1
|
Dinter MC, Bickelmann C, Nickels RM, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Microvascular Fragment-Loaded Platelet-Rich Plasma Dressing Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2024; 13:336-349. [PMID: 38299944 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2023.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chronic wounds represent a considerable burden for the affected patients and the health care system. To overcome this problem, effective treatment strategies are urgently required. In this study, we tested a novel approach by combining platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and microvascular fragments (MVF) to create a prevascularized gel dressing. Approach: MVF were enzymatically isolated from the epididymal fat pads of transgenic green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ C57BL/6J donor mice. Subsequently, 5,000 MVF were suspended in 10 μL murine PRP as carrier and transferred into full-thickness skin wounds within dorsal skinfold chambers of C57BL/6J wild-type mice (PRP+MVF). Wound healing in comparison to empty wounds (control) and wounds filled with PRP alone was repeatedly analyzed throughout 14 days by means of stereomicroscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Results: Planimetric assessment of the wound size over time revealed a significantly accelerated and improved healing of PRP+MVF-treated wounds when compared with PRP-treated and empty control wounds. These wounds also exhibited a significantly higher density of blood and lymph vessels, which originated from the GFP+ MVF isolates and effectively promoted granulation tissue formation inside the skin defects. Innovation: This study is the first to combine PRP and MVF for the improvement of wound healing. Conclusion: The combination of PRP and MVF represents a promising approach for the future treatment of wounds that do not heal spontaneously due to poor wound-healing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melina C Dinter
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Bickelmann
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Nickels
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dravid AA, Singh A, García AJ. Biomaterial-Based Therapeutic Delivery of Immune Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400586. [PMID: 38813869 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Immune cell therapy (ICT) is a transformative approach used to treat a wide range of diseases including type 1 diabetes, sickle cell disease, disorders of the hematopoietic system, and certain forms of cancers. Despite excellent clinical successes, the scope of adoptively transferred immune cells is limited because of toxicities like cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity in patients. Furthermore, reports suggest that such treatment can impact major organ systems including cardiac, renal, pulmonary, and hepatic systems in the long term. Additionally, adoptively transferred immune cells cannot achieve significant penetration into solid tissues, thus limiting their therapeutic potential. Recent studies suggest that biomaterial-assisted delivery of immune cells can address these challenges by reducing toxicity, improving localization, and maintaining desired phenotypes to eventually regain tissue function. In this review, recent efforts in the field of biomaterial-based immune cell delivery for the treatment of diseases, their pros and cons, and where these approaches stand in terms of clinical treatment are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameya A Dravid
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
You X, Chen K, Li J, Xu Y, Gao J, Yao Y. Human Adipose-Derived Microvessel Fragments: A Natural Vascularization Units for Ischemic Diseases. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04062-6. [PMID: 38777930 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plastic surgery tissue transplantation, tissue ischemia limits transplanted tissue survival. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) show potential for promoting angiogenesis and rescuing ischemic conditions. However, when SVF and ASC suspensions are utilized without the protection of extracellular matrix, the retention rate of transplanted cells tends to be diminished, leading to an unsatisfactory therapeutic outcome. To overcome this, adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (ad-MVFs) have emerged as a promising solution. METHODS We conducted enzymatic digestion on human adipose tissue to generate ad-MVFs. These fragments underwent a thorough characterization process, utilizing electron microscopy to assess their structural attributes and enabling a detailed analysis of their intricate morphology. Furthermore, our team investigated the cellular composition of these microvascular fragments, subsequently confirming their ability to enhance the viability of ischemic skin flaps. RESULTS The resulting product primarily comprised fragments with sizes ranging from 20 to 50 µm, and some exhibited a sophisticated network-like structure. Electron microscopy examination revealed the presence of collagen components in the product. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis indicated a substantial abundance of adipose-derived stem cells and endothelial cells within these microvascular fragments. Significantly, when tested in treating an ischemic skin flap in a nude mouse model, the product exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy compared to SVF cell suspension. CONCLUSION We have successfully generated human ad-MVFs and established standardized procedures. Compared with SVF, Ad-MVFs have a better effect in the treatment of ischemic diseases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin You
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiqi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - YiDan Xu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - JianHua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Strobel HA, Moss SM, Hoying JB. Isolated Fragments of Intact Microvessels: Tissue Vascularization, Modeling, and Therapeutics. Microcirculation 2024; 31:e12852. [PMID: 38619428 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The microvasculature is integral to nearly every tissue in the body, providing not only perfusion to and from the tissue, but also homing sites for immune cells, cellular niches for tissue dynamics, and cooperative interactions with other tissue elements. As a microtissue itself, the microvasculature is a composite of multiple cell types exquisitely organized into structures (individual vessel segments and extensive vessel networks) capable of considerable dynamics and plasticity. Consequently, it has been challenging to include a functional microvasculature in assembled or fabricated tissues. Isolated fragments of intact microvessels, which retain the cellular composition and structures of native microvessels, are proving effective in a variety of vascularization applications including tissue in vitro disease modeling, vascular biology, mechanistic discovery, and tissue prevascularization in regenerative therapeutics and grafting. In this review, we will discuss the importance of recapitulating native tissue biology and the successful vascularization applications of isolated microvessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M Moss
- Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Manchester, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang Y, Perez-Moreno M. Translational frontiers: insight from lymphatics in skin regeneration. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1347558. [PMID: 38487264 PMCID: PMC10937408 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1347558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The remarkable regenerative ability of the skin, governed by complex molecular mechanisms, offers profound insights into the skin repair processes and the pathogenesis of various dermatological conditions. This understanding, derived from studies in human skin and various model systems, has not only deepened our knowledge of skin regeneration but also facilitated the development of skin substitutes in clinical practice. Recent research highlights the crucial role of lymphatic vessels in skin regeneration. Traditionally associated with fluid dynamics and immune modulation, these vessels are now recognized for interacting with skin stem cells and coordinating regeneration. This Mini Review provides an overview of recent advancements in basic and translational research related to skin regeneration, focusing on the dynamic interplay between lymphatic vessels and skin biology. Key highlights include the critical role of stem cell-lymphatic vessel crosstalk in orchestrating skin regeneration, emerging translational approaches, and their implications for skin diseases. Additionally, the review identifies research gaps and proposes potential future directions, underscoring the significance of this rapidly evolving research arena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirna Perez-Moreno
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
La Monica F, Campora S, Ghersi G. Collagen-Based Scaffolds for Chronic Skin Wound Treatment. Gels 2024; 10:137. [PMID: 38391467 PMCID: PMC10888252 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds, commonly known as ulcers, represent a significant challenge to public health, impacting millions of individuals every year and imposing a significant financial burden on the global health system. Chronic wounds result from the interruption of the natural wound-healing process due to internal and/or external factors, resulting in slow or nonexistent recovery. Conventional medical approaches are often inadequate to deal with chronic wounds, necessitating the exploration of new methods to facilitate rapid and effective healing. In recent years, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have emerged as promising avenues to encourage tissue regeneration. These approaches aim to achieve anatomical and functional restoration of the affected area through polymeric components, such as scaffolds or hydrogels. This review explores collagen-based biomaterials as potential therapeutic interventions for skin chronic wounds, specifically focusing on infective and diabetic ulcers. Hence, the different approaches described are classified on an action-mechanism basis. Understanding the issues preventing chronic wound healing and identifying effective therapeutic alternatives could indicate the best way to optimize therapeutic units and to promote more direct and efficient healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco La Monica
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Campora
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Limido E, Weinzierl A, Ampofo E, Harder Y, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Nanofat Accelerates and Improves the Vascularization, Lymphatic Drainage and Healing of Full-Thickness Murine Skin Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:851. [PMID: 38255932 PMCID: PMC10815416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of wounds using the body's own resources is a promising approach to support the physiological regenerative process. To advance this concept, we evaluated the effect of nanofat (NF) on wound healing. For this purpose, full-thickness skin defects were created in dorsal skinfold chambers of wild-type mice. These defects were filled with NF generated from the inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue of green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ donor mice, which was stabilized using platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Empty wounds and wounds solely filled with PRP served as controls. Wound closure, vascularization and formation of granulation tissue were repeatedly analyzed using stereomicroscopy, intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry over an observation period of 14 days. PRP + NF-treated wounds exhibited accelerated vascularization and wound closure when compared to controls. This was primarily due to the fact that the grafted NF contained a substantial fraction of viable GFP+ vascular and lymph vessel fragments, which interconnected with the GFP- vessels of the host tissue. Moreover, the switch from inflammatory M1- to regenerative M2-polarized macrophages was promoted in PRP + NF-treated wounds. These findings indicate that NF markedly accelerates and improves the wound healing process and, thus, represents a promising autologous product for future wound management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Limido
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (E.L.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Andrea Weinzierl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (E.L.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (M.D.M.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (E.L.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Yves Harder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (E.L.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (E.L.); (A.W.); (E.A.); (M.D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meßner FC, Metzger W, Marschall JE, Bickelmann C, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Generation of Connective Tissue-Free Microvascular Fragment Isolates from Subcutaneous Fat Tissue of Obese Mice. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:1079-1090. [PMID: 37783934 PMCID: PMC10645785 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular fragment (MVF) isolates are generated by short-term enzymatic digestion of adipose tissue and contain numerous vessel segments for the vascularization of tissue defects. Recent findings indicate that the functionality of these isolates is determined by the quality of the fat source. Therefore, we compared MVF isolates from subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese and lean mice. METHODS MVF isolates were generated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of donor mice, which received a high fat or control diet for 12 weeks. The isolates were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Feeding of mice with a high fat diet induced obesity with adipocyte hypertrophy, resulting in a significantly lower collagen fraction and microvessel density within the subcutaneous fat depots when compared to lean controls. Accordingly, MVF isolates from obese mice also contained a reduced number of MVF per mL adipose tissue. However, these MVF tended to be longer and, in contrast to MVF from lean mice, were not contaminated with collagen fibers. Hence, they could be freely seeded onto collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, whereas MVF from lean controls were trapped in between large amounts of collagen fibers that clogged the pores of the scaffolds. In line with these results, scaffolds seeded with MVF isolates from obese mice exhibited a significantly improved in vivo vascularization after implantation into full-thickness skin defects. CONCLUSION Subcutaneous adipose tissue from obese mice facilitates the generation of connective tissue-free MVF isolates. Translated to clinical conditions, these findings suggest that particularly obese patients may benefit from MVF-based vascularization strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike C Meßner
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Metzger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Julia E Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Bickelmann
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Park GT, Lim JK, Choi EB, Lim MJ, Yun BY, Kim DK, Yoon JW, Hong YG, Chang JH, Bae SH, Ahn JY, Kim JH. Transplantation of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments promotes therapy of critical limb ischemia. Biomater Res 2023; 27:70. [PMID: 37455318 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments are functional vessel segments derived from arterioles, capillaries, and veins. Microvascular fragments can be used as vascularization units in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering containing microvascular networks. However, the in vivo therapeutic and vascularization properties of human microvascular fragments have not been investigated. METHODS In this study, we isolated microvascular fragments, stromal vascular fractions, and mesenchymal stem cells from human lipoaspirate and studied their therapeutic efficacy and in vivo vasculogenic activity in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. In addition, in vivo angiogenic activity and engraftment of microvascular fragments into blood vessels were measured using Matrigel plug assay. RESULTS Both microvascular fragments and stromal vascular fractions contain not only mesenchymal stem cells but also endothelial progenitor cells. In a Matrigel plug assay, microvascular fragments increased the number of blood vessels containing red blood cells more than mesenchymal stem cells and stromal vascular fractions did. The engraftment of the microvascular fragments transplanted in blood vessels within the Matrigel plug significantly increased compared to the engraftment of mesenchymal stem cells and stromal vascular fractions. Moreover, intramuscular injection of microvascular fragments markedly increased blood flow in the ischemic hindlimbs and alleviated tissue necrosis compared to that of mesenchymal stem cells or stromal vascular fractions. Furthermore, transplanted microvascular fragments formed new blood vessels in ischemic limbs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that microvascular fragments show improved engraftment efficiency and vasculogenic activity in vivo and are highly useful for treating ischemic diseases and in tissue engineering. Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments are vascularization units in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering containing microvascular networks. Intramuscular injection of microvascular fragments markedly increased blood flow in the ischemic hindlimbs and alleviated tissue necrosis. The present study suggests that microvascular fragments show improved engraftment efficiency and vasculogenic activity in vivo and are highly useful for treating ischemic diseases and in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Lim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bae Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Lim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Yun
- UVA Surgery Clinic, Busan, 47537, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Gi Hong
- BS The Body Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic, Busan, 47287, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chang
- BS The Body Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic, Busan, 47287, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Bae
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yong Ahn
- UVA Surgery Clinic, Busan, 47537, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weinzierl A, Harder Y, Schmauss D, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Microvascular Fragments Protect Ischemic Musculocutaneous Flap Tissue from Necrosis by Improving Nutritive Tissue Perfusion and Suppressing Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051454. [PMID: 37239125 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular fragments (MVF) derived from enzymatically digested adipose tissue are functional vessel segments that have been shown to increase the survival rate of surgical flaps. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified so far. To achieve this, we raised random-pattern musculocutaneous flaps on the back of wild-type mice and mounted them into dorsal skinfold chambers. The flaps were injected with MVF that were freshly isolated from green fluorescent protein-positive (GFP+) donor mice or saline solution (control). On days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 after surgery, intravital fluorescence microscopy was performed for the quantitative assessment of angiogenesis, nutritive blood perfusion, and flap necrosis. Subsequently, the flaps were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. The injection of MVF reduced necrosis of the ischemic flap tissue by ~20%. When compared to controls, MVF-injected flaps also displayed a significantly higher functional capillary density and number of newly formed microvessels in the transition zone, where vital tissue bordered on necrotic tissue. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a markedly lower number of cleaved caspase-3+ apoptotic cells in the transition zone of MVF-injected flaps and a significantly increased number of CD31+ microvessels in both the flaps' base and transition zone. Up to ~10% of these microvessels were GFP+, proving their origin from injected MVF. These findings demonstrate that MVF reduce flap necrosis by increasing angiogenesis, improving nutritive tissue perfusion, and suppressing apoptosis. Hence, the injection of MVF may represent a promising strategy to reduce ischemia-induced flap necrosis in future clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Weinzierl
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves Harder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schmauss
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hofmann E, Schwarz A, Fink J, Kamolz LP, Kotzbeck P. Modelling the Complexity of Human Skin In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030794. [PMID: 36979772 PMCID: PMC10045055 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as an important barrier protecting the body from physical, chemical and pathogenic hazards as well as regulating the bi-directional transport of water, ions and nutrients. In order to improve the knowledge on skin structure and function as well as on skin diseases, animal experiments are often employed, but anatomical as well as physiological interspecies differences may result in poor translatability of animal-based data to the clinical situation. In vitro models, such as human reconstructed epidermis or full skin equivalents, are valuable alternatives to animal experiments. Enormous advances have been achieved in establishing skin models of increasing complexity in the past. In this review, human skin structures are described as well as the fast evolving technologies developed to reconstruct the complexity of human skin structures in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hofmann
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Schwarz
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Fink
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- COREMED—Centre of Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Reconstruction, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gonzalez Porras MA, Stojkova K, Acosta FM, Rathbone CR, Brey EM. Engineering Human Beige Adipose Tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:906395. [PMID: 35845420 PMCID: PMC9283722 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.906395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we described a method for generating functional, beige (thermogenic) adipose microtissues from human microvascular fragments (MVFs). The MVFs were isolated from adipose tissue acquired from adults over 50 years of age. The tissues express thermogenic gene markers and reproduce functions essential for the potential therapeutic impact of beige adipose tissues such as enhanced lipid metabolism and increased mitochondrial respiration. MVFs serve as a potential single, autologous source of cells that can be isolated from adult patients, induced to recreate functional aspects of beige adipose tissue and enable rapid vascularization post-transplantation. This approach has the potential to be used as an autologous therapy for metabolic diseases or as a model for the development of a personalized approach to high-throughput drug development/screening for adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Francisca M. Acosta
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Christopher R. Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Weinzierl A, Harder Y, Schmauss D, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Boosting Tissue Vascularization: Nanofat as a Potential Source of Functional Microvessel Segments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:820835. [PMID: 35186904 PMCID: PMC8854281 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.820835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanofat is increasingly applied in plastic surgery for the improvement of scar quality and skin rejuvenation. However, little is known about the underlying regenerative mechanisms. Therefore, we herein investigated nanofat grafts in a murine dorsal skinfold chamber model. Nanofat generated from subcutaneous, inguinal adipose tissue of green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ C57BL/6 male and female donor mice was injected intracutaneously into dorsal skinfold chambers of gender-matched GFP− wild-type mice. The vascularization and tissue composition of the grafted nanofat were analyzed by means of intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry over an observation period of 14 days. The freshly generated nanofat consisted of small fragments of perilipin+ adipocytes surrounded by Sirius red+ collagen fibers and still contained intact CD31+/GFP+ vessel segments. After transplantation into the dorsal skinfold chamber, these vessel segments survived and developed interconnections to the surrounding CD31+/GFP− host microvasculature. Accordingly, the grafted nanofat rapidly vascularized and formed new microvascular networks with a high functional microvessel density on day 14 without marked differences between male and female mice. Even though further research is needed to confirm these findings, the present study suggests that nanofat boosts tissue vascularization. Thus, nanofat may represent a versatile resource for many applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Weinzierl
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andrea Weinzierl,
| | - Yves Harder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schmauss
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Frueh FS, Gassert L, Scheuer C, Müller A, Fries P, Boewe AS, Ampofo E, Rübe CE, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments promote lymphangiogenesis in a murine lymphedema model. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221109957. [PMID: 35923176 PMCID: PMC9340320 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221109957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphedema after cancer treatment is common and there is still no cure for this disease. We herein investigated the lymphangiogenic capacity of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF), which contain stem cells and lymphatic vessel fragments. Secondary lymphedema was induced in the hindlimbs of C57BL/6J mice. Green fluorescence protein (GFP)+ MVF were isolated from transgenic C57BL/6Tg (CAG-EGFP)1Osb/J mice, suspended in collagen hydrogel, and injected in the lymphadenectomy defect of wild-type animals. This crossover model allowed the detection of MVF-derived blood and lymphatic vessels after transplantation. The MVF group was compared with animals receiving collagen hydrogel only or a sham intervention. Lymphangiogenic effects were analyzed using volumetry, magnetic resonance (MR) lymphography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. MVF injection resulted in reduced hindlimb volumes when compared to non-treated controls. MR lymphography revealed lymphatic regeneration with reduced dermal backflow after MVF treatment. Finally, MVF transplantation promoted popliteal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis associated with a significantly increased microvessel and lymphatic vessel density. These findings indicate that MVF transplantation represents a promising approach to induce therapeutic lymphangiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian S Frueh
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Laura Gassert
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Claudia Scheuer
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Peter Fries
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anne S Boewe
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Claudia E Rübe
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Acosta FM, Howland KK, Stojkova K, Hernandez E, Brey EM, Rathbone CR. Adipogenic Differentiation Alters Properties of Vascularized Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:54-68. [PMID: 34102861 PMCID: PMC8812504 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the engineering of comprehensive skeletal muscle models in vitro will improve drug screening platforms and can lead to better therapeutic approaches for the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries. To this end, a vascularized tissue-engineered skeletal muscle (TE-SkM) model that includes adipocytes was developed to better emulate the intramuscular adipose tissue that is observed in skeletal muscles of patients with diseases such as diabetes. Muscle precursor cells cultured with and without microvessels derived from adipose tissue (microvascular fragments) were used to generate TE-SkM constructs, with and without a microvasculature, respectively. TE-SkM constructs were treated with adipogenic induction media to induce varying levels of adipogenesis. With a delayed addition of induction media to allow for angiogenesis, a robust microvasculature in conjunction with an increased content of adipocytes was achieved. The augmentation of vascularized TE-SkM constructs with adipocytes caused a reduction in maturation (compaction), mechanical integrity (Young's modulus), and myotube and vessel alignment. An increase in basal glucose uptake was observed in both levels of adipogenic induction, and a diminished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was associated with the higher level of adipogenic differentiation and the greater number of adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca M. Acosta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kennedy K. Howland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher R. Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Address correspondence to: Christopher R. Rathbone, PhD, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Später T, Marschall JE, Brücker LK, Nickels RM, Metzger W, Mai AS, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Adipose Tissue-Derived Microvascular Fragments From Male and Female Fat Donors Exhibit a Comparable Vascularization Capacity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:777687. [PMID: 34778238 PMCID: PMC8578922 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.777687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF) represent effective vascularization units for tissue engineering. Most experimental studies exclusively use epididymal fat tissue of male donor mice as a source for MVF isolation. However, in future clinical practice, MVF-based approaches may be applied in both male and female patients. Therefore, we herein compared the vascularization capacity of MVF isolated from the epididymal and peri-ovarian fat tissue of male and female donor mice. Freshly isolated MVF from male and female donors did not differ in their number, length distribution, viability and cellular composition. After their assembly into spheroids, they also exhibited a comparable in vitro sprouting activity. Moreover, they could be seeded onto collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices, which were implanted into full-thickness skin defects within mouse dorsal skinfold chambers. Repetitive intravital fluorescence microscopy as well as histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a comparable vascularization and incorporation of implants seeded with MVF of male and female origin. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the vascularization capacity of MVF is not gender-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Julia E Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lea K Brücker
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Nickels
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Metzger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Sophie Mai
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Laschke MW, Menger MD. Microvascular fragments in microcirculation research and regenerative medicine. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:1109-1120. [PMID: 34731017 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF) are functional vessel segments, which rapidly reassemble into new microvasculatures under experimental in vitro and in vivo conditions. Accordingly, they have been used for many years in microcirculation research to study basic mechanisms of endothelial cell function, angiogenesis and microvascular network formation in two- and three-dimensional environments. Moreover, they serve as vascularization units for musculoskeletal regeneration and implanted biomaterials as well as for the treatment of myocardial infarction and the generation of prevascularized tissue organoids. Besides, multiple factors determining the vascularization capacity of MVF have been identified, including their tissue origin and cellular composition, the conditions for their short- and long-term storage as well as their implantation site and the general health status and medication of the recipient. The next challenging step is now the successful translation of all these promising experimental findings into clinical practice. If this succeeds, a multitude of future therapeutic applications may significantly benefit from the remarkable properties of MVF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Laschke
- Saarland University, 9379, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Kirrbergerstrasse 100, Homburg, Germany, 66421;
| | - Michael D Menger
- Saarland University, 9379, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Homburg, Saarland, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharma S, Muthu S, Jeyaraman M, Ranjan R, Jha SK. Translational products of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Bench to bedside applications. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1360-1381. [PMID: 34786149 PMCID: PMC8567449 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With developments in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the use of biological products for the treatment of various disorders has come into the limelight among researchers and clinicians. Among all the available biological tissues, research and exploration of adipose tissue have become more robust. Adipose tissue engineering aims to develop by-products and their substitutes for their regenerative and immunomodulatory potential. The use of biodegradable scaffolds along with adipose tissue products has a major role in cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Adipose tissue, apart from being the powerhouse of energy storage, also functions as the largest endocrine organ, with the release of various adipokines. The progenitor cells among the heterogeneous population in the adipose tissue are of paramount importance as they determine the capacity of regeneration of these tissues. The results of adipose-derived stem-cell assisted fat grafting to provide numerous growth factors and adipokines that improve vasculogenesis, fat graft integration, and survival within the recipient tissue and promote the regeneration of tissue are promising. Adipose tissue gives rise to various by-products upon processing. This article highlights the significance and the usage of various adipose tissue by-products, their individual characteristics, and their clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624304, India
- Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010, India
- Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Später T, Marschall JE, Brücker LK, Nickels RM, Metzger W, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Vascularization of Microvascular Fragment Isolates from Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Mice. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 19:161-175. [PMID: 34536211 PMCID: PMC8782984 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF) represent effective vascularization units for tissue engineering. Most experimental studies in rodents exclusively use epididymal adipose tissue as a visceral fat source for MVF isolation. However, in future clinical practice, MVF may be rather isolated from liposuctioned subcutaneous fat tissue of patients. Therefore, we herein compared the vascularization characteristics of MVF isolates from visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue of murine origin. Methods: MVF isolates were generated from visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue of donor mice using two different enzymatic procedures. For in vivo analyses, the MVF isolates were seeded onto collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds and implanted into full-thickness skin defects within dorsal skinfold chambers of recipient mice. Results: By means of the two isolation procedures, we isolated a higher number of MVF from visceral fat tissue when compared to subcutaneous fat tissue, while their length distribution, viability and cellular composition were comparable in both groups. Intravital fluorescence microscopy as well as histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a significantly reduced vascularization of implanted scaffolds seeded with subcutaneous MVF isolates when compared to implants seeded with visceral MVF isolates. Light and scanning electron microscopy showed that this was due to high amounts of undigested connective tissue within the subcutaneous MVF isolates, which clogged the scaffold pores and prevented the interconnection of individual MVF into new microvascular networks. Conclusion: These findings indicate the need for improved protocols to generate connective tissue-free MVF isolates from subcutaneous fat tissue for future translational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Julia E Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lea K Brücker
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Nickels
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Metzger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Laschke MW, Menger MD. The simpler, the better: tissue vascularization using the body's own resources. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:281-290. [PMID: 34404555 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is crucially dependent on sufficient vascularization. In regenerative medicine, this can be effectively achieved by autologous vascularization strategies using the body's own resources. These strategies include the administration of blood-derived factor preparations, adipose tissue-based vascularization, and the in situ engineering of vascularized tissue. Due to their simplicity, the translation of these strategies into clinical practice is easier in terms of feasibility, safety requirements, and regulatory hurdles compared with complex and time-consuming procedures involving intensive cell manipulation. Hence, they are close to clinical application or are already being used to successfully treat patients by distinct personalized medicine concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Soetedjo AAP, Lee JM, Lau HH, Goh GL, An J, Koh Y, Yeong WY, Teo AKK. Tissue engineering and 3D printing of bioartificial pancreas for regenerative medicine in diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:609-622. [PMID: 34154916 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a severe chronic disease worldwide. In various types of diabetes, the pancreatic beta cells fail to secrete sufficient insulin, at some point, to regulate blood glucose levels. Therefore, the replacement of dysfunctional pancreas, islets of Langerhans, or even the insulin-secreting beta cells facilitates physiological regulation of blood glucose levels. However, the current lack of sufficient donor human islets for cell replacement therapy precludes a routine and absolute cure for most of the existing diabetes cases globally. It is envisioned that tissue engineering of a bioartificial pancreas will revolutionize regenerative medicine and the treatment of diabetes. In this review, we discuss the anatomy and physiology of the pancreas, and identify the clinical considerations for engineering a bioartificial pancreas. Subsequently, we dissect the bioengineering problem based on the design of the device, the biomaterial used, and the cells involved. Last but not least, we highlight current tissue engineering challenges and explore potential directions for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Alvin Purnomo Soetedjo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Guo Liang Goh
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jia An
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yexin Koh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Salamone M, Rigogliuso S, Nicosia A, Campora S, Bruno CM, Ghersi G. 3D Collagen Hydrogel Promotes In Vitro Langerhans Islets Vascularization through ad-MVFs Angiogenic Activity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070739. [PMID: 34199087 PMCID: PMC8301445 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose derived microvascular fragments (ad-MVFs) consist of effective vascularization units able to reassemble into efficient microvascular networks. Because of their content in stem cells and related angiogenic activity, ad-MVFs represent an interesting tool for applications in regenerative medicine. Here we show that gentle dissociation of rat adipose tissue provides a mixture of ad-MVFs with a length distribution ranging from 33–955 μm that are able to maintain their original morphology. The isolated units of ad-MVFs that resulted were able to activate transcriptional switching toward angiogenesis, forming tubes, branches, and entire capillary networks when cultured in 3D collagen type-I hydrogel. The proper involvement of metalloproteases (MMP2/MMP9) and serine proteases in basal lamina and extracellular matrix ECM degradation during the angiogenesis were concurrently assessed by the evaluation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression. These results suggest that collagen type-I hydrogel provides an adequate 3D environment supporting the activation of the vascularization process. As a proof of concept, we exploited 3D collagen hydrogel for the setting of ad-MVF–islet of Langerhans coculture to improve the islets vascularization. Our results suggest potential employment of the proposed in vitro system for regenerative medicine applications, such as the improving of the islet of Langerhans engraftment before transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Salamone
- Abiel s.r.l., c/o Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Salvatrice Rigogliuso
- Abiel s.r.l., c/o Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation-National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Simona Campora
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Marco Bruno
- Abiel s.r.l., c/o Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Abiel s.r.l., c/o Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (S.R.); (C.M.B.)
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xu X, Liang C, Gao X, Huang H, Xing X, Tang Q, Yang J, Wu Y, Li M, Li H, Liao L, Tian W. Adipose Tissue-derived Microvascular Fragments as Vascularization Units for Dental Pulp Regeneration. J Endod 2021; 47:1092-1100. [PMID: 33887305 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transplantation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) has emerged as a novel strategy for the regeneration of lost dental pulp after pulpitis and trauma. Dental pulp regeneration of the young permanent tooth with a wide tooth apical foramen has achieved significant progress in the clinical trials. However, because of the narrow apical foramen, dental pulp regeneration in adult teeth using stem cells remains difficult in the clinic. Finding out how to promote vascular reconstitution is essential for the survival of stem cells and the regeneration of dental pulp after transplantation into the adult tooth. METHODS Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (ad-MVFs) were isolated from human adipose tissues. The apoptosis and senescence of DPSCs cultured in conditioned media were evaluated to explore the effects of ad-MVFs on DPSCs. DPSCs combined with ad-MVFs were inserted into the human tooth root segments and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. Regenerated pulplike tissues were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. The vessels in regenerated tissues were analyzed by Micro-CT and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The isolated ad-MVFs contained endothelial cells and pericytes. ad-MVFs effectively prevented the apoptosis and senescence of the transplanted DPSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Combined with DPSCs, ad-MVFs obviously facilitated the formation of vascular networks in the transplants. DPSCs combined with ad-MVFs formed dental pulp-like tissues with abundant cells and matrix after 4 weeks of implantation. The supplementation of ad-MVFs led to more odontoblastlike cells and increased the formation of mineralized substance around the root canal. CONCLUSIONS Cotransplantation with ad-MVFs promotes the angiogenesis and revascularization of transplanted DPSC aggregates, leading to robust regeneration of dental pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haisen Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaotao Xing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maojiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huanian Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Später T, Worringer DM, Menger MM, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Systemic low-dose erythropoietin administration improves the vascularization of collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices seeded with adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211000304. [PMID: 33796250 PMCID: PMC7970228 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF) are used as vascularization
units in tissue engineering. In this study, we investigated whether the
vascularization capacity of MVF can be improved by systemic low-dose
erythropoietin (EPO) administration. MVF were isolated from the epididymal fat
of donor mice and seeded onto collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices, which were
implanted into full-thickness skin defects within dorsal skinfold chambers of
recipient mice. Both donor and recipient mice were treated daily with either EPO
(500 IU/kg) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). The implants were analyzed by
stereomicroscopy, intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology, and
immunohistochemistry. EPO-treated MVF contained a comparable number of
proliferating Ki67+ but less apoptotic cleaved caspase-3+
endothelial cells when compared to vehicle-treated controls. Moreover, EPO
treatment accelerated and improved the in vivo vascularization, blood vessel
maturation, and epithelialization of MVF-seeded matrices. These findings
indicate that systemic low-dose EPO treatment is suitable to enhance the
viability and network-forming capacity of MVF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Denise Ms Worringer
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Maximilian M Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vaghela R, Arkudas A, Horch RE, Hessenauer M. Actually Seeing What Is Going on - Intravital Microscopy in Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:627462. [PMID: 33681162 PMCID: PMC7925911 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.627462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) study approach offers several advantages over in vitro, ex vivo, and 3D models. IVM provides real-time imaging of cellular events, which provides us a comprehensive picture of dynamic processes. Rapid improvement in microscopy techniques has permitted deep tissue imaging at a higher resolution. Advances in fluorescence tagging methods enable tracking of specific cell types. Moreover, IVM can serve as an important tool to study different stages of tissue regeneration processes. Furthermore, the compatibility of different tissue engineered constructs can be analyzed. IVM is also a promising approach to investigate host reactions on implanted biomaterials. IVM can provide instant feedback for improvising tissue engineering strategies. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the requirements and applications of different IVM approaches. First, we will discuss the history of IVM development, and then we will provide an overview of available optical modalities including the pros and cons. Later, we will summarize different fluorescence labeling methods. In the final section, we will discuss well-established chronic and acute IVM models for different organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Vaghela
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hessenauer
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Regenerative Wound Healing by Open Grafting of Autologous Fat and PRP-Gel - A New Concept and Potential Alternative to Flaps. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3349. [PMID: 33564580 PMCID: PMC7859317 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. A new regenerative technique is described that enabled in situ formation of soft tissue bridge for difficult wounds, which otherwise needed flaps, resulting in complete healing in 3/3 cases. The wounds were debrided till healthy bleeding and covered with a triple-layer matrix of platelet-rich fibrin gel, condensed liposuctioned autologous fat, and porous collagen dressing. Negative pressure wound therapy was applied after 48 hours for 4–5 days in 2 cases and after 11 days for 3 weeks in the third case. Rapid vascularization was noted, with regeneration of mature tissue bridge and subsequent epithelization even over the bone. One patient underwent elective replacement of healed epithelium by split skin graft for better aesthetics and durability. This technique, if further validated, may herald a new concept of in situ regeneration, namely transformation of autologous tissue (grafted in gel form) to viable soft tissue.
Collapse
|
27
|
Meijer EM, van Dijk CGM, Kramann R, Verhaar MC, Cheng C. Implementation of Pericytes in Vascular Regeneration Strategies. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:1-21. [PMID: 33231500 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the survival and integration of complex large-sized tissue-engineered (TE) organ constructs that exceed the maximal nutrients and oxygen diffusion distance required for cell survival, graft (pre)vascularization to ensure medium or blood supply is crucial. To achieve this, the morphology and functionality of the microcapillary bed should be mimicked by incorporating vascular cell populations, including endothelium and mural cells. Pericytes play a crucial role in microvascular function, blood vessel stability, angiogenesis, and blood pressure regulation. In addition, tissue-specific pericytes are important in maintaining specific functions in different organs, including vitamin A storage in the liver, renin production in the kidneys and maintenance of the blood-brain-barrier. Together with their multipotential differentiation capacity, this makes pericytes the preferred cell type for application in TE grafts. The use of a tissue-specific pericyte cell population that matches the TE organ may benefit organ function. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature for graft (pre)-vascularization strategies and highlight the possible advantages of using tissue-specific pericytes for specific TE organ grafts. Impact statement The use of a tissue-specific pericyte cell population that matches the tissue-engineered (TE) organ may benefit organ function. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature for graft (pre)vascularization strategies and highlight the possible advantages of using tissue-specific pericytes for specific TE organ grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elana M Meijer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G M van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nalbach L, Roma LP, Schmitt BM, Becker V, Körbel C, Wrublewsky S, Pack M, Später T, Metzger W, Menger MM, Frueh FS, Götz C, Lin H, EM Fox J, MacDonald PE, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Ampofo E. Improvement of islet transplantation by the fusion of islet cells with functional blood vessels. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12616. [PMID: 33135383 PMCID: PMC7799357 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation still represents a promising therapeutic strategy for curative treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, a limited number of organ donors and insufficient vascularization with islet engraftment failure restrict the successful transfer of this approach into clinical practice. To overcome these problems, we herein introduce a novel strategy for the generation of prevascularized islet organoids by the fusion of pancreatic islet cells with functional native microvessels. These insulin-secreting organoids exhibit a significantly higher angiogenic activity compared to freshly isolated islets, cultured islets, and non-prevascularized islet organoids. This is caused by paracrine signaling between the β-cells and the microvessels, mediated by insulin binding to its corresponding receptor on endothelial cells. In vivo, the prevascularized islet organoids are rapidly blood-perfused after transplantation by the interconnection of their autochthonous microvasculature with surrounding blood vessels. As a consequence, a lower number of islet grafts are required to restore normoglycemia in diabetic mice. Thus, prevascularized islet organoids may be used to improve the success rates of clinical islet transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nalbach
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Leticia P Roma
- Biophysics DepartmentCenter for Human and Molecular BiologySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Beate M Schmitt
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Vivien Becker
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Christina Körbel
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Selina Wrublewsky
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Mandy Pack
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Wolfgang Metzger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
| | - Maximilian M Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
- Departement of Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryEberhar Karls University TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Florian S Frueh
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Claudia Götz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
| | - Haopeng Lin
- Department of PharmacologyAlberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Joseline EM Fox
- Department of PharmacologyAlberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of PharmacologyAlberta Diabetes InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental SurgerySaarland UniversityHomburg/SaarGermany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Später T, Ampofo E, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Combining Vascularization Strategies in Tissue Engineering: The Faster Road to Success? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:592095. [PMID: 33364230 PMCID: PMC7752995 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.592095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Oualla-Bachiri W, Fernández-González A, Quiñones-Vico MI, Arias-Santiago S. From Grafts to Human Bioengineered Vascularized Skin Substitutes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8197. [PMID: 33147759 PMCID: PMC7662999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin plays an important role in the maintenance of the human's body physiological homeostasis. It acts as a coverage that protects against infective microorganism or biomechanical impacts. Skin is also implied in thermal regulation and fluid balance. However, skin can suffer several damages that impede normal wound-healing responses and lead to chronic wounds. Since the use of autografts, allografts, and xenografts present source limitations and intense rejection associated problems, bioengineered artificial skin substitutes (BASS) have emerged as a promising solution to address these problems. Despite this, currently available skin substitutes have many drawbacks, and an ideal skin substitute has not been developed yet. The advances that have been produced on tissue engineering techniques have enabled improving and developing new arising skin substitutes. The aim of this review is to outline these advances, including commercially available skin substitutes, to finally focus on future tissue engineering perspectives leading to the creation of autologous prevascularized skin equivalents with a hypodermal-like layer to achieve an exemplary skin substitute that fulfills all the biological characteristics of native skin and contributes to wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wasima Oualla-Bachiri
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (W.O.-B.); (M.I.Q.-V.); (S.A.-S.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-González
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (W.O.-B.); (M.I.Q.-V.); (S.A.-S.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María I. Quiñones-Vico
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (W.O.-B.); (M.I.Q.-V.); (S.A.-S.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (W.O.-B.); (M.I.Q.-V.); (S.A.-S.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Dermatology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Granada University, 18016 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Später T, Mariyanats AO, Syachina MA, Mironov AV, Savelyev AG, Sochilina AV, Menger MD, Vishnyakova PA, Kananykhina EY, Fatkhudinov TK, Sukhikh GT, Spitkovsky DD, Katsen-Globa A, Laschke MW, Popov VK. In Vitro and in Vivo Analysis of Adhesive, Anti-Inflammatory, and Proangiogenic Properties of Novel 3D Printed Hyaluronic Acid Glycidyl Methacrylate Hydrogel Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5744-5757. [PMID: 33320574 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering by computer-assisted extrusion three-dimensional (3D) printing with photocured (λ = 445 nm) hyaluronic acid glycidyl methacrylate (HAGM). The developed product was compared with the polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds generated by means of the original antisolvent 3D printing methodology. The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the scaffolds were analyzed in vitro by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tests, flow cytometry, and scanning electron microscopy. Anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic properties of the scaffolds were evaluated in the dorsal skinfold chamber mouse model by means of intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry throughout an observation period of 14 days. In vitro, none of the scaffolds revealed cytotoxicity on days 1, 2, and 5 after seeding with umbilical cord-derived multipotent stromal cells, and the primary cell adhesion to the surface of HAGM scaffolds was low. In vivo, implanted HAGM scaffolds showed enhanced vascularization and host tissue ingrowth, and the inflammatory response to them was less pronounced compared with PLGA scaffolds. The results indicate excellent biocompatibility and vascularization capacity of the developed 3D printed HAGM scaffolds and position them as strong candidates for advanced tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Aleksandra O Mariyanats
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Syachina
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton V Mironov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G Savelyev
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Sochilina
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Polina A Vishnyakova
- Kulakov Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- Kulakov Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry D Spitkovsky
- Kulakov Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisa Katsen-Globa
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Vladimir K Popov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Campbell KT, Silva EA. Biomaterial Based Strategies for Engineering New Lymphatic Vasculature. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000895. [PMID: 32734721 PMCID: PMC8985521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is essential for tissue regeneration and repair due to its pivotal role in resolving inflammation, immune cell surveillance, lipid transport, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Loss of functional lymphatic vasculature is directly implicated in a variety of diseases, including lymphedema, obesity, and the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Strategies that stimulate the formation of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) could provide an appealing new approach to reverse the progression of these diseases. However, lymphangiogenesis is relatively understudied and stimulating therapeutic lymphangiogenesis faces challenges in precise control of lymphatic vessel formation. Biomaterial delivery systems could be used to unleash the therapeutic potential of lymphangiogenesis for a variety of tissue regenerative applications due to their ability to achieve precise spatial and temporal control of multiple therapeutics, direct tissue regeneration, and improve the survival of delivered cells. In this review, the authors begin by introducing therapeutic lymphangiogenesis as a target for tissue regeneration, then an overview of lymphatic vasculature will be presented followed by a description of the mechanisms responsible for promoting new lymphatic vessels. Importantly, this work will review and discuss current biomaterial applications for stimulating lymphangiogenesis. Finally, challenges and future directions for utilizing biomaterials for lymphangiogenic based treatments are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eduardo A Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu C, Tanaka K, Katsube T, Varès G, Maruyama K, Ninomiya Y, Fardous Z, Sun C, Fujimori A, Moreno SG, Nenoi M, Wang B. Altered Response to Total Body Irradiation of C57BL/6-Tg (CAG-EGFP) Mice. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820951332. [PMID: 32922229 PMCID: PMC7453463 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820951332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a variety of biosystems as a unique bioindicator or biomarker has revolutionized biological research and made groundbreaking achievements, while increasing evidence has shown alterations in biological properties and physiological functions of the cells and animals overexpressing transgenic GFP. In this work, response to total body irradiation (TBI) was comparatively studied in GFP transgenic C57BL/6-Tg (CAG-EGFP) mice and C57BL/6 N wild type mice. It was demonstrated that GFP transgenic mice were more sensitive to radiation-induced bone marrow death, and no adaptive response could be induced. In the nucleated bone marrow cells of GFP transgenic mice exposed to a middle dose, there was a significant increase in both the percentage of cells expressing pro-apoptotic gene Bax and apoptotic cell death. While in wild type cells, lower expression of pro-apoptotic gene Bax and higher expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and significant lower induction of apoptosis were observed compared to GFP transgenic cells. Results suggest that presence of GFP could alter response to TBI at whole body, cellular and molecular levels in mice. These findings indicate that there could be a major influence on the interpretation of the results obtained in GFP transgenic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Liu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Guillaume Varès
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kouichi Maruyama
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ninomiya
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zeenath Fardous
- Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, People’s Republic of Bangladesh
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Stéphanie G. Moreno
- LRTS—François Jacob Institute of Biology, Fundamental Research Division, Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission, Inserm, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- Department of Safety Administration, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Laschke MW, Später T, Menger MD. Microvascular Fragments: More Than Just Natural Vascularization Units. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:24-33. [PMID: 32593437 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments serve as natural vascularization units in angiogenesis research and tissue engineering due to their ability to rapidly reassemble into microvascular networks. Recent studies indicate that they exhibit additional unique properties that may be beneficial for a wide range of future biomedical applications. Their angiogenic activity can be increased during short-term cultivation as a means of adapting their vascularization capacity to patient-specific needs. Moreover, they are a source of endothelial progenitor cells, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, and lymphatic vessel fragments. Finally, they exert immunomodulatory effects, determining the tissue integration of implanted biomaterials. Hence, microvascular fragments represent versatile building blocks for the improvement of vascularization, organotypic tissue formation, lymphatic regeneration, and implant integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kamat P, Frueh FS, McLuckie M, Sanchez-Macedo N, Wolint P, Lindenblatt N, Plock JA, Calcagni M, Buschmann J. Adipose tissue and the vascularization of biomaterials: Stem cells, microvascular fragments and nanofat-a review. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:400-411. [PMID: 32507607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue defects in the human body after trauma and injury require precise reconstruction to regain function. Hence, there is a great demand for clinically translatable approaches with materials that are both biocompatible and biodegradable. They should also be able to adequately integrate within the tissue through sufficient vascularization. Adipose tissue is abundant and easily accessible. It is a valuable tissue source in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, especially with regard to its angiogenic potential. Derivatives of adipose tissue, such as microfat, nanofat, microvascular fragments, stromal vascular fraction and stem cells, are commonly used in research, but also clinically to enhance the vascularization of implants and grafts at defect sites. In plastic surgery, adipose tissue is harvested via liposuction and can be manipulated in three ways (macro-, micro- and nanofat) in the operating room, depending on its ultimate use. Whereas macro- and microfat are used as a filling material for soft tissue injuries, nanofat is an injectable viscous extract that primarily induces tissue remodeling because it is rich in growth factors and stem cells. In contrast to microfat that adds volume to a defect site, nanofat has the potential to be easily combined with scaffold materials due to its liquid and homogenous consistency and is particularly attractive for blood vessel formation. The same is true for microvascular fragments that are easily isolated from adipose tissue through collagenase digestion. In preclinical animal models, it has been convincingly shown that these vascular fragments inosculate with host vessels and subsequently accelerate scaffold perfusion and host tissue integration. Adipose tissue is also an ideal source of stem cells. It yields larger quantities of cells than any other source and is easier to access for both the patient and doctor compared with other sources such as bone marrow. They are often used for tissue regeneration in combination with biomaterials. Adipose-derived stem cells can be applied unmodified or as single cell suspensions. However, certain pretreatments, such as cultivation under hypoxic conditions or three-dimensional spheroids production, may provide substantial benefit with regard to subsequent vascularization in vivo due to induced growth factor production. In this narrative review, derivatives of adipose tissue and the vascularization of biomaterials are addressed in a comprehensive approach, including several sizes of derivatives, such as whole fat flaps for soft tissue engineering, nanofat or stem cells, their secretome and exosomes. Taken together, it can be concluded that adipose tissue and its fractions down to the molecular level promote, enhance and support vascularization of biomaterials. Therefore, there is a high potential of the individual fat component to be used in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranitha Kamat
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian S Frueh
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle McLuckie
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Sanchez-Macedo
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wolint
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan A Plock
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Advances in the Research of Bioinks Based on Natural Collagen, Polysaccharide and Their Derivatives for Skin 3D Bioprinting. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061237. [PMID: 32485901 PMCID: PMC7362214 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin plays an important role in protecting the human body, and wound healing must be set in motion immediately following injury or trauma to restore the normal structure and function of skin. The extracellular matrix component of the skin mainly consists of collagen, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), elastin and hyaluronic acid (HA). Recently, natural collagen, polysaccharide and their derivatives such as collagen, gelatin, alginate, chitosan and pectin have been selected as the matrix materials of bioink to construct a functional artificial skin due to their biocompatible and biodegradable properties by 3D bioprinting, which is a revolutionary technology with the potential to transform both research and medical therapeutics. In this review, we outline the current skin bioprinting technologies and the bioink components for skin bioprinting. We also summarize the bioink products practiced in research recently and current challenges to guide future research to develop in a promising direction. While there are challenges regarding currently available skin bioprinting, addressing these issues will facilitate the rapid advancement of 3D skin bioprinting and its ability to mimic the native anatomy and physiology of skin and surrounding tissues in the future.
Collapse
|
37
|
Später T, Tobias AL, Menger MM, Nickels RM, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Biological coating with platelet-rich plasma and adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments improves the vascularization, biocompatibility and tissue incorporation of porous polyethylene. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:194-206. [PMID: 32194259 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Porous polyethylene (pPE) is a commonly used biomaterial in craniofacial reconstructive surgery. However, implant failure due to insufficient vascularization represents a major issue. To overcome this problem, we herein introduce an effective strategy to improve the vascularization and incorporation of pPE. Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF) from transgenic green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ mice were suspended in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the coating of pPE. PRP/MVF-coated pPE as well as PRP-coated and uncoated controls were subsequently implanted into the dorsal skinfold chamber and the flanks of GFP- wild-type mice to analyze their in vivo performance throughout 2, 4 and 8 weeks by means of intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. The GFP+/GFP- cross-over design allowed the identification of GFP+ MVF within the implants. Shortly after implantation, they rapidly reassembled into new blood-perfused microvascular networks, resulting in a significantly accelerated vascularization of PRP/MVF-coated pPE when compared to both controls. The overall numbers of rolling and adherent leukocytes within the microcirculation as well as macrophages, multi-nucleated giant cells and mast cells around the implants did not differ between the three groups. However, in contrast to uncoated controls, PRP/MVF-coated and PRP-coated pPE promoted pro-angiogenic M2 macrophage polarization at the implantation site. These findings demonstrate that PRP/MVF-coating represents a highly effective strategy to enhance the vascularization, biocompatibility and tissue incorporation of pPE. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The clinical in vivo performance of implanted biomaterials is crucially dependent on their adequate incorporation into the body. To achieve this, we herein introduce an effective biological coating strategy. Our results demonstrate that coating with PRP and MVF accelerates and enhances the vascularization, biocompatibility and tissue incorporation of porous polyethylene. Because this type of biological coating is easily applicable on any type of biomaterial, our approach may rapidly be translated into clinical practice to improve the outcome of various regenerative approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anne L Tobias
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Maximilian M Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ruth M Nickels
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Später T, Menger MM, Nickels RM, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Macrophages promote network formation and maturation of transplanted adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420911816. [PMID: 32313616 PMCID: PMC7153185 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420911816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue–derived microvascular fragments rapidly reassemble into microvascular networks within implanted scaffolds. Herein, we analyzed the contribution of macrophages to this process. C57BL/6 mice received clodronate (clo)-containing liposomes for macrophage depletion, whereas animals treated with phosphate-buffered-saline-containing liposomes served as controls. Microvascular fragments were isolated from clo- and phosphate-buffered-saline-treated donor mice and seeded onto collagen–glycosaminoglycan matrices, which were implanted into dorsal skinfold chambers of clo- and phosphate-buffered-saline-treated recipient mice. The implants’ vascularization and incorporation were analyzed by stereomicroscopy, intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Compared to controls, matrices within clo-treated animals exhibited a significantly reduced functional microvessel density. Moreover, they contained a lower fraction of microvessels with an α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ cell layer, indicating impaired vessel maturation. This was associated with a deteriorated implant incorporation. These findings demonstrate that macrophages not only promote the reassembly of microvascular fragments into microvascular networks, but also improve their maturation during this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Später
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian M Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Nickels
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Acosta FM, Stojkova K, Brey EM, Rathbone CR. A Straightforward Approach to Engineer Vascularized Adipose Tissue Using Microvascular Fragments. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:905-914. [PMID: 32070226 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to overcome the donor-site morbidity and loss of volume over time that accompanies the current clinical approaches to treat soft tissue defects caused by disease and trauma. The development of bioactive constructs that can regenerate adipose tissue have made great progress toward addressing the limitations of current therapies, but their lack of vascularization and ability to meet the significant dimension requirements of tissue defects limit their clinical translatability. Microvascular fragments (MVFs) can form extensive vascular networks and contain resident cells that have the ability to differentiate into adipocytes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if vascularized adipose tissue could be engineered using a fibrin-based hydrogel containing MVFs as the sole source of microvessels and adipocyte-forming cells. The potential for MVFs from different fat depots (epididymal, inguinal, and subcutaneous) to form microvascular networks and generate adipocytes when exposed to growth media (GM), adipogenic differentiation media (ADM), or when treated with GM before adipogenic induction (i.e., they were allowed to presprout before adipogenic induction) was evaluated. MVFs treated with adipogenic induction media, both with and without presprouting, contained lipid droplets, had an increase in expression levels of genes associated with adipogenesis (adiponectin and fatty acid synthase [FAS]), and had an increased rate of lipolysis. MVFs allowed to presprout before ADM treatment maintained their ability to form vascular networks while maintaining an elevated lipid content, adipogenic gene expression, and lipolysis rate. Collectively, these results support the contention that MVFs can serve as the sole source of biologic material for creating a vascularized adipose tissue scaffold. Impact statement Microvascular fragments have both the ability to form extensive vascular networks and function as a source of adipocytes. These phenomena were exploited as vascularized adipose tissue was generated by first allowing for a period of angiogenesis before the adipogenic induction. This strategy has the ability to provide a means of both improving soft tissue reconstruction while also serving as a model to better understand adipose tissue expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca M Acosta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Christopher R Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Allan-Rahill NH, Lamont MRE, Chilian WM, Nishimura N, Small DM. Intravital Microscopy of the Beating Murine Heart to Understand Cardiac Leukocyte Dynamics. Front Immunol 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32117249 PMCID: PMC7010807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Intravital microscopy has provided unprecedented insight into leukocyte biology by enabling the visualization of dynamic responses within living organ systems at the cell-scale. The heart presents a uniquely dynamic microenvironment driven by periodic, synchronous electrical conduction leading to rhythmic contractions of cardiomyocytes, and phasic coronary blood flow. In addition to functions shared throughout the body, immune cells have specific functions in the heart including tissue-resident macrophage-facilitated electrical conduction and rapid monocyte infiltration upon injury. Leukocyte responses to cardiac pathologies, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, have been well-studied using standard techniques, however, certain questions related to spatiotemporal relationships remain unanswered. Intravital imaging techniques could greatly benefit our understanding of the complexities of in vivo leukocyte behavior within cardiac tissue, but these techniques have been challenging to apply. Different approaches have been developed including high frame rate imaging of the beating heart, explantation models, micro-endoscopy, and mechanical stabilization coupled with various acquisition schemes to overcome challenges specific to the heart. The field of cardiac science has only begun to benefit from intravital microscopy techniques. The current focused review presents an overview of leukocyte responses in the heart, recent developments in intravital microscopy for the murine heart, and a discussion of future developments and applications for cardiovascular immunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel H Allan-Rahill
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael R E Lamont
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - David M Small
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Amirsadeghi A, Jafari A, Eggermont LJ, Hashemi SS, Bencherif SA, Khorram M. Vascularization strategies for skin tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4073-4094. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lack of proper vascularization after skin trauma causes delayed wound healing. This has sparked the development of various tissue engineering strategies to improve vascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Amirsadeghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71348-51154
- Iran
| | - Arman Jafari
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71348-51154
- Iran
| | | | - Seyedeh-Sara Hashemi
- Burn & Wound Healing Research Center
- Shiraz University of Medical Science
- Shiraz 71345-1978
- Iran
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Boston
- USA
- Department of Bioengineering
| | - Mohammad Khorram
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71348-51154
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Giatsidis G, Succar J, Waters TD, Liu W, Rhodius P, Wang C, Nilsen TJ, Chnari E, Orgill DP. Tissue-Engineered Soft-Tissue Reconstruction Using Noninvasive Mechanical Preconditioning and a Shelf-Ready Allograft Adipose Matrix. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144:884-895. [PMID: 31568297 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue defects leading to severe functional (disability) and morphologic (disfigurement) morbidity are often treated in plastic surgery with fat grafting, which can be limited by resorption, necrosis, and cyst formation. This study aimed to assess whether adipose scaffolds could provide an environment for in situ autologous fat grafting, and to study whether adipose cell migration and proliferation (adipogenesis) within scaffolds could be enhanced by preliminarily increasing the vascularity (preconditioning) of the surrounding tissue receiving the scaffolds. METHODS Using an established rodent model of subcutaneous tissue/scaffold grafting, the authors tested the potential of a human-derived, shelf-ready, injectable, decellularized allograft adipose matrix to reconstruct soft-tissue defects when used in combination with noninvasive mechanical (suction-induced) skin preconditioning. RESULTS Combined use of the allograft adipose matrix and noninvasive skin preconditioning significantly improved long-term volume retention (50 to 80 percent higher at a 12-week follow-up) and histologic quality of reconstructed tissues compared with standard of care (autologous adipose grafts). The components of the allograft adipose matrix supported adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Combining the allograft adipose matrix with living adipose grafts mitigated negative outcomes (lower long-term volume retention, higher presence of cystic-like areas). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the synergistic use of the allograft adipose matrix and noninvasive tissue preconditioning provides an effective solution for improving fat grafting. These strategies can easily be tested in clinical trials and could establish the basis for a novel therapeutic paradigm in reconstructive surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Giatsidis
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Julien Succar
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Trevon D Waters
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Wenyue Liu
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Patrick Rhodius
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Chenglong Wang
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Todd J Nilsen
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Evangelia Chnari
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- From the Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova; Preventive Medicine, University of New Mexico; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Laschke MW, Kontaxi E, Scheuer C, Heß A, Karschnia P, Menger MD. Insulin-like growth factor 1 stimulates the angiogenic activity of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419879837. [PMID: 31632630 PMCID: PMC6767710 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419879837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis in adipose tissue is promoted by insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling. We analyzed whether this regulatory mechanism also improves the angiogenic activity of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments. Murine adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments were cultivated for 24 h in the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution supplemented with vehicle, insulin-like growth factor 1, or a combination of insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4. Subsequently, we assessed their cellular composition, viability, proliferation, and growth factor expression. Moreover, cultivated adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments were seeded onto collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, which were implanted into dorsal skinfold chambers to study their vascularization and incorporation. Insulin-like growth factor 1 increased the viability and growth factor expression of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments without affecting their cellular composition and proliferation. Accordingly, scaffolds containing insulin-like growth factor 1-stimulated adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments exhibited an enhanced in vivo vascularization and incorporation. These positive insulin-like growth factor 1 effects were reversed by additional exposure of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments to insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4. Our findings indicate that insulin-like growth factor 1 stimulation of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments is suitable to improve their vascularization capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Elena Kontaxi
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Claudia Scheuer
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Alexander Heß
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Philipp Karschnia
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stephens CJ, Spector JA, Butcher JT. Biofabrication of thick vascularized neo-pedicle flaps for reconstructive surgery. Transl Res 2019; 211:84-122. [PMID: 31170376 PMCID: PMC6702068 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wound chronicity due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors perturbs adequate lesion closure and reestablishment of the protective skin barrier. Immediate and proper care of chronic wounds is necessary for a swift recovery and a reduction of patient vulnerability to infection. Advanced therapies supplemented with standard wound care procedures have been clinically implemented to restore aberrant tissue; however, these treatments are ineffective if local vasculature is too compromised to support minimally-invasive strategies. Autologous "flaps", which are tissues equipped with their own hierarchical vascular supply, can be harvested from one region of the patient and transplanted to the wound where it is reperfused upon microsurgical anastomosis to appropriate recipient vessels. Despite the success of autologous flap transfer, these procedures are extremely invasive, incur obligatory donor-site morbidity, and require sufficient donor-tissue availability, microsurgical expertise, and specialized equipment. 3D-bioprinting modalities, such as extrusion-based bioprinting, can be used to address the clinical constraints of autologous flap transfer, primarily addressing donor-site morbidity and tissue availability. This advancement in regenerative medicine allows the biofabrication of heterogeneous tissue structures with high shape fidelity and spatial resolution to generate biomimetic constructs with the anatomically-precise geometries of native tissue to ensure tissue-specific function. Yet, meaningful progress toward this clinical application has been limited by the lack of vascularization required to meet the nutrient and oxygen demands of clinically relevant tissue volumes. Thus, various criteria for the fabrication of functional tissues with hierarchical, patent vasculature must be considered when implementing 3D-bioprinting technologies for deep, chronic wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J Stephens
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jason A Spector
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan T Butcher
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chouhan D, Dey N, Bhardwaj N, Mandal BB. Emerging and innovative approaches for wound healing and skin regeneration: Current status and advances. Biomaterials 2019; 216:119267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
46
|
Ruehle MA, Li MTA, Cheng A, Krishnan L, Willett NJ, Guldberg RE. Decorin-supplemented collagen hydrogels for the co-delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and microvascular fragments to a composite bone-muscle injury model with impaired vascularization. Acta Biomater 2019; 93:210-221. [PMID: 30685477 PMCID: PMC6759335 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic musculoskeletal injuries that result in bone defects or fractures often affect both bone and the surrounding soft tissue. Clinically, these types of multi-tissue injuries have increased rates of complications and long-term disability. Vascular integrity is a key clinical indicator of injury severity, and revascularization of the injury site is a critical early step of the bone healing process. Our lab has previously established a pre-clinical model of composite bone-muscle injury that exhibits impaired bone healing; however, the vascularization response in this model had not yet been investigated. Here, the early revascularization of a bone defect following composite injury is shown to be impaired, and subsequently the therapeutic potential of combined vascularization and osteoinduction was investigated to overcome the impaired regeneration in composite injuries. A decorin (DCN)-supplemented collagen hydrogel was developed as a biomaterial delivery vehicle for the co-delivery microvascular fragments (MVF), which are multicellular segments of mature vasculature, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), a potent osteoinductive growth factor. We hypothesized that collagen + DCN would increase BMP-2 retention over collagen alone due to DCN's ability to sequester TGF-ß growth factors. We further hypothesized that MVF would increase both early vascularization and subsequent BMP-2-mediated bone regeneration. Contrary to our hypothesis, BMP + MVF decreased the number of blood vessels relative to BMP alone and had no effect on bone healing. However, collagen + DCN was demonstrated to be a BMP-2 delivery vehicle capable of achieving bridging in the challenging composite defect model that is comparable to that achieved with a well-established alginate-based delivery system. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We have previously established a model of musculoskeletal trauma that exhibits impaired bone healing. For the first time, this work shows that the early revascularization response is also significantly, albeit modestly, impaired. A decorin-supplemented collagen hydrogel was used for the first time in vivo as a delivery vehicle for both a cell-based vascular therapeutic, MVF, and an osteoinductive growth factor, BMP-2. While MVF did not improve vascular volume or bone healing, collagen + DCN is a BMP-2 delivery vehicle capable of achieving bridging in the challenging composite defect model. Based on its support of robust angiogenesis in vitro, collagen + DCN may be extended for future use with other vascular therapeutics such as pre-formed vascular networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Ruehle
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mon-Tzu Alice Li
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Albert Cheng
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laxminarayanan Krishnan
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nick J Willett
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Research Service, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kaur A, Midha S, Giri S, Mohanty S. Functional Skin Grafts: Where Biomaterials Meet Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1286054. [PMID: 31354835 PMCID: PMC6636521 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1286054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin tissue engineering has attained several clinical milestones making remarkable progress over the past decades. Skin is inhabited by a plethora of cells spatiotemporally arranged in a 3-dimensional (3D) matrix, creating a complex microenvironment of cell-matrix interactions. This complexity makes it difficult to mimic the native skin structure using conventional tissue engineering approaches. With the advent of newer fabrication strategies, the field is evolving rapidly. However, there is still a long way before an artificial skin substitute can fully mimic the functions and anatomical hierarchy of native human skin. The current focus of skin tissue engineers is primarily to develop a 3D construct that maintains the functionality of cultured cells in a guided manner over a period of time. While several natural and synthetic biopolymers have been translated, only partial clinical success is attained so far. Key challenges include the hierarchical complexity of skin anatomy; compositional mismatch in terms of material properties (stiffness, roughness, wettability) and degradation rate; biological complications like varied cell numbers, cell types, matrix gradients in each layer, varied immune responses, and varied methods of fabrication. In addition, with newer biomaterials being adopted for fabricating patient-specific skin substitutes, issues related to escalating processing costs, scalability, and stability of the constructs under in vivo conditions have raised some concerns. This review provides an overview of the field of skin regenerative medicine, existing clinical therapies, and limitations of the current techniques. We have further elaborated on the upcoming tissue engineering strategies that may serve as promising alternatives for generating functional skin substitutes, the pros and cons associated with each technique, and scope of their translational potential in the treatment of chronic skin ailments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amtoj Kaur
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Midha
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibashish Giri
- Department of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Laschke MW, Heß A, Scheuer C, Karschnia P, Kontaxi E, Menger MD. University of Wisconsin solution for the xeno-free storage of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments. Regen Med 2019; 14:681-691. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (ad-MVF) are vascularization units for regenerative medicine. We investigated whether University of Wisconsin (UW) solution is suitable for their xeno-free storage. Materials & methods: Murine ad-MVF were cultivated for 24 h in 4°C or 20°C UW solution and 20°C endothelial cell growth medium (control). The ad-MVF were seeded onto collagen–glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, which were analyzed in dorsal skinfold chambers by intravital fluorescence microscopy and histology. Results: All implants exhibited microvascular networks on day 14 with the highest functional microvessel density in controls. Ad-MVF cultivation in UW solution at 4°C resulted in an improved scaffold vascularization compared with cultivation at 20°C. Conclusion: UW solution is suitable for the hypothermic storage of ad-MVF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Alexander Heß
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Claudia Scheuer
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Philipp Karschnia
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Elena Kontaxi
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The ability to generate new microvessels in desired numbers and at desired locations has been a long-sought goal in vascular medicine, engineering, and biology. Historically, the need to revascularize ischemic tissues nonsurgically (so-called therapeutic vascularization) served as the main driving force for the development of new methods of vascular growth. More recently, vascularization of engineered tissues and the generation of vascularized microphysiological systems have provided additional targets for these methods, and have required adaptation of therapeutic vascularization to biomaterial scaffolds and to microscale devices. Three complementary strategies have been investigated to engineer microvasculature: angiogenesis (the sprouting of existing vessels), vasculogenesis (the coalescence of adult or progenitor cells into vessels), and microfluidics (the vascularization of scaffolds that possess the open geometry of microvascular networks). Over the past several decades, vascularization techniques have grown tremendously in sophistication, from the crude implantation of arteries into myocardial tunnels by Vineberg in the 1940s, to the current use of micropatterning techniques to control the exact shape and placement of vessels within a scaffold. This review provides a broad historical view of methods to engineer the microvasculature, and offers a common framework for organizing and analyzing the numerous studies in this area of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1155-1212, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Tien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Grünherz L, Sanchez-Macedo N, Frueh FS, McLuckie M, Lindenblatt N. Nanofat applications: from clinical esthetics to regenerative research. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|