1
|
Tumayhi M, Banji D, Khardali I, Banji OJF, Alshahrani S, Alqahtani SS, Muqri S, Abdullah A, Sherwani W, Attafi I. Amphetamine-Related Fatalities and Altered Brain Chemicals: A Preliminary Investigation Using the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database. Molecules 2023; 28:4787. [PMID: 37375342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphetamine is a psychostimulant drug with a high risk of toxicity and death when misused. Abuse of amphetamines is associated with an altered organic profile, which includes omega fatty acids. Low omega fatty acid levels are linked to mental disorders. Using the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database (CTD), we investigated the chemical profile of the brain in amphetamine-related fatalities and the possibility of neurotoxicity. We classified amphetamine cases as low (0-0.5 g/mL), medium (>0.5 to 1.5 g/mL), and high (>1.5 g/mL), based on amphetamine levels in brain samples. All three groups shared 1-octadecene, 1-tridecene, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosane, and oleylamide. We identified chemical-disease associations using the CTD tools and predicted an association between DHA, AA and curated conditions like autistic disorder, disorders related to cocaine, Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive dysfunction. An amphetamine challenge may cause neurotoxicity in the human brain due to a decrease in omega-3 fatty acids and an increase in oxidative products. Therefore, in cases of amphetamine toxicity, a supplement therapy may be needed to prevent omega-3 fatty acid deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murad Tumayhi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Banji
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Khardali
- Forensic Toxicology Services, Forensic Medical Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Otilia J F Banji
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad S Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safiah Muqri
- Forensic Toxicology Services, Forensic Medical Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Abdullah
- Forensic Toxicology Services, Forensic Medical Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wedad Sherwani
- Forensic Toxicology Services, Forensic Medical Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem Attafi
- Forensic Toxicology Services, Forensic Medical Center, Ministry of Health, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bahadorpour S, Hajhashemy Z, Mohammadi S, Mokhtari E, Heidari Z, Saneei P. Total fat and omega-3 fatty acids intake in relation to serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and psychological disorders in Iranian adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5392. [PMID: 37012351 PMCID: PMC10068220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering contradictory findings of previous investigations and growing prevalence of psychological disorders, we investigated association between dietary total fat and omega-3 fatty acids intake with serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, depression, anxiety and psychological distress in Iranian adults. Using a multistage cluster random sampling method, 533 middle-aged adults were included in this cross-sectional study. A validated semi-quantitative 168-item food frequency questionnaire was used to examine dietary intakes. A 12-h fasting blood sample was drawn to measure serum BDNF. Serum BDNF values in the first decile were considered low level. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used to assess depression, anxiety and psychological distress. A U-shaped relationship between fat intake and prevalence of anxiety and distress was found. The third quartile of fat intake compared to the first quartile was significantly related to 80% decreased odds of depression (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.80), in fully-adjusted model. Participants in the third quartile of fat intake compared to those in the first quartile had significantly 45% lower odds for distress, in the crude model (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.33-0.92); however, this association disappeared after considering confounders. There was no significant association between omega-3 fatty acids intake and odds of depression, anxiety or distress. Prevalence of low-BDNF values was higher in participants with depression, as compared to non-depressed subjects (14.9 vs. 9%; P = 0.06). This cross-sectional study illustrated a U-shaped relationship between fat intake and prevalence of anxiety and distress. Moderate intake of fat was related to lower odds of depression. Prevalence of low-BDNF values was slightly higher in subjects with depression compared to non-depressed individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Bahadorpour
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sobhan Mohammadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elahe Mokhtari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saxena K, Kurian S, Kumar R, Arnold LE, Simkin DR. Mood Disorders in Youth: Complementary and Integrative Medicine. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2023; 32:367-394. [PMID: 37147043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics, vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and L-methyl folate, broad-spectrum micronutrients, N-acetylcysteine, physical activity, herbs, bright light therapy, melatonin, saffron, meditation, school-based interventions, and transcranial photobiomodulation are reviewed, with a focus on their use for treating mood disorders in children and adolescents. For each treatment, all published randomized controlled trials are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Saxena
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, 8080 North Stadium Drive, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Sherin Kurian
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, 8080 North Stadium Drive, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Reena Kumar
- Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona, 655 N Alvernon Way, Suite 120, Tuscon, AZ 85711, USA
| | - L Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 395E McCampbell Hall, 1581 Dodd Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deborah R Simkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, 8955 Highway 98 West, Suite 204, Miramar Beach, FL 32550, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Consumption of Omega-3 and Maintenance and Incidence of Depressive Episodes: The ELSA-Brasil Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153227. [PMID: 35956403 PMCID: PMC9370473 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression affects 264 million persons in the world, accounting for some 4.3% of the global burden of disease. Current studies indicate that the decrease in the consumption of omega-3 food sources is associated with the increasing incidence of depression. The study aims to assess the association between the consumption of omega-3 and the maintenance and incidence of depressive episodes in adults (39−64 years) and elderly adults (>65 years). This was a longitudinal study using data from the baseline and first follow-up wave of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Depressive episodes were obtained with the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R), and food consumption was measured with the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression was used to analyze associations between the consumption of omega-3 and depressive episodes. Fatty acids from the omega-3 family showed a protective effect against the maintenance of depressive episodes. In relation to incidence, the estimates suggest that the higher the consumption of omega-3 acids, the lower the risk of developing depressive episodes, and significant associations were found between the consumption of omega-3 and alpha-linolenic acid. Dietary consumption of omega-3, DHA, EPA, DPA, and alpha linolenic fatty acids may have a protective effect against the maintenance and incidence of depressive episodes.
Collapse
|
5
|
Khalid W, Gill P, Arshad MS, Ali A, Ranjha MMAN, Mukhtar S, Afzal F, Maqbool Z. Functional behavior of DHA and EPA in the formation of babies brain at different stages of age, and protect from different brain-related diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Poonam Gill
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | | | - Shanza Mukhtar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fareed Afzal
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Maqbool
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ceolin G, Rockenbach G, Confortin SC, d’Orsi E, Moreira JD. Association between the consumption of omega-3-rich fish and depressive symptoms in older adults living in a middle-income country: EpiFloripa Aging cohort study. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022; 38:e00011422. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen011422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the association between the consumption of omega-3-rich (n-3) fish and depressive symptoms in older adults living in Southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional analysis with data from the second wave of the EpiFloripa Aging cohort study (2013/2014) including 1,130 individuals aged 60 years or older. The presence of depressive symptoms was measured by the 15-items Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the consumption of n-3-rich fish by a question of weekly frequency. The minimum set of variables for adjustment was defined using directed acyclic graph (DAG). Poisson regression with robust error variance was applied (adjusted by Model 1: demographic and socioeconomic variables, Model 2: added behavioral variables, Model 3: added health variables). We identified the prevalence of depressive symptoms in 19% of older adults and 51.8% reported eating n-3-rich fish once a week. Models 1 and 3 showed an inverse association between n-3-rich fish and depressive symptoms. However, the association was reduced when behavioral factors (leisure-time physical activity) were included in Model 2. These findings suggest that n-3-rich fish intake tends to be associated with depressive symptoms in older adults. However, other factors, such as physical exercise, are as pivotal as n-3 fatty acids in preventing the development of depressive symptoms.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan L, Gu MQ, Yang ZY, Xia J, Li P, Vasar E, Tian L, Song C. Endogenous n-3 PUFAs attenuated olfactory bulbectomy-induced behavioral and metabolomic abnormalities in Fat-1 mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:143-153. [PMID: 34052364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, and omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can effectively treat depression. However, mechanism of lipid metabolism involved in the depressive attenuation remains poorly understood. Olfactory bulbectomy (OB)-induced changes in animal behavior and physiological functions are similar to those observed in depressed patients. Therefore, the present study used wild type (WT) and Fat-1 mice with or without OB to explore whether endogenous n-3 PUFA treatment of depression was through rectifying lipid metabolism, and to discover the possible lipid metabolic pathways. In WT mice, OB enhanced locomotor activity associated with up-regulation of lipid metabolites in the serum, such as phosphatidylcholines, L-a-glutamyl-L-Lysine and coproporphyrinogen III (Cop), which were involved in anti-inflammatory lipid metabolic pathways. OB also increased microglia activation marker CD11b and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. In one of the lipid pathways, increased Cop was significantly correlated with the hyper-activity of the OB mice. These OB-induced changes were markedly attenuated by endogenous n-3 PUFAs in Fat-1 mice. Additionally, increased expressions of anti-inflammatory lipid genes, such as fatty acid desaturase (Fads) and phospholipase A2 group VI (Pla2g6), were found in the hippocampus of Fat-1 mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, Cop administration increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in a microglial cell line BV2. In conclusion, endogenous n-3 PUFAs in Fat-1 mice attenuated abnormal behavior in the depression model through restoration of lipid metabolism and suppression of inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Min-Qing Gu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi-You Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sikka P, Behl T, Sharma S, Sehgal A, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Singh S, Sharma N, Aleya L. Exploring the therapeutic potential of omega-3 fatty acids in depression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43021-43034. [PMID: 34121162 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids have been acknowledged for their number of holdings on an individual's health. Not only in physical valuation but also in managing psychiatric disorders, omega-3 fatty acids have been found to be a powerful formula. It is proclaimed that depressive patients suffer anomaly with the levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the body, coupled with insignificant EPA and DHA. Enhancement in brain functioning, neuronal functions, and paying attention in interacting with the brain cells are some of the additional tasks, being performed by the supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids. The leading and primary source via dietary supplementation involves the involvement of fish and fish products. These are hypothesized to be the best and dominant source for omega-3 fatty acids. Consumption of omega-3 fatty acid is well safe, that physician highly favors intake of these supplements, remarkably in the case of pregnant women. However, treating this serious life-threatening mental disorder leads to many adverse effects when treated with antidepressants. The dose range includes 1g/d to 10g/d, which is to be incorporated by the patient. It is also tested that the combination of EPA and DHA is found to be more efficacious for a person in treating and preventing depressive symptoms. Some studies verify the supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in diet was coequally productive and successful with minimal side effects when analyzed with antidepressants. Despite these facts, much research is still needed and presently in process for long-term safety and studying the role of omega-3 fatty acids in human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshi Sikka
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Sanchay Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Testing the Effects of Dietary Seafood Consumption on Depressive Symptoms. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 32219752 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0471-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
This chapter presents a protocol for assessing the effects dietary seafood consumption on depressive symptoms. We designed a cross-sectional study of 206 participants recruited in two Torres Strait Island communities. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the adapted Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (aPHQ-9), diet was analyzed with a structured questionnaire, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid concentrations were measured via a capillary dried blood spot system, and plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were measured by gas-phase chromatography. Finally, we tested the relationship between seafood consumption, blood lipid concentrations, and depression scores using independent samples t-tests and a logistic and quantile regression model.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chopra C, Mandalika S, Kinger N. Does diet play a role in the prevention and management of depression among adolescents? A narrative review. Nutr Health 2021; 27:243-263. [PMID: 33416032 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020980532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the major causes of illness and disability, while suicide is the second leading cause of death amongst adolescents. Although many factors determine the mental health of an individual, diet has been gaining popularity as a key modifiable factor in the prevention and management of depression. Nutritional Psychiatry is an emerging field where researchers suggest that the food we consume influences our mental well-being. AIM This review aims to explore the significance of diet, nutrient deficiencies, imbalances, and unhealthy dietary patterns in the prevention and management of unipolar depression or major depressive disorder among adolescents. METHODS Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and MEDLINE were searched using keywords such as "mental health," "depression," "adolescents," "diet," "dietary pattern," and pertinent articles (N = 68) were retrieved and reviewed. RESULTS The Mediterranean and traditional diets rich in complex carbohydrates, omega-3 fatty acids, B-group vitamins and several amino acids have shown negative correlation with the incidence of depression. On the other hand, Western dietary patterns (sweetened beverages, processed/ junk food, and foods rich in saturated fatty acids), along with low consumption of fruits and vegetables have been linked to an increased risk of depression among adolescents. CONCLUSION Dietary modification can prove to be a cost-effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of depression among adolescents. Diet and nutrition need to be recognized as key modifiable targets for the prevention of mental disorders and nutritional medicine should be considered as an integral part of psychiatric treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandni Chopra
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics, 271467College of Home Science, Nirmala Niketan (Affiliated to University of Mumbai), New Marine Lines, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhadra Mandalika
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics, 271467College of Home Science, Nirmala Niketan (Affiliated to University of Mumbai), New Marine Lines, Maharashtra, India
| | - Narendra Kinger
- 81727Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Girgaon, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thesing CS, Lok A, Milaneschi Y, Assies J, Bockting CLH, Figueroa CA, Giltay EJ, Penninx BWJH, Ruhé HG, Schene AH, Bot M, Mocking RJT. Fatty acids and recurrence of major depressive disorder: combined analysis of two Dutch clinical cohorts. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 141:362-373. [PMID: 31785112 PMCID: PMC7216896 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) alterations in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been shown to persist after remission. Whether these alterations are risk factors for MDD recurrence remains unknown. Here, we examined whether fatty acids predict time until MDD recurrence in remitted MDD patients. METHODS Data were used from remitted MDD patients of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (n = 356) and the Depression Evaluation Longitudinal Therapy Assessment studies (n = 118). Associations of FAs with time until MDD recurrence up to 8-year follow-up were analyzed using Cox regression analyses. Study-specific estimates were pooled using mega- and meta-analysis techniques. RESULTS 27.5% (NESDA) and 56.8% (DELTA) participants had an MDD recurrence. Pooled results showed that no FA was significantly associated with time until MDD recurrence (n-3 PUFAs: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98-1.41, P = 0.082; n-6 PUFAs: HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.84-1.38, P = 0.55). CONCLUSION In remitted MDD patients, circulating PUFAs were not associated with prospective risk of MDD recurrence. Consequently, circulating PUFAs are unlikely to reflect a vulnerability marker for recurrence, so correcting n-3 PUFA 'deficits' through supplementation does not seem a promising option to prevent MDD recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Thesing
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - A. Lok
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAcademisch Medisch CentrumUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Y. Milaneschi
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. Assies
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAcademisch Medisch CentrumUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - C. L. H. Bockting
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAcademisch Medisch CentrumUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - C. A. Figueroa
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAcademisch Medisch CentrumUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - E. J. Giltay
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - B. W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - H. G. Ruhé
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAcademisch Medisch CentrumUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviorRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - A. H. Schene
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviorRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - M. Bot
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - R. J. T. Mocking
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCAcademisch Medisch CentrumUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Herter-Aeberli I, Graf C, Vollenweider A, Häberling I, Srikanthan P, Hersberger M, Berger G, Mathis D. Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Switzerland. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081863. [PMID: 31405149 PMCID: PMC6722517 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-based data suggest that high intake of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may be beneficial in a variety of health conditions. It is likely that mainly those patients with preexisting n-3 deficiency are those that benefit most from n-3 fatty acid supplementation. Therefore, for targeted interventions, a fast and reliable screening tool for n-3 PUFA intake is necessary. Thus, the aim of this project was to adapt and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for n-3 PUFA intake in Switzerland while using as references the following: (1) 7-day food records (FR), and (2) n-3 fatty acid composition of red blood cells (RBC). We recruited 46 healthy adults for the first part of the study and 152 for the second. We used the dietary software EBISpro for the analysis of n-3 PUFA intake. RBC fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Using correlation analysis, we found a moderate significant association between FFQ and FR for α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), docosahexanoic acid (DHA), and total n-3 fatty acids (all r between 0.523 and 0.586, all p < 0.001). Bland Altman analysis further showed good agreement between the two methods and no proportional bias. Correlations between FFQ and RBC fatty acid composition were also moderate for EPA and DHA (r = 0.430 and r = 0.605, p < 0.001), but weaker for ALA and total n-3 (r = 0.314 and r = 0.211, p < 0.01). The efficacy of the FFQ to classify individuals into the same or adjacent quartile of RBC PUFA content ranged between 70% and 87% for the different fatty acids. In conclusion, we showed that the Swiss n-3 PUFA FFQ is a valid tool to assess dietary n-3 PUFA intake, especially DHA and EPA, to determine population groups at risk for low intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Herter-Aeberli
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Celeste Graf
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Vollenweider
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Häberling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pakeerathan Srikanthan
- Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gajdošík M, Hingerl L, Škoch A, Freudenthaler A, Krumpolec P, Ukropec J, Ukropcová B, Šedivý P, Hájek M, Itariu BK, Maier B, Baumgartner‐Parzer S, Krebs M, Trattnig S, Krššák M. Ultralong TE In Vivo 1 H MR Spectroscopy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue at 7 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:71-82. [PMID: 30578581 PMCID: PMC6618283 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) play and important role in neural development and other metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The knowledge about the in vivo content and distribution of n-3 FA in human body tissues is not well established and the standard quantification of FA is invasive and costly. PURPOSE To detect omega-3 (n-3 CH3 ) and non-omega-3 (CH3 ) methyl group resonance lines with echo times up to 1200 msec, in oils, for the assessment of n-3 FA content, and the n-3 FA fraction in adipose tissue in vivo. STUDY TYPE Prospective technical development. POPULATION Three oils with different n-3 FA content and 24 healthy subjects. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Single-voxel MR spectroscopy (SVS) with a point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence with an echo time (TE) of 1000 msec at 7 T. ASSESSMENT Knowledge about the J-coupling evolution of both CH3 resonances was used for the optimal detection of the n-3 CH3 resonance line at a TE of 1000 msec. The accuracy of the method in oils and in vivo was validated from a biopsy sample with gas chromatography analysis. STATISTICAL TESTS SVS data were compared to gas chromatography with the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS T2 relaxation times in oils were assessed as follows: CH2 , 65 ± 22 msec; CH3 , 325 ± 7 msec; and n-3 CH3 , 628 ± 34 msec. The n-3 FA fractions from oil phantom experiments (n = 3) were in agreement with chromatography analysis and the comparison of in vivo obtained data with the results of chromatography analysis (n = 5) yielded a significant correlation (P = 0.029). DATA CONCLUSION PRESS with ultralong-TE can detect and quantify the n-3 CH3 signal in vivo at 7 T. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:71-82.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gajdošík
- High‐field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of RadiologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
| | - Lukas Hingerl
- High‐field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Antonín Škoch
- National Institute of Mental HealthKlecanyCzech Republic
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Angelika Freudenthaler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Patrik Krumpolec
- High‐field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Experimental EndocrinologyBiomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental EndocrinologyBiomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Institute of Experimental EndocrinologyBiomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Petr Šedivý
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Milan Hájek
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Bianca K. Itariu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard Maier
- University Clinic for Trauma Surgery, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sabina Baumgartner‐Parzer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Krebs
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High‐field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR ImagingViennaAustria
| | - Martin Krššák
- High‐field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR ImagingViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism, purine metabolism and inosine as potential independent diagnostic biomarkers for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1478-1488. [PMID: 29679072 PMCID: PMC6756100 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents is a recurrent and disabling condition globally but its pathophysiology remains poorly elucidated and there are limited effective treatments available. We performed metabolic profiling of plasma samples based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry to explore the potential biomarkers of depression in children and adolescents with MDD. We identified several perturbed pathways, including fatty acid metabolism-particularly the polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism, and purine metabolism-that were associated with MDD in these young patients. In addition, inosine was shown as a potential independent diagnostic biomarker for MDD, achieving an area under the ROC curve of 0.999 in discriminating drug-naive MDD patients and 0.866 in discriminating drug-treated MDD from healthy controls. Moreover, we found evidence for differences in the pathophysiology of MDD in children and adolescents to that of adult MDD, specifically with tryptophan metabolism. Through metabolomic analysis, we have identified links between a framework of metabolic perturbations and the pathophysiology and diagnostic biomarker of child and adolescent MDD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Freiría-Gándara J, Losada-Barreiro S, Paiva-Martins F, Bravo-Díaz C. Enhancement of the antioxidant efficiency of gallic acid derivatives in intact fish oil-in-water emulsions through optimization of their interfacial concentrations. Food Funct 2018; 9:4429-4442. [PMID: 30070303 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00977e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant (AO) efficiencies and the distributions of gallic acid (GA) and a series of alkyl gallates (propyl, PG, butyl, BG, octyl, OG and lauryl, LG) were determined in intact fish oil-in-water emulsions. The efficiency of the AOs in inhibiting the oxidation of the fish oil lipids increases upon increasing AO hydrophobicity up to a maximum (∼3-fold) at the octyl derivative, after which the efficiency decreases (LG). The observed non-linear variation in the efficiency with the AO alkyl chain length parallels those of the percentages of AOs in the interfacial region and of their interfacial concentrations, but does not parallel that of the percentage of AOs in the oil region. The interfacial AO concentrations are 20-100 times greater than the stoichiometric (added) antioxidant concentration, depending on the interfacial surfactant volume fraction ΦI, meanwhile the AO concentrations in the oil are similar or slightly higher (1-6 fold) and the concentrations in the aqueous region are much smaller (0.8-10 fold). The effects of the oil to water (o : w) ratio on the interfacial concentrations are complex and depend on both the hydrophobicity of the AO and ΦI. An increase in the o : w ratio favors incorporation of hydrophilic AOs to the interfacial region of emulsions but it decreases the incorporation of hydrophobic AOs. Results provide, for the first time, experimental evidence supporting the interfacial region of emulsions as the main site of production of lipid radicals. Results also provide physical evidence that the efficiency of AOs depends on their interfacial concentrations, which can be modulated by increasing the hydrophobicity of the AOs and by employing the minimum amount of surfactant necessary to stabilize the emulsions. Changes in the o : w ratio can also be used to modulate the interfacial concentrations of hydrophobic (OG, LG, and to a lesser extent BG) or hydrophilic (GA) AOs, but not those of AOs of intermediate hydrophobicity (PG).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Freiría-Gándara
- Universidad de Vigo, Fac. Química, Dpto. Químic- Física, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Berger M, Taylor S, Harriss L, Campbell S, Thompson F, Jones S, Makrides M, Gibson R, Paul Amminger G, Sarnyai Z, McDermott R. Cross-sectional association of seafood consumption, polyunsaturated fatty acids and depressive symptoms in two Torres Strait communities. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:353-362. [PMID: 30073906 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1504429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Dietary intake of long-chain omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) represents a putative modifiable risk factor for depression, and a high ratio of omega 6 (n-6) to n-3 LCPUFA is frequently observed in patients with major depressive disorder. Recent reports suggest that the availability of fish and seafood may be associated with lower depression rates. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of fish consumption and LCPUFA levels with depressive symptoms.Methods Participants for this cross-sectional study (n=206) were recruited at a community screening programme in two Torres Strait Islander communities (Mer and Waiben). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the adapted Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (aPHQ-9) and diet with a structured questionnaire. LCPUFA concentrations were measured with a capillary dried blood spot system (PUFAcoat). Logistic and quantile regression modelling was used to test the relationship between seafood consumption, membrane LCPUFAs and depression scores.Results A higher blood n-6/3 LCPUFA ratio was associated with moderate/severe depression scores across both study sites (OR=1.59 (95%CI 1.09-2.34), P = .017). Seafood consumption was higher and the proportion of participants with aPHQ-9 scores above the cut-off for depression was lower on Mer (n = 100) compared with Waiben (n = 106). Higher seafood consumption was associated with lower depression scores on Waiben (B = -0.57 (95%CI -0.98 - -0.16), P = .006) but not on Mer.Conclusions Our findings support an association of n-3 LCPUFA from natural sources with depressive symptoms. The availability of fresh seafood in the local diet may represent a protective factor for depression in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximus Berger
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sean Taylor
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Linton Harriss
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Sandra Campbell
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Fintan Thompson
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Samuel Jones
- Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service, Thursday Island, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert Gibson
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zoltan Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Robyn McDermott
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Taylor AM, Holscher HD. A review of dietary and microbial connections to depression, anxiety, and stress. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:237-250. [PMID: 29985786 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1493808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Pre-clinical evidence suggests that the gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to mood and behavior disorders. Among humans, diet quality and patterns, which also impact the gastrointestinal microbiota, have been linked to depression, anxiety, and stress. This review summarizes findings from clinical studies using dietary intervention to improve depression, anxiety, or stress and the role the gastrointestinal microbiota may have in these disorders.Methods: A literature search was conducted using the keywords microbiome, microbiota, depression, anxiety, stress, diet, dietary pattern, diet quality, fiber, prebiotics, probiotics, and mood.Results: Mood was improved by enhancing diet quality. Fructooligosaccharide and galactooligosaccharide improved anxiety and depression in participants consuming ≥ 5 g/day. Additionally, bifidobacteria were enriched in subjects consuming ≥ 5 g/day. Probiotic consumption improved psychological or biological measures of depression, anxiety, or stress in individuals predisposed to a mood disorder. Probiotics suppressed biological markers of stress in healthy individuals in a strain-dependent manner.Discussion: High-quality diets, prebiotics, and probiotics may beneficially affect mood. Habitual diets rich in dietary fiber and omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids may be linked to reduced risk of developing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress; however, additional studies are necessary. Certain probiotics may enhance mood, but their influence on the gastrointestinal microbiota requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Taylor
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brain docosahexaenoic acid uptake and metabolism. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:109-134. [PMID: 29305120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain where it serves to regulate several important processes and, in addition, serves as a precursor to bioactive mediators. Given that the capacity of the brain to synthesize DHA locally is appreciably low, the uptake of DHA from circulating lipid pools is essential to maintaining homeostatic levels. Although, several plasma pools have been proposed to supply the brain with DHA, recent evidence suggests non-esterified-DHA and lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA are the primary sources. The uptake of DHA into the brain appears to be regulated by a number of complementary pathways associated with the activation and metabolism of DHA, and may provide mechanisms for enrichment of DHA within the brain. Following entry into the brain, DHA is esterified into and recycled amongst membrane phospholipids contributing the distribution of DHA in brain phospholipids. During neurotransmission and following brain injury, DHA is released from membrane phospholipids and converted to bioactive mediators which regulate signaling pathways important to synaptogenesis, cell survival, and neuroinflammation, and may be relevant to treating neurological diseases. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive overview of brain DHA metabolism, encompassing many of the pathways and key enzymatic regulators governing brain DHA uptake and metabolism. In addition, we focus on the release of non-esterified DHA and subsequent production of bioactive mediators and the evidence of their proposed activity within the brain. We also provide a brief review of the evidence from post-mortem brain analyses investigating DHA levels in the context of neurological disease and mood disorder, highlighting the current disparities within the field.
Collapse
|
19
|
Guertin MH, Robitaille K, Pelletier JF, Duchesne T, Julien P, Savard J, Bairati I, Fradet V. Effects of concentrated long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation before radical prostatectomy on prostate cancer proliferation, inflammation, and quality of life: study protocol for a phase IIb, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:64. [PMID: 29321047 PMCID: PMC5763552 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in north-American men. Few dietary or lifestyle interventions have been tested to prevent prostate cancer progression. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation represents a promising intervention for prostate cancer patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3), more precisely eicosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-EPA) supplementation, on prostate cancer proliferation, inflammation mediators and quality of life among men who will undergo radical prostatectomy. METHODS/DESIGN We propose a phase IIb, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of MAG-EPA supplementation for 130 men who will undergo radical prostatectomy as treatment for a prostate cancer of Gleason score ≥ 7 in an academic cancer center in Quebec City. Participants will be randomized to 6 capsules of 625 mg of fish oil (MAG-EPA) per capsule containing 500 mg of EPA daily or to identically looking capsules of high oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSO) as placebo. The intervention begins 4 to 10 weeks prior to radical prostatectomy (baseline) and continues for one year after surgery. The primary endpoint is the proliferative index (Ki-67) measured in prostate cancer cells at radical prostatectomy. A secondary endpoint includes prostate tissue levels of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and proteins) at time of radical prostatectomy. Changes in blood levels of inflammatory mediators, relative to baseline levels, at time of radical prostatectomy and 12 months after radical prostatectomy will also be evaluated. Secondary endpoints also include important aspects of psychosocial functioning and quality of life such as depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, fatigue, cognitive complaints and prostate cancer-specific quality of life domains. The changes in these outcomes, relative to baseline levels, will be evaluated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after radical prostatectomy. DISCUSSION The results from this trial will provide crucial information to clarify the role of omega-3 supplementation on prostate cancer proliferation, inflammation and quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02333435. Registered on December 17, 2014. Last updated September 6, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Guertin
- Oncology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 6 rue McMahon, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- Oncology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 6 rue McMahon, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Jean-François Pelletier
- Oncology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 6 rue McMahon, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Thierry Duchesne
- Mathematics and Statistics Department, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Bureau, Québec, QC 1056 Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - CHUL, 2705, boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Josée Savard
- Oncology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 6 rue McMahon, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Isabelle Bairati
- Oncology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 6 rue McMahon, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Oncology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval - L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 6 rue McMahon, Québec, QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oshima Y, Watanabe T, Endo S, Hata S, Watanabe T, Osada K, Takenaka A. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on anxiety-like behavior in socially isolated rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 82:716-723. [PMID: 29191085 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1403888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of fish oil for improving mental health have been reported. The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on anxiety-like behavior using a rat model. Experimental diets enriched in EPA or DHA as glycerides were prepared. Rats were exposed to social isolation stress and fed the experimental diet for 14 days. The results of behavioral tests revealed that rats fed the EPA-enriched diet exhibited less anxiety-like behavior than rats fed the control or DHA-enriched diets. Furthermore, EPA suppressed anxiety-like behavior only in socially isolated rats. The increase in EPA contents in the brain phospholipid fraction by feeding EPA-enriched diet was more significant than that of DHA by feeding DHA-enriched diet. These results suggest that dietary EPA is more anxiolytic than DHA in rats exposed to social isolation stress and is effective in increasing EPA content in brain membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Oshima
- a Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Tasuku Watanabe
- a Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Shun Endo
- a Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | | | | | - Kyoichi Osada
- a Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Asako Takenaka
- a Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Effects of matrix on plasma levels of EPA and DHA in dogs. J Nutr Sci 2017; 6:e37. [PMID: 29152241 PMCID: PMC5672307 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
EPA and DHA are often used in veterinary medicine due to their beneficial effects for several medical conditions such as osteoarthritis. EPA and DHA are administered to dogs through different matrices. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects on the plasma levels in dogs caused by various matrices for EPA and DHA administration. In this study, three different n-3 PUFA formulations were used: soft chew tablet (CCx); liquid fish oil (LFO); and enriched kibbles (EK). The formulations were administered single-dose and compared in a randomised, cross-over designed study with a 1-week wash-out period. Several variables were observed after the administration of these formulations in thirteen dogs: the NEFA plasma concentration, the AUC for 1 d (AUC0–24 h), and maximum plasma concentration for both EPA and DHA. All plasma fatty acid levels reached baseline levels within 72 h. CCx (median = 2·987) had a significantly lower AUC0–24 h for EPA compared with LFO (median = 5·647, P = 0·043) and EK (median = 5·119, P = 0·032) (F2,22 = 4·637, P = 0·021). CCx (median = 2·471) AUC0–24 h for DHA was significantly lower compared with LFO (median = 4·837, Z = −2·56, P = 0·011) and EK (median = 4·413, Z = −2·59, P = 0·01). EPA and DHA plasma levels were affected by matrix, as with the CCx, the AUC0–24 h of EPA and DHA were both lower compared with LFO and EK. The effect of matrix on bioavailability is important for product development as well as for clinical trials studying effects of EPA and DHA.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sornborger J, Fann A, Serpa JG, Ventrelle J, R D N MS, Ming Foynes M, Carleton M, Sherrill AM, Kao LK, Jakubovic R, Bui E, Normand P, Sylvia LG. Integrative Therapy Approaches for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Special Focus on Treating Veterans. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2017; 15:390-398. [PMID: 31975869 PMCID: PMC6519541 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20170026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of integrative health modalities, such as mind-body interventions, art therapy, nutrition, and exercise, to treat stress-related mental health conditions, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in military and veteran populations has been increasing. The use of integrative therapies for PTSD provides options for veterans who are not interested in traditional modalities, have limited access to traditional treatments, or are seeking a more comprehensive approach to managing their PTSD or subthreshold symptoms. These therapies show promise for improving overall well-being and comorbid conditions with PTSD, such as pain or migraines, but yield mixed data for PTSD symptoms. The aim of this article is to review the evidence for the most promising integrative health modalities for treating PTSD, with a special focus on the treatment of veterans, as well as to offer recommendations and suggestions for clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Sornborger
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Alice Fann
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - J Greg Serpa
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Jennifer Ventrelle
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - M S R D N
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Melissa Ming Foynes
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Megan Carleton
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Andrew M Sherrill
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Lan K Kao
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Rafaella Jakubovic
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Eric Bui
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Patricia Normand
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Louisa G Sylvia
- Drs. Sornborger and Serpa and Ms. Kao are with the University of California at Los Angeles Health System and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California. Drs. Fann and Sherrill are with Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Ventrelle and Dr. Normand are with Rush University Medical Center, Chicago. Dr. Foynes is with the National Center for PTSD, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston. Ms. Carleton and Ms. Jakubovic are with Massachusetts General Hospital. Drs. Bui and Sylvia are with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The potential relevance of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid to the etiopathogenesis of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1011-1030. [PMID: 27988864 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-016-0932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, considerable interest has been given to the potential role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for understanding pathogenesis and treatment of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. This review aims to systematically investigate the scientific evidence supporting the hypothesis on the omega-3 PUFAs deficit as a risk factor shared by different pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders. Medline PubMed database was searched for studies examining blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) status in children with neuropsychiatric disorders. Forty-one published manuscripts were compatible with the search criteria. The majority of studies on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism found a significant decrease in DHA levels in patients versus healthy controls. For the other conditions examined-depression, juvenile bipolar disorder, intellectual disabilities, learning difficulties, and eating disorders (EDs)-the literature was too limited to draw any stable conclusions. However, except EDs, findings in these conditions were in line with results from ADHD and autism studies. Results about EPA levels were too inconsistent to conclude that EPA could be associated with any of the conditions examined. Finally, correlational data provided, on one hand, evidence for a negative association between DHA and symptomatology, whereas on the other hand, evidence for a positive association between EPA and emotional well-being. Although the present review underlines the potential involvement of omega-3 PUFAs in the predisposition to childhood neuropsychiatric disorders, more observational and intervention studies across different diagnoses are needed, which should integrate the collection of baseline PUFA levels with their potential genetic and environmental influencing factors.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang L, Zhu Z, Tan Z, Luo H, Hu X, Li Y. Docosahexaenoic acid induces glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor release in C6 glioma cells: Implications of antidepressant effects for docosahexaenoic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:1112-1117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
25
|
de Oliveira Souza A, Couto-Lima CA, Rosa Machado MC, Espreafico EM, Pinheiro Ramos RG, Alberici LC. Protective action of Omega-3 on paraquat intoxication in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1050-1063. [PMID: 28849990 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1357345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) (1,1'-dimethyl-4-4'-bipyridinium dichloride) is the second most widely used herbicide worldwide; however, in countries different sales and distribution remain restricted. Chronic exposure to PQ leads to several diseases related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions including myocardial failure, cancer, and neurodegeneration and subsequently death depending upon the dose level. The aim of this study was to examine if diet supplementation with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA and DHA, omega-3 long-chain fatty acids) serves a protective mechanism against neuromuscular dysfunctions mediated by PQ using Drosophila melanogaster as a model with focus on mitochondrial metabolism. PQ ingestion (170 mg/kg b.w. for 3 d) resulted in a decreased life span and climbing ability in D. melanogaster. In the brain, PQ increased thioflavin fluorescence and reduced either 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) nuclei staining and neuronal nuclei protein (NeuN) positive neurons, indicating amyloid formation and neurodegenetation, respectively. In the thorax, PQ ingestion lowered citrate synthase activity and respiratory functions indicating a reduction in mitochondrial content. PQ elevated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) mRNA expression levels, indicative of high calcium influx from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix. In brain and thorax, PQ also increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and impaired acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Concomitant EPA/DHA ingestion (0.31/0.19 mg/kg b.w.) protected D. melanogaster against PQ-induced toxicity preserving neuromuscular function and slowing down the rate of aging. In brain and thorax, these omega-3 fatty acids inhibited excess H2O2 production and restored AChE activity. EPA/DHA delayed amyloid deposition in the brain, and restored low citrate synthase activity and respiratory functions in the thorax. The effects in the thorax were attributed to stimulated mRNA expression level of genes involved either in mitochondrial dynamics or biogenesis promoted by EPA/DHA: dynamin-related protein (DRP1), mitochondrial assembly regulatory factor (MARF), mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase (OPA1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α). In conclusion, diet supplementation with EPA/DHA appears to protect D. melanogaster muscular and neuronal tissues against PQ intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson de Oliveira Souza
- a Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM) Estrada Coari-Mamiá 305 , CEP 69460-000 , Coari-AM , Brazil
- b Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo (FCFRP-USP) Avenida do Café s/nº , CEP 14040-903 , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Carlos Antônio Couto-Lima
- c Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP) Avenida Bandeirantes 3900 , CEP 14049-900 , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Maiaro Cabral Rosa Machado
- c Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP) Avenida Bandeirantes 3900 , CEP 14049-900 , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Enilza Maria Espreafico
- c Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP) Avenida Bandeirantes 3900 , CEP 14049-900 , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Guelerman Pinheiro Ramos
- c Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP) Avenida Bandeirantes 3900 , CEP 14049-900 , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- b Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo (FCFRP-USP) Avenida do Café s/nº , CEP 14040-903 , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Omega-3 Supplementation and the Neural Correlates of Negative Affect and Impulsivity: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Midlife Adults. Psychosom Med 2017; 79:549-556. [PMID: 28121722 PMCID: PMC5453831 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In clinical trials, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves symptoms in psychiatric disorders involving dysregulated mood and impulse control, yet it is unclear whether in healthy adults, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects mood, impulse control, and the brain systems supporting these processes. Accordingly, this study tested the hypotheses that eciosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid supplementation reduces negative affect and impulsive behaviors in healthy adults and that these changes correspond to alterations in corticolimbic and corticostriatal brain systems, which support affective and impulsive processes. METHODS Healthy volunteers (N = 272) consuming 300 mg/d or less of EPA and DHA were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. The participants received either capsules providing 1000 mg of EPA and 400 mg of DHA versus identical appearing soybean oil capsules per day for 18 weeks. Negative affect and impulsivity were measured by questionnaire and ecological momentary assessment, as well as functional alterations in corticolimbic and corticostriatal brain systems evoked by standardized functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks. RESULTS There were no group by time interactions for any questionnaire or ecological momentary assessment measures of mood and impulsivity. Likewise, no group by time interactions were observed for functional magnetic resonance imaging responses evoked within corticolimbic and corticostriatal systems. CONCLUSIONS In healthy adults with low intake of omega-3 fatty acids, moderate-dose supplementation for 18 weeks did not alter affect or impulsive behaviors nor alter corticolimbic and corticostriatal brain functionality. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial number NCT00663871.
Collapse
|