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Huang J, Wang H, Xue X, Zhang R. Impacts of microplastic and seawater acidification on unicellular red algae: Growth response, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes, and extracellular polymer substances. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106960. [PMID: 38761586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution and seawater acidification have increasingly become huge threats to the ocean ecosystem. Their impacts on microalgae are of great importance, since microalgae are the main primary producers and play a critical role in marine ecosystems. However, the impact of microplastics and acidification on unicellular red algae, which have a unique phycobiliprotein antenna system, remains unclear. Therefore, the impacts of polystyrene-MPs alone and the combined effects of MPs and seawater acidification on the typical unicellular marine red algae Porphyridium purpureum were investigated in the current study. The result showed that, under normal seawater condition, microalgae densities were increased by 17.75-41.67 % compared to the control when microalgae were exposed to small-sized MPs (0.1 μm) at concentrations of 5-100 mg L-1. In addition, the photosystem II and antioxidant enzyme system were not subjected to negative effects. The large-sized MPs (1 μm) boosted microalgae growth at a low concentration of MPs (5 mg L-1). However, it was observed that microalgae growth was significantly inhibited when MPs concentration increased up to 50 and 100 mg L-1, accompanied by the remarkably reduced Fv/Fm value and the elevated levels of SOD, CAT enzymes, phycoerythrin (PE), and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). Compared to the normal seawater condition, microalgae densities were enhanced by 52.11-332.56 % under seawater acidification, depending on MPs sizes and concentrations, due to the formed CO2-enrichment condition and appropriate pH range. PE content in microalgal cells was significantly enhanced, but SOD and CAT activities as well as EPS content markedly decreased under acidification conditions. Overall, the impacts of seawater acidification were more pronounced than MPs impacts on microalgae growth and physiological responses. These findings will contribute to a substantial understanding of the effects of MPs on marine unicellular red microalgae, especially in future seawater acidification scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.
| | - Hanlong Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Xiwen Xue
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Ruizeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
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2
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Hwang G, Kim D. Transport and retention of positively charged zinc oxide nanoparticles in saturated porous media: Effects of metal oxides and clays. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124007. [PMID: 38677461 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The effects of metal oxides and clays on the transport of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in saturated porous media were investigated under different ionic strength (IS) conditions. We studied the transport and retention behavior of ZnO-NPs for different types of porous media (untreated, acid treated, and acid-salt treated sand). The selected untreated sand was used as a representative sand, coated with both metal oxide and clay. The acid treated and acid-salt-treated sands were used and compared to investigate the effects of clays on the surface of the sand. In addition, the effects of clay particles in bulk solutions on the mobility and retention of ZnO-NPs were observed using bentonite as a representative clay particle. We found that the increased mobility of positively charged ZnO-NPs can be attributed to increasing charge heterogeneity of silica sand with metal oxides (mainly, iron oxide) and clays in untreated sand. No breakthrough of ZnO-NP was observed for acid-treated (presence of clays and absence of metal oxides) and acid-salt-treated sand (absence of both metal oxide and clays). Most of the injected ZnO-NPs were deposited on the surface of the sand near the column inlet. The transport of bentonite-facilitated ZnO-NPs was improved at the lowest IS (0.1 mM) (∼20%), whereas there was no difference in the mobility of ZnO-NPs at high IS solutions (1 mM and 10 mM). In particular, the breakthrough amount improved with increasing bentonite concentration. Classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek interactions help explain observed interactions between ZnO-NPs and sand as well as bentonite and sand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gukhwa Hwang
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Energy and Mineral Resources Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Resources Utilization Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea
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Pandey K, Verma DK, Singh A, Saha S. Architecture dependent transport behavior of iron (0) entrapped biodegradable polymeric particles for groundwater remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:141892. [PMID: 38615952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Polylactic acid based spherical particles with three architectural variations (Isotropic (P1), Semi porous (P2), and Janus (P3)) were employed to encapsulate zero valent iron nanoparticles (ZVINPs), and their performance was extensively evaluated in our previous studies. However, little was known about their transportability through saturated porous media of varying grain size kept under varying ionic strength. In this particular study, we aimed to investigate the architectural effect of polymeric particles (P1-P3) on their mobility through the sand column of varying grain size in presence of mono, di, and tri-valent ions of varying concentrations (25-200 mM (millimoles)). As per column breakthrough experiments (BTCs) using various types of sands, amphiphilic Janus type (P3) particles exhibited the maximum transportability among all the tested particles, irrespective of the nature of the sand. Owing to the narrower travel path, sands with lower porosity (31%) delayed the plateau by shifting it to a higher pore volume with a minimum retention of iron (C/Co: 0.94 for P3) in the column. The impact of mono (Na+, K+), di (Ca2+, Mg2+), and trivalent (Al3+) ions on their transportability was progressively increased from P3 to P1, especially at higher ionic concentrations (200 mM), with P3 being the most mobile particles (C/Co:0.54 for Al3+). Among all the ions, Al3+ exhibited maximum hindrance to their mobility through the sand column. This could be due to their strong charge screening effect coupled with cation bridging complex formation with moving particles. Experimental results obtained from BTCs were found to be well-fitted with a theoretical model based on advection-dispersion equation, showing minimum retention for P3 particles. Overall, it can be inferred that encapsulation of ZVINPs inside Janus particles (P3) with a right balance of amphiphilicity and highly negative surface charge would be required to achieve considerable transportability through sand aquifers to target contaminants in polluted groundwater existing under harsh conditions (high ionic concentrations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Pandey
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Verma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awaneesh Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.
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Chen K, Zhu J, Zhang Q, Shao J, Cui Y, Zhang A, Xie T. Co-transport behavior of Am(III) and natural colloids in the vadose zone sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:124006. [PMID: 38641036 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Americium (III) (Am(III)) in the natural environment is considered immobile due to its low solubility, strong adsorption, and high affinity to solid surfaces. However, the presence of natural colloids may carry Am(III) transport for long distance. The individual and co-transport behaviors of Am(III) and natural colloids through the unsaturated packed columns were investigated under the influence of pH, electrolyte concentration, velocity, Am(III) concentration and natural colloids concentration. Under all experimental conditions, Am(III) individual transport construct sight breakthrough curves (BTCs, CAm/C0 < 3%), but the presence of natural colloids increased the BTCs plateau of Am(III) significantly (30% < CAm/C0 < 80%), indicating that the colloids were able to promote Am(III) transport in the unsaturated porous media. DLVO theoretical calculations reveal that the increased pH and decreased electrolyte concentration lead to a rase in electrostatic repulsion, and the natural colloids tend to be dispersed and stabilized, which facilitates elution. In addition to this, the increase of velocity and colloids concentration will lead to greater breakthrough of natural colloids. The non-equilibrium two-site model and the two-site kinetic retention model well-described the BTCs of Am(III) and natural colloids, respectively. This study provide new insights into the behavior of natural colloids carrying the Am(III) into aquifers through the vadose zone sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Environmental Simulation and Evaluation Technology, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Qiulan Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jingli Shao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yali Cui
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Aiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Environmental Simulation and Evaluation Technology, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Environmental Simulation and Evaluation Technology, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, 030600, China
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Sun W, Xu N, Jiang W, Cheng G. Mechanistic insights into manganese oxide impacting the oxidation and transport of Cr(III) immobilized by nano-zero valent charged ion particles in water-saturated porous media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134050. [PMID: 38493629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The presence of manganese oxide (MnO2) could influence the stability of green-synthesized nano-zero valent iron (nZVI@GT) associated with trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) after its excess application in the in situ remediation of hexachromium (Cr(VI)) contaminated soil. The research findings revealed that the co-transport of the remaining nZVI@GT with Cr(III) was substantially inhibited by high δ-MnO2 concentrations due to the formation of hetero-aggregates between nZVI@GT and δ-MnO2, resulting in an increased irreversible attachment parameter at second-site in a two-site kinetic attachment model. Simultaneously, the Cr(III) complex immobilized on nZVI@GT could be oxidized leading to high levels of Cr(VI) leaching at high δ-MnO2 concentrations. During this process, Mn(IV) was converted to Mn(III)/Mn(II). Subsequently, leachate containing a partial amount of Cr(VI) preferentially adsorbed onto the nZVI@GT surface, enhancing the dispersion of the nZVI@GT and δ-MnO2 agglomerates. Thereafter, nZVI@GT transportability was enhanced with a decreased second-site attachment parameter and the flow content of dissolved Cr(VI) was increased to double, also increasing the potential risk of Cr(VI) being carried by nZVI@GT to underground water systems. This study provides theoretical support for preserving the long-term stability of nZVI@GT after the in situ remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites in the presence of δ-MnO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Nan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Gongbi Cheng
- Jiangsu Gaiya Environmental S&T Corp, Suzhou 215000, China
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Mondal A, Mumford K, Dubey BK, Arora M. Effect of solution chemistry on the sedimentation, dissolution, and aggregation of the bimetallic Fe/Cu nanoparticles pre- and post-grafted with carboxymethyl cellulose. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170966. [PMID: 38367731 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The suitability of iron-based nanomaterials or composites for in-situ remediation hinges on their physicochemical stability. Introducing surface modifications like metal doping or polymer grafting can regulate interparticle forces, influencing particle stability. Thus, probing how grafting methods (i.e., pre- or post-grafting) tune material properties controlling interparticle forces, comprehend the synergistic effect of metal doping and polymer grafting, and evaluate stability under varying geochemical conditions are the way forward in designing sustainable remediation strategies. To this end, time-dependent sedimentation, dissolution, and aggregation of four synthesized iron-based nanoparticles (bare iron (Fe), copper doped bimetallic iron/copper (Fe/Cu), pre- and post-grafted Fe/Cu with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) - CMCpre-Fe/Cu and CMCpost-Fe/Cu, respectively) were carried out as a function of solution chemistry (i.e., pH - 5 to 10, ionic strength, IS - 0 to 100 mM NaCl, initial particle concentration, C0-20 to 200 mg.L-1) mimicking geoenvironmental conditions. CMCpre-Fe/Cu exhibited markedly higher particle availability (> 91 %) against sedimentation than others (bare Fe/Cu (11.28 %) > bare Fe (7.33 %) > CMCpost-Fe/Cu (6.09 %)) - suggesting the pivotal role of grafting method on particle stability. XDLVO energy profiles revealed pre-grafting altered magnetic properties favoring surface charge-driven electrostatic repulsion over magnetic attraction, thereby limiting aggregation-induced particle settling. In contrast, superior magnetic force overrides the electrostatic behavior for bare and post-grafted particles. Unlike bare and post-grafted nanoparticles, CMCpre-Fe/Cu aggregate size correlated positively with [H+] and IS, consistent with their settling behavior. Rise in C0 showed a visible negative effect on particle aggregation and, thereby, sedimentation except for CMCpre-Fe/Cu by facilitating particle collision through Brownian movement. Both acidic pH and copper doping promoted nanoparticle dissolution, whereas pre-grafting can provide a plausible solution against nanoparticle toxicity and loss of reactivity due to ionic release. To recapitulate, these findings are imperative in building a sustainable framework for environmental remediation application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Mondal
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Kathryn Mumford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Brajesh K Dubey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Wang J, Tan L, Li Q, Wang J. Toxic effects of nSiO 2 and mPS on diatoms Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106298. [PMID: 38101202 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the toxic mechanism of SiO2 nanoparticles (nSiO2) and polystyrene microplastics (mPS) on microalgae Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima, growth inhibition tests were carried out. The growth and biological responses of the algae exposed to nSiO2 (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 30 mg L-1) and mPS (1, 5, 10, 30 and 75 mg L-1) were explored in f/2 media for 96 h. Both micro-/nano-particles (MNPs) inhibited the growth of N. closterium f. minutissima in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The toxic effect of mPS on N. closterium f. minutissima is higher than that of nSiO2, because silicon is essential for diatoms to maintain cell wall integrity, and the addition of appropriate amounts of nSiO2 can be absorbed and used as a nutrient to promote diatom growth and protect the integrity of the siliceous shell to some extent. Both MNPs induce the production of excess oxidation and activate the cellular antioxidant defense system, leading to increased SOD and CAT activity as a means to resist oxidative damage to the cell, and eliminating excess ROS and maintaining normal cell morphology and metabolism. SEM is consistent with the results of MDA, showing that mPS with high concentrations attach to the surface of algal cells to produce heterogeneous aggregates and disrupt the cell wall and cell membrane, causing the cells to expand and rupture. This study contributes to the understanding of the size effect of MNPs on the growth of marine diatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Wang T, Cao W, Wang Y, Qu C, Xu Y, Li H. Surface modification of quartz sand: A review of its progress and its effect on heavy metal adsorption. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115179. [PMID: 37356400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Quartz sand (SiO2) is a prevalent filtration medium, boasting wide accessibility, superior stability, and cost-effectiveness. However, its utility is often curtailed by its sleek surface, limited active sites, and swift saturation of adsorption sites. This review outlines the prevalent strategies and agents for quartz sand surface modification and provides a comprehensive analysis of the various modification reagents and their operative mechanisms. It delves into the mechanism and utility of surface-modified quartz sand for adsorbing heavy metal ions (HMIs). It is found that the reported modifiers usually form connections with the surface of quartz sand through electrostatic forces, van der Waals forces, pore filling, chemical bonding, and/or molecular entanglement. The literature suggests that these modifications effectively address issues inherent to natural quartz sand, such as its low superficial coarseness, rapid adsorption site saturation, and limited adsorption capacity. Regrettably, comprehensive investigations into the particle size, regenerative capabilities, and application costs of surface-modified quartz sand and the critical factors for its wider adoption are lacking in most reports. The adsorption mechanisms indicate that surface-modified quartz sand primarily removes HMIs from aqueous solutions through surface complexation, ion exchange, and electrostatic and gravitational forces. However, these findings were derived under controlled laboratory conditions, and practical applications for treating real wastewater necessitate overcoming further laboratory-scale obstacles. Finally, this review outlines the limitations of partially surface modified quartz sand and suggests potential venues for future developments, providing a valuable reference for the advancement of cost-effective, HMI-absorbing, surface-modified quartz sand filter media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Weiyuan Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Handan Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Handan 056000, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Haixiang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China.
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Liu J, Zhao J, Louie SM, Gao X, Zhang P, Liang D, Hu Y. Comparative study on effects of pH, electrolytes, and humic acid on the stability of acetic and polyacrylic acid coated magnetite nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:137992. [PMID: 36720411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The poor colloidal stability of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) limits their mobility and application, so various organic coatings (OCs) were applied to MNPs. Here, a comparative study on the colloidal stability of MNPs coated with acetic (HAc) and polyacrylic acids (PAA) was conducted under varied pH (5.0-9.0) in the presence of different concentrations of cations and anions, as well as humic acid (HA). Comparing the effects of various cations and anions, the stability of both HAc/PAA-MNPs followed the order: Na+ > Ca2+and PO43- > SO42- > Cl-, which could be explained by their adsorption behaviors onto HAc/PAA-MNPs and the resulting surface charge changes. Under all conditions even with more anion adsorption onto HAc-MNPs (0.14-22.56 mg/g) than onto PAA-MNPs (0.04-18.34 mg/g), PAA-MNPs were more negatively charged than HAc-MNPs, as PAA has a lower pHIEP (2.6 ± 0.1) than that of HAc (3.7 ± 0.1). Neither the HAc nor PAA coatings were displaced by phosphate even at considerably high phosphate concentration. Compared with HAc-MNPs, the stability of PAA-MNPs was greatly improved under all studied conditions, which could be due to both stronger electrostatic and additional steric repulsion forces among PAA-MNPs. Besides, under all conditions, Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) explained well the aggregation kinetic of HAc-MNPs; while extended DLVO (EDLVO) successfully predict that of PAA-MNPs, indicating steric forces among PAA-MNPs. The aggregation of HAc/PAA-MNPs was all inhibited in varied electrolyte solutions by HA (2 mg C/L) addition. This study suggested that carboxyl coatings with higher molecular weights and pKa values could stabilize MNPs better due to stronger electrostatic and additional steric repulsion. However, in the presence of HA, these two forces were mainly controlled by adsorbed HA instead of the organic pre-coatings on MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology & Environmental Geology and School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Juntao Zhao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, United States; Benchmark Lab & Services, Houston, TX, 77092, United States
| | - Stacey M Louie
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, United States
| | - Xubo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology & Environmental Geology and School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Dongli Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yandi Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Chen B, Lv N, Xu W, Gong L, Sun T, Liang L, Gao B, He F. Transport of nanoscale zero-valent iron in saturated porous media: Effects of grain size, surface metal oxides, and sulfidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137512. [PMID: 36495971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the fate and transport of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in saturated porous media is crucial to the development of in situ remediation technologies. This work systematically compared the retention and transport of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modified nZVI (CMC-nZVI) and sulfidated nZVI (CMC-S-nZVI) particles in saturated columns packed with quartz sand of various grain sizes and different surface metal oxide coatings. Grain size reduction had an inhibitory effect on the transport of CMC-S-nZVI and CMC-nZVI due to increasing immobile zone deposition and straining in the columns. Metal oxide coatings had minor effect on the transport of CMC-S-nZVI and CMC-nZVI because the sand surface was coated by the free CMC in the suspensions, reducing the electrostatic attraction between the nZVI and surface metal oxides. CMC-S-nZVI displayed greater breakthrough (C/C0 = 0.82-0.90) and higher mass recovery (84.9%-89.3%) than CMC-nZVI (C/C0 = 0.70-0.80 and mass recovery = 70.9%-79.6%, respectively) under the same experimental conditions. A mathematical model based on the advection-dispersion equation simulated the experimental data of nZVI breakthrough curves very well. Findings of this study suggest sulfidation could enhance the transport of CMC-nZVI in saturated porous media with grain and surface heterogeneities, promoting its application in situ remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Neng Lv
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- Hangzhou Environmental Protection Science Research&Design Coltd, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Li Gong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Taoyu Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Liyuan Liang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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11
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Shen H, Zhong D, Xu Y, Chang H, Wang H, Xu C, Mou J, Zhong N. Polyacrylate stabilized ZVI/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles for removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:5847-5860. [PMID: 35984560 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a magnetic core-shell composite zero-valent iron/copper-polyacrylate (ZVI/Cu-PAA) was synthesized by a simple liquid-phase reduction process and used for hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) removal from wastewater. The optimization experiments show that the optimal dosages of polyacrylate and Cu are 7.00 wt% and 8.25 wt%, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity and removal rate of Cr(VI) by ZVI/Cu-PAA reached 106.12 mg g-1 and 99.05% at pH 5.5, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of coexisting ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and NO3- had no significant effect on its Cr(VI) removal performance. The excellent performance of ZVI/Cu-PAA is attributed to that the modification of polyacrylate can not only give more active sites but also inhibit agglomeration of nano-metallic particles, while Cu doping promotes the electron generation and transformation of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycles. This makes ZVI/Cu-PAA has rich active sites and excellent stability, and has broad application prospects in the remediation of Cr (VI) polluted wastewater. The magnetic core-shell composite ZVI/Cu-PAA has excellent Cr (VI) removal performance because of its rich active sites and high electron transformation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Dengjie Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
| | - Yunlan Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Haixing Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Chunzi Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jiaxing Mou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Nianbing Zhong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
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12
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Parsai T, Figueiredo N, Dalvi V, Martins M, Malik A, Kumar A. Implication of microplastic toxicity on functioning of microalgae in aquatic system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119626. [PMID: 35716891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) released from both primary and secondary sources affect the functioning of aquatic system. These MPs and components leached, can interact with aquatic organisms of all trophic levels, including the primary producers, such as microalgae. Considering the ecological value of microalgae and the toxicological effects of MPs towards them, this review provides: (1) a detailed understanding of the interactions between MPs and microalgae in the complex natural environment; (2) a discussion about the toxic effects of single type and mixtures of plastic particles on the microalgae cells, and (3) a discussion about the impacts of MPs on various features of microalgae -based bioremediation technology. For this purpose, toxic effects of MPs on various microalgal species were compiled and plastic components of MPs were ranked on the basis of their toxic effects. Based on available data, ranking for various plastic components was found to be: Polystyrene (PS) (rank 1) > Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) > Polypropylene (PP) > Polyethylene (PE) (rank 4). Furthermore, the review suggested the need to understand joint toxicity of MPs along with co-contaminants on microalgae as the presence of other pollutants along with MPs might affect microalgae differently. In-depth investigations are required to check the impact of MPs on microalgae-based wastewater treatment technology and controlling factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Parsai
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
| | - Neusa Figueiredo
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vivek Dalvi
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Marta Martins
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
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13
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Tian Y, Lu X, Hou J, Xu J, Zhu L, Lin D. Application of α-Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles in controlling antibiotic resistance gene transport and interception in porous media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155271. [PMID: 35447184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) with a large specific surface area are expected to bind with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), thereby controlling ARGs' contamination by reducing their concentration and mobilization. Here, adsorption experiments were carried out and it was found that α-Fe2O3 NPs could chemically bind with ARGs (tetM-carrying plasmids) in water with an adsorption rate of 0.04 min-1 and an adsorption capacity of 7.88 g/kg. Mixing α-Fe2O3 NPs into quartz sand column markedly increased the interceptive removal of ARGs from inflow water. The interception rate of 1.0 μg/mL ARGs in ultrapure water (25 mL, 5 pore volumes) through the sand column (plexiglass, length 8 cm, internal diameter 1.4 cm) with 1 g/kg α-Fe2O3 NPs was 1.73 times of that through the pure sand column; the interception rate overall increased with increasing addition of α-Fe2O3 NPs, reaching 68.8% with 20 g/kg α-Fe2O3 NPs. Coexisting Na+ (20 mM), Ca2+ (20 mM), and acidic condition (pH 4.0) could further increase the interception rate of ARGs by 1 g/kg α-Fe2O3 NPs from 21.1% to 86.2%, 90.7%, and 96.2%, respectively. The presence of PO43- and humic acid at environmentally relevant concentrations would not significantly affect the interception of ARGs. In the treatment groups with PO43- and humic acid, the removal rate decreased by only 1.8% and 0.1%, respectively. In addition, the interceptive removal of ARGs by α-Fe2O3 NPs-incorporated sand column was even better in actual surface water samples (87.2%) than that in the ultrapure water (21.1%). The findings provide a promising approach to treat ARGs-polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinye Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China.
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Mlih R, Liang Y, Zhang M, Tombácz E, Bol R, Klumpp E. Transport and Retention of Poly(Acrylic Acid-co-Maleic Acid) Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles in Porous Media: Effect of Input Concentration, Ionic Strength and Grain Size. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091536. [PMID: 35564244 PMCID: PMC9103219 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the physicochemical factors affecting nanoparticle transport in porous media is critical for their environmental application. Water-saturated column experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of input concentration (Co), ionic strength (IS), and sand grain size on the transport of poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) coated magnetite nanoparticles (PAM@MNP). Mass recoveries in the column effluent ranged from 45.2 to 99.3%. The highest relative retention of PAM@MNP was observed for the lowest Co. Smaller Co also resulted in higher relative retention (39.8%) when IS increased to 10 mM. However, relative retention became much less sensitive to solution IS as Co increased. The high mobility is attributed to the PAM coating provoking steric stability of PAM@MNP against homoaggregation. PAM@MNP retention was about 10-fold higher for smaller grain sizes, i.e., 240 µm and 350 µm versus 607 µm. The simulated maximum retained concentration on the solid phase (Smax) and retention rate coefficient (k1) increased with decreasing Co and grain sizes, reflecting higher retention rates at these parameters. The study revealed under various IS for the first time the high mobility premise of polymer-coated magnetite nanoparticles at realistic (<10 mg L−1) environmental concentrations, thereby highlighting an untapped potential for novel environmental PAM@MNP application usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Mlih
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Centre Juelich (FZJ), 52425 Juelich, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, Biology 5, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Miaoyue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Etelka Tombácz
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, H-8800 Nagykanizsa, Hungary
| | - Roland Bol
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Centre Juelich (FZJ), 52425 Juelich, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Centre Juelich (FZJ), 52425 Juelich, Germany
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15
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Zhang M, He L, Zhang X, Wang S, Zhang B, Hsieh L, Yang K, Tong M. Improved removal performance of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in sand filtration system with arginine modified biochar amendment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118006. [PMID: 35032874 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial removal by sand filtration system is commonly inefficient due to the low bacterial adsorption capacity of sand. To improve the bacterial removal performance, biochar fabricated at different temperatures (400 °C, 550 °C and 700 °C) and arginine modified biochar were added into sand filtration columns as filter layers (0.5 and 1 wt%). Addition of biochar into sand columns could improve the removal efficiency for both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis under both slow (4 m/day) and fast (240 m/day) filtration conditions. Bacterial removal efficiency in sand columns with the addition of biochar fabricated at 700 °C were higher than those fabricated at 400 °C and 550 °C due to its best bacterial adsorption capacity. Modification of biochar with arginine could further improve the bacterial removal performance. Specifically, complete bacterial removal (1.35 × 107 ± 10% cells/mL) could be achieved under both slow and fast filtration conditions in sand columns with 1 wt% arginine functionalized biochar amendment. The enhanced bacterial adsorption capacity mainly contributed to the increased bacterial capture performance in columns with addition of arginine-modified biochar. Bacteria more tightly bounded with arginine-modified biochar than bulk biochar. Moreover, complete bacterial removal with the copresence of 5 mg/L humic acid in suspensions was acquired in columns with addition of 1 wt% arginine-modified biochar. Efficient bacterial removal in actual river water, multiple filtration cycles as well as longtime injection duration (100 pore volumes injection) was also obtained. The results of this study demonstrated that arginine-modified biochar had great potential to treat water contaminated by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Lei He
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Boaiqi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Lichun Hsieh
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Meiping Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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16
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Wu W, Han L, Nie X, Gu M, Li J, Chen M. Effects of multiple injections on the transport of CMC-nZVI in saturated sand columns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147160. [PMID: 33901948 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The multiple injections of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) slurry, an efficient method to remediate contaminated groundwater, requires an accurate assessment of the transport and risks of these particles in saturated porous medium. However, the influencing mechanism of nZVI transport under multiple injection conditions is not fully understood. In this experimental study, one-dimensional sand columns were used to evaluate the effects of injection concentrations, particle sizes and surface chemical corrosion on the transport of carboxymethyl cellulose modified nZVI (CMC-nZVI) under triple injection conditions, where the different volumes of NaCl solution were flushed through the columns between the injections. Based on the breakthrough curves and retention profiles under flushing 4 pore volumes of NaCl solution between the injections, the transport of CMC-nZVI particles was gradually enhanced attributable to the exclusion among these particles at injection concentration of 200 mg/L, but the opposite was observed due to large aggregation caused by strong magnetic force among particles at 500 mg/L. However, the magnitudes of enhancement or reduction on maximum C/C0 under the above injection concentrations were related to the smallest particle size of Dh = 3.926 μm because of high particle number concentrations leading to intense competition on depositional sites at 200 mg/L and significant aggregation at 500 mg/L. Conversely, the transport of CMC-nZVI was reduced under flushing 76 pore volumes of NaCl solution between the injections because of pronounced corrosion of CMC-nZVI in water as evidenced by the XPS and XRD analyses of particles. This corrosion could cause the decrease in repulsion among particles due to the increase in surface negative zeta potential and the CMC desorption from nZVI. Accordingly, this study revealed that relative high injection concentrations and chemical corrosion in groundwater could restrain the mobility of nZVI under multiple injection conditions and the potential risks posed by CMC-nZVI are controllable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xiang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mingyue Gu
- Nanjing Kaiye Environmental Technology Co Ltd, 8 Yuanhua Road, Innovation Building 106, Nanjing University Science Park, Nanjing 210034, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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17
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Garcia AN, Zhang Y, Ghoshal S, He F, O'Carroll DM. Recent Advances in Sulfidated Zerovalent Iron for Contaminant Transformation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8464-8483. [PMID: 34170112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2021 marks 10 years since controlled abiotic synthesis of sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) for use in site remediation and water treatment emerged as an area of active research. It was then expanded to sulfidated microscale ZVI (S-mZVI) and together with S-nZVI, they are collectively referred to as S-(n)ZVI. Heightened interest in S-(n)ZVI stemmed from its significantly higher reactivity to chlorinated solvents and heavy metals. The extremely promising research outcomes during the initial period (2011-2017) led to renewed interest in (n)ZVI-based technologies for water treatment, with an explosion in new research in the last four years (2018-2021) that is building an understanding of the novel and complex role of iron sulfides in enhancing reactivity of (n)ZVI. Numerous studies have focused on exploring different S-(n)ZVI synthesis approaches, and its colloidal, surface, and reactivity (electrochemistry, contaminant selectivity, and corrosion) properties. This review provides a critical overview of the recent milestones in S-(n)ZVI technology development: (i) clear insights into the role of iron sulfides in contaminant transformation and long-term aging, (ii) impact of sulfidation methods and particle characteristics on reactivity, (iii) broader range of treatable contaminants, (iv) synthesis for complete decontamination, (v) ecotoxicity, and (vi) field implementation. In addition, this review discusses major knowledge gaps and future avenues for research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Nunez Garcia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Subhasis Ghoshal
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Feng He
- Institute of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Rd, Hangzhou, China 310014
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney New South Wales 2052, Australia
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18
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Mondal A, Dubey BK, Arora M, Mumford K. Porous media transport of iron nanoparticles for site remediation application: A review of lab scale column study, transport modelling and field-scale application. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123443. [PMID: 32798796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Injection of surface modified zero valent iron nanoparticles for in situ remediation of soil, contaminated with an array of pollutants has attracted great attention due to the high reactivity of zero valent iron towards a broad range of contaminants, its cost effectiveness, minimal physical disruption and low toxicity. The effectiveness of this technology relies on the stability and mobility of injected iron nanoparticles. Hence the development of a modelling tool capable of predicting nZVI transport is indispensable. This review provides state of the art knowledge on the mobility of iron nanoparticles in porous media, mechanisms involved in subsurface retention of nZVI based on continuum models and field scale application. Special attention is given to the identification of the influential parameters controlling the transport potential of iron nanoparticles and the available numerical models for the simulation of laboratory scale transport data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Mondal
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn Mumford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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19
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Li Z, Gong Y, Zhao D, Dang Z, Lin Z. Enhanced removal of zinc and cadmium from water using carboxymethyl cellulose-bridged chlorapatite nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128038. [PMID: 33297055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) in water pose serious threats to human health and the environment. In search for a more effective treatment technology, we prepared a type of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) bridged chlorapatite (CMC-CAP) nanoparticles and tested the material for removal of Zn2+ and Cd2+ from water. CMC macromolecules were attached to CAP by bidentate bridging and hydrogen bonding, preserving the high adsorption capacity of CAP nanoparticles while allowing for easy gravity-separation of the nanoparticles. CMC-CAP showed rapid adsorption kinetics and 22.8% and 11.2% higher equilibrium uptake for Zn2+ and Cd2+, respectively, than pristine CAP. An extended dual-mode isotherm model, which takes into account both sorption and chemical precipitation, provided the best fits to the sorption isotherms, giving a maximum Langmuir sorption capacity of 141.1 mg g-1 for Zn2+ and 150.2 mg g-1 for Cd2+ by CMC-CAP. Na+ at up to 5 mM showed modest effects on the uptake of the heavy metals, while 2-5 mM of Ca2+ exerted notable inhibitive effects. Dissolved organic matter (up to 5 mg L-1 as TOC) inhibited the Zn2+ uptake by 16.5% but enhanced the Cd2+ removal by 8.6%. Material characterizations and surface binding analyses revealed that ion exchange, surface precipitation, and surface complexation were the removal mechanisms for the heavy metals. This study demonstrates stabilizer bridging may serve as a convenient strategy to facilitate water treatment uses of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yanyan Gong
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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20
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Linley S, Thomson NR, McVey K, Sra K, Gu FX. Factors affecting pluronic-coated iron oxide nanoparticle binding to petroleum hydrocarbon-impacted sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126732. [PMID: 32320831 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective targeted delivery of nanoparticle agents may enhance the remediation of soils and site characterization efforts. Nanoparticles coated with Pluronic, an amphiphilic block co-polymer, demonstrated targeted binding behaviour toward light non-aqueous phase liquids such as heavy crude oil. Various factors including coating concentration, oil concentration, oil type, temperature, and pH were assessed to determine their effect on nanoparticle binding to heavy crude oil-impacted sandy aquifer material. Nanoparticle binding was increased by decreasing the coating concentration, increasing oil concentration, using heavier oil types, and increasing temperature, while pH over the range of 5-9 was found to have no effect. Nanoparticle transport and binding in columns packed with clean and oily porous media demonstrated the ability for efficient nanoparticle targeted binding. For the conditions explored, the attachment rate coefficient in columns packed with clean sand was 2.10 ± 0.66 × 10-4 s-1; however, for columns packed with oil-impacted sand a minimum attachment rate coefficient of 8.86 ± 0.43 × 10-4 s-1 was estimated. The higher attachment rate for the oil-impacted sand system indicates that nanoparticles may preferentially accumulate to oil-impacted zones present at heterogeneous impacted sites. Simulations were used to demonstrate this hypothesis using the set of parameters generated in this effort. This work contributes to our understanding of the application conditions that are required for efficient targeted binding of nanoparticles to crude-oil impacted porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Linley
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Neil R Thomson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin McVey
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Frank X Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Brumovský M, Filip J, Malina O, Oborná J, Sracek O, Reichenauer TG, Andrýsková P, Zbořil R. Core-Shell Fe/FeS Nanoparticles with Controlled Shell Thickness for Enhanced Trichloroethylene Removal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35424-35434. [PMID: 32640155 PMCID: PMC7404211 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) treated by reduced sulfur compounds (i.e., sulfidated nZVI, S-nZVI) have attracted increased attention as promising materials for environmental remediation. While the preparation of S-nZVI and its reactions with various groundwater contaminants such as trichloroethylene (TCE) were already a subject of several studies, nanoparticle synthesis procedures investigated so far were suited mainly for laboratory-scale preparation with only a limited possibility of easy and cost-effective large-scale production and FeS shell property control. This study presents a novel approach for synthesizing S-nZVI using commercially available nZVI particles that are treated with sodium sulfide in a concentrated slurry. This leads to S-nZVI particles that do not contain hazardous boron residues and can be easily prepared off-site. The resulting S-nZVI exhibits a core-shell structure where zero-valent iron is the dominant phase in the core, while the shell contains mostly amorphous iron sulfides. The average FeS shell thickness can be controlled by the applied sulfide concentration. Up to a 12-fold increase in the TCE removal and a 7-fold increase in the electron efficiency were observed upon amending nZVI with sulfide. Although the FeS shell thickness correlated with surface-area-normalized TCE removal rates, sulfidation negatively impacted the particle surface area, resulting in an optimal FeS shell thickness of approximately 7.3 nm. This corresponded to a particle S/Fe mass ratio of 0.0195. At all sulfide doses, the TCE degradation products were only fully dechlorinated hydrocarbons. Moreover, a nearly 100% chlorine balance was found at the end of the experiments, further confirming complete TCE degradation and the absence of chlorinated transformation products. The newly synthesized S-nZVI particles thus represent a promising remedial agent applicable at sites contaminated with TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech
Republic
- Department
of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental
Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, UZA II, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech
Republic
| | - Ondřej Malina
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech
Republic
| | - Jana Oborná
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech
Republic
| | - Ondra Sracek
- Department
of Geology of Science, Palacký University
Olomouc, 17 listopadu 12, Olomouc 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas G. Reichenauer
- AIT
Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln an der Donau 3430, Austria
| | - Pavlína Andrýsková
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech
Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech
Republic
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22
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Gong L, Shi S, Lv N, Xu W, Ye Z, Gao B, O'Carroll DM, He F. Sulfidation enhances stability and mobility of carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron in saturated porous media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137427. [PMID: 32105934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation can enhance the reactivity and longevity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), but little is known about its effect on the fate and transport of nZVI in saturated porous media. This work compared the stability and mobility of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) stabilized nZVI (CMC-nZVI) and sulfidated nZVI (CMC-S-nZVI) particles in saturated porous media. After sulfidation, the hydrodynamic size of CMC-S-nZVI was 100-150 nm larger than CMC-nZVI due to enhanced adsorption of CMC onto the S-nZVI surface, which was facilitated by the bidentate bridging interaction between CMC and the FeSx phase on S-nZVI. Of note is that they had a similar core size and zeta potential. In comparison to CMC-nZVI, CMC-S-nZVI exhibited less physical settling (0-5% vs. 5-73%) and chemical dissolution (2-10% vs. 3-27%) within 55 min under the same ionic conditions (Na+, K+ < 200 mM; Al3+ < 0.75 mM). Column breakthrough experiments showed that both CMC-S-nZVI and CMC-nZVI had relatively high mobility in saturated porous media. However, CMC-S-nZVI exhibited greater breakthrough (C/C0 = 0.57-1.0) and corresponding greater mass recovery rates than the corresponding CMC-nZVI (C/C0 = 0.44-1.0) under most of the experimental conditions (e.g., different ion type and concentration, flow rate, and input concentration). The fitted colloid filtration theory model was in good agreement with experiments. This work suggests that in addition to the significant reactivity and longevity improvements demonstrated in other studies, CMC-S-nZVI is also more mobile than CMC-nZVI suggesting that CMC-S-nZVI has many of the characteristics favorable for field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shasha Shi
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Neng Lv
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ziwei Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Connected Water Initiative, University of New South Wales, Manly Vale, New South Wales 2093, Australia
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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23
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Xing Y, Chen X, Wagner RE, Zhuang J, Chen X. Coupled effect of colloids and surface chemical heterogeneity on the transport of antibiotics in porous media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136644. [PMID: 31955105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Release of antibiotics into the environment has caused ecological and human health concerns in recent years. However, little is known about their transport behaviors in chemically heterogeneous porous media. In this study, we investigated the coupled effects of surface chemistry and soil colloids on the transport of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline through sand under steady state saturated flow conditions. Both antibiotics had a much higher capacity of adsorption on soil colloids (17,500 mg/kg for ciprofloxacin and 8600 mg/kg for tetracycline) than on sand (5.11 mg/kg for ciprofloxacin and 2.80 mg/kg for tetracycline). However, ciprofloxacin adsorption increased to 8.91 mg/kg after the sand was coated with iron oxide and to 8.73 mg/kg after the sand was coated with humic acid. Tetracycline, adsorption increased to 7.99 mg/kg after sand was coated with iron oxide coated sand and to 8.35 mg/kg after the sand was coated with humic acid coated The high adsorption capacity of ciprofloxacin led to a recovery rate of <4% in the effluents of the columns containing 0%, 20% and 50% of iron oxide/humic acid coated sand. The surface coating decreased the recovery rates of tetracycline from 35.4% (in uncoated sand) to 12.0% (in column containing 50% iron oxide coated sand) and 0.010% (in column containing 50% humic acid coated sand), respectively. Once adsorbed to soil colloids, the recovery rate of ciprofloxacin increased by 26.7% in uncoated sand column, 21.1% in iron oxide coated sand column, and 32.7% in humic acid coated sand column. Similarly, the presence of the colloids increased the recovery rate of tetracycline from 13.8% to 33.2% after the sand was coated with humic acid. Colloids did not significantly influence the transport and recovery of tetracycline in the uncoated sand and iron oxide coated sand due likely to its lower adsorption affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingna Xing
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Regan E Wagner
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Xijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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24
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Zhang M, Yi K, Zhang X, Han P, Liu W, Tong M. Modification of zero valent iron nanoparticles by sodium alginate and bentonite: Enhanced transport, effective hexavalent chromium removal and reduced bacterial toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:121822. [PMID: 31837936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid aggregation/sedimentation and decreased transport of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles limit their application in groundwater remediation. To decrease the aggregation/sedimentation and increase the transport of nZVI, sodium alginate (a natural polysaccharide) and bentonite (one type of ubiquitous clay) were employed to modify nZVI. Different techniques were utilized to characterize the modified nZVI. We found that modification with either sodium alginate or bentonite could disperse nZVI and shifted their zeta potentials from positive to negative. Comparing with the bare nZVI, the sedimentation rates of modified nZVI either by sodium alginate or bentonite are greatly decreased and their transport are significantly increased. The transport of modified nZVI can be greatly increased by increasing flow rate. Furthermore, Cr(VI) can be efficiently removed by the modified nZVI (both sodium alginate and bentonite modified nZVI). Comparing with bare nZVI, the two types of modified nZVI contain lower toxicities to Escherichia coli. The results of this study indicate that both sodium alginate and bentonite can be employed as potential stabilizers to disperse nZVI and improve their application feasibility for in situ groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Kexin Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Peng Han
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Meiping Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
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25
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Reginatto C, Cecchin I, Salvagni Heineck K, Thomé A, Reddy KR. Influence of nanoscale zero-valent iron on hydraulic conductivity of a residual clayey soil and modeling of the filtration parameter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9288-9296. [PMID: 31916159 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated clay soils pose problems to public health and the environment in several parts of the world. Very little is known about the transport of decontaminating agents used in remediation process under natural, undisturbed conditions. Nanomaterials, especially those made of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), have been most frequently used for remediation of contaminated soils because of their higher reactivity, lower toxicity, and lower cost than other metallic nanoparticles. Even though the nanoparticle size is smaller than soil pores, clogging may occur over time due to agglomeration of nanoparticles, which could reduce the soil's natural permeability and thereby cause filtration of the nanoparticles. The use of a stabilizer in the nanoparticles can modify the reactivity but improves their mobility in the soil system. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the hydraulic conductivity of residual clay soil under the injection of different types and concentrations of nZVI with and without surfactant stabilizer (NANOFER 25, NANOFER 25S, and NANOFER STAR in powder at 1 g/L, 4 g/L, 7 g/L, and 10 g/L concentrations), and to model transport of these nZVI suspensions in this soil system. Undisturbed cylindrical soil samples collected from the field were used, and hydraulic conductivity tests were performed using a column apparatus. The results showed that the presence of the stabilizer in the nZVI influenced the nanoparticles' mobility. The nZVI concentrations of 1 and 4 g/L did not affect the natural soil hydraulic conductivity. However, higher concentrations reduced the hydraulic conductivity value, which retarded the migration of nZVI as reflected in the value of filtration parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleomar Reginatto
- Graduate Program of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, km 292, Campus I, Passo Fundo, RS, 99001-970, Brazil.
| | - Iziquiel Cecchin
- Environmental Engineering Undergraduate Course, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, km 292, Campus I, Passo Fundo, RS, 99001-970, Brazil
| | - Karla Salvagni Heineck
- Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 99., Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-190, Brazil
| | - Antonio Thomé
- Graduate Program of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, km 292, Campus I, Passo Fundo, RS, 99001-970, Brazil
| | - Krishna R Reddy
- Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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26
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Effect of Flow Rate and Particle Concentration on the Transport and Deposition of Bare and Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles in Sandy Soil. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11236608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Efficient application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles in remediation processes relies heavily on the ability to modify the surfaces of nZVI particles to enhance their stability and mobility in subsurface layers. We investigated the effect of sodium carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) polymer stabilizer, pH, particle concentration, and flow rate on the transport of nZVI particles in sand columns. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) of nZVI particles indicated that the transport of nZVI particles was increased by the presence of CMC and by increasing the flow rate. The relative concentration (RC) of the eluted CMC–nZVI nanoparticles was larger at pH 9 as compared to RC at pH 7. This is mainly attributed to the increased nZVI particle stability at higher pH due to the increase in the electrostatic repulsion forces and the formation of larger energy barriers. nZVI particle deposition was larger at 0.1 cm min-1 flow due to the increased residence time, which increases the aggregation and settlement of particles. The amount of CMC–nZVI particles eluted from the sand columns was increased by 52% at the maximum flow rate of 1.0 cm min-1. Bare nZVI were mostly retained in the first millimeters of the soil column, and the amount eluted did not exceed 1.2% of the total amount added. Our results suggest that surface modification of nZVI particles was necessary to increase stability and enhance transport in sandy soil. Nevertheless, a proper flow rate, suitable for the intended remediation efforts, must be considered to minimize nZVI particle deposition and increase remediation efficiency.
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27
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Yang X, Zhang C, Liu F, Tang J, Huang F, Zhang L. Diversity in the species and fate of chlorine during TCE reduction by two nZVI with non-identical anaerobic corrosion mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:230-238. [PMID: 31103869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There have been many studies on TCE degradation by synthesized nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVIB) and commercial nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVIH), but the effect of anaerobic corrosion on the dechlorination pathways and speciation distribution of chlorine is still unclear. Compared with nZVIH, nZVIB has a faster degradation rate of TCE and formation rate of Cl-(aq) (kSA, TCE = 3.67 ± 0.85 × 10-4 & 2.17 ± 0.13 × 10-4 L·h-1·m-2 and kobs, Cl- = 0.344 ± 0.027 & 0.166 ± 0.010 μM·h-1 for nZVIB & nZVIH, respectively). Based on the characterization of XRD, XPS and TEM during the anaerobic corrosion, the corrosion of nZVIB was dramatic under the dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism; but that of nZVIH was moderate and inward by maintaining the core-shell structure and shaping slightly rough and lumpy surface. Due to the different corrosion products (FeOOH for nZVIB and Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 for nZVIH) and the catalysis of boron on the nZVIB surface, the preferential dechlorination pathway of TCE was not identical by hydrogenolysis (nZVIB) vs. reductive β-elimination (nZVIH). Meanwhile, the dechlorination pathway of nZVIH was similar to that of ZVI and the reductive pathway to acetylene bypassed the formation of more toxic VC. This study shows that the high reactivity of nZVIB results in rapid corrosion with the side effect of enhanced adsorption of VC while nZVIH has a stable core-shell structure and less sorbed chlorine, which provides a new sight to access the ecological risk of nZVI due to the overlooked effect of non-identical corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Chong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Jie Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Fuyang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
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28
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Lou Y, Cai Y, Tong Y, Hsieh L, Li X, Xu W, Shi K, Shen C, Xu X, Lou L. Interaction between pollutants during the removal of polychlorinated biphenyl-heavy metal combined pollution by modified nanoscale zero-valent iron. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:120-127. [PMID: 30981919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a promising functional material for the remediation of combined pollutants involving polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals. However, the interaction between the two types of pollutants has not been systematically studied for this method of treatment. In this study, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153), Cu2+, and Ni2+ were selected as the target pollutants. To understand the interaction between pollutants, the efficiencies of nZVI, sulfidated nZVI (S-nZVI), and carboxymethylcellulose stabilized nZVI (CMC-nZVI) were investigated for removal of PCB153, Cu2+/Ni2+, and combined pollution system (PCBs-Cu2+/Ni2+). Results showed that the removal kinetics of the two types of pollutants by the three materials fitted a pseudo-first-order model well and that the reaction mechanisms were similar. Among the three materials, CMC-nZVI showed the highest reactivity to degrade PCB153 (pseudo-first-order kinetic constants (kobs) = 2.7 × 10-4 min-1) and remove Cu2+ (kobs = 2.890 min-1), while S-nZVI showed higher affinity for the removal of Ni2+ (kobs = 0.931 min-1). For the combined pollution system, PCB153 had little effect on the removal of heavy metals by the three materials, while the effect of heavy metals on PCB153 degradation was related to the types of heavy metals and the materials. Cu2+ had no significant effect on PCB153 degradation by the three materials, while the coexistence of Ni2+ promoted PCB153 degradation by nZVI and CMC-nZVI. XPS and electrochemical analysis showed that Cu0 and Ni0 were produced on the surface of the three materials. Ni is a more effective catalyst and promoted the electron transfer efficiency of the materials and had a positive impact on the dechlorination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Cai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Tong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichun Hsieh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangru Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Karthick A, Roy B, Chattopadhyay P. Comparison of zero-valent iron and iron oxide nanoparticle stabilized alkyl polyglucoside phosphate foams for remediation of diesel-contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 240:93-107. [PMID: 30928799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stable surfactant foam might play a vital role in the effective remediation of diesel oil contaminated soil-a major environmental hazard. This paper, first of its kind, is reporting the remediation of diesel-contaminated desert soil, coastal soil and clay soil by aqueous alkylpolyglucoside phosphate (APG-Ph) surfactant foams stabilized by Fe0 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Zero-valent iron (Fe0, ∼28 nm) and iron oxide (Fe3O4, ∼20 nm) nanoparticles are synthesized by liquid-phase reduction and precipitation methods, respectively. The effect of these nanoparticles on foamability, foam stability, surface tension and remediation of diesel-contaminated soils are examined at various concentrations (volume %) of alkylpolyglucoside phosphate (APG-Ph) surfactant and nanoparticles (mg/l). The maximum values of foamability and foam stability recorded for 0.1 vol % APG-Ph foam stabilized by 3.5 mg/l Fe0 are 108.3 and 110.4 mL, respectively. At the same conditions, the Fe3O4 results in 99.4 and 87.5 mL, respectively, depicting the better performance of Fe0. Reduction in surface tension of 0.1 vol % APG-Ph solution (50.75 mN/m) with the addition of 3.5 mg/l Fe0 (9.51 mN/m) and Fe3O4 (19.45 mN/m) nanoparticle is observed. Both the nanoparticles enhance remediation. The foam formed with 0.1 vol % APG-Ph and stabilized by 3.5 mg/l Fe0 shows the maximum diesel removal efficiency of 95.3, 94.6, and 57.5% for coastal soil, desert soil and clay soil, respectively. On the other hand, Fe3O4 (3.5 mg/l) stabilized APG-Ph foam of the same concentration shows merely 76.0, 79.6 and 51.6% diesel removal efficiency for coastal soil, desert soil, and clay soil, respectively. The rate of diesel removal by zero-valent iron and iron oxide nanoparticle stabilized foams are found to be well described by the first order kinetic model. Higher foamability, foam stability, and reducing capacity accompanying lower surface tension, compared to those of the Fe3O4 nanoparticle stabilized foam, could explain higher diesel removal efficiency of the Fe0 nanoparticle stabilized foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Karthick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, VidyaVihar, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Banasri Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, VidyaVihar, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pradipta Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, VidyaVihar, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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30
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Liu J, Louie SM, Pham C, Dai C, Liang D, Hu Y. Aggregation of ferrihydrite nanoparticles: Effects of pH, electrolytes,and organics. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:552-560. [PMID: 30856401 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the fate and transport of ferrihydrite nanoparticles (FNPs), which carry many contaminants in natural and engineered aquatic environments, the aggregation of FNPs was systematically investigated in this study. The pH isoelectric point (pHIEP), surface zeta potential, and particle size evolutions of FNPs were measured under varied aqueous conditions using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The influence of pH (5.0 ± 0.1 and 7.0 ± 0.1), ionic strength (IS), electrolytes (NaCl, CaCl2 and Na2SO4), and organics (humic acid, fulvic acid and CH3COONa) on the aggregation behaviors of FNPs were explored. Meanwhile, Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory was employed to better understand the controlling mechanisms of FNP aggregation. In the presence of sulfate, the surface charge of FNPs was neutralized under varied pH and ionic strength due to ion adsorption and FNPs phase transformation to schwertmannite based on FT-IR results. This phase transformation resulted in rapid aggregation in all water chemistries tested, whereas other salt species affected the aggregation primarily by ion adsorption and charge screening. Presence of increasing concentrations of the organic acids significantly shifted the pHIEP of FNPs (7.0 ± 0.2) to lower pH (< 4.0) due to adsorption of organics on FNPs surfaces making them negatively charged. The adsorption of HA/FA inhibited FNP aggregation significantly while CH3COONa did not, due to different effects on steric and/or electrosteric interactions among FNPs by organics with varied pKa values and molecular weights. After accounting for the important effects of pH, electrolytes, and organics in modifying FNPs' surface charge, DLVO calculations agreed well with measured critical coagulation concentrations (CCC) values of FNPs at both pH 5.0 ± 0.1 and 7.0 ± 0.1 in the presence of NaCl. This study will hence be useful to better predict and control the fate and transport of FNPs in the presence of electrolytes and organics with different molecular weights, as well as the fate of the associated contaminants in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Stacey Marie Louie
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Christopher Pham
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Chong Dai
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Dongli Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yandi Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
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Yu Z, Hu L, Lo IMC. Transport of the arsenic (As)-loaded nano zero-valent iron in groundwater-saturated sand columns: Roles of surface modification and As loading. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:428-436. [PMID: 30384313 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of surface modification of nZVI and arsenic (As) loading on the mobility of the three types of As-loaded nZVI (As-loaded pristine, chitosan-modified and polyaniline-modified nZVI) in quartz sand-packed columns were investigated. Breakthrough curves and retention profiles for the three types of As-loaded nZVI were analyzed by the Tufenkji-Elimelech equations and the HYDRUS-1D model. The mobility of both types of As-loaded modified nZVI was higher than the As-loaded pristine nZVI at both low and high As loadings. Compared to low As loading, the mobility of the three types of As-loaded nZVI was higher at high As loading. The values of the calculated and the fitted retention parameters of the three As-loaded nZVI were lower when As loading was higher or nZVI was modified, which were in line with the experimental column findings. The mechanisms of As-loaded nZVI transport were probably due to ripening and sedimentation. The As in the effluent was mainly from the As-loaded nZVI particles when nZVI was detected and was from the As release when no nZVI was detectable. It was evident that the mobility of the three types of As-loaded nZVI particles were severely limited (the maximum transport distance was less than 60 cm), regardless of surface modification and As loading. Therefore, the As release from the As-loaded nZVI could cause potentially wide pollution and should be paid more attention regarding to the application of nZVI in As remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Liming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Irene M C Lo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Dong H, Cheng Y, Lu Y, Hou K, Zhang L, Li L, Wang B, Wang Y, Ning Q, Zeng G. Comparison of toxicity of Fe/Ni and starch-stabilized Fe/Ni nanoparticles toward Escherichia coli. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cohen M, Weisbrod N. Field Scale Mobility and Transport Manipulation of Carbon-Supported Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron in Fractured Media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7849-7858. [PMID: 29900735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In field applications, mostly in porous media, transport of stabilized nano zerovalent iron particles (nZVI) has never exceeded a few meters in range. In the present study, the transport of Carbo-Iron Colloids (CIC), a composite material of activated carbon as a carrier for nZVI stabilized by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was tested under field conditions. The field site lies within a fractured chalk aquitard characterized by moderately saline (∼13 mS) groundwater. A forced gradient tracer test was conducted where one borehole was pumped at a rate of 8 L/min and CMC-stabilized CIC was introduced at an injection borehole 47 m up-gradient. Two CIC-CMC field applications were conducted: one used high 100% wt CMC (40 g/L) and a second used lower 9% wt loading (∼2.7 g/L). Iodide was injected as a conservative tracer with the CIC-CMC in both cases. The ratio between the CIC-CMC and iodide recovery was 76% and 45% in the high and low CMC loading experiments, respectively. During the low CMC loading experiment, the pumping rate was increased, leading to an additional CIC recovery of 2.5%. The results demonstrate the potentially high mobility of nZVI in fractured environments and the possibility for transport manipulation through the adjustment of stabilizer concentration and transport velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Cohen
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research , Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Sde Boker Campus , 84990 Israel
| | - Noam Weisbrod
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research , Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Sde Boker Campus , 84990 Israel
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Gu Y, Wang B, He F, Bradley MJ, Tratnyek PG. Mechanochemically Sulfidated Microscale Zero Valent Iron: Pathways, Kinetics, Mechanism, and Efficiency of Trichloroethylene Dechlorination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12653-12662. [PMID: 28984446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In water treatment processes that involve contaminant reduction by zerovalent iron (ZVI), reduction of water to dihydrogen is a competing reaction that must be minimized to maximize the efficiency of electron utilization from the ZVI. Sulfidation has recently been shown to decrease H2 formation significantly, such that the overall electron efficiency of (or selectivity for) contaminant reduction can be greatly increased. To date, this work has focused on nanoscale ZVI (nZVI) and solution-phase sulfidation agents (e.g., bisulfide, dithionite or thiosulfate), both of which pose challenges for up-scaling the production of sulfidated ZVI for field applications. To overcome these challenges, we developed a process for sulfidation of microscale ZVI by ball milling ZVI with elemental sulfur. The resulting material (S-mZVIbm) exhibits reduced aggregation, relatively homogeneous distribution of Fe and S throughout the particle (not core-shell structure), enhanced reactivity with trichloroethylene (TCE), less H2 formation, and therefore greatly improved electron efficiency of TCE dechlorination (εe). Under ZVI-limited conditions (initial Fe0/TCE = 1.6 mol/mol), S-mZVIbm gave surface-area normalized reduction rate constants (k'SA) and εe that were ∼2- and 10-fold greater than the unsulfidated ball-milled control (mZVIbm). Under TCE-limited conditions (initial Fe0/TCE = 2000 mol/mol), sulfidation increased kSA and εe ≈ 5- and 50-fold, respectively. The major products from TCE degradation by S-mZVIbm were acetylene, ethene, and ethane, which is consistent with dechlorination by β-elimination, as is typical of ZVI, iron oxides, and/or sulfides. However, electrochemical characterization shows that the sulfidated material has redox properties intermediate between ZVI and Fe3O4, mostly likely significant coverage of the surface with FeS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Gu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Miranda J Bradley
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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