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Song Q, Zhu Y, Liu X, Liu H, Zhao X, Xue L, Yang S, Wang Y, Liu X. Changes in the gut microbiota of patients with sarcopenia based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1429242. [PMID: 39006102 PMCID: PMC11239431 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1429242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcopenia, an age-related disease, has become a major public health concern, threatening muscle health and daily functioning in older adults around the world. Changes in the gut microbiota can affect skeletal muscle metabolism, but the exact association is unclear. The richness of gut microbiota refers to the number of different species in a sample, while diversity not only considers the number of species but also the evenness of their abundances. Alpha diversity is a comprehensive metric that measures both the number of different species (richness) and the evenness of their abundances, thereby providing a thorough understanding of the species composition and structure of a community. Methods This meta-analysis explored the differences in intestinal microbiota diversity and richness between populations with sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia based on 16 s rRNA gene sequencing and identified new targets for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for cross-sectional studies on the differences in gut microbiota between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia published from 1995 to September 2023 scale and funnel plot analysis assessed the risk of bias, and performed a meta-analysis with State v.15. 1. Results A total of 17 randomized controlled studies were included, involving 4,307 participants aged 43 to 87 years. The alpha diversity of intestinal flora in the sarcopenia group was significantly reduced compared to the non-sarcopenia group: At the richness level, the proportion of Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria decreased, although there was no significant change in other phyla. At the genus level, the abundance of f-Ruminococcaceae; g-Faecalibacterium, g-Prevotella, Lachnoclostridium, and other genera decreased, whereas the abundance of g-Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Shigella increased. Discussion This study showed that the richness of the gut microbiota decreased with age in patients with sarcopenia. Furthermore, the relative abundance of different microbiota changed related to age, comorbidity, participation in protein metabolism, and other factors. This study provides new ideas for targeting the gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=475887, CRD475887.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China
| | - Youkang Zhu
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Liyun Xue
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoying Yang
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xifang Liu
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Leser T, Baker A. Molecular Mechanisms of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, LGG ® Probiotic Function. Microorganisms 2024; 12:794. [PMID: 38674738 PMCID: PMC11051730 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To advance probiotic research, a comprehensive understanding of bacterial interactions with human physiology at the molecular and cellular levels is fundamental. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG® is a bacterial strain that has long been recognized for its beneficial effects on human health. Probiotic effector molecules derived from LGG®, including secreted proteins, surface-anchored proteins, polysaccharides, and lipoteichoic acids, which interact with host physiological processes have been identified. In vitro and animal studies have revealed that specific LGG® effector molecules stimulate epithelial cell survival, preserve intestinal barrier integrity, reduce oxidative stress, mitigate excessive mucosal inflammation, enhance IgA secretion, and provide long-term protection through epigenetic imprinting. Pili on the cell surface of LGG® promote adhesion to the intestinal mucosa and ensure close contact to host cells. Extracellular vesicles produced by LGG® recapitulate many of these effects through their cargo of effector molecules. Collectively, the effector molecules of LGG® exert a significant influence on both the gut mucosa and immune system, which promotes intestinal homeostasis and immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leser
- Future Labs, Human Health Biosolutions, Novonesis, Kogle Alle 6, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark;
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Zhang Z, Zhang HL, Yang DH, Hao Q, Yang HW, Meng DL, Meindert de Vos W, Guan LL, Liu SB, Teame T, Gao CC, Ran C, Yang YL, Yao YY, Ding QW, Zhou ZG. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG triggers intestinal epithelium injury in zebrafish revealing host dependent beneficial effects. IMETA 2024; 3:e181. [PMID: 38882496 PMCID: PMC11170971 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), the well-characterized human-derived probiotic strain, possesses excellent properties in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, immunoregulation and defense against gastrointestinal pathogens in mammals. Here, we demonstrate that the SpaC pilin of LGG causes intestinal epithelium injury by inducing cell pyroptosis and gut microbial dysbiosis in zebrafish. Dietary SpaC activates Caspase-3-GSDMEa pathways in the intestinal epithelium, promotes intestinal pyroptosis and increases lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing gut microbes in zebrafish. The increased LPS subsequently activates Gaspy2-GSDMEb pyroptosis pathway. Further analysis reveals the Caspase-3-GSDMEa pyroptosis is initiated by the species-specific recognition of SpaC by TLR4ba, which accounts for the species-specificity of the SpaC-inducing intestinal pyroptosis in zebrafish. The observed pyroptosis-driven gut injury and microbial dysbiosis by LGG in zebrafish suggest that host-specific beneficial/harmful mechanisms are critical safety issues when applying probiotics derived from other host species and need more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Hong-Ling Zhang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Da-Hai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Qiang Hao
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hong-Wei Yang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - De-Long Meng
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Willem Meindert de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University and Research Wageningen Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Le-Luo Guan
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Shu-Bin Liu
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Tsegay Teame
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
- Tigray Agricultural Research Institute Mekelle Ethiopia
| | - Chen-Chen Gao
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ya-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qian-Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
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Yoon KN, Lee SJ, Keum GB, Song KY, Park JH, Song BS, Yu SY, Cho JH, Kim ES, Doo H, Kwak J, Kim S, Eun JB, Lee JH, Kim HB, Lee JH, Kim JK. Characteristics of Lactococcus petauri GB97 lysate isolated from porcine feces and its in vitro and in vivo effects on inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota composition in mice. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0133423. [PMID: 38019021 PMCID: PMC10782967 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01334-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Weaning is a crucial step in piglet management to improve pork production. During the weaning phase, disruption of epithelial barrier function and intestinal inflammation can lead to decreased absorption of nutrients and diarrhea. Therefore, maintaining a healthy intestine, epithelial barrier function, and gut microbiota composition in this crucial phase is strategic for optimal weaning in pigs. We isolated a lysate of Lactococcus petauri GB97 (LPL97) from healthy porcine feces and evaluated its anti-inflammatory activities, barrier integrity, and gut microbial changes in LPS-induced murine macrophages and DSS-induced colitis mice. We found that LPL97 regulated the immune response by downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, LPL97 alleviated the disruption of intestinal epithelial integrity and gut microbiota dysbiosis in colitis mice. This study indicates that LPL97 has the potential to be developed as an alternative feed additive to antibiotics for the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Nam Yoon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gi Beom Keum
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jong-Heum Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Yu
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Eun Sol Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyunok Doo
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jinok Kwak
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
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Wang X, Xie W, Cai L, Han C, Kuang H, Shao Y, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Li J, Cui W, Jiang Y, Tang L. Microencapsulated Limosilactobacillus reuteri Encoding Lactoferricin-Lactoferrampin Targeted Intestine against Salmonella typhimurium Infection. Nutrients 2023; 15:5141. [PMID: 38140400 PMCID: PMC10745908 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is an important foodborne pathogen that infects both humans and animals and develops acute gastroenteritis. As porcine intestines are relatively similar to the human ones due to their relatively similar sizes and structural similarity, S. typhimurium causes analogous symptoms in both. Novel strategies for controlling S. typhimurium infection are also desired, such as mucosal-targeted delivery of probiotics and antimicrobial peptides. The bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin-encoding Limosilactobacillus reuteri (LR-LFCA) strain improves intestinal barrier function by strengthening the intestinal barrier. Weaned piglets were selected for oral administration of microencapsulated LR-LFCA (microcapsules entrap LR-LFCA into gastro-resistant polymers) and then infected with S. typhimurium for 3 days. We found that orally administering microencapsulated LR-LFCA to weaned piglets attenuated S. typhimurium-induced production of inflammatory factors in the intestinal mucosa by inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway. Moreover, microencapsulated LR-LFCA administration significantly suppressed the oxidative stress that may correlate with gut microbiota (reduced Salmonella population and increased α-diversity and Lactobacillus abundance) and intestinal function (membrane transport and metabolism). Our work demonstrated that microencapsulated LR-LFCA effectively targeted intestine delivery of Lactobacillus and antimicrobial peptides and modulated gut microbiota and mucosal immunity. This study reveals a novel targeting mucosal strategy against S. typhimurium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Weichun Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Limeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Chuang Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Hongdi Kuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yilan Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Senhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.W.); (W.X.); (L.C.); (C.H.); (H.K.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (W.C.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Bendinelli P, De Noni I, Cattaneo S, Silvetti T, Brasca M, Piazzalunga F, Donetti E, Ferraretto A. Surface layer proteins from Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC® 15009™ affect the gut barrier morphology and function. Tissue Barriers 2023:2289838. [PMID: 38059583 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2289838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraprobiotics and postbiotics represent a valid alternative to probiotic strains for ameliorating and preserving a healthy intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB). The present study investigated the effects of surface layer proteins (S-layer) of the dairy strain Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC® 15009™ (Lb ATCC® 15009™), as paraprobiotic, on the morpho-functional modulation of IEB in comparison to live or heat-inactivated Lb ATCC® 15009™ in an in vitro co-culture of Caco-2/HT-29 70/30 cells. Live or heat-inactivated Lb ATCC® 15009™ negatively affected transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and paracellular permeability, and impaired the distribution of Claudin-1, a tight junction (TJ) transmembrane protein, as detected by immunofluorescence (IF). Conversely, the addition of the S-layer improved TEER and decreased permeability in physiological conditions in co-cultures with basal TEER lower than 50 ohmcm2, indicative of a more permeable physiological IEB known as leaky gut. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and IF analyses suggested that the S-layer induces a structural TJ rearrangement and desmosomes' formation. S-layer also restored TEER and permeability in the presence of LPS, but not of a mixture of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α plus IFN-γ). IF analyses showed an increase in Claudin-1 staining when LPS and S-layer were co-administered with respect to LPS alone; in addition, the S-layer counteracted the reduction of alkaline phosphatase detoxification activity and the enhancement of pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 release both induced by LPS. Altogether, these data corroborate a paraprobiotic role of S-layer from Lb ATCC® 15009™ as a possible candidate for therapeutic and prophylactic uses in conditions related to gastrointestinal health and correlated with extra-intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bendinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano De Noni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cattaneo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Silvetti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Brasca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Donetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anita Ferraretto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
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Aghamohammad S, Sepehr A, Miri ST, Najafi S, Pourshafie MR, Rohani M. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of native potential probiotics as supplementary therapeutic agents in an in-vitro model of inflammation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:335. [PMID: 37735396 PMCID: PMC10515064 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IBD is considered an inflammatory disease with abnormal and exaggerated immune responses. To control the symptoms, different theraputic agents could be used, however, utilizing the agents with the least side effects could be important. Probiotics as beneficial microorganisms are one of the complementory theraputic agents that could be used to modulate inflammatory signaling pathways. In the current study, we aimed to identify the precise molecular effects of potential probiotics on signaling pathways involved in the development of inflammation. METHODS A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was used to analyze the expression of JAK /STAT (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5 and STAT6) and inflammatory genes (NEMO, TIRAP, IRAK, and RIP) after the HT -29 cell line treatment with the sonicated pathogens and potential probiotics. A cytokine assay was also used to evaluate IL -6 and IL -1β production after potential probiotic treatment. RESULTS The potential probiotic cocktail downregulated the JAK genes and TIRAP, IRAK4, NEMO, and RIP genes in the NF-kB pathway compared with cells that were treated with sonicated gram negative pathogens. The expression of STAT genes was different after potential probiotic treatment. The production of IL -6 and IL -1β decreased after potential probiotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Considering the importance of controlling the symptoms of IBD to improve the life quality of the patients, using probiotic could be crucial. In the current study the studied native potential probiotic cocktails showed anti-inflammatory effects via modulation of JAK /STAT and NF-kB signaling pathways. This observation suggests that our native potential probiotics consumption could be useful in reducing intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Sepehr
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tina Miri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Najafi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Sugimoto A, Numaguchi T, Chihama R, Takenaka Y, Sato Y. Identification of novel lactic acid bacteria with enhanced protective effects against influenza virus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0273604. [PMID: 37556447 PMCID: PMC10411811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert health-beneficial effects by regulating innate immunity in the intestinal tract. Due to growing health awareness, the demand for LAB and studies have focused on identifying beneficial LAB strains is increasing, especially those that stimulate innate immunity. In this study, the LAB strain D279 (NITE_BP-03645, Latilactobacillus sakei) was isolated from among 741 LAB strains that were analyzed for their ability to induce interleukin 12 (IL-12) production and was subsequently characterized. D279 induced the highest expression of IL-12 among the screened LABs. Furthermore, D279 significantly activated antiviral genes and preferentially induced interferon (IFN)λ expression in vitro, which plays a critical role in the epithelial tissue, thereby conferring strong anti-influenza potency without inflammation. However, it decreased the IFNα levels. The administration of pasteurized D279 to mice resulted in strong anti-influenza potency, with higher natural killer (NK) cell activity and a lower viral load in the lung than in the control. Importantly, none of the D279-administered mice were sacrificed during the viral infection tests. These results suggest that D279 administration confers beneficial effects by regulating innate immunity and that it may be relevant for commercial use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sugimoto
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoe Numaguchi
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryota Chihama
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuto Takenaka
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuuki Sato
- Niigata Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Niigata, Japan
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Li X, Hu B, Zheng J, Pan Z, Cai Y, Zhao M, Jin X, Li ZQ. Probiotics Alleviate Chemotherapy-Associated Intestinal Mucosal Injury via the TLR4-NFκB Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2183-2192. [PMID: 37521036 PMCID: PMC10386857 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s403087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Temozolomide (TMZ) induces intestinal mucosa injury that cannot be fully counteracted by supportive treatment. Probiotics regulate gut microbial composition and the host immune system and may alleviate this side effect. We aimed to investigate the potential and mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in relieving intestinal mucosal injury induced by TMZ. Methods Glioblastoma mice were divided into four groups: CON (control), LGG (109 CFU/mL, treated for 7 days), TMZ (50 mg/kg·d, treated for 5 days), LGG+TMZ (LGG for 7 days and TMZ subsequently for 5 days). Body weight, food intake, and fecal pH were recorded. Intestinal tissue samples were collected 1 day after the end of TMZ treatment. Degree of damage to intestine, expression of IL1β, IL6, TNFα, and IL10 in jejunum were determined. Levels of tight-junction proteins (ZO1, occludin), TLR4, IKKβ, IκBα, and P65 with their phosphorylation in jejunum were measured. Results Decreases in body weight, food intake, spleen index in the TMZ group were mitigated in the LGG+TMZ group, and the degree of intestinal shortening and damage to jejunum villus were also alleviated. The expression of tight-junction proteins in the LGG+TMZ group was significantly greater than that in the TMZ group. IκBα in intestinal tissue significantly decreased in the TMZ group, phos-IKKβ and phos-P65 increased compared to the CON group, and LGG reversed such changes in IκBα and phos-P65 in the LGG+TMZ group. Intestinal inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in the TMZ group, but lower in the LGG+TMZ group. Moreover, expression of TLR4 in LGG group was significantly lower than that in the CON group. LGG inhibited the rise of TLR4 after TMZ in the LGG+TMZ group compared to the TMZ group. Conclusion LGG inhibits the activation of the TLR4-NFκB pathway and alleviates intestinal mucosal inflammation induced by TMZ, thereby protect the jejunum villi and mucosal physical barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Zheng
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China
- The Second Clinical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Cai
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjuan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Jin
- Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Ondee T, Pongpirul K, Udompornpitak K, Sukkummee W, Lertmongkolaksorn T, Senaprom S, Leelahavanichkul A. High Fructose Causes More Prominent Liver Steatohepatitis with Leaky Gut Similar to High Glucose Administration in Mice and Attenuation by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dfa1. Nutrients 2023; 15:1462. [PMID: 36986190 PMCID: PMC10056651 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-sugar diet-induced prediabetes and obesity are a global current problem that can be the result of glucose or fructose. However, a head-to-head comparison between both sugars on health impact is still lacking, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dfa1 has never been tested, and has recently been isolated from healthy volunteers. The mice were administered with the high glucose or fructose preparation in standard mouse chaw with or without L. plantarum dfa1 gavage, on alternate days, and in vitro experiments were performed using enterocyte cell lines (Caco2) and hepatocytes (HepG2). After 12 weeks of experiments, both glucose and fructose induced a similar severity of obesity (weight gain, lipid profiles, and fat deposition at several sites) and prediabetes condition (fasting glucose, insulin, oral glucose tolerance test, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA score)). However, fructose administration induced more severe liver damage (serum alanine transaminase, liver weight, histology score, fat components, and oxidative stress) than the glucose group, while glucose caused more prominent intestinal permeability damage (FITC-dextran assay) and serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) compared to the fructose group. Interestingly, all of these parameters were attenuated by L. plantarum dfa1 administration. Because there was a subtle change in the analysis of the fecal microbiome of mice with glucose or fructose administration compared to control mice, the probiotics altered only some microbiome parameters (Chao1 and Lactobacilli abundance). For in vitro experiments, glucose induced more damage to high-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 µg/mL) to enterocytes (Caco2 cell) than fructose, as indicated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), supernatant cytokines (TNF-α and IL-8), and glycolysis capacity (by extracellular flux analysis). Meanwhile, both glucose and fructose similarly facilitated LPS injury in hepatocytes (HepG2 cell) as evaluated by supernatant cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) and extracellular flux analysis. In conclusion, glucose possibly induced a more severe intestinal injury (perhaps due to LPS-glucose synergy) and fructose caused a more prominent liver injury (possibly due to liver fructose metabolism), despite a similar effect on obesity and prediabetes. Prevention of obesity and prediabetes with probiotics was encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thunnicha Ondee
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Clinical Research Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK
| | - Kanyarat Udompornpitak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Warumphon Sukkummee
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanapat Lertmongkolaksorn
- Research Management and Development Division, Office of the President, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sayamon Senaprom
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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11
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Kudo H, Miyanaga K, Yamamoto N. Immunomodulatory effects of extracellular glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase of exopolysaccharide-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JCM 1149. Food Funct 2023; 14:489-499. [PMID: 36519678 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02927h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic lactic acid bacteria evoke immunomodulatory effects in the host; however, the reasons for the different effects of various species and strains remain to be elucidated. To clarify the critical immunomodulatory components and impact of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, 11 types of L. plantarum strains were compared for the production of EPS, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 and -12, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10, from THP-1 differentiated dendritic cells. EPS in the fermented medium correlated with cytokine-inducing activities. L. plantarum JCM 1149, with the highest production of EPS, also induced interleukin-6, -10, and -12 among the 11 tested strains. Notably, the cytokine-producing activities overlapped with the protein fraction in gel filtration chromatography but not with EPS, which has been reported to exert immunomodulatory effects. The 41 kDa protein that coexisted with EPS was purified as a major active component and identified as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a known moonlighting protein. GAPDH secretion was reduced when EPS synthesis inhibitors were added to the culture medium. RNA sequencing of GAPDH-treated THP-1 cells revealed an up-regulation in the expression of genes involved in transcriptional regulation, cell surface receptor signalling, immune response, and matrix components. Here, we report, to our knowledge for the first time, that the cell surface-associated L. plantarum GAPDH plays a crucial role in cytokine production in THP-1 cells, but EPS with less activity may help GAPDH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kudo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan. .,Deportment of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
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12
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Pan W, Zhao Z, Wu J, Fan Q, Huang H, He R, Shen H, Zhao Z, Feng S, Gan G, Chen Z, Ma M, Sun C, Zhang L. LACpG10-HL Functions Effectively in Antibiotic-Free and Healthy Husbandry by Improving the Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911466. [PMID: 36232768 PMCID: PMC9569488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are broadly restricted in modern husbandry farming, necessitating the need for efficient and low-cost immunomodulatory preparations in antibiotic-free and healthful farming. As is known to all, CpG oligonucleotides (CpG-ODNs, an effective innate immunostimulatory agent) recognized by TLR9 in mammals (while TLR21 in avians) could collaborate with some united agent to induce stronger immune responses, but the cost is prohibitively expensive for farmers. Here, considering the coordination between TLR2 and TLR9/TLR21, we firstly proposed the idea that the well-fermented Lactococcus lactis could be utilized as a CpG-plasmid carrier (LACpG10) to enhance the host’s innate immunity against pathogenic invasion. In the present study, after obtaining LACpG10-HL from homogenized and lyophilized recombinant strain LACpG10, we treated primary chicken lymphocytes, two cell lines (HD11 and IPEC-J2), and chickens with LACpG10-HL, CpG plasmids (pNZ8148-CpG10), and other stimulants, and respectively confirmed the effects by conducting qRT-PCR, bacterial infection assays, and a zoological experiment. Our data showed that LACpG10-HL could induce excellent innate immunity by regulating autophagy reactions, cytokine expression, and motivating PRRs. Interestingly, despite having no direct antiseptic effect, LACpG10-HL improved the antibacterial capacities of lymphocytes and enterocytes at the first line of defense. Most importantly, water-supplied LACpG10-HL treatment reduced the average adverse event rates, demonstrating that LACpG10-HL maintained its excellent immunostimulatory and protective properties under farming conditions. Our research not only contributes to revealing the satisfactory effects of LACpG10-HL but also sheds new light on a cost-effective solution with optimal immune effects in green, antibiotic-free, and healthful husbandry farming.
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13
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Gou HZ, Zhang YL, Ren LF, Li ZJ, Zhang L. How do intestinal probiotics restore the intestinal barrier? Front Microbiol 2022; 13:929346. [PMID: 35910620 PMCID: PMC9330398 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.929346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is a structure that prevents harmful substances, such as bacteria and endotoxins, from penetrating the intestinal wall and entering human tissues, organs, and microcirculation. It can separate colonizing microbes from systemic tissues and prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. Pathological conditions such as shock, trauma, stress, and inflammation damage the intestinal barrier to varying degrees, aggravating the primary disease. Intestinal probiotics are a type of active microorganisms beneficial to the health of the host and an essential element of human health. Reportedly, intestinal probiotics can affect the renewal of intestinal epithelial cells, and also make cell connections closer, increase the production of tight junction proteins and mucins, promote the development of the immune system, regulate the release of intestinal antimicrobial peptides, compete with pathogenic bacteria for nutrients and living space, and interact with the host and intestinal commensal flora to restore the intestinal barrier. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of how intestinal probiotics restore the intestinal barrier to provide new ideas for treating intestinal injury-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhong Gou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long-Fei Ren
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Jiao Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang,
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14
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Seo KH, Gyu Lee H, Young Eor J, Jin Jeon H, Yokoyama W, Kim H. Effects of kefir lactic acid bacteria-derived postbiotic components on high fat diet-induced gut microbiota and obesity. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111445. [PMID: 35761685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular components, surface layer protein (SLP) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) of postbiotic lactic bacteria (PLAB) can rehabilitate high-fat diet-induced dysbiosis and obese characteristic gut microbiome. However, it is not clear whether and how PLAB components affect gut microbiota and specifically adipocyte gene expression. Furthermore, SLP and EPS of PLAB in combination with polyphenolics of prebiotic wine grape seed flour (GSF) may have greater benefit on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and gut microbiota imbalance. To investigate interactions, C57BL/6 mice were fed a HFD and orally administered saline (CON), 250 mg/Kg EPS, or 120 mg/Kg SLP or saline with fed 2% GSF (GSF) or combination (42 mg/Kg EPS + 20 mg/Kg SLP + 0.5% GSF; ALL). There were significant reductions of HFD-induced body weight gain, adipose weight, serum triglyceride, and insulin resistance by the SLP and ALL diets compared to CON, with the most profound effect by ALL. ALL significantly affected the distribution of intestinal bacterial genus and species particularly those involved in production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and anti-obesogenic action. Microarray analysis from adipose tissue showed that ALL significantly affected expression of genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, autophagy, inflammatory response, immune response, brown adipose tissue development and response to lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan (p < 0.05). Interestingly, expression of Akp13 (A-kinase anchoring protein 13) gene, which is related to body mass index and immune response, was negatively associated with the abundance of obesogenic and SCFAs producing gut bacteria. These data suggest that a combination of postbiotic kefir LAB cellular components and prebiotic GSF establishes a healthy intestinal microbiota that in part was associated with the prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Young Eor
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jeon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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15
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Gut health benefit and application of postbiotics in animal production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:38. [PMID: 35392985 PMCID: PMC8991504 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut homeostasis is of importance to host health and imbalance of the gut usually leads to disorders or diseases for both human and animal. Postbiotics have been applied in manipulating of gut health, and utilization of postbiotics threads new lights into the host health. Compared with the application of probiotics, the characteristics such as stability and safety of postbiotics make it a potential alternative to probiotics. Studies have reported the beneficial effects of components derived from postbiotics, mainly through the mechanisms including inhibition of pathogens, strengthen gut barrier, and/or regulation of immunity of the host. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of postbiotics, main compounds of postbiotics, potential mechanisms in gut health, and their application in animal production.
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16
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Kaur H, Ali SA. Probiotics and gut microbiota: mechanistic insights into gut immune homeostasis through TLR pathway regulation. Food Funct 2022; 13:7423-7447. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of probiotics as a useful functional food improves the host's wellbeing, and, when paired with prebiotics (indigestible dietary fibre/carbohydrate), often benefits the host through anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-NDRI, 132001, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-NDRI, 132001, India
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Ondee T, Pongpirul K, Janchot K, Kanacharoen S, Lertmongkolaksorn T, Wongsaroj L, Somboonna N, Ngamwongsatit N, Leelahavanichkul A. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dfa1 Outperforms Enterococcus faecium dfa1 on Anti-Obesity in High Fat-Induced Obesity Mice Possibly through the Differences in Gut Dysbiosis Attenuation, despite the Similar Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010080. [PMID: 35010955 PMCID: PMC8746774 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat reduction and anti-inflammation are commonly claimed properties of probiotics. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium were tested in high fat-induced obesity mice and in vitro experiments. After 16 weeks of probiotics, L. plantarum dfa1 outperforms E. faecium dfa1 on the anti-obesity property as indicated by body weight, regional fat accumulation, serum cholesterol, inflammatory cytokines (in blood and colon tissue), and gut barrier defect (FITC-dextran assay). With fecal microbiome analysis, L. plantarum dfa1 but not E. faecium dfa1 reduced fecal abundance of pathogenic Proteobacteria without an alteration in total Gram-negative bacteria when compared with non-probiotics obese mice. With palmitic acid induction, the condition media from both probiotics similarly attenuated supernatant IL-8, improved enterocyte integrity and down-regulated cholesterol absorption-associated genes in Caco-2 cell (an enterocyte cell line) and reduced supernatant cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) with normalization of cell energy status (extracellular flux analysis) in bone-marrow-derived macrophages. Due to the anti-inflammatory effect of the condition media of both probiotics on palmitic acid-activated enterocytes was neutralized by amylase, the active anti-inflammatory molecules might, partly, be exopolysaccharides. As L. plantarum dfa1 out-performed E. faecium dfa1 in anti-obesity property, possibly through the reduced fecal Proteobacteria, with a similar anti-inflammatory exopolysaccharide; L. plantarum is a potentially better option for anti-obesity than E. faecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thunnicha Ondee
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.O.); (K.J.)
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.O.); (K.J.)
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Kantima Janchot
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.O.); (K.J.)
| | - Suthicha Kanacharoen
- Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Thanapat Lertmongkolaksorn
- Research Management and Development Division, Office of the President, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Lampet Wongsaroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (L.W.); (N.S.)
| | - Naraporn Somboonna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (L.W.); (N.S.)
- Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natharin Ngamwongsatit
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.L.)
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18
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Xie W, Song L, Wang X, Xu Y, Liu Z, Zhao D, Wang S, Fan X, Wang Z, Gao C, Wang X, Wang L, Qiao X, Zhou H, Cui W, Jiang Y, Li Y, Tang L. A bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin-encoding Lactobacillus reuteri CO21 regulates the intestinal mucosal immunity and enhances the protection of piglets against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 challenge. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1956281. [PMID: 34369287 PMCID: PMC8354667 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1956281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhea in human and animal. To determine the mechanism of a bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin (LFCA)-encoding Lactobacillus reuteri CO21 (LR-LFCA) to enhance the intestinal mucosal immunity, we used a newborn piglet intestine model to study the intestinal response to ETEC. Pigs were chosen due to the anatomical similarity between the porcine and the human intestine.4-day-old piglets were orally administered with LR-LFCA, LR-con (L. reuteri CO21 transformed with pPG612 plasmid) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for three consecutive days, within 21 days after these treatments, we found that LR-LFCA can colonize the intestines of piglets, improve the growth performance, enhance immune response and is beneficial for intestinal health of piglets by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating the composition of gut microbiota. Twenty-one days after, piglets were infected with ETEC K88 for 5 days, we found that oral administration of LR-LFCA to neonatal piglets attenuated ETEC-induced the weight loss of piglets and diarrhea incidence. LR-LFCA decreased the production of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in intestinal mucosa of ETEC-infected piglets. Additionally, LR-LFCA increased the expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum of ETEC-infected piglets. Using LPS-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) in vitro, we demonstrated that LR-LFCA-mediated increases in the tight junction proteins might depend on the MLCK pathway; LR-LFCA might increase the anti-inflammatory ability by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. We also found that LR-LFCA may enhance the antioxidant capacity of piglets by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. This study demonstrates that LR-LFCA is effective at maintaining intestinal epithelial integrity and host homeostasis as well as at repairing intestinal damage after ETEC infection and is thus a promising alternative therapeutic method for intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichun Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liying Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yigang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen, Harbin, China
| | - Zengsu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongfang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shubo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaorui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chong Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen, Harbin, China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen, Harbin, China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen, Harbin, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen, Harbin, China,CONTACT Lijie Tang College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Jastrząb R, Graczyk D, Siedlecki P. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Influenced by Postbiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413475. [PMID: 34948270 PMCID: PMC8707144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, commensal bacteria colonizing the human body have been recognized as important determinants of health and multiple pathologic conditions. Among the most extensively studied commensal bacteria are the gut microbiota, which perform a plethora of functions, including the synthesis of bioactive products, metabolism of dietary compounds, and immunomodulation, both through attenuation and immunostimulation. An imbalance in the microbiota population, i.e., dysbiosis, has been linked to many human pathologies, including various cancer types and neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting gut microbiota and microbiome-host interactions resulting from probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics is a growing opportunity for the effective treatment of various diseases. As more research is being conducted, the microbiome field is shifting from simple descriptive analysis of commensal compositions to more molecular, cellular, and functional studies. Insight into these mechanisms is of paramount importance for understanding and modulating the effects that microbiota, probiotics, and their derivatives exert on host health.
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20
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The Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Applications in Animal Husbandry. Curr Microbiol 2021; 79:22. [PMID: 34905106 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal tract of animals is a complex ecosystem in which nutrients, microbiota and host cells interact extensively. Probiotics can be considered as part of the natural microbiota of the gut and are involved in improving homeostasis. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a general term for a class of non-spore forming, gram-positive bacteria whose main product of fermented sugar is lactic acid. LAB are considered to be a type of probiotic due to their health-promoting effects on the host, and are very effective in the treatment of human and animal diseases. LAB have been widely used as a class of microbial agents in the field of livestock and poultry breeding. They are also considered to be the best substitutes for antibiotics to improve animal health. Here, we review the biological functions, probiotic characteristics and applications of LAB in livestock and poultry breeding. This review is designed to provide a theoretical base for the in-depth exploration and promotion of LAB use in animal diets.
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21
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Brdarić E, Soković Bajić S, Đokić J, Đurđić S, Ruas-Madiedo P, Stevanović M, Tolinački M, Dinić M, Mutić J, Golić N, Živković M. Protective Effect of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8 Against Cadmium-Induced Toxicity in Caco-2 Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:759378. [PMID: 34790183 PMCID: PMC8591446 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.759378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) ranks seventh on the list of most significant potential threats to human health based on its suspected toxicity and the possibility of exposure to it. It has been reported that some bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have the ability to bind heavy metal ions. We therefore investigated the capacity of eight EPS-producing lactobacilli to adsorb Cd in the present study, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8 was chosen as the best candidate. In addition, we demonstrate that an EPS derived from BGAN8 (EPS-AN8) exhibits a high Cd-binding capacity and prevents Cd-mediated toxicity in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Simultaneous use of EPS-AN8 with Cd treatment prevents inflammation, disruption of tight-junction proteins, and oxidative stress. Our results indicate that the EPS in question has a strong potential to be used as a postbiotic in combatting the adverse effects of Cd. Moreover, we show that higher concentrations of EPS-AN8 can alleviate Cd-induced cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Brdarić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Soković Bajić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Đurđić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
| | - Magdalena Stevanović
- Institute of Technical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Tolinački
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Dinić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Mutić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Golić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Živković
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Qin S, Huang Z, Wang Y, Pei L, Shen Y. Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus isolated from horses and its therapeutic effect on DSS-induced colitis in mice. Microb Pathog 2021; 165:105216. [PMID: 34600098 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a refractory disease that endangers both humans and animals. In recent times, Lactobacillus have been used to treat animal diseases. It may be a good choice to try to isolate Lactobacillus with probiotic potential to treat IBD. Equine, as a kind of hindgut fermentation animal has rich intestinal microflora, but data regarding this is scarce. The isolation of Lactobacillus with probiotic potential from equine may become a new method for the treatment of IBD. Four isolates of Lactobacillus were isolated from fresh feces of healthy male adult horses and analyzed their biological characteristics. According to the phylogenetic analysis, A2.5 and A7.1 were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus, A3 as Lactobacillus plantarum, and B8.2 as Weissella cibaria. All four isolates showed tolerance to the environment of acid, bile salt concentration and simulated artificial gastrointestinal fluid. The hydrophobic rate and self-aggregation rate of A3 were close to 100%, and the adhesion rate was 28.85 ± 0.74%. Four isolates were negative in hemolysis test and sensitive to common antibiotics and different isolates had different sensitivity to antibiotics. The four isolates had antibacterial and antioxidant activities which can reflect their probiotic potential. Furthermore, they could regulate the LPS (Lipopolysaccharides) stimulated Caco-2 cells. We chose A3 as the treatment strain to intervene Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced mice. The results showed that compared with DSS group, DSS + A3 group exhibited reduced Disease activity index (DAI), increased colon length, reduced pathological score and regulated cytokine secretion at the level of gene expression. In this study, four isolates of Lactobacillus with probiotic potential were isolated, and Lactobacillus plantarum A3 with reduced ulcerative colitis in mice was screened. It might provide a potential treatment for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songkang Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zonghao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lulu Pei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yaoqin Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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23
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Tong L, Zhang X, Hao H, Liu Q, Zhou Z, Liang X, Liu T, Gong P, Zhang L, Zhai Z, Hao Y, Yi H. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Gut Microbiota and Attenuate Inflammatory in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3319. [PMID: 34684320 PMCID: PMC8541209 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease. Probiotics have a potential beneficial effect on the prevention of UC onset and relapse in clinical trials. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L. rhamnosus GG) have shown clinical benefits on UC patients, however, the precise mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of extracellular vesicles released from L. rhamnosus GG (LGG-EVs) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and propose the underlying mechanism of LGG-EVs for protecting against colitis. The results showed that LGG-EVs could prevent colonic tissue damage and shortening of the colon (p < 0.01), and ameliorate intestinal inflammation by inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 axis activation. Consistently, the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2) were suppressed effectively upon LGG-EVs treatment (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that LGG-EVs administration could reshape the gut microbiota in DSS-induced colitis mice, which further alters the metabolism pathways of gut microbiota. These findings propose a novel perspective of L. rhamnosus GG in attenuating inflammation mediated by extracellular vesicles and offer consideration for developing oral gavage of LGG-EVs for colitis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Haining Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Qiqi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zihan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xi Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Tongjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Pimin Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhengyuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.H.)
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Q.L.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (P.G.); (L.Z.)
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24
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Deoxynivalenol exposure induces liver damage in mice: Inflammation and immune responses, oxidative stress, and protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112514. [PMID: 34400200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most common environmental pollutants, substantially affects human and animal health. Much attention has been paid to the ability of probiotics to modulate inflammation and immune responses. In this work, the toxic effects of DON on the liver and the protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were investigated. We treated mice with oral gavage of DON (2.4 mg/kg bw/day), LGG (1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day) or both for 28 days. The results showed that DON triggered liver inflammation, reflected by pathological changes and liver function damage but LGG oral administration significantly attenuated these changes. Notably, DON treatment activated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway which contribute to produce inflammatory cytokines, but oral administration of LGG inhibited all the effects of DON. DON treatment can also induce oxidative stress and activate Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, leading to the activation of Nrf2 and the downstream genes, while LGG treatment can improve the antioxidant capacity of liver and protected mice from DON injury. In conclusion, LGG was able to negate the detrimental effects of DON on the liver and may contribute as a potential dietary intervention strategy to reduce mycotoxicity.
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25
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Increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate-induced mucositis of iron-overload β-thalassemia mice, another endogenous cause of septicemia in thalassemia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1467-1486. [PMID: 34131711 PMCID: PMC8209035 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enterocyte damage and gut dysbiosis are caused by iron-overload in thalassemia (Thl), possibly making the gut vulnerable to additional injury. Hence, iron-overload in the heterozygous β-globin deficient (Hbbth3/+) mice were tested with 3% dextran sulfate solution (DSS). With 4 months of iron-gavage, iron accumulation, gut-leakage (fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran), endotoxemia, and tight junction injury) in Thl mice were more prominent than WT mice. Additionally, DSS-induced mucositis in iron-overloaded mice from Thl group was also more severe than the WT group as indicated by mortality, liver enzyme, colon injury (histology and tissue cytokines), serum cytokines, and gut-leakage (FITC-dextran, endotoxemia, bacteremia, and the detection of Green-Fluorescent Producing Escherichia coli in the internal organs after an oral administration). However, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG attenuated the disease severity of DSS in iron-overloaded Thl mice as indicated by mortality, cytokines (colon tissue and serum), gut-leakage (FITC-dextran, endotoxemia, and bacteremia) and fecal dysbiosis (microbiome analysis). Likewise, Lactobacillus conditioned media (LCM) decreased inflammation (supernatant IL-8 and cell expression of TLR-4, nuclear factor κB (NFκB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)) and increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in enterocytes (Caco-2 cells) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS plus ferric ion. In conclusion, in the case of iron-overloaded Thl, there was a pre-existing intestinal injury that wask more vulnerable to DSS-induced bacteremia (gut translocation). Hence, the prevention of gut-derived bacteremia and the monitoring on gut-leakage might be beneficial in patients with thalassemia.
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26
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Liu L, Li Y, He Y, Wang Z, Zhao H, Jin X, Shi D, Wang X. Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 inhibits LPS-induced downregulation of ZO-1 expression via TLR2/4-mediated JNK/AP-1 signalling pathways. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:605-617. [PMID: 34062034 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS ZO-1 is a key regulatory tight junction protein that plays an important role in maintaining gastrointestinal health. In this study, we investigated the protective effect and regulation mechanism of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 on tight junction protein ZO-1 at the cellular and molecular levels. METHODS AND RESULTS We established LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury model, and detected the protective effect of HDRsEf1 on ZO-1 in IPEC-J2 cells by Real-time PCR and Western blot. The results showed that HDRsEf1 inhibited the downregulation of ZO-1 expression induced by LPS. HDRsEf1 stabilized the destruction of the ZO-1 structure caused by LPS in an immunofluorescence assay. Through gene overexpression and siRNA interference tests, we found that transcription factor AP-1 inhibited the level of ZO-1 expression. Silencing experiment further supported that the protective effect of HDRSEF1 might mediated by suppression of LPS-provoked activation of ASK1/MKK7/JNK signalling pathways. In addition, HDRsEf1 could stabilize ZO-1 expression by increasing TLR2 expression and competing with LPS for the TLR4 binding site. More interestingly, we also found that HDRsEf1 could stabilize ZO-1 expression through inhibiting the production of TNF-α induced by LPS. CONCLUSIONS HDRsEf1 could protect the IPEC-J2 cell against LPS induced down-regulation of ZO-1 expression by inhibiting the activation of TLR2/4-mediated JNK-AP-1 and signalling cascade and the production of TNF-α. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study can provide a theoretical basis for probiotics to regulate the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, and supply technical support for probiotics to prevent and treat animal intestinal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Yucheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Hongze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Xiue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
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27
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Su S, Zhang ZF, Wang X, Wang YM, Wang BM. Mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:366-371. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i7.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a clinically common functional gastrointestinal disease, which affects the quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore effective treatment methods for IBS. Probiotics can improve the symptoms of IBS patients and their quality of life. Lactobacillus rhamnosus is one of the most studied probiotics and has attracted much attention. . Lactobacillus rhamnosus has been used to treat IBS, and much progress has been made in recent years. Lactobacillus rhamnosus can improve the symptoms of IBS by regulating the imbalance of the intestinal flora, protecting the intestinal barrier function, exerting anti-inflammatory activity, regulating the intestinal immunity, improving visceral hypersensitivity, and inhibiting bacteria. This review aims to elucidate the possible mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the treatment of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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28
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Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 improves saturated fat-induced obesity mouse model through the enhanced intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6367. [PMID: 33737543 PMCID: PMC7973717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a major healthcare problem worldwide, induces metabolic endotoxemia through the gut translocation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, causing a chronic inflammatory state. A combination of several probiotics including Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 (LA5), a potent lactic acid-producing bacterium, has previously been shown to attenuate obesity. However, data on the correlation between a single administration of LA5 versus microbiota alteration might be helpful for the probiotic adjustment. LA5 was administered daily together with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks in mice. Furthermore, the condition media of LA5 was also tested in a hepatocyte cell-line (HepG2 cells). Accordingly, LA5 attenuated obesity in mice as demonstrated by weight reduction, regional fat accumulation, lipidemia, liver injury (liver weight, lipid compositions, and liver enzyme), gut permeability defect, endotoxemia, and serum cytokines. Unsurprisingly, LA5 improved these parameters and acidified fecal pH leads to the attenuation of fecal dysbiosis. The fecal microbiome analysis in obese mice with or without LA5 indicated; (i) decreased Bacteroidetes (Gram-negative anaerobes that predominate in non-healthy conditions), (ii) reduced total fecal Gram-negative bacterial burdens (the sources of gut LPS), (iii) enhanced Firmicutes (Gram-positive bacteria with potential benefits) and (iv) increased Verrucomycobia, especially Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium with the anti-obesity property. With LA5 administration, A. muciniphila in the colon were more than 2,000 folds higher than the regular diet mice as determined by 16S rRNA. Besides, LA5 produced anti-inflammatory molecules with a similar molecular weight to LPS that reduced cytokine production in LPS-activated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, LA5 attenuated obesity through (i) gut dysbiosis attenuation, partly through the promotion of A. muciniphila (probiotics with the difficulty in preparation processes), (ii) reduced endotoxemia, and (iii) possibly decreased liver injury by producing the anti-inflammatory molecules.
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29
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Alterations in intestinal microbiota diversity, composition, and function in patients with sarcopenia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4628. [PMID: 33633246 PMCID: PMC7907362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
16S rRNA sequencing of human fecal samples has been tremendously successful in identifying microbiome changes associated with both aging and disease. A number of studies have described microbial alterations corresponding to physical frailty and nursing home residence among aging individuals. A gut-muscle axis through which the microbiome influences skeletal muscle growth/function has been hypothesized. However, the microbiome has yet to be examined in sarcopenia. Here, we collected fecal samples of 60 healthy controls (CON) and 27 sarcopenic (Case)/possibly sarcopenic (preCase) individuals and analyzed the intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing. We observed an overall reduction in microbial diversity in Case and preCase samples. The genera Lachnospira, Fusicantenibacter, Roseburia, Eubacterium, and Lachnoclostridium—known butyrate producers—were significantly less abundant in Case and preCase subjects while Lactobacillus was more abundant. Functional pathways underrepresented in Case subjects included numerous transporters and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis suggesting that protein processing and nutrient transport may be impaired. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was overrepresented in Case and PreCase subjects suggesting that sarcopenia is associated with a pro-inflammatory metagenome. These analyses demonstrate structural and functional alterations in the intestinal microbiota that may contribute to loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in sarcopenia.
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Yuan L, de Haan P, Peterson BW, de Jong ED, Verpoorte E, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Visualization of Bacterial Colonization and Cellular Layers in a Gut-on-a-Chip System Using Optical Coherence Tomography. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:1211-1219. [PMID: 33107427 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762002454x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of cellular layers in a gut-on-a-chip system has been confined to two-dimensional (2D)-imaging through conventional light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) yielding three-dimensional- and 2D-cross-sectional reconstructions. However, CLSM requires staining and is unsuitable for longitudinal visualization. Here, we compare merits of optical coherence tomography (OCT) with those of CLSM and light microscopy for visualization of intestinal epithelial layers during protection by a probiotic Bifidobacterium breve strain and a simultaneous pathogen challenge by an Escherichia coli strain. OCT cross-sectional images yielded film thicknesses that coincided with end-point thicknesses derived from cross-sectional CLSM images. Light microscopy on histological sections of epithelial layers at the end-point yielded smaller layer thicknesses than OCT and CLSM. Protective effects of B. breve adhering to an epithelial layer against an E. coli challenge included the preservation of layer thickness and membrane surface coverage by epithelial cells. OCT does not require staining or sectioning, making OCT suitable for longitudinal visualization of biological films, but as a drawback, OCT does not allow an epithelial layer to be distinguished from bacterial biofilms adhering to it. Thus, OCT is ideal to longitudinally evaluate epithelial layers under probiotic protection and pathogen challenges, but proper image interpretation requires the application of a second method at the end-point to distinguish bacterial and epithelial films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AVGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim de Haan
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analysis, 9713 AVGroningen, The Netherlands
- TI-COAST, 1098 XHAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brandon W Peterson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AVGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed D de Jong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AVGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Verpoorte
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analysis, 9713 AVGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AVGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Busscher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AVGroningen, The Netherlands
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An evaluation of the effects of probiotics on tumoral necrosis factor (TNF-α) signaling and gene expression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:27-38. [PMID: 33162326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The search for functional foods containing probiotics has been growing due to numerous benefits they provide to health, such as modulation of the immune system and of the anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α. However, the mechanisms of actions of the probiotics responsible for this inhibition have not been completely explained so far. A better understanding of the interaction between probiotics and cell signaling pathways related to inflammatory processes shall help to prevent inflammatory bowel diseases. Therefore, the aim of this revision is to help understand the mechanisms of action of probiotics in cell signaling pathways that regulate TNF-α expression. Probiotics might act at different points of the MAPK pathway, on NF-kB, on proteasome activity, on Toll-like receptors, and on their regulators and stimuli. The present revision reaches the conclusion that probiotics act through multiple mechanisms, especially by inhibiting IkB phosphorylation and degradation, thus preventing the translocation of NF-kB. Effects are also shown to be strain-specific, and probiotics of the genus Lactobacillus are proved to play and essential role in anti-inflammatory activity.
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Wang H, Zhang L, Li Q, Xu S, Lu R. Surface-layer protein produced by Lactobacillus crispatus JCM 2009 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through autophagy cross-talk with the NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:633-640. [PMID: 33130269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, studies on immunomodulation by surface-layer proteins (Slps) have mainly focused on Lactobacillus acidophilus, there is little information on Slp from L. crispatus and its intestinal immunomodulatory mechanisms in macrophages. In our study, the anti-inflammatory actions of Slp derived from L. crispatus JCM 2009 and its related molecular mechanisms were investigated. We initially found that incubation with Slp (5-10 μg/mL) for 4 h significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells (P < 0.001). We then found that Slp inhibited the inflammatory response by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and activating autophagy in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, ELISA and Western blotting results demonstrated that the NF-κB signaling pathway positively regulated autophagic activity to inhibit the productions of PGE2 and NO during this inflammatory response. And p65 was identified as a potentially important NF-κB signaling pathway molecule mediating the effects of Slp on the LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells. Our findings provide the novel perspective that Slp exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through the activation of autophagy, making it a promising bioactive ingredient for the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Qinpei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shichen Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Rongrong Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Ye L, Wang C. The anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria exopolysaccharides in vitro: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 253:117308. [PMID: 33278957 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a particular group of gram-positive bacteria that are usually involved in natural ferments and widely used in food manufacture industry. Most of them can produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), surface carbohydrate polymers with diverse biological functions. LAB EPS are potentially complementary and alternative medicines against cancer. EPS show anti-proliferative effects on a variety of tumor cells from intestine, liver, breast, etc. They modulate the development of tumors through various mechanisms including promoting apoptosis, inducing cell cycle arrest as well as anti-mutagenic, anti-oxidative, anti-angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory effects. Bacterial origin, existence form, chemical structure, purity et al. are important factors affecting the anticancer effects of EPS. The future challenge lies in elucidating the precise structure-function relationship of LAB EPS. Besides, more in vivo studies and further clinical trials are indispensable to confirm the anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Endodontics Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Endodontics Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Endodontics Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Endodontics Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Teame T, Wang A, Xie M, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Ding Q, Gao C, Olsen RE, Ran C, Zhou Z. Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic Lactobacilli, Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review. Front Nutr 2020; 7:570344. [PMID: 33195367 PMCID: PMC7642493 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.570344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli comprise an important group of probiotics for both human and animals. The emerging concern regarding safety problems associated with live microbial cells is enhancing the interest in using cell components and metabolites derived from probiotic strains. Here, we define cell structural components and metabolites of probiotic bacteria as paraprobiotics and postbiotics, respectively. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics produced from Lactobacilli consist of a wide range of molecules including peptidoglycans, surface proteins, cell wall polysaccharides, secreted proteins, bacteriocins, and organic acids, which mediate positive effect on the host, such as immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, and barrier-preservation effects. In this review, we systematically summarize the paraprobiotics and postbiotics derived from Lactobacilli and their beneficial functions. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects on the host, and their interaction with the host cells. This review may boost our understanding on the benefits and molecular mechanisms associated with paraprobiotics and probiotics from Lactobacilli, which may promote their applications in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegay Teame
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Anran Wang
- AgricultureIsLife/EnvironmentIsLife and Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, AgroBioChem/TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mingxu Xie
- Norway-China Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianwen Ding
- Norway-China Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chenchen Gao
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Norway-China Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Yang S, Lun J, Gao J, Gao X, Gong Z, Wan Y, He X, Cao H. Inhibitory Effects of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Effector Protein HM0539 on Inflammatory Response Through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-кB Axis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551449. [PMID: 33123130 PMCID: PMC7573360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammatory condition with no effective treatment. Probiotics have gained wide attention because of their outstanding advantages in intestinal health issues. In previous studies, a novel soluble protein, HM0539, which is derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), showed significant protective effects against murine colitis, but no clear precise mechanism for this effect was provided. In this study, we hypothesized that the protective function of HM0539 might be derived from its modulation of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB axis signaling pathway, which is a critical pathway widely involved in the modulation of inflammatory responses. To test this hypothesis, the underlying anti-inflammatory effects and associated mechanisms of HM0539 were determined both in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis. Our results showed that HM0539 inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the expression inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by down-regulating the activation of their respective promoter, and as a result this inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO). Meanwhile, we demonstrated that HM0539 could ultimately modulate the activation of distal NF-κB by reducing the activation of TLR4 and suppressing the transduction of MyD88. However, even though the overexpression of TLR4 or MyD88 obviously reversed the effect of HM0539 on LPS-induced inflammation, HM0539 still retained some anti-inflammatory activity. Consistent with the in vitro findings, we found that HM0539 inhibited to a great extent the production of inflammatory mediators associated with the suppression of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB axis activation in colon tissue. In conclusion, HM0539 was shown to be a promising anti-inflammatory agent, at least in part through its down-regulation of the TLR4-MyD88 axis as well as of the downstream MyD88-dependent activated NF-κB signaling, and hence might be considered as a potential therapeutic option for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Li
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Lun
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelong Gong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hori T, Matsuda K, Oishi K. Probiotics: A Dietary Factor to Modulate the Gut Microbiome, Host Immune System, and Gut-Brain Interaction. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091401. [PMID: 32933067 PMCID: PMC7563712 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various benefits of probiotics to the host have been shown in numerous human clinical trials. These organisms have been proposed to act by improving the balance of the gut microbiota and enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids, as well as by interacting with host cells in the gastrointestinal tract, including immune cells, nerve cells, and endocrine cells. Although the stimulation of host cells by probiotics and subsequent signaling have been explained by in vitro experiments and animal studies, there has been some skepticism as to whether probiotics can actually interact with host cells in the human gastrointestinal tract, where miscellaneous indigenous bacteria coexist. Most recently, it has been shown that the ileal microbiota in humans after consumption of a fermented milk is occupied by probiotics for several hours, indicating that there is adequate opportunity for the ingested strain to stimulate the host cells continuously over a period of time. As the dynamics of ingested probiotics in the human gastrointestinal tract become clearer, further progress in this research area is expected to elucidate their behavior within the tract, as well as the mechanism of their physiological effects on the host.
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Sun L, Tian W, Guo X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Li X, Tian Y, Man C, Jiang Y. Lactobacillus gasseri JM1 with potential probiotic characteristics alleviates inflammatory response by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7851-7864. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wang B, Wu Y, Liu R, Xu H, Mei X, Shang Q, Liu S, Yu D, Li W. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG promotes M1 polarization in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages by activating TLR2/MyD88/MAPK signaling pathway. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13439. [PMID: 32779289 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is increasingly applied in functional food products and acts as a probiotic model in nutritious and clinical studies. Increasing evidences have revealed the immune modulation of LGG on macrophages. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of LGG on macrophage polarization of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). BMDMs were treated with 108 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml LGG for 1.5, 3, and 6 hr. Results showed that LGG obviously upregulated the mRNA expression of M1-associated cytokines (p < .05), including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whereas had no effect on the expression of M2-associated markers (p > .05), including arginase 1 (Arg1), mannose receptor, and chitinase-like protein 3 (YM1). Furthermore, LGG markedly increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12p40, cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], and interferon-γ [IFN-γ]) (p < .05) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, and transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β]) (p < .05). In addition, we also found that TLR2/MyD88/MAPK signaling pathway was required for LGG-induced M1 macrophage polarization and M1-related cytokines expression. Together, these findings demonstrate that probiotic LGG facilitates M1 polarization of BMDMs, suggesting that LGG may have an immunotherapeutic potential in regulating the host defense against pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Shang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Nataraj BH, Ali SA, Behare PV, Yadav H. Postbiotics-parabiotics: the new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:168. [PMID: 32819443 PMCID: PMC7441679 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have several health benefits by modulating gut microbiome; however, techno-functional limitations such as viability controls have hampered their full potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. Therefore, the focus is gradually shifting from viable probiotic bacteria towards non-viable paraprobiotics and/or probiotics derived biomolecules, so-called postbiotics. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics are the emerging concepts in the functional foods field because they impart an array of health-promoting properties. Although, these terms are not well defined, however, for time being these terms have been defined as here. The postbiotics are the complex mixture of metabolic products secreted by probiotics in cell-free supernatants such as enzymes, secreted proteins, short chain fatty acids, vitamins, secreted biosurfactants, amino acids, peptides, organic acids, etc. While, the paraprobiotics are the inactivated microbial cells of probiotics (intact or ruptured containing cell components such as peptidoglycans, teichoic acids, surface proteins, etc.) or crude cell extracts (i.e. with complex chemical composition)". However, in many instances postbiotics have been used for whole category of postbiotics and parabiotics. These elicit several advantages over probiotics like; (i) availability in their pure form, (ii) ease in production and storage, (iii) availability of production process for industrial-scale-up, (iv) specific mechanism of action, (v) better accessibility of Microbes Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) during recognition and interaction with Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) and (vi) more likely to trigger only the targeted responses by specific ligand-receptor interactions. The current review comprehensively summarizes and discussed various methodologies implied to extract, purify, and identification of paraprobiotic and postbiotic compounds and their potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaprabhu H Nataraj
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Pradip V Behare
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Biotech Place, Room 2E-034, 575 North Patterson Ave, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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Jung YJ, Kim KH, Ko EJ, Lee Y, Kim MC, Lee YT, Kim CH, Jeeva S, Park BR, Kang SM. Adjuvant effects of killed Lactobacillus casei DK128 on enhancing T helper type 1 immune responses and the efficacy of influenza vaccination in normal and CD4-deficient mice. Vaccine 2020; 38:5783-5792. [PMID: 32674907 PMCID: PMC7453881 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus casei DK128 isolated from fermented vegetable foods was suggested to stimulate innate immune responses. Here, we investigated whether heat-killed DK128 would exhibit adjuvant effects on enhancing the efficacy of influenza vaccination. Immunization of mice with split influenza virus vaccine in the presence of heat-killed DK128 induced significantly higher levels of both IgG1 and IgG2c isotype antibodies than those by vaccine only. A single dose DK128-adjuvanted influenza vaccination conferred higher efficacy of protection, as evidenced by intact lung function, less weight loss, enhanced clearance of lung viral loads, and lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and infiltrates. Immunization of CD4 T cell-knockout (CD4KO) mice with influenza vaccine and DK128, but not with vaccine alone, induced isotype-switched IgG antibodies and protection against lethal challenge in CD4KO mice. The results in this study suggest heat-killed DK128 as a potential vaccine adjuvant, promoting the induction of IgG isotype switching in CD4-deficient condition and enhancing protective efficacy of split influenza vaccination in immunocompromised and immune-competent subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; CARESIDE Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheol-Hyun Kim
- Department of Animal Resource Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Subbiah Jeeva
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Hui Q, Ammeter E, Liu S, Yang R, Lu P, Lahaye L, Yang C. Eugenol attenuates inflammatory response and enhances barrier function during lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa245. [PMID: 32735667 PMCID: PMC7531220 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is an essential oil component, possessing antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties; however, the effect of eugenol on porcine gut inflammation has not yet been investigated. In this study, an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) has been set up. Cells were pretreated with 100 μM (16.42 mg/L) eugenol for 2 h followed by 10 μg/mL LPS stimulation for 6 h. Proinflammatory cytokine secretion; reactive oxygen species; gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, tight junction proteins, and nutrient transporters; the expression and distribution of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1); transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER); and cell permeability were measured to investigate the effect of eugenol on inflammatory responses and gut barrier function. The results showed that eugenol pretreatment significantly suppressed the LPS-stimulated interleukin-8 level and the mRNA abundance of tumor necrosis factor-α and restored the LPS-stimulated decrease of the mRNA abundance of tight junction proteins, such as ZO-1 and occludin, and the mRNA abundance of nutrient transporters, such as B0 1 system ASC sodium-dependent neutral amino acid exchanger 2, sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1, excitatory amino acid transporter 1, and peptide transporter 1. In addition, eugenol improved the expression and even redistribution of ZO-1 and tended to increase TEER value and maintained the barrier integrity. In conclusion, a low dose of eugenol attenuated inflammatory responses and enhanced selectively permeable barrier function during LPS-induced inflammation in the IPEC-J2 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Hui
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Emily Ammeter
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shangxi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Runqiang Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Ngamkala S, Satchasataporn K, Setthawongsin C, Raksajit W. Histopathological study and intestinal mucous cell responses against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia administered with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Vet World 2020; 13:967-974. [PMID: 32636595 PMCID: PMC7311884 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.967-974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to examine the intestinal histopathological lesions and mucous cell responses in the entire intestines of Nile tilapia administered with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)-mixed feed, after Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Materials and Methods Intestinal samples from fish fed with control normal diet or LGG-mixed feed (1010 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g feed) with or without A. hydrophila in phosphate-buffered saline challenge (7.46 × 108 CFU/mL/fish) were collected and processed for histopathological study. The mucous cell responses were evaluated using histochemistry, using Alcian blue (AB) at pH 2.5, AB at pH 1.0, and periodic acid-Schiff-AB at pH 2.5. The quantification of the intestinal mucous cell size and the staining character of each mucin type from the entire intestine were recorded and counted. Results Histopathological study showed remarkable lesions only in the proximal intestine in fish infected with A. hydrophila, while LGG-fed fish had less intestinal damage, perhaps resulting from heterophil infiltration. Furthermore, a significant (p<0.01) increase in mixed mucous cell numbers was observed mainly in the proximal intestine of all challenged fish, compared with normal diet-fed fish without challenge, and also in LGG-fed fish with A. hydrophila challenge compared with LGG-fed fish without challenge. Conclusion Dietary LGG-fed Nile tilapia showed improvements in host innate immunity. In addition, LGG was effective in decreasing intestinal lesions from A. hydrophila-induced intestinal damage. Moreover, increasing numbers of mixed mucous cells in the proximal intestine might be indicative of certain pathological conditions in Nile tilapia after A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchanit Ngamkala
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Khomson Satchasataporn
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chanokchon Setthawongsin
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wuttinun Raksajit
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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43
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Mao J, Qi S, Cui Y, Dou X, Luo XM, Liu J, Zhu T, Ma Y, Wang H. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Barrier Dysfunction by Regulating MAPK/NF-κB Signaling and Modulating Metabolome in the Piglet Intestine. J Nutr 2020; 150:1313-1323. [PMID: 32027752 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic Lactobacillius rhamnosus GG (LGG) shows beneficial immunomodulation on cultured cell lines in vitro and in mouse models. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the effects of LGG on intestinal injury and the underlying mechanisms by elucidating inflammatory signaling pathways and metabolomic response to LPS stimulation in the piglet intestine. METHODS Piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large White, including males and female; 8.6 ± 1.1 kg) aged 28 d were assigned to 3 groups (n = 6/group): oral inoculation with PBS for 2 wk before intraperitoneal injection of physiological saline [control (CON)] or LPS (25 μg/kg body weight; LPS) or oral inoculation with LGG for 2 wk before intraperitoneal injection of LPS (LGG+LPS). Piglets were killed 4 h after LPS injection. Systemic inflammation, intestinal integrity, inflammation signals, and metabolomic characteristics in the intestine were determined. RESULTS Compared with CON, LPS stimulation significantly decreased ileal zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1; 44%), claudin-3 (44%), and occludin (41%) expression; increased serum diamineoxidase (73%), D-xylose (19%), TNF-α (43%), and IL-6 (55%) concentrations; induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK; 85%), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK; 96%), and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation (37%) (P < 0.05). Compared with LPS stimulation alone, LGG pretreatment significantly enhanced the intestinal barrier by upregulating expressions of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, 73%; claudin-3, 55%; occludin, 67%), thereby decreasing serum diamineoxidase (26%) and D-xylose (28%) concentrations, and also reduced serum TNF-α expression (16%) and ileal p38 MAPK (79%), ERK (43%) and NF-κB p65 (37%) phosphorylation levels (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis showed clear separation between each group. The concentrations of caprylic acid [fold-change (FC) = 2.39], 1-mono-olein (FC = 2.68), erythritol (FC = 4.62), and ethanolamine (FC = 4.47) significantly increased in the intestine of LGG + LPS piglets compared with the LPS group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that LGG alleviates gut inflammation, improves intestinal barrier function, and modulates the metabolite profile of piglets challenged with LPS. This trial was registered at the Zhejiang University (http://www.lac.zju.edu.cn) as ZJU20170529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangdi Mao
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siri Qi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Cui
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin M Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Ma
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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44
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S-layer protein modulates the stimulatory effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6074 by triggering PKC signaling cascade in RAW 264.7 cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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45
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Jeffrey MP, MacPherson CW, Mathieu O, Tompkins TA, Green-Johnson JM. Secretome-Mediated Interactions with Intestinal Epithelial Cells: A Role for Secretome Components from Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 in the Attenuation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Secretome and TNF-α-Induced Proinflammatory Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2523-2534. [PMID: 32238458 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that lactic acid bacteria communicate with host cells via secretome components to influence immune responses but less is known about gut-pathogen secretomes, impact of lactic acid bacteria secretomes on host-pathogen interactions, and the mechanisms underlying these interactions. Genome-wide microarrays and cytokine profiling were used to interrogate the impact of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 secretome (LrS) on TNF-α and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium secretome (STS)-induced outcomes in human intestinal epithelial cells. The LrS attenuated both TNF-α- and STS-induced gene expression involved in NF-κB and MAPK activation, as well as expression of genes involved in other immune-related signaling pathways. Specifically, the LrS induced the expression of dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), and tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3), negative regulators of innate immune signaling, in HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells challenged with TNF-α or STS. TNF-α- and STS-induced acetylation of H3 and H4 histones was attenuated by the LrS, as was the production of TNF-α- and STS-induced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Interestingly, the LrS induced production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a cytokine involved in host-microbe interactions at the gut interface. We propose that the LrS attenuates proinflammatory mediator expression through increased transcription of negative regulators of innate immune activity and changes in global H3 and H4 histone acetylation. To our knowledge, these findings provide novel insights into the complex multifaceted mechanisms of action behind secretome-mediated interdomain communication at the gut-mucosal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Jeffrey
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program and the Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada; and
| | - Chad W MacPherson
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Olivier Mathieu
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Thomas A Tompkins
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Julia M Green-Johnson
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program and the Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada; and
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46
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Chen CC, Lai CC, Huang HL, Su YT, Chiu YH, Toh HS, Chiang SR, Chuang YC, Lu YC, Tang HJ. Antimicrobial ability and mechanism analysis of Lactobacillus species against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:447-456. [PMID: 32102749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial ability and mechanism analysis of Lactobacillus species against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). METHODS Five Lactobacillus spp. strains and 18 CPE clinical isolates were collected. Their anti-CPE effects were assessed by agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assay, as well as time-kill test. Finally, the specific anti-CPE mechanism, especially for the effect of organic acids was determined using broth microdilution method. RESULTS All of five Lactobacilli isolates displayed the potent activity against most CPE isolates with mean zones of inhibition ranging 10.2-21.1 mm. The anti-CPE activity was not affected by heating, catalase, and proteinase treatment. Under the concentration of 50% LUC0180 cell-free supernatant (CFS), lactic acid, and mix acid could totally inhibit the growth of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPE0011), and acetic acid could inhibit 67.8%. In contrast, succinic acid and citric acid could not inhibit the growth of CPE0011. While we decreased the concentration to 25%, only lactic acid and mix acid displayed 100% inhibition. In contrast, succinic acid, citric acid and acetic acid did not show any inhibitory effect. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus strains exhibit potent anti-CPE activity, and lactic acid produced by Lactobacillus strains is the major antimicrobial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ling Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Siong Toh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Shyh-Ren Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yin-Ching Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chen Lu
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
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47
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Ho SW, El-Nezami H, Shah NP. The protective effects of enriched citrulline fermented milk with Lactobacillus helveticus on the intestinal epithelium integrity against Escherichia coli infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:499. [PMID: 31949265 PMCID: PMC6965087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the protective effects of citrulline enriched-fermented milk with live Lactobacillus helveticus ASCC 511 (LH511) on intestinal epithelial barrier function and inflammatory response in IPEC-J2 cells caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli. Five percent (v/v) of fermented milk with live LH511 and 4 mM citrulline (5%LHFM_Cit-4mM) significantly stimulated the population of IPEC-J2 cells by 36% as determined by MTT assay. Adhesion level of LH511 was significantly increased by 9.2% when incubated with 5%LHFM_Cit-4mM and 5%LHFM_Cit-4mM reduced the adhesion of enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) and entero-invasive (EIEC) E. coli in IPEC-J2 cells by 35.79% and 42.74%, respectively. Treatment with 5%LHFM_Cit-4mM ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli O55:B5 induced activated inflammatory cytokines expression (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) and concentration (IL-6 and IL-8) and early apoptosis. It restored the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and regulated the expression and distribution of tight junction (TJ) proteins (zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-1), toll-like receptors (TLRs) (TLR2 and TLR4) and negative regulators of TLRs signalling pathway (A20 and IRAK-M). In conclusion, our findings suggested that 5%LHFM_Cit-4mM might have the positive effects on improving and maintaining the intestinal epithelial cell integrity and inflammatory response under both normal and pathogenic LPS-stimulated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wing Ho
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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48
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Sireswar S, Biswas S, Dey G. Adhesion and anti-inflammatory potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in a sea buckthorn based beverage matrix. Food Funct 2020; 11:2555-2572. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02249j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A seabuckthorn based beverage matrix retains the functionality of L. rhamnosus GG and exhibits enhanced anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced inflammation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Sireswar
- School of Biotechnology
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology
- Deemed to be University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | | | - Gargi Dey
- School of Biotechnology
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology
- Deemed to be University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
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49
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Probiotic Propionibacterium freudenreichii requires SlpB protein to mitigate mucositis induced by chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2019; 10:7198-7219. [PMID: 31921383 PMCID: PMC6944450 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 (P. freudenreichii wild type, WT) is a probiotic bacterium, which exerts immunomodulatory effects. This strain possesses extractable surface proteins, including SlpB, which are involved in anti-inflammatory effect and in adhesion to epithelial cells. We decided to investigate the impact of slpB gene mutation on immunomodulation in vitro and in vivo. In an in vitro assay, P. freudenreichii WT reduced expression of IL-8 (p<0.0001) and TNF-α (p<0.0001) cytokines in LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells. P. freudenreichii ΔslpB, lacking the SlpB protein, failed to do so. Subsequently, both strains were investigated in vivo in a 5-FU-induced mucositis mice model. Mucositis is a common side effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy with 5-FU, characterized by mucosal injury, inflammation, diarrhea, and weight loss. The WT strain prevented weight loss, reduced inflammation and consequently histopathological scores. Furthermore, it regulated key markers, including Claudin-1 (cld1, p<0.0005) and IL-17a (Il17a, p<0.0001) genes, as well as IL-12 (p<0.0001) and IL-1β (p<0.0429) cytokines levels. Mutant strain displayed opposite regulatory effect on cld1 expression and on IL-12 levels. This work emphasizes the importance of SlpB in P. freudenreichii ability to reduce mucositis inflammation. It opens perspectives for the development of probiotic products to decrease side effects of chemotherapy using GRAS bacteria with immunomodulatory surface protein properties.
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50
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Qi SR, Cui YJ, Liu JX, Luo X, Wang HF. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG components, SLP, gDNA and CpG, exert protective effects on mouse macrophages upon lipopolysaccharide challenge. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 70:118-127. [PMID: 31782817 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) components (surface layer protein, SLP; genomic DNA, gDNA; unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine-containing oligodeoxynucleotide, CpG-ODN), alone or in combination, could affect immunomodulation, and evaluate the signalling mechanism in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LGG components were used to treat cells before LPS stimulation. Cytokine and Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathways were evaluated using immunoblots and immunofluorescence. SLP or SLP + gDNA pre-treatment significantly reduced the LPS-induced mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Pre-treatment with LGG single components (SLP, gDNA or CpG) or their combinations (SLP + gDNA or SLP + CpG) significantly decreased the LPS-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA level (P < 0·05). Pre-treatment with SLP or gDNA, alone or in combination, significantly suppressed LPS-induced TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA levels (P < 0·05). SLP pre-treatment also significantly decreased the LPS-induced expression of TLR9 (P < 0·05). Pre-treatment with LGG single components or combinations significantly suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation levels of ERK (P > 0·05). In conclusion, pre-incubation with LGG components, singly or in combination, generally inhibited the activation of TLR, MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways in LPS-stimulated cells, leading to attenuated inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 production. These results indicate that nonviable probiotic LGG components exert an anti-inflammation effect on epithelial cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is widely used as probiotics. However, its main components are not well known for affecting immunomodulation. This study investigated the effects of pre-treatments with different components such as surface layer protein, genomic DNA and unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine-containing oligodeoxynucleotides, alone or in combination on immunomodulation, and evaluated the signalling mechanism in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Pre-incubation with components alone or in combination generally inhibited the activation of Toll-like receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular regulated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B signalling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells, which generally leads to attenuated inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha production. These results indicate that nonviable probiotic LGG components exert an anti-inflammation effect on epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Y J Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - J X Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - H F Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China.,College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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