1
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Yuan B, Liu Y, Lv M, Sui Y, Hou S, Yang T, Belhadj Z, Zhou Y, Chang N, Ren Y, Sun C. Virus-like particle-based nanocarriers as an emerging platform for drug delivery. J Drug Target 2023; 31:433-455. [PMID: 36940208 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2193358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
New nanocarrier technologies are emerging, and they have great potential for improving drug delivery, targeting efficiency, and bioavailability. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are natural nanoparticles from animal and plant viruses and bacteriophages. Hence, VLPs present several great advantages, such as morphological uniformity, biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and easy functionalisation. VLPs can deliver many active ingredients to the target tissue and have great potential as a nanocarrier to overcome the limitations associated with other nanoparticles. This review will focus primarily on the construction and applications of VLPs, particularly as a novel nanocarrier to deliver active ingredients. Herein, the main methods for the construction, purification, and characterisation of VLPs, as well as various VLP-based materials used in delivery systems are summarised. The biological distribution of VLPs in drug delivery, phagocyte-mediated clearance, and toxicity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meilin Lv
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yilei Sui
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shenghua Hou
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Tinghui Yang
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zakia Belhadj
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Naidan Chang
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, tianjin, 300000, China
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2
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Kaster M, Levasseur MD, Edwardson TGW, Caldwell MA, Hofmann D, Licciardi G, Parigi G, Luchinat C, Hilvert D, Meade TJ. Engineered Nonviral Protein Cages Modified for MR Imaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:591-602. [PMID: 36626688 PMCID: PMC9945100 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic medical imaging utilizes magnetic resonance (MR) to provide anatomical, functional, and molecular information in a single scan. Nanoparticles are often labeled with Gd(III) complexes to amplify the MR signal of contrast agents (CAs) with large payloads and high proton relaxation efficiencies (relaxivity, r1). This study examined the MR performance of two structurally unique cages, AaLS-13 and OP, labeled with Gd(III). The cages have characteristics relevant for the development of theranostic platforms, including (i) well-defined structure, symmetry, and size; (ii) the amenability to extensive engineering; (iii) the adjustable loading of therapeutically relevant cargo molecules; (iv) high physical stability; and (v) facile manufacturing by microbial fermentation. The resulting conjugates showed significantly enhanced proton relaxivity (r1 = 11-18 mM-1 s-1 at 1.4 T) compared to the Gd(III) complex alone (r1 = 4 mM-1 s-1). Serum phantom images revealed 107% and 57% contrast enhancements for Gd(III)-labeled AaLS-13 and OP cages, respectively. Moreover, proton nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (1H NMRD) profiles showed maximum relaxivity values of 50 mM-1 s-1. Best-fit analyses of the 1H NMRD profiles attributed the high relaxivity of the Gd(III)-labeled cages to the slow molecular tumbling of the conjugates and restricted local motion of the conjugated Gd(III) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan
A. Kaster
- Departments
of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Mikail D. Levasseur
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Thomas G. W. Edwardson
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Caldwell
- Departments
of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Daniela Hofmann
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Licciardi
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino50019, Italy
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich8093, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Departments
of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology and Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 N. Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
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3
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Sun X, Cui Z. Microbiological Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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4
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Edwardson TGW, Levasseur MD, Tetter S, Steinauer A, Hori M, Hilvert D. Protein Cages: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9145-9197. [PMID: 35394752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that self-assemble into polyhedral shell-like structures are useful molecular containers both in nature and in the laboratory. Here we review efforts to repurpose diverse protein cages, including viral capsids, ferritins, bacterial microcompartments, and designed capsules, as vaccines, drug delivery vehicles, targeted imaging agents, nanoreactors, templates for controlled materials synthesis, building blocks for higher-order architectures, and more. A deep understanding of the principles underlying the construction, function, and evolution of natural systems has been key to tailoring selective cargo encapsulation and interactions with both biological systems and synthetic materials through protein engineering and directed evolution. The ability to adapt and design increasingly sophisticated capsid structures and functions stands to benefit the fields of catalysis, materials science, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephan Tetter
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Steinauer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mao Hori
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Microbiological Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_16-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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6
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Liu Q, Shaukat A, Kyllönen D, Kostiainen MA. Polyelectrolyte Encapsulation and Confinement within Protein Cage-Inspired Nanocompartments. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1551. [PMID: 34683843 PMCID: PMC8537137 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein cages are nanocompartments with a well-defined structure and monodisperse size. They are composed of several individual subunits and can be categorized as viral and non-viral protein cages. Native viral cages often exhibit a cationic interior, which binds the anionic nucleic acid genome through electrostatic interactions leading to efficient encapsulation. Non-viral cages can carry various cargo, ranging from small molecules to inorganic nanoparticles. Both cage types can be functionalized at targeted locations through genetic engineering or chemical modification to entrap materials through interactions that are inaccessible to wild-type cages. Moreover, the limited number of constitutional subunits ease the modification efforts, because a single modification on the subunit can lead to multiple functional sites on the cage surface. Increasing efforts have also been dedicated to the assembly of protein cage-mimicking structures or templated protein coatings. This review focuses on native and modified protein cages that have been used to encapsulate and package polyelectrolyte cargos and on the electrostatic interactions that are the driving force for the assembly of such structures. Selective encapsulation can protect the payload from the surroundings, shield the potential toxicity or even enhance the intended performance of the payload, which is appealing in drug or gene delivery and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland; (Q.L.); (A.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Ahmed Shaukat
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland; (Q.L.); (A.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Daniella Kyllönen
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland; (Q.L.); (A.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland; (Q.L.); (A.S.); (D.K.)
- HYBER Center, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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7
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Sarbadhikary P, George BP, Abrahamse H. Recent Advances in Photosensitizers as Multifunctional Theranostic Agents for Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:9054-9088. [PMID: 34522227 PMCID: PMC8419035 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years tremendous effort has been invested in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment with an overall goal of improving cancer management, therapeutic outcome, patient survival, and quality of life. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), which works on the principle of light-induced activation of photosensitizers (PS) leading to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) mediated cancer cell killing has received increased attention as a promising alternative to overcome several limitations of conventional cancer therapies. Compared to conventional therapies, PDT offers the advantages of selectivity, minimal invasiveness, localized treatment, and spatio-temporal control which minimizes the overall therapeutic side effects and can be repeated as needed without interfering with other treatments and inducing treatment resistance. Overall PDT efficacy requires proper planning of various parameters like localization and concentration of PS at the tumor site, light dose, oxygen concentration and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, which can be achieved with advanced imaging techniques. Consequently, there has been tremendous interest in the rationale design of PS formulations to exploit their theranostic potential to unleash the imperative contribution of medical imaging in the context of successful PDT outcomes. Further, recent advances in PS formulations as activatable phototheranostic agents have shown promising potential for finely controlled imaging-guided PDT due to their propensity to specifically turning on diagnostic signals simultaneously with photodynamic effects in response to the tumor-specific stimuli. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress in the development of PS-based multifunctional theranostic agents for biomedical applications in multimodal imaging combined with PDT. We also present the role of different imaging modalities; magnetic resonance, optical, nuclear, acoustic, and photoacoustic in improving the pre-and post-PDT effects. We anticipate that the information presented in this review will encourage future development and design of PSs for improved image-guided PDT for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blassan P. George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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8
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Le DT, Müller KM. In Vitro Assembly of Virus-Like Particles and Their Applications. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:334. [PMID: 33920215 PMCID: PMC8069851 DOI: 10.3390/life11040334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are increasingly used for vaccine development and drug delivery. Assembly of VLPs from purified monomers in a chemically defined reaction is advantageous compared to in vivo assembly, because it avoids encapsidation of host-derived components and enables loading with added cargoes. This review provides an overview of ex cella VLP production methods focusing on capsid protein production, factors that impact the in vitro assembly, and approaches to characterize in vitro VLPs. The uses of in vitro produced VLPs as vaccines and for therapeutic delivery are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristian M. Müller
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
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9
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Edwardson TGW, Tetter S, Hilvert D. Two-tier supramolecular encapsulation of small molecules in a protein cage. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5410. [PMID: 33106476 PMCID: PMC7588467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding protein design to include other molecular building blocks has the potential to increase structural complexity and practical utility. Nature often employs hybrid systems, such as clathrin-coated vesicles, lipid droplets, and lipoproteins, which combine biopolymers and lipids to transport a broader range of cargo molecules. To recapitulate the structure and function of such composite compartments, we devised a supramolecular strategy that enables porous protein cages to encapsulate poorly water-soluble small molecule cargo through templated formation of a hydrophobic surfactant-based core. These lipoprotein-like complexes protect their cargo from sequestration by serum proteins and enhance the cellular uptake of fluorescent probes and cytotoxic drugs. This design concept could be applied to other protein cages, surfactant mixtures, and cargo molecules to generate unique hybrid architectures and functional capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Tetter
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Demchuk AM, Patel TR. The biomedical and bioengineering potential of protein nanocompartments. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107547. [PMID: 32294494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein nanocompartments (PNCs) are self-assembling biological nanocages that can be harnessed as platforms for a wide range of nanobiotechnology applications. The most widely studied examples of PNCs include virus-like particles, bacterial microcompartments, encapsulin nanocompartments, enzyme-derived nanocages (such as lumazine synthase and the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), ferritins and ferritin homologues, small heat shock proteins, and vault ribonucleoproteins. Structural PNC shell proteins are stable, biocompatible, and tolerant of both interior and exterior chemical or genetic functionalization for use as vaccines, therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical imaging aids, bioreactors, biological control agents, emulsion stabilizers, or scaffolds for biomimetic materials synthesis. This review provides an overview of the recent biomedical and bioengineering advances achieved with PNCs with a particular focus on recombinant PNC derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M Demchuk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Center for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China
- College of Life ScienceJiang Han University Wuhan 430056 China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China
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12
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de Ruiter M, van der Hee R, Driessen A, Keurhorst E, Hamid M, Cornelissen J. Polymorphic assembly of virus-capsid proteins around DNA and the cellular uptake of the resulting particles. J Control Release 2019; 307:342-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Yu Y, Xu Q, He S, Xiong H, Zhang Q, Xu W, Ricotta V, Bai L, Zhang Q, Yu Z, Ding J, Xiao H, Zhou D. Recent advances in delivery of photosensitive metal-based drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Application of Plant Viruses as a Biotemplate for Nanomaterial Fabrication. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092311. [PMID: 30208562 PMCID: PMC6225259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are widely used to fabricate nanomaterials in the field of nanotechnology. Plant viruses are of great interest to the nanotechnology field because of their symmetry, polyvalency, homogeneous size distribution, and ability to self-assemble. This homogeneity can be used to obtain the high uniformity of the templated material and its related properties. In this paper, the variety of nanomaterials generated in rod-like and spherical plant viruses is highlighted for the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), brome mosaic virus (BMV), and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Their recent studies on developing nanomaterials in a wide range of applications from biomedicine and catalysts to biosensors are reviewed.
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15
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Diaz D, Care A, Sunna A. Bioengineering Strategies for Protein-Based Nanoparticles. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E370. [PMID: 30041491 PMCID: PMC6071185 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the practical application of protein-based nanoparticles (PNPs) has expanded rapidly into areas like drug delivery, vaccine development, and biocatalysis. PNPs possess unique features that make them attractive as potential platforms for a variety of nanobiotechnological applications. They self-assemble from multiple protein subunits into hollow monodisperse structures; they are highly stable, biocompatible, and biodegradable; and their external components and encapsulation properties can be readily manipulated by chemical or genetic strategies. Moreover, their complex and perfect symmetry have motivated researchers to mimic their properties in order to create de novo protein assemblies. This review focuses on recent advances in the bioengineering and bioconjugation of PNPs and the implementation of synthetic biology concepts to exploit and enhance PNP's intrinsic properties and to impart them with novel functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Diaz
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Andrew Care
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Anwar Sunna
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
- Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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16
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Ranganath SH. Bioengineered cellular and cell membrane-derived vehicles for actively targeted drug delivery: So near and yet so far. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:57-80. [PMID: 29935987 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular carriers for drug delivery are attractive alternatives to synthetic nanoparticles owing to their innate homing/targeting abilities. Here, we review molecular interactions involved in the homing of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and other cell types to understand the process of designing and engineering highly efficient, actively targeting cellular vehicles. In addition, we comprehensively discuss various genetic and non-genetic strategies and propose futuristic approaches of engineering MSC homing using micro/nanotechnology and high throughput small molecule screening. Most of the targeting abilities of a cell come from its plasma membrane, thus, efforts to harness cell membranes as drug delivery vehicles are gaining importance and are highlighted here. We also recognize and report the lack of detailed characterization of cell membranes in terms of safety, structural integrity, targeting functionality, and drug transport. Finally, we provide insights on future development of bioengineered cellular and cell membrane-derived vesicles for successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir H Ranganath
- Bio-INvENT Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, B.H. Road, Tumakuru, 572103, Karnataka, India.
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17
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Sinn S, Yang L, Biedermann F, Wang D, Kübel C, Cornelissen JJLM, De Cola L. Templated Formation of Luminescent Virus-like Particles by Tailor-Made Pt(II) Amphiphiles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2355-2362. [PMID: 29357236 PMCID: PMC5817621 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Virus-like particles
(VLPs) have been created from luminescent
Pt(II) complex amphiphiles, able to form supramolecular structures
in water solutions, that can be encapsulated or act as templates of
cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid proteins. By virtue of a bottom-up
molecular design, icosahedral and nonicosahedral (rod-like) VLPs have
been constructed through diverse pathways, and a relationship between
the molecular structure of the complexes and the shape and size of
the VLPs has been observed. A deep insight into the mechanism for
the templated formation of the differently shaped VLPs was achieved,
by electron microscopy measurements (TEM and STEM) and bulk analysis
(FPLC, DLS, photophysical investigations). Interestingly, the obtained
VLPs can be visualized by their intense emission at room temperature,
generated by the self-assembly of the Pt(II) complexes. The encapsulation
of the luminescent species is further verified by their higher emission
quantum yields inside the VLPs, which is due to the confinement effect
of the protein cage. These hybrid materials demonstrate the potential
of tailor-made supramolecular systems able to control the assembly
of biological building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sinn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg & CNRS , 8 Rue Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Liulin Yang
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente , P.O. Box 207, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jeroen J L M Cornelissen
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente , P.O. Box 207, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg & CNRS , 8 Rue Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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18
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Almeida-Marrero V, van de Winckel E, Anaya-Plaza E, Torres T, de la Escosura A. Porphyrinoid biohybrid materials as an emerging toolbox for biomedical light management. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7369-7400. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present article reviews the most important developing strategies in light-induced nanomedicine, based on the combination of porphyrinoid photosensitizers with a wide variety of biomolecules and biomolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Anaya-Plaza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem)
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem)
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Narayanan KB, Han SS. Icosahedral plant viral nanoparticles - bioinspired synthesis of nanomaterials/nanostructures. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 248:1-19. [PMID: 28916111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanotechnology utilizes virus nanoparticles (VNPs) and virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) of plant viruses as highly versatile platforms for materials synthesis and molecular entrapment that can be used in the nanotechnological fields, such as in next-generation nanoelectronics, nanocatalysis, biosensing and optics, and biomedical applications, such as for targeting, therapeutic delivery, and non-invasive in vivo imaging with high specificity and selectivity. In particular, plant virus capsids provide biotemplates for the production of novel nanostructured materials with organic/inorganic moieties incorporated in a very precise and controlled manner. Interestingly, capsid proteins of spherical plant viruses can self-assemble into well-organized icosahedral three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale multivalent architectures with high monodispersity and structural symmetry. Using viral genetic and protein engineering of icosahedral viruses with a variety of sizes, the interior, exterior and the interfaces between coat protein (CP) subunits can be manipulated to fabricate materials with a wide range of desirable properties allowing for biomineralization, encapsulation, infusion, controlled self-assembly, and multivalent ligand display of nanoparticles or molecules for varied applications. In this review, we discuss the various functional nanomaterials/nanostructures developed using the VNPs and VLPs of different icosahedral plant viruses and their nano(bio)technological and nanomedical applications.
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20
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Voet ARD, Tame JRH. Protein-templated synthesis of metal-based nanomaterials. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 46:14-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Schoonen L, Maas RJ, Nolte RJ, van Hest JC. Expansion of the assembly of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus towards non-native and physiological conditions. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Metal coordinated pyrrole-based macrocycles as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging technologies: Synthesis and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Rohovie MJ, Nagasawa M, Swartz JR. Virus-like particles: Next-generation nanoparticles for targeted therapeutic delivery. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:43-57. [PMID: 29313023 PMCID: PMC5689521 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most drug therapies distribute the agents throughout the entire body, even though the drugs are typically only needed at specific tissues. This often limits dosage and causes discomfort and harmful side‐effects. Significant research has examined nanoparticles (NPs) for use as targeted delivery vehicles for therapeutic cargo, however, major clinical success has been limited. Current work focuses mainly on liposomal and polymer‐based NPs, but emerging research is exploring the engineering of viral capsids as noninfectious protein‐based NPs—termed virus‐like particles (VLPs). This review covers the research that has been performed thus far and outlines the potential for these VLPs to become highly effective delivery vehicles that overcome the many challenges encountered for targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Rohovie
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305
| | - Maya Nagasawa
- Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305
| | - James R Swartz
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305.,Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305
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24
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Bottari G, de la Escosura A, González-Rodríguez D, de la Torre G. Tomás Torres’ research in a nutshell. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616300123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review, dedicated to Professor Tomás Torres on the occasion of his 65th birthday, offers an overview of the main achievements in his research career. Having a strong background in organic chemistry, he and his group have constantly devoted much effort to the development of synthetic methods towards novel systems based on phthalocyanines and other porphyrinoid analogues. Not less important, the founding of solid collaborations with other prominent scientists has led to study the physicochemical properties of these [Formula: see text]-conjugated dyes, and to evaluate their potential application in multidisciplinary areas such as self-assembly, nanochemistry, optoelectronics and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David González-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Hernandez-Garcia A, Velders AH, Stuart MAC, de Vries R, van Lent JWM, Wang J. Supramolecular Virus-Like Nanorods by Coassembly of a Triblock Polypeptide and Reversible Coordination Polymers. Chemistry 2016; 23:239-243. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Hernandez-Garcia
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Wageningen 6703HB The Netherlands
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology; Northwestern University; Chicago Illinois 60611-2875 USA
| | - Aldrik H. Velders
- Laboratory of Bionanotechnology; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Wageningen 6703HB The Netherlands
| | - Martien A. Cohen Stuart
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Wageningen 6703HB The Netherlands
| | - Renko de Vries
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Wageningen 6703HB The Netherlands
| | - Jan W. M. van Lent
- Wageningen Electron Microscopy Centre; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Junyou Wang
- Laboratory of Bionanotechnology; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Wageningen 6703HB The Netherlands
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26
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Schoonen L, Nolte RJM, van Hest JCM. Highly efficient enzyme encapsulation in a protein nanocage: towards enzyme catalysis in a cellular nanocompartment mimic. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14467-14472. [PMID: 27407020 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04181g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of enzyme behavior in small nanocompartments is crucial for the understanding of biocatalytic processes in the cellular environment. We have developed an enzymatic conjugation strategy to attach a model enzyme to the interior of a cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid. It is shown that with this methodology high encapsulation efficiencies can be achieved. Additionally, we demonstrate that the encapsulation does not affect the enzyme performance in terms of a decreased activity or a hampered substrate diffusion. Finally, it is shown that the encapsulated enzymes are protected against proteases. We believe that our strategy can be used to study enzyme kinetics in an environment that approaches physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Schoonen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Wen AM, Steinmetz NF. Design of virus-based nanomaterials for medicine, biotechnology, and energy. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4074-126. [PMID: 27152673 PMCID: PMC5068136 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent developments in "chemical virology." Viruses, as materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and nanotechnology, with diverse areas of applications. Some fundamental advantages of viruses, compared to synthetically programmed materials, include the highly precise spatial arrangement of their subunits into a diverse array of shapes and sizes and many available avenues for easy and reproducible modification. Here, we will first survey the broad distribution of viruses and various methods for producing virus-based nanoparticles, as well as engineering principles used to impart new functionalities. We will then examine the broad range of applications and implications of virus-based materials, focusing on the medical, biotechnology, and energy sectors. We anticipate that this field will continue to evolve and grow, with exciting new possibilities stemming from advancements in the rational design of virus-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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28
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Pitek AS, Wen AM, Shukla S, Steinmetz NF. The Protein Corona of Plant Virus Nanoparticles Influences their Dispersion Properties, Cellular Interactions, and In Vivo Fates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1758-69. [PMID: 26853911 PMCID: PMC5147027 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules in bodily fluids such as plasma can adsorb to the surface of nanoparticles and influence their biological properties. This phenomenon, known as the protein corona, is well established in the field of synthetic nanotechnology but has not been described in the context of plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs). The interaction between VNPs derived from Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and plasma proteins is investigated, and it is found that the VNP protein corona is significantly less abundant compared to the corona of synthetic particles. The formed corona is dominated by complement proteins and immunoglobulins, the binding of which can be reduced by PEGylating the VNP surface. The impact of the VNP protein corona on molecular recognition and cell targeting in the context of cancer and thrombosis is investigated. A library of functionalized TMV rods with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and peptide ligands targeting integrins or fibrin(ogen) show different dispersion properties, cellular interactions, and in vivo fates depending on the properties of the protein corona, influencing target specificity, and non-specific scavenging by macrophages. Our results provide insight into the in vivo properties of VNPs and suggest that the protein corona effect should be considered during the development of efficacious, targeted VNP formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S. Pitek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Amy M. Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Abstract
Nanoscale engineering is revolutionizing the way we prevent, detect, and treat diseases. Viruses have played a special role in these developments because they can function as prefabricated nanoscaffolds that have unique properties and are easily modified. The interiors of virus particles can encapsulate and protect sensitive compounds, while the exteriors can be altered to display large and small molecules in precisely defined arrays. These properties of viruses, along with their innate biocompatibility, have led to their development as actively targeted drug delivery systems that expand on and improve current pharmaceutical options. Viruses are naturally immunogenic, and antigens displayed on their surface have been used to create vaccines against pathogens and to break self-tolerance to initiate an immune response to dysfunctional proteins. Densely and specifically aligned imaging agents on viruses have allowed for high-resolution and noninvasive visualization tools to detect and treat diseases earlier than previously possible. These and future applications of viruses have created an exciting new field within the disciplines of both nanotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marianne Manchester
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Departments of 2Biomedical Engineering
- Radiology
- Materials Science and Engineering, and
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106;
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30
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Voet ARD, Noguchi H, Addy C, Zhang KYJ, Tame JRH. Biomineralization of a Cadmium Chloride Nanocrystal by a Designed Symmetrical Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Voet ARD, Noguchi H, Addy C, Zhang KYJ, Tame JRH. Biomineralization of a Cadmium Chloride Nanocrystal by a Designed Symmetrical Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9857-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnout R. D. Voet
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1‐7‐22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230‐0045 (Japan)
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Drug Design Laboratory, Yokohama City University, 1‐7‐29, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230‐0045 (Japan)
| | - Christine Addy
- Drug Design Laboratory, Yokohama City University, 1‐7‐29, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230‐0045 (Japan)
| | - Kam Y. J. Zhang
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1‐7‐22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230‐0045 (Japan)
| | - Jeremy R. H. Tame
- Drug Design Laboratory, Yokohama City University, 1‐7‐29, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230‐0045 (Japan)
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