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Fowora MA, Aiyedogbon A, Omolopo I, Tajudeen AO, Olanlege AL, Abioye A, Akintunde GB, Salako BL. Effect of nasal carriage of Bacillus species on COVID-19 severity: a cross-sectional study. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0184323. [PMID: 38193730 PMCID: PMC10846055 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01843-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Intranasal sprays containing Bacillus species are being researched for treating viral respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the nasal carriage of Bacillus and COVID-19 severity. This was a cross-sectional study that collected nasopharyngeal samples from adults 18 years and above visiting two COVID-19 testing centers in Lagos, Nigeria, between September 2020 and September 2021. Bacillus species were cultured from the samples and confirmed using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. The dependent variable was COVID-19 status classified as negative, asymptomatic, mild, or severe. The independent variable was the nasal carriage of Bacillus species. Multinomial regression analysis was done to determine the association between nasal carriage of Bacillus and COVID-19 severity after adjusting for age, sex, and co-morbidity status. A total of 388 participants were included in the study with mean (standard deviation) age of 40.05 (13.563) years. Sixty-one percent of the participants were male, 100 (25.8%) had severe COVID-19, 130 (33.5%) had pre-existing comorbidity, and 76 (19.6%) had Bacillus cultured from their nasopharyngeal specimen. Bacillus species presence was significantly associated with higher odds of severe COVID-19 compared to having a negative COVID-19 status (AOR = 3.347, 95% CI: 1.359, 8.243). However, the presence of Bacillus species was significantly associated with lower odds of severe COVID-19 compared to having a mild COVID-19 status. The study suggests that nasal carriage of Bacillus species is associated with the clinical course of COVID-19 and supports the exploration of Bacillus species in the management of viral respiratory tract infections.IMPORTANCEWith the introduction of intranasal spray containing Bacillus species for the treatment of viral respiratory tract infections, such as COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus, identifying the association between the nasal carriage of Bacillus species and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity will help further substantiate the investigation of these bacteria for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. This study evaluated the association between the carriage of Bacillus species in the nasopharyngeal tract and COVID-19 severity and found that the presence of Bacillus species in the nasopharynx may significantly impact the clinical course of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muinah A. Fowora
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adenike Aiyedogbon
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ibilola Omolopo
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed O. Tajudeen
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abdul-Lateef Olanlege
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Science., Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Grace B. Akintunde
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde L. Salako
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Angelo AC, Clodel Y, Léopold C, Serge A, Ibrahim MC, Julien A, Roger K, de Tovè Kofi-Mensa S. Epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic features and predictors of death among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Parakou: a cross-sectional study in Northern Benin. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:484. [PMID: 37474897 PMCID: PMC10357870 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is an emerging contagious infection with polymorphic clinical manifestations. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic features and identify the predictors of mortality among COVID-19 hospitalized cases in Parakou. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic study. Systematic recruitment was used to include all patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from May 8, 2020, to December 31, 2021, whose medical records were available and usable. The variables studied were clinical and paraclinical signs, diagnostic and therapeutic means, evolution under treatment and prognostic factors. This study was approved by the Local Ethical Committee. The data were analyzed using Stata/MP 14.1 software. RESULTS A total of 198 cases of COVID-19 were identified, 117 of whom were men. The mean age was 51.53 ± 19.51 years. The presenting signs were fever 146 (74.11%), cough 157 (79.70%) and dyspnea 118 (53.90%). It was severe COVID-19 in 108 cases (54.55%). Therapeutically, 95 patients (47.98%) had received the combination of Lopinavir/ritonavir and Ribavirin and 95 others (47.98%) received chloroquine. Recovery was noted in 151 (76.26%) patients. Mortality rate was 18.18%. Predictors of death were high blood pressure, presence of signs of severity, high-concentration mask ventilation used, and elevated transaminases. CONCLUSION COVID-19 was a reality in Parakou, with a significant number of severe cases requiring hospitalization. Several factors are associated with the prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attinsounon Cossi Angelo
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Parakou, Benin.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin.
- Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou, Parakou, Benin.
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin.
| | - Yamongbè Clodel
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Parakou, Benin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Codjo Léopold
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Adé Serge
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Mama Cissé Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Military Hospital of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Attinon Julien
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Military Hospital of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Klikpezo Roger
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Military Hospital of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Savi de Tovè Kofi-Mensa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
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Anupama A, Raman R, Ratheesh R, Palakkunnath S. Symptomatology and Demographic Profile of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Center in India: A Hospital Record-Based Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e40636. [PMID: 37476129 PMCID: PMC10355227 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since its arrival in late 2019, COVID-19 has caused more than 760 million cases and nearly seven million deaths worldwide. As a novel infection research is still underway to understand the epidemiology of COVID-19. The present study was conducted in a tertiary care center in south India to understand the symptomatology of the disease in a local context. METHODS Information for the study was retrieved from the hospital records of the Kunhitharuvai Memorial Charitable Trust (KMCT) COVID Hospital, Kerala, India, of patients admitted from 1st May 2021 to 31st October 2021 (six months). Data on their clinico-demographic profile and treatment outcomes were collected and entered into a proforma. RESULTS Out of the 2744 patients included in the study, the proportion of males and females was comparable. About 38.6% of patients were above 60 years of age. The most common presenting complaints were fever, cough, and breathlessness. About 2.7% were asymptomatic. The mortality rate during the study period was 4.8% (132 deaths). CONCLUSION The present study highlights differences in the symptomology and other demographic features of COVID-19 patients admitted to a hospital in Kerala, India, compared to other regional, national, and international studies. Despite limitations, these differences may have important implications for diagnosing and managing COVID-19 patients in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumadi Anupama
- Community Medicine, Kunhitharuvai Memorial Charitable Trust (KMCT) Medical College, Kozhikode, IND
| | - Rupesh Raman
- Community Medicine, Kunhitharuvai Memorial Charitable Trust (KMCT) Medical College, Kozhikode, IND
| | - R Ratheesh
- Pharmacology, Kunhitharuvai Memorial Charitable Trust (KMCT) Medical College, Kozhikode, IND
| | - Sujesh Palakkunnath
- Community Medicine, Kunhitharuvai Memorial Charitable Trust (KMCT) Medical College, Kozhikode, IND
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Rezaei B, Shahedi A, Keshtkaran Z, Eidi A, Delam H, Safari K, Shadmehr R, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M. Changes in incidence and mortality trend due to COVID-19 in southern Iran, from 2020 to 2021: based on Cochran-Armitage trend test. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37361263 PMCID: PMC10076376 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Background In 2020, COVID-19 spread rapidly in Iran and other parts of the world. Some of the epidemiological aspects of this disease remain unknown; therefore, the present study was designed with the aim of determining the trend of incidence and mortality of COVID-19 from February 2020 to July 2021 in southern Iran. Methods The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study that included all people who had COVID-19 in the period from February 2020 to July 2021 and whose information had been registered in the Infectious Diseases Center of Larestan city and MCMC unit. The study area included the cities of Larestan, Evaz, and Khonj, located in the south of Fars province in southern Iran. Results Since the emergence of COVID-19 until July 2021, a total of 23,246 new cases of infection were reported in the southern region of Fars province. The average age of patients was 39.90±18.30 years and the range of ages varied from 1 to 103 years. The results of the Cochran-Armitage trend test showed that the trend of the disease in 2020 was completely upward. The first positive case of COVID-19 was recorded on February 27, 2020. The incidence curve in 2021 is sinusoidal, but in general, the results of the Cochran-Armitage trend test showed that the incidence of the disease increased significantly (P-trend < 0.001). Most cases were reported in July, April, and the end of March. Conclusion In general, the incidence rate of COVID-19 has varied sinusoidally from 2020 to mid-2021. Although the incidence of the disease increased, the number of deaths has fallen. It seems that the increase in the number of diagnostic tests and the implementation of the national COVID-19 immunization program have been effective in changing the trend of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Rezaei
- Department of Surgery, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahedi
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Zahra Keshtkaran
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Eidi
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Hamed Delam
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
- Imam Reza Teaching Hospital, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Khalil Safari
- Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
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Adekanmbi O, Ilesanmi O, Idowu O, Esan A, Raji YR, Fowotade A, Ogunlade O, Akere A, Ololade O, Ojifinni K, Akinola O, Orunmuyi A, Eze U, Akinmoladun V, Adeoye A, Adebiyi A, Olapade-Olaopa EO, Otegbayo JA, Osungbade K. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:72-82. [PMID: 37545917 PMCID: PMC10398429 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Data regarding the features and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Africa are increasingly available. Objectives To describe socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Methods A cross-sectional study of 86 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between March and November 2020. Characteristics were described in survivors and non-survivors. Results Mean age was 60.9±16.1 years, 53(61.6%) were male. Co-morbidities were found in 77(89.5%) patients. On severity, 6(7%) were mild, 23(26.7%) moderate, 51(59.3%) severe and 6(7%) critical. Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate were 71±22% and 38±11/minute in non-survivors and 90±7% and 31±7/minute in survivors respectively (p<0.001, p<0.001)). Overall mortality was 47.7% with no death among patients with mild disease and deaths in all patients with critical disease. Duration of hospitalization was 2.0(1.0-4.5) days in those who died and 12(7.0-15.0) days in those who survived (p<0.001). Of the 42 patients that received dexamethasone, 11(26.2%) died, while 31(73.8%) survived (p=<0.001). Conclusion Most of the patients had co-morbidities and there was high mortality in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Mean oxygen saturation was low and respiratory rate high overall. Factors associated with mortality included: Significantly greater hypoxia and tachypnea, less dexamethasone use and shorter hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukemi Adekanmbi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Ilesanmi
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Idowu
- Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Anaesthesia, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Arinola Esan
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yemi R Raji
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeola Fowotade
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi Ogunlade
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega Akere
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun Ololade
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Ojifinni
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olurotimi Akinola
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akintunde Orunmuyi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Uwom Eze
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Victor Akinmoladun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan
| | - Abiodun Adeoye
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akindele Adebiyi
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - E Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jesse A Otegbayo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kayode Osungbade
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan
- Disease Surveillance Unit, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Aggarwal AN, Prasad KT, Muthu V. Obstructive lung diseases burden and COVID-19 in developing countries: a perspective. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2022; 28:84-92. [PMID: 34652297 PMCID: PMC8815642 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are widely prevalent disorders, and important contributors to morbidity and mortality, in both developing and developed countries. It is conjectured that these obstructive lung diseases may have had more deleterious effects in developing nations during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We provide an evidence-based perspective on the relationship between asthma/COPD prevalence and COVID-19 burden, and the impact of comorbid asthma/COPD on selected COVID-19 outcomes and healthcare utilization, with special reference to developing countries. RECENT FINDINGS Developing countries with higher COPD (but not asthma) prevalence appear to have higher COVID-19 related mortality. Patients with asthma (but not COPD) in developing countries may be less likely to acquire COVID-19. Published literature suggests that the overall impact of comorbid asthma or COPD on adverse COVID-19 outcomes may be broadly similar between developed and developing nations. SUMMARY There is paucity of information on interaction between asthma/COPD and COVID-19 in developing countries. Limited data suggest minor differences between developed and developing nations. In view of inadequacies in healthcare preparedness and delivery in several developing countries, there is a need to generate quality evidence to assess impact of obstructive lung diseases and COVID-19 on each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh N Aggarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Kwaghe VG, Habib ZG, Akor AA, Thairu Y, Bawa A, Adebayo FO, Kwaghe AV, Usman G, Idoko G, Oluseugun A, Ekele BA. Clinical characteristics and outcome of the first 200 patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease-2019 at a treatment center in Abuja, Nigeria: a retrospective study. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 41:118. [PMID: 35465381 PMCID: PMC8994461 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.118.26594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION globally, the ravaging effect of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), pandemic is evident on public health and the global economy. We aimed at describing the clinical characteristic and management outcome of COVID-19 patients in Abuja, Nigeria. METHODS we conducted a retrospective study by reviewing the hospital charts of the first 200 COVID-19 patients admitted at the isolation center, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada. Extracted data includes; demographic data, clinical symptoms, underlying comorbidities, and clinical outcomes. The outcome of interest was either discharged or died. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. RESULTS the median age was 45 years (range 2-84 years). Majority of the patients were males (66.5%). The most affected age group was 50-59 years (21%). Children and adolescents were least affected; less than 10 years constituted 2.5% and 10-19 years constituted 4.5%. The commonest symptoms at presentation were fever (94%) and cough (92%). Ninety-four patients (47%) had underlying comorbidities; the commonest was hypertension (36%). Based on disease severity; 126 (63%) had mild disease, 22 (11%) had moderate disease and 52 (26%) had severe disease. The commonest complication was Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) seen in 29 (14.5%) patients. Out of the 200 cases managed, 189 (94.5%) were discharged in a stable condition while 11 (5.5%) died. Patients with under lying comorbidities had 9.6% death rate while those without comorbidities had 1.9% death rate. CONCLUSION among Nigerian patients', COVID-19 affects males more than females while children and adolescents were least affected. The study highlighted the clinical features of COVID-19 patients. The overall mortality rate is low among Nigerian patients compared to patients in the USA and Europe. This study shows that advanced age, presence of underlying comorbidities and disease severity is associated with the risk of dying from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Gga Kwaghe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria,,Corresponding author: Vivian Gga Kwaghe, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Zaiyad Garba Habib
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Alexander Agada Akor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Yunusa Thairu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Bawa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Francis Olayemi Adebayo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ayi Vandi Kwaghe
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja,,Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Galadima Usman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Idoko
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Akintola Oluseugun
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bissallah Ahmed Ekele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
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Ramatillah DL, Gan SH, Pratiwy I, Syed Sulaiman SA, Jaber AAS, Jusnita N, Lukas S, Abu Bakar U. Impact of cytokine storm on severity of COVID-19 disease in a private hospital in West Jakarta prior to vaccination. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262438. [PMID: 35077495 PMCID: PMC8789122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic and is a threat to global health. Patients who experienced cytokine storms tend to have a high mortality rate. However, to date, no study has investigated the impact of cytokine storms. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study included only COVID-19 positive patients hospitalized in a Private Hospital in West Jakarta between March and September 2020. All patients were not vaccinated during this period and treatment was based on the guidelines by the Ministry of Health Indonesia. A convenience sampling method was used and all patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. RESULTS The clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients following medical therapy was either cured (85.7%) or died (14.3%), with 14.3% patients reported to have cytokine storm, from which 23.1% led to fatalities. A plasma immunoglobulin (Gammaraas®) and/or tocilizumab (interleukin-6 receptor antagonist; Actemra®) injection was utilised to treat the cytokine storm while remdesivir and oseltamivir were administered to ameliorate COVID-19. Most (61.5%) patients who experienced the cytokine storm were male; mean age 60 years. Interestingly, all patients who experienced the cytokine storm had hypertension or/ and diabetes complication (100%). Fever, cough and shortness of breath were also the common symptoms (100.0%). Almost all (92.3%) patients with cytokine storm had to be treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). Most (76.9%) patients who had cytokine storm received hydroxychloroquine and all had antibiotics [1) azithromycin + levofloxacin or 2) meropenam for critically ill patients] and vitamins such as vitamins C and B-complex as well as mineral. Unfortunately, from this group, 23.1% patients died while the remaining 70% of patients recovered. A significant (p<0.05) correlation was established between cytokine storms and age, the presence of comorbidity, diabetes, hypertension, fever, shortness of breath, having oxygen saturation (SPO2) less than 93%, cold, fatigue, ward of admission, the severity of COVID-19 disease, duration of treatment as well as the use of remdesivir, Actemra® and Gammaraas®. Most patients recovered after receiving a combination treatment (oseltamivir + remdesivir + Antibiotics + Vitamin/Mineral) for approximately 11 days with a 90% survival rate. On the contrary, patients who received oseltamivir + hydroxychloroquine + Gammaraas® + antibiotics +Vitamin/Mineral, had a 83% survival rate after being admitted to the hospital for about ten days. CONCLUSION Factors influencing the development of a cytokine storm include age, duration of treatment, comorbidity, symptoms, type of admission ward and severity of infection. Most patients (76.92%) with cytokine storm who received Gammaraas®/Actemra®, survived although they were in the severe and critical levels (87.17%). Overall, based on the treatment duration and survival rate, the most effective therapy was a combination of oseltamivir + favipiravir + hydroxychloroquine + antibiotics + vitamins/minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Laila Ramatillah
- Pharmacy Faculty, Universitаs 17 Аgustus 1945 Jаkаrtа, North Jakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ika Pratiwy
- Pharmacy Faculty, Universitаs 17 Аgustus 1945 Jаkаrtа, North Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Nina Jusnita
- Pharmacy Faculty, Universitаs 17 Аgustus 1945 Jаkаrtа, North Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stefanus Lukas
- Pharmacy Faculty, Universitаs 17 Аgustus 1945 Jаkаrtа, North Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Usman Abu Bakar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Nkunzimana E, Bizimana JC, Ndoreraho A, Iteka L, Butoyi P, Leopold O, Nyandwi J. Clinical and Epidemiology Characteristics of COVID-19 Cases Detected During Mass Screening Campaign from July to October 2020 in Bujumbura, Burundi. East Afr Health Res J 2022; 6:127-133. [PMID: 36751687 PMCID: PMC9887485 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj.v6i2.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2 Virus). It was reported for the first time in Wuhan city, Hubei province of China. The first cases of COVID-19 in Burundi were identified on 31st March 2020. Several signs and symptoms, including mainly; fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia, and dyspnea are the most prominent characteristics of the disease. The aim of this study was to provide description of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases identified during the mass screening campaign conducted between July and October, 2020 in Burundi. Methods We conducted a retrospective secondary analysis of data of clients to the mass screening campaign in Bujumbura city that was run between July and October 2020. Clients with complete data and tested for COVID-19 with Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) were included in the study. Epi-Info 7.2.2.6 was used to perform descriptive and analytical statistics and Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) was used for cases mapping. Association between positive cases and independent variables such as sex, history of contact with confirmed COVID-19 case was measured using chi-square statistical test at a p-value of .05. Results The study included 20,114 participants. 243 (1.2%) were tested positive for COVID-19. The mean age for confirmed cases was 33 (±15) years. The majority of cases (72.8%) were between 20 and 59 years of age and they were predominantly males (67.9%). 164 (67.5%) were symptomatic and cough was the most frequent symptom observed 109 (66.5%), followed by rhinorrhea 69 (42.1%). Fever was present in only 18 (11.0%) of symptomatic patients. Participants with a history of contact with a COVID-19 confirmed case (aOR=2.2; 95%CI [1.6-3.0]; p-value <.001), were more likely to be positive for COVID-19. Also, those who were coughing (aOR=1.47; 95%CI [1.06-2.05]; p-value=.023) and having sore throat (aOR=2.4; 95%CI [1.1-4.9]; p-value=.02) were more likely to test positive for COVID-19. Conclusion This study revealed that a significant proportion (32.5%) of COVID-19 patients were silent carriers of the virus. Data highlighted that high proportion of cases were among the active age group and contacts with confirmed cases, and noted high proportion of asymptomatic cases at diagnosis. Measures including routine testing of asymptomatic contacts could contribute to tackling corona virus in Burundi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Nkunzimana
- Ministry of Public Health and Fight against AIDS, National Public Health Institute, Bujumbura, Burundi,Ministry of Public Health and Fight against AIDS, National Public Health Emergency Operation Centre, Bujumbura, Burundi,Correspondence to Edouard Nkunzimana ()
| | - Jean Claude Bizimana
- Ministry of Public Health and Fight against AIDS, National Public Health Emergency Operation Centre, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Adolphe Ndoreraho
- Ministry of Public Health and Fight against AIDS, National Public Health Institute, Bujumbura, Burundi,Ministry of Public Health and Fight against AIDS, National Public Health Emergency Operation Centre, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Liesse Iteka
- Ministry of Public Health and Fight against AIDS, National Public Health Emergency Operation Centre, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Pascal Butoyi
- Ministry of Public Health and Fight against AIDS, National Public Health Emergency Operation Centre, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | | | - Joseph Nyandwi
- Ministry of Public Health and Fight against AIDS, National Public Health Institute, Bujumbura, Burundi
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Azarbakhsh H, Jokari K, Moftakhar L, Ghelichi Ghojogh M, Karimyan A, Salmanzadeh S, Parian Zeitooni M, Khezri R, Valipour A. Epidemiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Southwest of Iran from February 19 to June 20, 2020. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:116. [PMID: 34956962 PMCID: PMC8683833 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 spread rapidly throughout the world and affected many people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in southwest of Iran from February 19 to June 20, 2020.
Methods: In this retrospective study, the epidemiological characteristics of 7313 patients with COVID-19 in southwest of Iran were analyzed and reported from February 19, 2020, to the end of Jun,2020. Data were extracted from electronic records in hospitals. Sex ratio and mortality rate of the disease were calculated. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors affecting mortality.
Results: From all patients studied, 3920 (53.5%) were men and 2066 (28.24%) were in the age 30 to 40 years age group. The case fatality rate of the disease based on the total number of patients (hospitalized and nonhospitalized) was 4.84%. The highest mortality rate was seen in patients with various cancers and in those aged over 80 years. The most common symptoms in patients were fever and cough, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Logistic regression results also showed that the chances of death in the 70-60 and 80-70 years age group were 5.94 (OR, 5.94; 95% CI, 2.14-16.43) and 8.63 (OR, 8.63, 95% CI, 3.09-24.14) compared to 10-20 years age group.
Conclusion: These results indicate the need to increase primary care, provide the necessary equipment to treat patients, and more importantly, early identification of patients and treatment for them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimia Jokari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Moftakhar
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mousa Ghelichi Ghojogh
- Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Azimeh Karimyan
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran
| | - Shokrollah Salmanzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Parian Zeitooni
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control of the Deputy Minister of Health, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Rozhan Khezri
- Urmia Health Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Valipour
- Department of Public Health, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
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11
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Akerele IO, Oreh AC, Kawu MB, Ahmadu A, Okechukwu JN, Mbo DN, John DJ, Habib F, Ashikeni MA. Clinical presentation and hospitalisation duration of 201 coronavirus disease 2019 patients in Abuja, Nigeria. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2021; 13:e1-e8. [PMID: 34797115 PMCID: PMC8603147 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v13i1.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is unfolding. Insights from patient features in different environments are therefore vital to understanding the disease and improving outcomes. AIM This study aimed to describe patient characteristics associated with symptomatic presentation and duration of hospitalisation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients managed in Abuja. SETTING The study was conducted in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 201 COVID-19 patients hospitalised in the Asokoro District Hospital COVID-19 Isolation and Treatment Centre between April 2020 and July 2020. Demographic and clinical data were obtained and outcomes assessed were symptom presentation and duration of hospitalisation. RESULTS Patients' median age was 39.3 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 26-52); 65.7% were male and 33.8% were health workers. Up to 49.2% of the patients were overweight or obese, 68.2% had mild COVID-19 at presentation and the most common symptoms were cough (38.3%) and fever (33.8%). Hypertension (22.9%) and diabetes mellitus (7.5%) were the most common comorbidities. The median duration of hospitalisation was 14.4 days (IQR: 9.5-19). Individuals with secondary and tertiary education had higher percentage symptoms presentation (8.5% and 34%, respectively), whilst a history of daily alcohol intake increased the length of hospital stay by 129.0%. CONCLUSION Higher educational levels were linked with symptom presentation in COVID-19 patients and that daily alcohol intake was significantly associated with longer hospital stay. These findings highlight the importance of public education on COVID-19 for symptom recognition, early presentation and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac O Akerele
- Department of Family Medicine, Asokoro District Hospital COVID-19 Isolation and Treatment Centre, Federal Capital Territory Administration, Abuja.
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12
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Mbagwu JPC, Olajugba JO, James-Okoro PP, Blessing O. Clinical progression of patients with COVID-19 in Lagos State, Nigeria. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 6:20. [PMID: 34514172 PMCID: PMC8418277 DOI: 10.1186/s41231-021-00099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of COVID-19 research has been devoted to characterizing the epidemiology and early clinical aspects of the virus. In Lagos, Nigeria, we looked at the temporal progression of COVID-19 patients. We included 1337 confirmed COVID-19 cases in our study from February 27th to March 27th 2020. Of the 1337 patients enrolled, the median age was 50 years old, and 800 (59.83%) were male while 537 (40.16%) were female. METHOD In symptomatic patients, the time from the beginning of signs to admission was 4 (2-7) days. Fever occurred in 217 (16.2%) while cough occurred in 211(15.78%) patients respectively. Patients were given 5-6 treatment, including nutrition support, supplementary oxygen, and antiviral medicines (e.g., Remdesivir, dexamethasone) in a limited percentage of cases. The assessed median period of infection in all patients was 10 days after the start of symptoms (95 confidential intervals [CIs]: 8-11 days). The duration of fever was slightly longer in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) than in those who were not (31 days versus 9 days, respectively, P < 0.003). RESULTS On day 7 after the onset of symptoms, radiological deterioration of the original picture was found in 500 (37.39%) patients. On day 13, 154 of these patients (94.5%) showed signs of radiological improvement. The average time it took for upper respiratory tract samples to test negative for reverse transcriptase PCR was 10 days (90 percent confidence interval: 10-12 days). Virus clearance was more significant in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients (P < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Community members should continue to adhere to the recommended methods of preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection and patients should seek care early to reduce the risk of mortality associated with the infection as rapidly as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- JP. C. Mbagwu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - J. O. Olajugba
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Obidike Blessing
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
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13
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Iroungou BA, Mangouka LG, Bivigou-Mboumba B, Moussavou-Boundzanga P, Obame-Nkoghe J, Nzigou Boucka F, Mouinga-Ondeme A, Aghokeng AF, Tchoua R, Pineau P, Nzenze JR. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated With Severity, Clinical Outcomes, and Mortality of COVID-19 Infection in Gabon. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2124190. [PMID: 34519768 PMCID: PMC8441589 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Since the emergence of COVID-19 in central China, sub-Saharan African countries, with the exception of South Africa, have been relatively spared during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, few descriptive studies from this region are available. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infection in Gabon, from March to June 2020. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A single-center, cross-sectional study of 837 patients with COVID-19 was conducted from March to June 2020 in the Armed Forces Hospital in Libreville, Gabon. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Demographic and clinical characteristics and imaging findings of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. RESULTS Of the 837 patients enrolled, 572 (68.3%) were men, and 264 (31.5%) were women (male to female ratio, 2:1); the median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 35 (30-45) years (mean [SD] age, 38.0 [12.2] years. The mortality rate associated with COVID-19 was low (1.4%). Of these 837 patients, 524 (62.6%) were categorized as having no symptoms, 282 (33.7%) as having mild symptoms, and 31 (3.7%) as having severe symptoms. Patients with severe symptoms were older (mean [SD] age, 46.1 [14.7] years) than patients with mild symptoms (mean [SD] age, 41.3 [12.5] years) and those with no symptoms (mean [SD] age, 35.7 [11.3] years) (Kruskal-Wallis χ22 = 53.5; P < .001). History of diabetes was the principal risk factor associated with both severe symptoms in 5 of 31 patients (16.1%) and mild symptoms in 11 of 282 (3.9%) compared with no symptoms in 5 of 524 (0.9%) (Pearson χ22 = 30.9; P < .001). Patients with severe symptoms and a fatal outcome were older (mean [SD] age, 53.4 [15.1] years) than survivors (mean [SD] age, 41.5 [12.9] years) (t20.83 = 2.2; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this single-center, cross-sectional study in Libreville, Gabon, the mortality rate associated with COVID-19 infection from March to June 2020 was low, and patients who died of COVID-19 infection were younger on average than reported elsewhere, possibly reflecting a smaller elderly population in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthe Amélie Iroungou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville et le Service de Santé Militaire, Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Berthold Bivigou-Mboumba
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville et le Service de Santé Militaire, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Pamela Moussavou-Boundzanga
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville et le Service de Santé Militaire, Libreville, Gabon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Judicaël Obame-Nkoghe
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
- Unité Écologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | | | - Augustin Mouinga-Ondeme
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville et le Service de Santé Militaire, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Avelin Fobang Aghokeng
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville et le Service de Santé Militaire, Libreville, Gabon
- Unité Mixite de Recherche, Institut de Recherche pour Developpement 224, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290, Maladies infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Tchoua
- Service de Réanimation, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Omar Bongo Ondimba, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Pascal Pineau
- Unité “Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse,” INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean Raymond Nzenze
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Omar Bongo Ondimba, Libreville, Gabon
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Zheng W, Kämpfen F, Huang Z. Health-seeking and diagnosis delay and its associated factors: a case study on COVID-19 infections in Shaanxi Province, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17331. [PMID: 34462494 PMCID: PMC8405662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This time-to-event study examines social factors associated with health-seeking and diagnosis of 165 COVID-19 cases in response to the pandemic spread in Shaanxi Province, China. In particular, we investigate the differential access to healthcare in terms of delayed time from symptom onset to first medical visit and subsequently to diagnosis by factors such as sex, age, travel history, and type of healthcare utilization. We show that it takes more time for patients older than 60 (against those under 30) to seek healthcare after developing symptoms (+ 2.5 days, [Formula: see text]), surveillance on people with living or travel history to Wuhan helps shorten the time to the first doctor visit (- 0.8 days) and diagnosis (- 2.2 days, [Formula: see text]). A delay cut is associated with the adoption of intermediary and large hospitals rather than community-based care as primary care choices (- 1.6 days, [Formula: see text] and - 2.2 days, [Formula: see text]). One unit increase of healthcare workers per 1000 people saves patients 0.5 days ([Formula: see text]) for diagnosis from the first doctor visit and 0.6 days ([Formula: see text]) in total. Our analysis of factors associated with the time delay for diagnosis may provide a better understanding of the health-seeking behaviors of patients and the diagnosis capacity of healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zheng
- School of Insurance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fabrice Kämpfen
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Center of Health Governance and Policy, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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15
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Terry PD, Heidel RE, Dhand R. Asthma in Adult Patients with COVID-19. Prevalence and Risk of Severe Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:893-905. [PMID: 33493416 PMCID: PMC8017581 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3266oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Health outcomes of people with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) range from no symptoms to severe illness and death. Asthma, a common chronic lung disease, has been considered likely to increase the severity of COVID-19, although data addressing this hypothesis have been scarce until very recently.Objectives: To review the epidemiologic literature related to asthma's potential role in COVID-19 severity.Methods: Studies were identified through the PubMed (MEDLINE) and medRxiv (preprint) databases using the search terms "asthma," "SARS-CoV-2" (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), and "COVID-19," and by cross-referencing citations in identified studies that were available in print or online before December 22, 2020.Measurements and Main Results: Asthma prevalence data were obtained from studies of people with COVID-19 and regional health statistics. We identified 150 studies worldwide that allowed us to compare the prevalence of asthma in patients with COVID-19 by region, disease severity, and mortality. The results of our analyses do not provide clear evidence of increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, severity, or mortality due to asthma.Conclusions: These findings could provide some reassurance to people with asthma regarding its potential to increase their risk of severe morbidity from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajiv Dhand
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee
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16
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Alasia D, Owhonda G, Maduka O, Nwadiuto I, Arugu G, Tobin-West C, Azi E, Oris-Onyiri V, Urang IJ, Abikor V, Olofinuka AM, Adebiyi O, Somiari A, Avundaa H, Alali A. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 646 hospitalised SARS-Cov-2 positive patients in Rivers State Nigeria: a prospective observational study. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:25. [PMID: 33777293 PMCID: PMC7955600 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.25.26755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the knowledge of epidemiologic and clinical variables in patients with SARS- CoV-2 infection provides evidence and lessons that are useful for the pandemic response, with consideration of National and sub-National variations. The objective of this study was to characterize and describe the clinical and epidemiologic features of all the hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in Rivers State Nigeria, from March to August 2020. METHODS a prospective descriptive multi-center study of patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT PCR, who were hospitalised for treatment and self-isolation in four treatment centers in Rivers state, Nigeria. RESULTS the mean age of all the patients was 39.21 ± 12.31 years, with a range of 2 to 77 years. The majority of patients were in the 31 to 40-year (33.0%), 41 to 50-year (23.1%) and 18-to 30-year (22.0%) age groups. The patient population included 474 (73.4%) males and 172 (26.6%) females, with 93 (14.4%) healthcare workers. A history of contact and travel was established in 38.5% and at least one comorbid disease condition was present in 32.8% of patients. Patients with severe disease were 61 (9.45%), while the overall case fatality rate was 2%. The leading comorbid disease conditions were Hypertension in 23.8% and diabetes in 7.7% of patients. Fever (26.0%), dry Cough (17.6%), dyspnoea (12.7%), anosmia (12.7%) and headache (9.9%) were the most common symptoms. The presence of comorbidity and increasing age predicted death from COVID-19. CONCLUSION the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of this cohort of hospitalised patients show significant similarities with existing trends from previously reported studies, with contextual peculiarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datonye Alasia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Golden Owhonda
- Department of Public Health and Disease Control, Rivers State Ministry of Health, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Omosivie Maduka
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Nwadiuto
- Department of Public Health and Disease Control, Rivers State Ministry of Health, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Godswill Arugu
- Department of Public Health and Disease Control, Rivers State Ministry of Health, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Charles Tobin-West
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Esther Azi
- Department of Community Medicine, Rivers State University Port-Harcourt, Nigeria, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Oris-Onyiri
- Department of Public Health and Disease Control, Rivers State Ministry of Health, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Inwon Joseph Urang
- Department of Community Health, Rivers State Primary Health Care Management Board, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Abikor
- Department of Public Health and Disease Control, Rivers State Ministry of Health, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | | | - Obelebra Adebiyi
- Department of Public Health and Disease Control, Rivers State Ministry of Health, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Abiye Somiari
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Hope Avundaa
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Aloni Alali
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria
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