Food 2014; 17:979-84. [PMID: 24892475 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of aqueous extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves. To measure acute toxicity, rats were administered 0, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 g/kg of aqueous extract from C. ambrosioides leaves by gavage. To analyze sub-chronic toxicity, rats were treated by oral gavage for 15 consecutive days with 0, 0.3, or 1.0 g/kg of extract of C. ambrosioides leaves. No animals from either trial exhibited any signs of toxicity. In the acute study, the highest dose of the extract led to an increase in the serum activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and a decrease in the serum levels of urea. In the sub-chronic test, rats treated with 1.0 g/kg for 15 days exhibited increased serum ALT activity and creatinine levels and mild cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes. The results indicate that aqueous extract from C. ambrosioides leaves produce slight hepatotoxic lesions in rats.
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Ortega-Ramirez LA, Rodriguez-Garcia I, Leyva JM, Cruz-Valenzuela MR, Silva-Espinoza BA, Gonzalez-Aguilar GA, Siddiqui MW, Ayala-Zavala JF. Potential of Medicinal Plants as Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Agents in Food Industry: A Hypothesis. J Food Sci 2014; 79:R129-37. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Ortega-Ramirez
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo; A.C. (CIAD, AC); Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, La Victoria. Hermosillo Sonora 83000 Mexico
| | - Isela Rodriguez-Garcia
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo; A.C. (CIAD, AC); Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, La Victoria. Hermosillo Sonora 83000 Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Leyva
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo; A.C. (CIAD, AC); Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, La Victoria. Hermosillo Sonora 83000 Mexico
| | - Manuel Reynaldo Cruz-Valenzuela
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo; A.C. (CIAD, AC); Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, La Victoria. Hermosillo Sonora 83000 Mexico
| | - Brenda Adriana Silva-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo; A.C. (CIAD, AC); Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, La Victoria. Hermosillo Sonora 83000 Mexico
| | - Gustavo A. Gonzalez-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo; A.C. (CIAD, AC); Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, La Victoria. Hermosillo Sonora 83000 Mexico
| | - Md Wasim Siddiqui
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Bihar Agricultural Univ., BAC, Sabour, Bhagalpur; Bihar 813210 India
| | - Jesus Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo; A.C. (CIAD, AC); Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, La Victoria. Hermosillo Sonora 83000 Mexico
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Essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides and main components: Activity against Leishmania, their mitochondria and other microorganisms. Exp Parasitol 2014; 136:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Barros L, Pereira E, Calhelha RC, Dueñas M, Carvalho AM, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira IC. Bioactivity and chemical characterization in hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Boukes GJ, van de Venter M. Rooperol as an antioxidant and its role in the innate immune system: an in vitro study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:692-699. [PMID: 23085395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Biologically active rooperol is formed when the glucose subunits of the nontoxic glycoside, hypoxoside, are cleaved by β-glucosidase. Hypoxoside is isolated from Hypoxis, a medicinal plant genus frequently used by the indigenous people of South Africa as an immune system booster. The aim of this study was to investigate rooperol's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay, NO and ROS production, and phagocytosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentiation of human promonocytic U937 leukemia cells to monocyte-macrophages was induced using 10-100 nM 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and PMA over 72 h. Differentiation was confirmed by light microscopy and flow cytometry. Undifferentiated and/or differentiated cells were treated with DMSO (0.25 v/v%, vehicle control), hypoxoside (50 μg/mL), rooperol (20 μg/mL) or PMA (10/20 nM, positive control). ROS production was measured in undifferentiated and differentiated monocyte-macrophages using DCFH-DA and flow cytometry. Phagocytosis of pHrodo™ Escherichia coli BioParticles(®) was measured using pre-treated monocyte-macrophage differentiated U937 cells. NO production was measured in monocyte-macrophage differentiated U937 cells using DAF-2 DA and flow cytometry. RESULTS Rooperol was shown to have similar or greater antioxidant potential than ascorbic acid. Differentiation of human promonocytic U937 leukemia cells to monocyte-macrophages were confirmed morphologically (cell attachment, clump- and pseudopodia-formation) and biochemically (CD11b and CD14 cell surface marker expression). Rooperol significantly increased ROS and NO production, and phagocytosis in undifferentiated and/or differentiated human promonocytic U937 leukemia cells. Hypoxoside had no or very little effect on ROS and NO production, and phagocytosis. CONCLUSION This study confirms previous reports that hypoxoside has to be converted to rooperol to be biologically active. The FRAP assay confirms the antioxidant capacity of rooperol seen in previous studies, whereas rooperol's induction of ROS and NO production, and phagocytosis constitute novel findings. Possible mode(s) of action for the in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of rooperol may be explained by ROS and NO production, and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhardt J Boukes
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, P.O. Box 77000, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
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Sharma U, Bala M, Kumar N, Singh B, Munshi RK, Bhalerao S. Immunomodulatory active compounds from Tinospora cordifolia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:918-26. [PMID: 22472109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia mentioned as "Rasayana" is extensively used in various herbal preparations for the treatment of different ailments for its general tonic, antiperiodic, antispasmodic, antiinflammatory, antiarthritic, antiallergic and antidiabetic properties. It is extensively used in Ayurveda due to its potential in improving the immune system and the body resistance against infections. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to isolate and characterise the immunomodulatory active compounds of Tinospora cordifolia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The immunomodulatory activity of different extracts, fractions and isolated compounds in relation to phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophil cells have been investigated using the PMN phagocytic function studies, NBT, NO and chemiluminescence assay. RESULTS The results obtained indicate that ethyl acetate, water fractions and hot water extract exhibited significant immunomodulatory activity with an increase in percentage phagocyctosis. Chromatographic purification of these fraction led to the isolation of a mixture of two compounds 2, 3 isolated for the first time from natural source and five known compounds 1, 4-7 which were characterized as 11-hydroxymustakone (2), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (3), N-formylannonain (1), cordifolioside A (4), magnoflorine (5), tinocordiside (6), syringin (7) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) and comparing the spectral data with reported one. Cordifolioside A and syringin have been reported to possess immunomodulatory activity. Other five compounds showed significant enhancement in phagocytic activity and increase in nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation at concentration 0.1-2.5 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS Seven immunomodulatory active compounds belonging to different classes have been isolated and characterised indicating that the immunomodulatory activity of Tinospora cordifolia may be attributed to the synergistic effect of group of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Sharma
- Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
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Kojic acid, a secondary metabolite from Aspergillus sp., acts as an inducer of macrophage activation. Cell Biol Int 2011; 35:335-43. [PMID: 21044044 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
KA (kojic acid) is a secondary metabolite isolated from Aspergillus fungi that has demonstrated skin whitening, antioxidant and antitumour properties among others. However, limited information is available regarding its effects on macrophages, the major cell involved in cell defence. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether KA affects functional properties related to macrophage activation, such as phagocytosis and spreading ability over a substrate. Treatment of resident macrophages with 50 μg/ml KA for 1 h induced both morphological and physiological alterations in cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed enhanced cell spreading and an increase in cell surface exposure, associated with a rearrangement of microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate filaments. KA also potentiated phagocytosis by macrophages, as demonstrated by the increase in phagocytic activity towards yeast, when compared to untreated cells. KA increased the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), but not NO (nitric oxide) production. Three tests were used to assess cell viability; MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], NR (neutral red) uptake and PI (propidium iodide) exclusion test, which showed that macrophages maintain their viability following KA treatment. Results indicate that KA can modulate macrophage activation through cytoskeleton rearrangement, increase cell surface exposure, enhance the phagocytic process and ROS production. The study demonstrates a new role for KA as a macrophage activator.
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Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of ouabain in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:912925. [PMID: 21772669 PMCID: PMC3136139 DOI: 10.1155/2011/912925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, was identified as an endogenous substance of human plasma. Ouabain has been studied for its ability to interfere with various regulatory mechanisms. Despite the studies portraying the ability of ouabain to modulate the immune response, little is known about the effect of this substance on the inflammatory process. The aim of this work was to study the effects triggered by ouabain on inflammation and nociceptive models. Ouabain produced a reduction in the mouse paw edema induced by carrageenan, compound 48/80 and zymosan. This anti-inflammatory potential might be related to the inhibition of prostaglandin E2, bradykinin, and mast-cell degranulation but not to histamine. Ouabain also modulated the inflammation induced by concanavalin A by inhibiting cell migration. Besides that, ouabain presented antinociceptive activity. Taken these data together, this work demonstrated, for the first time, that ouabain presented in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Fukuda M, Kobayashi K, Hirono Y, Miyagawa M, Ishida T, Ejiogu EC, Sawai M, Pinkerton KE, Takeuchi M. Jungle honey enhances immune function and antitumor activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011:908743. [PMID: 19141489 PMCID: PMC3137786 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Jungle honey (JH) is collected from timber and blossom by wild honey bees that live in the tropical forest of Nigeria. JH is used as a traditional medicine for colds, skin inflammation and burn wounds as well as general health care. However, the effects of JH on immune functions are not clearly known. Therefore, we investigated the effects of JH on immune functions and antitumor activity in mice. Female C57BL/6 mice were injected with JH (1 mg/mouse/day, seven times intra-peritoneal). After seven injections, peritoneal cells (PC) were obtained. Antitumor activity was assessed by growth of Lewis Lung Carcinoma/2 (LL/2) cells. PC numbers were increased in JH-injected mice compared to control mice. In Dot Plot analysis by FACS, a new cell population appeared in JH-injected mice. The percent of Gr-1 surface antigen and the intensity of Gr-1 antigen expression of PC were increased in JH-injected mice. The new cell population was neutrophils. JH possessed chemotactic activity for neutrophils. Tumor incidence and weight were decreased in JH-injected mice. The ratio of reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing cells was increased in JH-injected mice. The effective component in JH was fractionized by gel filtration using HPLC and had an approximate molecular weight (MW) of 261. These results suggest that neutrophils induced by JH possess potent antitumor activity mediated by ROS and the effective immune component of JH is substrate of MW 261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Fukuda
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
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Pereira WS, Ribeiro BP, Sousa AIP, Serra ICPB, Mattar NS, Fortes TS, Reis AS, Silva LA, Barroqueiro ESB, Guerra RNM, Nascimento FRF. Evaluation of the subchronic toxicity of oral treatment with Chenopodium ambrosioides in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:602-605. [PMID: 20026398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiaceae) have been used by native people to treat many diseases. Recently, we showed that the treatment with small dose (5mg/kg) of hydroalcoholic extract (HE) from Chenopodium ambrosioides' leaves has immunestimulatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the subchronic toxicity of the oral treatment with this HE in preclinical assays. MATERIAL AND METHODS Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups (n=10/group). They received the HE daily at the doses of 5, 50 and 500 mg/kg by gavage during 15 days. The control group received only water. They were observed each hour for 24h and each day for 15 days, when the blood was collected. The serum was used to perform the biochemical analysis. The mice were then killed and the vital and lymphoid organs were collected and evaluated. RESULTS There was neither death nor alterations in the body weight in the HE-treated groups, but there were alterations in the weight of some organs. There was an increase in the lymph node cells number in the highest two doses. The number of cells in the bone marrow was high in the HE-treated groups, but the number of peritoneal cells was smaller in the HE-treated groups when compared to the control. There was no alteration in the AST, but there was a reduction in the albumin levels in the HE500 group and in the triglycerides and VLDL in the highest doses. CONCLUSION The subchronic treatment with HE induced punctual alterations in the groups treated with the highest doses. However, the HE treatment was not lethal and did not induce toxic alterations using the therapeutic dose, suggesting that it is safe to use this product in the adequate dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson S Pereira
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Boutkhil S, El Idrissi M, Amechrouq A, Chbicheb A, Chakir S, EL Badaoui K. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of crude, aqueous, ethanol extracts and essential oils ofDysphania ambrosioides(L.) Mosyakin & Clemants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2009.10516151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Maciel MCG, Farias JC, Maluf MJ, Gomes EA, Pereira PVS, Aragão-Filho WC, Frazão JB, Costa GC, Sousa SM, Silva LA, Amaral FMM, Russo M, Guerra RNM, Nascimento FRF. Syzygium jambolanum treatment improves survival in lethal sepsis induced in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2008; 8:57. [PMID: 18851742 PMCID: PMC2571085 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-8-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leaves and the fruits from Syzygium jambolanum DC.(Myrtaceae), a plant known in Brazil as sweet olive or 'jambolão', have been used by native people to treat infectious diseases, diabetes, and stomachache. Since the bactericidal activity of S. jambolanum has been confirmed in vitro, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the prophylactic treatment with S. jambolanum on the in vivo polymicrobial infection induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were treated by the subcutaneous route with a hydroalcoholic extract from fresh leaves of S. jambolanum (HCE). After 6 h, a bacterial infection was induced in the peritoneum using the lethal CLP model. The mice were killed 12 h after the CLP induction to evaluate the cellular influx and local and systemic inflammatory mediators' production. Some animals were maintained alive to evaluate the survival rate. RESULTS The prophylactic HCE treatment increased the mice survival, the neutrophil migration to infectious site, the spreading ability and the hydrogen peroxide release, but decreased the serum TNF and nitrite. Despite the increased migration and activation of peritoneal cells the HCE treatment did not decrease the number of CFU. The HCE treatment induced a significant decrease on the bone marrow cells number but did not alter the cell number of the spleen and lymph node. CONCLUSION We conclude that the treatment with S. jambolanum has a potent prophylactic anti-septic effect that is not associated to a direct microbicidal effect but it is associated to a recruitment of activated neutrophils to the infectious site and to a diminished systemic inflammatory response.
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Patrício FJ, Costa GC, Pereira PVS, Aragão-Filho WC, Sousa SM, Frazão JB, Pereira WS, Maciel MCG, Silva LA, Amaral FMM, Rebêlo JMM, Guerra RNM, Ribeiro MNS, Nascimento FRF. Efficacy of the intralesional treatment with Chenopodium ambrosioides in the murine infection by Leishmania amazonensis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 115:313-319. [PMID: 18035510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2007] [Revised: 10/06/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoan from Leishmania genus, is an endemic disease in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The chemotherapy to this disease is not always effective and can cause several side effects. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiaceae) is used by the native people in the treatment of cutaneous ulcers caused by different species of Leishmania. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the treatment with a hydroalcoholic crude extract (HCE) from the leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides on the murine infection with Leishmania amazonensis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mice were treated for 4-6 weeks post-infection (p.i.) with HCE (5 mg/kg) or meglumine antimoniate (Sb(v)) (28 mg/kg) either by the oral route, once a day, for 15 days or by five intralesional (IL) injections at intervals of 4 days. The thickness of the infected paws was determined weekly and the parasite load evaluated in the draining lymph nodes (LN), the spleen and in the footpad after 7 weeks of infection. The nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated in cultures with cells from peritoneum or LN. RESULTS The IL treatment increased the NO production in the LN and peritoneum cultures and reduced the parasite load from the footpad, spleen and LN. On the other hand, the oral treatment decreased did alter neither the NO production nor the parasite load. CONCLUSIONS IL HCE treatment was more efficient than the oral HCE treatment since the former was able to control the dissemination of infection. This effect can be due to either a direct leishmanicidal effect of HCE or the improvement in the NO production by HCE-stimulated macrophages. The results could justify the topical use of the Chenopodium ambrosioides' leaves in the treatment of the ulcers caused by Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Patrício
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Campus do Bacanga, Av. dos Portugueses s/n, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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