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He Q, Yin Z, Chen Y, Wu Y, Pan D, Cui Y, Zhang Z, Ma H, Li X, Shen C, Qin J, Wang S. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside alleviates ethanol-induced liver injury by promoting mitophagy in a Gao-binge mouse model of alcohol-associated liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167259. [PMID: 38796918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver disease-related deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, approved medications for the treatment of this condition are quite limited. One promising candidate is the anthocyanin, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), which has been reported to protect mice against hepatic lipid accumulation, as well as fibrosis in different animal models. However, the specific effects and mechanisms of C3G on ALD remain to be investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this report, a Gao-binge mouse model of ALD was used to investigate the effects of C3G on ethanol-induced liver injury. The mechanisms of these C3G effects were assessed using AML12 hepatocytes. RESULTS C3G administration ameliorated ethanol-induced liver injury by suppressing hepatic oxidative stress, as well as through reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. Mechanistically, C3G activated the AMPK pathway and enhanced mitophagy to eliminate damaged mitochondria, thus reducing mitochondria-derived reactive oxidative species in ethanol-challenged hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that mitophagy plays a potentially important role underlying the hepatoprotective action of C3G, as demonstrated in a Gao-binge mouse model of ALD. Accordingly, C3G may serve as a promising, new therapeutic drug candidate for use in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunling Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunxiao Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanhao Cui
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zinuo Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanyu Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuanji Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chang Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junfang Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shuanglian Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Huang G, Zhang M, Feng K, Xiao J, Huang Q, Ho CT, Liu J. Natural product nobiletin-loaded Pickering emulsion stabilized by bovine serum albumin/carboxymethyl inulin complexes: preparation and digestive characteristics. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1375779. [PMID: 38751784 PMCID: PMC11094236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1375779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
To expand the application of nobiletin (NOB) in semi-solid functional foods, bovine serum albumin (BSA)/carboxymethyl inulin (CMI) complexes-stabilized Pickering emulsion (BCPE) (φoil = 60%, v/v) was fabricated, and the swallowing index and bioavailability of the NOB-loaded Pickering emulsion was evaluated. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) images revealed that BSA/CMI complexes attached to the oil-water interface. NOB-loaded BCPE exhibited a viscoelastic and shear-thinning behavior. Fork drip test results suggested that the textural value of unloaded and NOB-loaded emulsions was International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative Level 4, which could be swallowed directly without chewing. The in vitro lipolysis model suggested that NOB had a faster digestive profile and a higher bioaccessibility in the BCPE than in the oil suspension. The in vivo rat model revealed that the oral bioavailability of NOB was increased by 2.07 folds in BCPE compared to its bioavailability in unformulated oil. Moreover, BCPE led to a higher plasma concentration of the major demethylated metabolite of NOB (4'-demethylnobiletin) than the unformulated oil. Accordingly, BCPE enhanced the oral bioavailability of NOB by improving bioaccessibility, absorption, and biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Huang
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Konglong Feng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang S, Liu Z, Xu X, Zhao R, Zhang S, Luo R. Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Metabolites Important for Antioxidant Properties and Quality Traits in Different Fruit Parts of Aurantii Fructus Immatures. Molecules 2024; 29:1733. [PMID: 38675553 PMCID: PMC11051935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine, Aurantii Fructus Immatures (AFIs) have been utilized for more than 2000 years. The proportions of different fruit parts are crucial for evaluating AFI quality in China. However, the basis for this statement's substance is unclear. Differences in quality are intimately correlated with a plant's metabolite composition. On the basis of a widely targeted metabolome, this study intended to investigate the metabolite composition and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the peel and pulp of an AFI. Metabolites were identified and quantified by UHPLC-QqQ-MS. To assess their antioxidant ability, DPPH and ABTS assays were carried out. There were 1327 chemical compounds identified by UHPLC-QqQ-MS. After screening the differential metabolites using a multivariate statistical analysis, it was found that there were 695 significant differences in the metabolites between the peel and the pulp. Among them, it was discovered that the content of active ingredients in the peel group was higher than that in the pulp group. Furthermore, the aqueous extracts from the peel showed stronger antioxidant capacities than those from the pulp. The metabolites and antioxidant capacities were significantly different between the peel and the pulp. This study of different fruit parts might provide a guide for AFI quality assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ze Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ruihua Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shujiang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rong Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Lee H, Koh GY, Lee H, Alves P, Yokoyama W, Wang Y. Discovery of a Novel Bioactive Compound in Orange Peel Polar Fraction on the Inhibition of Trimethylamine and Trimethylamine N-Oxide through Metabolomics Approaches and In Vitro and In Vivo Assays: Feruloylputrescine Inhibits Trimethylamine via Suppressing cntA/B Enzyme. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7870-7881. [PMID: 38562057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study compares the inhibitory effects of orange peel polar fraction (OPP) and orange peel nonpolar fraction (OPNP) on trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production in response to l-carnitine treatment in vivo and in vitro. Metabolomics is used to identify bioactive compounds. The research demonstrates that the OPP effectively regulates atherosclerosis-related markers, TMA and TMAO in plasma and urine, compared to the OPNP. Our investigation reveals that these inhibitory effects are independent of changes in gut microbiota composition. The effects are attributed to the modulation of cntA/B enzyme activity and FMO3 mRNA expression in vitro. Moreover, OPP exhibits stronger inhibitory effects on TMA production than OPNP, potentially due to its higher content of feruloylputrescine, which displays the highest inhibitory activity on the cntA/B enzyme and TMA production. These findings suggest that the OPP containing feruloylputrescine has the potential to alleviate cardiovascular diseases by modulating cntA/B and FMO3 enzymes without directly influencing gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Gar Yee Koh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Hanna Lee
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agricultural, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Priscila Alves
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agricultural, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Wallace Yokoyama
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agricultural, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
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Peng Z, Song L, Chen M, Liu Z, Yuan Z, Wen H, Zhang H, Huang Y, Peng Z, Yang H, Li G, Zhang H, Hu Z, Li W, Wang X, Larkin RM, Deng X, Xu Q, Chen J, Xu J. Neofunctionalization of an OMT cluster dominates polymethoxyflavone biosynthesis associated with the domestication of citrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321615121. [PMID: 38530892 PMCID: PMC10998556 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321615121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are a class of abundant specialized metabolites with remarkable anticancer properties in citrus. Multiple methoxy groups in PMFs are derived from methylation modification catalyzed by a series of hydroxylases and O-methyltransferases (OMTs). However, the specific OMTs that catalyze the systematic O-methylation of hydroxyflavones remain largely unknown. Here, we report that PMFs are highly accumulated in wild mandarins and mandarin-derived accessions, while undetectable in early-diverging citrus species and related species. Our results demonstrated that three homologous genes, CreOMT3, CreOMT4, and CreOMT5, are crucial for PMF biosynthesis in citrus, and their encoded methyltransferases exhibit multisite O-methylation activities for hydroxyflavones, producing seven PMFs in vitro and in vivo. Comparative genomic and syntenic analyses indicated that the tandem CreOMT3, CreOMT4, and CreOMT5 may be duplicated from CreOMT6 and contributes to the genetic basis of PMF biosynthesis in the mandarin group through neofunctionalization. We also demonstrated that N17 in CreOMT4 is an essential amino acid residue for C3-, C5-, C6-, and C3'-O-methylation activity and provided a rationale for the functional deficiency of OMT6 to produce PMFs in early-diverging citrus and some domesticated citrus species. A 1,041-bp deletion in the CreOMT4 promoter, which is found in most modern cultivated mandarins, has reduced the PMF content relative to that in wild and early-admixture mandarins. This study provides a framework for reconstructing PMF biosynthetic pathways, which may facilitate the breeding of citrus fruits with enhanced health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Peng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghua Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyang Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Peng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gu Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huixian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhehui Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyun Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Guizhou Fruit Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang550006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Robert M. Larkin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, People’s Republic of China
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Du Y, Su J, Yan M, Wang Q, Wang T, Gao S, Tian Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Lv G, Yu J. Polymethoxyflavones in citrus extract has a beneficial effect on hypercholesterolemia rats by promoting liver cholesterol metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117644. [PMID: 38135227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyperlipidemia is characterized by the disorder of lipid metabolism accompanied by oxidative stress damage, and low-grade inflammation, with the pathway of cholesterol and bile acid metabolic are an important triggering mechanism. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are the active constituents of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, which have many biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, anti-obesity, suppressing adipogenesis in adipocytes, and ameliorate type 2 diabetes, with potential roles for regulation of lipid metabolism. However, its associated mechanisms on hyperlipidemia remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to identify the anti-hypercholesterolemia effects and mechanisms of PMFs in a hypercholesterolemia model triggered by high-fat compounds in an excessive alcohol diet (HFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A hypercholesterolemia rat model was induced by HFD, and PMFs was intragastric administered at 125 and 250 mg/kg daily for 16 weeks. The effects of PMFs on hypercholesterolemia were assessed using serum lipids, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress levels. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining were performed to evaluate histopathological changes in the rat liver. The levels of total cholesterol (TC) and total bile acid (TBA) in the liver and feces were determined to evaluate lipid metabolism. RAW264.7 and BRL cells loaded with NBD-cholesterol were used to simulate the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process in vitro. The signaling pathway of cholesterol and bile acid metabolic was evaluated by Western Blotting (WB) and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress injury, and low-grade inflammation in model rats were ameliorated by PMFs administration. Numerous vacuoles and lipid droplets in hepatocytes were markedly reduced. In vitro experiments results revealed decreased NBD-cholesterol levels in RAW264.7 cells and increased NBD-cholesterol levels in BRL cells following PMFs intervention. PMFs upregulated the expression of proteins associated with the RCT pathway, such as LXRα, ABCA1, LDLR, and SR-BI, thereby promoting TC entry into the liver. Meanwhile, the expression of proteins associated with cholesterol metabolism and efflux pathways such as CYP7A1, CYP27A1, CYP7B1, ABCG5/8, ABCB1, and BSEP were regulated, thereby promoting cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, PMFs treatment regulated the expression of proteins related to the pathway of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, such as ASBT, OSTα, NTCP, FXR, FGF15, and FGFR4, thereby maintaining lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS PMFs might ameliorate hypercholesterolemia by promoting the entry of cholesterol into the liver through the RCT pathway, followed by excretion via metabolism pathways of cholesterol and bile acid. These findings provide a promising therapeutic potential for PMFs to treat hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030607, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Qirui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Su Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yajuan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yibei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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Pandey P, Khan F, Ramniwas S, Saeed M, Ahmad I. A mechanistic review of the pharmacological potential of narirutin: a dietary flavonoid. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03022-w. [PMID: 38457040 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Flavanones, a type of polyphenol, are found in substantial amounts in citrus fruits. When high- or moderate-dose orange juice consumption occurs, flavanones make up a significant portion of the total polyphenols in plasma. Disaccharide derivative narirutin, mainly dihydroxy flavanone, is found in citrus fruits. The substantial chemotherapeutic potential of narirutin has been amply demonstrated by numerous experimental studies. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to compile the research that has already been done showing narirutin to be a promising anticancer drug, with its mechanism of action being documented in treatment plans for various cancer forms. Narirutin functions in a variety of cancer cells by regulating several pathways that include cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and DNA repair. Narirutin has been shown to modify many molecular targets linked to the development of cancer, including drug transporters, cell cycle mediators, transcription factors, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these reviews offer important new information about narirutin's potential as a potent and promising drug candidate for use in medicines, functional foods, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and other products targeted at improving the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Kim MG, Kim S, Boo KH, Kim JH, Kim CS. Anti-inflammatory effects of immature Citrus unshiu fruit extracts via suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:903-911. [PMID: 38371697 PMCID: PMC10866848 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of 70% ethanol crude extract of immature Citrus unshiu fruits (ICE) and its solvent fractions in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, we analyzed the active compounds related to suppression of inflammation. It was found that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed the highest level of inhibition of NO production, and this inhibitory activity was concentration-dependent. Moreover, the EtOAc fraction not only inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 production but also inhibited iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Furthermore, inhibition of NF-κB activity and MAPK phosphorylation was also observed. In addition, β-sitosterol, campesterol and isoferulic acid were identified as major anti-inflammatory components in the EtOAc fraction. These results suggested that the EtOAc fraction of immature C. unshiu fruit extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, and that this fruit could be used as a natural anti-inflammatory material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gun Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Sojin Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Boo
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sook Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
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9
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Wang S, Shen S, Wang C, Wang X, Yang C, Zhou S, Zhang R, Zhou Q, Yu H, Guo H, Zheng W, Liu X, Xu J, Deng X, Xu Q, Luo J. A metabolomics study in citrus provides insight into bioactive phenylpropanoid metabolism. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad267. [PMID: 38304332 PMCID: PMC10831325 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
Citrus fruits are widely consumed worldwide in juices or as fresh and provide a broad range of phytonutrients that are important for human health. Here, a citrus multi-omics resource is presented: comprehensive metabolic profiling of various citrus species was performed and metabolic profiles were compared among species, with a focus on the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway. A metabolite-based genome-wide association analysis (mGWAS) of 154 pummelo accessions was performed using factored spectrally transformed linear mixed models (FaST-LMM) and efficient mixed-model association eXpedited (EMMAX), and the genetic and biochemical basis of metabolomic variation was comprehensively analysed. A metabolite-single nucleotide polymorphism-gene (metabolite-SNP-gene) interaction network was constructed for pummelo, and many candidate loci controlling the synthesis and regulation of bioactive compounds were identified; among these loci, three BAHD malonyltransferases were involved in the malonylation of flavonoid glycosides. Further investigation revealed that an R2R3-MYB transcription factor CgMYB1 positively controls the metabolism of phenylpropanoid molecules, particularly the flavonoid derivatives. This study provides valuable data resources on the metabolic regulatory networks of bioactive components in citrus, in addition to demonstrating an efficient method for metabolic pathway dissection and providing targets for future breeding work with the aim of improving nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouchuang Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Shuangqian Shen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xia Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shen Zhou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Weikang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Juan Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
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10
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Mushtaq Z, Aslam M, Imran M, Abdelgawad MA, Saeed F, Khursheed T, Umar M, Abdulmonem WA, Ghorab AHA, Alsagaby SA, Tufail T, Raza MA, Hussain M, Al JBawi E. Polymethoxyflavones: an updated review on pharmacological properties and underlying molecular mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2023.2189568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Mushtaq
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Aslam
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Narowal-Pakistan, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tara Khursheed
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Umar
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Al Ghorab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A. Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, AI Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahtisham Raza
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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11
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Chen B, Yang X, Zhan M, Chen Y, Xu J, Xiao J, Xiao H, Song M. Dietary tangeretin improved antibiotic-associated diarrhea in mice by enhancing the intestinal barrier function, regulating the gut microbiota, and metabolic homeostasis. Food Funct 2023; 14:10731-10746. [PMID: 37933488 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02998k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is mediated by antibiotic treatment and is usually caused by the disruption of the intestinal barrier, gut microbiota, and metabolic balance. To identify a dietary strategy that can mitigate the side effects of antibiotics, this study investigated the effect of tangeretin on antibiotic-associated diarrhea in C57BL/6 mice. The results revealed that dietary tangeretin significantly ameliorated symptoms of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, as evidenced by the decreased diarrhea status scores, the reduced fecal water content, the decreased caecum/body weight ratio, and the alleviated colonic tissue damage. Dietary tangeretin also exhibited a protective effect on the intestinal barrier function by upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1. Furthermore, analysis of the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that dietary tangeretin modulated the gut microbiota of mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea via increasing the gut microbiota diversity and the abundance of beneficial bacteria, e.g., Lactobacillaceae and Ruminococcaceae, and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria, e.g., Enterococcus and Terrisporobacter. Additionally, dietary tangeretin restored the levels of short-chain fatty acids and modulated metabolic pathways by enriching purine metabolism, bile acid metabolism, ABC transporters, and choline metabolism in cancer. Collectively, these findings provide a solid scientific basis for the rational use of tangeretin as a preventive and therapeutic agent for antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Xun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Minmin Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yilu Chen
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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12
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Saxena S, Pal G, Pandey A. Functional characterization of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase gene family in chickpea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111836. [PMID: 37619866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea is an important leguminous crop plant with two cultivated types, desi and kabuli. It is nutritionally enriched in flavonoid content in addition to minerals and vitamins imparting huge health benefits to human beings. Our study elucidates the functionality of 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) gene family members i.e., flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonol synthase (FLS) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) in chickpea using heterologous bacterial system and in-planta studies in Arabidopsis. This provides information about the biosynthesis of two very significant sub-classes of flavonoids- flavonols and anthocyanins. Here, we show that all the three homologs of F3H in chickpea can utilize not just naringenin but also eriodictyol as their substrate. Moreover, we show that FLS in chickpea exhibits bifunctionality having both FLS and F3H activity. Also, our study indicates the richness of desi chickpea over kabuli type through gene expression and metabolite content analyses. Overall, our study establishes the functionality of 2-ODD gene family involved in the early and late steps of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in chickpea. It paves way for better genetic manipulation of the pathway for direct or indirect synthesis of three major subclasses of flavonoids (flavonol, anthocyanin and proanthocyanin) to develop nutritious, environmentally stable and healthy chickpea (Cicer arietinum) crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Saxena
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Gaurav Pal
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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13
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Yang J, Kim JS, Kwon YS, Seong ES, Kim MJ. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Extract and Isolated Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:7354. [PMID: 37959773 PMCID: PMC10650814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and antiproliferative activities of Eclipta prostrata extracts. Two flavonoids, 3'-O-methylorobol and apigenin 7-sulfate, were isolated from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of E. prostrata. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the E. prostrata extracts, as well as their overall antioxidant activities as measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assays, were investigated. The E. prostrata EtOAc extract exhibited significantly greater antioxidant activities in both assays and higher phenol and flavonoid contents than the other extracts. The potential antiproliferative properties of the E. prostrata extracts and isolated compounds were investigated in vitro against the AGS, A549, and HT-29 cancer cell lines and the normal human HEK-293 cell line using the MTT assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were used to assess AGS cell apoptosis. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, the EtOAc extract of E. prostrata reduced AGS cell viability and proliferation by inducing apoptosis through the alteration of gene expression in the apoptotic cascade. These results highlight E. prostrata as a promising source of anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yang
- Research Institute of Food Science & Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China;
| | - Joo Seok Kim
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Seong
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong Jo Kim
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wei X, Li L, Xu L, Zeng L, Xu J. Genome-wide identification of the AOMT gene family in wax apple and functional characterization of SsAOMTs to anthocyanin methylation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1213642. [PMID: 37822338 PMCID: PMC10562569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1213642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Anthocyanins are major pigments in the peels of red-series wax apple fruits, and two principal components of them, namely, the cyanin and the peonidin, are non-methoxylated and methoxylated anthocyanins, respectively. Anthocyanin O-methyltransferases (AOMTs) are an important group of enzymes that have the ability to catalyze anthocyanins methylation to promote the solubility, stability, and bioactivity of anthocyanins. Although AOMT genes have been studied in a variety of plants, the function of them in wax apple is generally not well understood. Methods The anthocyanin composition in peels of two wax apple cultivars was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLS-MS). The genome-wide analysis of the AOMT genes was performed with bioinformatics technology, and the expression patterns of different plant tissues, cultivars, fruit ripening stages, and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatments were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing analysis and real-time quantitative PCR verification. An initial functional evaluation was carried out in vitro using recombinant the Anthocyanin O-methyltransferase Gene 5 of S. samarangense (SsAOMT5) protein. Results Only two main compositions of anthocyanin were found in peels of two wax apple cultivars, and it was worth noting that Tub Ting Jiang cultivar contained non-methoxylated anthocyanin (Cy3G) only, whereas Daye cultivar contained both non-methoxylated and methoxylated (Pn3G) anthocyanins. A total of six SsAOMT genes were identified in the whole genome of wax apple, randomly distributing on three chromosomes. A phylogenic analysis of the protein sequences divided the SsAOMT gene family into three subgroups, and all SsAOMTs had highly conserved domains of AOMT family. In total, four types of stress- related and five types of hormone- related cis-elements were discovered in the promoter region of the SsAOMTs. Expression pattern analysis showed that SsAOMT5 and SsAOMT6 were expressed in all tissues to varying degrees; notably, the expression of SsAOMT5 was high in the flower and fruit and significantly higher in Daye peels than those of other cultivars in the fruit ripening period. Exogenous ABA treatment significantly increased anthocyanin accumulation, but the increase of methoxylated anthocyanin content did not reach significant level compared with those without ABA treatment, whereas the expression of SsAOMT5 upregulated under ABA treatment. We identified two homologous SsAOMT5 genes from Daye cultivar (DSsAOMT5) and Tub Ting Jiang cultivar (TSsAOMT5); the results of functional analyses to two SsAOMT5 recombinant proteins in vitro demonstrated that DSsAOMT5 showed methylation modification activity, but TSsAOMT5 did not. Conclusion In conclusion, SsAOMT5 was responsible for methylated anthocyanin accumulation in the peels of wax apple and played an important role in red coloration in wax apple peels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Wei
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liang Li
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lihui Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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15
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Aslan MN, Sukan-Karaçağıl B, Acar-Tek N. Roles of citrus fruits on energy expenditure, body weight management, and metabolic biomarkers: a comprehensive review. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad116. [PMID: 37702528 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are widely consumed for their nutritional and health benefits. They belong to the Rutaceae and have many varieties, such as sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), which is the most popular. Citrus fruits are rich in water (>80%), dietary fiber, and vitamins. They also contain bioactive components, which may modulate energy metabolism and lipid oxidation through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include stimulating β3-adrenergic receptors, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis, activating AMP kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α pathways, inhibiting lipogenesis and lipid accumulation, and inducing browning of white adipose tissue. This review summarizes the mechanisms and outcomes of citrus fruits and their metabolites on energy metabolism and body weight in different experimental models. The literature was searched for in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies that investigated the effects of citrus consumption on energy expenditure, thermogenesis, adipogenesis, and lipid accumulation. Citrus fruits and their metabolites have shown promising effects on energy metabolism and lipid oxidation in in vitro and in vivo animal studies. However, the evidence from human studies is limited and inconsistent. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are briefly discussed, and knowledge gaps and research needs are identified for future studies. Citrus fruits may have beneficial effects on energy metabolism and body weight, but more rigorous and well-designed human trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Nur Aslan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Sukan-Karaçağıl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Acar-Tek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Restivo I, Basilicata MG, Giardina IC, Massaro A, Pepe G, Salviati E, Pecoraro C, Carbone D, Cascioferro S, Parrino B, Diana P, Ostacolo C, Campiglia P, Attanzio A, D’Anneo A, Pojero F, Allegra M, Tesoriere L. A Combination of Polymethoxyflavones from Citrus sinensis and Prenylflavonoids from Humulus lupulus Counteracts IL-1β-Induced Differentiated Caco-2 Cells Dysfunction via a Modulation of NF-κB/Nrf2 Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1621. [PMID: 37627616 PMCID: PMC10451557 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We here investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of a polymethoxylated flavone-containing fraction (PMFF) from Citrus sinensis and of a prenylflavonoid-containing one (PFF) from Humulus lupulus, either alone or in combination (MIX). To this end, an in vitro model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting of differentiated, interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated Caco-2 cells, was employed. We demonstrated that non-cytotoxic concentrations of either PMFF or PFF or MIX reduced nitric oxide (NO) production while PFF and MIX, but not PMFF, also inhibited prostaglandin E2 release. Coherently, MIX suppressed both inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 over-expression besides NF-κB activation. Moreover, MIX increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, heme oxygenase-1 expression, restoring GSH and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONs) levels. Remarkably, these effects with MIX were stronger than those produced by PMFF or PFF alone. Noteworthy, nobiletin (NOB) and xanthohumol (XTM), two of the most represented phytochemicals in PMFF and PFF, respectively, synergistically inhibited RONs production. Overall, our results demonstrate that MIX enhances the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of the individual fractions in a model of IBD, via a mechanism involving modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 signalling. Synergistic interactions between NOB and XTM emerge as a relevant aspect underlying this evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | | | - Ilenia Concetta Giardina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Alessandro Massaro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (E.S.); (C.O.); (P.C.)
| | - Emanuela Salviati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (E.S.); (C.O.); (P.C.)
| | - Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (C.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.); (B.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (C.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.); (B.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (C.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.); (B.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (C.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.); (B.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (C.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.); (B.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (E.S.); (C.O.); (P.C.)
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (E.S.); (C.O.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
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17
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Liu Y, Yan N, Chen Q, Dong L, Li Y, Weng P, Wu Z, Pan D, Liu L, Farag MA, Wang L, Liu L. Research advances in citrus polyphenols: green extraction technologies, gut homeostasis regulation, and nano-targeted delivery system application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37552798 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2239350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Citrus polyphenols can modulate gut microbiota and such bi-directional interaction that can yield metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to aid in gut homeostasis. Such interaction provides citrus polyphenols with powerful prebiotic potential, contributing to guts' health status and metabolic regulation. Citrus polyphenols encompass unique polymethoxy flavonoids imparting non-polar nature that improve their bioactivities and ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Green extraction technology targeting recovery of these polyphenols has received increasing attention due to its advantages of high extraction yield, short extraction time, low solvent consumption, and environmental friendliness. However, the low bioavailability of citrus polyphenols limits their applications in extraction from citrus by-products. Meanwhile, nano-encapsulation technology may serve as a promising approach to improve citrus polyphenols' bioavailability. As citrus polyphenols encompass multiple hydroxyl groups, they are potential to interact with bio-macromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides in nano-encapsulated systems that can improve their bioavailability. This multifaceted review provides a research basis for the green and efficient extraction techniques of citrus polyphenols, as well as integrated mechanisms for its anti-inflammation, alleviating metabolic syndrome, and regulating gut homeostasis, which is more capitalized upon using nano-delivery systems as discussed in that review to maximize their health and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Plant Functional Component Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laoshan District, Qingdao, China
| | - Qin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lezhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peifang Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zufang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyi Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lianliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Choudhary N, Bawari S, Burcher JT, Sinha D, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Targeting Cell Signaling Pathways in Lung Cancer by Bioactive Phytocompounds. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3980. [PMID: 37568796 PMCID: PMC10417502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with high incidence worldwide. It is the most frequently occurring cancer in men and the second most common in women. Due to its frequent diagnosis and variable response to treatment, lung cancer was reported as the top cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020. Many aberrant signaling cascades are implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer, including those involved in apoptosis (B cell lymphoma protein, Bcl-2-associated X protein, first apoptosis signal ligand), growth inhibition (tumor suppressor protein or gene and serine/threonine kinase 11), and growth promotion (epidermal growth factor receptor/proto-oncogenes/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase). Accordingly, these pathways and their signaling molecules have become promising targets for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Recent research provides compelling evidence for the use of plant-based compounds, known collectively as phytochemicals, as anticancer agents. This review discusses major contributing signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of lung cancer, as well as currently available treatments and prospective drug candidates. The anticancer potential of naturally occurring bioactive compounds in the context of lung cancer is also discussed, with critical analysis of their mechanistic actions presented by preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, GNA School of Pharmacy, GNA University, Phagwara 144 401, India
| | - Sweta Bawari
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201 301, India
| | - Jack T. Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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Lin M, Xu C, Gao X, Zhang W, Yao Z, Wang T, Feng X, Wang Y. Comparative study on secondary metabolites from different citrus varieties in the production area of Zhejiang. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1159676. [PMID: 37252230 PMCID: PMC10211264 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1159676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the distribution pattern of bioactive components and their correlations between citrus varieties, we thoroughly analyzed secondary metabolites (including flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, and limonoids) in the peel and pulp of 11 citrus varieties from the production area of Zhejiang. Citrus peels accumulated metabolites far more than the pulp, and the accumulation varied significantly between species. Flavonoids were the most abundant compounds, followed by phenolic acids, with carotenoids and limonoids being far less abundant than the first two, but limonoids were more abundant than carotenoids. Hesperidin was the main flavonoid in most varieties, but cocktail grapefruit and Changshanhuyou contained naringin, with Ponkan having the most abundant polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs). The major components of phenolic acids, carotenoids, and limonoids were ferulic acid, β-cryptoxanthin, and limonin, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated that these components were mostly correlated with each other, and these citrus varieties could be categorized into four groups by pulp and three groups by peel. The obtained results filled the data gap for secondary metabolites from local citrus and could provide data references for citrus resource utilization, selection and breeding of superior varieties, and other research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lin
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Taizhou, China
| | - Chengnan Xu
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Taizhou, China
| | - Xueying Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhoulin Yao
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Taizhou, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Taizhou, China
| | - Xianju Feng
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Taizhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Taizhou, China
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20
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Chen J, Liu Y, Wang H, Liang X, Ji S, Wang Y, Li X, Sun C. Polymethoxyflavone-Enriched Fraction from Ougan ( Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima) Attenuated Diabetes and Modulated Gut Microbiota in Diabetic KK-A y Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6944-6955. [PMID: 37127840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a serious, chronic disease worldwide; yet it is largely preventable through physical activity and healthy diets. Ougan (Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima) is a characteristic citrus variety rich in polymethoxyflavones. In the present study, the anti-diabetic effects of the polymethoxyflavone-enriched fraction from Ougan (OG-PMFs) were investigated. Diabetic KK-Ay mice were supplemented with different doses of OG-PMFs for 5 weeks. Our results demonstrated that OG-PMFs exhibited robust protective effects against diabetes symptoms in KK-Ay mice. The potential mechanisms may partially be attributed to the restoration of hepatic GLUT2 and catalase expression. Notably, OG-PMF administration significantly altered the gut microbiota composition in diabetic KK-Ay, indicated by the suppression of metabolic disease-associated genera Desulfovibrio, Lachnoclostridium, Enterorhabdus, and Ralstonia, implying that the gut microbiota might be another target for OG-PMFs to show effects. Taken together, our results provided a supplementation for the metabolic-protective effects of PMFs and highlighted that OG-PMFs hold great potential to be developed as a functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebiao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Ji
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Dandlen SA, Da Silva JP, Miguel MG, Duarte A, Power DM, Marques NT. Quick Decline and Stem Pitting Citrus tristeza virus Isolates Induce a Distinct Metabolomic Profile and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Phloem Sap of Two Citrus Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1394. [PMID: 36987082 PMCID: PMC10051153 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility to the severe Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), T36, is higher for Citrus macrophylla (CM) than for C. aurantium (CA). How host-virus interactions are reflected in host physiology is largely unknown. In this study, the profile of metabolites and the antioxidant activity in the phloem sap of healthy and infected CA and CM plants were evaluated. The phloem sap of quick decline (T36) and stem pitting (T318A) infected citrus, and control plants was collected by centrifugation, and the enzymes and metabolites analyzed. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), in infected plants increased significantly in CM and decreased in CA, compared to the healthy controls. Using LC-HRMS2 a metabolic profile rich in secondary metabolites was assigned to healthy CA, compared to healthy CM. CTV infection of CA caused a drastic reduction in secondary metabolites, but not in CM. In conclusion, CA and CM have a different response to severe CTV isolates and we propose that the low susceptibility of CA to T36 may be related to the interaction of the virus with the host's metabolism, which reduces significantly the synthesis of flavonoids and antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A. Dandlen
- MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José P. Da Silva
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Miguel
- MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Duarte
- MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M. Power
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Natália Tomás Marques
- CEOT—Centro de Eletrónica, Optoeletrónica e Telecomunicações, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Edif. 8, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Nobiletin Intake Attenuates Hepatic Lipid Profiling and Oxidative Stress in HFD-Induced Nonalcoholic-Fatty-Liver-Disease Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062570. [PMID: 36985541 PMCID: PMC10054910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB) is a naturally occurring compound, commonly found in citrus peel, that shows hepatoprotective and lipid-reducing effects. However, the lipid biomarkers and the potential improvement mechanisms have not been adequately explored. Therefore, we investigated the ameliorative effect and the molecular mechanism of NOB on NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet in mice. The results showed that supplementation with NOB over 12 weeks markedly improved glucose tolerance, serum lipid profiles, inflammatory factors, hepatic steatosis, and oxidative stress. These beneficial effects were mainly related to reduced levels of potential lipid biomarkers including free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols, and cholesteryl esters according to hepatic lipidomic analysis. Twenty lipids, including DGs and phosphatidylcholines, were identified as potential lipid biomarkers. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis indicated that NOB inhibited the expression of lipogenesis-related factors such as SREBP-1c, SCD-1, and FAS, and upregulated the expression of lipid oxidation (PPARα) and cholesterol conversion (LXRα, CYP7A1, and CYP27A1) genes as well as antioxidation-related factors (Nucl-Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, and GCLC), indicating that NOB intake may reduce lipid biosynthesis and increase lipid consumption to improve hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress. This study is beneficial for understanding the ameliorative effects of NOB on NAFLD.
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23
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Anticancer Mechanism of Flavonoids on High-Grade Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040797. [PMID: 36839156 PMCID: PMC9964830 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas are the most common and deadliest malignant adult tumors of the central nervous system. Despite the advancements in the multimodality treatment of high-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas, the five-year survival rates still remain poor. The biggest challenge in treating high-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas is the intra-tumor heterogeneity feature of the glioma tumors. Introducing dietary flavonoids to the current high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma treatment strategies is crucial to overcome this challenge, as flavonoids can target several molecular targets. This review discusses the anticancer mechanism of flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, chrysin, apigenin, naringenin, silibinin, EGCG, genistein, biochanin A and C3G) through targeting molecules associated with high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, migration, invasion, autophagy and DNA repair. In addition, the common molecules targeted by the flavonoids such as Bax, Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, caspase-8, caspase-3, p53, p38, Erk, JNK, p38, beclin-1 and LC3B were also discussed. Moreover, the clinical relevance of flavonoid molecular targets in high-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas is discussed with comparison to small molecules inhibitors: ralimetinib, AMG232, marimastat, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. Despite the positive pre-clinical results, further investigations in clinical studies are warranted to substantiate the efficacy and safety of the use of flavonoids on high-grade adult-type diffuse glioma patients.
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Comparative Untargeted Metabolic Profiling of Different Parts of Citrus sinensis Fruits via Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Multivariate Data Analyses to Unravel Authenticity. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030579. [PMID: 36766108 PMCID: PMC9914239 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences between seven authentic samples of Citrus sinensis var. Valencia peel (albedo and flavedo) and juices from Spain and Uruguay, in addition to a concentrate obtained from Brazil, were investigated by untargeted metabolic profiling. Sixty-six metabolites were detected by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (nLC-ESI-qTOF-MS) belonging to phenolic acids, coumarins, flavonoid glycosides, limonoids, terpenes, and fatty acids. Eleven metabolites were detected for the first time in Citrus sinensis and identified as citroside A, sinapic acid pentoside, apigenin-C-hexosyl-O-pentoside, chrysoeriol-C-hexoside, di-hexosyl-diosmetin, perilloside A, gingerol, ionone epoxide hydroxy-sphingenine, xanthomicrol, and coumaryl alcohol-O-hexoside. Some flavonoids were completely absent from the juice, while present most prominently in the Citrus peel, conveying more industrial and economic prospects to the latter. Multivariate data analyses clarified that the differences among orange parts overweighed the geographical source. PCA analysis of ESI-(-)-mode data revealed for hydroxylinoleic acid abundance in flavedo peel from Uruguay the most distant cluster from all others. The PCA analysis of ESI-(+)-mode data provided a clear segregation of the different Citrus sinensis parts primarily due to the large diversity of flavonoids and coumarins among the studied samples.
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Yang W, Liang Y, Liu Y, Chen B, Wang K, Chen X, Yu Z, Yang D, Cai Y, Zheng G. The molecular mechanism for inhibiting the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells using polymethoxyflavonoids purified from pericarp of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' via HSCCC. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1096001. [PMID: 37180721 PMCID: PMC10174288 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1096001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavonoids (PMFs), the main bioactive compounds naturally occurring in the pericarp of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' (CRCP), possess significant antitumor action. However, the action of PMFs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is currently unknown. The present research study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of PMFs from CRCP on NPC growth in vivo and in vitro. In our research, we used high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) to separate four PMFs (nobiletin (NOB), 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), tangeretin (TGN), and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (5-HPMF)) from CRCP. CCK-8 assay was used to preliminarily screen cell viability following exposure to the four PMFs. Colony formation, Hoechst-33258 staining, transwell, and wound scratch assays were performed to assess the anti-proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis-inducing effects of HMF on NPC cells. NPC tumors in xenograft tumor transplantation experiments were also established to explore the effect of HMF (100 and 150 mg/kg/day) on NPC. The histopathological changes in the treated rats were observed by H&E staining and Ki-67 detection by immunohistochemical techniques. The expressions of P70S6K, p-P70S6K, S6, p-S6, COX-2, p53, and p-p53 were measured by Western blot. The four PMFs were obtained with high purity (>95.0%). The results of the preliminary screening by CCK-8 assay suggested that HMF had the strongest inhibitory effect on NPC cell growth. The results of the colony formation, Hoechst-33258 staining, transwell, and wound scratch assays indicated that HMF had significant anti-proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis-inducing ability in NPC cells. Moreover, HMF suppressed NPC tumor growth in xenograft tumor transplantation experiments. Further investigation suggested that HMF regulated NPC cells proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion by activating AMPK-dependent signaling pathways. In conclusion, HMF-induced AMPK activation inhibited NPC cell growth, invasion, and metastatic potency by downregulating the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway and COX-2 protein levels, as well as enhancing the p53 phosphorylation level. Our study provides a crucial experimental basis for the clinical treatment of NPC, as well as the development and utilization of PMFs from CRCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Yang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyao Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baizhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangmen, China
| | - Kanghui Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Zheng, ; Yi Cai, ; Depo Yang,
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Zheng, ; Yi Cai, ; Depo Yang,
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Zheng, ; Yi Cai, ; Depo Yang,
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Fontana G, Bruno M, Sottile F, Badalamenti N. The Chemistry and the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Polymethoxyflavonoids from Citrus Genus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010023. [PMID: 36670885 PMCID: PMC9855034 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavonoids (PMFs) are a large group of compounds belonging to the more general class of flavonoids that possess a flavan carbon framework decorated with a variable number of methoxy groups. Hydroxylated polymethoxyflavonoids (HPMFs), instead, are characterized by the presence of both hydroxyl and methoxy groups in their structural unities. Some of these compounds are the aglycone part in a glycoside structure in which the glycosidic linkage can involve the -OH at various positions. These compounds are particular to Citrus genus plants, especially in fruits, and they are present mainly in the peel. A considerable number of PMFs and HPMFs have shown promising biological activities and they are considered to be important nutraceuticals, responsible for some of the known beneficial effects on health associated with a regular consumption of Citrus fruits. Among their several actions on human health, it is notable that the relevant contribution in controlling the intracellular redox imbalance is associated with the inflammation processes. In this work, we aim to describe the status concerning the chemical identification and the anti-inflammatory activity of both PMFs and HPMFs. In particular, all of the chemical entities unambiguously identified by isolation and complete NMR analysis, and for which a biochemical evaluation on the pure compound was performed, are included in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Fontana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Sottile
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Centro di Conservazione della Biodiversità di Interesse Agrario, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 14, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Natale Badalamenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Liu Z, Cheng S, Liu XQ, Kuča K, Hashem A, Al-Arjani ABF, Almutairi KF, Abd_Allah EF, Wu QS, Zou YN. Cloning of a CHS gene of Poncirus trifoliata and its expression in response to soil water deficit and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1101212. [PMID: 36605949 PMCID: PMC9807919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely found in plants with antioxidants, of which chalcone synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme required in flavonoid synthesis pathways. The objective of this study was to clone a CHS gene from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and analyze its biological information and partial functions. A PtCHS gene (NCBI accession: MZ350874) was cloned from the genome-wide of trifoliate orange, which has 1156 bp in length, encoding 391 amino acids, with a predicted protein relative molecular mass of 42640.19, a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.28, and a lipid coefficient of 89.82. The protein is stable, hydrophilic, and high sequence conservation (92.49% sequence homology with CHS gene of other species). PtCHS was highly expressed in stems, leaves and flowers, but very low expression in roots and seeds. Soil water deficit could up-regulate expressions of PtCHS in leaves. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Funneliformis mosseae, significantly increased plant biomass production, CHS activity, expressions of PtCHS, and total flavonoid content in leaves and roots, independent of soil water status. Total flavonoids were significantly positively correlated with PtCHS expression in leaves only and also positively with root mycorrhizal colonization. Such results provide insight into the important functions of PtCHS in trifoliate orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Shen Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid F. Almutairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Ying-Ning Zou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Peng Q, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Bao F, Deng J, Li W. Polymethoxyflavones from citrus peel: advances in extraction methods, biological properties, and potential applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5618-5630. [PMID: 36530054 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2156476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Citrus peel, as an effective component of citrus by-products, contains a large number of natural active components, including pectin, vitamins, dietary fiber, essential oil, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and so on. With the development of the circular economy, citrus peel has attracted extensive concern in the food industry. The exploitation of citrus peel would assist in excavating potential properties and alleviating the environmental burden. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) exist almost in citrus peel, which have remarkable biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity. Therefore, PMFs from citrus peel have the potential to develop as dietary supplements in the near future. Collectively, it is essential to take action to optimize the extraction conditions of PMFs and make the most of the extracts. This review mainly compiles several extraction methods and bioactivities of PMFs from citrus peel and introduces different applications including food processing, pharmaceutical industry, and plant rhizosphere to develop better utilization of citrus PMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Mingxuan Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance, and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance, and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Su S, Zhao D, Yuan B, Ma Y, Zhu S, Xu K, Lee G, Ho CT, Huang Q. Biosynthesis of 6- and 7-Mono-Demethylated Nobiletins by a Newly Isolated Strain of Yeast. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15439-15448. [PMID: 36454712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Demethylated nobiletins (DMNs), which are generally recognized as the metabolites of orally administered nobiletin, are widely investigated. However, studies related to 8-demethylated-nobiletin, 7-demethylated-nobiletin (7DMN), and 6-demethylated-nobiletin (6DMN) are limited due to the lack of a synthesis method. In this study, a strain of microbe able to metabolize nobiletin was isolated from aged orange peel. Internal transcribed spacers (ITS) rRNA sequencing analysis showed it belonged to the yeast family, Filobasidium magnum specie. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), HPLC-MS, and 13C NMR results proved that the metabolites were 7DMN and 6DMN. Growth curves of the isolated yeast were studied at different temperatures, media pH, NaCl, and glucose concentrations. Meanwhile, factors that influence the demethylation efficiencies were also investigated. This study lays the groundwork for the investigation of the biological functions of these two compounds and opens a new window for further research of the metabolic fate of nobiletin in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Su
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Denggao Zhao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Yanyan Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyue Zhu
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Kuangyu Xu
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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Tao R, Chen Q, Li Y, Guo L, Zhou Z. Physicochemical, nutritional, and phytochemical profile changes of fermented citrus puree from enzymatically hydrolyzed whole fruit under cold storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Miao W, Liu X, Li N, Bian X, Zhao Y, He J, Zhou T, Wu JL. Polarity-extended composition profiling via LC-MS-based metabolomics approaches: a key to functional investigation of Citrus aurantium L. Food Chem 2022; 405:134988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lakache Z, Hacib H, Aliboudhar H, Toumi M, Mahdid M, Lamrani N, Tounssi H, Kameli A. Chemical composition, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and toxicityactivities, of the essential oil of <em>Fortunella margarita</em> peels. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH - BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA SPERIMENTALE 2022. [DOI: 10.4081/jbr.2022.10641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the principal components of the essential oil extracted from Fortunella margarita peels via hydrodistillation and to evaluate in vitro its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and toxicity properties. Among the detected compounds were limonene, D-germacrene, β-myrcene, and α-pinene. Method of inhibiting the denaturation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was utilized to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of Fortunella margarita. At a concentration of 400g/mL, a high anti-inflammatory effect was observed. The percentage of BSA protection against heat increased with increasing concentration. Also, the evaluation of antidiabetic activity by glucose uptake by yeast cells revealed that Fortunella margarita was more effective than the standard drug novoformine in the presence of 5 mM glucose. The antioxidant potential of the essential oil was evaluated using the DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests, where the essential oil had much lower antioxidant activity. A bioassay on the lethality of brine shrimp was conducted to determine the toxicity of the essential oil. The study reveals that the essential oil is a possible source of important bioactive compounds and that its constituents may exhibit synergistic effects. Our findings suggest that the essential oil from Fortunella margarita could be used in the future as a substitute for synthetic anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents with potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Chen Q, Gu Y, Tan C, Sundararajan B, Li Z, Wang D, Zhou Z. Comparative effects of five polymethoxyflavones purified from Citrus tangerina on inflammation and cancer. Front Nutr 2022; 9:963662. [PMID: 36159482 PMCID: PMC9493082 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.963662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the Citrus tangerina cultivar “Dahongpao” (CTD) has been established as a rich source of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, their individual effects on cellular signaling remain to be elucidated. In this study, five major PMFs from the peel of CTD were isolated, including sinensetin, tetramethyl-O-scutellarin (5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone), nobiletin (5,6,7,8,3′, 4′-hexamethoxyflavone), tangeretin (5,6,7,8,4′-pentamethoxyflavone), and 5-demethylnobiletin (5-OH-6,7,8,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavone). These PMFs were found to significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit the production of NO and biomarkers of chronic inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6). Additionally, they effectively suppressed mRNA biomarkers of acute inflammation (Cox-2 and iNOS), and to varying degrees promoted the activation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, TNF-β, and IL-10). Among the five PMFs, tangeretin was found to have a considerable anti-proliferative effect on tumor cell lines (PC-3 and DU145) and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of mitoxantrone, partially via activation of the PTEN/AKT pathway. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the activity of different PMF monomers and advance the understanding of the roles of PMFs in promoting apoptotic and anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Balasubramani Sundararajan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Wang
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- The Southwest Institute of Fruits Nutrition, Chongqing, China
- Zhiqin Zhou
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Xin Y, Zheng T, Zhang M, Zhang R, Zhu S, Li D, Zhao D, Ma Y, Ho CT, Huang Q. Demethylnobiletin and its major metabolites: Efficient preparation and mechanism of their anti-proliferation activity in HepG2 cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yu Y, Liu Q, Wang C, Zhang D, Jiang B, Shan Y, Fu F, Ding S. Zein/pullulan complex colloidal particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions for oral delivery of polymethoxylated flavones: protection effect and in vitro digestion. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3952-3963. [PMID: 34958458 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) show multiple biological functions, while their high hydrophobicity leads to a low bioaccessibility and limits their wide applications. The design of a reasonable food-grade drug delivery system is an effective strategy to improve the low bioaccessibility of PMFs. In this study, sinensetin, tangeretin and nobiletin were encapsulated in Pickering emulsions stabilized by zein/pullulan complex colloidal particles (ZPPs), and the protection effect and in vitro digestion were characterized. RESULTS Rheological analysis revealed that ZPP-Pickering emulsion loading with PMFs maintained a strong gel-like network structure. Moreover, the ability to scavenge free radicals of PMFs was improved by the emulsion delivery system. The antioxidant activity of PMFs encapsulated in Pickering emulsion was positively correlated with the oil volume fraction (φ). ZPP-Pickering emulsion loading with PMFs can effectively delay lipid oxidation, and the φ (70%) of Pickering emulsion showed the most pronounced effects, in which the lipid hydroperoxide content and malondialdehyde content decreased by 64.3% and 38.3% after 15 days of storage, compared with the bulk oil group, respectively. The bioaccessibility of the three PMFs has been increased by ZPP-Pickering emulsion simultaneously and it presented the highest values as its φ was 50%, in which the bioaccessibility of sinensetin, tangeretin and nobiletin increased by 2.5, 3.2 and 3.9 times, compared with the bulk oil group, respectively. CONCLUSION Pickering emulsion stabilized by ZPPs is an excellent nutrient delivery system for delivering three PMFs simultaneously and imparting functional properties to bioactive delivery systems. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Fuhua Fu
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Shenghua Ding
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Quality and Safety, Changsha, China
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Liu S, Li Y, Fang H, Huang B, Zhao C, Sun C, Li S, Chen K. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of MATE gene family in citrus fruit (Citrus clementina). Genomics 2022; 114:110446. [PMID: 35953015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins are a class of secondary active multidrug transporters. In plants, this family has significantly expanded and is involved in numerous plant physiological processes. Although MATE proteins have been identified in an increasing number of species, the understanding about this family in citrus remains unclear. In this study, a total of 69 MATE transporters were identified in the citrus genome (Citrus clementina) and classified into four groups by phylogenetic analysis. Tandem and segmental duplication events were the main causes of the citrus MATE family expansion. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses were performed during citrus fruit development. The results indicated that CitMATE genes showed specific expression profiles in citrus peels and flesh at different developmental stages. Combined with the variations of flavonoids and citrate levels in citrus fruit, we suggested that CitMATE43 and CitMATE66 may be involved in the transport process of flavonoids and citrate in citrus fruit, respectively. In addition, two flavonoids positive regulators, CitERF32 and CitERF33, both directly bind to and activated the CitMATE43 promoter. Our results provide comprehensive information on citrus MATE genes and valuable understanding for the flavonoids and citrate metabolism in citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Liu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yinchun Li
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Heting Fang
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Boyu Huang
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chenning Zhao
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chongde Sun
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shaojia Li
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Cheng L, Wang F, Cao Y, Tong C, Wei Q, Shi S, Guo Y. Rapid profiling of potential antitumor polymethoxylated flavonoids in natural products by integrating cell biospecific extraction with neutral loss/diagnostic ion filtering-based high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:895-905. [PMID: 35668040 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (CRPV, Qing Pi in Chinese) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs), which are a special group of flavonoids with strong antitumor activity, are broadly distributed in citrus peels. However, systematic investigation of antitumor PMFs in CRPV has received little attention to date. OBJECTIVES An MCF-7 cell biospecific extraction method integrated with neutral loss/diagnostic ion filtering-based HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS strategy was developed for rapid and specific profiling of antitumor PMFs and systematic identification of PMFs in CRPV. METHODOLOGY By incubating MCF-7 cells with CRPV extract, potential antitumor PMFs specifically bound to cells and were isolated. Then, by systematic investigation of fragmentation pathways, neutral loss and diagnostic ion filtering strategies were proposed to comprehensively and accurately identify PMFs. RESULTS Sixteen antitumor PMFs were unambiguously or tentatively identified. Among them, minor compound 15 (5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone with a free hydroxyl group at C-5) exhibited excellent antitumor activity, with an IC50 value of 2.81 ± 0.76 μg/mL, which is lower than that of 5-fluorouracil (IC50 , 4.92 ± 0.83 μg/mL). Nobiletin (12) and tangeretin (16), two major PMFs, presented moderate antitumor activities with IC50 values of 13.06 ± 1.85 and 17.07 ± 1.18 μg/mL, respectively, and their contents were sensitively and precisely determined. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the systematic investigation of antitumor PMFs in CRPV. The study will lay a foundation for the quality control and clinical application of CRPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine under Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine under Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanxin Cao
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Guangxi Baise High-tech Development Zone, Baise, China
| | - Chaoying Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qisheng Wei
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Guangxi Baise High-tech Development Zone, Baise, China
| | - Shuyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine under Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Guangxi Baise High-tech Development Zone, Baise, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, China
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Lai C, Liang Y, Gao L, Kaliaperumal K, Jiang Y. Nutraceutical potential of navel orange peel in diabetes management: The chemical profile, antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory and antiglycation effects of its flavonoids. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu S, Lou Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Li P, Yang B, Gu Q. Review of phytochemical and nutritional characteristics and food applications of Citrus L. fruits. Front Nutr 2022; 9:968604. [PMID: 35923210 PMCID: PMC9339955 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.968604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the dietary regimen rich in fruits is being widely recognized and encouraged, Citrus L. fruits have been growing in popularity worldwide due to their high amounts of health-promoting phytonutrients and bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins, carotenoids, pectins, and fatty acids. The diverse physicochemical properties and multiple utilization of citrus fruits in food industry are associated with their unique chemical compositions. Throughout the world, citrus has been used for producing various value-added and nutritionally enhanced products, including juices, wines, jams, canned citrus, and dried citrus. However, the current studies regarding the phytochemical and nutritional characteristics and food applications of citrus are scattered. This review systematically summarizes the existing bibliography on the chemical characteristics, functional and nutraceutical benefits, processing, and potential applications of citrus. A thorough understanding of this information may provide scientific guidance for better utilizing citrus as a functional fruit and benefit the extension of citrus value chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixian Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baoru Yang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Gu
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Baek S, Jang MG, Kim JW, Ko HC, Nam MH, Hur SP, Park SA, Kim SJ. Polymethoxyflavone-rich Fraction from Citrus sunki Leaves Alleviates Renal Dysfunction in Mice with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221109412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are flavonoid compounds present in citrus plants that are proposed to be advantageous to human health. However, the advantageous effects of PMFs in the context of renal dysfunction are unclear. In this study, we made a PMF-rich fraction (PRF) from the leaves of Citrus sunki Hort ex. Tanaka and identified its components using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. We then investigated the effect of PRF—comprising 9 types of PMF—on renal dysfunction induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice. Animals were divided into four experimental groups ( n = 7 per group): I) sham-operated group (Sham); II) UUO group (UUO); III) UUO + Enalapril 0.1 mg/1 mL (UUO + Enap); IV) UUO + PRF 100 mg/kg/day (UUO + PRF). All mice were orally administered with the drugs once a day from 7 days before UUO to 1 week after UUO. After the experiments were over, serum and tissues were taken for biochemical and histological analysis. PRF promoted the recovery of body weight in the background of UUO. Biochemical and histological analysis revealed that PRF ameliorated UUO-induced renal dysfunction and moderately reversed inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Further, PRF inhibited the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), collagen I (Col-I), and collagen IV (Col-IV). These results suggest that PRF improves UUO-induced renal dysfunction by regulating the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic response-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyee Baek
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Mi Gyeong Jang
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hee Chul Ko
- Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Nam
- Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Hur
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Jeju, Korea
| | - Soo Ah Park
- In Vivo Research Center, Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Se-Jae Kim
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Liu M, Zhang Z, Qin C, Lv B, Mo S, Lan T, Gao B. Effects of 4-Week Tangeretin Supplementation on Cortisol Stress Response Induced by High-Intensity Resistance Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:886254. [PMID: 35665223 PMCID: PMC9160924 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.886254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 4-week tangeretin supplementation on the cortisol stress response induced by high-intensity resistance exercise. Methods: A randomized controlled trial of twenty-four soccer players was conducted during the winter training season. The experimental group (EG) took the oral supplement with tangeretin (200 mg/day) and the control group (CG) took placebo for 4 weeks. Before and after the 4-week intervention, all players performed a high intensity bout of resistance exercise to stimulate their cortisol stress responses. Serum cortisol, adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were obtained by collecting blood samples before (PRE), immediately after (P0), and 10 (P10), 20 (P20) and 30 minutes (P30) after the exercise. Results: The serum cortisol level (PRE, p = 0.017; P10, p = 0.010; P20, p = 0.014; P30, p = 0.007) and ACTH (P10, p = 0.037; P30, p = 0.049) of experimental group significantly decreased after the 4-week intervention. Compared with control group, EG displayed a significantly lower level of the serum cortisol (PRE, p = 0.036; P10, p = 0.031) and ACTH (P30, p = 0.044). Additionally, EG presented significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity level compared with CG at P30 (p = 0.044). The white blood cell of EG decreased significantly (PRE, p = 0.037; P30, p = 0.046) and was significantly lower than CG at P20 (p = 0.01) and P30 (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Four-week tangeretin supplementation can reduce serum cortisol and ACTH, which may ameliorate the cortisol stress response in soccer players during high-intensity resistance exercise training. It can also enhance antioxidant capacity, accelerate the elimination of inflammation throughout the body, and shorten recovery time after high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Chongqing Institute of Sport Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunli Qin
- Chongqing Institute of Sport Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingqiang Lv
- Chongqing Institute of Sport Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwei Mo
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Shiwei Mo, ; Tao Lan, ; Binghong Gao,
| | - Tao Lan
- Sports and Art Department, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Shiwei Mo, ; Tao Lan, ; Binghong Gao,
| | - Binghong Gao
- College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shiwei Mo, ; Tao Lan, ; Binghong Gao,
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Hussain H, Mamadalieva NZ, Hussain A, Hassan U, Rabnawaz A, Ahmed I, Green IR. Fruit Peels: Food Waste as a Valuable Source of Bioactive Natural Products for Drug Discovery. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1960-1994. [PMID: 35678663 PMCID: PMC9164088 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits along with vegetables are crucial for a balanced diet. These not only have delicious flavors but are also reported to decrease the risk of contracting various chronic diseases. Fruit by-products are produced in huge quantity during industrial processing and constitute a serious issue because they may pose a harmful risk to the environment. The proposal of employing fruit by-products, particularly fruit peels, has gradually attained popularity because scientists found that in many instances peels displayed better biological and pharmacological applications than other sections of the fruit. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of fruit peel extracts and natural products obtained in food industries along with their other potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: or (H.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan;
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: or (H.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Uzma Hassan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Aisha Rabnawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan;
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK;
| | - Ivan R. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa;
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The Protective Effects of Sour Orange ( Citrus aurantium L.) Polymethoxyflavones on Mice Irradiation-Induced Intestinal Injury. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061934. [PMID: 35335298 PMCID: PMC8948989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) is one of the biological sources of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), which are often used to deal with gastrointestinal diseases. The intestine is highly sensitive to irradiation damage. However, limited certain cures have been released for irradiation-induced gastrointestinal injury, and the potentials of sour orange PMFs as radio-resistance agents have not been fully discussed yet. The present study aims to (1) investigate the PMF components in 12 sour orange cultivars, (2) determine the protective effects of PMFs on irradiation-induced intestinal injury by treating mice that received 12 Gy abdominal irradiation with different doses of PMFs and observing the changes in organ indexes and pathological sections and (3) test cytotoxicity of PMFs by CCK-8 method. The results showed that sour orange PMFs appeared to have high intraspecies similarity. Besides, PMFs protected mice from irradiation-induced injury by alleviating body weight loss, reliving organ index changing and maintaining the intestinal structure. Finally, IC50 concentrations to cell line CCD 841 CoN of PMFs and nobiletin were calculated as 42.23 μg/mL and 51.58 μg/mL, respectively. Our study uncovered PMF contents in 12 sour orange materials and determined the protective effects on irradiation-induced intestinal injuries, providing guidance for the utilization of sour orange resources.
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Zheng Y, Zeng X, Guan M, Xie S, Peng W, Su W. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based Metabolite Profiling of Ganpu Tea in Rat Urine and Feces. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221084630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganpu tea is a novel type of beverage produced from Pu-erh tea stuffed in the pericarp of Citrus reticulata “Chachi”. It has gained considerable popularity in China owing to its inviting flavor and health effects. However, the in vivo metabolites of Ganpu tea, which may contribute to its overall health effects, are still unclear. In the present work, rat urine and feces samples were collected after oral administration of Ganpu tea extract (GTE), and then subjected to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)-based metabolite profiling. As a result, 27 prototype compounds and 41 metabolites derived from caffeic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, xanthine, catechin, polymethoxyflavone, (PMF) flavanone, and flavone were identified in rat urine and feces. Based on the detected metabolites, the ingested prototype compounds derived from Ganpu tea were found to undergo extensive phase II metabolism in rats, especially and sulfation. These results will be valuable for interpreting the health effects of Ganpu tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zheng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyi Guan
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiting Xie
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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45
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Jin YJ, Jang MG, Kim JW, Baek S, Ko HC, Hur SP, Kim SJ. Anti-Obesity Effects of Polymethoxyflavone-Rich Fraction from Jinkyool (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tanaka) Leaf on Obese Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040865. [PMID: 35215514 PMCID: PMC8878017 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are flavonoids exclusively found in certain citrus fruits and have been reported to be beneficial to human health. Most studies have been conducted with PMFs isolated from citrus peels, while there is no study on PMFs isolated from leaves. In this study, we prepared a PMF-rich fraction (PRF) from the leaves of Citrus sunki Hort ex. Tanaka (Jinkyool) and investigated whether the PRF could improve metabolic decline in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks. The HFD-induced obese mice were assigned into HFD, OR (HFD + orlistat at 15.6 mg/kg of body weight/day), and PRF (HFD + 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of body weight/day) groups. Orlistat and PRF were orally administered for 5 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the serum biochemical parameters, histology, and gene expression profiles in the tissues of each group were analyzed. The body weight gain of the obese mice was significantly reduced after orlistat and PRF administration for 5 weeks. PRF effectively improved HFD-induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Histological analysis in the liver demonstrated that PRF decreased adipocyte size and potentially improved the liver function, as it inhibited the incidence of fatty liver. PRF activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, liver transcriptome analysis revealed that PRF administration enriched genes mainly related to fatty-acid metabolism and immune responses. Overall, these results suggest that the PRF exerted an anti-obesity effect via the modulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Jun Jin
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Mi-Gyeong Jang
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju Nation University, Jeju 63423, Korea; (M.-G.J.); (J.-W.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju Nation University, Jeju 63423, Korea; (M.-G.J.); (J.-W.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Songyee Baek
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju Nation University, Jeju 63423, Korea; (M.-G.J.); (J.-W.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Hee-Chul Ko
- Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - Sung-Pyo Hur
- Jeju International Marine Science Research & Logistics Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Gujwa, Jeju 63349, Korea;
| | - Se-Jae Kim
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju Nation University, Jeju 63423, Korea; (M.-G.J.); (J.-W.K.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3529
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Chen YY, Liang JJ, Wang DL, Chen JB, Cao JP, Wang Y, Sun CD. Nobiletin as a chemopreventive natural product against cancer, a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6309-6329. [PMID: 35089821 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As a leading cause of death, second only to heart disease, cancer has always been one of the burning topics in medical research. When targeting multiple signal pathways in tumorigenesis chemoprevention, using natural or synthetic anti-cancer drugs is a vital strategy to reduce cancer damage. However, toxic effects, multidrug resistance (MDR) as well as cancer stem cells (CSCs) all prominently limited the clinical application of conventional anticancer drugs. With low side effects, strong biological activity, unique mechanism, and wide range of targets, natural products derived from plants are considered significant sources for new drug development. Nobiletin is one of the most attractive compounds, a unique flavonoid primarily isolated from the peel of citrus fruits. Numerous studies in vitro and in vivo have suggested that nobiletin and its derivatives possess the eminent potential to become effective cancer chemoprevention agents through various cellular and molecular levels. This article aims to comprehensively review the anticancer efficacy and specific mechanisms of nobiletin, enhancing our understanding of its chemoprevention properties and providing the latest research findings. At the end of this review, we also give some discussion and future perspectives regarding the challenges and opportunities in nobiletin efficient exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Liang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deng-Liang Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Quzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Quzhou, China
| | - Jie-Biao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong-De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bioactive Compounds of Citrus Fruits: A Review of Composition and Health Benefits of Carotenoids, Flavonoids, Limonoids, and Terpenes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020239. [PMID: 35204122 PMCID: PMC8868476 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains contributes to the reduced risk of many diseases related to metabolic syndrome, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and cancer. Citrus, the genus Citrus L., is one of the most important fruit crops, rich in carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenes, limonoids, and many other bioactive compounds of nutritional and nutraceutical value. Moreover, polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), a unique class of bioactive flavonoids, abundantly occur in citrus fruits. In addition, citrus essential oil, rich in limonoids and terpenes, is an economically important product due to its potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and flavoring properties. Mechanistic, observational, and intervention studies have demonstrated the health benefits of citrus bioactives in minimizing the risk of metabolic syndrome. This review provides a comprehensive view of the composition of carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenes, and limonoids of citrus fruits and their associated health benefits.
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48
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Chen Q, Wang D, Gu Y, Jiang Z, Zhou Z. Tangeretin prevents obesity by modulating systemic inflammation, fat browning, and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 101:108943. [PMID: 35017003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and associated comorbidities are closely linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis, energy balance, and chronic inflammation. Tangeretin, a key citrus polymethoxylated flavone (PMF), is abundant in citrus fruits and has preventative and therapeutic effects for numerous diseases. The current study investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of tangeretin supplementation in preventing obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Treatment of HFD-fed mice with tangeretin potently ameliorated HFD-induced body weight, liver steatosis, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Tangeretin mitigated systemic chronic inflammation by reducing metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation-related gene expression in HFD-fed mice. An increased number of small brown adipocytes possessing multilocular and cytoplasmic lipid droplets and upregulation of thermogenic gene expression were observed after tangeretin treatment. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing indicated that tangeretin markedly altered the gut microbiota composition (richness and diversity) and reversed 16 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) back to levels seen in mice consuming a normal chow diet (NCD). Notably, tangeretin decreased the ratio of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes and greatly enriched Bacteroides and Lactobacillus. Overall, our results suggest that long-term supplementation with citrus tangeretin ameliorates the phenotype of obesity by improving adipose thermogenesis and reducing systemic inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis, which provides a good basis for studying the mechanism of tangeretin's beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zixiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; The Southwest Institute of Fruits Nutrition, Banan District, Chongqing 400054, China.
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Eom T, Choi JH, Kim J, Kim J, Unno T. Dichloromethane fraction of Citrus grandis induces apoptosis in a human colorectal cancer cell lines via apoptotic signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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50
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Dorado C, Bowman KD, Cameron RG, Manthey JA, Bai J, Ferguson KL. Steam Explosion (STEX) of Citrus × Poncirus Hybrids with Exceptional Tolerance to Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus (CLas) as Useful Sources of Volatiles and Other Commercial Products. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1285. [PMID: 34943201 PMCID: PMC8698310 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Florida citrus production has declined 75% due to Huanglongbing (HLB), a disease caused by the pathogenic bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Methods to combat CLas are costly and only partially effective. The cross-compatible species Poncirus trifoliata and some of its hybrids are known to be highly tolerant to CLas, and thus can potentially serve as an alternative feedstock for many citrus products. To further investigate the commercial potential of citrus hybrids, three citrus hybrids, US-802, US-897, and US-942, were studied for their potential as feedstocks for citrus co-products using steam explosion (STEX) followed by water extraction. Up to 93% of sugars were recovered. US-897 and US-942 have similar volatile profiles to that of the commercial citrus fruit types and as much as 85% of these volatiles could be recovered. Approximately 80% of the pectic hydrocolloids present in all three hybrids could be obtained in water washes of STEX material. Of the phenolics identified, the flavanone glycosides, i.e., naringin, neohesperidin, and poncirin were the most abundant quantitatively in these hybrids. The ability to extract a large percentage of these compounds, along with their inherent values, make US-802, US-897, and US-942 potentially viable feedstock sources for citrus co-products in the current HLB-blighted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dorado
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (K.D.B.); (R.G.C.); (J.A.M.); (J.B.); (K.L.F.)
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