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Di Martino G, Cedrone F, D’Addezio M, Odio C, Di Giovanni P, Trebbi E, Tognaccini L, Romano F, Staniscia T. Incidence of Rotavirus-Related Hospitalizations in an Italian Southern Region from 2015 to 2021. Diseases 2024; 12:26. [PMID: 38248377 PMCID: PMC10814902 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Rotavirus is one of the leading causes of severe diarrhea and dehydration in infants and young children worldwide. The economic and social burden of rotavirus-related hospitalizations, particularly among children, remains a pressing concern for healthcare systems across the globe. Healthcare infrastructure and access to medical care can vary significantly within the region. Differences in the availability of healthcare facilities and the quality of care may influence the management and outcomes of rotavirus cases. (2) Methods: This was a retrospective study performed in the Abruzzo region, Italy. The study considered all hospitalization due to rotavirus gastroenteritis that occurred in the Abruzzo region from the year 2015 to 2021. Data were extracted from the hospital discharge records. The trend in hospital admissions, hospitalization costs and length of stay were evaluated and analyzed. (3) Results: A total of 664 admissions were reported during the study period. The incident rate grew till year 2019 with an annual percentage change of +13.9% (95%CI 12.6-15.2, p < 0.001). During the pandemic years, the incident rate showed a significant decrease with an annual percentage change of 12.5% (95%CI 15.5-9.3, p = 0.004). The length of stay of admissions was significantly higher among patients aged less than 1 year. (4) Conclusions: Rotavirus admission represents a heavy burden even in a high-income country such as Italy. These findings have the potential to inform targeted public health interventions, including vaccination strategies, and improve the overall well-being of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Martino
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.G.); (T.S.)
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Local Health Authority of Pescara, 65100 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Cedrone
- Hospital Management, Local Health Authority of Pescara, 65100 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Michela D’Addezio
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Local Health Authority of Pescara, 65100 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Camillo Odio
- Digital Health Unit, Department of Health, Abruzzo Region, 65100 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Pamela Di Giovanni
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Edoardo Trebbi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (L.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Livia Tognaccini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (L.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (L.T.); (F.R.)
| | - Tommaso Staniscia
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.G.); (T.S.)
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2
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Arasa J, López-Lacort M, Díez-Domingo J, Orrico-Sánchez A. Impact of rotavirus vaccination on seizure hospitalizations in children: A systematic review. Vaccine 2022; 40:6711-6721. [PMID: 36280558 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies found conflicting results about the effect of rotavirus (RV) vaccination on seizure hospitalizations in children younger than 5 years old. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the evidence of the impact of RV vaccination on the prevention of seizure hospitalizations in children. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in the electronic database MEDLINE of all observational studies in children younger than 5 years old published since 2006. Two reviewers performed title/abstract, full-text review, and data extraction. RESULTS Thirteen studies met eligibility criteria. Nine studies reported a significant reduction in seizure hospitalizations upon RV vaccine introduction, three studies reported an absence of significant impact, and one study reported a significant rise in seizure hospitalization after the introduction of RV vaccines. LIMITATIONS The great variability between study designs, case definitions and potential biases prevent quantifying the impact of RV vaccination against seizure hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS RV vaccination might prevent seizure hospitalizations in children; however, robust, and well-designed studies are needed to better determine the strength of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arasa
- Vaccines Research Unit, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica López-Lacort
- Vaccines Research Unit, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Díez-Domingo
- Vaccines Research Unit, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Carrer de Quevedo, 2, 46001 València, Spain
| | - Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez
- Vaccines Research Unit, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Carrer de Quevedo, 2, 46001 València, Spain.
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Seroprevalence of Anti-tTg-IgA among Symptomized Celiac Disease Patients and Their Correlation with Rotavirus Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6972624. [PMID: 36193310 PMCID: PMC9526599 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6972624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the intestinal tract as a response to the use of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. It is a worldwide problem, with a high prevalence rate in North America. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 1090 samples collected from different hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, from January 2019 to December 2019. In this study, 1090 blood samples screened for seroprevalence of anti-tTG antibodies in CD symptomatic patients via ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). 1090 fecal samples from the same CD patients were collected and tested for the presence of rotavirus (RV) via ELISA and RT-PCR. Of the 1090 patients tested for seroprevalence of anti-tTG antibodies, 112/1090 (10.3%) were found to be positive. Of the 112 anti-tTG-positive patients, 78/112 (70%) were positive for RV via ELISA and 74/112 (66.1%) were RV positive via RT-PCR. A statistically significant association was reported between rotavirus infection and celiac disease (p˂0.05). Anti-tTG antibodies were higher in age group 6 (12-18 years) patients (18.4%) and at minimum in age group 3 (1-3 years) patients (4.8%). However, there was a statistically insignificant relationship between group age and CD prevalence (p > 0.05). The highest CD prevalence was noted during winter season (19.6%) and the lowest (3.0%) during fall/autumn. Our study findings demonstrate that Pakistan has a high prevalence of CD compared to other studies. Further studies in the fields of environmental risk factors and treatment with more advanced serological and histopathological studies are needed in the future.
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Nelsen A, Lager KM, Stasko J, Nelson E, Lin CM, Hause BM. Identification of Pulmonary Infections With Porcine Rotavirus A in Pigs With Respiratory Disease. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:918736. [PMID: 35812854 PMCID: PMC9260157 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.918736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While rotavirus (RV) is primarily known to cause gastroenteritis in many animals, several epidemiological studies have shown concurrent respiratory symptoms with fecal and nasal virus shedding. However, respiratory RV infections have rarely been investigated. By screening clinical samples submitted for diagnostic testing, porcine rotavirus A (RVA) was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in 28 out of 91 (30.8%) lungs obtained from conventionally reared pigs with respiratory signs. Among the positive cases, intensive RVA signals were mainly localized in alveolar macrophages (n = 3) and bronchiolar epithelial cells (n = 1) by RNAscope® in situ hybridization (ISH). The signals of RVA in bronchiolar epithelial cells were verified by ISH with different probes, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, additional cases with RVA ISH-positive signals in alveolar macrophages (n = 9) and bronchial epithelial cells (n = 1) were identified by screening 120 archived formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung samples using tissue microarrays. Overall, our study showed a high frequency of RVA detection in lungs from conventional pigs with respiratory disease. Further research is needed to determine if RVA infection in the respiratory epithelium correlates with nasal shedding of rotavirus and its contribution to respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Nelsen
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Kelly M. Lager
- National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Judith Stasko
- National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Eric Nelson
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Chun-Ming Lin
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States,Chun-Ming Lin
| | - Ben M. Hause
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States,*Correspondence: Ben M. Hause
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Mechanisms involved in controlling RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:313. [PMID: 35604464 PMCID: PMC9125963 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the lining of stomach and intestines and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many viruses, especially RNA viruses are the most common cause of enteritis. Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against enteric RNA viruses and virus-induced intestinal inflammation. The first layer of defense against enteric RNA viruses in the intestinal tract is intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), dendritic cells and macrophages under the intestinal epithelium. These innate immune cells express pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs) for recognizing enteric RNA viruses through sensing viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). As a result of this recognition type I interferon (IFN), type III IFN and inflammasome activation occurs, which function cooperatively to clear infection and reduce viral-induced intestinal inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent findings about mechanisms involved in enteric RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation. We will provide an overview of the enteric RNA viruses, their RNA sensing mechanisms by host PRRs, and signaling pathways triggered by host PRRs, which shape the intestinal immune response to maintain intestinal homeostasis.
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Zhang J, Cao J, Ye Q. Nonpharmaceutical interventions against the COVID-19 pandemic significantly decreased the spread of enterovirus in children. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3581-3588. [PMID: 35474224 PMCID: PMC9088497 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise prevention and control measures have been adopted to impede the transmission of COVID-19 in China. This study was performed to investigate the effect of protective measures on gastrointestinal infection in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The data on the rotavirus and adenovirus antigen tests were collected in outpatient children due to gastroenteritis from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, at the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. According to age and month distribution, the positive number and rate of rotavirus and adenovirus in 2020 were compared with 2019. RESULTS A 3.8-fold and 4-fold reduction in the number of rotavirus- and adenovirus-positive patients in 2020 were found, respectively. The overall positive rate of rotavirus and adenovirus infection was drastically decreased in 2020 (rotavirus 2020: 18.18% vs 2019: 9.75%, P < 0.001; adenovirus 2020: 3.13% vs 2019: 1.58%, P < 0.001). The proportions of rotavirus and adenovirus in all age groups in 2020 decreased compared with those in 2019. The highest frequency of rotavirus infection occurred among children aged 1-3 years both in 2019 and 2020 (2019: 27.95% vs 2020: 17.19%, P < 0.001), while adenovirus infection was detected in children aged 3-5 years, which had the highest percent positivity (2019: 8.19% vs 2020: 4.46%; P < 0.001). An obvious peak prevalence of rotavirus incidence was found during December-April, and the percent positivity of rotavirus significantly decreased in 2020 (December 2019: 24.26% vs 2020: 8.44%, P < 0.001; January 2019: 40.67% vs 2020: 38.18%, P < 0.05; February 2019: 40.73% vs 2020: 15.04%, P < 0.001; March 2019: 31.47% vs 2020: 7.88%, P < 0.001; April 2019: 15.52% vs 2020: 4.78%, P < 0.001). The positive rate of adenovirus distributed throughout 2019 was 1.91%-4.86%, while the percent positivity during 2020 in the same period was much lower (0.00%-3.58%). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed that the preventive and control measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic and the collateral benefit of these interventions have significantly decreased the transmission of rotavirus or adenovirus. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - JiaJia Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
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Omatola CA, Olaniran AO. Rotaviruses: From Pathogenesis to Disease Control—A Critical Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050875. [PMID: 35632617 PMCID: PMC9143449 DOI: 10.3390/v14050875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their first recognition in human cases about four decades ago, rotaviruses have remained the leading cause of acute severe dehydrating diarrhea among infants and young children worldwide. The WHO prequalification of oral rotavirus vaccines (ORV) a decade ago and its introduction in many countries have yielded a significant decline in the global burden of the disease, although not without challenges to achieving global effectiveness. Poised by the unending malady of rotavirus diarrhea and the attributable death cases in developing countries, we provide detailed insights into rotavirus biology, exposure pathways, cellular receptors and pathogenesis, host immune response, epidemiology, and vaccination. Additionally, recent developments on the various host, viral and environmental associated factors impacting ORV performance in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) are reviewed and their significance assessed. In addition, we review the advances in nonvaccine strategies (probiotics, candidate anti-rotaviral drugs, breastfeeding) to disease prevention and management.
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8
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Abstract
Rotavirus is a major cause of severe pediatric diarrhea worldwide. In 2006, two live, oral rotavirus vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, were licensed for use in infants and were rapidly adopted in many high- and middle-income settings where efficacy had been demonstrated in clinical trials. Following completion of additional successful trials in low-income settings, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended rotavirus vaccination for all infants globally in 2009. In 2018, two new rotavirus vaccines, Rotasiil and Rotavac, were prequalified by WHO, further expanding global availability. As of March 2021, rotavirus vaccines have been introduced nationally in 106 countries. Since introduction, rotavirus vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness against severe disease and mortality, even among age groups not eligible for vaccination. Cross-genotypic protection has also been demonstrated, and the favorable benefit-risk profile of these vaccines continues to be confirmed via post-marketing surveillance. Ongoing research seeks to better understand reasons for the lower effectiveness observed in lower-resource settings, and to use these findings to optimize vaccine strategies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Burke
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Tate
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Bonanni P, Conforti G, Franco E, Gabutti G, Marchetti F, Mattei A, Prato R, Vitali Rosati G, Vitale F. Fourteen years' clinical experience and the first million babies protected with human live-attenuated vaccine against rotavirus disease in Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4636-4645. [PMID: 34370615 PMCID: PMC8828124 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1955611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) causes up to half of hospital and community acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases in young children in Italy. Two RV vaccines, available since 2006, are human RV (HRV) and human bovine RV (HBRV). This report looks back at the implementation of RV vaccination with HRV in Italy, and at HRV current and future perspectives. Initial regional policies led to national implementation by 2018, after scientific societies' disease awareness efforts. Following vaccination, RV hospitalizations declined significantly, and cost savings were observed. The two-dose HRV vaccine is easily administered during compulsory vaccine visits, helping increase coverage. Intussusception, a serious event in children <1 year, was reported in Italy with a rate of 33-40 per 100,000 infants. RV vaccination presents a low increased risk of intussusception after the first dose, estimated at 0.6 cases per 100,000 doses in Italy in 2019. Parents should be aware of the intussusception risk and symptoms to ensure prompt treatment. It is widely recognized that the vaccination benefits (large numbers of RV hospitalizations prevented) outweigh the risk. HRV introduction in Italy was supported by epidemiologic burden studies, healthcare provider opinions, and congress debates, which significantly contributed to implementation of RV universal routine infant vaccination in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bonanni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conforti
- Italian Federation of Primary Care Pediatricians (FIMP), Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Franco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gabutti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Mattei
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rosa Prato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia; Department of Hygiene, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitali Rosati
- Family Pediatrician (FIMP Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri), Greve in Chianti, FI, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Ali SI, Sheikh WM, Rather MA, Venkatesalu V, Muzamil Bashir S, Nabi SU. Medicinal plants: Treasure for antiviral drug discovery. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3447-3483. [PMID: 33590931 PMCID: PMC8013762 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of viral diseases like novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) prompted the scientific world to examine antiviral bioactive compounds rather than nucleic acid analogous, protease inhibitors, or other toxic synthetic molecules. The emerging viral infections significantly associated with 2019-nCoV have challenged humanity's survival. Further, there is a constant emergence of new resistant viral strains that demand novel antiviral agents with fewer side effects and cell toxicity. Despite significant progress made in immunization and regenerative medicine, numerous viruses still lack prophylactic vaccines and specific antiviral treatments that are so often influenced by the generation of viral escape mutants. Of importance, medicinal herbs offer a wide variety of therapeutic antiviral chemotypes that can inhibit viral replication by preventing viral adsorption, adhering to cell receptors, inhibiting virus penetration in the host cell, and competing for pathways of activation of intracellular signals. The present review will comprehensively summarize the promising antiviral activities of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules. Furthermore, it will elucidate their mechanism of action and possible implications in the treatment/prevention of viral diseases even when their mechanism of action is not fully understood, which could serve as the base for the future development of novel or complementary antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Wajid Mohammad Sheikh
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Rather
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
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Gómez-Carballa A, Barral-Arca R, Cebey-López M, Currás-Tuala MJ, Pischedda S, Gómez-Rial J, Habgood-Coote D, Herberg JA, Kaforou M, Martinón-Torres F, Salas A. Host Transcriptomic Response Following Administration of Rotavirus Vaccine in Infants' Mimics Wild Type Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:580219. [PMID: 33552046 PMCID: PMC7859632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotavirus (RV) is an enteric pathogen that has devastating impact on childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. The immunologic mechanism underlying the protection achieved after RV vaccination is not yet fully understood. Methods We compared the transcriptome of children affected by community-acquired RV infection and children immunized with a live attenuated RV vaccine (RotaTeq®). Results RV vaccination mimics the wild type infection causing similar changes in children's transcriptome, including transcripts associated with cell cycle, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, intussusception, and abnormal morphology of midgut. A machine learning approach allowed to detect a combination of nine-transcripts that differentiates vaccinated from convalescent-naturally infected children (AUC: 90%; 95%CI: 70-100) and distinguishes between acute-infected and healthy control children (in both cases, AUC: 100%; 95%CI: 100-100). We identified a miRNA hsa-mir-149 that seems to play a role in the host defense against viral pathogens and may have an antiviral role. Discussion Our findings might shed further light in the understanding of RV infection, its functional link to intussusception causes, as well as guide development of antiviral treatments and safer and more effective vaccines. The nine-transcript signature may constitute a marker of vaccine protection and helps to differentiate vaccinated from naturally infected or susceptible children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigacinó Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruth Barral-Arca
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigacinó Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miriam Cebey-López
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigacinó Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria José Currás-Tuala
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigacinó Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Pischedda
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigacinó Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Gómez-Rial
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigacinó Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dominic Habgood-Coote
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jethro A Herberg
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Myrsini Kaforou
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigacinó Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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12
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Prevalence of Rotaviruses in the Etiology of Acute Diarrhea in Young Children, Clinical forms, Extraintestinal Manifestations and Complications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 41:23-30. [PMID: 33500370 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2020-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus is highly contagious factor with dominant feces-oral transmission. Because it is stable in external environment, transmission clusters are possible by close contact, ingestion of contaminated water or food or contact with contaminated surfaces. It survives within hours and days on hands and contaminated surfaces. This makes it the most common enteric and nosocomial pathogen in the world, especially in early childhood. In addition to the rapid dehydration with pronounced electrolyte disturbances, numerous extraintestinal possibilities have been recorded in the clinical picture, which emphasizes the need for prevention of this disease.In the period from 1.02.2018 to 31.01.2020 at the Clinic for Infectious diseases were treated 1060 patients with diarrheal disease, of which 502 children (47.36%). Rotavirus etiology was confirmed in 23.30% of the children. According to the protocols, laboratory and biochemical investigations were done to all 117 children, with tracking parameters and their dynamics of admission and discharge from the hospital. Most of the children, 84 (82.0 6%) are from urban areas, with a more confirmed epidemiological survey of 59 (42.00%). The average age of the children was 8 months, with a small percentage of children on maternal food (breastfed 25, i.e. 21.37%), with high febrile admission in 99% of children with an average temperature of 38.5oC and an average febrile duration of 4 days, with an average of 7 (+ 2.49) of stools and 5 (+ 2.12) of vomiting. There was a significant difference in hematocrit, leukocyte, electrolyte, glycaemia, and CRP values on admission and discharge. There was predominant isonatremic dehydration, and the compensatory mechanisms followed by the values of the electrolytes ABS, Ph, BE showed a tendency to maintain within the physiological limits. The clinical picture of extraintestinal manifestations included bronchitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, upper respiratory infections and rash.Rotavirus infection is a serious health and economic problem in our country, so it needs continuous prevention and monitoring in order to reduce the incidence, and thus the need for hospitalization and cure of rotavirus disease.
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Zuo NY, Zhang YD, Dong QW, Han LP. Relationship between myocardial enzyme levels, hepatic function and metabolic acidosis in children with rotavirus infection diarrhea. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:1366-1370. [PMID: 32968410 PMCID: PMC7501046 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.6.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between myocardial enzymes, liver function and metabolic acidosis in children with rotavirus infection diarrhea. Methods: The data of 70 children with infectious diarrhea treated in Baoding Children’s Hospital, China, from October 2017 to April 2018 were retrospectively studied. The antigen of rotavirus in feces was positive by colloidal gold method. According to the clinical features of biochemical indicators and mental status, the patients were divided into four groups, an acidosis-free group, a mild acidosis group, a moderate acidosis group and a severe acidosis group, in line with acidosis severity. In addition to detecting the hepatic functions of the pediatric patients in the four groups, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransfer (ALT) levels, and myocardial enzyme levels (e.g., creatine kinase, or CK, and creatine kinase isoenzyme, or CK-MB), the relationships of hepatic function, myocardial enzyme levels and acidosis severity of the patients with infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection were also analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in sex and age among the four groups (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the frequency of diarrhea and vomiting (p<0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in creatine kinase, CK-MB, AST and ALT levels in children with metabolic acidosis of different severities. Conclusion: With the aggravation of metabolic acidosis, infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus is characterized by the aggravation of hepatic function and myocardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ying Zuo
- Na-ying Zuo, Department of Gastroenterology, Baoding Children's Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, P.R. China; Key Laborary of Clinical Research on Respiratory Digestive Disease, Hebei Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yuan-da Zhang
- Yuan-da Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, Baoding Children's Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, P.R. China; Key Laborary of Clinical Research on Respiratory Digestive Disease, Hebei Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Qing-Wei Dong
- Qing-wei Dong, Department of Gastroenterology, Baoding Children's Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, P.R. China; Key Laborary of Clinical Research on Respiratory Digestive Disease, Hebei Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Li-Po Han
- Li-po Han, Dept. of Ophthalmology, Baoding Children's Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, P.R. China
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Gómez-Rial J, Rivero-Calle I, Salas A, Martinón-Torres F. Rotavirus and autoimmunity. J Infect 2020; 81:183-189. [PMID: 32360880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus, a major etiological agent of acute diarrhea in children worldwide, has historically been linked to autoimmunity. In the last few years, several physiopathological approaches have been proposed to explain the leading mechanism triggering autoimmunity, from the old concept of molecular mimicry to the emerging theory of bystander activation and break of tolerance. Epidemiological and immunological data indicate a strong link between rotavirus infection and two of the autoimmune pathologies with the highest incidence: celiac disease and diabetes. The role for current oral rotavirus vaccines is now being elucidated, with a so far positive protective association demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gómez-Rial
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Travesa da Choupana s/n 15706 Galicia, Spain; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Travesa da Choupana s/n 15706 Galicia, Spain.
| | - I Rivero-Calle
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Travesa da Choupana s/n 15706 Galicia, Spain; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesa da Choupana s/n 15706 Galicia, Spain
| | - A Salas
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Travesa da Choupana s/n 15706 Galicia, Spain; Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Travesa da Choupana s/n 15706 Galicia, Spain
| | - F Martinón-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Travesa da Choupana s/n 15706 Galicia, Spain; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesa da Choupana s/n 15706 Galicia, Spain
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15
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Rubbenstroth D, Ulrich R, Wylezich C, Rautenschlein S, Beer M, Mohr L. First experimental proof of Rotavirus A (RVA) genotype G18P[17] inducing the clinical presentation of 'young pigeon disease syndrome' (YPDS) in domestic pigeons (Columba livia). Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1507-1516. [PMID: 31967734 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Young pigeon disease syndrome (YPDS) is characterized as a seasonally occurring, acute and primarily enteric medical condition of mainly juvenile domestic pigeons (Columba livia) with highly variable mortality reaching more than 50%. Although the syndrome has been known in Europe for almost three decades, its aetiology remains largely obscure. Recently, a previously unknown pigeon-associated clade of Rotavirus A (RVA) genotype G18P[17] was detected in Europe and Australia in association with fatal diseases resembling YPDS. Here we show for the first time, that peroral inoculation of healthy juvenile homing pigeons with two genetically different cell culture isolates of RVA G18P[17] (106.3 foci-forming units per bird) induces an acute and self-limiting YPDS-like disease in all infected birds. Clinical signs included regurgitation, diarrhoea, congested crops, anorexia and weight loss, as described for naturally RVA-infected pigeons. In agreement with the original outbreaks, RVA isolate DR-7 induced more pronounced clinical signs as compared to isolate DR-5, indicating strain-dependent virulence factors to contribute to variable disease outcomes observed in the field. All inoculated birds developed rotavirus-reactive antibodies starting at seven days after inoculation. High levels of viral RNA and infectious virus were detectable in cloacal swabs and faecal samples already three days after inoculation. While shedding of infectious virus subsided within few days, moderate viral RNA levels were still detectable in cloacal swabs, faeces, and tissue samples at the end of the experiment three weeks after inoculation. Histopathological analysis at this time point revealed inflammatory lesions in spleens and livers of pigeons from both infected groups. In summary, we fulfilled Henle-Koch's postulates and confirmed RVA G18P[17] as a primary cause of YPDS-like diseases in domestic pigeons. By establishing an infection model, we provide a crucial tool for future research, such as identification of transmission routes and establishing vaccination regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Institute of Veterinary-Pathology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Claudia Wylezich
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lydia Mohr
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Burke RM, Tate JE, Dahl RM, Aliabadi N, Parashar UD. Rotavirus Vaccination Is Associated With Reduced Seizure Hospitalization Risk Among Commercially Insured US Children. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:1614-1616. [PMID: 29788180 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus commonly causes diarrhea but can also cause seizures. Analysis of insurance claims for 1773295 US children with 2950 recorded seizures found that, compared to rotavirus-unvaccinated children, seizure hospitalization risk was reduced by 24% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13%-33%) and 14% (95% CI, 0%-26%) among fully and partially rotavirus-vaccinated children, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Burke
- Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia.,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Rebecca Moritz Dahl
- MAXIMUS Federal, contracting agency to the Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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17
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Impact of rotavirus vaccination on childhood hospitalizations for seizures: Heterologous or unforeseen direct vaccine effects? Vaccine 2019; 37:3362-3368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Nucleic Acid Induced Interferon and Inflammasome Responses in Regulating Host Defense to Gastrointestinal Viruses. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 345:137-171. [PMID: 30904192 PMCID: PMC7104954 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gut bacterial and fungal communities residing in the gastrointestinal tract have undisputed far-reaching effects in regulating host health. In the meantime, however, metagenomic sequencing efforts are revealing enteric viruses as the most abundant dimension of the intestinal gut ecosystem, and the first gut virome-wide association studies showed that inflammatory bowel disease as well as type 1 diabetes could be linked to the presence or absence of particular viral inhabitants in the intestine. In line with the genetic component of these human diseases, mouse model studies demonstrated how beneficial functions of a resident virus can switch to detrimental inflammatory effects in a genetically predisposed host. Such viral-induced intestinal immune disturbances are also recapitulated by several gastrointestinal infectious viruses such as rotavirus and human norovirus. This wide range of viral effects on intestinal immunity emphasizes the need for understanding the innate immune responses to gastrointestinal viruses. Numerous nucleic acid sensors such as DexD/H helicases and AIM2 serve as cytosolic viral guardians to induce antiviral interferon and/or pro-inflammatory inflammasome responses. In both cases, pioneering examples are emerging in which RNA helicases cooperate with particular Nod-like receptors to trigger these cellular responses to enteric viruses. Here we summarize the reported beneficial versus detrimental effects of enteric viruses in the intestinal immune system, and we zoom in on the mechanisms through which sensing of nucleic acids from these enteric viruses trigger interferon and inflammasome responses.
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Gómez-Rial J, Sánchez-Batán S, Rivero-Calle I, Pardo-Seco J, Martinón-Martínez JM, Salas A, Martinón-Torres F. Rotavirus infection beyond the gut. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 12:55-64. [PMID: 30636886 PMCID: PMC6307677 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s186404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The landscape of rotavirus (RV) infection has changed substantially in recent years. Autoimmune triggering has been added to clinical spectrum of this pathology, which is now known to be much broader than diarrhea. The impact of RV vaccines in these other conditions is becoming a growing field of research. The importance of host genetic background in RV susceptibility has been revealed, therefore increasing our understanding of vaccine effectiveness and giving some clues about the limited efficacy of RV vaccines in low-income settings. Also, interaction of RV with intestinal microbiota seems to play a key role in the process of infection vaccine effect. This article reviews current findings on the extraintestinal impact of RV infection and their widening clinical picture, and the recently described mechanisms of host susceptibility to infection and vaccine effectiveness. RV infection is a systemic disease with clinical and pathophysiological implications beyond the gut. We propose an “iceberg” model for this pathology with almost hidden clinical implications away from the gastrointestinal tract and eventually triggering the development of autoimmune diseases. Impact of current vaccines is being influenced by host genetics and gut microbiota interactions and these factors must be taken into account in the development of public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gómez-Rial
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain, .,Laboratorio de Inmunología, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Batán
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain, .,Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain,
| | - Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain,
| | - José María Martinón-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain,
| | - Antonio Salas
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain, .,Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forense, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain, .,Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain,
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20
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Tapisiz A, Bedir Demirdag T, Cura Yayla BC, Gunes C, Ugraş Dikmen A, Tezer H, Baran Aksakal N, Bozdayi G, Ozkan S. Rotavirus infections in children in Turkey: A systematic review. Rev Med Virol 2018; 29:e2020. [PMID: 30511804 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to describe rotavirus epidemiology and clinical findings including extraintestinal manifestations in a setting that has yet to introduce rotavirus vaccines in the national immunization program. A literature search was performed by using the key words "Turkey" and "rotavirus." Ninety-eight studies published between 1987 and 2016 including epidemiological, clinical, and genotypical data at least 1 year duration were included. There were a total of 117 741 children with diarrhea and 26 566 rotavirus gastroenteritis with a median detection rate 31.8% (95% CI, 31.3-32.4) under 5 years of age. The rate of dehydration was 47% (95% CI, 23.4-91.6). There were 328 cases reported to be presenting with a various complication related to rotavirus in 2750 children in eight studies. The overall complication rate was 11.7% (95% CI, 10.7-12.9). The cumulative incidence of the most common genotypical combinations circulating worldwide was only 59.7% (G9[P8], 25%; G1[P8], 22%; G2[P4], 5.6%; G3[P8], 2.6%; G4[P8], 4.5%) whereas mixed, untypeable, and other genotypes were 2.4%, 15%, and 22.9% respectively. Our results point out the importance of rotavirus vaccination by presenting that rotavirus may cause severe complications besides severe gastroenteritis. The role of strain diversity in the variability of clinical presentations of rotavirus infections needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Tapisiz
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Bedir Demirdag
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ceylan Cura Yayla
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemalettin Gunes
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asiye Ugraş Dikmen
- Department of Public Health, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Tezer
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nur Baran Aksakal
- Department of Public Health, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulendam Bozdayi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Secil Ozkan
- Department of Public Health, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Gómez-Rial J, Curras-Tuala MJ, Rivero-Calle I, Rodríguez-Tenreiro C, Redondo-Collazo L, Gómez-Carballa A, Pardo-Seco J, Salas A, Martinón-Torres F. Rotavirus intestinal infection induces an oral mucosa cytokine response. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195314. [PMID: 29621276 PMCID: PMC5886481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salivary glands are known immune effector sites and considered to be part of the whole mucosal immune system. The aim of the present study was to assess the salivary immune response to rotavirus (RV) infection through the analysis of the cytokine immune profile in saliva. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective comparative study of serial saliva samples from 27 RV-infected patients (sampled upon admission to the hospital during acute phase and at convalescence-i.e. at least three months after recovery) and 36 healthy controls was performed. Concentrations of 11 salivary cytokines (IFN-γ, IFN-α2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL12p70, TNF-α, IFN-λ1, IL-22) were determined. Cytokine levels were compared between healthy controls acute infection and convalescence. The correlation between clinical data and salivary cytokine profile in infected children was assessed. RESULTS The salivary cytokine profile changes significantly in response to acute RV infection. In RV-infected patients, IL-22 levels were increased in the acute phase with respect to convalescence (P-value < 0.001). Comparisons between infected and control group showed significant differences in salivary IFN-α2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-22. Although acute-phase levels of IL-12, IL-10, IL-6 and IFN-γ showed nominal association with Vesikari's severity, this trend did not reach statistical significance after multiple test adjustment. CONCLUSIONS RV infection induces a host salivary immune response, indicating that immune mucosal response to RV infection is not confined to the intestinal mucosa. Our data point to a whole mucosal implication in the RV infection as a result of the integrative mucosal immune response, and suggest the salivary gland as effector site for RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gómez-Rial
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - María José Curras-Tuala
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Tenreiro
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Redondo-Collazo
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Karampatsas K, Osborne L, Seah ML, Tong CYW, Prendergast AJ. Clinical characteristics and complications of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children in east London: A retrospective case-control study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194009. [PMID: 29565992 PMCID: PMC5863974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children and is associated with neurological complications such as seizures and encephalopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the presentation and complications of rotavirus compared to non-rotavirus gastroenteritis in UK children. Methods This was a retrospective, case-control, hospital-based study conducted at three sites in east London, UK. Cases were children aged 1 month to 16 years diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis between 1 June 2011 and 31 December 2013, in whom stool virology investigations confirmed presence of rotavirus by PCR. They were matched by age, gender and month of presentation to controls with rotavirus-negative gastroenteritis. Results Data were collected from 116 children (50 cases and 66 controls). Children with rotavirus gastroenteritis tended to present more frequently with metabolic acidosis (pH 7.30 vs 7.37, P = 0.011) and fever (74% versus 46%; P = 0.005) and were more likely to require hospitalisation compared to children with non-rotavirus gastroenteritis (93% versus 73%; P = 0.019). Neurological complications were the most common extra-intestinal manifestations, but did not differ significantly between children with rotavirus-positive gastroenteritis (RPG) and rotavirus-negative gastroenteritis (RNG) (24% versus 15%, respectively; P = 0.24). Encephalopathy occurred only in children with rotavirus infection (n = 3, 6%). Conclusion Rotavirus causes longer and more severe disease compared to other viral pathogens. Seizures and milder neurological signs were surprisingly common and associated with multiple pathogens, but encephalopathy occurred only in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Rotavirus vaccination may reduce seizures and presentation to hospital, but vaccines against other pathogens causing gastroenteritis are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Karampatsas
- Department of Paediatrics, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Leanne Osborne
- Department of Paediatrics, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - May-Li Seah
- Department of Paediatrics, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheuk Y. W. Tong
- Department of Virology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Prendergast
- Department of Paediatrics, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Orrico-Sánchez A, López-Lacort M, Muñoz-Quiles C, Díez-Domingo J. Lack of impact of rotavirus vaccines on seizure-related hospitalizations in children under 5 years old in Spain. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1534-1538. [PMID: 29393748 PMCID: PMC6037443 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1435225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Up to date the impact of rotavirus (RV) vaccines on seizures has been poorly evaluated, with some studies but not all, showing different degrees of protection. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of RV vaccines on convulsions-related hospitalizations among children under 5 years of age residing in the Region of Valencia, Spain. METHODS A population-based, ecological study using the hospital discharge record (MBDS), the population-based administrative database (SIP) and the vaccine register (SIV), among Valencia Region's children <5 years old, during 2003 - 2015. Impact of vaccination on seizures-related hospitalization rates (780.3* ICD-9-MC code) was estimated by a multivariate Bayesian mixed Poisson regression model. RESULTS Since RV vaccines licensure in 2007, its coverage rate increased up to around 42%. When the impact of vaccination against seizures was controlled for potential confounders in the multivariate analysis, there was a non-statistically significant protective effect. CONCLUSIONS We could not find any impact of RV vaccine coverage on seizure-related hospitalizations in children <5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez
- a Vaccine Research, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y, Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health , Valencia , Spain
| | - Mónica López-Lacort
- a Vaccine Research, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y, Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health , Valencia , Spain.,b Universidad Católica de Valencia 'San Vicente Martir' , Valencia , Spain
| | - Cintia Muñoz-Quiles
- a Vaccine Research, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y, Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health , Valencia , Spain.,b Universidad Católica de Valencia 'San Vicente Martir' , Valencia , Spain
| | - Javier Díez-Domingo
- a Vaccine Research, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y, Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health , Valencia , Spain.,b Universidad Católica de Valencia 'San Vicente Martir' , Valencia , Spain
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Ingle H, Peterson ST, Baldridge MT. Distinct Effects of Type I and III Interferons on Enteric Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:E46. [PMID: 29361691 PMCID: PMC5795459 DOI: 10.3390/v10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are key host cytokines in the innate immune response to viral infection, and recent work has identified unique roles for IFN subtypes in regulating different aspects of infection. Currently emerging is a common theme that type III IFNs are critical in localized control of infection at mucosal barrier sites, while type I IFNs are important for broad systemic control of infections. The intestine is a particular site of interest for exploring these effects, as in addition to being the port of entry for a multitude of pathogens, it is a complex tissue with a variety of cell types as well as the presence of the intestinal microbiota. Here we focus on the roles of type I and III IFNs in control of enteric viruses, discussing what is known about signaling downstream from these cytokines, including induction of specific IFN-stimulated genes. We review viral strategies to evade IFN responses, effects of IFNs on the intestine, interactions between IFNs and the microbiota, and briefly discuss the role of IFNs in controlling viral infections at other barrier sites. Enhanced understanding of the coordinate roles of IFNs in control of viral infections may facilitate development of antiviral therapeutic strategies; here we highlight potential avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Ingle
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Stefan T Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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25
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de Hoog MLA, Vesikari T, Giaquinto C, Huppertz HI, Martinon-Torres F, Bruijning-Verhagen P. Report of the 5th European expert meeting on rotavirus vaccination (EEROVAC). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1027-1034. [PMID: 29211629 PMCID: PMC5893188 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1412019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fifth European Expert Meeting on Rotavirus Vaccination was convened in Utrecht, The Netherlands, in March 2017. The 2-day meeting included invited lectures as well as original oral and poster presentations and brought together experts from 21 countries. Summary findings of the meeting include: Rotavirus vaccination programmes in Europe have resulted in reductions of 60–90% in rotavirus outpatient visits and hospitalizations. Long term trends indicate this impact is sustained over the years. Herd effects, protecting unvaccinated children and neonates too young to be vaccinated have been observed in many European countries. Early evidence now also suggests that rotavirus vaccination may be instrumental in the prevention of celiac disease. Special attention should be given to preterm infants, who may age out of the vaccination window before hospital discharge and to HIV infected children who are at increased risk of severe rotavirus AGE. There is a small but increased risk of IS following rotavirus vaccination and parents should therefore be informed about possible signs and symptoms of IS. New insights in rotavirus genetic susceptibility and interactions with microbiome may open opportunities for interventions to improve protection by vaccination, in particular in LMIC. The development of several novel rotavirus vaccines discussed at the meeting is also promising in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke L A de Hoog
- a Julius Center for Health Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Timo Vesikari
- b Vaccine Research Centre, University of Tampere Medical School , Tampere , Finland
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- c Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Hans-Iko Huppertz
- d Department of Paediatrics , Prof.-Hess-Kinderklinik and Research Laboratory , Bremen , Germany
| | - Federico Martinon-Torres
- e Department of Paediatrics and Healthcare Research Institute of Santiago , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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26
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Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Martinón-Torres F, Greenberg D, Varman M, Killar JA, Hille D, Strable EL, Stek JE, Kaplan SS. Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine Manufactured by a Modified Process. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:417-422. [PMID: 28141698 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children. The current formulation of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) must be stored refrigerated at 2-8°C. A modified formulation of RV5 (RV5mp) has been developed with stability at 37°C for 7 days and an expiry extended to 36 months when stored at 2-8°C. METHODS This study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01600092; EudraCT number: 2012-001611-23) evaluated the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of RV5mp versus the currently marketed RV5 in infants. To maintain blinding, both vaccine formulations were stored refrigerated at 2-8°C for the duration of the study. Immunogenicity endpoints were (1) serum neutralizing antibody titers to human rotavirus serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4 and P1A[8] and (2) proportion of subjects with a ≥3-fold rise from baseline for serum neutralizing antibody to human rotavirus serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4 and P1A[8] and serum antirotavirus immunoglobulin A. RESULTS The RV5mp group (n = 505) and RV5 group (n = 509) had comparable safety profiles. There were no deaths and no vaccine-related serious adverse events in this study. With respect to immunogenicity, RV5mp was noninferior compared with RV5. Serum neutralizing antibody responses by country and breast-feeding status were generally consistent with the overall results. CONCLUSIONS RV5mp enhances storage requirements while maintaining the immunogenicity and safety profile of the currently licensed RV5. A vaccine that is stable at room temperature may be more convenient for vaccinators, particularly in places where the cold chain is unreliable, and ultimately will permit more widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Martinón-Torres
- From the *Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; †Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain; §Soroka University Medical Center, Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Beer Sheva, Israel; ¶Department of Pediatrics, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska; and ‖Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey
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28
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Meier AF, Suter M, Schraner EM, Humbel BM, Tobler K, Ackermann M, Laimbacher AS. Transfer of Anti-Rotavirus Antibodies during Pregnancy and in Milk Following Maternal Vaccination with a Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Amplicon Vector. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E431. [PMID: 28212334 PMCID: PMC5343965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are important enteric pathogens of newborn humans and animals, causing diarrhea and in rare cases death, especially in very young individuals. Rotavirus vaccines presently used are modified live vaccines that lack complete biological safety. Previous work from our laboratory suggested that vaccines based on in situ produced, non-infectious rotavirus-like particles (RVLPs) are efficient while being entirely safe. However, using either vaccine, active mucosal immunization cannot induce protective immunity in newborns due to their immature immune system. We therefore hypothesized that offspring from vaccinated dams are passively immunized either by transfer of maternal antibodies during pregnancy or by taking up antibodies from milk. Using a codon optimized polycistronic gene expression cassette packaged into herpesvirus particles, the simultaneous expression of the RV capsid genes led to the intracellular formation of RVLPs in various cell lines. Vaccinated dams developed a strong RV specific IgG antibody response determined in sera and milk of both mother and pups. Moreover, sera of naïve pups nursed by vaccinated dams also had RV specific antibodies suggesting a lactogenic transfer of antibodies. Although full protection of pups was not achieved in this mouse model, our observations are important for the development of improved vaccines against RV in humans as well as in various animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita F Meier
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mark Suter
- Immunology Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Elisabeth M Schraner
- Institutes of Veterinary Anatomy and Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kurt Tobler
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mathias Ackermann
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea S Laimbacher
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Moreno-Pérez D, Álvarez García FJ, Arístegui Fernández J, Cilleruelo Ortega MJ, Corretger Rauet JM, García Sánchez N, Hernández Merino Á, Hernández-Sampelayo Matos T, Merino Moína M, Ortigosa del Castillo L, Ruiz-Contreras J. Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP): recomendaciones 2017. An Pediatr (Barc) 2017; 86:98.e1-98.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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30
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Moreno-Pérez D, Álvarez García FJ, Arístegui Fernández J, Cilleruelo Ortega MJ, Corretger Rauet JM, García Sánchez N, Hernández Merino Á, Hernández-Sampelayo Matos T, Merino Moína M, Ortigosa del Castillo L, Ruiz-Contreras J. Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2017 recommendations. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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31
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Martinon-Torres F. Expected and Unexpected Effects of Vaccination. PEDIATRIC VACCINES AND VACCINATIONS 2017. [PMCID: PMC7123597 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59952-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is widely considered to be one of the greatest medical achievements of civilization and one of the top major breakthroughs of humanity.
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32
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Salas A, Marco-Puche G, Triviño JC, Gómez-Carballa A, Cebey-López M, Rivero-Calle I, Vilanova-Trillo L, Rodríguez-Tenreiro C, Gómez-Rial J, Martinón-Torres F. Strong down-regulation of glycophorin genes: A host defense mechanism against rotavirus infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 44:403-411. [PMID: 27491455 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of rotavirus (RV) infection have been analyzed from different angles but the way in which RV modifies the transcriptome of the host is still unknown. Whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing of peripheral blood samples was used to reveal patterns of expression from the genome of RV-infected patients. RV provokes global changes in the transcriptome of infected cells, involving an over-expression of genes involved in cell cycle and chromatin condensation. While interferon IFI27 was hyper-activated, interferon type II was not suggesting that RV has developed mechanisms to evade the innate response by host cells after virus infection. Most interesting was the inhibition of genes of the glycophorins A and B (GYPA/B) family, which are the major sialoglycoproteins of the human erythrocyte membrane and receptor of several viruses for host invasion. RV infection induces a complex and global response in the host. The strong inhibition of glycophorins suggests a novel defense mechanism of the host to prevent viral infection, inhibiting the expression of receptors used by the virus for infection. The present results add further support to the systemic nature of RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Salas
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GENPOB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Galicia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain,.
| | | | | | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GENPOB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Galicia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain
| | - Miriam Cebey-López
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain,; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Lucía Vilanova-Trillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain,; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Tenreiro
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain,; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - José Gómez-Rial
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain,; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain,; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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