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Nam J, Richie CT, Harvey BK, Voutilainen MH. Delivery of CDNF by AAV-mediated gene transfer protects dopamine neurons and regulates ER stress and inflammation in an acute MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16487. [PMID: 39019902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and its close structural relative, mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), are proteins with neurotrophic properties. CDNF protects and restores the function of dopamine (DA) neurons in rodent and non-human primate (NHP) toxin models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and therefore shows promise as a drug candidate for disease-modifying treatment of PD. Moreover, CDNF was found to be safe and to have some therapeutic effects on PD patients in phase 1/2 clinical trials. However, the mechanism underlying the neurotrophic activity of CDNF is unknown. In this study, we delivered human CDNF (hCDNF) to the brain using an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector and demonstrated the neurotrophic effect of AAV-hCDNF in an acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. AAV-hCDNF resulted in the expression of hCDNF in the striatum (STR) and substantia nigra (SN), and no toxic effects on the nigrostriatal pathway were observed. Intrastriatal injection of AAV-hCDNF reduced motor impairment and partially alleviated gait dysfunction in the acute MPTP mouse model. In addition, gene therapy with AAV-hCDNF had significant neuroprotective effects on the nigrostriatal pathway and decreased the levels of interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) and complement 3 (C3) in glial cells in the acute MPTP mouse model. Moreover, AAV-hCDNF reduced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78) expression in astroglia. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of CDNF may be mediated at least in part through the regulation of neuroinflammation and the UPR pathway in a mouse MPTP model of PD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Nam
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher T Richie
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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2
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McAllister IL, Vijayasekaran S, McLenachan S, Bhikoo R, Chen FK, Zhang D, Kanagalingam E, Yu DY. Cytokine Levels in Experimental Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Treated With Either Bevacizumab or Triamcinolone Acetonide. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:13. [PMID: 38899953 PMCID: PMC11193067 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.6.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare gene expression changes following branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in the pig with and without bevacizumab (BEV) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Methods Photothrombotic BRVOs were created in both eyes of four groups of nine pigs (2, 6, 10, and 20 days). In each group, six pigs received intravitreal injections of BEV in one eye and TA in the fellow eye, with three pigs serving as untreated BRVO controls. Three untreated pigs served as healthy controls. Expression of mRNA of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), dystrophin (DMD), potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10 protein (Kir4.1, KCNJ10), aquaporin-4 (AQP4), stromal cell-derived factor-1α (CXCL12), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-8 (IL8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) were analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Retinal VEGF protein levels were characterized by immunohistochemistry. Results In untreated eyes, BRVO significantly increased expression of GFAP, IL8, CCL2, ICAM1, HSF1, and AQP4. Expression of VEGF, KCNJ10, and CXCL12 was significantly reduced by 6 days post-BRVO, with expression recovering to healthy control levels by day 20. Treatment with BEV or TA significantly increased VEGF, DMD, and IL6 expression compared with untreated BRVO eyes and suppressed BRVO-induced CCL2 and AQP4 upregulation, as well as recovery of KCNJ10 expression, at 10 to 20 days post-BRVO. Conclusions Inflammation and cellular osmohomeostasis rather than VEGF suppression appear to play important roles in BRVO-induced retinal neurodegeneration, enhanced in both BEV- and TA-treated retinas. Translational Relevance Inner retinal neurodegeneration seen in this acute model of BRVO appears to be mediated by inflammation and alterations in osmohomeostasis rather than VEGF inhibition, which may have implications for more specific treatment modalities in the acute phase of BRVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L. McAllister
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarojini Vijayasekaran
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Riyaz Bhikoo
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fred K. Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dan Zhang
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Kanagalingam
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dao-Yi Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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El-Shamarka MEA, Aboulthana WM, Omar NI, Mahfouz MM. Evaluation of the biological efficiency of Terminalia chebula fruit extract against neurochemical changes induced in brain of diabetic rats: an epigenetic study. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1439-1460. [PMID: 38329710 PMCID: PMC11006788 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and progressive metabolic disorder that can stimulate neuroinflammation and increase oxidative stress in the brain. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the efficacy of ethanolic Terminalia chebula extract against the neurochemical and histopathological changes induced in the brains of diabetic rats. The study clarified the reduction in oxidative stress induced in the brains of diabetic rats by the significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in levels of the antioxidants with decreasing the peroxidation products via ethanolic T. chebula extract at both doses (400 and 600 mg/kg). Moreover, T. chebula extract improved the brain integrity by lowering levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), β-amyloid (Aβ) content, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and acetylcholine esterase (ACHE) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in a dose dependent manner compared to brain of diabetic rats. Severe nuclear pyknosis and degeneration were noticed in neurons of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum in brains of diabetic rats. The severity of these alterations decreased with T. chebula extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg compared to the other treated groups. The different electrophoretic protein and isoenzyme assays revealed that the lowest similarity index (SI%) values exist in the brains of diabetic rats compared to the control group. The quantity of the most native proteins and isoenzyme types increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in the brains of diabetic rats, and these electrophoretic variations were completely diminished by T. chebula extract. The study concluded that T. chebula extract ameliorated the biochemical, histopathological and electrophoretic abnormalities induced in the brains of diabetic rats when administered at a dose of 600 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E A El-Shamarka
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, Medical Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael Mahmoud Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nagwa Ibrahim Omar
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Mahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibīn Al-Kawm, Egypt
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Ibork H, Idrissi SE, Zulu SS, Miller R, Hajji L, Morgan AM, Taghzouti K, Abboussi O. Effect of Cannabidiol in LPS-Induced Toxicity in Astrocytes: Possible Role for Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptors. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:615-626. [PMID: 37782433 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral metabolic abnormalities are common in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have shown that mitochondrial damage alters ATP production and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) release which may contribute to neurodegeneration. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component derived from marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.), on astrocytic bioenergetic balance in a primary cell culture model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurotoxicity. Astrocytic metabolic profiling using an extracellular flux analyzer demonstrated that CBD decreases mitochondrial proton leak, increased spare respiratory capacity and coupling efficiency in LPS-stimulated astrocytes. Simultaneously, CBD increased astrocytic glycolytic capacity and glycolysis reserve in a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1)-dependent manner. CBD-restored metabolic changes were correlated with a significant decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration and reduction of ROS production in LPS-stimulated astrocytes. These results suggest that CBD may inhibit LPS-induced metabolic impairments and inflammation by enhancing astrocytic metabolic glycolysis versus oxidative phosphorylation through its action on CB1 receptors. The present findings suggest CBD as a potential anti-inflammatory treatment in metabolic pathologies and highlight a possible role for the cannabinoidergic system in the modulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress. CBD enhances mitochondrial bioenergetic profile, attenuates proinflammatory cytokines release, and ROS overproduction of astrocytes stimulated by LPS. These effects are not mediated directly by CB1 receptors, while these receptors seem to have a key role in the anti-inflammatory response of the endocannabinoid system on astrocytes, as their specific inhibition by SR141716A led to increased pro-inflammatory cytokines release and ROS production. The graphical abstract is created with BioRender.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Ibork
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sara El Idrissi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Simo Siyanda Zulu
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Robert Miller
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lhoussain Hajji
- Bioactives, Health and Environmental Laboratory, Epigenetics Research Team, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | | | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Oualid Abboussi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
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Lei M, Jiang J, Wang M, Wu W, Zhang J, Liu W, Zhou W, Lai YC, Jiang TX, Widelitz RB, Harn HIC, Yang L, Chuong CM. Epidermal-dermal coupled spheroids are important for tissue pattern regeneration in reconstituted skin explant cultures. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:65. [PMID: 37996466 PMCID: PMC10667216 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue patterning is critical for the development and regeneration of organs. To advance the use of engineered reconstituted skin organs, we study cardinal features important for tissue patterning and hair regeneration. We find they spontaneously form spheroid configurations, with polarized epidermal cells coupled with dermal cells through a newly formed basement membrane. Functionally, the spheroid becomes competent morphogenetic units (CMU) that promote regeneration of tissue patterns. The emergence of new cell types and molecular interactions during CMU formation was analyzed using scRNA-sequencing. Surprisingly, in newborn skin explants, IFNr signaling can induce apical-basal polarity in epidermal cell aggregates. Dermal-Tgfb induces basement membrane formation. Meanwhile, VEGF signaling mediates dermal cell attachment to the epidermal cyst shell, thus forming a CMU. Adult mouse and human fetal scalp cells fail to form a CMU but can be restored by adding IFNr or VEGF to achieve hair regeneration. We find different multi-cellular configurations and molecular pathways are used to achieve morphogenetic competence in developing skin, wound-induced hair neogenesis, and reconstituted explant cultures. Thus, multiple paths can be used to achieve tissue patterning. These insights encourage more studies of "in vitro morphogenesis" which may provide novel strategies to enhance regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Wang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Wanqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yung-Chih Lai
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Randall B Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Hans I-Chen Harn
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Yang Y, Ma M, Shen L, An J, Kim E, Liu H, Jin M, Wang S, Zhang J, Kim JS, Yin C. A Fluorescent Probe for Investigating the Role of Biothiols in Signaling Pathways Associated with Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310408. [PMID: 37584948 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is intimately associated with the redox regulation of biothiol, a crucial antioxidant marker that precludes the onset of ROS. We designed a novel fluorescent probe, DCI-Ac-Py, showing various physicochemical properties, such as high selectivity, exceptional signal-to-noise ratio, near-infrared (NIR) optical window, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrability, for detecting biothiols in the brain. The picolinate serves as a specific recognition group that is rapidly activated by biothiol and undergoes nucleophilic substitution with the adjacent acrylic ester to yield the desired NIR probe. Additionally, the probe's lipid solubility is improved through the inclusion of halogen atoms, which aids in penetrating the BBB. Using DCI-Ac-Py, we investigated changes of biothiols in vivo in the brains of mice during CIRI. We found that biothiol-mediated NF-kB classical (P65-related) and nonclassical (RelB-related) pathways contribute to abundant ROS production induced by CIRI and that biothiols are involved in redox regulation. These findings provide new insights into the study of CIRI and shed light on the physiological and pathological mechanisms of biothiols in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jusung An
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Ming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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Alloush TK, Alloush AT, Abdelazeem Y, Shokri HM, Abdulghani KO, Elzoghby A. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a post-COVID-19 patient: did SARS-CoV-2 accelerate the neurodegeneration? THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023; 59:69. [PMID: 37251549 PMCID: PMC10201512 DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorder, with few months as a usual duration from onset to death. Case presentation In this case report, a patient of Sporadic CJD (sCJD) who presented one month after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The diagnosis of this case was established after confirming findings from clinical, neurophysiology, radiological, and laboratory features of this disease. Conclusion Putting in mind all the updated data on the pathogenesis of CJD and the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, we can suggest that COVID-19 can lead to accelerated pathogenesis and exaggerated manifestations of this fatal neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha K. Alloush
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel T. Alloush
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yaser Abdelazeem
- Departement of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Shokri
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled O. Abdulghani
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Helwan University School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elzoghby
- Departement of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Chen W, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li W, Sha L, Xia Y, Chen L. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy for epilepsy therapy: opportunities and obstacles. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103600. [PMID: 37119963 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy (EP) is a long-term neurological disorder characterized by neuroinflammatory responses, neuronal apoptosis, imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress in the brain. Autophagy is a process of cellular self-regulation to maintain normal physiological functions. Emerging evidence suggests that dysfunctional autophagy pathways in neurons are a potential mechanism underlying EP pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss current evidence and molecular mechanisms of autophagy dysregulation in EP and the probable function of autophagy in epileptogenesis. Moreover, we review the autophagy modulators reported for the treatment of EP models, and discuss the obstacles to, and opportunities for, the potential therapeutic applications of novel autophagy modulators as EP therapies. Teaser: Defective autophagy affects the onset and progression of epilepsy, and many anti-epileptic drugs have autophagy-modulating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanling Li
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Leihao Sha
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Shi Y, Zhang J, Luo K, Pan S, Shi H, Xiong L, Du S. The Roles of Iron and Ferroptosis in Human Chronic Diseases. Biochemistry 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent novel type of cell death, has been characterized as an excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species. A growing number of studies demonstrate that ferroptosis not only plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic diseases, but also functions differently in different diseases. As a double-edged sword, activation of ferroptosis could potently inhibit tumor growth and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy and immunotherapy in various cancer settings. Therefore, the development of more efficacious ferroptosis agonists or inhibitors remains the mainstay of ferroptosis-targeting strategy for cancer therapeutics or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases therapeutics.
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10
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Suresh S, Larson J, Jenrow KA. Chronic neuroinflammation impairs waste clearance in the rat brain. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1013808. [PMID: 36569282 PMCID: PMC9768431 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1013808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous reports have established an association between impaired clearance of macromolecular waste from the brain parenchyma and a variety of brain insults for which chronic neuroinflammation is a common pathological feature. Here we investigate whether chronic neuroinflammation is sufficient to impair macromolecular waste clearance from the rat brain. Methods Using a rodent model of chronic neuroinflammation induced by a single high-dose injection of lipopolysaccharide, the clearance kinetics of two fluorophore-conjugated dextran tracers were assayed at 8-weeks post-induction. The expression and distribution of amyloid β and aquaporin-4 proteins within selected brain regions were assayed at 36-weeks post-induction, following open-field, novel object recognition, and contextual fear conditioning assays. Results Chronic neuroinflammation significantly impaired the clearance kinetics of both dextran tracers and resulted in significantly elevated levels of amyloid β within the hippocampus. Aquaporin-4 density on astrocytic endfeet processes was also reduced within multiple brain regions. These pathologies were associated with significantly enhanced contextual fear memory. Conclusion Our results suggest that chronic neuroinflammation is sufficient to compromise the clearance of macromolecular waste from the brain parenchyma and may be the root cause of impaired waste clearance associated with a variety of brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Suresh
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Jacob Larson
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States,Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Kenneth Allen Jenrow
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States,Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Kenneth Allen Jenrow,
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11
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Cuervo-Zanatta D, Syeda T, Sánchez-Valle V, Irene-Fierro M, Torres-Aguilar P, Torres-Ramos MA, Shibayama-Salas M, Silva-Olivares A, Noriega LG, Torres N, Tovar AR, Ruminot I, Barros LF, García-Mena J, Perez-Cruz C. Dietary Fiber Modulates the Release of Gut Bacterial Products Preventing Cognitive Decline in an Alzheimer's Mouse Model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1595-1618. [PMID: 35953741 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fiber intake is associated with a lower risk for Alzheimer´s disease (AD) in older adults. Intake of plant-based diets rich in soluble fiber promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs: butyrate, acetate, propionate) by gut bacteria. Butyrate administration has antiinflammatory actions, but propionate promotes neuroinflammation. In AD patients, gut microbiota dysbiosis is a common feature even in the prodromal stages of the disease. It is unclear whether the neuroprotective effects of fiber intake rely on gut microbiota modifications and specific actions of SCFAs in brain cells. Here, we show that restoration of the gut microbiota dysbiosis through the intake of soluble fiber resulted in lower propionate and higher butyrate production, reduced astrocyte activation and improved cognitive function in 6-month-old male APP/PS1 mice. The neuroprotective effects were lost in antibiotic-treated mice. Moreover, propionate promoted higher glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in astrocytes, while butyrate induced a more quiescent metabolism. Therefore, fiber intake neuroprotective action depends on the modulation of butyrate/propionate production by gut bacteria. Our data further support and provide a mechanism to explain the beneficial effects of dietary interventions rich in soluble fiber to prevent dementia and AD. Fiber intake restored the concentration of propionate and butyrate by modulating the composition of gut microbiota in male transgenic (Tg) mice with Alzheimer´s disease. Gut dysbiosis was associated with intestinal damage and high propionate levels in control diet fed-Tg mice. Fiber-rich diet restored intestinal integrity and promoted the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria. Butyrate concentration was associated with better cognitive performance in fiber-fed Tg mice. A fiber-rich diet may prevent the development of a dysbiotic microbiome and the related cognitive dysfunction in people at risk of developing Alzheimer´s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cuervo-Zanatta
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de Mexico, 07360, México.,Laboratorio de Referencia y Soporte Para Genomas, Transcriptomas y Caracterización de Microbiomas, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de Mexico, 07360, México
| | - Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de Mexico, 07360, México
| | - Vicente Sánchez-Valle
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de Mexico, 07360, México
| | - Mariangel Irene-Fierro
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de Mexico, 07360, México
| | - Pablo Torres-Aguilar
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez (INNNMVS), Ciudad de Mexico, 14269, México
| | - Mónica Adriana Torres-Ramos
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez (INNNMVS), Ciudad de Mexico, 14269, México
| | - Mineko Shibayama-Salas
- Departmento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Av. IPN 2508, 07360, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Angélica Silva-Olivares
- Departmento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Av. IPN 2508, 07360, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición "Salvador Zubiran" (INCMNSZ), 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición "Salvador Zubiran" (INCMNSZ), 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición "Salvador Zubiran" (INCMNSZ), 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Iván Ruminot
- Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Centro de Estudios Científicos-CECs, Valdivia, Chile
| | - L Felipe Barros
- Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Centro de Estudios Científicos-CECs, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Laboratorio de Referencia y Soporte Para Genomas, Transcriptomas y Caracterización de Microbiomas, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de Mexico, 07360, México.
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de Mexico, 07360, México.
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12
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Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Nrf2-Dependent Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061146. [PMID: 35740042 PMCID: PMC9219619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) encompasses a chronic, irreversible, and predominantly immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that leads to axonal degeneration, neuronal death, and several neurological symptoms. Although various immune therapies have reduced relapse rates and the severity of symptoms in relapsing-remitting MS, there is still no cure for this devastating disease. In this brief review, we discuss the role of mitochondria dysfunction in the progression of MS, focused on the possible role of Nrf2 signaling in orchestrating the impairment of critical cellular and molecular aspects such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) management, under neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in MS. In this scenario, we propose a new potential downstream signaling of Nrf2 pathway, namely the opening of hemichannels and pannexons. These large-pore channels are known to modulate glial/neuronal function and ROS production as they are permeable to extracellular Ca2+ and release potentially harmful transmitters to the synaptic cleft. In this way, the Nrf2 dysfunction impairs not only the bioenergetics and metabolic properties of glial cells but also the proper antioxidant defense and energy supply that they provide to neurons.
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13
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Sun Y, Qi H. A comparison between the therapeutic effects of Conbercept combined with panretinal photocoagulation and panretinal photocoagulation monotherapy for high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1038757. [PMID: 36714571 PMCID: PMC9880417 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1038757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the therapeutic effects of the administration of intravitreal Conbercept (IVC) plus panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) to that of PRP monotherapy in patients with high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS In this retrospective consecutive case series, we analyzed the data on high-risk PDR patients followed up for 12 months. Patients were divided into two groups: the IVC+PRP group and the PRP monotherapy group. Patients in the IVC+PRP group were initially administered 3 IVC injections and PRP, while patients in the PRP monotherapy group received PRP only. Depending on the grouping criteria, patients in both groups were administered either IVC+PRP or PRP only if the neovascularization (NV) did not regress. From the initiation to month 12 of treatment, we recorded and compared the data on the NV regression rate, improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), laser spots, changes in central macular thickness (CMT), complications, and the need for vitrectomy for all patients. RESULTS In this study, 79 eyes of 58 patients in the IVC+PRP group and 86 eyes of 60 patients in the PRP monotherapy group were included. During the follow-up of 12 months, the number of eyes with complete regression, partial regression, and no regression or increase in NV were 56 (70.88%), 23 (29.12%), and 0 (0%) in the IVC+PRP group and 13 (15.12%), 50 (58.14%), and 23 (26.74%) in the PRP group (p < 0.001). The BCVA was significantly higher and CMT was lower in the patients of the IVC+PRP group than in the PRP monotherapy group at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up (p < 0.05). The mean number of laser spots was lower in the patients of the IVC+PRP group than in the PRP group (1,453 ± 87 spots vs. 2,267 ± 94 spots, p < 0.05). A significantly lower percentage of patients in the IVC+PRP group underwent vitrectomy than that in the PRP group (7 (8.86%) vs. 27 (31.40%), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION High-risk PDR patients treated with IVC + PRP showed a higher rate of NV regression, more effective improvement in the BCVA, and lower vitrectomy rate compared to those who were administered PRP monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huijun Qi,
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14
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Deng Z, Dong Y, Zhou X, Lu JH, Yue Z. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy for Alzheimer’s disease therapy: Opportunities and obstacles. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 12:1688-1706. [PMID: 35847516 PMCID: PMC9279633 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent and deleterious neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an irreversible and progressive impairment of cognitive abilities as well as the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. By far, the precise mechanisms of AD are not fully understood and no interventions are available to effectively slow down progression of the disease. Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway that is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis by targeting damaged organelles, pathogens, and disease-prone protein aggregates to lysosome for degradation. Emerging evidence suggests dysfunctional autophagy clearance pathway as a potential cellular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of AD in affected neurons. Here we summarize the current evidence for autophagy dysfunction in the pathophysiology of AD and discuss the role of autophagy in the regulation of AD-related protein degradation and neuroinflammation in neurons and glial cells. Finally, we review the autophagy modulators reported in the treatment of AD models and discuss the obstacles and opportunities for potential clinical application of the novel autophagy activators for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Corresponding authors.
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15
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Kumar RR, Singh L, Thakur A, Singh S, Kumar B. Role of Vitamins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:766-773. [PMID: 34802410 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211119122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamins are the micronutrients required for boosting the immune system and managing any future infection. Vitamins are involved in neurogenesis, a defense mechanism working in neurons, metabolic reactions, neuronal survival, and neuronal transmission. Their deficiency leads to abnormal functions in the brain like oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of proteins (synuclein, Aβ plaques), neurodegeneration, and excitotoxicity. METHODS In this review, we have compiled various reports collected from PubMed, Scholar Google, Research gate, and Science direct. The findings were evaluated, compiled, and represented in this manuscript. CONCLUSION The deficiency of vitamins in the body causes various neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and depression. We have discussed the role of vitamins in neurological disorders and the normal human body. Depression is linked to a deficiency of vitamin-C and vitamin B. In the case of Alzheimer's disease, there is a lack of vitamin-B1, B12, and vitamin-A, which results in Aβ-plaques. Similarly, in Parkinson's disease, vitamin-D deficiency leads to a decrease in the level of dopamine, and imbalance in vitamin D leads to accumulation of synuclein. In MS, Vitamin-C and Vitamin-D deficiency causes demyelination of neurons. In Huntington's disease, vitamin- C deficiency decreases the antioxidant level, enhances oxidative stress, and disrupts the glucose cycle. Vitamin B5 deficiency in Huntington's disease disrupts the synthesis of acetylcholine and hormones in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Ranjan Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab. India
| | - Lovekesh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab. India
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031. Taiwan
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab. India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab. India
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16
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Kumar M, Bansal N. A Revisit to Etiopathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:486-512. [PMID: 34792002 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666211118125233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a cluster of brain abnormalities that trigger progressive memory deficits and other cognitive abilities such as skills, language, or executive function. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the foremost type of age-associated dementia that involves progressive neurodegeneration accompanied by profound cognitive deficits in advanced stages that severely hamper social or occupational abilities with or without the involvement of any other psychiatric condition. The last two decades witnessed a sharp increase (~123%) in mortality due to AD type dementia, typically owing to a very low disclosure rate (~45%) and hence, the prophylactic, as well as the therapeutic cure of AD, has been a huge challenge. Although understanding of AD pathogenesis has witnessed a remarkable growth (e.g., tauopathy, oxidative stress, lipid transport, glucose uptake, apoptosis, synaptic dysfunction, inflammation, and immune system), still a dearth of an effective therapeutic agent in the management of AD prompts the quest for newer pharmacological targets in the purview of its growing epidemiological status. Most of the current therapeutic strategies focus on modulation of a single target, e.g., inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, glutamate excitotoxicity (memantine), or nootropics (piracetam), even though AD is a multifaceted neurological disorder. There is an impedance urgency to find not only symptomatic but effective disease-modifying therapies. The present review focuses on the risk / protective factors and pathogenic mechanisms involved in AD. In addition to the existing symptomatic therapeutic approach, a diverse array of possible targets linked to pathogenic cascades have been re-investigated to envisage the pharmacotherapeutic strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University (CBLU), Bhiwani, Haryana 127021. India
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17
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Trimebutine suppresses Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signaling pathways in macrophages. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 711:109029. [PMID: 34517011 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Because of the critical roles of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in the pathophysiology of various acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, continuous efforts have been made to discover novel therapeutic inhibitors of TLRs and RAGE to treat inflammatory disorders. A recent study by our group has demonstrated that trimebutine, a spasmolytic drug, suppresses the high mobility group box 1‒RAGE signaling that is associated with triggering proinflammatory signaling pathways in macrophages. Our present work showed that trimebutine suppresses interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a stimulant of TLR4)-stimulated macrophages of RAGE-knockout mice. In addition, trimebutine suppresses the LPS-induced production of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. Importantly, trimebutine suppresses IL-6 production induced by TLR2-and TLR7/8/9 stimulants. Furthermore, trimebutine greatly reduces mortality in a mouse model of LPS-induced sepsis. Studies exploring the action mechanism of trimebutine revealed that it inhibits the LPS-induced activation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), and the subsequent activations of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). These findings suggest that trimebutine exerts anti-inflammatory effects on TLR signaling by downregulating IRAK1‒ERK1/2‒JNK pathway and NF-κB activity, thereby indicating the therapeutic potential of trimebutine in inflammatory diseases. Therefore, trimebutine can be a novel anti-inflammatory drug-repositioning candidate and may provide an important scaffold for designing more effective dual anti-inflammatory drugs that target TLR/RAGE signaling.
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18
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Persons AL, Bradaric BD, Kelly LP, Kousik SM, Graves SM, Yamamoto BK, Napier TC. Gut and brain profiles that resemble pre-motor and early-stage Parkinson's disease in methamphetamine self-administering rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 225:108746. [PMID: 34098381 PMCID: PMC8483557 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methamphetamine is a potent psychomotor stimulant, and methamphetamine abusers are up to three times more likely to develop Parkinson's disease (PD) later in life. Prodromal PD may involve gut inflammation and the accumulation of toxic proteins that are transported from the enteric nervous system to the central nervous system to mediate, in part, the degeneration of dopaminergic projections. We hypothesized that self-administration of methamphetamine in rats produces a gut and brain profile that mirrors pre-motor and early-stage PD. METHODS Rats self-administered methamphetamine in daily 3 h sessions for two weeks. Motor function was assessed before self-administration, during self-administration and throughout the 56 days of forced abstinence. Assays for pathogenic markers (tyrosine hydroxylase, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), α-synuclein) were conducted on brain and gut tissue collected at one or 56 days after cessation of methamphetamine self-administration. RESULTS Motor deficits emerged by day 14 of forced abstinence and progressively worsened up to 56 days of forced abstinence. In the pre-motor stage, we observed increased immunoreactivity for GFAP and α-synuclein within the ganglia of the myenteric plexus in the distal colon. Increased α-synuclein was also observed in the substantia nigra pars compacta. At 56 days, GFAP and α-synuclein normalized in the gut, but the accumulation of nigral α-synuclein persisted, and the dorsolateral striatum exhibited a significant loss of tyrosine hydroxylase. CONCLUSION The pre-motor profile is consistent with gut inflammation and gut/brain α-synuclein accumulation associated with prodromal PD and the eventual development of the neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Persons
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Brinda D. Bradaric
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Health Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Leo P. Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Sharanya M. Kousik
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Steven M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Bryan K. Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - T. Celeste Napier
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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He P, Tang B, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Guo X, Wang D, She P, Xiao C. Effective Oxidation-Responsive Polyester Nanocarriers for Anti-Inflammatory Drug Delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5053-5064. [PMID: 34349508 PMCID: PMC8326227 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s311718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High levels of oxidants, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are typical characteristics of an inflammatory microenvironment and are closely associated with a various inflammatory pathologies, eg, cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs by oxidation-responsive smart systems would be an efficient anti-inflammatory strategy that benefits from the selective drug release in an inflammatory site, a lower treatment dose, and minimizes side effects. Purpose In this study, we present the feasibility of an oxidation-sensitive PEGylated alternating polyester, methoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(phthalic anhydride-alter-glycidyl propargyl ether) (mPEG-b-P(PA-alt-GPBAe)), as novel nanocarrier for curcumin (CUR), and explore the application in anti-inflammatory therapy. Methods The copolymers used were obtained by combining a click reaction and a ring-opening-polymerization method. CUR was loaded by self-assembly. The in vitro drug release, cytotoxicity toward RAW 264.7 cells and cellular uptake were investigated. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of CUR-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs-CUR) were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and tested in a murine model of ankle inflammation. Results Fast drug release from NPs-CUR was observed in trigger of 1 mM H2O2 in PBS. Compared with NPs and free drugs, the significant anti-inflammatory potential of NPs-CUR was proven in activated RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increasing the level of an anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Finally, a local injection of NPs-CUR at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg suppressed the acute ankle inflammatory response in mice by histological observation and further reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the affected ankle joints compared to that of free CUR. Conclusion Both the significant in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory results indicated that our oxidation responsive polymeric nanoparticles are promising drug delivery systems for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingtong Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng She
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, People's Republic of China.,Joint Surgery Department, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
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20
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Kirk R, He H, Wahome PG, Wu S, Carter GT, Bertin MJ. New Micropeptins with Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity Isolated from a Cyanobacterial Bloom. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15472-15478. [PMID: 34151125 PMCID: PMC8210450 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite mining of environmentally collected aquatic and marine microbiomes offers a platform for the discovery of new therapeutic lead molecules. Combining a prefractionated chromatography library with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based molecular networking and biological assays, we isolated and characterized two new micropeptins (1 and 2) along with the previously characterized micropeptin 996. These metabolites showed potency in anti-neuroinflammatory assays using BV-2 mouse microglial cells, showing a 50% reduction in inflammation in a range from 1 to 10 μM. These results show promise for cyanobacterial peptides in the therapeutic realm apart from their impact on environmental health and provide another example of the utility of large prefractionated natural product libraries for therapeutic hit and lead identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley
D. Kirk
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Haiyin He
- Biosortia
Pharmaceuticals Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Paul G. Wahome
- Biosortia
Pharmaceuticals Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - ShiBiao Wu
- Biosortia
Pharmaceuticals Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Guy T. Carter
- Biosortia
Pharmaceuticals Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Matthew J. Bertin
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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21
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Chiu YJ, Lin CH, Lee MC, Hsieh-Li HM, Chen CM, Wu YR, Chang KH, Lee-Chen GJ. Formulated Chinese medicine Shaoyao Gancao Tang reduces NLRP1 and NLRP3 in Alzheimer's disease cell and mouse models for neuroprotection and cognitive improvement. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15620-15637. [PMID: 34106880 PMCID: PMC8221334 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) plays a major role in the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The accumulation of misfolded Aβ causes oxidative stress and inflammatory damage leading to apoptotic cell death. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used in treating neurodegenerative diseases by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. We examined the neuroprotective effect of formulated CHM Shaoyao Gancao Tang (SG-Tang, made of Paeonia lactiflora and Glycyrrhiza uralensis at 1:1 ratio) in AD cell and mouse models. In Aβ-GFP SH-SY5Y cells, SG-Tang reduced Aβ aggregation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as improved neurite outgrowth. When the Aβ-GFP-expressing cells were stimulated with conditioned medium from interferon (IFN)-γ-activated HMC3 microglia, SG-Tang suppressed expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) and 3 (NLRP3), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, attenuated caspase-1 activity and ROS production, and promoted neurite outgrowth. In streptozocin-induced hyperglycemic APP/PS1/Tau triple transgenic (3×Tg-AD) mice, SG-Tang also reduced expressions of NLRP1, NLRP3, Aβ and Tau in hippocampus and cortex, as well as improved working and spatial memories in Y maze and Morris water maze. Collectively, our results demonstrate the potential of SG-Tang in treating AD by moderating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jen Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Lee
- Sun Ten Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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22
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Okazawa M, Oyama T, Abe H, Yamazaki H, Yoshimori A, Tsukimoto M, Yoshizawa K, Takao K, Sugita Y, Kamiya T, Uchiumi F, Sakagami H, Abe T, Tanuma SI. A 3-styrylchromone converted from trimebutine 3D pharmacophore possesses dual suppressive effects on RAGE and TLR4 signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 566:1-8. [PMID: 34111666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. We previously reported that trimebutine, a spasmolytic drug, suppresses RAGE pro-inflammatory signaling pathway in macrophages. The aim of this study was to convert trimebutine to a new small molecule using in silico 3D pharmacophore similarity search, and dissect the mechanistic anti-inflammatory basis. Of note, a unique 3-styrylchromone (3SC), 7-methoxy-3-trimethoxy-SC (7M3TMSC), converted from trimebutine 3D pharmacophore potently suppressed both high mobility group box 1-RAGE and lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 signaling pathways in macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. More importantly, 7M3TMSC inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and downregulated the production of cytokines, such as interleukin-6. Furthermore, 3D pharmacophore-activity relationship analyses revealed that the hydrogen bond acceptors of the trimethoxy groups in a 3-styryl moiety and the 7-methoxy-group in a chromone moiety in this compound are significant in the dual anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, 7M3TMSC may provide an important scaffold for the development of a new type of anti-inflammatory dual effective drugs targeting RAGE/TLR4-ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Okazawa
- Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oyama
- Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan; Hinoki Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0084, Japan
| | - Hideaki Abe
- Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan; Hinoki Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0084, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamazaki
- Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan; Hinoki Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0084, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshimori
- Institute for Theoretical Medicine Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazumi Yoshizawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Koichi Takao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sugita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Takanori Kamiya
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0084, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Fuculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Sakado, Saitama, 350-0283, Japan
| | - Takehiko Abe
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0084, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Tanuma
- Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
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23
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Tomas-Hernandez S, Blanco J, Garcia-Vallvé S, Pujadas G, Ojeda-Montes MJ, Gimeno A, Arola L, Minghetti L, Beltrán-Debón R, Mulero M. Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of the Grifola frondosa Natural Compound o-Orsellinaldehyde on LPS-Challenged Murine Primary Glial Cells. Roles of NF-κβ and MAPK. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:806. [PMID: 34071571 PMCID: PMC8229786 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to foreign or endogenous stimuli, both microglia and astrocytes adopt an activated phenotype that promotes the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. This inflammatory mechanism, known as neuroinflammation, is essential in the defense against foreign invasion and in normal tissue repair; nevertheless, when constantly activated, this process can become detrimental through the release of neurotoxic factors that amplify underlying disease. In consequence, this study presents the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of o-orsellinaldehyde, a natural compound found by an in silico approach in the Grifola frondosa mushroom, in astrocytes and microglia cells. For this purpose, primary microglia and astrocytes were isolated from mice brain and cultured in vitro. Subsequently, cells were exposed to LPS in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of this natural compound. Specifically, the results shown that o-orsellinaldehyde strongly inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory response in astrocytes and microglia by decreasing nitrite formation and downregulating iNOS and HO-1 expression. Furthermore, in microglia cells o-orsellinaldehyde inhibits NF-κB activation; and potently counteracts LPS-mediated p38 kinase and JNK phosphorylation (MAPK). In this regard, o-orsellinaldehyde treatment also induces a significant cell immunomodulation by repolarizing microglia toward the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Altogether, these results could partially explain the reported beneficial effects of G. frondosa extracts on inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tomas-Hernandez
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Research in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43202 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - María José Ojeda-Montes
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleix Gimeno
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08020 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Luisa Minghetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
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24
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Martinez NW, Gómez FE, Matus S. The Potential Role of Protein Kinase R as a Regulator of Age-Related Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:638208. [PMID: 33994991 PMCID: PMC8113420 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.638208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing evidence describing a decline in adaptive homeostasis in aging-related diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), many of which are characterized by the appearance of non-native protein aggregates. One signaling pathway that allows cell adaptation is the integrated stress response (ISR), which senses stress stimuli through four kinases. ISR activation promotes translational arrest through the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) and the induction of a gene expression program to restore cellular homeostasis. However, depending on the stimulus, ISR can also induce cell death. One of the ISR sensors is the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase R (PKR)], initially described as a viral infection sensor, and now a growing evidence supports a role for PKR on CNS physiology. PKR has been largely involved in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathological process. Here, we reviewed the antecedents supporting the role of PKR on the efficiency of synaptic transmission and cognition. Then, we review PKR’s contribution to AD and discuss the possible participation of PKR as a player in the neurodegenerative process involved in aging-related pathologies affecting the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás W Martinez
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Soledad Matus
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
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25
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Piatkowska-Chmiel I, Herbet M, Gawronska-Grzywacz M, Ostrowska-Lesko M, Dudka J. The Role of Molecular and Inflammatory Indicators in the Assessment of Cognitive Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3878. [PMID: 33918576 PMCID: PMC8069936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is the most vulnerable organ to glucose fluctuations, as well as inflammation. Considering that cognitive impairment might occur at the early stage of diabetes, it is very important to identify key markers of early neuronal dysfunction. Our overall goal was to identify neuroinflammatory and molecular indicators of early cognitive impairment in diabetic mice. To confirm cognitive impairment in diabetic mice, series of behavioral tests were conducted. The markers related to cognitive decline were classified into the following two groups: Neuroinflammatory markers: IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and genetic markers (Bdnf, Arc, Egr1) which were estimated in brain regions. Our studies showed a strong association between hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, neuroinflammation, and cognitive dysfunction in T2DM mice model. Cognitive impairment recorded in diabetes mice were associated not only with increased levels of cytokines but also decreased Arc and Egr1 mRNA expression level in brain regions associated with learning process and memory formation. The results of our research show that these indicators may be useful to test new forms of treatment of early cognitive dysfunction associated not only with diabetes but other diseases manifesting this type of disorders. The significant changes in Arc and Egr1 gene expression in early stage diabetes create opportunities it possible to use them to track the progression of CNS dysfunction and also to differential disease diagnosis running with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Piatkowska-Chmiel
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (M.G.-G.); (M.O.-L.); (J.D.)
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26
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Genovese G, Palombo M, Santin MD, Valette J, Ligneul C, Aigrot MS, Abdoulkader N, Langui D, Millecamps A, Baron-Van Evercooren A, Stankoff B, Lehericy S, Petiet A, Branzoli F. Inflammation-driven glial alterations in the cuprizone mouse model probed with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 11.7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4480. [PMID: 33480101 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation of brain tissue is a complex response of the immune system to the presence of toxic compounds or to cell injury, leading to a cascade of pathological processes that include glial cell activation. Noninvasive MRI markers of glial reactivity would be very useful for in vivo detection and monitoring of inflammation processes in the brain, as well as for evaluating the efficacy of personalized treatments. Due to their specific location in glial cells, myo-inositol (mIns) and choline compounds (tCho) seem to be the best candidates for probing glial-specific intra-cellular compartments. However, their concentrations quantified using conventional proton MRS are not specific for inflammation. In contrast, it has been recently suggested that mIns intra-cellular diffusion, measured using diffusion-weighted MRS (DW-MRS) in a mouse model of reactive astrocytes, could be a specific marker of astrocytic hypertrophy. In order to evaluate the specificity of both mIns and tCho diffusion to inflammation-driven glial alterations, we performed DW-MRS in a volume of interest containing the corpus callosum and surrounding tissue of cuprizone-fed mice after 6 weeks of intoxication, and evaluated the extent of astrocytic and microglial alterations using immunohistochemistry. Both mIns and tCho apparent diffusion coefficients were significantly elevated in cuprizone-fed mice compared with control mice, and histologic evaluation confirmed the presence of severe inflammation. Additionally, mIns and tCho diffusion showed, respectively, strong and moderate correlations with histological measures of astrocytic and microglial area fractions, confirming DW-MRS as a promising tool for specific detection of glial changes under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Genovese
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Marco Palombo
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mathieu D Santin
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, UMR9199, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clémence Ligneul
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marie-Stéphane Aigrot
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Core Facility ICM Quant, Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Paris, France
| | - Nasteho Abdoulkader
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
| | - Dominique Langui
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Core Facility ICM Quant, Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Bruno Stankoff
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehericy
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Petiet
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
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27
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Fernández A, Quintana E, Velasco P, Moreno-Jimenez B, de Andrés B, Gaspar ML, Liste I, Vilar M, Mira H, Cano E. Senescent accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mice as a model of age dependent neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:75. [PMID: 33736657 PMCID: PMC7977588 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and age-related diseases are strong risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation (NIF), as the brain's immune response, plays an important role in aged associated degeneration of central nervous system (CNS). There is a need for well characterized animal models that will allow the scientific community to understand and modulate this process. METHODS We have analyzed aging-phenotypical and inflammatory changes of brain myeloid cells (bMyC) in a senescent accelerated prone aged (SAMP8) mouse model, and compared with their senescence resistant control mice (SAMR1). We have performed morphometric methods to evaluate the architecture of cellular prolongations and determined the appearance of Iba1+ clustered cells with aging. To analyze specific constant brain areas, we have performed stereology measurements of Iba1+ cells in the hippocampal formation. We have isolated bMyC from brain parenchyma (BP) and choroid plexus plus meningeal membranes (m/Ch), and analyzed their response to systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven inflammation. RESULTS Aged 10 months old SAMP8 mice present many of the hallmarks of aging-dependent neuroinflammation when compared with their SAMR1 control, i.e., increase of protein aggregates, presence of Iba1+ clusters, but not an increase in the number of Iba1+ cells. We have further observed an increase of main inflammatory mediator IL-1β, and an augment of border MHCII+Iba1+ cells. Isolated CD45+ bMyC from brain parenchyma (BP) and choroid plexus plus meningeal membranes (m/Ch) have been analyzed, showing that there is not a significant increase of CD45+ cells from the periphery. Our data support that aged-driven pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) transcription is enhanced in CD45+BP cells. Furthermore, LPS-driven systemic inflammation produces inflammatory cytokines mainly in border bMyC, sensed to a lesser extent by the BP bMyC, showing that IL-1β expression is further augmented in aged SAMP8 compared to control SAMR1. CONCLUSION Our data validate the SAMP8 model to study age-associated neuroinflammatory events, but careful controls for age and strain are required. These animals show morphological changes in their bMyC cell repertoires associated to age, corresponding to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, which predispose the brain to an enhanced inflammatory response after LPS-systemic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Fernández
- Chronic Disease Programme, Neuroinflammation Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km.2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Quintana
- Chronic Disease Programme, Neuroinflammation Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km.2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Velasco
- Chronic Disease Programme, Neuroinflammation Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km.2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Moreno-Jimenez
- Chronic Disease Programme, Neuroinflammation Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km.2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Unidad de Inmunobiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Liste
- Chronic Disease Programme, Neuroinflammation Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km.2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marçal Vilar
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Cano
- Chronic Disease Programme, Neuroinflammation Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km.2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
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Leblhuber F, Ehrlich D, Steiner K, Geisler S, Fuchs D, Lanser L, Kurz K. The Immunopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease Is Related to the Composition of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:361. [PMID: 33504065 PMCID: PMC7912578 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Commensal and pathogenic enteric bacteria can influence brain and immune system function by the production of lipopolysaccharides and amyloid. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome induces local and consecutively systemic immune-mediated inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines then trigger neuroinflammation and finally neurodegeneration. Immune-mediated oxidative stress can lead to a deficiency of vitamins and essential micronutrients. Furthermore, the wrong composition of gut microbiota might impair the intake and metabolization of nutrients. In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) significant alterations of the gut microbiota have been demonstrated. Standard Western diet, infections, decreased physical activity and chronic stress impact the composition and diversity of gut microbiota. A higher abundancy of "pro-inflammatory" gut microbiota goes along with enhanced systemic inflammation and neuroinflammatory processes. Thus, AD beginning in the gut is closely related to the imbalance of gut microbiota. Modulation of gut microbiota by Mediterranean diet, probiotics and curcumin can slow down cognitive decline and alter the gut microbiome significantly. A multi-domain intervention approach addressing underlying causes of AD (inflammation, infections, metabolic alterations like insulin resistance and nutrient deficiency, stress) appears very promising to reduce or even reverse cognitive decline by exerting positive effects on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Leblhuber
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz A-4020, Austria; (F.L.); (D.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Daniela Ehrlich
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz A-4020, Austria; (F.L.); (D.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Kostja Steiner
- Department of Gerontology, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Clinic, Linz A-4020, Austria; (F.L.); (D.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Simon Geisler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; (S.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; (S.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Lukas Lanser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria;
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria;
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29
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Kirk RD, Picard K, Christian JA, Johnson SL, DeBoef B, Bertin MJ. Unnarmicin D, an Anti-inflammatory Cyanobacterial Metabolite with δ and μ Opioid Binding Activity Discovered via a Pipeline Approach Designed to Target Neurotherapeutics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4478-4488. [PMID: 33284578 PMCID: PMC7811748 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To combat the bottlenecks in drug discovery and development, a pipeline to identify neuropharmacological candidates using in silico, in vitro, and receptor specific assays was devised. The focus of this pipeline was to identify metabolites with the ability to reduce neuroinflammation, due to the implications that chronic neuroinflammation has in chronic pain and neurodegenerative diseases. A library of pure compounds isolated from the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium thiebautii was evaluated using this method. In silico analysis of drug likelihood and in vitro permeability analysis using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) highlighted multiple metabolites of interest from the library. Murine BV-2 microglia were used in conjunction with the Griess assay to determine if metabolites could reduce lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation followed by analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in the supernatant of the treated cell cultures. The nontoxic metabolite unnarmicin D was further evaluated due to its moderate permeability in the PAMPA assay, promising ADME data, modulation of all cytokines tested, and prediction as an opioid receptor ligand. Molecular modeling of unnarmicin D to the μ and δ opioid receptors showed strong theoretical binding potential to the μ opioid receptor. In vitro binding assays validated this pipeline showing low micromolar binding affinity for the μ opioid receptor launching the potential for further analysis of unnarmicin D derivatives for the treatment of pain and neuroinflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley D. Kirk
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Kassie Picard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Joseph A. Christian
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Shelby L. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Brenton DeBoef
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Matthew J. Bertin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
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Penna E, Pizzella A, Cimmino F, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Catapano A, Allocca I, Chun JT, Campanozzi A, Messina G, Precenzano F, Lanzara V, Messina A, Monda V, Monda M, Perrone-Capano C, Mollica MP, Crispino M. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Effect of High-Fat Diet on Synaptic Plasticity and Mitochondrial Functions. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110805. [PMID: 33142719 PMCID: PMC7694125 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) include diverse neuropathologies characterized by abnormal brain development leading to impaired cognition, communication and social skills. A common feature of NDDs is defective synaptic plasticity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are only partially known. Several studies have indicated that people’s lifestyles such as diet pattern and physical exercise have significant influence on synaptic plasticity of the brain. Indeed, it has been reported that a high-fat diet (HFD, with 30–50% fat content), which leads to systemic low-grade inflammation, has also a detrimental effect on synaptic efficiency. Interestingly, metabolic alterations associated with obesity in pregnant woman may represent a risk factor for NDDs in the offspring. In this review, we have discussed the potential molecular mechanisms linking the HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions to altered synaptic plasticity underlying NDDs, with a special emphasis on the roles played by synaptic protein synthesis and mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Amelia Pizzella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ivana Allocca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Jong Tai Chun
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angelo Campanozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Precenzano
- Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Valentina Lanzara
- Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679990; Fax: +39-081-679233
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
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Nakajima S, Ogawa N, Yokoue N, Tachibana H, Tamada K, Okazawa M, Sato A, Oyama T, Abe H, Kamiya T, Yoshimori A, Yoshizawa K, Inoue S, Yokomizo T, Uchiumi F, Abe T, Tanuma SI. Trimebutine attenuates high mobility group box 1-receptor for advanced glycation end-products inflammatory signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1155-1161. [PMID: 33041002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified papaverine as an inhibitor of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and showed its suppressive effect on high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-mediated responses to inflammation. Here, we found trimebutine to be a 3D pharmacophore mimetics of papaverine. Trimebutine was revealed to have more potent suppressive effects on HMGB1-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells and mouse bone marrow primarily differentiated macrophages than did papaverine. However, the inhibitory effect of trimebutine on the interaction of HMGB1 and RAGE was weaker than that of papaverine. Importantly, mechanism-of-action analyses revealed that trimebutine strongly inhibited the activation of RAGE downstream inflammatory signaling pathways, especially the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), which are mediator/effector kinases recruited to the intracellular domain of RAGE. Consequently, the activation of Jun amino terminal kinase, which is an important effector kinase for the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, was inhibited. Taken together, these results suggest that trimebutine may exert its suppressive effect on the HMGB1-RAGE inflammatory signal pathways by strongly blocking the recruitment of ERK1/2 to the intracellular tail domain of RAGE in addition to its weak inhibition of the extracellular interaction of HMGB1 with RAGE. Thus, trimebutine may provide a unique scaffold for the development of novel dual inhibitors of RAGE for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakajima
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ogawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Natsuki Yokoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Haruki Tachibana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kenya Tamada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Miwa Okazawa
- Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oyama
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0084, Japan
| | - Hideaki Abe
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0084, Japan
| | - Takanori Kamiya
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0084, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshimori
- Institute for Theoretical Medicine Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-0012, Japan
| | - Kazumi Yoshizawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Inoue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takehiko Abe
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0084, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Tanuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan; Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
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Young MJ, O'Hare M, Matiello M, Schmahmann JD. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a man with COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2-accelerated neurodegeneration? Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:601-603. [PMID: 32681865 PMCID: PMC7362815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a man whose first manifestations of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease occurred in tandem with symptomatic onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drawing from recent data on prion disease pathogenesis and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, we hypothesize that the cascade of systemic inflammatory mediators in response to the virus accelerated the pathogenesis of our patient's prion disease. This hypothesis introduces the potential relationship between immune responses to the novel coronavirus and the hastening of preclinical or manifest neurodegenerative disorders. The global prevalence of both COVID-19 and neurodegenerative disorders adds urgency to the study of this potential relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Young
- Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge Street, Suite 300, Boston, MA 02114, United States
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Agrawal RR, Montesinos J, Larrea D, Area-Gomez E, Pera M. The silence of the fats: A MAM's story about Alzheimer. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105062. [PMID: 32866617 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of contact sites was a breakthrough in cell biology. We have learned that an organelle cannot function in isolation, and that many cellular functions depend on communication between two or more organelles. One such contact site results from the close apposition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, known as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). These intracellular lipid rafts serve as hubs for the regulation of cellular lipid and calcium homeostasis, and a growing body of evidence indicates that MAM domains modulate cellular function in both health and disease. Indeed, MAM dysfunction has been described as a key event in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. Our most recent work shows that, by means of its affinity for cholesterol, APP-C99 accumulates in MAM domains of the ER and induces the uptake of extracellular cholesterol as well as its trafficking from the plasma membrane to the ER. As a result, MAM functionality becomes chronically upregulated while undergoing continual turnover. The goal of this review is to discuss the consequences of C99 elevation in AD, specifically the upregulation of cholesterol trafficking and MAM activity, which abrogate cellular lipid homeostasis and disrupt the lipid composition of cellular membranes. Overall, we present a novel framework for AD pathogenesis that can be linked to the many complex alterations that occur during disease progression, and that may open a door to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Agrawal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Marta Pera
- Departament of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina I Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195, Spain.
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Role of CGRP in Neuroimmune Interaction via NF-κB Signaling Genes in Glial Cells of Trigeminal Ganglia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176005. [PMID: 32825453 PMCID: PMC7503816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the trigeminal system causes the release of various neuropeptides, cytokines, and other immune mediators. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is a potent algogenic mediator, is expressed in the peripheral sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglion (TG). It affects the inflammatory responses and pain sensitivity by modulating the activity of glial cells. The primary aim of this study was to use array analysis to investigate the effect of CGRP on the glial cells of TG in regulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling genes and to further check if CGRP in the TG can affect neuron-glia activation in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. The glial cells of TG were stimulated with CGRP or Minocycline (Min) + CGRP. The effect on various genes involved in NF-κB signaling pathway was analyzed compared to no treatment control condition using a PCR array analysis. CGRP, Min + CGRP or saline was directly injected inside the TG and the effect on gene expression of Egr1, Myd88 and Akt1 and protein expression of cleaved Caspase3 (cleav Casp3) in the TG, and c-Fos and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the spinal section containing trigeminal nucleus caudalis was analyzed. Results showed that CGRP stimulation resulted in the modulation of several genes involved in the interleukin 1 signaling pathway and some genes of the tumor necrosis factor pathway. Minocycline pre-treatment resulted in the modulation of several genes in the glial cells, including anti-inflammatory genes, and neuronal activation markers. A mild increase in cleav Casp3 expression in TG and c-Fos and GFAP in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of CGRP injected animals was observed. These data provide evidence that glial cells can participate in neuroimmune interaction due to CGRP in the TG via NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Rahman MS, Behl T, Jeandet P, Ashraf GM, Najda A, Bin-Jumah MN, El-Seedi HR, Abdel-Daim MM. Revisiting the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis: From Anti-Aβ Therapeutics to Auspicious New Ways for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165858. [PMID: 32824102 PMCID: PMC7461598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder related to age, characterized by the cerebral deposition of fibrils, which are made from the amyloid-β (Aβ), a peptide of 40–42 amino acids. The conversion of Aβ into neurotoxic oligomeric, fibrillar, and protofibrillar assemblies is supposed to be the main pathological event in AD. After Aβ accumulation, the clinical symptoms fall out predominantly due to the deficient brain clearance of the peptide. For several years, researchers have attempted to decline the Aβ monomer, oligomer, and aggregate levels, as well as plaques, employing agents that facilitate the reduction of Aβ and antagonize Aβ aggregation, or raise Aβ clearance from brain. Unluckily, broad clinical trials with mild to moderate AD participants have shown that these approaches were unsuccessful. Several clinical trials are running involving patients whose disease is at an early stage, but the preliminary outcomes are not clinically impressive. Many studies have been conducted against oligomers of Aβ which are the utmost neurotoxic molecular species. Trials with monoclonal antibodies directed against Aβ oligomers have exhibited exciting findings. Nevertheless, Aβ oligomers maintain equivalent states in both monomeric and aggregation forms; so, previously administered drugs that precisely decrease Aβ monomer or Aβ plaques ought to have displayed valuable clinical benefits. In this article, Aβ-based therapeutic strategies are discussed and several promising new ways to fight against AD are appraised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-171-022-0110
| | - Md. Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Laboratory of Quality of Vegetables and Medicinal Plants, Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - May N. Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32512, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Pera M, Montesinos J, Larrea D, Agrawal RR, Velasco KR, Stavrovskaya IG, Yun TD, Area-Gomez E. MAM and C99, key players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 154:235-278. [PMID: 32739006 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inter-organelle communication is a rapidly-expanding field that has transformed our understanding of cell biology and pathology. Organelle-organelle contact sites can generate transient functional domains that act as enzymatic hubs involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism and intracellular signaling. One of these hubs is located in areas of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) connected to mitochondria, called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAM). These MAM are transient lipid rafts intimately involved in cholesterol and phospholipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial function and dynamics. In addition, γ-secretase-mediated proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein 99-aa C-terminal fragment (C99) to form amyloid β also occurs at the MAM. Our most recent data indicates that in Alzheimer's disease, increases in uncleaved C99 levels at the MAM provoke the upregulation of MAM-resident functions, resulting in the loss of lipid homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we discuss the relevance of these findings in the field, and the contribution of C99 and MAM dysfunction to Alzheimer's disease neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pera
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rishi R Agrawal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin R Velasco
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Irina G Stavrovskaya
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Taekyung D Yun
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
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Varas R, Ortiz FC. Neuroinflammation in Demyelinating Diseases: Oxidative Stress as a Modulator of Glial Cross-Talk. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4755-4762. [PMID: 31840603 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191216125725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Myelin is a specialized membrane allowing for saltatory conduction of action potentials in neurons, an essential process to achieve the normal communication across the nervous system. Accordingly, in diseases characterized by the loss of myelin and myelin forming cells -oligodendrocytes in the CNS-, patients show severe neurological disabilities. After a demyelinated insult, microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells invade the lesioned area initiating a spontaneous process of myelin repair (i.e. remyelination). A preserved hallmark of this neuroinflammatory scenario is a local increase of oxidative stress, where several cytokines and chemokines are released by glial and other cells. This generates an environment that determines cell interaction resulting in oligodendrocyte maturity and the ability to synthesize new myelin. Herein we review the main features of the regulatory aspect of these molecules based on recent findings and propose new putative signal molecules involved in the remyelination process, focused in the etiology of Multiple Sclerosis, one of the main demyelinating diseases causing disabilities in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Varas
- Mechanisms of Myelin Formation and Repair Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando C Ortiz
- Mechanisms of Myelin Formation and Repair Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Tewari D, Mamun AA, Mathew B, Aleya L, Barreto GE, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM, Ashraf GM. Revisiting the role of brain and peripheral Aβ in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2020; 416:116974. [PMID: 32559516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is an intricate molecule that interacts with several biomolecules and/or produces insoluble assemblies and eventually the nonphysiological depositions of its alternate with normal neuronal conditions leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is formed through the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Significant efforts are being made to explore the exact role of Aβ in AD pathogenesis. It is believed that the deposition of Aβ in the brain takes place from Aβ components which are derived from the brain itself. However, recent evidence suggests that Aβ derived also from the periphery and hence the Aβ circulating in the blood is capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the role of Aβ derived from the periphery is largely unknown so far. Therefore, Aβ origin determination and the underlying mechanisms of its pathological effects are of considerable interest in exploring effective therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this review is to provide a novel insight into AD pathogenesis based on Aβ in both the brain and periphery and highlight new therapeutic avenues to combat AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Chen J, Yang X, Fang X, Wang F, Min J. [The role of ferroptosis in chronic diseases]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:44-57. [PMID: 32621416 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.02.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent novel type of cell death, has been characterized as an excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species. Emerging studies demonstrate that ferroptosis not only plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic diseases, but also functions differently in the different disease context. Notably, it is shown that activation of ferroptosis could potently inhibit tumor growth and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy and immunotherapy in various cancer settings. As a result, the development of more efficacious ferroptosis agonists remains the mainstay of ferroptosis-targeting strategy for cancer therapeutics. By contrast, in non-cancerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular & cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, ferroptosis functions as a risk factor to promote these diseases progression through triggering or accelerating tissue injury. As a matter of fact, blocking ferroptosis has been demonstrated to effectively prevent ischemia-reperfusion heart disease in preclinical animal models. Therefore, it is a promising field to develope potent ferroptosis inhibitors for preventing and treating cardiovascular & cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we summarize the most recent progress on ferroptosis in chronic diseases, and draw attention to the possible clinical impact of this recently emerged ferroptosis modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuexian Fang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junxia Min
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Kongsui R, Sriraksa N, Thongrong S. The Neuroprotective Effect of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Extract on LPS-Induced Neuronal Cell Loss and Astroglial Activation within the Hippocampus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4259316. [PMID: 32596307 PMCID: PMC7273477 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4259316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been recognized to induce neuroinflammation which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the protective effect of Zingiber cassumunar (Z. cassumunar) or Phlai (in Thai) against LPS-induced neuronal cell loss and the upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) of astrocytes in the hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats were orally administered with Z. cassumunar extract at various doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days before a single injection of LPS (250 μg/kg/i.p.). The results indicated that LPS-treated animals exhibited neuronal cell loss and the activation of astrocytes and also increased proinflammatory cytokine interleukin- (IL-) 1β in the hippocampus. Pretreatment with Z. cassumunar markedly reduced neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus. In addition, Z. cassumunar extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW significantly suppressed the inflammatory response by reducing the expression of GFAP and IL-1ß in the hippocampus. Therefore, the results suggested that Z. cassumunar extract might be valuable as a neuroprotective agent in neuroinflammation-induced brain damage. However, further investigations are essential to validate the possible active ingredients and mechanisms of its neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaniporn Kongsui
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Napatr Sriraksa
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Sitthisak Thongrong
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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Fanoudi S, Alavi MS, Karimi G, Hosseinzadeh H. Milk thistle ( Silybum Marianum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a review. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 43:240-254. [PMID: 30033764 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1485687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological and chemical agents cause dangerous effects on human health via different exposing ways. Recently, herbal medicine is considered as a biological and safe treatment for toxicities. Silybum marianum (milk thistle), belongs to the Asteraceae family, possesses different effects such as hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Several studies have demonstrated that this plant has protective properties against toxic agents. Herein, the protective effects of S. marianum and its main component, silymarin, which is the mixture of flavonolignans including silibinin, silydianin and silychristin acts against different biological (mycotoxins, snake venoms, and bacterial toxins) and chemical (metals, fluoride, pesticides, cardiotoxic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic agents) poisons have been summarized. This review reveals that main protective effects of milk thistle and its components are attributed to radical scavenging, anti-oxidative, chelating, anti-apoptotic properties, and regulating the inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
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Kim JH, Afridi R, Lee WH, Suk K. Proteomic examination of the neuroglial secretome: lessons for the clinic. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:207-220. [PMID: 32187501 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1745069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Glial cells are closely associated with neurons located throughout the nervous system and regulate neuronal activity and function through various mechanisms including the secretion of proteins and other signaling molecules. Glia-secreted proteins play crucial roles in modulating neuronal function in physiological and pathological conditions. Aberrant activation of glial cells leading to neuroinflammation is a common phenomenon observed in various neurological disorders. Aberrantly activated glial cells secrete proteins in disease-specific manner and can be exploited as a repository for novel biomarker discovery.Areas covered: In this review, we describe the recent advances in proteomic techniques, highlighting the need for their application to the secretomic field. Studies regarding the secretome profile of glial cells published within the last 5 years are discussed in detail. The use of glia-based biomarkers in various neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases is also discussed.Expert opinion: Precise diagnosis and timely treatment of neurological disorders remains a challenge and glia-focused research to identify specific biomarkers appears to be a promising approach to combat these disorders. Recent technological advancement in proteomic research would open new frontiers for more rigorous analysis of glial secretome variations over time and the discovery/development of novel biomarkers for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Wu KC, Lee CY, Chou FY, Chern Y, Lin CJ. Deletion of equilibrative nucleoside transporter-2 protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:59-71. [PMID: 31751618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common pathological feature of many brain diseases and is a key mediator of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and neuropathogenesis. Adenosine is an endogenous immunomodulator, whose brain extracellular level is tightly controlled by equilibrative nucleoside transporters-1 (ENT1) and ENT2. This study was aimed to investigate the role of ENTs in the modulation of neuroinflammation and BBB function. The results showed that mRNA level of Ent2 was significantly more abundant than that of Ent1 in the brain (hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum, midbrain, and cerebellum) of wild-type (WT) mice. Ent2-/- mice displayed higher extracellular adenosine level in the hippocampus than their littermate controls. Repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment induced microglia activation, astrogliosis and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, along with aberrant BBB phenotypes (including reduced tight junction protein expression, pericyte loss, and immunoglobulin G extravasation) and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of WT mice. Notably, Ent2-/- mice displayed significant resistance to LPS-induced neuroinflammation, BBB breakdown, and neurotoxicity. These findings suggest that Ent2 is critical for the modulation of brain adenosine tone and deletion of Ent2 confers protection against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neurovascular-associated injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Chou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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44
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Johnson PH, Weinreb NJ, Cloyd JC, Tuite PJ, Kartha RV. GBA1 mutations: Prospects for exosomal biomarkers in α-synuclein pathologies. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:35-46. [PMID: 31761523 PMCID: PMC7002237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that patients with Gaucher Disease (GD), a rare lysosomal storage disorder, were developing symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease (PD) led to investigation of the relationship between the two seemingly unrelated pathologies. GD, an autosomal recessive disorder, is the result of a biallelic mutation in the gene GBA1, which encodes for the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Since the observation of its relation to PD, GBA1 mutations have become recognized as the most common genetic risk factor for development of synucleinopathies such as PD and dementia with Lewy bodies. Although the exact mechanism by which GBA1 mutations promote PD is unknown, current understanding suggests that impaired GCase inhibits lysosomal activity and decreases the overall ability of the cell to degrade proteins, specifically the neuronal protein α-synuclein. Decreased elimination of α-synuclein can lead to its abnormal accumulation and aggregation, an important component of PD development. Further understanding of how decreased GCase activity increases risk for α-synuclein pathology can assist with the development of clinical biomarkers for early detection of synucleinopathies, as well as promote novel treatments tailored for people with a GBA1 mutation. Historically, α-synuclein has not been a reliable biomarker for PD. However, recent research on α-synuclein content within exosomes, which are small vesicles released by cells that carry specific cellular cargo, has yielded encouraging results. Moreover, decreased GCase activity has been shown to influence exosomal contents. Exosomes have emerged as a promising new avenue for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets aimed at improving neuronal GCase function and limiting the development of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker H Johnson
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Neal J Weinreb
- Department of Human Genetics and Medicine (Hematology), Leonard Miller School of Medicine of University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - James C Cloyd
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Paul J Tuite
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Reena V Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
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Oxycodone suppresses the lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation by downregulating nuclear factor-κB in hippocampal astrocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats. Neuroreport 2020; 31:99-108. [PMID: 31895751 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common pathogenic mechanism in several neurodegenerative diseases, and glial cells are the primary inflammatory mediators of the central nervous system (CNS). Acute neuronal injury, infection, and chronic neurodegeneration may induce astrocyte activation, which is a response characterized by hyperproliferation and release of multiple inflammatory signaling factors. The opioid analgesic oxycodone has demonstrated anti-inflammatory efficacy in peripheral tissue, but its effects on the CNS have not been studied. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of oxycodone on astrocyte activation and proinflammatory mediator production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results showed that oxycodone (5-20 μg/ml) dose-dependently inhibited the LPS-induced astrocytosis, as measured by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and bromodeoxyuridine assays, as well as the overexpression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, which are two hallmarks of reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Oxycodone also decreased both the mRNA and protein expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β. Besides, oxycodone increased the expression of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) endogenous inhibitor IκB-α, and blocked NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of oxycodone on rat astrocytes increased with pretreatment duration. These results suggest that oxycodone can suppress neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling in astrocytes. Targeting the astrocytic NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response may be an effective therapeutic strategy against diseases involving neuroinflammatory damage.
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The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a marker of peripheral inflammation in progressive supranuclear palsy: a retrospective study. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1233-1237. [PMID: 31901125 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To evaluate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels in the peripheral blood of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and to compare them with levels in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls. METHODS Twenty-one patients with probable PSP, 42 with PD, and 40 age-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Demographic data and duration of disease, comorbid systemic disease, and smoking status were recorded. NLR was calculated by dividing neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count. RESULTS The mean age of patients with PSP was 68.28 ± 8.7 years and the mean duration of disease was 5.09 ± 2.52 years. The mean age in PD group was 66.59 ± 9.54 years and 65.05 ± 6.52 years in the healthy volunteer group. There were no significant differences in ages between the PSP group and the other two groups (p = 0.498; p = 0.107, respectively). The PSP group consisted of four female and 17 male patients. The PD group comprised 19 female and 23 male patients. There were 18 female and 2 male in the healthy volunteer group. The mean NLR value in the PSP group was significantly higher than in the PD group and healthy controls (p = 0.023; p = 0.001, respectively). The mean NLR value in the PD group was not significantly different from the healthy controls (p = 0.593). CONCLUSION NLR values were found higher in the PSP group. The result of this study revealed the existence of peripheral inflammation in patients with PSP.
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Farkhondeh T, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Ashrafizadeh M, Folgado SL, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Khazdair MR, Samarghandian S. Green tea catechins inhibit microglial activation which prevents the development of neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1792-1798. [PMID: 32246619 PMCID: PMC7513986 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The over-activated microglial cells induce neuroinflammation which has the main role in neurological disorders. The over-activated microglia can disturb neuronal function by releasing inflammatory mediators leading to neuronal dysfunctions and death. Thus, inhibition of over-activated microglia may be an effective therapeutic approach for modulating neuroinflammation. Experimental studies have indicated anti-neuroinflammatory effects of flavonoids such as green tea catechins. The current research was aimed to review the effect of green tea catechins in inhibiting microglial cells, inflammatory cascades, and subsequent neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Silvia Llorens Folgado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Dukay B, Csoboz B, Tóth ME. Heat-Shock Proteins in Neuroinflammation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:920. [PMID: 31507418 PMCID: PMC6718606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat-shock response, one of the main pro-survival mechanisms of a living organism, has evolved as the biochemical response of cells to cope with heat stress. The most well-characterized aspect of the heat-shock response is the accumulation of a conserved set of proteins termed heat-shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs are key players in protein homeostasis acting as chaperones by aiding the folding and assembly of nascent proteins and protecting against protein aggregation. HSPs have been associated with neurological diseases in the context of their chaperone activity, as they were found to suppress the aggregation of misfolded toxic proteins. In recent times, HSPs have proven to have functions apart from the classical molecular chaperoning in that they play a role in a wider scale of neurological disorders by modulating neuronal survival, inflammation, and disease-specific signaling processes. HSPs are gaining importance based on their ability to fine-tune inflammation and act as immune modulators in various bodily fluids. However, their effect on neuroinflammation processes is not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize the role of neuroinflammation in acute and chronic pathological conditions affecting the brain. Moreover, we seek to explore the existing literature on HSP-mediated inflammatory function within the central nervous system and compare the function of these proteins when they are localized intracellularly compared to being present in the extracellular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Dukay
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Csoboz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda E Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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Zhong X, Liu M, Yao W, Du K, He M, Jin X, Jiao L, Ma G, Wei B, Wei M. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Attenuates Microglial Inflammation and Neurotoxicity by Suppressing the Activation of Canonical and Noncanonical Inflammasome via TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801230. [PMID: 31374144 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE In this study, it has been investigated whether the neuroprotective efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is mediated by inhibition of canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB pathway both in LPS+Aβ-induced microglia in vitro and in APP/PS1 mice in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS In BV2 cells, EGCG inhibits the expressions of Iba-1, cleaved IL-1β, and cleaved IL-18 induced by LPS+Aβ. Then, the supernatants are used to treat SH-SY5Y cells, and EGCG treatment significantly recovers the neurotoxicity from LPS+Aβ-induced microglial conditioned media. Subsequently, it has been found that EGCG reduces the microglial expressions of caspase-1 p20, NLRP3, and caspase-11 p26. Furthermore, the expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), p-IKK/IKK, and p-NF-κB/NF-κB were decreased after EGCG treatment. As expected, when a caspase-1 specific inhibitor Z-YVAD-FMK, and an IKK and caspase-11 inhibitor wedelolactone are used for blocking, Z-YVAD-FMK and wedelolactone exacerbate the inhibitory efficacy than using EGCG alone. Finally, consistent with the results obtained in BV2 cells, EGCG treatment reduces microglial inflammation and neurotoxicity by suppressing the activation of canonical NLRP3 and noncanonical caspase-11-dependent inflammasome via TLR4/NF-κB pathway in LPS+Aβ-induced rat primary microglia and hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION EGCG attenuates microglial inflammation and neurotoxicity by inhibition of canonical NLRP3 and noncanonical caspase-11-dependent inflammasome activation via TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Weifan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Miao He
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Linchi Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Guowei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Binbin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, 110122, China
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Gao F, Jing Y, Zang P, Hu X, Gu C, Wu R, Chai B, Zhang Y. Vascular Cognitive Impairment Caused by Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Is Associated with the TLR4 in the Hippocampus. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 70:563-572. [PMID: 31256136 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Gao
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yuhong Jing
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Peixi Zang
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Cheng Gu
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Ruipeng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Bingyan Chai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
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