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Ramírez-Prada J, Rocha-Ortiz JS, Orozco MI, Moreno P, Guevara M, Barreto M, Burbano ME, Robledo S, Crespo-Ortiz MDP, Quiroga J, Abonia R, Cuartas V, Insuasty B. New pyridine-based chalcones and pyrazolines with anticancer, antibacterial, and antiplasmodial activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400081. [PMID: 38548680 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
New pyridine-based chalcones 4a-h and pyrazolines 5a-h (N-acetyl), 6a-h (N-phenyl), and 7a-h (N-4-chlorophenyl) were synthesized and evaluated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) against 60 different human cancer cell lines. Pyrazolines 6a, 6c-h, and 7a-h satisfied the pre-determined threshold inhibition criteria, obtaining that compounds 6c and 6f exhibited high antiproliferative activity, reaching submicromolar GI50 values from 0.38 to 0.45 μM, respectively. Moreover, compound 7g (4-CH3) exhibited the highest cytostatic activity of these series against different cancer cell lines from leukemia, nonsmall cell lung, colon, ovarian, renal, and prostate cancer, with LC50 values ranging from 5.41 to 8.35 μM, showing better cytotoxic activity than doxorubicin. Furthermore, the compounds were tested for antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities. Chalcone 4c was the most active with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 2 μg/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), while the pyrazoline 6h showed a MIC = 8 μg/mL against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. For anti-Plasmodium falciparum activity, the chalcones display higher activity with EC50 values ranging from 10.26 to 10.94 μg/mL. Docking studies were conducted against relevant proteins from P. falciparum, exhibiting the minimum binding energy with plasmepsin II. In vivo toxicity assay in Galleria mellonella suggests that most compounds are low or nontoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ramírez-Prada
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Juan S Rocha-Ortiz
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Marta I Orozco
- Biotechnology and Bacterial Infections Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Pedro Moreno
- Group of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Miguel Guevara
- Group of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Barreto
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria E Burbano
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Sara Robledo
- PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria Del Pilar Crespo-Ortiz
- Biotechnology and Bacterial Infections Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jairo Quiroga
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Abonia
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Viviana Cuartas
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFI, Cali, Colombia
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Rivas F, Del Mármol C, Scalese G, Pérez Díaz L, Machado I, Blacque O, Salazar F, Coitiño EL, Benítez D, Medeiros A, Comini M, Gambino D. Multifunctional Organometallic Compounds Active against Infective Trypanosomes: Ru(II) Ferrocenyl Derivatives with Two Different Bioactive Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11667-11687. [PMID: 38860314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, sleeping sickness) and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) are endemic zoonotic diseases caused by genomically related trypanosomatid protozoan parasites (Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively). Just a few old drugs are available for their treatment, with most of them sharing poor safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profiles. Only fexinidazole has been recently incorporated into the arsenal for the treatment of HAT. In this work, new multifunctional Ru(II) ferrocenyl compounds were rationally designed as potential agents against these pathogens by including in a single molecule 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) and two bioactive bidentate ligands: pyridine-2-thiolato-1-oxide ligand (mpo) and polypyridyl ligands (NN). Three [Ru(mpo)(dppf)(NN)](PF6) compounds and their derivatives with chloride as a counterion were synthesized and fully characterized in solid state and solution. They showed in vitro activity on bloodstream T. brucei (EC50 = 31-160 nM) and on T. cruzi trypomastigotes (EC50 = 190-410 nM). Compounds showed the lowest EC50 values on T. brucei when compared to the whole set of metal-based compounds previously developed by us. In addition, several of the Ru compounds showed good selectivity toward the parasites, particularly against the highly proliferative bloodstream form of T. brucei. Interaction with DNA and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were ruled out as potential targets and modes of action of the Ru compounds. Biochemical assays and in silico analysis led to the insight that they are able to inhibit the NADH-dependent fumarate reductase from T. cruzi. One representative hit induced a mild oxidation of low molecular weight thiols in T. brucei. The compounds were stable for at least 72 h in two different media and more lipophilic than both bioactive ligands, mpo and NN. An initial assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of one of the most potent and selective candidates, [Ru(mpo)(dppf)(bipy)]Cl, was performed using a murine infection model of acute African trypanosomiasis. This hit compound lacks acute toxicity when applied to animals in the dose/regimen described, but was unable to control parasite proliferation in vivo, probably because of its rapid clearance or low biodistribution in the extracellular fluids. Future studies should investigate the pharmacokinetics of this compound in vivo and involve further research to gain deeper insight into the mechanism of action of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriannys Rivas
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Del Mármol
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Scalese
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Pérez Díaz
- Sección Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Machado
- Área Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana Salazar
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional (LQTC), Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E Laura Coitiño
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional (LQTC), Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Benítez
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Sopbué Fondjo E, Songmi Feuze S, Tamokou JDD, Tsopmo A, Doungmo G, Friedrich Wilhelm PS, Feugap Tsamo DL, Lenta Ndjakou B, Kuiate JR. Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity studies of two Co(II) complexes with 2-[(E)-(3-acetyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-3-carboxylic acid as a ligand. BMC Chem 2024; 18:75. [PMID: 38627757 PMCID: PMC11022391 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Two new Cobalt(II) complexes 12 and 13 have been synthesized from 2-[(E)-(3-acetyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-3-carboxylic acid (11) as a novel ligand. These three new compounds were characterized on the basis of their powder X-Ray Diffraction, UV-Vis, IR, NMR, elemental analysis and MS spectral data. DFT/B3LYP mode of calculations were carried out to determine some theorical parameters of the molecular structure of the ligand. The purity of the azoic ligand and the metal complexes were ascertained by TLC and melting points. The analysis of the IR spectra of the polyfunctionalized azo compound 11 and its metal complexes 12 and 13, reveals that the coordination patterns of the ligand are hexadentate and tetradentate respectively. Based on the UV-Vis electronic spectral data and relevant literature reports, the ligand and derived complexes were assigned the E (trans) isomer form. Likewise, octahedral and square-planar geometries were respectively assigned to the cobalt(II) complexes. The broth microdilution method was used for antibacterial assays through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The ligand 11 displayed moderate antibacterial activity (MIC = 32-128 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae 22. The octahedral cobalt(II) complex 12 showed moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 128 μg/mL) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 22 (MIC = 64 μg/mL) and none against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922, whereas the square-planar complex 13 displayed moderate activity only on Klebsiella pneumoniae 22 (MIC = 64 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sopbué Fondjo
- Laboratory of Applied Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Republic of Cameroon.
| | - Sorelle Songmi Feuze
- Laboratory of Applied Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Republic of Cameroon
| | - Jean-de-Dieu Tamokou
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 067, Dschang, Republic of Cameroon
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Giscard Doungmo
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Simon Friedrich Wilhelm
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Live Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Campus Kleve, Marie-Curie Strasse 1, 47533, Kleve, Germany
| | - Donald Léonel Feugap Tsamo
- Laboratory of Applied Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Republic of Cameroon
| | - Bruno Lenta Ndjakou
- Higher Teacher's Training College, University of Yaounde I, P. O. Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jules Roger Kuiate
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 067, Dschang, Republic of Cameroon
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de Andrade Querino AL, de Sousa AM, Thomas SR, de Lima GM, Dittz D, Casini A, do Monte-Neto RL, Silva H. Organogold(III)-dithiocarbamate compounds and their coordination analogues as anti-tumor and anti-leishmanial metallodrugs. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112346. [PMID: 37536162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The limited chemical stability of gold(III)-based compounds in physiological environment has been a challenge in drug discovery, and organometallic chemistry might provide the solution to overcome this issue. In this work, four novel cationic organogold(III)-dithiocarbamate complexes of general structure [(C^N)AuIIIDTC]PF6 (C1a - C4a, DTC = dithiocarbamate, L1 - L4, C^N = 2-anilinopyridine) are presented, and compared to their coordination gold(III)-dithiocarbamate analogues [AuIIIDTCCl2] (C1b - C4b), as potential anti-cancer and anti-leishmanial drugs. Most of the complexes effectively inhibited cancer cell growth, notably C3a presented anti-proliferative effect in the nanomolar range against breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with moderate selectivity. Pro-apoptotic studies on treated MCF-7 cells showed a high population of cells in early apoptosis. Reactivity studies of C3a towards model thiols (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) refer to a possible mode of action involving bonding between the organogold(III)-core and the thiolate. In the scope of neglected diseases, gold complexes are emerging as promising therapeutic alternatives against leishmaniasis. In this regard, all gold(III)-dithiocarbamate complexes presented anti-leishmanial activity against at least one Leishmania species. Complexes C1a, C4a, C1b, C4b were active against all tested parasites with IC50 values varying between 0.12 and 42 μM, and, overall, organometallic compounds presented more intriguing inhibition profiles. For C4a selectivity over 500-fold for L. braziliensis; even higher than the reference anti-leishmanial drug amphotericin B. Overall, our findings revealed that the organogold(III) moiety significantly amplified the anti-cancer and anti-leishmanial effects with respect to the coordination analogues; thus, showing the great potential of organometallic chemistry in metallodrug-based chemotherapy for cancer and leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza de Andrade Querino
- Laboratório de Síntese e Interações Bioinorgânicas (SibLab), Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching b. Munich, Germany.
| | - Alessandra Mara de Sousa
- RdM Lab - Biotechnology Applied to Pathogens Research Group, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sophie R Thomas
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching b. Munich, Germany
| | - Geraldo Magela de Lima
- Laboratório de Síntese e Interações Bioinorgânicas (SibLab), Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dalton Dittz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching b. Munich, Germany
| | - Rubens Lima do Monte-Neto
- RdM Lab - Biotechnology Applied to Pathogens Research Group, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Heveline Silva
- Laboratório de Síntese e Interações Bioinorgânicas (SibLab), Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Brenda CT, Norma RF, Marcela RL, Nelly LV, Teresa F. Vanadium compounds as antiparasitic agents: An approach to their mechanisms of action. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127201. [PMID: 37210920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic infections are a public health problem since they have high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In parasitosis such as malaria, leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis it is necessary to develop new compounds for their treatment since an increase in drug resistance and toxic effects have been observed. Therefore, the use of different compounds that couple vanadium in their structure and that have a broad spectrum against different parasites have been proposed experimentally. OBJECTIVE Report the mechanisms of action exerted by vanadium in different parasites. CONCLUSION In this review, some of the targets that vanadium compounds have were identified and it was observed that they have a broad spectrum against different parasites, which represents an advance to continue investigating therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casarrubias-Tabarez Brenda
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rivera-Fernández Norma
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rojas-Lemus Marcela
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - López-Valdez Nelly
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fortoul Teresa
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico.
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In vitro anti-Leishmania activity of new isomeric cobalt(II)complexes and in silico insights: Mitochondria impairment and apoptosis-like cell death of the parasite. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112088. [PMID: 36630792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and in vitro antiproliferative activity against the promastigote form of Leishmania amazonensis of two new cobalt(II) coordination compounds (i.e. [Co(HL1)Cl2]0.4,2H2O (1) and [Co(HL2)(Cl)(CH3OH)](ClO4).2H2O (2)) are reported, where HL1 = 4-{3-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-2-hydroxypropoxy}-2H-chromen-2-one and HL2 = 7-{3-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-2-hydroxypropoxy}-2H-chromen-2-one. X-ray diffraction studies were performed for complex (2) and the structure of complex (1) was built through Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Complex (1) presented no cytotoxicity to LLC-MK2, but complex (2) was toxic. IC50 against promastigotes of L. amazonensis for complex (1) were 4.90 (24 h), 3.50 (48 h) and 3. 80 μmol L-1 (72 h), and for complex (2) were 2.09, 4.20 and 2.80 μmol L-1, respectively. Due to the high toxicity presented by complex (2) against LLC-MK2 host cells, mechanistic studies, to shed light on the probable mode of leishmanicidal activity, were carried out only for the non-cytotoxic complex. Complex (1) was able to elevate mitochondrial membrane potential of the parasites after treatment. Transmission electron microscopy revealed typical apoptotic condensation of chromatin, altered kinetoplast and mitochondria structures, suggesting that apoptosis-like cell death of the protozoa is probably mediated by an apoptotic mechanism associated with mitochondrial dysfunction (intrinsic pathway). Molecular docking studies with complex (1) upon protein tyrosine phosphatase (LmPRL-1) suggests a plausible positive complex anchoring mainly by hydrophobic and hydrogen bond forces close to the enzyme's catalytic site. These promising results for complex 1 will prompt future investigations against amastigote form of L. amazonensis.
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Qadeer A, Ullah H, Sohail M, Safi SZ, Rahim A, Saleh TA, Arbab S, Slama P, Horky P. Potential application of nanotechnology in the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of schistosomiasis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1013354. [PMID: 36568300 PMCID: PMC9780462 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1013354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Globally, it affects economically poor countries, typically due to a lack of proper sanitation systems, and poor hygiene conditions. Currently, no vaccine is available against schistosomiasis, and the preferred treatment is chemotherapy with the use of praziquantel. It is a common anti-schistosomal drug used against all known species of Schistosoma. To date, current treatment primarily the drug praziquantel has not been effective in treating Schistosoma species in their early stages. The drug of choice offers low bioavailability, water solubility, and fast metabolism. Globally drug resistance has been documented due to overuse of praziquantel, Parasite mutations, poor treatment compliance, co-infection with other strains of parasites, and overall parasitic load. The existing diagnostic methods have very little acceptability and are not readily applied for quick diagnosis. This review aims to summarize the use of nanotechnology in the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention. It also explored safe and effective substitute approaches against parasitosis. At this stage, various nanomaterials are being used in drug delivery systems, diagnostic kits, and vaccine production. Nanotechnology is one of the modern and innovative methods to treat and diagnose several human diseases, particularly those caused by parasite infections. Herein we highlight the current advancement and application of nanotechnological approaches regarding the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hanif Ullah
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan,Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Abdur Rahim, ; Petr Slama, ; Pavel Horky,
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Arbab
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia,*Correspondence: Abdur Rahim, ; Petr Slama, ; Pavel Horky,
| | - Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia,*Correspondence: Abdur Rahim, ; Petr Slama, ; Pavel Horky,
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8
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Mohamed MG, Elmarhoumy SM, Saied EM, Zoghroban HS. Evaluation of the efficacy of gold nanoparticles on Giardia lamblia infection in experimental animals. Exp Parasitol 2022; 238:108277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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9
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Navarro M, Justo RMS, Delgado GYS, Visbal G. Metallodrugs for the Treatment of Trypanosomatid Diseases: Recent Advances and New Insights. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1763-1789. [PMID: 33185155 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomatid parasites are responsible for many Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). NTDs are a group of illnesses that prevail in low-income populations, such as in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The three major human diseases caused by trypanosomatids are African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. There are known drugs for the treatment of these diseases that are used extensively and are affordable; however, the use of these medicines is limited by several drawbacks such as the development of chemo-resistance, side effects such as cardiotoxicity, low selectivity, and others. Therefore, there is a need to develop new chemotherapeutic against these tropical parasitic diseases. Metal-based drugs against NTDs have been discussed over the years as alternative ways to overcome the difficulties presented by approved antiparasitic agents. The study of late transition metal-based drugs as chemotherapeutics is an exciting research field in chemistry, biology, and medicine due to the ability to develop multitarget antiparasitic agents. The evaluation of the late transition metal complexes for the treatment of trypanosomatid diseases is provided here, as well as some insights about their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Navarro
- Departamento de Quimica, Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M S Justo
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Giset Y Sánchez Delgado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Visbal
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Brazil
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Rosa LB, Aires RL, Oliveira LS, Fontes JV, Miguel DC, Abbehausen C. A "Golden Age" for the discovery of new antileishmanial agents: Current status of leishmanicidal gold complexes and prospective targets beyond the trypanothione system. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1681-1695. [PMID: 33615725 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected diseases worldwide and is considered a serious public health issue. The current therapeutic options have several disadvantages that make the search for new therapeutics urgent. Gold compounds are emerging as promising candidates based on encouraging in vitro and limited in vivo results for several AuI and AuIII complexes. The antiparasitic mechanisms of these molecules remain only partially understood. However, a few studies have proposed the trypanothione redox system as a target, similar to the mammalian thioredoxin system, pointed out as the main target for several gold compounds with significant antitumor activity. In this review, we present the current status of the investigation and design of gold compounds directed at treating leishmaniasis. In addition, we explore potential targets in Leishmania parasites beyond the trypanothione system, taking into account previous studies and structure modulation performed for gold-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia B Rosa
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rochanna L Aires
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil)
| | - Laiane S Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil)
| | - Josielle V Fontes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil)
| | - Danilo C Miguel
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilla Abbehausen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil)
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11
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Stenger‐Smith JR, Mascharak PK. Gold Drugs with {Au(PPh
3
)}
+
Moiety: Advantages and Medicinal Applications. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2136-2145. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny R. Stenger‐Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA
| | - Pradip K. Mascharak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA
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12
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Sharma G, Kalra SK, Tejan N, Ghoshal U. Nanoparticles based therapeutic efficacy against Acanthamoeba: Updates and future prospect. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:108008. [PMID: 32979343 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba sp. is a free living amoeba that causes severe, painful and fatal infections, viz. Acanthamoeba keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis among humans. Antimicrobial chemotherapy used against Acanthamoeba is toxic to human cells and show side effects as well. Infections due to Acanthamoeba also pose challenges towards currently used antimicrobial treatment including resistance and transformation of trophozoites to resistant cyst forms that can lead to recurrence of infection. Therapeutic agents targeting central nervous system infections caused by Acanthamoeba should be able to cross blood-brain barrier. Nanoparticles based drug delivery put forth an effective therapeutic method to overcome the limitations of currently used antimicrobial chemotherapy. In recent years, various researchers investigated the effectiveness of nanoparticles conjugated drug and/or naturally occurring plant compounds against both trophozoites and cyst form of Acanthamoeba. In the current review, a reasonable effort has been made to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticles tested for their efficacy against Acanthamoeba. This review summarizes the noteworthy details of research performed to elucidate the effect of nanoparticles conjugated drugs against Acanthamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetansh Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Bajhol, District Solan, H.P, 173229, India
| | - Sonali K Kalra
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Bajhol, District Solan, H.P, 173229, India.
| | - Nidhi Tejan
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareili Road, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
| | - Ujjala Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareili Road, Lucknow, U.P, 226014, India
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13
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Tunes LG, Morato RE, Garcia A, Schmitz V, Steindel M, Corrêa-Junior JD, Dos Santos HF, Frézard F, de Almeida MV, Silva H, Moretti NS, de Barros ALB, do Monte-Neto RL. Preclinical Gold Complexes as Oral Drug Candidates to Treat Leishmaniasis Are Potent Trypanothione Reductase Inhibitors. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1121-1139. [PMID: 32283915 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The drugs currently used to treat leishmaniases have limitations concerning cost, efficacy, and safety, making the search for new therapeutic approaches urgent. We found that the gold(I)-derived complexes were active against L. infantum and L. braziliensis intracellular amastigotes with IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 μM. All gold(I) complexes were potent inhibitors of trypanothione reductase (TR), with enzyme IC50 values ranging from 1 to 7.8 μM. Triethylphosphine-derived complexes enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased mitochondrial respiration after 2 h of exposure, indicating that gold(I) complexes cause oxidative stress by direct ROS production, by causing mitochondrial damage or by impairing TR activity and thus accumulating ROS. There was no cross-resistance to antimony; in fact, SbR (antimony-resistant mutants) strains were hypersensitive to some of the complexes. BALB/c mice infected with luciferase-expressing L. braziliensis or L. amazonensis and treated orally with 12.5 mg/kg/day of AdT Et (3) or AdO Et (4) presented reduced lesion size and parasite burden, as revealed by bioimaging. The combination of (3) and miltefosine allowed for a 50% reduction in miltefosine treatment time. Complexes 3 and 4 presented favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles that encourage further drug development studies. Gold(I) complexes are promising antileishmanial agents, with a potential for therapeutic use, including in leishmaniasis caused by antimony-resistant parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza G. Tunes
- Instituto René Rachou/Fiocruz Minas−Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Brasil
| | - Roberta E. Morato
- Instituto René Rachou/Fiocruz Minas−Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Brasil
| | - Adriana Garcia
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brasil
| | - Vinicius Schmitz
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brasil
| | - Mario Steindel
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brasil
| | - José D. Corrêa-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brasil
| | - Hélio F. Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brasil
| | - Frédéric Frézard
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brasil
| | - Mauro V. de Almeida
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brasil
| | - Heveline Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brasil
| | - Nilmar S. Moretti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brasil
| | - André L. B. de Barros
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brasil
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14
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Gallati CM, Goetzfried SK, Ausserer M, Sagasser J, Plangger M, Wurst K, Hermann M, Baecker D, Kircher B, Gust R. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of bromido[3-ethyl-4-aryl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5471-5481. [PMID: 32255443 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04824c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bromido[3-ethyl-4-aryl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(i) complexes (8a-h) with methoxy, methyl and fluorine substituents at different positions of the 4-aryl ring were synthesized and characterized. The relevance of the 2-methoxypyridin-5-yl residue and the substituents at the 4-aryl ring with regard to the activity against a series of cell lines was determined. Particularly against the Cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line A2780cis, the most active bromido[3-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(i) complex 8c was more active than Auranofin. It also inhibited thioredoxin reductase more effectively and induced high amounts of reactive oxygen species in A2780cis cells. Furthermore, its influence on non-cancerous SV 80 lung fibroblasts was lower than that of Auranofin. This fact, together with a high accumulation rate in tumor cells, determined on the example of MCF-7 cells, makes this complex an interesting candidate for further extensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Gallati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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15
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16
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Ngcephe AM, Sinha MK, Purcell W. Solvent extraction and separation of palladium from platinum group elements: Synthesis and characterization of 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide-palladium (II) complex. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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da Cunha GA, de Souza RFF, de Farias RL, Moreira MB, Silva DES, Zanetti RD, Garcia DM, Spindola DG, Michelin LFG, Bincoletto C, de Souza AA, Antunes AA, Judice WADS, Leitao RCF, Deflon VM, Mauro AE, Netto AVG. Cyclopalladated compounds containing 2,6-lutidine: Synthesis, spectral and biological studies. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110944. [PMID: 31794895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bridge splitting reactions between [Pd(C2,N-dmba)(μ-X)]2 (dmba = N,N-dimethylbenzylamine; X = Cl, I, N3, NCO) and 2,6-lutidine (lut) in the 1:2 molar ratio at room temperature afforded cyclopalladated compounds of general formulae [Pd(C2,N-dmba)(X)(lut)] {X = Cl- (1), I-(2), NNN-(3), NCO-(4)}, which were characterized by elemental analyses and infrared (IR), 1H NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of all synthesized palladacycles have been solved by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The cytotoxicity of the cyclopalladated compounds has been evaluated against a panel of murine {mammary carcinoma (4T1) and melanoma (B16F10-Nex2)} and human {melanoma (A2058, SK-MEL-110 and SK-MEL-5) tumor cell lines. All complexes were about 10 to 100-fold more active than cisplatin, depending on the tested tumor cell line. For comparison purposes, the cytotoxic effects of 1-4 towards human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) have also been tested. The late apoptosis-inducing properties of 1-4 compounds in SK-MEL-5 cells were verified 24 h incubation using annexin V-Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI). The binding properties of the model compound 1 on human serum albumin (HSA) and calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) have been studied using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. Docking simulations have been carried out to gain more information about the interaction of the palladacycle and HSA. The ability of compounds 1-4 to inhibit the activity of cathepsin B and L has also been investigated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine A da Cunha
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronan F F de Souza
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan L de Farias
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariete B Moreira
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora E S Silva
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan D Zanetti
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Garcia
- São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP), Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo Medicinal School, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Spindola
- São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP), Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo Medicinal School, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis F G Michelin
- São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP), Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo Medicinal School, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP), Department of Pharmacology, São Paulo Medicinal School, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline A de Souza
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica -CIIB, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200-CEP: 08701-970, CP: 411, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Alyne A Antunes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica -CIIB, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200-CEP: 08701-970, CP: 411, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner A de S Judice
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica -CIIB, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200-CEP: 08701-970, CP: 411, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan C F Leitao
- University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor M Deflon
- University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio E Mauro
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Adelino V G Netto
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Ong YC, Roy S, Andrews PC, Gasser G. Metal Compounds against Neglected Tropical Diseases. Chem Rev 2018; 119:730-796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yih Ching Ong
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip C. Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
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19
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Lopes LCS, Brito LM, Bezerra TT, Gomes KN, Carvalho FADEA, Chaves MH, Cantanhêde W. Silver and gold nanoparticles from tannic acid: synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:2679-2689. [PMID: 30043906 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold (Au0) and silver (Ag0) nanoparticles were synthesized using tannic acid (TA) as both reducing and stabilizer. Nanoparticles formation, stability, and interaction with TA were compared to citrate-coated nanoparticles and monitored by UV-Vis, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy. TA coating resulted in a red-shift and broadening of bands compared to citrate-coated nanoparticles (NPs-Cit). AgNPs-TA and AuNPs-TA are negatively charged with mean surface charge of -29.4 mV and -29.6 mV, respectively. TEM images showed polydispersety of AuNPs-TA (6-42 nm) and aggregation of AgNPs-TA (12-71 nm). In vitro assays of Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes showed an increment of antileishmanial activity for AgNPs-TA in relation to AgNPs-Cit, while AuNPs-TA and AuNPs-Cit did not affect the protozoas at tested concentrations. CC50 value for AgNPs-TA suggested that TA attenuates nanosilver toxicity comparatively to its precursor (Ag+). This investigation can contribute to the development of new, green, and fast produced drugs aiming at leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes C S Lopes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Brito
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Thayllan T Bezerra
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Kleyton N Gomes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Fernando A DE A Carvalho
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Welter Cantanhêde
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
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20
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Benelli G. Gold nanoparticles - against parasites and insect vectors. Acta Trop 2018; 178:73-80. [PMID: 29092797 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are currently considered for many biological, biomedical and environmental purposes, due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is of high interest for research in parasitology and entomology, since these nanomaterials showed promising applications, ranging from detection techniques to drug development, against a rather wide range of parasites of public health relevance, as well as on insect vectors. Here, I reviewed current knowledge about the bioactivity of Au NPs on selected insect species of public health relevance, including major mosquito vectors, such as Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. The toxicity of Au NPs against helminths was reviewed, covering Schistosoma mansoni trematodes as well as Raillietina cestodes. Furthermore, I summarized the information available on the antiparasitic role of Au NPs in the fight against malaria, leishmaniosis, toxoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and microsporidian parasites affecting human and animals health. Besides, I examined the employ of Au NPs as biomarkers, tools for diagnostics and adjuvants for the induction of transmission blocking immunity in malaria vaccine research. In the final section, major challenges and future outlooks for further research are discussed, with special reference to the pressing need of further knowledge about the effect of Au NPs on other arthropod vectors, such as ticks, tsetse flies, tabanids, sandflies and blackflies, and related ecotoxicology assays.
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21
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Fereidoonnezhad M, Ramezani Z, Nikravesh M, Zangeneh J, Golbon Haghighi M, Faghih Z, Notash B, Shahsavari HR. Cycloplatinated(ii) complexes bearing an O,S-heterocyclic ligand: search for anticancer drugs. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cycloplatinated(ii) complexes containing the 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide ligand were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. The biological activities of these complexes were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Fereidoonnezhad
- Cancer, Environmental and Petroleum Pollutants Research Center; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
- Ahvaz
- Iran
| | - Zahra Ramezani
- Cancer, Environmental and Petroleum Pollutants Research Center; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
- Ahvaz
- Iran
| | - Mahshid Nikravesh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan 45137-66731
- Iran
| | - Jalalaldin Zangeneh
- Cancer, Environmental and Petroleum Pollutants Research Center; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
- Ahvaz
- Iran
| | | | - Zahra Faghih
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Behrouz Notash
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University
- Tehran 19839-69411
- Iran
| | - Hamid R. Shahsavari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan 45137-66731
- Iran
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22
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Abstract
Despite the incessant efforts to decrease exorbitant number of daily deaths, malaria remains a major threat to the public health in many countries. Transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, it is caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites that have become resistant to many antimalarial drugs. In this context, series of metal-based compounds have been screened for optimal activity against different Plasmodium species and strains. This chapter briefly reviews current and potential uses of metal complexes (such as iron, cobalt, nickel, gallium, copper, gold, and silver), metal chelators, and organometallic compounds, as interesting medicinal agents that greatly benefits the fight against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Rai
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra India
| | - Avinash P. Ingle
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra India
| | - Serenella Medici
- Departmento Di Chimica Farmacia, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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23
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Salinas G, Gao W, Wang Y, Bonilla M, Yu L, Novikov A, Virginio VG, Ferreira HB, Vieites M, Gladyshev VN, Gambino D, Dai S. The Enzymatic and Structural Basis for Inhibition of Echinococcus granulosus Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase by Gold(I). Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1491-1504. [PMID: 28463568 PMCID: PMC5678357 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS New drugs are needed to treat flatworm infections that cause severe human diseases such as schistosomiasis. The unique flatworm enzyme thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR), structurally different from the human enzyme, is a key drug target. Structural studies of the flatworm Echinococcus granulosus TGR, free and complexed with AuI-MPO, a novel gold inhibitor, together with inhibition assays were performed. RESULTS AuI-MPO is a potent TGR inhibitor that achieves 75% inhibition at a 1:1 TGR:Au ratio and efficiently kills E. granulosus in vitro. The structures revealed salient insights: (i) unique monomer-monomer interactions, (ii) distinct binding sites for thioredoxin and the glutaredoxin (Grx) domain, (iii) a single glutathione disulfide reduction site in the Grx domain, (iv) rotation of the Grx domain toward the Sec-containing redox active site, and (v) a single gold atom bound to Cys519 and Cys573 in the AuI-TGR complex. Structural modeling suggests that these residues are involved in the stabilization of the Sec-containing C-terminus. Consistently, Cys→Ser mutations in these residues decreased TGR activities. Mass spectroscopy confirmed these cysteines are the primary binding site. INNOVATION The identification of a primary site for gold binding and the structural model provide a basis for gold compound optimization through scaffold adjustments. CONCLUSIONS The structural study revealed that TGR functions are achieved not only through a mobile Sec-containing redox center but also by rotation of the Grx domain and distinct binding sites for Grx domain and thioredoxin. The conserved Cys519 and Cys573 residues targeted by gold assist catalysis through stabilization of the Sec-containing redox center. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1491-1504.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Salinas
- Worm Biology Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- School of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mariana Bonilla
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrey Novikov
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Veridiana G. Virginio
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique B. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marisol Vieites
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Shaodong Dai
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Synthesis, characterization, and antileishmanial activity of neutral N-heterocyclic carbenes gold(I) complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1635-1643. [PMID: 29133045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of five new mononuclear neutral gold(I) complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The X-ray structures of four complexes are presented. These gold(I) complexes together with four other neutral gold(I)-NHC complexes previously described were evaluated in vitro against Leishmania infantum promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. Moreover, their cytotoxicity was assessed on the murine macrophages J774A.1. Except one complex (10), eight gold(I)-NHC-Cl complexes show potent activity against the pathological relevant form of L. infantum amastigote with IC50 in the low micromolar and submicromolar range and five of them exhibit a SI close to 10. The lead-complex 11 displays a very high and selective activity (IC50 = 190 nM, SI = 40.29) and constitutes the best promising gold(I)-based drug of this series.
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Velásquez AMA, Ribeiro WC, Venn V, Castelli S, Camargo MSD, de Assis RP, de Souza RA, Ribeiro AR, Passalacqua TG, da Rosa JA, Baviera AM, Mauro AE, Desideri A, Almeida-Amaral EE, Graminha MAS. Efficacy of a Binuclear Cyclopalladated Compound Therapy for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Murine Model of Infection with Leishmania amazonensis and Its Inhibitory Effect on Topoisomerase 1B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e00688-17. [PMID: 28507113 PMCID: PMC5527659 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00688-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease found throughout the (sub)tropical parts of the world caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus. Despite the numerous problems associated with existing treatments, pharmaceutical companies continue to neglect the development of better ones. The high toxicity of current drugs combined with emerging resistance makes the discovery of new therapeutic alternatives urgent. We report here the evaluation of a binuclear cyclopalladated complex containing Pd(II) and N,N'-dimethylbenzylamine (Hdmba) against Leishmania amazonensis The compound [Pd(dmba)(μ-N3)]2 (CP2) inhibits promastigote growth (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 13.2 ± 0.7 μM) and decreases the proliferation of intracellular amastigotes in in vitro incubated macrophages (IC50 = 10.2 ± 2.2 μM) without a cytotoxic effect when tested against peritoneal macrophages (50% cytotoxic concentration = 506.0 ± 10.7 μM). In addition, CP2 was also active against T. cruzi intracellular amastigotes (IC50 = 2.3 ± 0.5 μM, selective index = 225), an indication of its potential for use in Chagas disease therapy. In vivo assays using L. amazonensis-infected BALB/c showed an 80% reduction in parasite load compared to infected and nontreated animals. Also, compared to amphotericin B treatment, CP2 did not show any side effects, which was corroborated by the analysis of plasma levels of different hepatic and renal biomarkers. Furthermore, CP2 was able to inhibit Leishmania donovani topoisomerase 1B (Ldtopo1B), a potentially important target in this parasite. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02169141.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Arenas Velásquez
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Willian Campos Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Vutey Venn
- University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Renata Pires de Assis
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thaís Gaban Passalacqua
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Amanda Martins Baviera
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcia A S Graminha
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
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Chaves JDS, Tunes LG, de J. Franco CH, Francisco TM, Corrêa CC, Murta SM, Monte-Neto RL, Silva H, Fontes APS, de Almeida MV. Novel gold(I) complexes with 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione and phosphine as potential anticancer and antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:727-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
In trypanosomatids, polyamine and trypanothione pathways can be considered as a whole unique metabolism, where most enzymes are essential for parasitic survival and infectivity. Leishmania parasites and all the other members of the Trypanosomatids family depend on polyamines for growth and survival: the enzymes involved in the synthesis and utilization of spermidine and trypanothione, i.e., arginase, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, spermidine synthase and in particular trypanothione synthetase-amidase, trypanothione reductase and tryparedoxin-dependent peroxidase are promising targets for drug development. This review deals with recent structure-based studies on these enzymes, aimed at the discovery of inhibitors of this pathway.
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Zhang XF, Shen W, Gurunathan S. Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cold and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli. Molecules 2016; 21:E731. [PMID: 27271586 PMCID: PMC6273942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique physical, chemical, and optical properties, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have recently attracted much interest in the field of nanomedicine, especially in the areas of cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy. Because of the enormous potential of these nanoparticles, various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been adopted for their synthesis. Synthetic antioxidants are dangerous to human health. Thus, the search for effective, nontoxic natural compounds with effective antioxidative properties is essential. Although AuNPs have been studied for use in various biological applications, exploration of AuNPs as antioxidants capable of inhibiting oxidative stress induced by heat and cold stress is still warranted. Therefore, one goal of our study was to produce biocompatible AuNPs using biological methods that are simple, nontoxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. Next, we aimed to assess the antioxidative effect of AuNPs against oxidative stress induced by cold and heat in Escherichia coli, which is a suitable model for stress responses involving AuNPs. The response of aerobically grown E. coli cells to cold and heat stress was found to be similar to the oxidative stress response. Upon exposure to cold and heat stress, the viability and metabolic activity of E. coli was significantly reduced compared to the control. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and leakage of proteins and sugars were significantly elevated, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) significantly lowered compared to in the control. Concomitantly, AuNPs ameliorated cold and heat-induced oxidative stress responses by increasing the expression of antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). These consistent physiology and biochemical data suggest that AuNPs can ameliorate cold and heat stress-induced oxidative damage in E. coli. Our results indicate that AuNPs may be effective antioxidants. However, further studies are needed to confirm the role of AuNPs as antioxidative agents, as well as their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Rodríguez Arce E, Mosquillo MF, Pérez-Díaz L, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, Merlino A, Coitiño EL, Maríngolo Ribeiro C, Leite CQF, Pavan FR, Otero L, Gambino D. Aromatic amine N-oxide organometallic compounds: searching for prospective agents against infectious diseases. Dalton Trans 2016. [PMID: 26203896 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00557d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In search of prospective agents against infectious diseases, 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene pyridine-2-thiolato-1-oxide M(ii) hexafluorophosphate compounds [M(mpo)(dppf)](PF6), where M = palladium or platinum, were synthesized and fully characterized in the solid state and in solution using experimental and DFT computational techniques. The compounds are isomorphous and the M(ii) transition metal ions are in a nearly planar trapezoidal cis-coordination bound to the pyridine-2-thiolato-1-oxide (mpo) and to the 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene molecules, both acting as bidentate ligands. Both compounds showed high cytotoxic activity on Trypanosoma cruzi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and acceptable selectivities towards MTB, but good to excellent selectivity index values as anti-T. cruzi compounds. The inclusion of the ferrocene moiety (dppf ligand) improved the selectivity towards the parasite when compared to the previously reported [M(mpo)2] complexes. Related to the probable mechanism of action of the complexes, molecular docking studies on modelled T. cruzi NADH-fumarate reductase (TcFR) predicted that both be very good inhibitors of the enzyme. The effect of the compounds on the enzyme activity was experimentally confirmed using T. cruzi protein extracts. According to all obtained results, both [M(mpo)(dppf)](PF6) compounds could be considered prospective anti-trypanosomal agents that deserve further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Rodríguez Arce
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Dkhil MA, Bauomy AA, Diab MSM, Al-Quraishy S. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective role of gold nanoparticles against murine hepatic schistosomiasis. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:7467-75. [PMID: 26719689 PMCID: PMC4687720 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s97622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have become the focus of much attention in biomedical research, especially in the context of nanomedicine, due to their distinctive physicochemical properties. The current study was planned to assess the effect of three dose levels of AuNPs on the gene expression, histology, and oxidative stress status of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice liver. Inoculation of mice with 100 μL AuNPs at different doses (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg mice body weight) twice on day 46 and day 49 postinfection reduced the total worm burden, the egg load in the liver, and the granuloma size. AuNPs also appeared to decrease the activities of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide significantly, and increase the level of glutathione compared to the infected untreated group. Concomitantly, AuNPs ameliorated the inflammatory response by decreasing the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These consistent molecular, histopathological, and biochemical data suggest that AuNPs could ameliorate infection-induced damage in the livers of mice. Our results indicated that AuNPs are effective anti-schistosomal and antioxidant agents. Further confirmation of the role of nanogold as an anti-schistosomal agent, as well as its mechanism of action, requires further studies to be undertaken in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira A Bauomy
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt ; Department of Laboratory Sciences, College of Science & Arts, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa S M Diab
- Molecular Drug Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control & Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Machado PDA, Mota VZ, Cavalli ACDL, de Carvalho GSG, Da Silva AD, Gameiro J, Cuin A, Coimbra ES. High selective antileishmanial activity of vanadium complex with stilbene derivative. Acta Trop 2015; 148:120-7. [PMID: 25917716 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of disease caused by different species of the parasite Leishmania affecting millions of people worldwide. Conventional therapy relies on multiple parenteral injections with pentavalent antimonials which exhibit high toxicity and various side effects have been reported. Hence, the research for an effective and low toxic effect drug is necessary. In the present work, the synthesis, spectroscopic and analytical characterizations of stilbene derivative (H2Salophen) and its vanadium complex (VOSalophen) are reported. Besides the chemical ancillary information, investigation of the leishmanicidal effects of these compounds were provided. The biological assays against promastigote and amastigote forms of L. amazonensis have been shown that VOSalophen exhibited a strong antiparasitic activity (IC50 of 6.65 and 3.51 μM, respectively). Furthermore, the leishmanicidal activity was concentration and time-dependent. Regarding toxicity and selectivity on mammalian cells, VOSalophen have not caused significant damage to human erythrocytes in all concentrations tested and VOSalophen was almost seven times more destructive for the intracellular parasite than for macrophages. Furthermore, the leishmanicidal activity of VOSalophen in promastigote forms of L. amazonensis could be associated to mitochondrial dysfunction and increase of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, VOSalophen induces ROS production and a microbicidal action NO-dependent. Our biological results indicate the effective and selective action of VOSalophen against L. amazonensis and the leishmanicidal effect can be associated to parasite disorders and immumodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Almeida Machado
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 33036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Zamprogno Mota
- LQBin - Laboratório de Química BioInorgânica, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 33036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara de Lima Cavalli
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 33036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Adilson David Da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacy Gameiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 33036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Cuin
- LQBin - Laboratório de Química BioInorgânica, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 33036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Elaine Soares Coimbra
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 33036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Espíndola JWP, Cardoso MVDO, Filho GBDO, Oliveira e Silva DA, Moreira DRM, Bastos TM, Simone CAD, Soares MBP, Villela FS, Ferreira RS, Castro MCABD, Pereira VRA, Murta SMF, Sales Junior PA, Romanha AJ, Leite ACL. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship study of a new series of antiparasitic aryloxyl thiosemicarbazones inhibiting Trypanosoma cruzi cruzain. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:818-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Paloque L, Hemmert C, Valentin A, Gornitzka H. Synthesis, characterization, and antileishmanial activities of gold(I) complexes involving quinoline functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 94:22-9. [PMID: 25747497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of new mononuclear cationic or neutral gold(I) complexes containing quinoline functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene(s) (NHC(s)) were synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The X-ray structures of two key compounds are presented. Proligands and their corresponding gold(I) complexes together with previously described silver(I) and gold(I) bis(NHC-quinoline) and gold(I) bis(NHC-methylbipyridine) complexes were evaluated in vitro towards Leishmania infantum. In parallel, the in vitro cytotoxicity of these molecules was assessed on the murine macrophages J774A.1. All gold(I) compounds show potent antileishmanial activity against L. infantum promastigotes and three of them are also efficient against L. infantum intracellular amastigotes. Structure-activity and toxicity relationships enables to evidence a lead-compound (6) displaying both a high activity and a good selectivity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Paloque
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 152 Pharma-DEV, Université Toulouse 3, Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, 35 Chemin des maraîchers, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD, UMR 152 Pharma-DEV, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Hemmert
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Alexis Valentin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 152 Pharma-DEV, Université Toulouse 3, Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, 35 Chemin des maraîchers, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD, UMR 152 Pharma-DEV, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Heinz Gornitzka
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Glišić BĐ, Djuran MI. Gold complexes as antimicrobial agents: an overview of different biological activities in relation to the oxidation state of the gold ion and the ligand structure. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5950-69. [PMID: 24598838 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interest in antimicrobial gold complexes originated from the work of Robert Koch at the end of 19th century, who demonstrated that potassium dicyanidoaurate(I), K[Au(CN)2], showed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a causative agent of tuberculosis. Subsequently, a large number of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes have been evaluated as possible antimicrobial agents against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi and parasites. The first part of the present review article summarizes the results achieved in the field of antibacterial and antifungal activity of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes. The represented gold(I) complexes have been divided into three distinct classes based on the type of coordinated ligand: (i) complexes with phosphine-type ligands, (ii) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and (iii) various other gold(I) complexes, while the results related to the antibacterial and antifungal gold(III) complexes have been mainly focused on the organometallic-type of complexes. The second section of this article represents findings obtained from the evaluation of antimalarial activity of gold complexes against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum parasite. Antimalarial gold(I) and gold(III) complexes have been divided into the following classes, based on the nature of the coordinated ligand: (i) complexes with chloroquine and its derivatives, (ii) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, (iii) complexes containing functionalised alkynes and (iv) thiosemicarbazonato ligands, as well as (v) other gold(I) and gold(III) complexes. In the last section of the review, gold(I) and gold(III) complexes have been reported to be potential agents against parasites that cause amoebiasis, leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. A systematic summary of these results could contribute to the future design of new gold(I) and gold(III) complexes as potential antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Đ Glišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Machado I, Marino LB, Demoro B, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, Leite CQ, Pavan FR, Gambino D. Bioactivity of pyridine-2-thiolato-1-oxide metal complexes: Bi(III), Fe(III) and Ga(III) complexes as potent anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis prospective agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Structural insights into the enzymes of the trypanothione pathway: targets for antileishmaniasis drugs. Future Med Chem 2014; 5:1861-75. [PMID: 24144416 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that kills 60,000 people worldwide, and which is caused by the protozoa Leishmania. The enzymes of the trypanothione pathway: trypanothione synthetase-amidase, trypanothione reductase (TR) and tryparedoxin-dependent peroxidase are absent in human hosts, and are essential for parasite survival and druggable. The most promising target is trypanothione synthetase-amidase, which has been also chemically validated. However, the structural data presented in this review show that TR also should be considered as a good target. Indeed, it is strongly inhibited by silver- and gold-containing compounds, which are active against Leishmania parasites and can be used for the development of novel antileishmanial agents. Moreover, TR trypanothione-binding site is not featureless but contains a sub-pocket where inhibitors bind, potentially useful for the design of new lead compounds.
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Maiore L, Aragoni MC, Deiana C, Cinellu MA, Isaia F, Lippolis V, Pintus A, Serratrice M, Arca M. Structure–Activity Relationships in Cytotoxic AuI/AuIII Complexes Derived from 2-(2′-Pyridyl)benzimidazole. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4068-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maiore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Maria Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Carlo Deiana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Maria Agostina Cinellu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Isaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Maria Serratrice
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
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Mota VZ, de Carvalho GSG, da Silva AD, Costa LAS, de Almeida Machado P, Coimbra ES, Ferreira CV, Shishido SM, Cuin A. Gold complexes with benzimidazole derivatives: synthesis, characterization and biological studies. Biometals 2014; 27:183-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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de Almeida A, Oliveira BL, Correia JD, Soveral G, Casini A. Emerging protein targets for metal-based pharmaceutical agents: An update. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Demoro B, Caruso F, Rossi M, Benítez D, González M, Cerecetto H, Galizzi M, Malayil L, Docampo R, Faccio R, Mombrú AW, Gambino D, Otero L. Bisphosphonate metal complexes as selective inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6468-76. [PMID: 22344249 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12179d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the search for a pharmacological answer to treat Chagas disease, eight metal complexes with two bioactive bisphosphonates, alendronate (Ale) and pamidronate (Pam), were described. Complexes of the formula [M(2)(II)(Ale)(4)(H(2)O)(2)]·2H(2)O, with M = Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, and ([CuPam]·H(2)O)(n) as well as [M(II)(Pam)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·3H(2)O, with M = Co, Mn and Ni, were synthesized and fully characterized. Crystal structure of [Cu(2)(II)(Ale)(4)(H(2)O)(2)]·2H(2)O, [Co(II)(Pam)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] and [Ni(II)(Pam)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] were solved by X-ray single crystal diffraction methods and the structures of [M(2)(II)(Ale)(4)(H(2)O)(2)]·2H(2)O complexes M = Co, Mn and Ni were studied by X-ray powder diffraction methods. All obtained complexes were active against the amastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), etiological agent of Chagas disease. Most of them were more active than the corresponding free ligands showing no toxicity for mammalian cells. The main mechanism of the antiparasitic action of bisphosphonates, inhibition of parasitic farnesyl diphosphate synthase (TcFPPS), remains in the obtained metal complexes and an increase in the inhibiting enzyme levels was observed upon coordination. Observed enzymatic inhibition was selective for TcFPPS as the metal complexes showed no or little inhibition of human FPPS. Additionally, metal complexation might improve the bioavailability of the complexes through the hindrance of the phosphonate group's ionization at physiological pH and, eventually, through the ability of plasma proteins to work as complex transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Demoro
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Demoro B, Sarniguet C, Sánchez-Delgado R, Rossi M, Liebowitz D, Caruso F, Olea-Azar C, Moreno V, Medeiros A, Comini MA, Otero L, Gambino D. New organoruthenium complexes with bioactive thiosemicarbazones as co-ligands: potential anti-trypanosomal agents. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:1534-43. [PMID: 22138896 PMCID: PMC3299570 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new therapeutic tools against neglected diseases produced by trypanosomatid parasites, and particularly against African Trypanosomiasis, whose etiological agent is Trypanosoma brucei, organoruthenium compounds with bioactive nitrofuran containing thiosemicarbazones (L) as co-ligands were obtained. Four ruthenium(II) complexes with the formula [Ru(2)(p-cymene)(2)(L)(2)]X(2), where X = Cl or PF(6), were synthesized and the crystal structures of two of them were solved by X-ray diffraction methods. Two of the complexes show significant in vitro growth inhibition activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and are highly selective towards trypanosomal cells with respect to mammalian cells (J774 murine macrophages). These promising results make the title organoruthenium compounds good lead candidates for further developments towards potential antitrypanosomal organometallic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Demoro
- Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Repúublica (UdelaR), Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cynthia Sarniguet
- Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Repúublica (UdelaR), Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Delgado
- Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, USA
| | - Miriam Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, 12604-0484, USA
| | - Daniel Liebowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, 12604-0484, USA
| | - Francesco Caruso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Università di Roma La Sapienza, Vecchio Istituto Chimico, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Olea-Azar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla, 233, Santiago, Chile
| | - Virtudes Moreno
- Departamento de Química Inorganica, Universitat Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A. Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Otero
- Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Repúublica (UdelaR), Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Repúublica (UdelaR), Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Vieites M, Smircich P, Pagano M, Otero L, Fischer FL, Terenzi H, Prieto MJ, Moreno V, Garat B, Gambino D. DNA as molecular target of analogous palladium and platinum anti-Trypanosoma cruzi compounds: A comparative study. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1704-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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A gold-containing drug against parasitic polyamine metabolism: the X-ray structure of trypanothione reductase from Leishmania infantum in complex with auranofin reveals a dual mechanism of enzyme inhibition. Amino Acids 2011; 42:803-11. [PMID: 21833767 PMCID: PMC3266496 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Auranofin is a gold(I)-containing drug in clinical use as an antiarthritic agent. Recent studies showed that auranofin manifests interesting antiparasitic actions very likely arising from inhibition of parasitic enzymes involved in the control of the redox metabolism. Trypanothione reductase is a key enzyme of Leishmania infantum polyamine-dependent redox metabolism, and a validated target for antileishmanial drugs. As trypanothione reductase contains a dithiol motif at its active site and gold(I) compounds are known to be highly thiophilic, we explored whether auranofin might behave as an effective enzyme inhibitor and as a potential antileishmanial agent. Notably, enzymatic assays revealed that auranofin causes indeed a pronounced enzyme inhibition. To gain a deeper insight into the molecular basis of enzyme inhibition, crystals of the auranofin-bound enzyme, in the presence of NADPH, were prepared, and the X-ray crystal structure of the auranofin–trypanothione reductase–NADPH complex was solved at 3.5 Å resolution. In spite of the rather low resolution, these data were of sufficient quality as to identify the presence of the gold center and of the thiosugar of auranofin, and to locate them within the overall protein structure. Gold binds to the two active site cysteine residues of TR, i.e. Cys52 and Cys57, while the thiosugar moiety of auranofin binds to the trypanothione binding site; thus auranofin appears to inhibit TR through a dual mechanism. Auranofin kills the promastigote stage of L. infantum at micromolar concentration; these findings will contribute to the design of new drugs against leishmaniasis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The need for better drugs to treat patients with Chagas disease remains urgent. This review summarizes the advancements in drug development over the past 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS Drug development efforts are almost exclusively occurring as preclinical research, although phase II studies for the antifungal drug, posaconazole, and a prodrug of ravuconazole are being planned. Several recent laboratory investigations demonstrate anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of novel small molecules in animal models. These include nonpeptidic cruzain inhibitors, novel inhibitors of the sterol 14α-demethylase enzyme, new compounds (arylimidamides) related to pentamidine, derivatives of nifurtimox, compounds using ruthenium complexes, and several natural products. The recent implementation of a high-throughput screen of more than 300 000 compounds against intracellular T. cruzi amastigotes done at the Broad Institute is an important development, yielding approximately 300 selective inhibitors, many of which may serve as leads for medicinal chemistry efforts. SUMMARY Progress is slow, but recent advancements in both drug development and advocacy for research on neglected diseases are encouraging. Efforts to define a target product profile and to harmonize methodologies for testing drugs for Chagas disease are described herein.
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Kowalik-Jankowska T, Pietruszka M, Jezierska J, Matczak-Jon E, Kafarski P. Copper(II) complexation by (pyridinyl)aminomethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid derivatives; spectroscopic and potentiometric studies. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lázaro Martínez JM, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Sánchez RMT, Denaday LR, Buldain GY, Campo Dall’ Orto V. XPS studies on the Cu(I,II)–polyampholyte heterogeneous catalyst: An insight into its structure and mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Baiocco P, Ilari A, Ceci P, Orsini S, Gramiccia M, Di Muccio T, Colotti G. Inhibitory Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Trypanothione Reductase Activity and Leishmania infantum Proliferation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:230-3. [PMID: 24900299 DOI: 10.1021/ml1002629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Leishmania the glutathione/glutathione reductase eukaryotic redox sys-tem is replaced by the unique trypanothione/trypanothione reductase (TR) system. In vitro, silver is a more effective TR inhibitor than antimony, the first line drug against leishmaniasis in most endemic countries, and its mechanism of inhibition is similar to that of Sb(III). In particular, silver binds with high affinity to the catalytic triad Cys52, Cys57, and His461', thereby inhibiting TR. Here, Ag(0) activity was tested on the promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania infantum using a drug-delivery system consisting in Ag(0) nanoparticles encapsulated by ferritin molecules (PfFt-AgNPs). These were able to induce an antiproliferative effect on the parasites at metal concentrations lower than those used with antimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Baiocco
- Institute of Molecular Biology
and Pathology CNR, and Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185
Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology
and Pathology CNR, and Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185
Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Ceci
- Institute of Molecular Biology
and Pathology CNR, and Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185
Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Orsini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive,
Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Gramiccia
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive,
Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Trentina Di Muccio
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive,
Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology
and Pathology CNR, and Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185
Rome, Italy
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Demoro B, Caruso F, Rossi M, Benítez D, Gonzalez M, Cerecetto H, Parajón-Costa B, Castiglioni J, Galizzi M, Docampo R, Otero L, Gambino D. Risedronate metal complexes potentially active against Chagas disease. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:1252-8. [PMID: 20817265 PMCID: PMC2949467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new metal-based drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease, the most widespread Latin American parasitic disease, novel complexes of the bioactive ligand risedronate (Ris, (1-hydroxy-1-phosphono-2-pyridin-3-yl-ethyl)phosphonate), [M(II)(Ris)(2)]·4H(2)O, where M═Cu, Co, Mn and Ni, and [Ni(II)(Ris)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O were synthesized and characterized by using analytical measurements, thermogravimetric analyses, cyclic voltammetry and infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Crystal structures of [Cu(II)(Ris)(2)]·4H(2)O and [Ni(II)(Ris)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The complexes, as well as the free ligand, were evaluated in vitro against epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas disease. Results demonstrated that the coordination of risedronate to different metal ions improved the antiproliferative effect against T. cruzi, exhibiting growth inhibition values against the intracellular amastigotes ranging the low micromolar levels. In addition, this strong activity could be related to high inhibition of farnesyl diphosphate synthase enzyme. On the other hand, protein interaction studies showed that all the complexes strongly interact with albumin thus providing a suitable means of transporting them to tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Demoro
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, C. C. 1157, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francesco Caruso
- Istituto Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Ple. Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604-0484, USA
| | - Diego Benítez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Parajón-Costa
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR/CONICET-UNLP), C.C. 962, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jorge Castiglioni
- LAFIDESU, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, C. C. 1157, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Melina Galizzi
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Roberto Docampo
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Lucía Otero
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, C. C. 1157, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, C. C. 1157, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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