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Adico MDW, Bayala B, Bunay J, Baron S, Simpore J, Lobaccaro JMA. Contribution of Sub-Saharan African medicinal plants to cancer research: Scientific basis 2013-2023. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107138. [PMID: 38467241 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer incidence and mortality rates are increasing worldwide. Cancer treatment remains a real challenge for African countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where funding and resources are very limited. High costs, side effects and drug resistance associated with cancer treatment have encouraged scientists to invest in research into new herbal cancer drugs. In order to identify potential anticancer plants for drug development, this review aims to collect and summarize anticancer activities (in vitro/in vivo) and molecular mechanisms of sub-Saharan African medicinal plant extracts against cancer cell lines. Scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and PubMed were used to search for research articles published from January 2013 to May 2023 on anticancer medicinal plants in sub-Saharan Africa. The data were analyzed to highlight the cytotoxicity and molecular mechanisms of action of these listed plants. A total of 85 research papers covering 204 medicinal plant species were selected for this review. These plants come from 57 families, the most dominant being the plants of the family Amaryllidaceae (16), Fabaceae (14), Annonaceae (10), Asteraceae (10). Plant extracts exert their anticancer activity mainly by inducing apoptosis and stopping the cell cycle of cancer cells. Several plant extracts from sub-Saharan Africa therefore have strong potential for the search for original anticancer phytochemicals. Chemoproteomics, multi-omics, genetic editing technology (CRISPR/Cas9), combined therapies and artificial intelligence tools are cutting edge emerging technologies that facilitate the discovery and structural understanding of anticancer molecules of medicinal plants, reveal their direct targets, explore their therapeutic uses and molecular bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D W Adico
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), 01 BP 216, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Bagora Bayala
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), 01 BP 216, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, et Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure, BP 376, Koudougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Julio Bunay
- Institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, et Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, et Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), 01 BP 216, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, et Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France.
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Chang Y, Gao X, Jiang Y, Wang J, Liu L, Yan J, Huang G, Yang H. Alpha-hederin reprograms multi-miRNAs activity and overcome small extracellular vesicles-mediated paclitaxel resistance in NSCLC. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1257941. [PMID: 38362150 PMCID: PMC10867254 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1257941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) mediate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and contribute to the malignant transformation of tumors, including unrestricted growth, metastasis, or therapeutic resistance. However, there is a lack of agents targeting sEVs to overcome or reverse tumor chemotherapy resistance through sEVs-mediated TME reprogramming. Methods: The paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant A549T cell line was used to explore the inhibitory effect of alpha-hederin on impeding the transmission of chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through the small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) pathway. This investigation utilized the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Transcriptomics, Western blot, oil red O staining, and targeted metabolomics were utilized to evaluate the impact of alpha-hederin on the expression of signaling pathways associated with chemoresistance transmission in NSCLC cells before and after treatment. In vivo molecular imaging and immunohistochemistry were conducted to assess how alpha-hederin influences the transmission of chemoresistance through the sEVs pathway. RT-PCR was employed to examine the expression of miRNA and lncRNA in response to alpha-hederin treatment. Results: The resistance to PTX chemotherapy in A549T cells was overcome by alpha-hederin through its dependence on sEV secretion. However, the effectiveness of alpha-hederin was compromised when vesicle secretion was blocked by the GW4869 inhibitor. Transcriptomic analysis for 463 upregulated genes in recipient cells exposed to A549T-derived sEVs revealed that these sEVs enhanced TGFβ signaling and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathways. Alpha-hederin inhibited 15 types of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis by reducing the signaling activity of the sEVs-mediated TGFβ/SMAD2 pathway. Further, we observed that alpha-hederin promoted the production of three microRNAs (miRNAs, including miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, and miR-125b-5p) and the sorting to sEVs in A549T cells. These miRNAs targeted the TGFβ/SMADs signaling activity in sEVs-recipient cells and sensitized them to the PTX therapy. Conclusion: Our finding demonstrated that alpha-hederin could sensitize PTX-resistant NSCLC cells by sEV-mediated multiple miRNAs accumulation, and inhibiting TGFβ/SMAD2 pathways in recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Oncology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Meng D, Ren M, Li M, Wang M, Geng W, Shang Q. Molecular mechanism of α-Hederin in tumor progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116097. [PMID: 38160624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Hederin is a monosaccharide pentacyclic triterpene saponin compound derived from the Chinese herb, Pulsatilla. It has garnered considerable attention for its anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and spasmolytic pharmacological activities. Given the rising incidence of cancer and the pronounced adverse reactions associated with chemotherapy drugs-which profoundly impact the quality of life for cancer patients-there is an immediate need for safe and effective antitumor agents. Traditional drugs and their anticancer effects have become a focal point of research in recent years. Studies indicate that α-Hederin can hinder tumor cell proliferation and impede the advancement of various cancers, including breast, lung, colorectal, and liver cancers. The principal mechanism behind its anti-tumor activity involves inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, facilitating tumor cell apoptosis, and arresting the cell cycle process. Current evidence suggests that α-Hederin can exert its anti-tumor properties through diverse mechanisms, positioning it as a promising agent in anti-tumor therapy. However, a comprehensive literature search revealed a gap in the comprehensive understanding of α-Hederin. This paper aims to review the available literature on the anti-tumor mechanisms of α-Hederin, hoping to provide valuable insights for the clinical treatment of malignant tumors and the innovation of novel anti-tumor medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250355, Shangdong, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Physical Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250355, Shangdong, China
| | - Maofeng Li
- College of Foreign Chinese, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250355, Shangdong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Experimental Center of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250355, Shangdong, China
| | - Wei Geng
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, No. 238, Jingshi East Road, Lixia District, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qingxin Shang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250355, Shangdong, China.
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Optimization of Total Saponin Extraction from Polyscias fruticosa Roots Using the Ultrasonic-Assisted Method and Response Surface Methodology. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms is commonly used for medicinal purposes in Vietnam. In traditional medicine, the plant is used to cure ischemia, reduce inflammation, and increase cerebral blood circulation. Triterpene saponins are the major chemical constituents found in the roots of P. fruticosa. This compound exhibited a broad spectrum of biological effects, including lowering blood sugar, suppressing tumor growth and inflammation. This study focused on optimizing the process of total saponins extraction from P. fruticosa roots using the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method, ethanol solvent and response surface methodology, and Box–Behnken design model, then evaluating the cytotoxic effect against some cancer cell lines. The results showed that under the optimal conditions, including an extraction temperature of 60 °C and ultrasonic power of 185 W in 65 min, the maximum extraction yield and total saponin content were 14.51 ± 1.15% and 41.24 ± 1.68 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the saponin extract had cytotoxic effects against A549, HepG2, PC-3, and Hela. The results of this study confirmed that triterpene saponin is an important chemical component which is present in a high content in P. fruticosa roots and gives rise to significant biological activities. In addition, UAE can be used as a highly efficient method for triterpene saponins extraction from P. fruticosa roots.
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Gahramanov V, Oz M, Aouizerat T, Rosenzweig T, Gorelick J, Drori E, Salmon-Divon M, Sherman MY, Lubin BCR. Integration of the Connectivity Map and Pathway Analysis to Predict Plant Extract’s Medicinal Properties—The Study Case of Sarcopoterium spinosum L. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172195. [PMID: 36079576 PMCID: PMC9460920 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal properties of plants are usually identified based on knowledge of traditional medicine or using low-throughput screens for specific pharmacological activities. The former is very biased since it requires prior knowledge of plants’ properties, while the latter depends on a specific screening system and will miss medicinal activities not covered by the screen. We sought to enrich our understanding of the biological activities of Sarcopoterium spinosum L. root extract based on transcriptome changes to uncover a plurality of possible pharmacological effects without the need for prior knowledge or functional screening. We integrated Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of the RNAseq data to identify pathways affected by the treatment of cells with the extract and perturbational signatures in the CMAP database to enhance the validity of the results. Activities of signaling pathways were measured using immunoblotting with phospho-specific antibodies. Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using JC-1 staining. SARS-CoV-2-induced cell killing was assessed in Vero E6 and A549 cells using an MTT assay. Here, we identified transcriptome changes following exposure of cultured cells to the medicinal plant Sarcopoterium spinosum L. root extract. By integrating algorithms of GSEA and CMAP, we confirmed known anti-cancer activities of the extract and predicted novel biological effects on oxidative phosphorylation and interferon pathways. Experimental validation of these pathways uncovered strong activation of autophagy, including mitophagy, and excellent protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study shows that gene expression analysis alone is insufficient for predicting biological effects since some of the changes reflect compensatory effects, and additional biochemical tests provide necessary corrections. This study defines the advantages and limitations of transcriptome analysis in predicting the biological and medicinal effects of the Sarcopoterium spinosum L. extract. Such analysis could be used as a general approach for predicting the medicinal properties of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valid Gahramanov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Moria Oz
- Agriculture and Oenology Department, Eastern Regional R&D Center, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Tzemach Aouizerat
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Jonathan Gorelick
- Judea Branch, Eastern Regional R&D Center, Kiryat Arba, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Elyashiv Drori
- Agriculture and Oenology Department, Eastern Regional R&D Center, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | | | - Bat Chen R. Lubin
- Agriculture and Oenology Department, Eastern Regional R&D Center, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-50-6554655
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How Should the Worldwide Knowledge of Traditional Cancer Healing Be Integrated with Herbs and Mushrooms into Modern Molecular Pharmacology? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070868. [PMID: 35890166 PMCID: PMC9320176 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicine (THM) is a “core” from which modern medicine has evolved over time. Besides this, one third of people worldwide have no access to modern medicine and rely only on traditional medicine. To date, drugs of plant origin, or their derivates (paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, etoposide, camptothecin, topotecan, irinotecan, and omacetaxine), are very important in the therapy of malignancies and they are included in most chemotherapeutic regimes. To date, 391,000 plant and 14,000 mushroom species exist. Their medical and biochemical capabilities have not been studied in detail. In this review, we systematized the information about plants and mushrooms, as well as their active compounds with antitumor properties. Plants and mushrooms are divided based on the regions where they are used in ethnomedicine to treat malignancies. The majority of their active compounds with antineoplastic properties and mechanisms of action are described. Furthermore, on the basis of the available information, we divided them into two priority groups for research and for their potential of use in antitumor therapy. As there are many prerequisites and some examples how THM helps and strengthens modern medicine, finally, we discuss the positive points of THM and the management required to transform and integrate THM into the modern medicine practice.
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Okaiyeto K, Oguntibeju OO. African Herbal Medicines: Adverse Effects and Cytotoxic Potentials with Different Therapeutic Applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5988. [PMID: 34199632 PMCID: PMC8199769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The African continent is naturally endowed with various plant species with nutritional and medicinal benefits. About 80% of the people in developing countries rely on folk medicines to treat different diseases because of indigenous knowledge, availability, and cost-effectiveness. Extensive research studies have been conducted on the medicinal uses of African plants, however, the therapeutic potentials of some of these plants has remained unexploited. Over the years, several studies have revealed that some of these African floras are promising candidates for the development of novel drugs. Despite the plethora of studies on medicinal plant research in Africa, there is still little scientific data supporting the folkloric claims of these plants. Besides, safety in the use of folk medicines has been a major public health concern over the year. Therefore, it has become mandatory that relevant authority should take measures in safeguarding the populace on the use of herbal mixtures. Thus, the present review extracted relevant information from different scientific databases and highlighted some problems associated with folk medicines, adverse effects on reproductive systems, issue about safety due to the toxicity of some plants and their toxicity effects with potential therapeutic benefits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Ohiagu FO, Chikezie PC, Chikezie CM, Enyoh CE. Anticancer activity of Nigerian medicinal plants: a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is currently the leading cause of death globally and the number of deaths from cancer is on the rise daily. Medicinal plants have been in continuous use over the years for the management of cancer, particularly, in most developing countries of the world including Nigeria. The use of synthetic drugs for the treatment of cancer is often accompanied by toxic side effects. Thus, the alternative use of readily available and inexpensive medicinal plants is the panacea to the toxic side effects associated with synthetic drugs.
Main body
The present review summarized the anticancer activity of 51 medicinal plants that are widespread in all regions of Nigeria. Furthermore, the proposed anticancer pharmacological actions as well as the anticancer bioactive compounds, the type of cancer cell inhibited, the plant parts responsible for the anticancer activity, and the nature of the extracts used for the studies were discussed in this review. The 51 Nigerian medicinal plants were reported to exhibit anticancer activities of the prostate, cervices, lung, skin, colon, esophagus, blood, ovary, central nervous system/brain, breast, stomach, pancreas, larynx, and kidney. The major classes of bioactive compounds indicated to be responsible for the anticancer activity include the polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes, tannins, and quinones. The major anticancer pharmacological actions of these bioactive compounds were antiproliferative, cytotoxic, cytostatic, antimetastatic, apoptotic, and antioxidative as well as provoked cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis and reduction of cancer cell viability.
Conclusion
The Nigerian medicinal plants can be harnessed to provide for readily available and inexpensive anticancer drugs in the future because the plants reported in this review showed promising anticancer activity.
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Mbaveng AT, Chi GF, Bonsou IN, Ombito JO, Yeboah SO, Kuete V, Efferth T. Cytotoxic phytochemicals from the crude extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruits towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113632. [PMID: 33253828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetrapleura tetraptera is an African medicinal spice used in traditional medicine to treat several ailments including cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract of the fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera (TTF) and its constituents: (3R, 4S)-3,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one (1), luteolin (2), stigmasterol (4), 3-O-[6'-O-undecanoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl]stigmasterol (6), olean-12-en-3-β-O-D-glucopyranoside (7), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosylurs-12-en-28-oic acid (8), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-27-hydroxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid (9), methyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 → 1)-β-D-glucopyranoside (11) towards a panel of cancer cell lines including MDR phenotypes. The cellular mode of induction of apoptosis by TTF and compound 7 was further investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The resazurin reduction assay (RRA) was applied to determine the cytotoxicity of the studied samples. The cell cycle (PI staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2DCFH-DA) were measured by flow cytometry. Column chromatography was used for the purification of TTF, whilst nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis was applied for structural elucidation. RESULTS The botanical, TTF and the phytochemicals, 2, 7, 8 and 9 as well as doxorubicin exerted cytotoxicity against 9 cancer cell lines including drug-sensitive and drug resistant phenotypes. TTF, compound 7 and doxorubicin were the most active samples, and displayed IC50 values ranging from 10.27 μg/mL (in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 23.61 μg/mL (against HCT116 p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells) for TTF, from 4.76 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 12.92 μM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) for compound 7, and from 0.02 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 μM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. TTF induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells through MMP alteration and increased ROS production while compound 7 induced apoptosis mediated by caspases activation, MMP alteration and increased ROS production. CONCLUSION Tetrapleura tetraptera and some of its constituents, mostly compound 7 are good cytotoxic natural products that should be explored in depth to develop new drugs to fight cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Godloves F Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Idrios N Bonsou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Japheth O Ombito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Samuel O Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Mbaveng AT, Noulala CGT, Samba ARM, Tankeo SB, Abdelfatah S, Fotso GW, Happi EN, Ngadjui BT, Beng VP, Kuete V, Efferth T. The alkaloid, soyauxinium chloride, displays remarkable cytotoxic effects towards a panel of cancer cells, inducing apoptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 333:109334. [PMID: 33245930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic potential of a naturally occurring indoloquinazoline alkaloid, soyauxinium chloride (SCHL), was determined on a broad panel of animal and human cancer cell lines, including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. The cytotoxicity, SCHL-induced autophagic, ferroptotic, and necroptotic cell death were evaluated by the resazurin reduction assay (RRA). Caspase-Glo assay was used to detect the activity of caspases using spectrophotometric analysis. Flow cytometry was applied for cell cycle analysis (PI staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2DCFH-DA). SCHL and doxorubicin (reference molecule) exhibited cytotoxic effects towards the 18 cancer cell lines tested. The IC50 values obtained ranged from 3.64 μM (towards CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 16.86 μM (against the BRAF-wildtype SKMel-505 melanoma cells for SCHL). Collateral sensitivity of the resistant HCT116 p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells to SCHL was observed as well as the normal sensitivity of CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, MDA-MB-231-BCRP breast adenocarcinoma cells and U87. MGΔEGFR glioblastoma cells. SCHL induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells via caspases 3/7-, 8- and 9-activation, MMP alteration and increased ROS production, and otherwise ferroptosis and necroptosis. SCHL is a prominent cytotoxic alkaloid that should be further studied to develop a novel drug to combat cancers including refractory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Cédric G T Noulala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Anne R M Samba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Simplice B Tankeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ghislain W Fotso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Emmanuel N Happi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Bonaventure T Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Veronique P Beng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Botanicals from the leaves of Acacia sieberiana had better cytotoxic effects than isolated phytochemicals towards MDR cancer cells lines. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05412. [PMID: 33163682 PMCID: PMC7609460 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of cancer chemotherapy is seriously hampered by the development of resistance of neoplastic cells to cytotoxic agents. In the present investigation, the cytotoxicity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract of Acacia sieberiana (ASL), fractions (ASLa-c) from the leaves and isolated compounds: chrysoeriol-7-O-rutinoside (1), luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (2), chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), luteolin-3',4'-dimethoxylether-7-O-β-D-glucoside (5) and luteolin (6) was investigated. The study was extended to the assessment of the mode of induction of apoptosis by ASL. The resazurin reduction assay (RRA) was used for cytotoxicity studies. Assessments of cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed by flow cytometry. A caspase-Glo assay was used to evaluate caspase activities. Botanicals ASL, ASLb and ASLc as well as doxorubicin displayed observable IC50 values towards the nine tested cancer cell lines while ASLa and compounds 1-7 had selective activities. The IC50 values ranged from 13.45 μg/mL (in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 33.20 μg/mL (against MDA-MB-231-BCRP breast adenocarcinoma cells) for ASL, from 16.42 μg/mL (in CCRF-CEM cells) to 29.64 μg/mL (against MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells) for ASLc, and from 22.94 μg/mL (in MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) to 40.19 μg/mL (against HCT116 (p53-/-) colon adenocarcinoma cells) for ASLb (Table 1), and from 0.02 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 μM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. ASL induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells, mediated by ROS production. Acacia sieberiana is a good cytotoxic plant and should be further explored to develop an anticancer phytomedicine to combat both sensitive and drug resistant phenotypes.
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Cytotoxic Constituents of the Bark of Hypericum roeperianum towards Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4314807. [PMID: 33062009 PMCID: PMC7532997 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4314807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The global cancer burden remains a serious concern with the alarming incidence of one in eight men and one in eleven women dying in developing countries. This situation is aggravated by the multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells that hampers chemotherapy. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the methanol extract (HRB), fractions (HRBa, HRBb, and HRBa1-5), and compounds from the bark of Hypericum roeperianum (HRB) was evaluated towards a panel of 9 cancer cell lines. The mode of action of the HRB and trichadonic acid (1) was also studied. Column chromatography was applied to isolate the constituents of HRB. The cytotoxicity of botanicals and phytochemicals was evaluated by the resazurin reduction assay (RRA). Caspase-Glo assay was used to evaluate the activity of caspases, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2DCFH-DA) were assessed by flow cytometry. Phytochemicals isolated from HRB were trichadonic acid (1), fridelan-3-one (2), 2-hydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (3), norathyriol (4), 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (5), betulinic acid (6), 3′-hydroxymethyl-2′-(4″-hydroxy-3″,5″-dimethoxyphenyl)-5′,6′:5,6-(6,8-dihydroxyxanthone)-1′,4′-dioxane (7), and 3′-hydroxymethyl-2′-(4″-hydroxy-3″,5″-dimethoxyphenyl)-5′,6′:5,6-(xanthone)-1′,4′-dioxane (8). Botanicals HRB, HRBa, HRBa2-4, HRBb, and doxorubicin displayed cytotoxic effects towards the 9 tested cancer cell lines. The recorded IC50 values ranged from 11.43 µg/mL (against the P-glycoprotein (gp)-overexpressing CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) to 26.75 µg/mL (against HCT116 (p53+/+) colon adenocarcinoma cells) for the crude extract HRB. Compounds 1, 5, and doxorubicin displayed cytotoxic effects towards the 9 tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values varying from 14.44 µM (against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 44.20 µM (against the resistant HCT116 (p53−/−) cells) for 1 and from 38.46 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 112.27 µM (against the resistant HCT116 (p53−/−) cells) for 5. HRB and compound 1 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells. The apoptotic process was mediated by enhanced ROS production for HRB or via caspases activation and enhanced ROS production for compound 1. This study demonstrated that Hypericum roeperianum is a potential source of cytotoxic phytochemicals such as trichadonic acid and could be further exploited in cancer chemotherapy.
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Raimi IO, Kopaopa BG, Mugivhisa LL, Lewu FB, Amoo SO, Olowoyo JO. An appraisal of documented medicinal plants used for the treatment of cancer in Africa over a twenty-year period (1998–2018). J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ashmawy NS, Gad HA, Ashour ML, El-Ahmady SH, Singab ANB. The genus Polyscias (Araliaceae): A phytochemical and biological review. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cytotoxicity of a naturally occuring spirostanol saponin, progenin III, towards a broad range of cancer cell lines by induction of apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 326:109141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mbaveng AT, Chi GF, Bonsou IN, Abdelfatah S, Tamfu AN, Yeboah EMO, Kuete V, Efferth T. N-acetylglycoside of oleanolic acid (aridanin) displays promising cytotoxicity towards human and animal cancer cells, inducing apoptotic, ferroptotic and necroptotic cell death. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:153261. [PMID: 32559584 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of novel phytochemicals represents a reasonable approach to fight malignancies, especially those which are resistant to standard chemotherapy. PURPOSE We evaluated the cytotoxic potential of a naturally occurring N-acetylglycoside of oleanolic acid, aridanin, on 18 cancer cell lines, including sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes mediated by P-glycoprotein, BCRP, p53 knockout, deletion-mutated EGFR, or BRAF mutations. Furthermore, metastasizing B16/F10 cells, HepG2 hepatocarcinoma and normal AML12 hepatocytes were investigated. The mechanisms of aridanin-induced cell death was further investigated. METHODS The resazurin reduction assay (RRA) was applied to evaluate the cytotoxicity, autophagy, ferroptotic and necroptotic cell death. CCRF-CEM leukemia cells were used for all mechanistic studies. A caspase-Glo assay was applied to evaluate the caspase activities. Flow cytometry was applied for the analyses of cell cycle (PI staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2DCFH-DA). RESULTS Aridanin and doxorubicin (positive control) inhibited the proliferation of all cancer cell lines tested. The IC50 values for aridanin varied from 3.18 µM (CCRF-CEM cells) to 9.56 µM (HepG2 cells). Aridanin had considerably lower IC50 values than that of doxorubicin against multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells and melanoma cell lines (MaMel-80a, Mel-2a, MV3, and SKMel-505). Aridanin induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells through increase of ROS levels and MMP breakdown, and to a lesser extent via caspases activation. Aridanin also induced ferroptotic and necroptotic cell death. CONCLUSION The present study opens good perpectives for the use of this phytochemical as an anticancer drug to combat multi-facorial resistance to established chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Godloves F Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Idrios N Bonsou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alfred N Tamfu
- Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries School, University of Ngaoundere, 454 Ngaoundere Cameroon.
| | - Elisabeth M O Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Mbaveng AT, Damen F, Guefack MGF, Tankeo SB, Abdelfatah S, Bitchagno GTM, Çelik İ, Kuete V, Efferth T. 8,8-bis-(Dihydroconiferyl)-diferulate displayed impressive cytotoxicity towards a panel of human and animal cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 70:153215. [PMID: 32388040 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recalcitrant cancers appear as a major obstacle to chemotherapy, prompting scientists to intensify the search for novel drugs to tackle the cell lines expressing multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative potential of a ferrulic acid derivative, 8,8-bis-(dihydroconiferyl)-diferulate (DHCF2) on a panel of 18 cancer cell lines, including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes, belonging to human and animals. The mode of induction of cell death by this compound was further studied. METHODS The antiproliferative activity, autophagy, ferroptotic and necroptotic cell death were evaluated by the resazurin reduction assay (RRA). CCRF-CEM leukemia cells were used for all mechanistic studies. A caspase-Glo assay was applied to evaluate the activity of caspases. Cell cycle analysis (PI staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2DCFH-DA) were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS DHCF2 demonstrated impressive cytotoxic effects towards the 18 cancer cell lines tested, with IC50 values all below 6.5 µM. The obtained IC50 values were in the range of 1.17 µM (towards CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 6.34 µM (towards drug-resistant HCT116 p53-/- human colon adenocarcinoma cells) for DHCF2 and from 0.02 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 µM (against multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) for the reference drug, doxorubicin. DHCF2 had IC50 values lower than those of doxorubicin, against CEM/ADR5000 cells and on some melanoma cell lines, such as MaMel-80a cells, Mel-2a cells, MV3 cells and SKMel-505 cells. DHCF2 induced autophagy as well as apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells though caspases activation, MMP alteration and increase of ROS production. CONCLUSION The studied diferulic acid, DHCF2, is a promising antiproliferative compound. It deserves further indepth investigations with the ultimate aim to develop a novel drug to fight cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Francois Damen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Michel-Gael F Guefack
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Simplice Beaudelaire Tankeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabin T M Bitchagno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Adewole KE. Nigerian antimalarial plants and their anticancer potential: A review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:92-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Efferth T, Saeed ME, Kadioglu O, Seo EJ, Shirooie S, Mbaveng AT, Nabavi SM, Kuete V. Collateral sensitivity of natural products in drug-resistant cancer cells. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 38:107342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Oguz M, Gul A, Karakurt S, Yilmaz M. Synthesis and evaluation of the antitumor activity of Calix[4]arene l-proline derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103207. [PMID: 31451296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The unique conformational properties, functionality, low toxicity, and low cost make calixarene-based compounds a valuable candidate against cancer. The aim of the present study is the synthesis of the upper rim and lower rim-functionalized l-proline-based calix[4]arene derivatives and evaluation of their cytotoxic potential for human cancerous cells as well as to determine the death mechanism. Synthesized calix[4]arene (3, 8a, 8b 13a, and 13b) derivatives were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques such as 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and FTIR. In vitro effects of compounds 3, 8a, 8b, 13a and 13b were tested on human cancerous cells (HEPG2, PC-3, A-549, and DLD-1) as well as human healthy epithelium cell (PNT1A). Results show that compounds 3, 8a, 8b and 13b have cytotoxic potential on human colorectal carcinoma cells (DLD-1) with IC50 values of 43 µM, 45.2 µM, 64.57 µM, and 29.35 µM respectively. Apoptosis ratios of cell death were investigated with flow cytometer using 7-AAD and Annexin-V as markers. Cytotoxic potential of 8a was found to be higher due to increased apoptosis, when compared with healthy cells the apoptotic cell death was significantly (p < 0.0001) increased up to 1.7-fold and 2.4-fold in DLD-1 and A549 cells, respectively. In conclusion, these l-proline derived calix[4]arenes with their selective cytotoxic potential on human cancerous cells may be a potential candidate for the treatment of human CRC and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Oguz
- Selcuk University, Department of Chemistry, 42075 Konya, Turkey; Department of Advanced Material and Nanotechnology, Selcuk University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - Alev Gul
- Selcuk University, Department of Chemistry, 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Karakurt
- Selcuk University, Department of Biochemistry, Konya 42075, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Selcuk University, Department of Chemistry, 42075 Konya, Turkey.
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Mbaveng AT, Bitchagno GTM, Kuete V, Tane P, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of ungeremine towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells and induction of apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis and autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 60:152832. [PMID: 31031043 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful cancer chemotherapy is hampered by resistance of cancer cells to established anticancer drugs. Numerous natural products reveal cytotoxicity towards tumor cells. PURPOSE The present study was aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of a betaine-type alkaloid, ungeremine, towards 9 cancer cell lines including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. The mode of action of this compound was further investigated. METHODS The cytotoxicity, ferroptotic and necroptotic cell death were determined by the resazurin reduction assay. Caspase activation was evaluated using the caspase-Glo assay. Flow cytometry was applied for the analysis of cell cycle analysis (PI staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2DCFH-DA). Apoptotic, necroptotic and autophagic markers were determined by Western blotting. CCRF-CEM leukemia cells were used for all mechanistic studies. RESULTS Ungeremine displayed cytotoxic activity towards the 9 cancer cell lines tested, including drug-sensitive and MDR phenotypes. The IC50values obtained varied from 3.67 µM (in MDA-MB-231-BCRP breast carcinoma cells) to 75.24 µM (against in CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) for ungeremine and from 0.02 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin (control drug). Ungeremine induced ferroptosis, necroptosis, autophagy as well as apoptosis mediated by caspase activation, MMP alteration and increase ROS production. CONCLUSION The present investigation showed that ungeremine is a promising cytotoxic compoundthat could be further explored in the future to develop new anticancer drugs to fight sensitive and resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gabin T M Bitchagno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Tane
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Mbaveng AT, Damen F, Çelik İ, Tane P, Kuete V, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of the crude extract and constituents of the bark of Fagara tessmannii towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:28-37. [PMID: 30703492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fagara tessmannii Engl. is an African medicinal plant used in Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat various types of cancers. AIM OF THE STUDY This work was designed to determine the cytotoxicity of the crude extract (FTB), fractions (FTBa-d) and compounds isolated from the bark of Fagara tessmannii, namely lupeol (1), fagaramide (2), zanthoxyline (3), hesperidin (4), nitidine chloride (5), fagaridine chloride (6), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7). The study was extended to the mode of induction of apoptosis by FTB, compounds 5 and 6. MATERIALS AND METHODS The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of samples. The cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry. Column chromatography was used for the purification of FTB. Meanwhile, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis was applied for structural elucidation. RESULTS The crude extract, fractions FTBa, FTBc, FTBd as well as compounds 5 and 6 revealed cytotoxicity towards the 9 tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values ranged from 17.34 µg/mL (towards U87MG.ΔEGFR glioblastoma cells) to 40.68 µg/mL (against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) for FTB, from 16.78 µg/mL (towards U87. MGΔEGFR cells) to 37.42 µg/mL (against CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) for FTBa, from 19.47 µg/mL (towards U87. MG glioblastoma cells) to 41.62 µg/mL (against CCRF-CEM cells) for FTBc, from 14.17 µg/mL (against HCT116p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells) to 22.28 µg/mL (towards CEM-ADR5000 cells) for FTBd, from 1.75 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 23.52 µM (against U87. MGΔEGFR cells) for compound 5, from 1.69 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 22.06 µM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) for compound 6 and from 0.02 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. FTB induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells mediated by enhanced ROS production. Compound 5 induced apoptosis through caspases activation and increase ROS production. Meanwhile, 6 induced apoptosis mediated by caspases activation, MMP alteration and enhanced ROS production. CONCLUSION Fagara tessmannii as well as its constituents 5 and 6 revealed considerable cytotoxicity and may be suitable candidates deserving to be further explored to develop new anticancer drugs to combat sensitive and resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Francois Damen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Tecnical University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Pierre Tane
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Adem FA, Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Heydenreich M, Ndakala A, Irungu B, Yenesew A, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of isoflavones and biflavonoids from Ormocarpum kirkii towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152853. [PMID: 30836216 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While incidences of cancer are continuously increasing, drug resistance of malignant cells is observed towards almost all pharmaceuticals. Several isoflavonoids and flavonoids are known for their cytotoxicity towards various cancer cells. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of isoflavones: osajin (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone (2) and biflavonoids: chamaejasmin (3), 7,7″-di-O-methylchamaejasmin (4) and campylospermone A (5), a dimeric chromene [diphysin(6)] and an ester of ferullic acid with long alkyl chain [erythrinasinate (7)] isolated from the stem bark and roots of the Kenyan medicinal plant, Ormocarpum kirkii. The mode of action of compounds 2 and 4 was further investigated. METHODS The cytotoxicity of compounds was determined based on the resazurin reduction assay. Caspases activation was evaluated using the caspase-Glo assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle (propodium iodide (PI) staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2DCFH-DA). CCRF-CEM leukemia cells were used as model cells for mechanistic studies. RESULTS Compounds 1, 2 and 4 displayed IC50 values below 20 µM towards CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, and were further tested towards a panel of 7 carcinoma cells. The IC50 values of the compounds against carcinoma cells varied from 16.90 µM (in resistant U87MG.ΔEGFR glioblastoma cells) to 48.67 µM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) for 1, from 7.85 µM (in U87MG.ΔEGFR cells) to 14.44 µM (in resistant MDA-MB231/BCRP breast adenocarcinoma cells) for 2, from 4.96 µM (towards U87MG.ΔEGFRcells) to 7.76 µM (against MDA-MB231/BCRP cells) for 4, and from 0.07 µM (against MDA-MB231 cells) to 2.15 µM (against HepG2 cells) for doxorubicin. Compounds 2 and 4 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells mediated by MMP alteration and increased ROS production. CONCLUSION The present report indicates that isoflavones and biflavonoids from Ormocarpum kirkii are cytotoxic compounds with the potential of being exploited in cancer chemotherapy. Compounds 2 and 4 deserve further studies to develop new anticancer drugs to fight sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia A Adem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Stawdenger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Stawdenger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Stawdenger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, P.O. Box 60 15 53, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Albert Ndakala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Beatrice Irungu
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Stawdenger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Kuete V, Omosa LK, Midiwo JO, Karaosmanoğlu O, Sivas H. Cytotoxicity of naturally occurring phenolics and terpenoids from Kenyan flora towards human carcinoma cells. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 10:178-184. [PMID: 30389223 PMCID: PMC6822163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer constitutes a major hurdle worldwide and its treatment mainly relies on chemotherapy. Objectives The present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of eleven naturally occurring compounds including six phenolics amongst them were 4 chalcones and 2 flavanones as well as 5 terpenoids (3 clerodane and 2 trachylobane diterpenoids) against 6 human carcinoma cell lines and normal CRL2120 fibroblasts. Materials and methods The neutral red uptake (NR) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect caspase activation. Cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were all analyzed via flow cytometry meanwhile levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by spectrophotometry. Results Chalcones: 2′,4′-dihydroxy-6′-methoxychalcone (1); 4′,6′-dihydroxy-2′,5′-dimethoxychalcone (2); 2′,4′,6′-trihydroxy-5′-methoxychalcone (3); 2′,6′-diacetate-4′-methoxychalcone (4), trachylobane diterpenoids: 2,6,19-trachylobanetriol; (ent-2α,6α)-form (10) and 2,18,19-trachylobanetriol; (ent-2α)-form (11) as well as doxorubicin displayed IC50 values below 110 μM in the six tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values of the most active compounds were between 6.30 μM and 46.23 μM for compound 1 respectively towards breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells and small lung cancer A549 cells and between 0.07 μM and 1.01 μM for doxorubicin respectively against SPC212 cells and A549 cells. Compounds 1 induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells mediated by increasing ROS production and MMP loss. Conclusion Chalcones 1–3 are potential cytotoxic phytochemicals that deserve more investigations to develop novel anticancer drugs against human carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Leonidah K Omosa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacob O Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Hülya Sivas
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Mbaveng AT, Fotso GW, Ngnintedo D, Kuete V, Ngadjui BT, Keumedjio F, Andrae-Marobela K, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of epunctanone and four other phytochemicals isolated from the medicinal plants Garcinia epunctata and Ptycholobium contortum towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 48:112-119. [PMID: 30195869 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance of cancer cells is a serious impediment to chemotherapy and several phytochemicals are active against multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. The cytotoxicity of five naturally occurring compounds: betulin (1), mundulea lactone (2), seputhecarpan A (3), seputheisoflavone (4) and epunctanone (5) was evaluated on a panel of 9 cancer cell lines including various sensitive and drug-resistant cell lines. The modes of action of compound 5 were further investigated. METHODS The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity of samples and ferroptotic cell death induced by compound 5; caspase-Glo assay was used to detect the activation of caspases in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells treated with compound 5. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis in CCRF-CEM cells treated with compound 5, as well as detection of apoptotic cells by annexin V/PI staining, analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Compounds 1-5 displayed cytotoxic effects in the 9 studied cancer cell lines with IC50 values below 70 µM. The IC50 values varied from 8.20 µM (in HCT116 (p53-/-) colon cancer cells) to 35.10 µM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) for 1, from 8.84 µM (in CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) to 48.99 µM (in MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells) for 2, from 12.17 µM (in CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 65.08 µM (in MDA-MB-231 cells) for 3, from 23.80 µM (in U87MG.ΔEGFR glioblastoma cells) to 68.66 µM (in HCT116 (p53-/-) cells) for 4, from 4.84 µM (in HCT116 (p53-/-) cells) to 13.12 µM (in HepG2 cells) for 5 and from 0.02 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 µM (in CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. Compound 5 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells through alteration of MMP and increase in ROS production. In addition to apoptosis, ferroptosis was also identified as another mode of cell death induced by epunctanone. CONCLUSIONS Compounds 1-5 are valuable cytotoxic compounds that could be used to combat MDR cancer cells. Benzophenoe 5 is the most active molecule and deserve more investigations to develop new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Ghislain W Fotso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dominique Ngnintedo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bonaventure T Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Felix Keumedjio
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kerstin Andrae-Marobela
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Block 235, Private Bag, 0022 Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Mbaveng AT, Manekeng HT, Nguenang GS, Dzotam JK, Kuete V, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of 18 Cameroonian medicinal plants against drug sensitive and multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:21-33. [PMID: 29709646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Recommendations have been made stating that ethnopharmacological usages such as immune and skin disorders, inflammatory, infectious, parasitic and viral diseases should be taken into account if selecting plants for anticancer screening, since these reflect disease states bearing relevance to cancer or cancer-like symptoms. Cameroonian medicinal plants investigated in this work are traditionally used to treat cancer or ailments with relevance to cancer or cancer-like symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, 21 methanol extracts from 18 Cameroonian medicinal plants were tested in leukemia CCRF-CEM cells, and the best extracts were further tested on a panel of human cancer cell lines, including various multi-drug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Mechanistic studies were performed with the three best extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity and ferroptotic effects of methanol extracts from different plants. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of extracts from Curcuma longa rhizomes (CLR), Lycopersicon esculentum leaves (LEL), and Psidium guajava bark (PGB). RESULTS In a pre-screening of all extracts, 13 out of 21 (61.9%) had IC50 values below 80 µg/mL. Six of these active extracts displayed IC50 values below 30 µg/mL: Cola pachycarpa leaves (CPL), Curcuma longa rhizomes (CLR), Lycopersicon esculentum leaves, Persea americana bark (PAB), Physalis peruviana twigs (PPT) and Psidium guajava bark (PGB). The best extracts displayed IC50 values from 6.25 µg/mL (against HCT116 p53-/-) to 10.29 µg/mL (towards breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) for CLR, from 9.64 µg/mL (against breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells) to 57.74 µg/mL (against HepG2 cells) for LEL and from 1.29 µg/mL (towards CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 62.64 µg/mL (towards MDA-MB-231 cells) for PGB. CLR and PGB induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells via caspases activation, MMP depletion and increase ROS production whilst LEL induced apoptosis mediated by caspases activation and increase ROS production. CONCLUSION The best botanicals tested were CLR and LEL, which are worth to be explored in more detail to fight cancers including MDR phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Hermione T Manekeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Gaelle S Nguenang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Joachim K Dzotam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Aliebrahimi S, Kouhsari SM, Arab SS, Shadboorestan A, Ostad SN. Phytochemicals, withaferin A and carnosol, overcome pancreatic cancer stem cells as c-Met inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1527-1536. [PMID: 30119228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are pharmaceutically attractive targets due to their fundamental role in tumor formation. The hallmark of pancreatic cancer is its high mortality rate attributed to the existence of cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulations which result in therapy resistance and recurrence. c-Met is a known pancreatic CSC marker that belongs to the family of RTKs. To surmount the hurdles related to ligand-independent c-Met activation, we aimed to elucidate the inhibitory mechanisms of withaferin A (WA) and carnosol (CA) as two hit phytochemicals against c-Met kinase domain. Both tested compounds attenuated HGF-mediated proliferation across various established c-Met+ cancer cell lines and altered cell cycle distribution accompanied by apoptosis induction. Scratch assay confirmed the anti-migratory activity of WA and CA in AsPC-1 cells. The blockade of HGF-driven cellular growth and motility was reflected by the suppression of c-Met phosphorylation and its downstream pro-survival pathway Akt. Further studies showed that the administration of WA and CA diminished the sphere-formation and clonogenic potential which was validated by down-regulation of pluripotency maintaining genes (oct-4 and nanog), demonstrating their potentiality to target pancreatic CSCs. As more than 60% of anti-cancer drugs are composed of natural product-derived inhibitors known as fourth generation inhibitors, our present data suggest that WA and CA may hold promise to eradicate CSCs in c-Met-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Aliebrahimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shideh Montasser Kouhsari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Department of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bading Taika B, Bouckandou M, Souza A, Bourobou Bourobou HP, MacKenzie LS, Lione L. An overview of anti-diabetic plants used in Gabon: Pharmacology and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:203-228. [PMID: 29305175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The management of diabetes mellitus management in African communities, especially in Gabon, is not well established as more than 60% of population rely on traditional treatments as primary healthcare. The aim of this review was to collect and present the scientific evidence for the use of medicinal plants that are in currect by Gabonese traditional healers to manage diabetes or hyperglycaemia based here on the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of plants with anti-diabetic activity. There are presented in order to promote their therapeutic value, ensure a safer use by population and provide some bases for further study on high potential plants reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical studies were sourced using databases such as Online Wiley library, Pubmed, Google Scholar, PROTA, books and unpublished data including Ph.D. and Master thesis, African and Asian journals. Keywords including 'Diabetes', 'Gabon', 'Toxicity', 'Constituents', 'hyperglycaemia' were used. RESULTS A total of 69 plants currently used in Gabon with potential anti-diabetic activity have been identified in the literature, all of which have been used in in vivo or in vitro studies. Most of the plants have been studied in human or animal models for their ability to reduce blood glucose, stimulate insulin secretion or inhibit carbohydrates enzymes. Active substances have been identified in 12 out of 69 plants outlined in this review, these include Allium cepa and Tabernanthe iboga. Only eight plants have their active substances tested for anti-diabetic activity and are suitables for further investigation. Toxicological data is scarce and is dose-related to the functional parameters of major organs such as kidney and liver. CONCLUSION An in-depth understanding on the pharmacology and toxicology of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is lacking yet there is a great scope for new treatments. With further research, the use of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is important to ensure the safety of the diabetic patients in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bading Taika
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK; IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon.
| | - M Bouckandou
- IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - A Souza
- Institut National Supérieur d'Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Franceville, Gabon
| | - H P Bourobou Bourobou
- IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - L S MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - L Lione
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
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Mbaveng AT, Ndontsa BL, Kuete V, Nguekeu YMM, Çelik İ, Mbouangouere R, Tane P, Efferth T. A naturally occuring triterpene saponin ardisiacrispin B displayed cytotoxic effects in multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells via ferroptotic and apoptotic cell death. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 43:78-85. [PMID: 29747757 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multidrug resistance of cancer cells constitutes a serious problem in chemotherapy and a challenging issue in the discovery of new cytotoxic drugs. Many saponins are known to display anti-cancer effects. In this study, the cytotoxicity and the modes of action of a naturally occuring oleanane-type tritepene saponin, ardisiacrispin B isolated from the fruit of Ardisia kivuensis Taton (Myrsinaceae) was evaluated on a panel of 9 cancer cell lines including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. METHODS Resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity and ferroptotic cell death of samples; caspase-Glo assay was used to detect the activation of caspases in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and detection of apoptotic cells by annexin V/PI staining, analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Ardisiacrispin B displayed significant cytotoxic effects in the 9 tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values below 10 µM. The IC50 values ranges were 1.20 µM (towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells) to 6.76 µM [against heptocarcinoma HepG2 cells] for ardisiacrispin B and 0.02 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 µM (against resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) for doxorubicin. Collateral sensitivity of resistant HCT116p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells to ardisiacripsin B was observed. Ardisiacrispin B induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells via activation of inititator caspases 8 and 9 and effector caspase 3/7, alteration of MMP and increase in ROS production. Ferroptosis also contributed to the cytotoxicity of ardisiacrispin B. CONCLUSIONS The studied oleanane-type triterpene saponin is a good cytotoxic molecule that deserve more detailed exploration in the future, to develop novel cytotoxic drugs to combat both sensitive and drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Blanche L Ndontsa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Yves M M Nguekeu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Tepebaşı, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | | | - Pierre Tane
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany.
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Agyare C, Spiegler V, Asase A, Scholz M, Hempel G, Hensel A. An ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants traditionally used for cancer treatment in the Ashanti region, Ghana. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 212:137-152. [PMID: 29066406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cancer represents a major health burden and drain on healthcare resources in the world. The majority of the people of Africa still patronize traditional medicine for their health needs, including various forms of cancer. The aim of the following study is the identification of medicinal plants used for cancer treatment by the traditional healers in the Ashanti area of Ghana and to cross-reference the identified plant species with published scientific literature. METHODOLOGY Validated questionnaires were administered to 85 traditional healers in 10 communities within Ashanti region. For cross-validation, also 7 healers located outside Ashanti region were investigated to evaluate regional differences. Interviews and structured conversations were used to administer the questionnaires. Selected herbal material dominantly used by the healers was collected and identified. RESULTS The ethnopharmacological survey revealed 151 plant species used for cancer treatment. Identified species were classified into different groups according to their frequency of use, resulting in the "top-22" plants. Interestingly group I (very frequent use) contained 5 plant species (Khaya senegalensis, Triplochiton scleroxylon, Azadirachta indica, Entandrophragma angolense, Terminalia superba), three of which belong to the plant family Meliaceae, phytochemically mainly characterized by the presence of limonoids. Cross-referencing of all plants identified by current scientific literature revealed species which have not been documented for cancer therapy until now. Special interest was laid on use of plants for cancer treatment of children. CONCLUSION A variety of traditionally used anti-cancer plants from Ghana have been identified and the widespread use within ethnotraditional medicine is obvious. Further in vitro and clinical studies will be performed in the near future to rationalize the phytochemical and functional scientific background of the respective extracts for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Verena Spiegler
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alex Asase
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Michael Scholz
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Hempel
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry - Clinical Pharmacy, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Kuete V, Ngnintedo D, Fotso GW, Karaosmanoğlu O, Ngadjui BT, Keumedjio F, Yeboah SO, Andrae-Marobela K, Sivas H. Cytotoxicity of seputhecarpan D, thonningiol and 12 other phytochemicals from African flora towards human carcinoma cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:36. [PMID: 29378558 PMCID: PMC5789597 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the remarkable progress in cancer therapy in recent years, this disease still remains a serious public health concern. The use of natural products has been and continues to be one of the most effective ways to fight malignancies. The cytotoxicity of 14 compounds from African medicinal plants was evaluated in four human carcinoma cell lines and normal fibroblasts. The tested samples included: β-spinasterol (1), friedelanone (2), 16β-hydroxylupeol (3), β-amyrin acetate (4), lupeol acetate (5), sequoyitol (6), rhamnitrin (7), europetin 3-O-rhamnoside (8), thonningiol (9), glyasperin F (10), seputhecarpan B (11), seputhecarpan C (12), seputhecarpan D (13) and rheediaxanthone A (14). Methods The neutral red uptake (NR) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of samples; caspase-Glo assay, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as spectrophotometry to measure levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed to detect the mode of action of compounds 9 and 13 in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells. Results Compounds 3, 9–13 displayed cytotoxic effects against the four tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values below 85 μM. Compounds 9 and 13 had IC50 values below 10 μM in 4/4 and 3/4 tested cell lines respectively. The IC50 values varied from 0.36 μM (against MCF7 cells) to 5.65 μM (towards colon carcinoma DLD-1 cells) for 9, from 9.78 μM (against MCF7 cells) to 67.68 μM (against HepG2 cells) for 13 and 0.18 μM (towards HepG2 cells) to 72 μM (towards Caco-2 cells) for the reference drug, doxorubicin. Compounds 9 and 13 induced cell cycle arrest in Go/G1 whilst doxorubicin induced arrest in G2/M. The two molecules (9 and 13) also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through activation of caspases 3/7 and 9 as well as enhanced ROS production. Conclusion Compounds 9 and 13 are good cytotoxic phytochemicals that should be explored more in future to develop a cytotoxic drug to fight human carcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2109-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Luan YP, Li QF, Wu SG, Mao DC, Deng YY, Chen RW. Tsoong induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3527-3536. [PMID: 29286105 PMCID: PMC5802150 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The roots of Codonopsis cordifolioidea (classified as campanulaceae cordifolioidea), locally known as Tsoong, have been used as a tonic food. The major components isolated from Tsoong have been demonstrated to present anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 activities and cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines. However, the possible effects of the novel compound isolated from Tsoong, cordifoliketones A, on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, are still unknown. In the present study, cordifoliketones A extractions were prepared from Tsoong, and the possible effects on PDAC cell growth, apoptosis, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo were exlored. The cytotoxicity assay, apoptosis assay, western blotting, migration and invasion assay, and a PDAC cell (AsPC-1, BxPC-3 and PANC-1) xenograft mice model were employed. The results demonstrated that treatment with cordifoliketones A: i) inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of PDAC cells; ii) significantly induced apoptosis and altered expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in a dose-dependent manner; iii) suppressed migration and invasion of PDAC cells in a dose-dependent manner; and iv) restrained the growth of PDAC neoplasm in nude mice. Furthermore, cordifoliketones A demonstrated non-cytotoxic activity in a panel of normal human cells, including hTERT-HPNE, 293, hepatocyte HL-7702 and HL-1 cells. Therefore, these data indicated that cordifoliketones A may be a potential candidate compound for the prevention of PDAC cell proliferation and metastasis, presumably by induction apoptosis and inhibiting viability, invasion and migration of PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Feng Li
- Basic Medical College, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Guo Wu
- Basic Medical College, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - De-Chang Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yun Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Wang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P.R. China
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Lian D, Chonghua Z, Wen G, Hongwei Z, Xuetao B. Label-free and dynamic monitoring of cytotoxicity to the blood-brain barrier cells treated with nanometre copper oxide. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:948-956. [PMID: 29155394 PMCID: PMC8676015 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A cytotoxicity study was conducted with a primary culture of the nervous system cells, including brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and astrocytes, which are important components of the blood-brain barrier. The real-time cell analysis (RTCA) was used to determine the cytotoxicity of copper-oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). The IC50 values of CuO NPs in astrocytes and BMECs were determined by the RTCA at different exposure times and were used as base values for further research. DNA damage after exposure to CuO NPs for 3 and 24 h was assessed using comet assay at the IC50 obtained from RTCA. The onset time of cytotoxicity induced by CuO NPs was 2 and 2-4 h post-exposure in BMECs and astrocytes, respectively. Furthermore, the degree of cytotoxicity induced by exposure to CuO NPs for 24-48 h in the BMECs and astrocytes was similar. Treatment with CuO NPs at 1/2*IC50 and 1/5*IC50 for 3 h induced genotoxicity in both cells as assessed by a measurement of DNA damage, although no cytotoxicity was observed. However, significant DNA damage was observed at all concentrations of CuO NPs used in this study, when the treatment time was 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Lian
- Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Chonghua
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gu Wen
- Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Hongwei
- Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Xuetao
- Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China.
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Colligs V, Hansen SP, Imbri D, Seo EJ, Kadioglu O, Efferth T, Opatz T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a D-ring-contracted analogue of lamellarin D. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6137-6148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mbele M, Hull R, Dlamini Z. African medicinal plants and their derivatives: Current efforts towards potential anti-cancer drugs. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 103:121-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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MMP-Inhibitory Effects of Flavonoid Glycosides from Edible Medicinal Halophyte Limonium tetragonum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6750274. [PMID: 29234420 PMCID: PMC5632445 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6750274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Limonium tetragonum has been well-known for its antioxidative properties as a halophyte. This study investigated the antimetastasis effect of solvent-partitioned L. tetragonum extracts (LTEs) and isolated compounds on HT1080 mouse melanoma cell model with a focus on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and TIMP and MAPK pathways. Upregulation and stimulation of MMPs result in elevated degradation of extracellular matrix which is part of several complications such as metastasis, cirrhosis, and arthritis. The anti-MMP capacity of LTEs was confirmed by their MMP-inhibitory effects, regulation of MMP and TIMP expression, and suppression of MAPK pathway. Among all tested LTEs, 85% aq. MeOH and n-BuOH were found to be most active fractions which later yielded two known flavonoid glycosides, myricetin 3-galactoside and quercetin 3-o-beta-galactopyranoside. Anti-MMP potential of the compounds was confirmed by their ability to regulate MMP expression through inhibited MAPK pathway activation. These results suggested that L. tetragonum might serve as a potential source of bioactive substances with effective anti-MMP properties.
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Kuete V, Mbaveng AT, Sandjo LP, Zeino M, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity and mode of action of a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, 2-acetyl-7-methoxynaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 33:62-68. [PMID: 28887921 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignacies are still a major public concern worldwide and despite the intensive search of new chemotherapeutic agents, treatment still remains a challenging issue. The present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 2-acetyl-7-methoxynaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone (AMNQ) isolated from the bark of Milletia versicolor towards a panel of drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. METHODS The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AMNQ against 9 drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species were all analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Following resazurin assay, the naphthoquinone AMNQ displayed IC50 values ranging from 0.79 µM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) to 3.26 µM (against MDA-MB231/BCRP breast cancer cells) on 9 tested cancer cell lines, whilst doxorubicin showed IC50 values ranging from 0.40 µM (against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 91.37 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells). IC50 values below 1 µM were recorded with AMNQ towards CCRF-CEM cells (0.57 µM), U87MG.ΔEGFR gliobastoma multiforme cells (0.96 µM cells) and HepG2 cells (0.76 µM). Compared to its corresponding sensitive cell lines U87MG, sensitivity was observed in epidermal growth factor receptor-transfected U87MG.ΔEGFR cells to AMNQ. MMP was found to be the main mode of action of induction of apoptosis by AMNQ. CONCLUSIONS The results of this work demonstrate the cytotoxicity of AMNQ towards various types of cancer cell lines, including MDR phenotypes. AMNQ is a potential antiproliferative natural compound that deserves more investigations to develop novel cytotoxic drugs against sensitive and MDR cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Lee SG, Karadeniz F, Oh JH, Yu GH, Kong CS. Inhibitory Effect of Hizikia fusiformis Solvent-Partitioned Fractions on Invasion and MMP Activity of HT1080 Human Fibrosarcoma Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2017; 22:184-190. [PMID: 29043215 PMCID: PMC5642799 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.3.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that take significant roles in extracellular matrix degradation and therefore linked to several complications such as metastasis of cancer progression, oxidative stress, and hepatic fibrosis. Hizikia fusiformis, a brown algae, was reported to possess bioactivities, including but not limited to, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory partly due to bioactive polysaccharide contents. In this study, the potential of H. fusiformis against cancer cell invasion was evaluated through the MMP inhibitory effect in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells in vitro. H. fusiformis crude extract was fractionated with organic solvents, H2O, n-BuOH, 85% aqueous MeOH, and n-hexane (n-Hex). The non-toxicity of the fractions was confirmed by MTT assay. All fractions inhibited the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 according to the gelatin zymography assay. Cell migration was also significantly inhibited by the n-Hex fraction. In addition, both gene and protein expressions of MMP-2 and -9, and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMPs) were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The fractions suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 while elevating the TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, with the H2O fraction being the least effective while n-Hex fraction the most. Collectively, the n-Hex fraction from brown algae H. fusiformis could be a potential inhibitor of MMPs, suggesting the presence of various derivatives of polysaccharides in high amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Gi Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958,
Korea
| | - Fatih Karadeniz
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958,
Korea
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958,
Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958,
Korea
| | - Ga Hyun Yu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958,
Korea
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958,
Korea
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958,
Korea
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Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Efferth T. Potential of Central, Eastern and Western Africa Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy: Spotlight on Resistant Cells and Molecular Targets. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:343. [PMID: 28626426 PMCID: PMC5454075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major health hurdle worldwide and has moved from the third leading cause of death in the year 1990 to second place after cardiovascular disease since 2013. Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used treatment modes; however, its efficiency is limited due to the resistance of cancer cells to cytotoxic agents. The present overview deals with the potential of the flora of Central, Eastern and Western African (CEWA) regions as resource for anticancer drug discovery. It also reviews the molecular targets of phytochemicals of these plants such as ABC transporters, namely P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi drug-resistance-related proteins (MRPs), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) as well as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB-1/HER1), human tumor suppressor protein p53, caspases, mitochondria, angiogenesis, and components of MAP kinase signaling pathways. Plants with the ability to preferentially kills resistant cancer cells were also reported. Data compiled in the present document were retrieved from scientific websites such as PubMed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Web-of-Science, and Scholar Google. In summary, plant extracts from CEWA and isolated compounds thereof exert cytotoxic effects by several modes of action including caspases activation, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells and inhibition of angiogenesis. Ten strongest cytotoxic plants from CEWA recorded following in vitro screening assays are: Beilschmiedia acuta Kosterm, Echinops giganteus var. lelyi (C. D. Adams) A. Rich., Erythrina sigmoidea Hua (Fabaceae), Imperata cylindrical Beauv. var. koenigii Durand et Schinz, Nauclea pobeguinii (Pobég. ex Pellegr.) Merr. ex E.M.A., Piper capense L.f., Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms., Uapaca togoensis Pax., Vepris soyauxii Engl. and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. Prominent antiproliferative compounds include: isoquinoline alkaloid isotetrandrine (51), two benzophenones: guttiferone E (26) and isoxanthochymol (30), the isoflavonoid 6α-hydroxyphaseollidin (9), the naphthyl butenone guieranone A (25), two naphthoquinones: 2-acetylfuro-1,4-naphthoquinone (4) and plumbagin (37) and xanthone V1 (46). However, only few research activities in the African continent focus on cytotoxic drug discovery from botanicals. The present review is expected to stimulate further scientific efforts to better valorize the African flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T. Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
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Kuete V, Fokou FW, Karaosmanoğlu O, Beng VP, Sivas H. Cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts of Elephantopus mollis, Kalanchoe crenata and 4 other Cameroonian medicinal plants towards human carcinoma cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:280. [PMID: 28545532 PMCID: PMC5445369 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer still constitutes one of the major health concerns globally, causing serious threats on patients, their families, and the healthcare system. METHODS In this study, the cytotoxicity of the methanol extract of Elephantopus mollis whole plant (EMW), Enantia chlorantha bark (ECB), Kalanchoe crenata leaves (KCL), Lophira alata bark (LAB), Millettia macrophylla leaves (MML) and Phragmanthera capitata leaves (PCL) towards five human solid cancer cell lines and normal CRL2120 fibroblasts, was evaluated. Extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical screening of their secondary metabolite contents using standard methods. The cytotoxicity of samples was evaluated using neutral red uptake (NR) assay meanwhile caspase activation was detected by caspase-Glo assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) whilst spectrophotometry was used to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenols, triterpenes and sterols in all extracts. The IC50 values of the best samples ranged from 3.29 μg/mL (towards DLD-1 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells) to 24.38 μg/mL (against small lung cancer A549 cells) for EMW, from 2.33 μg/mL (mesothelioma SPC212 cells) to 28.96 μg/mL (HepG2 hepatocarcinoma) for KCL, and from 0.04 μg/mL (towards SPC212 cells) to 0.55 μg/mL (towards A549 cells) for doxorubicin. EMW induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells mediated by MMP loss and increased ROS production whilst KCL induced apoptosis via ROS production. CONCLUSION This study provides evidences of the cytotoxicity of the tested plant extract and highlights the good activity of Elephantopus mollis and Kalanchoe crenata. They deserve more exploration to develop novel cytotoxic drugs.
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Sugimoto S, Yamano Y, Khalil HE, Otsuka H, Kamel MS, Matsunami K. Chemical structures of constituents from the leaves of Polyscias balfouriana. J Nat Med 2017; 71:558-563. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kuete V, Omosa LK, Tala VRS, Midiwo JO, Mbaveng AT, Swaleh S, Karaosmanoğlu O, Sivas H. Cytotoxicity of Plumbagin, Rapanone and 12 other naturally occurring Quinones from Kenyan Flora towards human carcinoma cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:60. [PMID: 27998305 PMCID: PMC5175396 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a major public health concern globally and chemotherapy remains the principal mode of the treatment of various malignant diseases. Methods This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity of 14 naturally occurring quinones including; 3 anthraquinones, 1 naphthoquinone and 10 benzoquinones against 6 human carcinoma cell lines and normal CRL2120 fibroblasts. The neutral red uptake (NR) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect caspases activation. Cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were all analyzed via flow cytometry meanwhile levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by spectrophotometry. Results Anthraquinone: emodin (2), naphthoquinone: plumbagin (4), and benzoquinones: rapanone (9), 2,5-dihydroxy-3-pentadecyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione (10), 5-O-methylembelin (11), 1,2,4,5-tetraacetate-3-methyl-6-(14-nonadecenyl)-cyclohexadi-2,5-diene (13), as well as doxorubicin displayed interesting activities with IC50 values below 100 μM in the six tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values ranged from 37.57 μM (towards breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells) to 99.31 μM (towards small cell lung cancer A549 cells) for 2, from 0.06 μM (MCF-7 cells) to 1.14 μM (A549 cells) for 4, from 2.27 μM (mesothelioma SPC212 cells) to 46.62 μM (colorectal adenocarcinoma DLD-1 cells) for 9, from 8.39 μM (SPC212 cells) to 48.35 μM (hepatocarinoma HepG2 cells) for 10, from 22.57 μM (MCF-7 cells) to 61.28 μM (HepG2 cells) for 11, from 9.25 μM (MCF-7 cells) to 47.53 μM (A549 cells) for 13, and from 0.07 μM (SPC212 cells) to 1.01 μM (A549 cells) for doxorubicin. Compounds 4 and 9 induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells mediated by increased ROS production and MMP loss, respectively. Conclusion The tested natural products and mostly 2, 4, 9, 10, 11 and 13 are potential cytotoxic compounds that deserve more investigations towards developing novel antiproliferative drugs against human carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. .,Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Leonidah K Omosa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Jacob O Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Sauda Swaleh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Hülya Sivas
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Sun J, Liu T, Xu J. Improving the anticancer activity of α-hederin by physically encapsulating it with targeted micelles assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kuete V, Tchinda CF, Mambe FT, Beng VP, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of 10 Cameroonian medicinal plants towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cell lines. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:267. [PMID: 27484842 PMCID: PMC4970256 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancer chemotherapy is still hampered by clinical failures due to multi-drug resistance (MDR) of tumor cells. In the present study, we have investigated the cytotoxicity of 20 methanol extracts from 10 medicinal plants against the sensitive leukemia CCRF-CEM cells. The most cytotoxic extracts were then further tested on a panel of 8 human cancer cell lines, including various MDR phenotypes. Methods The cytotoxicity of the 20 methanol extracts from 10 Cameroonian medicinal plants was determined using a resazurin reduction assay. Meanwhile, flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results In the preliminary assay using CCRF-CEM cells, 12 extracts from five plants displayed IC50 values below 80 μg/mL, namely Albizia adianthifolia, Alchornea cordifolia, Alchornea laxiflora, Pennisetum purpureum, and Spathodea campanulata. the four best extracts were from two plants: Albizia adianthifolia roots (AAR) and bark (AAB) as well as Alchornea cordifolia leaves (ACL) and bark (ACB) had respective IC50 values of 0.98 μg/mL, 1.45 μg/mL, 8.02 μg/mL and 12.57 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM cells. They were further tested in 8 other cell lines as well as in normal AML12 hepatocytes. IC50 values ranging from 2.71 μg/mL (towards glioblastoma U87MG.ΔEGFR cells) to 10.30 μg/mL (towards breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) for AAB, from 3.43 μg/mL (towards U87MG cells) to 10.77 μg/mL (towards colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53−/−) cells) for AAR and from 0.11 μg/mL (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 108 μg/mL (towards leukemia CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin (as control drug) were obtained. ACL and ACB extracts displayed selective activities. AAR and ACL extracts induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells, through caspases activation and loss of MMP, while apoptotic cell death was mediated by MMP diruption and increase ROS production for ACL. Conclusion Some of the tested plants namely Albizia adianthifolia, Alchornea cordifolia, Alchornea laxiflora, Pennisetum purpureum, Spathodea campanulata represent a potential source of novel anticancer drugs. Especially, Albizia adianthifolia and Alchornea cordifolia revealed considerable cytotoxic activities that could be exploited to develop phytomedicines to fight cancers including MDR phenotypes.
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Kuete V, Mbaveng AT, Nono ECN, Simo CC, Zeino M, Nkengfack AE, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of seven naturally occurring phenolic compounds towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:856-63. [PMID: 27288921 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In medical oncology, multi-drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells continues to be a major impediment. We are in quest of novel anti-proliferative agents to overcome drug-resistant tumor cells. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of 7 naturally occurring phenolic compounds including two isoflavonoids alpinumisoflavone (1) and laburnetin (2), one biflavonoid amentoflavone (3), three lignans pycnanthulignene A (4), pycnanthulignene B (5), and syringaresinol (7) and one xanthone, euxanthone (6) against 9 drug-sensitive and MDR cancer cell lines. The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect caspase activation. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were all analyzed via flow cytometry. RESULTS The IC50 values for the investigational phenolics ranged from 5.91 µM (towards leukemia CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 65.65 µM (towards drug-resistant breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) for 1, 27.63 µM (towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells) to 107.57 µM (towards MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells) for 2, from 5.84 µM (towards CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 65.32 µM (towards colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53(-/-)) cells) for 4 and 0.20 µM (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 195.12 µM (towards leukemia CEM/ADR5000) for doxorubicin. Phenolics 3, 5, 6 and 7 displayed selectivity cytotoxic effects on cancer cells lines. Compounds 1 and 4 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells, mediated by loss of MMP and increase ROS production. CONCLUSIONS The studied phenolics and mostly isoflavonoid 1 and lignan 4 are potential cytotoxic natural products that deserve more investigations to develop novel antineoplastic drugs against multifactorial drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Eric C N Nono
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christophe C Simo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Augustin E Nkengfack
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany.
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Kuete V, Djeussi DE, Mbaveng AT, Zeino M, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of 15 Cameroonian medicinal plants against drug sensitive and multi-drug resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 186:196-204. [PMID: 27063984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cameroonian medicinal plants are traditionally used to treat many ailments, including cancer and related diseases. Cancer is characterized as a condition with complex signs and symptoms. It has been recommended that ethnopharmacological usages such as immune and skin disorders, inflammatory, infectious, parasitic and viral diseases should be taken into account when selecting plants for anticancer screenings, since these reflect disease states bearing relevance to cancer or cancer-like symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims at investigating 20 methanol extracts from 15 Cameroonian medicinal plants on a panel of human cancer cell lines, including various drug-resistant phenotypes. Possible modes of action of the of the most active plant were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol extracts from different plant parts (leaves, bark, roots, fruits or whole plant) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity using resazurin reduction assay on a panel of nine sensitive and multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. Cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Prescreening of extracts at 80µg/mL showed that 6 extracts out of 20 inhibited more than 50% proliferation of leukemia CCRF-CEM cells; these include extracts from Anthocleista schweinfurthii fruits (ASF; 48.28%), Morus mesozygia bark (MMB; 42.76%), Nauclea latifolia bark (NLB; 38.75%), Tridesmostemon omphalocarpoides bark (TOB; 38.53%), Nauclea latifolia leaves (NLL; 35.17%) and Erythrina sigmoidea bark (ESB; 33.77%). Subsequent investigations revealed IC50 values below or around 20µg/mL for extracts from MMB, NLB, NLL and ESB towards sensitive CCRF-CEM cells and its resistant P-glycoprotein over-expressing subline CEM/ADR5000. The best extract, ESB also displayed IC50 values below 20µg/mL colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53(+/+)) cells with an IC50 value of 19.63µg/mL and it resistant p53 knockout subline HCT116 (p53(-)(/-)) with an IC50 value of 16.22µg/mL. CONCLUSION Erythrina sigmoidea, Anthocleista schweinfurthii, Morus mesozygia, Nauclea latifolia, Tridesmostemon omphalocarpoides used in African traditional medicine are good cytotoxic plants that can be exploited to develop phytomedicine to fight cancers including MDR phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Doriane E Djeussi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Kuete V, Sandjo LP, Mbaveng AT, Zeino M, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of compounds from Xylopia aethiopica towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1247-1254. [PMID: 26655407 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer represent a major hurdle in chemotherapy. Previously, the methanol extract of the medicinal spice Xylopia aethiopica displayed considerable cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. METHODS The present study was designed to assess the cytotoxicity of compounds, 16α-hydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (2), 3,4',5-trihydroxy-6″,6″-dimethylpyrano[2,3-g]flavone (3), isotetrandrine (5) and trans-tiliroside (6) derived from the methanol crude extract of Xylopia aethiopica against 9 drug-sensitive and -resistant cancer cell lines. The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect caspase activation. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were all analyzed via flow cytometry. RESULTS Flavonoid 3 and alkaloid 5 also displayed IC50 values ranging from 2.61 µM (towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells) to 18.60 µM (towards gliobastoma multiforme U87MG.ΔEGFR cells) and from 1.45 µM (towards HepG2 cells) to 7.28 µM (towards MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells), respectively. IC50 values ranged from 0.20 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 195.12 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. Compound 3 induced apoptosis in leukemia CCRF-CEM cells mediated by the disruption of the MMP, whilst 5 induced apoptosis mediated by ROS production. CONCLUSIONS Compounds 2 and 5 represent potential cytotoxic phytochemicals that deserve more investigations to develop novel antineoplastic drugs against multifactorial drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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In vitro antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activities of the methanol extracts from Beilschmiedia acuta, Clausena anisata, Newbouldia laevis and Polyscias fulva against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:412. [PMID: 26590804 PMCID: PMC4655084 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study was designed to investigate the antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts from different parts of Beilschmedia acuta Kosterm (Lauraceae), Clausena anisata (Willd) Hook (Rutaceae), Newbouldia laevis Seem (Bignoniaceae) and Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms (Araliaceae) as well as their synergistic effects with antibiotics against a panel of Gram-negative bacteria, including multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes expressing active efflux pumps. Methods Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the extracts, as well as those of antibiotics in association with the most active ones, B. acuta, N. laevis and P. fulva. Results MIC values obtained indicate that extracts from the bark of B. acuta were active on all the 26 tested Gram-negative bacteria, with MICs ranging from values below 8 to 256 μg/mL. Other samples displayed selective activities, their inhibitory effects being observed on 9 (34.62 %) of the 26 bacterial strains for N. laevis leaves extract, 6 (23.10 %) for both C. anisata leaves and roots extracts, 7 (26.9 %) and 4 (15.4 %) for leaves and roots extracts of P. fulva respectively. Extract from B. actua bark displayed the best antibacterial activity with MIC values below 100 μg/mL against 16 (61.5 %) of the 26 tested microorganisms. The lowest MIC values (below 8 μg/mL) were obtained with this extract against Escherichia coli W3110 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC11296. The MIC values of this extract were lower than those of ciprofloxacin against E. coli W3110, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048, CM64 and Providencia stuartii NAE16. At MIC/2, the best percentages of synergistic effects (100 %), were obtained with B. acuta bark extract and tetracycline (TET) as well as with P. fulva leaves extract and TET and kanamycin (KAN). Conclusion The overall results of the present study provide information for the possible use of the studied plants and mostly Beilschmedia acuta in the control of bacterial infections including MDR phenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0944-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kuete V, Mbaveng AT, Zeino M, Fozing CD, Ngameni B, Kapche GDWF, Ngadjui BT, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of three naturally occurring flavonoid derived compounds (artocarpesin, cycloartocarpesin and isobavachalcone) towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1096-1102. [PMID: 26547532 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer remains an aggressive deadly disease, if drug resistance develops. This problem is aggravated by the fact that multiple rather than single mechanisms are involved in resistance and that multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomena cause inefficacy of many clinical established anticancer drugs. We are seeking for novel cytotoxic phytochemicals to combat drug-resistant tumour cells. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of three naturally occurring flavonoids including two flavones artocarpesin (1) and cycloartocarpesin (2) and one chalcone, isobavachalcone (3) against 9 drug-sensitive and MDR cancer cell lines. The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect caspase activation. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were all analysed via flow cytometry. RESULTS Flavones 1 and 2 as well as chalcone 3 displayed cytotoxic effects at various extent on all the 9 tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values respectively below 106 µM, 50 µM and 25 µM. The IC50 values for the three investigational flavonoids ranged from 23.95 µM (towards hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells) to 105 µM [towards colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53(-/-)) cells] for 1, from 15.51 µM (towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells) to 49.83 µM [towards glioblastoma U87MG.ΔEGFR cells] for 2 and from 2.30 µM (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 23.80 µM [towards colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53(+/+)) cells] for 3 and from 0.20 µM (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 195.12 µM (towards leukemia CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. Compounds 2 and 3 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells, mediated by caspase activation and the disruption of MMP. CONCLUSIONS The three tested flavonoids and mostly chalcone 3 are potential cytotoxic natural products that deserve more investigations to develop novel antineoplastic drugs against multifactorial drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian D Fozing
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bathelemy Ngameni
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Bonaventure T Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Saeed MEM, Abdelgadir H, Sugimoto Y, Khalid HE, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of 35 medicinal plants from Sudan towards sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:644-58. [PMID: 26165828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a complex disease with multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. Since decades, the hallmark of cancer therapy is chemotherapy. Cytotoxic drugs erase rapidly dividing cells without sufficient differentiation between normal and cancerous cells resulting in severe side effects in normal tissues. Recently, strategies for cancer treatment focused on targeting specific proteins involved in tumor growth and progression. The present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity of 65 crude extracts from 35 Sudanese medicinal plants towards various cancer cell lines expressing molecular mechanisms of resistance towards classical chemotherapeutics (two ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) and ABCB5, tumor suppressor p53, epidermal growth factors receptor (EGFR). And the aim was to identify plant extracts and isolated compounds thereof with activity towards otherwise drug-resistant tumor cells. METHODS Cold maceration was performed to obtain crude extracts from the plants. The resazurin assay was used to determine cytotoxicity of the plant extracts. Microarray-based mRNA expression profiling, COMPARE, and hierarchical cluster analyses were applied to identify, which genes correlate with sensitivity or resistance to ambrosin, the main constituent of the most active extract Ambrosia maritima. RESULTS The results of the resazurin assay on different tumors showed that Lawsonia inermis, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Ambrosia maritma were the most active crude extracts. Ambrosin was selected as one active principle of A. maritima for microarray-based expression profiling. Genes from various functional groups (transcriptional regulators, signal transduction, membrane transporters, cytoskeleton organization, chaperones, immune system development and DNA repair) were significantly correlated with response of tumor cell lines to ambrosin. CONCLUSION The results revealed cytotoxicity and pharmacogenomics studies of Sudanese medicinal plants provide an attractive strategy for the development of novel cancer therapeutics with activity towards cell lines that resistance to established anticancer agents.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Computational Biology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Indicators and Reagents
- Oxazines
- Pharmacogenetics
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology
- Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane
- Sudan
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Xanthenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Haider Abdelgadir
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hassan E Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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