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Bernardette Martínez-Rizo A, Fosado-Rodríguez R, César Torres-Romero J, César Lara-Riegos J, Alberto Ramírez-Camacho M, Ly Arroyo Herrera A, Elizabeth Villa de la Torre F, Ceballos Góngora E, Ermilo Arana-Argáez V. Models in vivo and in vitro for the study of acute and chronic inflammatory activity: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112292. [PMID: 38788446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions are among the principal causes of morbidity worldwide, and their treatment continues to be a challenge, given the restricted availability of effective and safe drugs. Thus, the identification of new compounds with biological activity that can be used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders is an essential field in medical and health research, in order to improve the health and quality of life of patients suffering from these diseases. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of drugs requires the implementation of models that accurately depict the biochemical and/or physiological responses that characterize human inflammation; for this reason, several in vitro and in vivo models have been developed, providing a platform for discovering novel or repurposed compounds. For this reason, in the present review we have selected twelve commonly used models for the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect, and extensively describes the difference between in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation, highlighting their advantages and limitations. On the other hand, the inflammatory mechanisms involved in them, the methods employed for their establishment, and the different parameters assessed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of a given compound are extensively discussed. We expect to provide a comprehensive guide for the improved selection of a suitable model for the preclinical evaluation of plausible anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abril Bernardette Martínez-Rizo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México; Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Unidad Académica de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, México
| | - Ricardo Fosado-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julio César Torres-Romero
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julio César Lara-Riegos
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Mario Alberto Ramírez-Camacho
- Centro de Información de Medicamentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Ana Ly Arroyo Herrera
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - Emanuel Ceballos Góngora
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Víctor Ermilo Arana-Argáez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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de Veras BO, Moura GMDM, Barros AVD, Vanusa da Silva M, Assis PACD, Aguiar JCRDOFD, Navarro DMDAF, Ximenes RM, Wanderley AG, Oliveira MBMD, Lopes ACDS. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil of the leaves of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Smith. from the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116858. [PMID: 37400005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Smith is a medicinal plant with wide distribution in South America, popularly known in Brazil as "cumaru" or "amburana de cheiro". In folk medicine, in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil, infusions, teas and decoctions of leaves of Amburana cearensis have their practical use for treating fever, gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, and inflammation pain. However, none of the ethnopharmacological properties has been scientifically evaluated using volatile compounds obtained from its leaves (essential oil). AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the chemical composition, acute oral toxicity, and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil from the leaves of A. cearensis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The acute toxicity of the essential oil was investigated in mice. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the formalin test and, abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid, being investigated the possible mechanisms of action involved in antinociception. The acute anti-inflammatory effect was investigated through models of carrageenan-induced peritonitis, yeast-induced pyrexia, and carrageenan- and histamine-induced paw inflammation. RESULTS No acute toxicity was observed at doses up to 2000 mg/kg; p.o. The antinociceptive effect was statistically equal to morphine. In the formalin assay, the oil showed analgesic activity in the neurogenic and inflammatory phases, having as mechanisms the cholinergic, adenosinergic system, and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K-ATP). In peritonitis, a reduction in TNF-α and IL-1β levels and leukocyte migration were observed. The antipyretic effect was statistically superior to dipyrone. The reduction in paw edema was statistically superior to the standard in both models. CONCLUSION The results obtained not only support the traditional use of the species in inflammatory conditions and pain in folk medicine but also demonstrate that this is a rich source of phytocomponents such as germacrone, which can be used as a natural and sustainable therapeutic agent with industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Oliveira de Veras
- Post-graduation in Tropical Medicine, Laboratory of Microbiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Post-graduation in Biotechnology - RENORBIO, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Geovanna Maria de Medeiros Moura
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory Chemistry and Function of Bioactive Proteins, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Amanda Vieira de Barros
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Anne Castro de Assis
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Matos Ximenes
- Post-graduation in Biotechnology - RENORBIO, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Almir Gonçalves Wanderley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, 09913-030, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Betânia Melo de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina de Sousa Lopes
- Post-graduation in Tropical Medicine, Laboratory of Microbiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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3
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Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anthelmintic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities and FTIR Analysis of Combretum nioroense Stem Bark. J CHEM-NY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5424386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Combretum nioroense is widely used in the folkloric treatment of a variety of bacterial and helminthic infections. The decoction of its leaves is traditionally fed to newborn babies in some rural parts of Ghana. The study focused on identifying the prime components of petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of the stem bark using standard phytochemical screening protocols and chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The activities (cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory) of the extracts of C. nioroense were also investigated. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, phenols, coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phytosterols, flavanols, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. The action of the extracts of C. nioroense on Milsonia ghanensis worms was concentration-dependent, with the least concentration (0.75 mg/mL) paralyzing and killing M. ghanensis after the maximal exposure time. The IC50 values for petroleum ether and ethanol extracts in the DPPH assay were >100.0 and 27.940 ± 1.005 μg/mL and those of the H2O2 assay were 400.900 ± 3.400 and 322.500 ± 1.005 μg/mL, respectively. The total antioxidant capacities (TACs) for petroleum ether and ethanol extracts were 47.197 ± 0.533 and 57.968 ± 0.560 gAAE/100 g, respectively. The IC50 value for ethanol extract in the cytotoxicity studies was 115.4 ± 1.332 μg/mL. The MICs of the extracts against the test organisms were within the range of 0.0122–25.0 mg/mL. The extracts (petroleum ether and ethanol) showed a concentration-dependent increase in anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 31.254 ± 0.359 and 24.402 ± 0.569 μg/mL, respectively. Chromatographic separations of the ethanol extract gave three fractions. FTIR analysis of the extracts and purified fractions revealed the presence of functional groups, confirming the presence of the phytochemicals identified in the screening test. The results indicate that both extracts of C. nioroense exhibit cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory activities, thereby proving the folkloric use to treat ailments caused by worms and microorganisms.
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de Araújo JIF, Aires NL, Almeida-Neto FWQ, Marinho MM, Marinho EM, Paula Magalhães E, de Menezes RRPPB, Sampaio TL, Maria Costa Martins A, Teixeira EH, Rafaela Freitas Dotto A, Amaral WD, Teixeira AMR, de Lima-Neto P, Marinho ES, Dos Santos HS. Antiproliferative activity on Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain) of the triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihidroxilup-20 (29)-ene isolated from Combretum leprosum. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12302-12315. [PMID: 34436980 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1970025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease infects approximately seven million people worldwide. Benznidazole is effective only in the acute phase of the disease, with an average cure rate of 80% between acute and recent cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new bioactive substances that can be effective against parasites without causing so many complications to the host. In this study, the triterpene 3β-6β-16β-trihydroxilup-20 (29)-ene (CLF-1) was isolated from Combretum leprosum, and its molecular structure was determined by NMR and infrared spectroscopy. The CLF-1 was also evaluated in vitro and in silico as potential trypanocidal agent against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain). The CLF-1 demonstrated good results highlighted by lower IC50 (76.0 ± 8.72 µM, 75.1 ± 11.0 µM, and 70.3 ± 45.4 µM) for epimastigotes at 24, 48 and 72 h, and LC50 (71.6 ± 11.6 µM) for trypomastigotes forms. The molecular docking study shows that the CLF-1 was able to interact with important TcGAPDH residues, suggesting that this natural compound may preferentially exert its effect by compromising the glycolytic pathway in T. cruzi. The ADMET study together with the MTT results indicated that the CLF-1 is well-absorbed in the intestine and has low toxicity. Thus, this work adds new evidence that CLF-1 can potentially be used as a candidate for the development of new options for the treatment of Chagas disease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ismael F de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGB-Renorbio, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Natália L Aires
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção Farmacêutica e Bioquímica Clínica (LBFBC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia M Marinho
- Faculdade de Educação, Ciência e Letras de Iguatu, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Iguatu, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle M Marinho
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Paula Magalhães
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção Farmacêutica e Bioquímica Clínica (LBFBC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ramon R P P B de Menezes
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção Farmacêutica e Bioquímica Clínica (LBFBC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Tiago L Sampaio
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção Farmacêutica e Bioquímica Clínica (LBFBC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção Farmacêutica e Bioquímica Clínica (LBFBC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Edson H Teixeira
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas (LIBS), Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Rafaela Freitas Dotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Matinhos, PR, Brazil
| | - Wanderlei do Amaral
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Magno R Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGB-Renorbio, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Lima-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel S Marinho
- Faculdade de Filosofia Dom Aureliano Matos, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Hélcio S Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGB-Renorbio, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Centro de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Brazil.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Brazil
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5
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Coutinho MR, Oliveira LS, Evaristo FFV, Marinho MM, Marinho EM, Teixeira EH, Teixeira AMR, Marinho ES, Santos HS. Pharmacological potential of the triterpene 3
β
,6
β
,16
β
‐trihidroxilup‐20 (29)‐ene isolated from
Combretum leprosum
: A literature review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:486-493. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marnielle R. Coutinho
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology‐PPGB‐Renorbio State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | - Larissa S. Oliveira
- Science and Technology, Graduate Program in Natural Sciences State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | | | - Márcia M. Marinho
- Faculty of Education, Science and Letters of Iguatu State University of Ceará Iguatu Ceará Brazil
| | - Emanuelle M. Marinho
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, science center Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | - Edson H. Teixeira
- Integrated Laboratory of Biomolecules (LIBS), Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | - Alexandre Magno R. Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology‐PPGB‐Renorbio State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
- Science and Technology, Graduate Program in Natural Sciences State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
- Department of Biological Chemistry Regional University of Cariri Crato Ceará Brazil
| | - Emmanuel S. Marinho
- Science and Technology, Graduate Program in Natural Sciences State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy Dom Aureliano Matos State University of Ceará Limoeiro do Norte Ceará Brazil
| | - Hélcio S. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology‐PPGB‐Renorbio State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
- Science and Technology, Graduate Program in Natural Sciences State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technology State University of Vale do Acaraú Sobral Ceará Brazil
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Roy J, Bhowmik S, Uddin MG, Hasan MN, Maswood AA, Zahan S, Aziz MA, Hossain MF, Hossain MK, Islam MS. Assessment of membrane stability, central nervous system depressant, and gut motility effects of Lablab purpureus seeds. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lablab purpureus, under the family of Fabaceae, is a plant with various pharmacological activities. The present study was aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents, membrane stabilizing activity, central nervous system (CNS) depressant potential, and gastrointestinal (GI) motility of the methanol extract of L. purpureus seeds (MELPS).Methods: The methanol plant extract was screened for different phytochemical groups. Mice were classified into four groups for in vivo activities. Group-I was designated as negative control and received distilled water (10 mL/kg body weight); group-II served as positive control and received diazepam (1 mg/kg body weight). Group-III and group-IV both were experimental groups and received plant extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively.Results: Alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and proteins were found after phytochemical analysis. On hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis of erythrocyte membrane, MELPS9 (9 mg/mL) resulted in the highest percentage of inhibition (60.51 ± 0.889), and on heat-induced hemolysis, MELPS9 (9 mg/mL) resulted in the highest percentage of inhibition (33.97 ± 0.21). In the case of the CNS depressant potential experiment, mice that received a sample at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight showed the highest result (54.40 ± 4.51) compared with the positive control (14.2 ± 3.70) (P < 0.001). Similarly, 400 mg/kg dose sample exhibited the highest percentage of inhibition (60.51 ± 0.889) of hemolysis and GI motility (22.26%).Conclusion: It can be concluded that the MELPS has potential membrane stability, CNS depressant, and antimotility effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joysree Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Sutapa Bhowmik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Giash Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Maswood
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Sumyya Zahan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Farhad Hossain
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Md. Kamrul Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
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Miranda RDS, Jesus BDSM, Silva Luiz SR, Viana CB, Adão Malafaia CR, Figueiredo FDS, Carvalho TDSC, Silva ML, Londero VS, Costa‐Silva TA, Lago JHG, Martins RCC. Antiinflammatory activity of natural triterpenes—An overview from 2006 to 2021. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1459-1506. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Souza Miranda
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Regina Silva Luiz
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IMPG‐UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Cristina Borges Viana
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Adão Malafaia
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, Natural Products and Food Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Souza Figueiredo
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Lopes Silva
- Center of Human and Natural Sciences Federal University of ABC (UFABC) Santo André Brazil
| | - Vinicius Silva Londero
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) Diadema Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Carlos Campos Martins
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Staffen IV, Banhuk FW, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, da Silva Bortoleti BT, Pavanelli WR, Ayala TS, Menolli RA. Chalcone-rich extracts from Lonchocarpus cultratus roots present in vitro leishmanicidal and immunomodulatory activity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:77-87. [PMID: 34791343 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anti-Leishmania activity of chalcone-rich three extracts (LDR, LHR and LMR) from Lonchocarpus cultratus (Vell.) A.M.G. Azevedo & H.C. Lima against L. amazonensis. Also, the immunomodulatory and antioxidant capacity was assessed. METHODS Successive extraction with hexane, dichloromethane and methanol were performed to obtain LHR, LDR and LMR extracts from L. cultratus roots, which were characterized by 1H NMR. Promastigotes, amastigotes and peritoneal macrophages were exposed to crescent concentrations of the three extracts, and after incubation, the inhibition rates were determined to both types of cells, and morphological analyses were performed on the parasite. The immunomodulatory activity was determined against stimulated macrophages. KEY FINDINGS LDR, LHR and LMR inhibited promastigote cell growth (IC50 0.62 ± 0.3, 0.94 ± 0.5 and 1.28 ± 0.73 µg/ml, respectively) and reduced the number of amastigotes inside macrophages (IC50 1.36 ± 0.14, 1.54 ± 0.26 and 4.09 ± 0.88 µg/ml, respectively). The cytotoxicity against murine macrophages resulted in a CC50 of 13.12 ± 1.92, 92.93 ± 9.1 and >300 µg/ml, resulting in high selectivity index to promastigotes and amastigotes. The extracts also inhibited the nitric oxide secretion in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The antioxidant capacity resulted in a higher scavenger LMR ability. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that L. cultratus extracts have anti-Leishmania potential, are non-toxic, and immunosuppress macrophages in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Virginia Staffen
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Paraná State University (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Weyand Banhuk
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Paraná State University (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Postgraduate Program, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC/Fiocruz/PR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Molecular Virology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC/Fiocruz/PR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Postgraduate Program, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC/Fiocruz/PR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Molecular Virology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC/Fiocruz/PR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Postgraduate Program, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC/Fiocruz/PR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thaís Soprani Ayala
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Paraná State University (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Andrade Menolli
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Paraná State University (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
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9
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Sousa HG, Uchôa VT, Cavalcanti SMG, de Almeida PM, Chaves MH, Lima Neto JDS, Nunes PHM, da Costa Júnior JS, Rai M, Do Carmo IS, de Sousa EA. Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytogenotoxicity activities of Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:399-417. [PMID: 33494643 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1875345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae), a shrub popularly known as mofumbo, is used in folk medicine for treatment of uterine bleeding, pertussis, gastric pain, and as a sedative. The aim of this study was to (1) determine the phytochemical profile,(2) identify chemical constituents and (3) examine antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts and fractions of stem bark and leaves. The plant material (leaf and stem bark) was submitted to extraction with ethanol, followed by partition using hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. It was possible to identify and quantify the epicatechin in the ethanolic stem bark extract (0.065 mg/g extract) and rutin in the leaf extract (3.33 mg/g extract). Based upon in vitro tests a significant relationship was noted between findings from antioxidant tests and levels of total phenolic and flavonoid. Comparing all samples (extracts and fractions), the ethyl acetate fractions of stem bark (411.40 ± 15.38 GAE/g) and leaves (225.49 ± 9.47 GAE/g) exhibited higher phenolic content, whereas hexanic fraction of stem bark (124.28 ± 56 mg/g sample) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (238.91 ± 1.73 mg/g sample) demonstrated a higher content of flavonoids. Among the antioxidant tests, the intermediate fraction of stem bark (28.5 ± 0.60 μg/ml) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (40 ± 0.56 μg/ml) displayed a higher % inhibition of free radical DPPH activity, whereas intermediate fraction of stem bark (27.5 ± 0.9 μg/ml) and hydromethanol fraction of leaves (81 ± 1.4 μg/ml) demonstrated inhibition of the free radical ABTS. In biological tests (Allium cepa and micronucleus in peripheral blood), data showed that none of the tested concentrations of ethanolic extracts of leaves and stem bark produced significant cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenic activity.Abbreviations AA%: percentage of antioxidant activity; ABTS: 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); CEUA: Ethics Committee in the Use of Animals; TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; EEB: ethanol extract of the stem bark; HFB: Hexanic fraction of stem bark; IFB: Intermediate fraction of stem bark; CFB: Chloroform fraction of stem bark; EAFB: Ethyl acetate fraction of stem bark; HMFB: Hydromethanol fraction of the stem bark; EEL: Ethanol extract from leaves; HFL: Hexane fraction of leaves; CFL: Chloroform fraction of leaves; EAFL: Ethyl acetate fraction of leaves; HMFL: Hydromethanol fraction of leaves; GAE: Gallic Acid Equivalent; IC50: 50% inhibition concentration; HCOOH: Formic acid; HCl: hydrochloric acid; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; MN: micronucleus; WHO: World Health Organization; UFLC: Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography; UESPI: State University of Piauí.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Gonzaga Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Valdiléia Teixeira Uchôa
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Genetics, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati, Maharashtra, India
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Silva-Filho CJ, Freitas PG, Oliveira FC, Barbosa FG, Oliveira MC, Eloy JO, Pessoa C, Mafezoli J. Nanoencapsulation of triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene from Combretum leprosum as strategy to improve its cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Silva FCO, de Menezes JESA, Ferreira MKA, da Silva AW, Holanda CLA, Dos Reis Lima J, Campos AR, Evaristo FFV, Teixeira EH, Magalhães FEA, Bandeira PN, Dos Santos HS. Antinociceptive activity of 3β-6β-16β-trihydroxylup-20 (29)-ene triterpene isolated from Combretum leprosum leaves in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:362-367. [PMID: 32962857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drugs used to treat pain are associated with adverse effects, increasing the search for new drugs as an alternative treatment for pain. Therefore, we evaluated the antinociceptive behavior and possible neuromodulation mechanisms of triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (CLF-1) isolated from Combretum leprosum leaves in zebrafish. Zebrafish (n = 6/group) were pretreated with CLF-1 (0.1 or 0.3 or 1.0 mg/mL; i.p.) and underwent nociception behavior tests. The antinociceptive effect of CFL-1 was tested for modulation by opioid (naloxone), nitrergic (L-NAME), nitric oxide and guanylate cyclase synthesis inhibitor (methylene blue), NMDA (Ketamine), TRPV1 (ruthenium red), TRPA1 (camphor), or ASIC (amiloride) antagonists. The corneal antinociceptive effect of CFL-1 was tested for modulation by TRPV1 (capsazepine). The effect of CFL-1 on zebrafish locomotor behavior was evaluated with the open field test. The acute toxicity study was conducted. CLF-1 reduced nociceptive behavior and corneal in zebrafish without mortalities and without altering the animals' locomotion. Thus, CFL-1 presenting pharmacological potential for the treatment of acute pain and corneal pain, and this effect is modulated by the opioids, nitrergic system, NMDA receptors and TRP and ASIC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Crislândia Oliveira Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jane Eire Silva Alencar de Menezes
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Kueirislene Amâncio Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Antonio Wlisses da Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Leone Alves Holanda
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Joyce Dos Reis Lima
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Adriana Rolim Campos
- Universidade de Fortaleza, Núcleo de Biologia Experimental (NUBEX), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas (LIBS), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Francisco Ernani Alves Magalhães
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade de Fortaleza, Núcleo de Biologia Experimental (NUBEX), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais e Biotecnologia, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nogueira Bandeira
- Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Curso de Química, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Regional do Cariri, Departamento de Química Biológica, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Curso de Química, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Regional do Cariri, Departamento de Química Biológica, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
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Bezerra IDL, Caillot ARC, Oliveira AFD, Santana-Filho AP, Sassaki GL. Cabernet Sauvignon wine polysaccharides attenuate sepsis inflammation and lethality in mice. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:254-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hussain MS, Ibrahim M, Hasan MM, Aziz MT, Suchi SA, Uddin MG. An in vivo study of the pharmacological activities of a methanolic acetate fraction of Pistia stratiotes L.: An ethno-medicinal plant used in Bangladesh. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:221-227. [PMID: 30891568 PMCID: PMC6388050 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study covered an assessment of methanolic acetate fractions of Pistia stratiotes, commonly known as water lettuce, for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and CNS depressant activities. METHODS The methanol acetate fractions were extracted from Pistia stratiotes and administered to the experimental animals as 200 and 400 mg/kg doses to determine the effect on acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced licking and biting, for the assessment of analgesic activity. The anti-inflammatory assay was done using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema method, while assessment of CNS depressant activity was done using the open field and hole cross tests. The effects were compared to standard reference drugs. RESULTS At both doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight), the methanolic acetate extract of P. stratiotes showed significant analgesic action (P < 0.05) against acetic acid-induced writhing. The extract was also found to give significant protection against licking and biting at both doses. The methanolic acetate extract of P. stratiotes showed a significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effect from 0 minutes up to 3 hours in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. In the CNS depressant assay, the methanolic acetate extract showed significant (P < 0.05) depressant activity at both doses from 30 to 120 minutes in both the hole cross and open field tests. CONCLUSION Thus we can conclude that P. stratiotes extracts have significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and CNS depressant activity, compared to standard compounds, in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saddam Hussain
- Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliChittagongBangladesh
| | - Md. Ibrahim
- Department of PharmacyAtish Dipankar University of Science and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Murad Hasan
- Department of microbiologyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliChittagongBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tarek Aziz
- Department of PharmacyAtish Dipankar University of Science and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
| | - Suzia Akter Suchi
- Department of PharmacyAtish Dipankar University of Science and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Giash Uddin
- Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliChittagongBangladesh
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Simões RR, Kraus SI, Coelho IS, Dal-Secco D, Siebert DA, Micke GA, Alberton MD, Santos ARS. Eugenia brasiliensis leaves extract attenuates visceral and somatic inflammatory pain in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 217:178-186. [PMID: 29462700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. (Myrtaceae) is a Brazilian tree distributed throughout Atlantic rain forest, since Bahia until Santa Catarina state, and is popularly known as "grumixaba, grumixameira, cumbixaba, ibaporoiti, and cereja-brasileira". The bark and leaves of Eugenia brasiliensis are used in folk medicine as adstringent, diuretic, energizing, anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed at investigating the chemical composition, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Eugenia brasiliensis (HEEb). MATERIAL AND METHODS Chemical composition of the HEEb was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/ESI-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of HEEb (30-300 mg/kg) was verified in mice after oral administration by intra-gastric gavage (i.g.) 60 min prior to experimentation. It was investigated whether HEEb decreases visceral pain and leukocyte migration induced by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of acetic acid (0.6%). We also evaluated whether HEEb decreases nociceptive behavior induced by formalin (including paw edema and temperature), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), histamine, and compound 48/80. Finally, we evaluated the effect of HEEb in the chronic inflammatory (mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity) pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), as well as quantifying the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the paw by ELISA method. RESULTS Seven polyphenols were identified in HEEb by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. HEEb treatment alleviated nocifensive behavior and leukocyte migration caused by acetic acid. Moreover, HEEb also reduced the inflammatory pain and paw temperature induced by formalin, as well as it decreased nociceptive behavior induced by histamine and compound 48/80. Finally, acute and repeated treatment of animals with HEEb (100 mg/kg, i.g.) markedly reduced the mechanical and thermal (heat) hypersensitivity, besides decrease paw edema and temperature induced by CFA, and this effect was evident until the day 7. Moreover, repeated treatment with HEEb (100 mg/kg, i.g.) significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the paw when compared to the CFA group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing that HEEb presents antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in the visceral and somatic inflammatory pain in mice, possibly involving the inhibition of histamine receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines activated pathways. Our results are of interest because they support the use of Eugenia brasiliensis as a potential source of phytomedicine for inflammatory diseases and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róli R Simões
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; Faculdade Avantis, Balneário Camboriú, SC, Brazil.
| | - Scheila I Kraus
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Igor S Coelho
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dal-Secco
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Diogo A Siebert
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Micke
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele D Alberton
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
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Souza Lima MCJD, Oliveira Bitencourt MA, Furtado AA, Torres-Rêgo M, Siqueira EMDS, Oliveira RM, Oliveira Rocha HA, Ferreira Rocha KB, Silva-Júnior AAD, Zucolotto SM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF. Aspidosperma pyrifolium Has Anti-Inflammatory Properties: An Experimental Study in Mice with Peritonitis Induced by Tityus serrulatus Venom or Carrageenan. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2248. [PMID: 29137120 PMCID: PMC5713218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Scorpions of the genus Tityus are responsible for the majority of envenomation in Brazil, the Tityus serrulatus species being the most common and dangerous in South America. In this approach, we have investigated the ability of the aqueous extract from the leaves of Aspidosperma pyrifolium in reducing carrageenan-induced inflammation and the inflammation induced by T. serrulatus envenomation in mice. We also evaluated the cytotoxic effects of this extract, using the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay and the results revealed that the extract is safe. Analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) and Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry with Diode Array Detection (LC-DAD-MS) showed one major chemical component, the flavonoid rutin and phenolics compounds. For in vivo studies in carrageenan-induced peritonitis model, mice received extracts, dexamethasone, rutin or saline, before administration of carrageenan. For venom-induced inflammation model, animals received T. serrulatus venom and were, simultaneously, treated with extracts, antivenom, rutin or saline. The extract and rutin showed a reduction in the cell migration into the peritoneal cavity, and in the same way the envenomated animals also showed reduction of edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and vasodilation in lungs. This is an original study revealing the potential action of A. pyrifolium against inflammation caused by Tityus serrulatus venom and carrageenan, revealing that this extract and its bioactive molecules, specifically rutin, may present potential anti-inflammatory application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Conceição Jerônimo de Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Angélica Oliveira Bitencourt
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Allanny Alves Furtado
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Manoela Torres-Rêgo
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Emerson Michell da Silva Siqueira
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy (PNBio), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Ruth Medeiros Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Biopolymers, Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Campus Universitário, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova 59072-970, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Biopolymers, Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Center, Campus Universitário, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova 59072-970, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Keyla Borges Ferreira Rocha
- Laboratory of Pathology, Departament of Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy (PNBio), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
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Antibacterial effect on mature biofilms of oral streptococci and antioxidant activity of 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene from Combretum leprosum. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Byrsonima duckeana W. R. Anderson (Malpighiaceae). ScientificWorldJournal 2017; 2017:8367042. [PMID: 28367492 PMCID: PMC5358439 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8367042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Byrsonima is a promising neotropical genus, rich in flavonoids and triterpenes, with several proven pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, Byrsonima duckeana W. R. Anderson is an Amazonian species almost not studied. Objective. To assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of Byrsonima duckeana leaves. Materials and Methods. We analyzed an ethanol extract and its fractions for polyphenol content and UHPLC-MS/MS, phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, TBARS antioxidant tests, formalin-induced pain, carrageenan-induced peritonitis, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhings, and hot plate assays. Results. All the samples showed high polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity in the phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, and TBARS tests. We identified ethyl gallate, quinic acid, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetrin, and quercetin in the samples. B. duckeana was able to reduce leukocyte migration in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis by 43% and the licking time in the formalin test by 57%. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the chloroform (FCL) and ethyl acetate (FEA) fractions were the most active samples. FEA was selected for the hot plate test, where all the dosages tested (5, 50, and 200 mg·kg−1) showed significant analgesic activity. Conclusion. B. duckeana has interesting analgesic and antioxidant activities, due to its high phenolic content, especially phenolic acids.
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Horinouchi CDDS, Mendes DAGB, Nolte S, Brito PSD, Soley BDS, Favero GM, Facundo VA, Santos ARS, Cabrini DDA, Otuki MF. Anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of 3β,6β,16β-Trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene on cutaneous inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:298-308. [PMID: 27880883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 3β,6β,16β-Trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (TTHL) is a triterpene isolated from the flowers of Combretum leprosum, a plant used in folk medicine in the north of Brazil for the treatment of skin disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, TTHL was evaluated as a potential topical anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative agent through in vivo and in vitro models. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anti-inflammmatory and anti-proliferative effects of TTHL were assessed using Swiss mice in acute and chronic models of skin inflammation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-acetate (TPA) application. Anti-proliferative activity was proved through in vitro experiments with the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line. RESULTS Treatment with TTHL inhibited inflammatory parameters such as oedema formation and cellular infiltration in acute and chronic models. In the chronic model, TTHL also inhibited epidermal hyperproliferation, as evidenced by reduction of epidermis thickness and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. The anti-proliferative effect was confirmed by the capability of TTHL in reducing the proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis of HaCaT cells. Suggesting a mechanism of action, TTHL showed activation of corticosteroid receptors, but without the induction of corticosteroid-related cutaneous side effects. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate consistent anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity and assign TTHL as a valuable tool in the development of a new treatment for skin inflammatory and proliferative diseases, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefanie Nolte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748 (Room - M47), CEP 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Salles de Brito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748 (Room - M47), CEP 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva Soley
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19031, CEP 81530-900 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giovani Marino Favero
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748 CEP 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Valdir Alves Facundo
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, CEP 6801-974 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Santos
- Department of Physiological Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Almeida Cabrini
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19031, CEP 81530-900 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michel Fleith Otuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19031, CEP 81530-900 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Furtado AA, Torres-Rêgo M, Lima MCJS, Bitencourt MAO, Estrela AB, Souza da Silva N, da Silva Siqueira EM, Tomaz JC, Lopes NP, Silva-Júnior AA, Zucolotto SM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF. Aqueous extract from Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) leaves and its phenolic compounds have anti-inflammatory activity in murine models of edema, peritonitis and air-pouch inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:225-235. [PMID: 27448455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. and Schult.(Convolvulaceae), popularly known as salsa or salsa-brava, is a plant of which the decoction of leaves is used in folk medicine to treat various inflammatory disorders such of dermatitis, scabies, symptoms of syphilis, skin ulcers and external wounds. However, little is known about possible compounds and mechanisms of action of the plant to support the activities reported by popular use. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to identify bioactive molecules present in the crude extract of I. asarifolia leaves and investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of this extract in different experimental in vivo models to improve the understanding on that activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aqueous extract of I. asarifolia leaves was prepared by decoction (1:10 m/v) and its chromatographic profile was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and liquid chromatography diode array detector coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS). The potential anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was assessed using the following in vivo models: xylene-induced ear edema (20, 30 and 40mg/kg), evaluating the degree of edema formation; carrageenan-induced peritonitis (10, 20 and 30mg/kg), evaluating leukocyte migration and cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α) at 4h; zymosan-induced air pouch inflammation (20, 30 and 40mg/kg), evaluating the kinetics of leukocyte migration by total and differential counts at 6, 24 and 48h. The same tests were conducted using pure compounds identified in the aqueous extract from I. asarifolia leaves in different doses for each experimental model. RESULTS The compounds identified in the aqueous extract of I. asarifolia leaves by HPLC-DAD and LC-DAD-MS were rutin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. The extract significantly reduced ear edema induced by xylene (81%, 85% and 86% for doses of 20, 30 and 40mg/kg, respectively, p<0.001), as well as cell migration in experimental models of peritonitis (70%, 78% and 83% for doses of 10, 20 and 30mg/kg, respectively, p<0.001) and air pouch inflammation (58%, 67% and 53% for doses of 20, 30 and 40mg/kg, respectively, p<0.001). In addition, the extract demonstrated the ability to significantly inhibit the production of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α (p<0.001). The secondary metabolites tested (rutin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid) also showed the ability to significantly (p<0.001) decrease the parameters analyzed above. CONCLUSION This is the first study to identify and confirm these phenolic compounds in I. asarifolia leaves extract and to suggest that these compounds contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, as reported by ethnomedicinal use of this plant. Through the different experimental models performed, we can conclude that the results obtained with the aqueous extract from I. asarifolia leaves support its popular use for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allanny A Furtado
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Manoela Torres-Rêgo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Maíra C J S Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Mariana A O Bitencourt
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Andréia Bergamo Estrela
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Nayara Souza da Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - José Carlos Tomaz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Arnóbio Antônio Silva-Júnior
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silvana M Zucolotto
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Matheus F Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Xu F, Wen T, Wang F, Sang W, Zeng N. Protective effect of cinnamicaldehyde in endotoxin poisoning mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:455-463. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1241260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Taoqun Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Wentao Sang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Nan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, PR China
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Gweshelo D, Muswe R, Mukanganyama S. In vivo and in vitro inhibition of rat liver glutathione transferases activity by extracts from Combretum zeyheri (Combretaceae) and Parinari curatellifolia (Chrysobalanaceae). Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:238. [PMID: 27457758 PMCID: PMC4960700 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Parinari curatellifolia and Combretum zeyheri are medicinal plants used in Zimbabwe and other Southern African countries for stomach ailments, fever, body aches, wound healing, cancer and tuberculosis. Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are mammalian enzymes that play a significant role in the detoxification and metabolism of many xenobiotic and endogenous compounds and as such can interact with many exogenous compounds including herbal medicines. The effects of Parinari curatellifolia and Combretum zeyheri leaf extracts on glutathione transferases of male Sprague–Dawley rats were investigated in vivo and in vitro after oral administration of either leaf ethanol or water extracts of each plant. Methods For Parinari curatellifolia, 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with 0, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the leaf extracts in corn oil or saline. Animals were sacrificed after 96 h and the kidney and liver samples were removed and used to prepare the cytosolic fractions. GST activity was determined using 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobezene. For Combretum zeyheri, twenty four male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. These two groups were further divided into three groups of four animals each. They were given either the aqueous or ethanol extract at doses of C. zeyheri at 0, 50 mg/kg body weight and 200 mg/kg body weight. The extracts were administered orally by oral gavage for four consecutive days and the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on the fifth day. Results In animals administered with C. zeyheri, GST activity was significantly increased by the 200 mg/kg aqueous extract in the kidneys and livers in vivo whilst the ethanolic extract at 200 mg/kg decreased enzyme activity significantly both organs. Both the ethanol and aqueous extracts inhibited GST activity in vitro with the ethanol extract being more potent inhibitor than ethacrynic acid, a standard GST inhibitor. The increased GST activity in vivo and versus inhibition in vitro suggests that metabolites may be responsible for the effects observed in vivo. For P. curatellifolia, a dose-dependent decrease in GST activity was observed in vivo for the animals given the aqueous extract but no changes were observed with the ethanol extract. There was a concentration-dependent inhibition of cytosolic GSTs when P. curatellifolia leaf extracts in vitro. The ethanol extract of P. curatellifolia exhibited GST-inhibitory activity in the liver with an IC50 value of 12 μg/mL and for ethacrynic acid, the IC50 was found to be 10 μg/mL. This showed that this extract was a potent inhibitor of GSTs in vitro. Conclusions C. zeyheri had an inductive effect on GST activity when administered in aqueous solution but inhibited GST in vitro whilst P. curatellifolia inhibited GST activity in vivo. Induction of GSTs would be cytoprotective against the toxic effects electrophilic chemicals. Since GSTs are responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins, the inhibition of GST activity of by these two plants in vivo maybe one of the reasons that makes the plants important for use in the treatment pain and fever in ethnopharmacology.
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Structural Aspects of Antioxidant and Genotoxic Activities of Two Flavonoids Obtained from Ethanolic Extract of Combretum leprosum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9849134. [PMID: 27478483 PMCID: PMC4949345 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9849134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Combretum leprosum Mart., a member of the Combretaceae family, is a traditionally used Brazilian medicinal plant, although no evidence in the literature substantiates its antioxidant action and the safety of its use. We evaluated the antioxidant properties of the ethanolic extract (EE) from flowers of C. leprosum and its isolated products 5,3′-dihydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (FCL2) and 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (FCL5) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains proficient and deficient in antioxidant defenses. Their mutagenic activity was also assayed in S. cerevisiae, whereas cytotoxic and genotoxic properties were evaluated by MTT and Comet Assays, respectively, in V79 cells. We show that the EE, FCL2, and FCL5 have a significant protective effect against H2O2. FCL2 showed a better antioxidant action, which can be related to the activation of the 3′-OH in the presence of a methoxyl group at 4′ position in the B-ring of the molecule, while flavonoids did not induce mutagenesis in yeast, and the EE was mutagenic at high concentrations. The toxicity of these compounds in V79 cells increases from FCL2 = FCL5 < EE; although not cytotoxic, FCL5 induced an increase in DNA damage. The antioxidant effect, along with the lower toxicity and the absence of genotoxicity, suggests that FCL2 could be suitable for pharmacological use.
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Moraes LS, Rohor BZ, Areal LB, Pereira EV, Santos AMC, Facundo VA, Santos ARS, Pires RGW, Martins-Silva C. Medicinal plant Combretum leprosum mart ameliorates motor, biochemical and molecular alterations in a Parkinson's disease model induced by MPTP. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:68-76. [PMID: 26994817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Combretum leprosum is a popular medicinal plant distributed in north and northeastern regions of Brazil. Many different parts of this plant are used in traditional medicine to treat several inflammatory diseases. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disorder associated with inflammatory toxic factors and the treatments available provide merely a delay of the neurodegeneration. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the potential neuroprotective properties of the C. leprosum ethanolic extract (C.l.EE) in a murine model of PD using the toxin 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The mice were split into four groups: V/S (vehicle/saline), E/S (extract/saline), V/M (vehicle/MPTP) and E/M (extract/ MPTP). Mice received MPTP (30mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (10ml/kg, i.p.) once a day for 5 consecutive days and vehicle (10ml/kg) or C.l.EE (100mg/kg) orally by intra-gastric gavage (i.g.) during a 14-d period, starting 3 days before the first MPTP injection. All groups were assessed for behavioural impairments (amphetamine-induced locomotor activity and muscle strength), dopamine content in striatum using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) gene expressions using qPCR. RESULTS Animals were injected with d-amphetamine (2mg/kg) and the activity was recorded. Amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion was observed in all groups; however animals treated with MPTP showed exacerbated hyperlocomotion (approximately 3 fold increase compared to control groups). By contrast, mice treated with MPTP that received C.l.EE exhibited attenuation of the hyperlocomotion and did not differ from control groups. Muscle strength test pointed that C.l.EE strongly avoided muscular deficits caused by MPTP (approximately 2 fold increase compared to V/M group). Dopamine and its metabolites were measured in the striatum. The V/M group presented a dopamine reduction of 80%. On the other hand, the E/M group exhibited an increase in dopamine and its metabolites levels (approximately 3 fold increase compared to V/M group). Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) gene expressions were significantly reduced in the V/M group (60%). Conversely, C.l.EE treatment was able to increase the mRNA levels of those genes in the E/M group (approximately 2 fold for TH and DAT). CONCLUSIONS These data show, for the first time, that C. leprosum ethanolic extract prevented motor and molecular changes induced by MPTP, and partially reverted dopamine deficit. Thus, our results demonstrate that C.l.EE has potential for the treatment and prevention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S Moraes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Bruna Z Rohor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Lorena B Areal
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Evaldo V Pereira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Proteins, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M C Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Proteins, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Valdir A Facundo
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Rondônia-UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Rita G W Pires
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Cristina Martins-Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468 - Maruípe, 29.043-910 Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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Siddiqui F, Naqvi S, Abidi L, Faizi S, Avesi L, Mirza T, Farooq AD. Opuntia dillenii cladode: Opuntiol and opuntioside attenuated cytokines and eicosanoids mediated inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 182:221-234. [PMID: 26900126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHANOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Opuntia dillenii Haw (Nagphana) traditionally used against inflammation. The present study addressed the anti-inflammatory activity of O. dillenii derived methanol extract, fractions and pure compounds and their underlying mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS O. dillenii cladode methanol extract was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) furnishing two main fractions viz (T-1 and -2) leading to isolation of opuntiol (aglycone) and opuntioside (O-glucoside), respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity of extract, fractions, pure compounds and reference drugs were evaluated using: (1) arachidonic acid (AA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema accompanied by histological studies of mice ear sections and phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-induced mice paw edema. (2) Carrageenan and glycogen-induced peritonitis in rodents. In parallel levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined via HPLC and fluoroemetrically using 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) dye, respectively. Additionally, levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins IL-1β and -6 were measured by ELISA assay. RESULTS O. dillenii methanol extract, fractions and pure compounds reduced AA and TPA-induced ear punch weight in a dose dependent fashion. The corresponding IC50 values obtained also suppressed inflammatory features observed histologically. Furthermore, paw edema and peritonitis were also attenuated. Similar to indomethacin and diclofenac sodium, opuntioside reduced PGE2 levels of inflamed ear which was comparatively 1.3× better than opuntiol. However, opuntiol was more potent in reducing LTB4 levels in rat neutrophils with an IC50 value of 19±3.3μΜ, while opuntioside was ineffective. Opuntiol also effectively suppressed ROS (37%) and cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β and -6) by ~50% and comparable to dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS O. dillenii cladodes possess anti-inflammatory properties via inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolites and cytokines. Opuntiol (aglycone) emerged as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipooxygenase (LOX) pathways. It also suppressed ROS and cytokine levels. However, opuntioside manifested its selectivity towards COX (PGE2) pathway without affecting LTB4 levels. The present report describing the anti-inflammatory activity of opuntiol and opuntioside for the first time thereby, supporting and justifying the traditional use of O. dillenii against inflammation and may serve as lead compound in designing of new anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheema Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Sabira Naqvi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Lubna Abidi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Lubna Avesi
- Pathology Department, Dow International Medical College (DIMC), Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.
| | - Talat Mirza
- Pathology Department, Dow International Medical College (DIMC), Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.
| | - Ahsana Dar Farooq
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Alves Filho FDC, Cavalcanti PMDS, Passaglia RDCAT, Ballejo G. Long-lasting endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated arteries caused by an extract from the bark of Combretum leprosum. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2016; 13:395-403. [PMID: 26466063 PMCID: PMC4943785 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and to characterize the relaxing effect of an extract of the bark of Combretum leprosum on isolated arterial rings from different animals. METHODS Rings (3 to 4mm) from rabbit, rat, or porcine arteries rings were suspended in an organ bath (Krebs, 37°C, 95%O2/5%CO2) to record isometric contractions. After the stabilization period (2 to 3 hours) contractions were induced by the addition of phenylephrine (0.1 to 0.3µM) or U46619 (10 to 100nM), and Combretum leprosum extract was added on the plateau of the contractions. Experiments were performed to determine the potency, duration, reversibility, and to get insights on the potential mechanism involved in extract-induced relaxations. RESULTS In all rings tested, Combretumleprosum extract (1.5μg/mL) was able to cause relaxations, which were strictly endothelium-dependent. In rabbit or rat thoracic aorta rings, the relaxations were reversed by vitamin B12a or L-NG-nitroarginine. In porcine right coronary arteries and rabbit abdominal aorta, extract caused both L-NG-nitroarginine-sensitive and L-NG-nitroarginine-resistant relaxations. In rabbit thoracic aorta, the extract was relatively potent (EC50=0.20µg/mL) and caused relaxations; intriguingly the endothelium continued to produce relaxing factors for a long period after removing the extract. The magnitude of extract-induced relaxations was significantly reduced in the absence of extracellular Ca2+; in addition, the TRPs channels blocker ruthenium red (10µM) was able to revert extract-induced relaxations. Phytochemical analyses indicated that the extract was rich in polyphenol-like reacting substances. CONCLUSIONS Combretum leprosum extract contains bioactive compounds capable of promoting Ca2+-dependent stimulation of endothelial cells which results in a prolonged production of relaxing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gustavo Ballejo
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Piegang BN, Tigoufack IBN, Ngnokam D, Achounna AS, Watcho P, Greffrath W, Treede RD, Nguelefack TB. Cycloartanes from Oxyanthus pallidus and derivatives with analgesic activities. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:97. [PMID: 26956043 PMCID: PMC4784378 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The leaves of Oxyanthus pallidus Hiern (Rubiaceae) are extensively used in the west region of Cameroon as analgesic. These leaves are rich in cycloartanes, a subclass of triterpenes known to possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed at evaluating the analgesic properties of three cycloartanes isolated from Oxyanthus pallidus leaves as well as their aglycones and acetylated derivatives. Methods Three cycloartanes OP3, OP5 and OP6 obtained by successive chromatography of the crude methanol extract of the leaves were hydrolysed to yield respective aglycone AOP1, AOP2, AOP3 and acetylated to HOP1, HOP2 and HOP3 respectively. Formalin-induced pain model was used to evaluate the acute anti-nociceptive properties of these cycloartanes (5 mg/kg, p.o) in mice and to determine the structure-activity relationship. Acute (24 h) and chronic (10 days) anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of OP5 were evaluated at the doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day administered orally. OP6 was also evaluated in acute experiments. The antioxidant and hepato-protective activities of OP5 were evaluated at the end of the chronic treatment. Results The mixture and the individual isolated cycloartanes significantly inhibited both phases of formalin-induced pain with percentage inhibition ranging from 13 to 78 %. Acid hydrolysis did not significantly affect their antinociceptive activities while acetylation significantly reduced the effects of these compounds during the second phase of pain. OP5 and OP6 induced acute anti-hyperalgesic activity in formalin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia but not an anti-inflammatory effect. Repeated administration of OP5 for 10 days did not induce any anti-hyperalgesic effect. The evaluation of in vivo antioxidant properties showed that OP5 significantly reduced malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase levels in liver without significantly affecting other oxidative stress and hepatotoxic parameters. Chronic administration of OP5 did not cause gastric ulceration. Conclusion Cycloartanes isolated from Oxyanthus pallidus possess analgesic effects but lack anti-inflammatory activities. This analgesic effect especially on inflammatory pain may be due to the presence of hydroxyl group in front of the plane. OP5 is devoid of ulcerogenic effect and possess antioxidant properties that might be of benefit to its analgesic properties.
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do Nascimento-Neto LG, Evaristo FFV, Alves MFDA, Albuquerque MRJR, dos Santos HS, Bandeira PN, Arruda FVS, Teixeira EH. Effect of the triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene isolated from the leaves of Combretum leprosum Mart. on cutaneous wounds in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 171:116-120. [PMID: 26048429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Combretum leprosum Mart. is a native species of the Caatinga, an important biome in the Brazilian semi-arid region. This species is commonly used in Brazil as a healing agent, as well as for the treatment of skin diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the healing potential of the ethanolic extract (EECL) and the bioactive triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihydroxylup-20 (29)-ene (CLF-1) isolated from the leaves of C. leprosum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin wounds (1cm(2)) were created in the dorsal zone of mice with a scalpel blade number 15. The treatment consisted in a daily topical application of 100 μl of 150 mM NaCl, EECL and CLF-1 (at 10 μg/100 μl) for 12 days. The lesions were then macro and microscopically evaluated. RESULTS On postoperative day (POD) 2, the lesions treated with EECL and CLF-1 showed a moderate presence of vessels of the granulation tissue progressing in the dermis. The same effect was not observed in the control group. The treatment with EECL and CLF-1 stimulated angiogenesis, resulting in a rapid deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, the animals treated with EECL and CLF-1 showed smaller lesions on POD 7, primarily due to the contraction in the reticular dermis induced by organization of myofibroblasts, which was not observed in the group treated with NaCl. In addition, the lesions treated with EECL and CLF-1 showed ECM restructuration and presence of epithelium coating, which was not observed in the group treated with NaCl, in which the lesions showed no epithelial lining, suggesting delayed healing. CONCLUSION CLF-1 isolated from the leaves of C. leprosum may be considered to be an important molecule for the treatment of skin lesions. However, further investigations are necessary to establish its role in chronic lesions and to elucidate the mechanism of action involved in the cutaneous healing process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the pro-healing activity of the ethanolic extract and the triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene isolated from leaves of C. leprosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gonzaga do Nascimento-Neto
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas (LIBS), Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60441-750 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Flávio Vasconcelos Evaristo
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas (LIBS), Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60441-750 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mayara Freire de Alencar Alves
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas (LIBS), Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60441-750 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Helcio Silva dos Santos
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, CEP 62040-370 Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nogueira Bandeira
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, CEP 62040-370 Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Vassiliepe Sousa Arruda
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas (LIBS), Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60441-750 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas (LIBS), Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60441-750 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Martinez RM, Longhi-Balbinot DT, Zarpelon AC, Staurengo-Ferrari L, Baracat MM, Georgetti SR, Sassonia RC, Verri WA, Casagrande R. Anti-inflammatory activity of betalain-rich dye of Beta vulgaris: effect on edema, leukocyte recruitment, superoxide anion and cytokine production. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:494-504. [PMID: 25173360 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have recently developed betalain-rich beetroot (Beta vulgaris) dye (betalain) to be used in food products. Betalain (30-300 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment diminished carrageenan (100 µg/paw)-induced paw edema and neutrophil migration to the paw skin tissue. Betalain (100 mg/kg) treatment by subcutaneous or per oral routes also inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw edema. Importantly, the post-treatment with betalain (100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited carrageenan- and complete Freund's adjuvant (10 µl/paw)-induced paw edema. Betalain (100 mg/kg) also reduced carrageenan (500 µg/cavity)-induced recruitment of total leukocytes, including mononuclear cells and neutrophils, as well as increasing vascular permeability in the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, betalain significantly reduced carrageenan-induced superoxide anion, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β levels in the peritoneal fluid, as well as augmenting IL-10 levels. Therefore, this compound presents prominent anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis by reducing the production of superoxide anion and the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, in addition to increasing IL-10 levels. These results suggest that betalain shows therapeutic potential that could be utilized in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Martinez
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
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Fernandes FFA, Tomaz MA, El-Kik CZ, Monteiro-Machado M, Strauch MA, Cons BL, Tavares-Henriques MS, Cintra ACO, Facundo VA, Melo PA. Counteraction of Bothrops snake venoms by Combretum leprosum root extract and arjunolic acid. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:552-562. [PMID: 24952279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Serotherapy against snakebite is often unavailable in some regions over Brazil, where people make use of plants from folk medicine to deal with ophidic accidents. About 10% of Combretum species have some ethnopharmacological use, including treatment of snakebites. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the ability of the extract of Combretum leprosum and its component arjunolic acid to reduce some in vivo and in vitro effects of Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops jararaca venoms. The protocols investigated include phospholipase, proteolytic, collagenase, hyaluronidase, procoagulant, hemorrhagic, edematogenic, myotoxic and lethal activities induced by these venoms in Swiss mice. RESULTS Oral pre-treatment with arjunolic acid reduced the Bothrops jararacussu lethality in up to 75%, while preincubation prevented the death of all the animals. Hemoconcentration effect of Bothrops jararacussu venom was confirmed two hours after i.p. injection, while preincubation with arjunolic acid preserved the hematocrit levels. Both Combretum leprosum extract and arjunolic acid abolished the myotoxic action of Bothrops jararacussu venom. Preincubation of Bothrops jararacussu venom with the extract or arjunolic acid prevented the increase of plasma creatine kinase activity in mice. The hemorrhagic activity of Bothrops jararaca crude venom was reduced down to about 90% and completely inhibited by preincubation with 10 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg Combretum leprosum extract, respectively, while the preincubation and the pretreatment with 30 mg/kg of arjunolic acid reduced the venom hemorrhagic activity down to about 12% and 58%, respectively. The preincubation of the venom with both extract and 30 mg/kg arjunolic acid significantly reduced the bleeding amount induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom. The extract of Combretum leprosum decreased the edema formation induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom both in preincubation and pretreatment, but not in posttreatment. Similarly, arjunolic acid preincubated with the venom abolished edema formation, while pre- and posttreatment have been partially effective. Some enzymatic activities of Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops jararaca venoms, i.e. phospholipase A2, collagenase, proteolytic and hyaluronidase activities, were to some extent inhibited by the extract and arjunolic acid in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results show that Combretum leprosum extract can inhibit different activities of two important Brazilian snake venoms, giving support for its popular use in folk medicine in the management of venomous snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício F A Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Tomaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Z El-Kik
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Monteiro-Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Strauch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Cons
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus S Tavares-Henriques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adélia C O Cintra
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdir A Facundo
- Departamento de Química - Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Viau CM, Moura DJ, Facundo VA, Saffi J. The natural triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxy-lup-20(29)-ene obtained from the flowers of Combretum leprosum induces apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:280. [PMID: 25086656 PMCID: PMC4129108 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The 3β, 6β, 16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (TTHL) is a pentacyclic triterpene obtained from the medicinal plant Combretum leprosum Mart. In folk medicine, this plant is popularly known as mofumbo, cipoaba or mufumbo, and is used to treat several diseases associated with inflammation and pain. Methods We investigated the antitumor efficacy of TTHL isolated from C. leprosum. The TTHL cytotoxic effect was investigated in MRC5, MCF-7, HepG2, T24, HCT116, HT29, and CACO-2 cells after 24, 48, 72 and 120 h of treatment. The mechanisms of cell death and DNA damage induction were investigated by flow cytometry and comet assay, respectively. Results The results indicated that TTHL induced a time- and concentration-dependent growth inhibition in all human cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity was more pronounced in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with an IC50 of 0.30 μg/mL at 120 h. We therefore evaluated the cell death mechanism induced by TTHL (IC20, IC50, and IC80) in MCF-7 cells at 24 h. We found that the treatment with IC50 and IC80 TTHL for 24 h induced apoptosis in 14% (IC50) and 52% (IC80) of MCF-7 cells. The apoptosis induced by TTHL was accompanied by increased levels of both cleaved caspase-9 and intracellular ROS. In order to further understand the biological mechanism of TTHL-induced cytotoxicity, we have also investigated its effect on different Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains. The mutant strains sod1Δ, sod2Δ, and sod1Δsod2Δ, which are deficient in superoxide dismutase antioxidant defenses, were hypersensitive to TTHL, suggesting that its capacity to disturb cellular redox balance plays a role in drug toxicity. Moreover, TTHL induced mutagenicity in the yeast strain XV185-14c. Conclusions Taken together, the results suggest that TTHL forms covalent adducts with cellular macromolecules, potentially disrupting cellular function and triggering apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-280) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Syam S, Bustamam A, Abdullah R, Sukari MA, Hashim NM, Mohan S, Looi CY, Wong WF, Yahayu MA, Abdelwahab SI. β Mangostin suppress LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro and carrageenan-induced peritonitis in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:435-445. [PMID: 24607509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit hull of Garcinia mangostana Linn. has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Hence, this study aims to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of β mangostin (βM), a major compound present in Garcinia mangostana. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in silico analysis of inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase (COX) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) were performed via molecular docking. Further evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect was conducted in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Suppression of activated NF-kB was analyzed by high content screening. βM triggered inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro were studied using biochemical kit. The in vivo model used in this study was carrageenan-induced peritonitis model, where reduction in carrageenan-induced peritonitis is measured by leukocyte migration and vascular permeability. In addition, the evaluation of βM׳s effect on carrageenan induced TNF-α and IL-1β release on peritoneal fluid was also carried out. RESULTS Treatment with βM could inhibit the LPS-induced NO production but not the viability of RAW 264.7. Similarly, βM inhibited PGE2 production and the cytokines: TNF-α and IL-6. The COX catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis assay had showed selective COX-2 inhibition with a 53.0±6.01% inhibition at 20 µg/ml. Apart from this, βM was capable in repressing translocation of NF-kB into the nucleus. These results were concurrent with molecular docking which revealed COX-2 selectivity and NF-kB inhibition. The in vivo analysis showed that after four hours of peritonitis, βM was unable to reduce vascular permeability, yet could decrease the total leukocyte migration; particularly, neutrophils. Meanwhile, dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg, successfully reduced vascular permeability. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in peritoneal fluid was reduced significantly by βM treatment. CONCLUSION The current study supports the traditional use of Garcinia mangostana fruit hull for treatment of inflammatory conditions. In addition, it is clear that the anti-inflammatory efficacy of this plant is not limited to the presence of α and γ, but β also with significant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvitha Syam
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Bustamam
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Aspollah Sukari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, PO Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lucena FRS, de Araújo LCC, Rodrigues MDD, da Silva TG, Pereira VRA, Militão GCG, Fontes DAF, Rolim-Neto PJ, da Silva FF, Nascimento SC. Induction of cancer cell death by apoptosis and slow release of 5-fluoracil from metal-organic frameworks Cu-BTC. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 67:707-13. [PMID: 24095176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the mechanism associated with cytotoxic activity displayed by the drug 5-fluorouracil incorporated in Cu-BTC MOF and its slow delivery from the Cu-BTC MOF. Structural characterization encompasses elemental analysis (CHNS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), Fournier transform infrared (FIT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to verify the process of association between the drug 5-FU and Cu-BTC MOF. Flow cytometry was done to indicate that apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the cell death. The release profile of the drug 5-FU from Cu-BTC MOF for 48 hours was obeisant. Also, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the peritonitis testing and the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. The chemical characterization of the material indicated the presence of drug associated with the coordination network in a proportion of 0.82 g 5-FU per 1.0 g of Cu-BTC MOF. The cytotoxic tests were carried out against four cell lines: NCI-H292, MCF-7, HT29 and HL60. The Cu-BTC MOF associated drug was extremely cytotoxic against the human breast cancer adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line and against human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60), cancer cells were killed by apoptosis mechanisms. The drug demonstrated a slow release profile where 82% of the drug was released in 48 hours. The results indicated that the drug incorporated in Cu-BTC MOF decreased significantly the number of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity of rodents as well as reduced levels of cytokines and nitric oxide production.
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Quintans-Júnior LJ, Barreto RSS, Menezes PP, Almeida JRGS, Viana AFSC, Oliveira RCM, Oliveira AP, Gelain DP, de Lucca Júnior W, Araújo AAS. β-Cyclodextrin-complexed (−)-linalool produces antinociceptive effect superior to that of (−)-linalool in experimental pain protocols. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:167-72. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula P. Menezes
- Department of Pharmacy; Federal University of Sergipe (UFS); Aracaju; Brazil
| | - Jackson R. G. S. Almeida
- Pharmaceutical Sciences College; Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF); Petrolina; Brazil
| | | | - Rita C. M. Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology; Federal Univercity of Piauí; Teresina; Brazil
| | - Aldeídia P. Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology; Federal Univercity of Piauí; Teresina; Brazil
| | - Daniel P. Gelain
- Department of Biochemistry; Federal Univercity of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; Brazil
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Dartora N, de Souza LM, Paiva SM, Scoparo CT, Iacomini M, Gorin PA, Rattmann YD, Sassaki GL. Rhamnogalacturonan from Ilex paraguariensis: A potential adjuvant in sepsis treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:1776-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Della-Pace ID, Rambo LM, Ribeiro LR, Saraiva ALL, de Oliveira SM, Silva CR, Villarinho JG, Rossato MF, Ferreira J, de Carvalho LM, de Oliveira Lima F, Furian AF, Oliveria MS, Santos ARS, Facundo VA, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β trihidroxilup-20(29)-ene protects against excitability and oxidative damage induced by pentylenetetrazol: the role of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Neuropharmacology 2012; 67:455-64. [PMID: 23219656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Administration of the compound triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihidroxilup-20(29)-ene (TTHL) resulted in antinociceptive activity in several pain models in mice. Because pain and epilepsy have common mechanisms, and several anticonvulsants are clinically used to treat painful disorders, we investigated the anticonvulsant potential of TTHL. Behavioral and electrographic recordings revealed that pretreatment with TTHL (30 mg/kg; i.g.) increased the latencies to the first clonic seizure to the tonic-clonic and reduced the duration of the generalized seizures induced by the GABA(A) receptor antagonist PTZ (80 g; i.p.). The TTHL pretreatment also protected against PTZ-induced deleterious effects, as characterized by protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, [(3)H] glutamate uptake and the inhibition of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase (subunits α(1) and α(2)/α(3)). Although TTHL did not exhibit DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity per se and does not alter the binding of [(3)H]flunitrazepam to the benzodiazepinic site of the GABA(A) receptor, this compound was effective in preventing behavioral and EEG seizures, as well as the inhibition of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase induced by ouabain. These results suggest that the protection against PTZ-induced seizures elicited by TTHL is due to Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity maintenance. In fact, experiments in homogenates of the cerebral cortex revealed that PTZ (10 mM) reduced Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and that previous incubation with TTHL (10 μM) protected against this inhibition. Collectively, these data indicate that the protection exerted by TTHL in this model of convulsion is not related to antioxidant activity or GABAergic activity. However, these results demonstrated that the effective protection of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase elicited by this compound protects against the damage due to neuronal excitability and oxidation that is induced by PTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Domingues Della-Pace
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício (BioEx), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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