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Ritter M, Canus L, Gautam A, Vallet T, Zhong L, Lalande A, Boson B, Gandhi A, Bodoirat S, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Freitas N, Roingeard P, Barr JN, Lotteau V, Legros V, Mathieu C, Cosset FL, Denolly S. The low-density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein E associated with CCHFV particles mediate CCHFV entry into cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4542. [PMID: 38806525 PMCID: PMC11133370 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging pathogen of the Orthonairovirus genus that can cause severe and often lethal hemorrhagic diseases in humans. CCHFV has a broad tropism and can infect a variety of species and tissues. Here, by using gene silencing, blocking antibodies or soluble receptor fragments, we identify the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) as a CCHFV entry factor. The LDL-R facilitates binding of CCHFV particles but does not allow entry of Hazara virus (HAZV), another member of the genus. In addition, we show that apolipoprotein E (apoE), an exchangeable protein that mediates LDL/LDL-R interaction, is incorporated on CCHFV particles, though not on HAZV particles, and enhances their specific infectivity by promoting an LDL-R dependent entry. Finally, we show that molecules that decrease LDL-R from the surface of target cells could inhibit CCHFV infection. Our study highlights that CCHFV takes advantage of a lipoprotein receptor and recruits its natural ligand to promote entry into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Ritter
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Lola Canus
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Anupriya Gautam
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Li Zhong
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Lalande
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Boson
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Apoorv Gandhi
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Sergueï Bodoirat
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
- Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Tours, France
| | - Natalia Freitas
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032, Tours, France
- Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Tours, France
| | - John N Barr
- Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Vincent Legros
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Solène Denolly
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.
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Sorvillo TE, Karaaslan E, Scholte FEM, Welch SR, Coleman-McCray JD, Genzer SC, Ritter JM, Hayes HM, Jain S, Pegan SD, Bergeron É, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Spengler JR. Replicon particle vaccination induces non-neutralizing anti-nucleoprotein antibody-mediated control of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:88. [PMID: 38782933 PMCID: PMC11116556 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) can cause severe human disease and is considered a WHO priority pathogen due to the lack of efficacious vaccines and antivirals. A CCHF virus replicon particle (VRP) has previously shown protective efficacy in a lethal Ifnar-/- mouse model when administered as a single dose at least 3 days prior to challenge. Here, we determine that non-specific immune responses are not sufficient to confer short-term protection, since Lassa virus VRP vaccination 3 days prior to CCHFV challenge was not protective. We also investigate how CCHF VRP vaccination confers protective efficacy by examining viral kinetics, histopathology, clinical analytes and immunity early after challenge (3 and 6 days post infection) and compare to unvaccinated controls. We characterize how these effects differ based on vaccination period and correspond to previously reported CCHF VRP-mediated protection. Vaccinating Ifnar-/- mice with CCHF VRP 28, 14, 7, or 3 days prior to challenge, all known to confer complete protection, significantly reduced CCHFV viral load, mucosal shedding, and markers of clinical disease, with greater reductions associated with longer vaccination periods. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in innate immune responses, T cell activation, or antibody titers after challenge between groups of mice vaccinated a week or more before challenge, but higher anti-NP antibody avidity and effector function (ADCD) were positively associated with longer vaccination periods. These findings support the importance of antibody-mediated responses in VRP vaccine-mediated protection against CCHFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Sorvillo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Infectious Disease Department, CDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elif Karaaslan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Florine E M Scholte
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - JoAnn D Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah C Genzer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jana M Ritter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Heather M Hayes
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shilpi Jain
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott D Pegan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Frank MG, Weaver G, Raabe V. Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians-Virology, Pathogenesis, and Pathology. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:847-853. [PMID: 38666566 PMCID: PMC11060449 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by CCHF virus, is a tickborne disease that can cause a range of illness outcomes, from asymptomatic infection to fatal viral hemorrhagic fever; the disease has been described in >30 countries. We conducted a literature review to provide an overview of the virology, pathogenesis, and pathology of CCHF for clinicians. The virus life cycle and molecular interactions are complex and not fully described. Although pathogenesis and immunobiology are not yet fully understood, it is clear that multiple processes contribute to viral entry, replication, and pathological damage. Limited autopsy reports describe multiorgan involvement with extravasation and hemorrhages. Advanced understanding of CCHF virus pathogenesis and immunology will improve patient care and accelerate the development of medical countermeasures for CCHF.
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Frank MG, Weaver G, Raabe V. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians-Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:854-863. [PMID: 38666548 PMCID: PMC11060446 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tickborne infection that can range from asymptomatic to fatal and has been described in >30 countries. Early identification and isolation of patients with suspected or confirmed CCHF and the use of appropriate prevention and control measures are essential for preventing human-to-human transmission. Here, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, and prevention and control of CCHF. CCHF poses a continued public health threat given its wide geographic distribution, potential to spread to new regions, propensity for genetic variability, and potential for severe and fatal illness, in addition to the limited medical countermeasures for prophylaxis and treatment. A high index of suspicion, comprehensive travel and epidemiologic history, and clinical evaluation are essential for prompt diagnosis. Infection control measures can be effective in reducing the risk for transmission but require correct and consistent application.
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Umair M, Rehman Z, Whitmer S, Mobley M, Fahim A, Ikram A, Salman M, Montgomery JM, Klena JD. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Diversity and Reassortment, Pakistan, 2017-2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:654-664. [PMID: 38526059 PMCID: PMC10977834 DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporadic cases and outbreaks of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) have been documented across Pakistan since 1976; however, data regarding the diversity of CCHF virus (CCHFV) in Pakistan is sparse. We whole-genome sequenced 36 CCHFV samples collected from persons infected in Pakistan during 2017-2020. Most CCHF cases were from Rawalpindi (n = 10), followed by Peshawar (n = 7) and Islamabad (n = 4). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the Asia-1 genotype was dominant, but 4 reassorted strains were identified. Strains with reassorted medium gene segments clustered with Asia-2 (n = 2) and Africa-2 (n = 1) genotypes; small segment reassortments clustered with the Asia-2 genotype (n = 2). Reassorted viruses showed close identity with isolates from India, Iran, and Tajikistan, suggesting potential crossborder movement of CCHFV. Improved and continuous human, tick, and animal surveillance is needed to define the diversity of circulating CCHFV strains in Pakistan and prevent transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shannon Whitmer
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
| | - Melissa Mobley
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
| | - Ammad Fahim
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
| | - Muhammad Salman
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
| | - Joel M. Montgomery
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
| | - John D. Klena
- National Institutes of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (M. Umair, Z. Rehman, A. Ikram, M. Salman)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Whitmer, M. Mobley, J.M. Montgomery, J.D. Klena)
- The Indus Hospital and Health Networks, Karachi, Pakistan (A. Fahim)
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Kaushal N, Baranwal M. Analysis of highly frequent point mutations in glycoprotein C, glycoprotein N, and nucleoprotein of CCHFV. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:280-294. [PMID: 38054375 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is classified among top 10 priority pathogens by World Health Organization. CCHFV belongs to Bunyaviridae family and negative sense ssRNA genome composed of three RNA segments: L, M, and S. RNA viruses show higher mutation rate as compared to DNA viruses. To gain deeper understanding of impact of point mutations in CCHFV M and S segment, mutation profiling, homology modeling, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation were performed. Structural glycoproteins (glycoprotein C [Gc] and glycoprotein N [Gn]) of CCHFV are important for host-virus interaction and genome packaging, whereas CCHFV nucleoprotein (NP) is crucial for viral replication. Hence, current study is focused on evaluation of eight mutations in structural glycoproteins (Gc: 7 and Gn: 1) of M segment and seven mutations in NP of S segment. All these mutations were highly frequent, with mutation frequency between 0.81 and 1.0 and found to be persistent in the recent strains of CCHFV. Solubility analysis predicted that selected point mutations reduce solubility of Gc protein and increase solubility of Gn and NP proteins. MD simulation study deciphered that A1046V and G1158E in Gc protein, I778T in Gn protein, and H195R in NP protein displayed large deviation and fluctuation, and affected intramolecular interactions. In conclusion, we observed that point mutations could impact structure, stability, and host-virus interaction of protein, and might lead to evolution of new strains for better survival and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Leventhal SS, Meade-White K, Shaia C, Tipih T, Lewis M, Mihalakakos EA, Hinkley T, Khandhar AP, Erasmus JH, Feldmann H, Hawman DW. Single dose, dual antigen RNA vaccines protect against lethal Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection in mice. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:105017. [PMID: 38382314 PMCID: PMC10885550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus is a tick-borne bunyavirus prevalent across Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. The virus causes a non-specific febrile illness which may develop into severe haemorrhagic disease. To date, there are no widely approved therapeutics. Recently, we reported an alphavirus-based replicon RNA vaccine which expresses the CCHFV nucleoprotein (repNP) or glycoprotein precursor (repGPC) and is protective against lethal disease in mice. METHODS Here, we evaluated engineered GPC constructs to find the minimal enhancing epitope of repGPC and test two RNA vaccine approaches to express multiple antigens in vivo to optimize protective efficacy of our repRNA. FINDINGS Vaccination with repNP and a construct expressing just the Gc antigen (repGc-FL) resulted in equivalent immunogenicity and protective efficacy compared to original repNP + repGPC vaccination. This vaccine was protective when prepared in either of two vaccine approaches, a mixed synthesis reaction producing two RNAs in a single tube and a single RNA expressing two antigens. INTERPRETATION Overall, our data illustrate two vaccine approaches to deliver two antigens in a single immunization. Both approaches induced protective immune responses against CCHFV in this model. These approaches support their continued development for this and future vaccine candidates for CCHFV and other vaccines where inclusion of multiple antigens would be optimal. FUNDING This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program, NIAID/NIH, HDT Bio and MCDC Grant #MCDC2204-011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna S Leventhal
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Thomas Tipih
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Mathew Lewis
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Evan A Mihalakakos
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | | | | | | | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
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Blacksell SD, Dhawan S, Kusumoto M, Le KK, Summermatter K, O'Keefe J, Kozlovac J, Almuhairi SS, Sendow I, Scheel CM, Ahumibe A, Masuku ZM, Bennett AM, Kojima K, Harper DR, Hamilton K. The Biosafety Research Road Map: The Search for Evidence to Support Practices in the Laboratory-Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus and Lassa Virus. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2023; 28:216-229. [PMID: 38090357 PMCID: PMC10712363 DOI: 10.1089/apb.2022.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus and Lassa virus (LASV) are zoonotic agents regarded as high-consequence pathogens due to their high case fatality rates. CCHF virus is a vector-borne disease and is transmitted by tick bites. Lassa virus is spread via aerosolization of dried rat urine, ingesting infected rats, and direct contact with or consuming food and water contaminated with rat excreta. Methods The scientific literature for biosafety practices has been reviewed for both these two agents to assess the evidence base and biosafety-related knowledge gaps. The review focused on five main areas, including the route of inoculation/modes of transmission, infectious dose, laboratory-acquired infections, containment releases, and disinfection and decontamination strategies. Results There is a lack of data on the safe collection and handling procedures for tick specimens and the infectious dose from an infective tick bite for CCHF investigations. In addition, there are gaps in knowledge about gastrointestinal and contact infectious doses for Lassa virus, sample handling and transport procedures outside of infectious disease areas, and the contribution of asymptomatic carriers in viral circulation. Conclusion Due to the additional laboratory hazards posed by these two agents, the authors recommend developing protocols that work effectively and safely in highly specialized laboratories in non-endemic regions and a laboratory with limited resources in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D. Blacksell
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandhya Dhawan
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marina Kusumoto
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kim Khanh Le
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Joseph O'Keefe
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Kozlovac
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Indrawati Sendow
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
| | - Christina M. Scheel
- WHO Collaborating Center for Biosafety and Biosecurity, Office of the Associate Director for Laboratory Science, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anthony Ahumibe
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja and Prevention, Nigeria
| | - Zibusiso M. Masuku
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Sandringham, South Africa
| | | | - Kazunobu Kojima
- Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David R. Harper
- The Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Hamilton
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
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El Ghassem A, Abdoullah B, Deida J, Ould Lemrabott MA, Ouldabdallahi Moukah M, Ould Ahmedou Salem MS, Briolant S, Basco LK, Ould Brahim K, Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary A. Arthropod-Borne Viruses in Mauritania: A Literature Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:1370. [PMID: 38003834 PMCID: PMC10675338 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past four decades, recurrent outbreaks of various arthropod-borne viruses have been reported in Mauritania. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge on the epidemiology of the major arboviruses circulating in Mauritania. Online databases including PubMed and Web of Science were used to retrieve relevant published studies. The results showed that numerous arboviral outbreaks of variable magnitude occurred in almost all 13 regions of Mauritania, with Rift Valley fever (RVF), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), and dengue (DEN) being the most common infections. Other arboviruses causing yellow fever (YF), chikungunya (CHIK), o'nyong-nyong (ONN), Semliki Forest (SF), West Nile fever (WNF), Bagaza (BAG), Wesselsbron (WSL), and Ngari (NRI) diseases have also been found circulating in humans and/or livestock in Mauritania. The average case fatality rates of CCHF and RVF were 28.7% and 21.1%, respectively. RVF outbreaks have often occurred after unusually heavy rainfalls, while CCHF epidemics have mostly been reported during the dry season. The central and southeastern regions of the country have carried the highest burden of RVF and CCHF. Sheep, cattle, and camels are the main animal reservoirs for the RVF and CCHF viruses. Culex antennatus and Cx. poicilipes mosquitoes and Hyalomma dromedarii, H. rufipes, and Rhipicephalus everesti ticks are the main vectors of these viruses. DEN outbreaks occurred mainly in the urban settings, including in Nouakchott, the capital city, and Aedes aegypti is likely the main mosquito vector. Therefore, there is a need to implement an integrated management strategy for the prevention and control of arboviral diseases based on sensitizing the high-risk occupational groups, such as slaughterhouse workers, shepherds, and butchers for zoonotic diseases, reinforcing vector surveillance and control, introducing rapid point-of-care diagnosis of arboviruses in high-risk areas, and improving the capacities to respond rapidly when the first signs of disease outbreak are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallahi El Ghassem
- Unité de Recherche Génomes et Milieux, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nouakchott, Nouakchott BP 880, Mauritania; (A.E.G.); (B.A.); (J.D.); (M.A.O.L.); (M.O.M.); (M.S.O.A.S.); (K.O.B.)
| | - Bedia Abdoullah
- Unité de Recherche Génomes et Milieux, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nouakchott, Nouakchott BP 880, Mauritania; (A.E.G.); (B.A.); (J.D.); (M.A.O.L.); (M.O.M.); (M.S.O.A.S.); (K.O.B.)
| | - Jemila Deida
- Unité de Recherche Génomes et Milieux, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nouakchott, Nouakchott BP 880, Mauritania; (A.E.G.); (B.A.); (J.D.); (M.A.O.L.); (M.O.M.); (M.S.O.A.S.); (K.O.B.)
| | - Mohamed Aly Ould Lemrabott
- Unité de Recherche Génomes et Milieux, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nouakchott, Nouakchott BP 880, Mauritania; (A.E.G.); (B.A.); (J.D.); (M.A.O.L.); (M.O.M.); (M.S.O.A.S.); (K.O.B.)
| | - Mohamed Ouldabdallahi Moukah
- Unité de Recherche Génomes et Milieux, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nouakchott, Nouakchott BP 880, Mauritania; (A.E.G.); (B.A.); (J.D.); (M.A.O.L.); (M.O.M.); (M.S.O.A.S.); (K.O.B.)
| | - Mohamed Salem Ould Ahmedou Salem
- Unité de Recherche Génomes et Milieux, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nouakchott, Nouakchott BP 880, Mauritania; (A.E.G.); (B.A.); (J.D.); (M.A.O.L.); (M.O.M.); (M.S.O.A.S.); (K.O.B.)
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Unité de Parasitologie Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), 13005 Marseille, France;
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Vecteurs—Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Leonardo K. Basco
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Vecteurs—Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Khyarhoum Ould Brahim
- Unité de Recherche Génomes et Milieux, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nouakchott, Nouakchott BP 880, Mauritania; (A.E.G.); (B.A.); (J.D.); (M.A.O.L.); (M.O.M.); (M.S.O.A.S.); (K.O.B.)
| | - Ali Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary
- Unité de Recherche Génomes et Milieux, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nouakchott, Nouakchott BP 880, Mauritania; (A.E.G.); (B.A.); (J.D.); (M.A.O.L.); (M.O.M.); (M.S.O.A.S.); (K.O.B.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Vecteurs—Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France;
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10
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El Ghassem A, Apolloni A, Vial L, Bouvier R, Bernard C, Khayar MS, Cheikh Ahmed M, Fausther-Bovendo H, Beyit AD, Yahya B, Ould El Mamy MB, Elbara A, Bollahi MA, Cêtre-Sossah C, Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary A. Risk factors associated with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus circulation among human, livestock and ticks in Mauritania through a one health retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:764. [PMID: 37932678 PMCID: PMC10626674 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in Southern Mauritania where recurrent outbreaks have been constantly observed since the 1980's. The present study is the first to assess CCHFV antibodies and RNA in humans. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted using 263 humans and 1380 domestic animals serum samples, and 282 tick specimens of Hyalomma genus collected from 54 settings in 12 provinces across Mauritania. Antibodies targeting CCHF viral nucleoprotein were detected in animal and human sera using double-antigen ELISA. CCHFV specific RNA was detected in human and animal sera as well as tick supernatants using a CCHFV real time RT-PCR kit. Individual characteristics of sampled hosts were collected at the same time and data were geo-referenced. Satellite data of several environmental and climatic factors, were downloaded from publicly available datasets, and combined with data on livestock mobility, animal and human density, road accessibility and individual characteristics to identify possible risk factors for CCHFV spatial distribution. To this end, multivariate logistic models were developed for each host category (human, small and large ruminants). RESULTS The overall CCHFV antibody prevalence was 11.8% [95% CI: 8.4-16.3] in humans (17.9% in 2020 and 5.4% in 2021; p = 0.0017) and 33.1% (95% CI: 30.1-36.3) in livestock. CCHFV-specific antibodies were detected in 91 (18.1%) out of 502 sheep, 43 (9.0%) out of 477 goats, 144 (90.5%) out of 161 dromedaries and 179 (74.6%) out of 240 cattle. CCHFV RNA was detected in only 2 (0.7%) sera out of 263 animals herders samples from Hodh El Gharbi province and in 32 (11.3%) out of 282 Hyalomma ticks. In humans as well as in animals, seropositivity was not associated with sex or age groups. The multivariate analysis determined the role of different environmental, climatic and anthropic factors in the spatial distribution of the disease with animal mobility and age being identified as risk factors. CONCLUSION Results of the present study demonstrate the potential risk of CCHF for human population in Mauritania primarily those living in rural areas in close vicinity with animals. Future studies should prioritize an integrative human and veterinary approach for better understanding and managing Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellahi El Ghassem
- Université de Nouakchott, UR GEMI, BP 5026, Nouakchott, Mauritania.
- ONARDEP, BP 167, Nouakchott, Mauritania.
| | - Andrea Apolloni
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier Cedex, 34398, France.
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France.
| | - Laurence Vial
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier Cedex, 34398, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Bouvier
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier Cedex, 34398, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
| | - Celia Bernard
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier Cedex, 34398, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Hugues Fausther-Bovendo
- GUARD, Batiscan, QC, G0X 1A0, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Catherine Cêtre-Sossah
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier Cedex, 34398, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Montpellier, France
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11
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Riccò M, Baldassarre A, Corrado S, Bottazzoli M, Marchesi F. Seroprevalence of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Occupational Settings: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:452. [PMID: 37755913 PMCID: PMC10538165 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8090452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) Virus can cause a serious human disease, with the case fatality ratio previously estimated to be 30-40%. Our study summarized seroprevalence data from occupational settings, focusing on the following occupational groups: animal handlers, abattoir workers, farmers, healthcare workers, veterinarians, rangers, and hunters. Systematic research was performed on three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MedRxiv), and all studies reporting seroprevalence rates (IgG-positive status) for CCHF virus were retrieved and their results were reported, summarized, and compared. We identified a total of 33 articles, including a total of 20,195 samples, i.e., 13,197 workers from index occupational groups and 6998 individuals from the general population. Pooled seroprevalence rates ranged from 4.751% (95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 1.834 to 11.702) among animal handlers, to 3.403% (95% CI 2.44 to 3.932) for farmers, 2.737% (95% CI 0.896 to 8.054) among rangers and hunters, 1.900% (95% CI 0.738 to 4.808) for abattoir workers, and 0.644% (95% CI 0.223-1.849) for healthcare workers, with the lowest estimate found in veterinarians (0.283%, 95% CI 0.040-1.977). Seroprevalence rates for abattoir workers (odds ratio (OR) 4.198, 95% CI 1.060-16.464), animal handlers (OR 2.399, 95% CI 1.318-4.369), and farmers (OR 2.280, 95% CI 1.419 to 3.662) largely exceeded the official notification rates for CCHF in the general population. CCHF is reasonably underreported, and pooled estimates stress the importance of improving the adherence to personal protective equipment use and appropriate preventive habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- AUSL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza Negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), Local Health Unit of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonio Baldassarre
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Silvia Corrado
- ASST Rhodense, Dipartimento della donna e Area Materno-Infantile, UOC Pediatria, 20024 Garbagnate Milanese, Italy;
| | - Marco Bottazzoli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, APSS Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy;
| | - Federico Marchesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
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12
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Gaina A, Tahoun M, Mashal O, Safi H, Alizai F, Jalil H, Abouzeid A. The largest reported outbreak of CCHF in hospital settings: lessons from Kandahar, Afghanistan. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:e330-e331. [PMID: 37524104 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Gaina
- World Health Organization Country Office Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | - Mohamed Tahoun
- World Health Organization Country Office Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan; High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
| | - Omar Mashal
- World Health Organization Country Office Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Hafizullah Safi
- World Health Organization Country Office Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | | | | | - Alaa Abouzeid
- World Health Organization Country Office Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan; Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Sadeghi H, Nikkhahi F, Maleki MR, Simiari A, Bakht M, Gholamzadeh Khoei S. Status of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks in Iran: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2023:106153. [PMID: 37295483 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a re-emerging viral haemorrhagic fever causing outbreaks in Iran in the last 15 years. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the status of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in ticks would be evaluated. PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed original papers published between 2000 and 1 July 2022. We included papers that evaluated the prevalence of CCHFV in individual ticks using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The pooled prevalence of CCHFV was 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5-7.9%), with heterogeneity (I2 = 82.706; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of CCHFV was higher related to regions with above sea level of 1001-1500 m (6.4%; 95% CI: 4.3-9.5%), an average temperature of ≤15 °C (8.3%; 95% CI: 5.6-12.0%), latitude of ≥36° (8.1%; 95% CI: 5.2-12.3%), an annual rainfall of 101-300 mm (9.8%; 95% CI: 6.1-15.4%) and humidity of ≥61% (10.2%; 95% CI: 5.1-19.3%). Due to the importance of CCHF, it is better to do new epidemiologic studies on ticks by related organizations and adjacent regions of some provinces in which human cases have been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sadeghi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maleki
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Aboutaleb Simiari
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakht
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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14
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Shah T, Li Q, Wang B, Baloch Z, Xia X. Geographical distribution and pathogenesis of ticks and tick-borne viral diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1185829. [PMID: 37293222 PMCID: PMC10244671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1185829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are obligatory hematophagous arthropods that harbor and transmit infectious pathogens to humans and animals. Tick species belonging to Amblyomma, Ixodes, Dermacentor, and Hyalomma genera may transmit certain viruses such as Bourbon virus (BRBV), Dhori virus (DHOV), Powassan virus (POWV), Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV), Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Heartland virus (HRTV), Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV), etc. that affect humans and certain wildlife. The tick vectors may become infected through feeding on viraemic hosts before transmitting the pathogen to humans and animals. Therefore, it is vital to understand the eco-epidemiology of tick-borne viruses and their pathogenesis to optimize preventive measures. Thus this review summarizes knowledge on some medically important ticks and tick-borne viruses, including BRBV, POWV, OHFV, CTFV, CCHFV, HRTV, and KFDV. Further, we discuss these viruses' epidemiology, pathogenesis, and disease manifestations during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Provincial Center for Molecular Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Provincial Center for Molecular Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Binghui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Provincial Center for Molecular Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Provincial Center for Molecular Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Provincial Center for Molecular Medicine, Kunming, China
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15
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Chen T, Ding Z, Lan J, Wong G. Advances and perspectives in the development of vaccines against highly pathogenic bunyaviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1174030. [PMID: 37274315 PMCID: PMC10234439 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1174030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased human activities around the globe and the rapid development of once rural regions have increased the probability of contact between humans and wild animals. A majority of bunyaviruses are of zoonotic origin, and outbreaks may result in the substantial loss of lives, economy contraction, and social instability. Many bunyaviruses require manipulation in the highest levels of biocontainment, such as Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories, and the scarcity of this resource has limited the development speed of vaccines for these pathogens. Meanwhile, new technologies have been created, and used to innovate vaccines, like the mRNA vaccine platform and bioinformatics-based antigen design. Here, we summarize current vaccine developments for three different bunyaviruses requiring work in the highest levels of biocontainment: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV), Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV), and Hantaan virus (HTNV), and provide perspectives and potential future directions that can be further explored to advance specific vaccines for humans and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Ding
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Lan
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Gary Wong
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
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16
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Febrer-Sendra B, Fernández-Soto P, García-Bernalt Diego J, Crego-Vicente B, Negredo A, Muñor-Bellido JL, Belhassen-García M, Sánchez-Seco MP, Muro A. A Novel RT-LAMP for the Detection of Different Genotypes of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus in Patients from Spain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076411. [PMID: 37047384 PMCID: PMC10094476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a potentially lethal tick-borne viral disease with a wide distribution. In Spain, 12 human cases of CCHF have been confirmed, with four deaths. The diagnosis of CCHF is hampered by the nonspecific symptoms, the high genetic diversity of CCHFV, and the biosafety requirements to manage the virus. RT-qPCR and serological tests are used for diagnosis with limitations. Reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) could be an effective alternative in the diagnosis of the disease. However, none of the few RT-LAMP assays developed to date has detected different CCHFV genotypes. Here, we designed a RT-LAMP using a degenerate primer set to compensate for the variability of the CCHFV target sequence. RT-LAMP was performed in colorimetric and real-time tests on RT-qPCR-confirmed CCHF patient samples notified in Spain in 2020 and 2021. Urine from an inpatient was analysed by RT-LAMP for the first time and compared with RT-qPCR. The amplicons obtained by RT-qPCR were sequenced and African III and European V genotypes were identified. RT-LAMP amplified both genotypes and was more sensitive than RT-qPCR in urine samples. We have developed a novel, rapid, specific, and sensitive RT-LAMP test that allows the detection of different CCHFV genotypes in clinical samples. This pan-CCHFV RT-LAMP detected viral RNA for the first time in urine samples. It can be easily performed as a single-tube isothermal colorimetric method on a portable platform in real time and without the need for expensive equipment, thus bringing molecular diagnostics closer to rural or resource-poor areas, where CCHF usually occurs.
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17
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Yang Z, Wang H, Yang S, Wang X, Shen Q, Ji L, Zeng J, Zhang W, Gong H, Shan T. Virome diversity of ticks feeding on domestic mammals in China. Virol Sin 2023; 38:208-221. [PMID: 36781125 PMCID: PMC10176445 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are considered the second most common pathogen vectors transmitting a broad range of vital human and veterinary viruses. From 2017 to 2018, 640 ticks were collected in eight different provinces in central and western China. Six species were detected, including H.longicornis, De.everestianus, Rh.microplus, Rh.turanicus, Rh.sanguineous, and Hy.asiaticum. Sixty-four viral metagenomic libraries were constructed on the MiSeq Illumina platform, resulting in 13.44 G (5.88 × 107) of 250-bp-end reads, in which 2,437,941 are viral reads. We found 27 nearly complete genome sequences, including 16 genome sequences encoding entire protein-coding regions (lack of 3' or 5' end non-coding regions) and complete viral genomes, distributed in the arboviral family (Chuviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Nairoviridae, Phenuiviridae, Flaviviridae, Iflaviridae) as well as Parvoviridae and Polyomaviridae that cause disease in mammals and even humans. In addition, 13 virus sequences found in Chuviridae, Nairoviridae, Flaviviridae, Iflaviridae, Hepeviridae, Parvoviridae, and Polyomaviridae were identified as belonging to a new virus species in the identified viral genera. Besides, an epidemiological survey shows a high prevalence (9.38% and 15.63%) of two viruses (Ovine Copiparvovirus and Bovine parvovirus 2) in the tick cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Shixing Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Quan Shen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Likai Ji
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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18
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Oygar PD, Gürlevik SL, Sağ E, İlbay S, Aksu T, Demir OO, Coşgun Y, Eyüpoğlu SA, Karakaya J, Cangül ŞÜ, Cengiz AB, Özsürekci Y. Changing Disease Course of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Children, Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:268-277. [PMID: 36692327 PMCID: PMC9881758 DOI: 10.3201/eid2902.220976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), endemic in certain regions of the world, is listed as a priority disease with pandemic potential. Since CCHF was first identified in Turkey, children have been known to experience milder disease than adults. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed an unusually severe disease course, including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). We examined cytokine/chemokine profiles of 9/12 case-patients compared with healthy controls at 3 time intervals. Interferon pathway-related cytokines/chemokines, including interleukin (IL) 18, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α, and IL-33, were elevated, but tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, CXCL8 (formerly IL-8), and cytokines acting through C-C chemokine receptor 2 and CCR5 were lower among case-patients than controls. Interferon pathway activation and cytokines/chemokines acting through CCR2 and CCR5 improved health results among children with severe CCHF. Children can experience severe CCHF, including HLH, and HLH secondary to CCHF can be successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and steroid therapy.
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Say Coskun US, Yigit S, Ozmen ZC, Deveci K, Tekcan A, Barut HS, Dagcioglu Y. Association of eNOS gene 4a/4b VNTR and T786C polymorphism with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 42:507-515. [PMID: 36584289 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2162542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The most common viral hemorrhagic fever is Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms have been linked to both hemorrhagic fevers and viral diseases. The study's goal is to evaluate if the eNOS gene 4a/4b and T786C polymorphisms are related to CCHF. The study included 54 CCHF RNA-positive patients and 60 control subjects. The Bosphore CCHF virus Quantification Kit v1 was used to obtain CCHF RNA, and the Magnesia 16 isolation device was used to isolate DNA (Anatolia Gene works, Turkey). Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism were used to genotype the samples. The frequency of the eNOS 4a/4a, 4a/4b, and 4 b/4b genotypes in patients and the control was 6.6% versus 1.7%, 37.0% versus 43.3%, and 57.4% versus 55%, respectively. 4a: 24.07% of patients and 23.33% of controls; and 4 b: 75.92% of patients and 76.66% of controls. The frequency of the eNOS-786 T/C, T/T, T/C, and C/C genotypes in patients and the control group was 35.2% versus 68.3%; 51.9% versus 26.73%; and 13.0% versus 5.0%, respectively. The allele and genotype frequencies of the eNOS T786C variant differ statistically between patients and the control (p < 0.05). The eNOS T786C variant could be a genetic determinant for susceptibility to CCHF. To our knowledge, this is the first study to figure out the association between eNOS gene T786C polymorphisms and CCHF disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Safiye Say Coskun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serbulent Yigit
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Cansel Ozmen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Koksal Deveci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Akin Tekcan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Sener Barut
- Department of Infectious Disease, Ministry of Health Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yelda Dagcioglu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.,Genetic Laboratory, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa Universirty Training And Research Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
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20
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Cuadrado-Matías R, Baz-Flores S, Peralbo-Moreno A, Herrero-García G, Risalde MA, Barroso P, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Ruiz-Rodriguez C, Ruiz-Fons F. Determinants of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus exposure dynamics in Mediterranean environments. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3571-3581. [PMID: 36183164 PMCID: PMC10092370 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging tick-borne human disease in Spain. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics and exposure risk determinants of CCHF virus (CCHFV) in animal models is essential to predict the time and areas of highest transmission risk. With this goal, we designed a longitudinal survey of two wild ungulate species, the red deer (Cervus elaphus) and the Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), in Doñana National Park, a protected Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot with high ungulate and CCHFV vector abundance, and which is also one of the main stopover sites for migratory birds between Africa and western Europe. Both ungulates are hosts to the principal CCHFV vector in Spain, Hyalomma lusitanicum. We sampled wild ungulates annually from 2005 to 2020 and analysed the frequency of exposure to CCHFV by a double-antigen ELISA. The annual exposure risk was modelled as a function of environmental traits in an approach to understanding exposure risk determinants that allow us to predict the most likely places and years for CCHFV transmission. The main findings show that H. lusitanicum abundance is a fundamental driver of the fine-scale spatial CCHFV transmission risk, while inter-annual risk variation is conditioned by virus/vector hosts, host community structure and weather variations. The most relevant conclusion of the study is that the emergence of CCHF in Spain might be associated with recent wild ungulate population changes promoting higher vector abundance. This work provides relevant insights into the transmission dynamics of CCHFV in enzootic scenarios that would allow deepening the understanding of the ecology of CCHFV and its major determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Cuadrado-Matías
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sara Baz-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alfonso Peralbo-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gloria Herrero-García
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - María A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERINFEC (ISCIII), CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Barroso
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
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21
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Giménez-Richarte Á, Ortiz de Salazar MI, Giménez-Richarte MP, Collado M, Fernández PL, Clavijo C, Navarro L, Arbona C, Marco P, Ramos-Rincon JM. Transfusion-transmitted arboviruses: Update and systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010843. [PMID: 36201547 PMCID: PMC9578600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The detection of the first cases of transfusion-transmitted West Nile virus in 2002 posed a new challenge for transfusion safety. Institutions like the World Health Organization have stated that blood transfusion centers need to know the epidemiology of the different emerging infectious agents and their impact on blood transfusion. The aim of the study is to review the published cases of arbovirus transmission through transfusion of blood or blood components and to analyze their main clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Material and methods Systematic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. Pairs of review authors selected a variety of scientific publications reporting cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses. Main clinical and epidemiological characteristics were reviewed of the cases described. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO CRD42021270355. Results A total of 74 cases of transfusion-transmitted infections were identified from 10 arboviruses: West Nile virus (n = 42), dengue virus (n = 18), Zika virus (n = 3), yellow fever vaccine virus (n = 3), tick-borne encephalitis virus (n = 2), Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 2), Powassan virus (n = 1), St. Louis encephalitis virus (n = 1), Ross River virus (n = 1) and Colorado tick fever virus (n = 1). The blood component most commonly involved was red blood cells (N = 35, 47.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 35.9% to 58.7%). In 54.1% (N = 40; 95% CI: 42.7%-65.47%) of the cases, the recipient was immunosuppressed. Transmission resulted in death in 18.9% (N = 14; 95% CI: 10.0%-27.8%) of the recipients. In addition, 18 additional arboviruses were identified with a potential threat to transfusion safety. Discussion In the last 20 years, the number of published cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses increased notably, implicating new arboviruses. In addition, a significant number of arboviruses that may pose a threat to transfusion safety were detected. In the coming years, it is expected that transmission of arboviruses will continue to expand globally. It is therefore essential that all responsible agencies prepare for this potential threat to transfusion safety. The transfusion of blood and blood components entails some risks and potential complications, chief among them the transmission of infectious agents. Organizations like the American Association of Blood Banks have warned of the risks posed by emerging and re-emerging viruses for transfusion safety and have classified transmission of several arboviruses as a high or very high risk to the transfusion of blood and blood components. Following recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO), this study aims to enable safe blood transfusion services, by making available the latest updated information of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses and comprehensive knowledge of the current epidemiology of reported cases. Research revealed case reports of transfusion transmission of 10 arboviruses, with West Nile virus and dengue virus as the most prevalent. Main clinical characteristics of reported cases were collected, including the type of blood component transfused and the state of immunosuppression of the recipient. Research also revealed 18 additional arboviruses with potential risk of transmission through other direct transmission routes. This systematic review provides an updated overview of the clinical characteristics of reported cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses. It is the most complete record published to date that assesses the risk posed by arboviruses to blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miriam Collado
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Center, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Clavijo
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Navarro
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Arbona
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pascual Marco
- Service of Hematology, General- University Hospital of Alicante-ISABIAL. Alicante, Spain
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose-Manuel Ramos-Rincon
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
- * E-mail: (AG-R); (J-MR-R)
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22
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Nurettin C, Engin B, Sukru T, Munir A, Zati V, Aykut O. The Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Wild and Domestic Animals: An Epidemiological Update for Domestic Animals and First Seroevidence in Wild Animals from Turkiye. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090462. [PMID: 36136678 PMCID: PMC9501697 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne and zoonotic emerging viral disease that is characterized by the sudden development of high fever and vascular bleeding in humans. The seroevidence among livestock has been reported, but it is less known in wild animals. Due to the importance and emerging state of the disease, we conducted a serosurvey on both domestic and wild animals in different areas of Turkiye. Serological investigations conducted on cattle, goats, and sheep revealed 10.81%, 15.15%, and 19.23% seropositivity, respectively, in the collected serum samples. We also found seropositivity rates in hare (23.81%) and wild boars (2.5%) indicating the substantial role of wild animals in virus epidemiology in Turkiye. This study provides first seroevidence of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in wild animals in Turkiye. Abstract Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a zoonotic, tick-borne pathogen that is endemic to some parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia. The disease causes fever and hemorrhagic manifestations in humans but not in animals. Domestic and wild animals are asymptomatic hosts of CCHFV and are critical in the transmission cycle. Hyalomma marginatum spp. has been identified as the natural reservoir and vector of the virus in Turkiye. A few studies have been conducted on domesticated animals showing the seroprevalence of CCHFV in them, but seroevidence in wild animals is absent. For contributing this antrum to the understanding of virus transmission in Turkiye, we performed a seroprevalence investigation of CCHFV in both wild and domesticated animals in various geographical areas of Turkiye. In-house IgG iELISA was performed for the screening of sera IgG in a total of 582 animal samples collected from boar (n = 40), cattle (n = 259), goat (n = 132), hare (n = 21), and sheep (n = 130). Results from ELISA performed on domestic animals revealed 10.81%, 15.15%, and 19.23% anti-CCHF virus seropositivity in cattle, goats, and sheep, respectively, in collected serum samples. ELISA tests performed in wild animals showed 23.81% and 2.5% positivity in hare and wild boars, respectively, suggesting the importance of wild animals in CCHF virus epidemiology in Turkiye. This study performed the first serological investigation of CCHFV in wild animals and provided the first seroevidence of CCHFV in wild boars and hare in Turkiye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canakoglu Nurettin
- Department of Virology, Milas Faculty of Veterinary Science, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla 48200, Türkiye
- Correspondence: (C.N.); (B.E.)
| | - Berber Engin
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Correspondence: (C.N.); (B.E.)
| | - Tonbak Sukru
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ 23119, Türkiye
| | - Aktas Munir
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ 23119, Türkiye
| | - Vatansever Zati
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars 36100, Türkiye
| | - Ozdarendeli Aykut
- Vaccine Research, Development, and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
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23
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Leventhal SS, Meade-White K, Rao D, Haddock E, Leung J, Scott D, Archer J, Randall S, Erasmus JH, Feldmann H, Hawman DW. Replicating RNA vaccination elicits an unexpected immune response that efficiently protects mice against lethal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus challenge. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104188. [PMID: 35907368 PMCID: PMC9335360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is the cause of a severe hemorrhagic fever with cases reported throughout a wide-geographic region. Spread by the bite of infected ticks, contact with infected livestock or in the health care setting, disease begins as a non-specific febrile illness that can rapidly progress to hemorrhagic manifestations. Currently, there are no approved vaccines and antivirals such as ribavirin have unclear efficacy. Thus treatment is mostly limited to supportive care. Methods In this report we evaluated an alphavirus-based replicon RNA vaccine expressing either the CCHFV nucleoprotein or glycoprotein precursor in a stringent, heterologous lethal challenge mouse model. Findings Vaccination with the RNA expressing the nucleoprotein alone could confer complete protection against clinical disease, but vaccination with a combination of both the nucleoprotein and glycoprotein precursor afforded robust protection against disease and viral replication. Protection from lethal challenge required as little as a single immunization with 100ng of RNA. Unexpectedly, analysis of the immune responses elicited by the vaccine components showed that vaccination resulted in antibodies against the internal viral nucleoprotein and cellular immunity against the virion-exposed glycoproteins. Interpretation Cumulatively this vaccine conferred robust protection against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and supports continued development of this vaccine candidate. Funding This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIAID/NIH and HDT Bio.
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24
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Goletic T, Satrovic L, Softic A, Omeragic J, Goletic S, Soldo DK, Spahic AK, Zuko A, Satrovic E, Alic A. Serologic and molecular evidence for circulation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks and cattle in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:102004. [PMID: 35834930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus is a tick-borne zoonotic agent of the genus Orthonairovirus, and the causal agent of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in humans. The study is aimed at investigating the presence of CCHFV RNA in ticks and cattle in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), as well as the exposure of cattle to CCHFV in this country. Only one pool of three male Hyalomma marginatum ticks tested positive for viral RNA (3/760, 0.39%). No viral RNA was detected in 206 bovine blood samples using real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR). The overall seroprevalence of CCHFV in the cattle population was estimated as 14.97% (72/481). The results indicate the presence and the established circulation of CCHFV in B&H. Considering the endemic character of CCHFV in the Balkans as well as our results, the possibility that CCHFV is endemic in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina is considered to be very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teufik Goletic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Lejla Satrovic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adis Softic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasmin Omeragic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sejla Goletic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Darinka Klaric Soldo
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amira Koro Spahic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Almedina Zuko
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Edin Satrovic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amer Alic
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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25
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Freitas N, Legros V, Cosset FL. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a growing threat to Europe. C R Biol 2022; 345:17-36. [DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Mishra AK, Hellert J, Freitas N, Guardado-Calvo P, Haouz A, Fels JM, Maurer DP, Abelson DM, Bornholdt ZA, Walker LM, Chandran K, Cosset FL, McLellan JS, Rey FA. Structural basis of synergistic neutralization of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus by human antibodies. Science 2022; 375:104-109. [PMID: 34793197 PMCID: PMC9771711 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl6502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the most widespread tick-borne zoonotic virus, with a 30% case fatality rate in humans. Structural information is lacking in regard to the CCHFV membrane fusion glycoprotein Gc—the main target of the host neutralizing antibody response—as well as antibody–mediated neutralization mechanisms. We describe the structure of prefusion Gc bound to the antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) of two neutralizing antibodies that display synergy when combined, as well as the structure of trimeric, postfusion Gc. The structures show the two Fabs acting in concert to block membrane fusion, with one targeting the fusion loops and the other blocking Gc trimer formation. The structures also revealed the neutralization mechanism of previously reported antibodies against CCHFV, providing the molecular underpinnings essential for developing CCHFV–specific medical countermeasures for epidemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaash K. Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA 78712
| | - Jan Hellert
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, Cedex 15, Paris, France 75724
| | - Natalia Freitas
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, Lyon, France 69007
| | - Pablo Guardado-Calvo
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, Cedex 15, Paris, France 75724
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- Crystallography Platform C2RT, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, Cedex 15, Paris, France 75724
| | - J. Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA 10461
| | | | | | | | | | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA 10461
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, Lyon, France 69007
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA 78712,Correspondence: (J.S.M.); (F.A.R)
| | - Felix A. Rey
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, Cedex 15, Paris, France 75724,Correspondence: (J.S.M.); (F.A.R)
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27
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Capabilities of global high-level isolation units: A pre-workshop survey. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2021; 43:1679-1685. [PMID: 34847983 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess experience, physical infrastructure, and capabilities of high-level isolation units (HLIUs) planning to participate in a 2018 global HLIU workshop hosted by the US National Emerging Special Pathogens Training and Education Center (NETEC). DESIGN An electronic survey elicited information on general HLIU organization, operating costs, staffing models, and infection control protocols of select global units. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The survey was distributed to site representatives of 22 HLIUs located in the United States, Europe, and Asia; 19 (86%) responded. METHODS Data were coded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS The mean annual reported budget for the 19 responding units was US$484,615. Most (89%) had treated a suspected or confirmed case of a high-consequence infectious disease. Reported composition of trained teams included a broad range of clinical and nonclinical roles. The mean number of HLIU beds was 6.37 (median, 4; range, 2-20) for adults and 4.23 (median, 2; range, 1-10) for children; however, capacity was dependent on pathogen. CONCLUSIONS Responding HLIUs represent some of the most experienced HLIUs in the world. Variation in reported unit infrastructure, capabilities, and procedures demonstrate the variety of HLIU approaches. A number of technical questions unique to HLIUs remain unanswered related to physical design, infection prevention and control procedures, and staffing and training. These key areas represent potential focal points for future evidence and practice guidelines. These data are important considerations for hospitals considering the design and development of HLIUs, and there is a need for continued global HLIU collaboration to define best practices.
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28
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Host response transcriptomic analysis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever pathogenesis in the cynomolgus macaque model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19807. [PMID: 34615921 PMCID: PMC8494817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a highly pathogenic tick-borne RNA virus prevalent in Asia, Europe, and Africa, and can cause a hemorrhagic disease (CCHF) in humans with mortality rates as high as 60%. A general lack of both effective medical countermeasures and a comprehensive understanding of disease pathogenesis is partly driven by an historical lack of viable CCHF animal models. Recently, a cynomolgous macaque model of CCHF disease was developed. Here, we document the targeted transcriptomic response of non-human primates (NHP) to two different CCHFV strains; Afghan09-2990 and Kosova Hoti that both yielded a mild CCHF disease state. We utilized a targeted gene panel to elucidate the transcriptomic changes occurring in NHP whole blood during CCHFV infection; a first for any primate species. We show numerous upregulated genes starting at 1 day post-challenge through 14 days post-challenge. Early gene changes fell predominantly in the interferon stimulated gene family with later gene changes coinciding with an adaptive immune response to the virus. There are subtle differences between viral strains, namely duration of the differentially expressed gene response and biological pathways enriched. After recovery, NHPs showed no lasting transcriptomic changes at the end of sample collection.
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29
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Fogerty RL, Aniskiewicz M, Hedges T, Ryan S, Brien P, Beley P, Tangredi M, Mitchell M, d'Atri H, Jansen L, Williams E, LoRusso F, Sevilla M, Menillo J, Doyle D, Parrott H, Sheehan S, Martinello RA, Holmes M. Inpatient Capacity Management during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Yale New Haven Hospital Capacity Expansion Experience. Hosp Top 2021; 100:69-76. [PMID: 34470597 DOI: 10.1080/00185868.2021.1926383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The 2019 SARS-CoV2 virus presented a capacity demand scenario for Yale New Haven Hospital. The response was created with a focus on clinical needs, but was also driven by the unique characteristics of the buildings within our institution. These physical characteristics were considered in the response as a safety measure as little was known about the transmissibility risk in the acute hospital setting of SARS-CoV2 at the time of response. The lessons learned in capacity expansion to meet the potentially catastrophic demand for acute care services due to a novel, poorly understood pathogen are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sean Ryan
- Yale New Haven Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard A Martinello
- Yale New Haven Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Yang Z, Zhang J, Yang S, Wang X, Shen Q, Sun G, Wang H, Zhang W. Virome analysis of ticks in a forest region of Liaoning, China: characterization of a novel hepe-like virus sequence. Virol J 2021; 18:163. [PMID: 34372876 PMCID: PMC8351423 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks (class Arachnida, subclass Acari) are vectors of transmitting a broad range of pathogenic microorganisms, protozoa, and viruses affecting humans and animals. Liaoning Province is rich in forests where different animals and, abundant Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks exist. Methods Using viral metagenomics, we analyzed the virome in 300 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks collected from June to August 2015 in the forested region of Liaoning Province, China. Results From the 300 ticks, 1,218,388 high-quality reads were generated, of which 5643 (0.463%) reads showed significant sequence identity to known viruses. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that viral sequences showing a close relationship with Dabieshan tick virus, Aleutian mink disease virus, adeno-associated virus, Gokushovirus, avian gyrovirus 2 were present in the virome of these ticks. However, the significance of these viruses to human and animal health requires further investigation. Notably, an hepe-like virus, named tick-borne hepe-like virus sequence, was obtained and was highly prevalent in these ticks with a rate of 50%. Nevertheless, one constraint of our study was the limited geographical distribution of the sampled ticks. Conclusion Our study offers an overview of the virome in ticks from a forest region of Liaoning Province and provides further awareness of the viral diversity of ticks. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01632-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shixing Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Shen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangming Sun
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, 131 Huanchen Road, Xuzhou, 221009, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Epidemiological Aspects of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Western Europe: What about the Future? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030649. [PMID: 33801015 PMCID: PMC8003855 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus), mainly transmitted by ticks, belonging to the genus Orthonairovirus (family Nairoviridae, order Bunyavirales). CCHFV causes a potentially severe, or even fatal, human disease, and it is widely distributed in Africa, Asia, eastern Europe and, more recently, in South-western Europe. Until a few years ago, no cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) had been reported in western Europe, with the exception of several travel-associated cases. In 2010, the CCHFV was reported for the first time in South-western Europe when viral RNA was obtained from Hyalomma lusitanicum ticks collected from deer in Cáceres (Spain). Migratory birds from Africa harboring CCHFV-infected ticks and flying to Spain appear to have contributed to the establishment of the virus (genotype III, Africa-3) in this country. In addition, the recent findings in a patient and in ticks from deer and wild boar of viral sequences similar to those from eastern Europe (genotype V, Europe-1), raise the possibility of the introduction of CCHFV into Spain through the animal trade, although the arrival by bird routes cannot be ruled out (Africa-4 has been also recently detected). The seropositive rates of animals detected in regions of South-western Spain suggest an established cycle of tick-host-tick in certain areas, and the segment reassortment detected in the sequenced virus from one patient evidences a high ability to adaptation of the virus. Different ixodid tick genera can be vectors and reservoirs of the virus, although Hyalomma spp. are particularly relevant for its maintenance. This tick genus is common in Mediterranean region but it is currently spreading to new areas, partly due to the climate change and movement of livestock or wild animals. Although to a lesser extent, travels with our pets (and their ticks) may be also a factor to be considered. As a consequence, the virus is expanding from the Balkan region to Central Europe and, more recently, to Western Europe where different genotypes are circulating. Thus, seven human cases confirmed by molecular methods have been reported in Spain from 2016 to August 2020, three of them with a fatal outcome. A One Health approach is essential for the surveillance of fauna and vector populations to assess the risk for humans and animals. We discuss the risk of CCHFV causing epidemic outbreaks in Western Europe.
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Gilbride C, Saunders J, Sharpe H, Maze EA, Limon G, Ludi AB, Lambe T, Belij-Rammerstorfer S. The Integration of Human and Veterinary Studies for Better Understanding and Management of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever. Front Immunol 2021; 12:629636. [PMID: 33815379 PMCID: PMC8012513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks that occur as a result of zoonotic spillover from an animal reservoir continue to highlight the importance of studying the disease interface between species. One Health approaches recognise the interdependence of human and animal health and the environmental interplay. Improving the understanding and prevention of zoonotic diseases may be achieved through greater consideration of these relationships, potentially leading to better health outcomes across species. In this review, special emphasis is given on the emerging and outbreak pathogen Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFV) that can cause severe disease in humans. We discuss the efforts undertaken to better understand CCHF and the importance of integrating veterinary and human research for this pathogen. Furthermore, we consider the use of closely related nairoviruses to model human disease caused by CCHFV. We discuss intervention approaches with potential application for managing CCHFV spread, and how this concept may benefit both animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Gilbride
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Saunders
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Kuehnert PA, Stefan CP, Badger CV, Ricks KM. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV): A Silent but Widespread Threat. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2021; 8:141-147. [PMID: 33747715 PMCID: PMC7959879 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review is aimed at highlighting recent research and articles on the complicated relationship between virus, vector, and host and how biosurveillance at each level informs disease spread and risk. Recent Findings While human cases of CCHFV and tick identification in non-endemic areas in 2019–2020 were reported to sites such as ProMed, there is a gap in recent published literature on these and broader CCHFV surveillance efforts from the late 2010s. Summary A review of the complex aspects of CCHFV maintenance in the environment coupled with high fatality rate and lack of vaccines and therapeutics warrants the need for a One-Health approach toward detection and increased biosurveillance programs for CCHFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Kuehnert
- Diagnostic Systems Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Christopher P Stefan
- Diagnostic Systems Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Catherine V Badger
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Keersten M Ricks
- Diagnostic Systems Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
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Dzimianski JV, Mace SL, Williams IL, Freitas BT, Pegan SD. Flipping the substrate preference of Hazara virus ovarian tumour domain protease through structure-based mutagenesis. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2020; 76:1114-1123. [PMID: 33135682 PMCID: PMC7604911 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320012875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nairoviruses are arthropod-borne viruses with a nearly global geographical distribution. Several are known causative agents of human disease, including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which has a case fatality rate that can exceed 30%. Nairoviruses encode an ovarian tumour domain protease (OTU) that can suppress the innate immune response by reversing post-translational modifications by ubiquitin (Ub) and/or interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15). As a result, the OTU has been identified as a potential target for the development of CCHFV therapeutics. Despite sharing the same general fold, nairoviral OTUs show structural and enzymatic diversity. The CCHFV OTU, for example, possesses activity towards both Ub and ISG15, while the Hazara virus (HAZV) OTU interacts exclusively with Ub. Virology studies focused on the OTU have mostly been restricted to CCHFV, which requires BSL-4 containment facilities. Although HAZV has been proposed as a BSL-2 alternative, differences in the engagement of substrates by CCHFV and HAZV OTUs may present complicating factors when trying to model one using the other. To understand the molecular underpinnings of the differences in activity, a 2.78 Å resolution crystal structure of HAZV OTU bound to Ub was solved. Using structure-guided site-directed mutagenesis, HAZV OTUs were engineered with altered or eliminated deubiquitinase activity, including one with an exclusive activity for ISG15. Additionally, analysis of the structure yielded insights into the difference in inhibition observed between CCHFV and HAZV OTUs with a Ub-based inhibitor. These new insights present opportunities to utilize HAZV as a model system to better understand the role of the OTU in the context of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V. Dzimianski
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Savannah L. Mace
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Isabelle L. Williams
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Brendan T. Freitas
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Scott D. Pegan
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Noreen N, Saima D, Irum N, Asghar RJ, Faiz AU, Mohiuddin N, Ali Khan M, Ullah Khan N, Khudaidad F, Khalid Khan F. ‘Characterisation of suspected Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) cases in a public sector hospital Islamabad’. GLOBAL SECURITY: HEALTH, SCIENCE AND POLICY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23779497.2020.1823869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Noreen
- Directorate of Central Health Establishments, IIAP (Airport Health Establishment), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Dil Saima
- Livestock & Diary Department, FELTP Pakistan, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Irum
- Administration, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Jawad Asghar
- Public Health Department, CEO Global Health Strategists & Implementers (GHSI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah Faiz
- Regulations, Services & Coordinations, Ministry of National Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naseer Mohiuddin
- Regulations, Services & Coordinations, Ministry of National Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Ali Khan
- Federal Disease Surveillance Division, NIH, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ullah Khan
- Department of Surgery, Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farida Khudaidad
- Department Bolan University of Medical & Health Sciences, FELTP alumnus, Quetta, Pakistan
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Mummah RO, Hoff NA, Rimoin AW, Lloyd-Smith JO. Controlling emerging zoonoses at the animal-human interface. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2020; 2:17. [PMID: 33073176 PMCID: PMC7550773 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-020-00024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many emerging or re-emerging pathogens, cases in humans arise from a mixture of introductions (via zoonotic spillover from animal reservoirs or geographic spillover from endemic regions) and secondary human-to-human transmission. Interventions aiming to reduce incidence of these infections can be focused on preventing spillover or reducing human-to-human transmission, or sometimes both at once, and typically are governed by resource constraints that require policymakers to make choices. Despite increasing emphasis on using mathematical models to inform disease control policies, little attention has been paid to guiding rational disease control at the animal-human interface. METHODS We introduce a modeling framework to analyze the impacts of different disease control policies, focusing on pathogens exhibiting subcritical transmission among humans (i.e. pathogens that cannot establish sustained human-to-human transmission). We quantify the relative effectiveness of measures to reduce spillover (e.g. reducing contact with animal hosts), human-to-human transmission (e.g. case isolation), or both at once (e.g. vaccination), across a range of epidemiological contexts. RESULTS We provide guidelines for choosing which mode of control to prioritize in different epidemiological scenarios and considering different levels of resource and relative costs. We contextualize our analysis with current zoonotic pathogens and other subcritical pathogens, such as post-elimination measles, and control policies that have been applied. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides a model-based, theoretical foundation to understand and guide policy for subcritical zoonoses, integrating across disciplinary and species boundaries in a manner consistent with One Health principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley O. Mummah
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Nicole A. Hoff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Anne W. Rimoin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - James O. Lloyd-Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Hazara Nairovirus Requires COPI Components in both Arf1-Dependent and Arf1-Independent Stages of Its Replication Cycle. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00766-20. [PMID: 32581103 PMCID: PMC7431787 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00766-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nairoviruses are tick-borne enveloped RNA viruses that include several pathogens responsible for fatal disease in humans and animals. Here, we analyzed host genes involved in trafficking networks to examine their involvement in nairovirus replication. We revealed important roles for genes that express multiple components of the COPI complex, which regulates transport of Golgi apparatus-resident cargos. COPI components influenced at least two stages of the nairovirus replication cycle: an early stage prior to and including gene expression and also a later stage during assembly of infectious virus, with COPI knockdown reducing titers by approximately 1,000-fold. Importantly, while the late stage was Arf1 dependent, as expected for canonical COPI vesicle formation, the early stage was found to be Arf1 independent, suggestive of a previously unreported function of COPI unrelated to vesicle formation. Collectively, these data improve our understanding of nairovirus host-pathogen interactions and suggest a new Arf1-independent role for components of the COPI coatomer complex. Hazara nairovirus (HAZV) is an enveloped trisegmented negative-strand RNA virus classified within the Nairoviridae family of the Bunyavirales order and a member of the same subtype as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, responsible for fatal human disease. Nairoviral subversion of cellular trafficking pathways to permit viral entry, gene expression, assembly, and egress is poorly understood. Here, we generated a recombinant HAZV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein and used live-cell fluorescent imaging to screen an siRNA library targeting genes involved in cellular trafficking networks, the first such screen for a nairovirus. The screen revealed prominent roles for subunits of the coat protein 1 (COPI)-vesicle coatomer, which regulates retrograde trafficking of cargo between the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as intra-Golgi transport. We show the requirement of COPI-coatomer subunits impacted at least two stages of the HAZV replication cycle: an early stage prior to and including gene expression and also a later stage during assembly and egress of infectious virus, with COPI-knockdown reducing titers by approximately 1,000-fold. Treatment of HAZV-infected cells with brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of Arf1 activation required for COPI coatomer formation, revealed that this late COPI-dependent stage was Arf1 dependent, consistent with the established role of Arf1 in COPI vesicle formation. In contrast, the early COPI-dependent stage was Arf1 independent, with neither BFA treatment nor siRNA-mediated ARF1 knockdown affecting HAZV gene expression. HAZV exploitation of COPI components in a noncanonical Arf1-independent process suggests that COPI coatomer components may perform roles unrelated to vesicle formation, adding further complexity to our understanding of cargo-mediated transport. IMPORTANCE Nairoviruses are tick-borne enveloped RNA viruses that include several pathogens responsible for fatal disease in humans and animals. Here, we analyzed host genes involved in trafficking networks to examine their involvement in nairovirus replication. We revealed important roles for genes that express multiple components of the COPI complex, which regulates transport of Golgi apparatus-resident cargos. COPI components influenced at least two stages of the nairovirus replication cycle: an early stage prior to and including gene expression and also a later stage during assembly of infectious virus, with COPI knockdown reducing titers by approximately 1,000-fold. Importantly, while the late stage was Arf1 dependent, as expected for canonical COPI vesicle formation, the early stage was found to be Arf1 independent, suggestive of a previously unreported function of COPI unrelated to vesicle formation. Collectively, these data improve our understanding of nairovirus host-pathogen interactions and suggest a new Arf1-independent role for components of the COPI coatomer complex.
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