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Sárik JR, Hetényi A, Berkecz R, Szatmári I, Lőrinczi B. Ortho-quinone methide driven synthesis of kynurenic acid lactams. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22123-22131. [PMID: 39005244 PMCID: PMC11240218 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04341c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactam formation of different KYNA amides and Mannich bases mediated by ortho-quinone methide has been investigated. The efficiency of the two routes of the cyclization process was revealed and the influence of diverse amide side chains was explored. In this regard compounds bearing a tertiary amine function in the amide side chain resulted in the formation of the lactam product, while the formation of dimer derivatives was observed in the case of other KYNA amides. Furthermore, derivatives bearing different substituents on the KYNA B ring were synthesized and their effects on the ring-closure reaction were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Robin Sárik
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Anasztázia Hetényi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Róbert Berkecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged H-6720 Szeged Somogyi u. 4 Hungary
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre H-6724 Szeged Kossuth Lajos sgt. 40 Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
- HUN-REN SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Bálint Lőrinczi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
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2
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Simon P, Lőrinczi B, Szatmári I. Alkoxyalkylation of Electron-Rich Aromatic Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6966. [PMID: 39000077 PMCID: PMC11241777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkoxyalkylation and hydroxyalkylation methods utilizing oxo-compound derivatives such as aldehydes, acetals or acetylenes and various alcohols or water are widely used tools in preparative organic chemistry to synthesize bioactive compounds, biosensors, supramolecular compounds and petrochemicals. The syntheses of such molecules of broad relevance are facilitated by acid, base or heterogenous catalysis. However, degradation of the N-analogous Mannich bases are reported to yield alkoxyalkyl derivatives via the retro-Mannich reaction. The mutual derivative of all mentioned species are quinone methides, which are reported to form under both alkoxy- and aminoalkylative conditions and via the degradation of the Mannich-products. The aim of this review is to summarize the alkoxyalkylation (most commonly alkoxymethylation) of electron-rich arenes sorted by the methods of alkoxyalkylation (direct or via retro-Mannich reaction) and the substrate arenes, such as phenolic and derived carbocycles, heterocycles and the widely examined indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Lőrinczi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HUN REN SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Simon P, Lőrinczi B, Szatmári I. C-3 alkoxymethylation of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline 2-carboxylic acid esters via organic additives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32188. [PMID: 38882378 PMCID: PMC11176925 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Esters of kynurenic acid, a known neuroprotective agent were reacted with cyclic amino acids to yield novel alkoxymethylated products under optimized reaction conditions. The importance of amino acid based (primary, secondary, biogenic and synthetic) organic additives was proven by the conduction of numerous test reactions. Thoroughly extended investigations, directly focusing on amino acid catalysis, which is an emerging and up-to-date field of catalysis and green chemical processes, have been conducted. The mechanism of the alkoxymethylation reaction was proposed and later the findings supported the hypothesis of the first retro-Mannich step (formation of the ortho-quinone methide intermediate) and subsequent formation of the alkoxymethylated derivatives. As a preparative result, two novel kynurenic acid derivatives bearing an alkoxymethyl moiety and two additional derivatives having amino acid residues at the site C-3 were synthesized, thus setting the scope and limitations of the modified Mannich reaction of kynurenic acid derivatives using amino acid nucleophiles. The mechanistic investigations highlighted the significant physicochemical effects of used nucleophiles on the amino-acid driven one-pot retro-Mannich initiated alkoxylation of kynurenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Lőrinczi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
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4
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Deng S, Zhang E, Zhao Y, Guo H, Luo L, Yi S, Zheng B, Mu X, Yuan K, Deng X, Rong H, Ma Y, Bian W, Shen H. Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) induce behavioral disorders via the disturbance of kynurenine pathway in zebrafish larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 279:109865. [PMID: 38403007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) expands the use of graphene derivatives in nanomedicine for its direct therapeutic applications in treating neurodegeneration, inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and among others. Nevertheless, the biosafety assessment of GQDs remains deficient mostly because of the diverse surface characteristics of the nanoparticles. Our prior work demonstrated that GQDs can induce strong thigmotactic effects in zebrafish larvae over a wide range of concentrations, yet the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a further exploration about graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) for its potential neurotoxic effect on the behaviors of zebrafish larvae by combining neurotransmitter-targeted metabolomics with locomotion analysis. After continuous exposure to a concentration gradient of GOQDs (12.5 - 25 - 50 - 100 - 200 μg/mL) for 7 days, the thigmotactic activities of zebrafish larvae were observed across all exposure concentrations relative to the control group, while the basal locomotor activities, including distance moved and average velocity, were significantly changed by low concentrations of GOQDs. Targeted metabolomics was performed using zebrafish larvae at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) that were exposed to 12.5 and 200 μg/mL, both of which were found to perturb the kynurenine pathway by regulating the levels of kynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), and quinolinic acid (QA). Furthermore, the thigmotaxis of larval fish induced by GOQDs during exposure could be counteracted by supplementing Ro-61-8048, an agonist acting on kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO). In conclusion, our study establishes the involvement of the kynurenine pathway in GOQDs-induced thigmotaxis, which is independent of the transcriptional modulation of glutamate receptor families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Deng
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Enming Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunyang Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hao Guo
- School of Sports Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Song Yi
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bingxin Zheng
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Mu
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kezhu Yuan
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuangen Deng
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haibo Rong
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wanping Bian
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Hai Shen
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Alotaibi BS, Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A, Abd-Elhakim YM, Noreldin AE, Elhamouly M, Khamis T, El-Far AH, Alosaimi ME, Dahran N, Alqahtani LS, Nicotra M, El-Gamal M, Di Cerbo A. Exploring the link between pyrethroids exposure and dopaminergic degeneration through morphometric, immunofluorescence, and in-silico approaches: the therapeutic role of chitosan-encapsulated curcumin nanoparticles. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1388784. [PMID: 38751787 PMCID: PMC11094265 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The synthetic pyrethroid derivative fenpropathrin (FNE), a commonly used insecticide, has been associated with various toxic effects in mammals, particularly neurotoxicity. The study addressed the hallmarks of the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease upon oral exposure to fenpropathrin (FNE), mainly the alteration of dopaminergic markers, oxidative stress, and molecular docking in rat models. In addition, the protective effect of curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (CRM-Chs-NPs) was also assessed. Methods: In a 60-day trial, 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, CRM-Chs-NPs (curcumin-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles), FNE (15 mg/kg bw), and FNE + CRM-Chs-NPs. Results: FNE exposure induced reactive oxygen species generation, ATP production disruption, activation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, mitochondrial function and dynamics impairment, neurotransmitter level perturbation, and mitophagy promotion in rat brains. Molecular docking analysis revealed that FNE interacts with key binding sites of dopamine synthesis and transport proteins. On the other hand, CRM-Chs-NPs mitigated FNE's toxic effects by enhancing mitochondrial dynamics, antioxidant activity, and ATP production and promoting anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic responses. Conclusion: In summary, FNE appears to induce dopaminergic degeneration through various mechanisms, and CRM-Chs-NPs emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention for protecting the nervous tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Elhamouly
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Manal E. Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena S. Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Nicotra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Mohamed El-Gamal
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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Yu Z, Lin Y, Wu L, Wang L, Fan Y, Xu L, Zhang L, Wu W, Tao J, Huan F, Liu W, Wang J, Gao R. Bisphenol F exposure induces depression-like changes: Roles of the kynurenine metabolic pathway along the "liver-brain" axis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123356. [PMID: 38266696 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF), one of the major alternatives of Bisphenol A (BPA), is becoming extensively used in industrial production with great harm to human beings and environment. Recent studies have revealed that environmental exposure is crucial to the initiation and development of depression. Thereby, the aim the present study is to ascertain the correlationship between the BPF exposure and depression occurrence. In the current study, BPF strikingly triggered depression-like changes in mice through the sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST), accompanied by the perturbation of the kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway along the "liver-brain" axis. Mechanistically, the neurotransmitters from the tryptophan metabolic pathway were converted to the toxic KYN pathway after BPF treatment. With the ELISA assay, it revealed that the toxic KYN metabolites, including KYN and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), were strikingly increased in the mouse brains which was ascribed to the enhanced expression of the rate-limiting enzymes Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) respectively. Interestingly, the increased brain KYN induced by BPF was also validated partially from the periphery, since the ELISA and western blotting results indicated the significantly increased KYN in the serum and L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in the brain, the key transporter responsible for KYN and 3-HK crossing the blood-brain barrier. Intriguingly, the liver-derived KYN metabolic pathway was the important source of the peripheral KYN and 3-HK, as BPF substantially enhanced hepatic IDO1, Tryptophan, 2, 3-dioxygenase (TDO2), and KMO levels indicated by western blotting. This study is the first to delineate previously unrecognized BPF-induced depression by regulating the KYN metabolic pathway along the "liver-brain" axis; therefore, targeting LAT1 or hepatic KYN signaling may provide a potentially unique therapeutic intervention in BPF-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China; The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yichun Fan
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Liuting Xu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Linwei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Weilan Wu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jingxian Tao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fei Huan
- Department of Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Wu AG, Yong YY, He CL, Li YP, Zhou XY, Yu L, Chen Q, Lan C, Liu J, Yu CL, Qin DL, Wu JM, Zhou XG. Novel 18-norspirostane steroidal saponins: Extending lifespan and mitigating neurodegeneration through promotion of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 218:111901. [PMID: 38215997 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacological strategies to delay aging and combat age-related diseases are increasingly promising. This study explores the anti-aging and therapeutic effects of two novel 18-norspirostane steroidal saponins from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim, namely deoxytrillenoside CA (DTCA) and epitrillenoside CA (ETCA), using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Both DTCA and ETCA significantly extended the lifespan of wild-type N2 worms and improved various age-related phenotypes, including muscle health, motility, pumping rate, and lipofuscin accumulation. Furthermore, these compounds exhibited notable alleviation of pathology associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), such as the reduction of α-synuclein and poly40 aggregates, improvement in motor deficits, and mitigation of neuronal damage. Meanwhile, DTCA and ETCA improved the lifespan and healthspan of PD- and HD-like C. elegans models. Additionally, DTCA and ETCA enhanced the resilience of C. elegans against heat and oxidative stress challenges. Mechanistic studies elucidated that DTCA and ETCA induced mitophagy and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in C. elegans, while genetic mutations or RNAi knockdown affecting mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis effectively eliminated their capacity to extend lifespan and reduce pathological protein aggregates. Together, these compelling findings highlight the potential of DTCA and ETCA as promising therapeutic interventions for delaying aging and preventing age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yong
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chang-Long He
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xing-Yue Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Cai Lan
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chong-Lin Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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8
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Fu M, Chen Y, Yang A. Ochratoxin A induces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), leading to retinal damage in mice. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:72. [PMID: 38349605 PMCID: PMC10864473 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination of food and feed is a serious problem worldwide. OTA is considered a carcinogen and immunotoxic, nephrotoxic, and neurotoxic mycotoxin. The present study aims to determine the toxic effects of OTA on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and assess the resulting impairment of retinal function in mice. METHODS RGC-5 cells were exposed to OTA (100 and 200 μg/L) for 3 days, and the mice were fed OTA-contain (100 and 200 μg/kg) diets for 4 weeks. Antioxidant indices were detected by spectrophotometer. The apoptosis of RGC-5 cells was determined by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by immunofluorescence. RGC survival was determined by immunofluorescence staining with Brn3a. Flash electroretinography (ERG) was conducted to assess visual function. RESULTS The oxidative-antioxidant balance suggested that OTA-induced severe oxidative stress, including increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the OTA-exposed RGC-5 cells, and the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the OTA exposed group. Furthermore, OTA exposure led to remarkable apoptosis in RGC-5 cells. The mitochondrial detection showed that OTA caused significant mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and mitochondrial fragmentation, which may be the cause of apoptosis of RGC-5 cells. Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that OTA resulted in significant death of RGCs and subsequent retinal dysfunction in mice. CONCLUSION Ochratoxin A induces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and RGCs death in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anhuai Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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9
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Li F, Wu C, Wang G. Targeting NAD Metabolism for the Therapy of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:218-240. [PMID: 37253984 PMCID: PMC10838897 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the aging population continues to grow rapidly, age-related diseases are becoming an increasing burden on the healthcare system and a major concern for the well-being of elderly individuals. While aging is an inevitable process for all humans, it can be slowed down and age-related diseases can be treated or alleviated. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a critical coenzyme or cofactor that plays a central role in metabolism and is involved in various cellular processes including the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, post-translational protein modifications, DNA repair, and immune responses. As individuals age, their NAD levels decline, and this decrease has been suggested to be a contributing factor to the development of numerous age-related diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. In pursuit of healthy aging, researchers have investigated approaches to boost or maintain NAD levels. Here, we provide an overview of NAD metabolism and the role of NAD in age-related diseases and summarize recent progress in the development of strategies that target NAD metabolism for the treatment of age-related diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chou Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gelin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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10
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Zhang SH, Jia XY, Wu Q, Jin J, Xu LS, Yang L, Han JG, Zhou QH. The involvement of the gut microbiota in postoperative cognitive dysfunction based on integrated metagenomic and metabolomics analysis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0310423. [PMID: 38108273 PMCID: PMC10714990 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03104-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE As the population ages and medical technology advances, anesthesia procedures for elderly patients are becoming more common, leading to an increased prevalence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. However, the etiology and correlation between the gut microbiota and cognitive dysfunction are poorly understood, and research in this area is limited. In this study, mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction were found to have reduced levels of fatty acid production and anti-inflammatory flora in the gut, and Bacteroides was associated with increased depression, leading to cognitive dysfunction and depression. Furthermore, more specific microbial species were identified in the disease model, suggesting that modulation of host metabolism through gut microbes may be a potential avenue for preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-hua Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-yu Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Jin
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long-sheng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-gang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-he Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Mehdi S, Wani SUD, Krishna K, Kinattingal N, Roohi TF. A review on linking stress, depression, and insulin resistance via low-grade chronic inflammation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 36:101571. [PMID: 37965066 PMCID: PMC10641573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a disturbance in homeostasis caused by psychological, physiological, or environmental factors. Prolonged reactions to chronic stress can be detrimental, resulting in various metabolic abnormalities, referred to as metabolic syndrome (MS). There is a reciprocal increased risk between MS and major depressive disorder. Recent studies established an association between inflammation and insulin signaling in type 2 diabetes mellitus with depression. In the present review, we discuss chronic low-grade inflammation, pathways of insulin resistance, and brain glucose metabolism in the context of neuroinflammation and depression. Specific attention is given to psychotropic drugs such as bupropion, mirtazapine, and nefazodone, anti-inflammatory drugs like Celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor), Etanercept, adalimumab, IL-4Ra antagonist, Anti-IL- 17A antibody (Ixekizumab) and lifestyle modifications including exercise, dietary changes, and sleep hygiene. These therapeutic solutions offer potential in treating depression by targeting metabolic conditions like insulin resistance and inflammatory pathways. The article further explains the significance of a nutrition and antioxidants-rich diet, emphasizing the role of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, zinc, and polyphenols, to improve immunity and activate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mehdi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570 015, India
| | - Shahid Ud Din Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - K.L. Krishna
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570 015, India
| | - Nabeel Kinattingal
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570 015, India
| | - Tamsheel Fatima Roohi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570 015, India
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Ferreira FS, Junior OVR, Dos Santos TM, Silveira JS, Deniz BF, Alves VS, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB, Wyse ATS. Effect of Quinolinic Acid on Behavior, Morphology, and Expression of Inflammatory/oxidative Status in Rats' Striatum: Is Coenzyme Q 10 a Good Protector? Neurotox Res 2023; 41:559-570. [PMID: 37515718 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is a toxic compound with pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic actions found at high levels in the central nervous system (CNS) in several pathological conditions. Due to the toxicity of QUIN, it is important to evaluate strategies to protect against the damage caused by this metabolite in the brain. In this context, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a provitamin present in the mitochondria with a protective role in cells through several mechanisms of action. Based on these, the present study was aimed at evaluating the possible neuroprotective role of CoQ10 against damage caused by QUIN in the striatum of young Wistar rats. Twenty-one-day-old rats underwent a 10-day pretreatment with CoQ10 or saline (control) intraperitoneal injections and on the 30th day of life received QUIN intrastriatal or saline (control) administration. The animals were submitted to behavior tests or euthanized, and the striatum was dissected to neurochemical studies. Results showed that CoQ10 was able to prevent behavioral changes (the open field, object recognition, and pole test tasks) and neurochemical parameters (alteration in the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, SOD, and GPx, as well as in the immunocontent of cytoplasmic Nrf2 and nuclear p-Nf-κβ) caused by QUIN. These findings demonstrate the promising therapeutic effects of CoQ10 against QUIN toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Vieira Ramires Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ferrary Deniz
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Santos Alves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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13
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Tandoro Y, Chen BK, Ali A, Wang CK. Review of Phytochemical Potency as a Natural Anti- Helicobacter pylori and Neuroprotective Agent. Molecules 2023; 28:7150. [PMID: 37894629 PMCID: PMC10609179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are plant secondary metabolites that show health benefits for humans due to their bioactivity. There is a huge variety of phytochemicals that have already been identified, and these compounds can act as antimicrobial and neuroprotection agents. Due to their anti-microbial activity and neuroprotection, several phytochemicals might have the potency to be used as natural therapeutic agents, especially for Helicobacter pylori infection and neurodegenerative disease, which have become a global health concern nowadays. According to previous research, there are some connections between H. pylori infection and neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease. Hence, this comprehensive review examines different kinds of phytochemicals from natural sources as potential therapeutic agents to reduce H. pylori infection and improve neurodegenerative disease. An additional large-scale study is needed to establish the connection between H. pylori infection and neurodegenerative disease and how phytochemicals could improve this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanes Tandoro
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.T.); (B.-K.C.); (A.A.)
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, Surabaya 60265, Indonesia
| | - Bo-Kai Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.T.); (B.-K.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.T.); (B.-K.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.T.); (B.-K.C.); (A.A.)
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14
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Felis-Giemza A, Massalska M, Roszkowski L, Romanowska-Próchnicka K, Ciechomska M. Potential Mechanism of Fatigue Induction and Its Management by JAK Inhibitors in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3949-3965. [PMID: 37706062 PMCID: PMC10497048 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s414739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that fatigue is a highly disabling symptom commonly observed in inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs). Fatigue is strongly associated with a poor quality of life and seems to be an independent predictor of job loss and disability in patients with different rheumatic diseases. Although the pathogenesis of fatigue remains unclear, indirect data suggest the cooperation of the immune system, the central and autonomic nervous system, and the neuroendocrine system in the induction and sustainment of fatigue in chronic diseases. Fatigue does not correspond with disease activity and its mechanism in IRDs. It is suggested that it may change over time and vary between individuals. Abnormal production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferons (IFNs), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), TNF, IL-15, IL-17 play a role in both IRDs and subsequent fatigue development. Some of these cytokines such as IL-6, IFNs, GM-CSF, and common gamma-chain cytokines (IL-15, IL-2, and IL-7) activate the Janus Kinases (JAKs) family of intracellular tyrosine kinases. Therapy blocking JAKs (JAK inhibitors - JAKi) has been recently proven to be an effective approach for IRDs treatment, more efficient in pain reduction than anti-TNF. Therefore, the administration of JAKi to IRDs patients experiencing fatigue may find rational implications as a therapeutic modulator not only of disease inflammatory symptoms but also fatigue with its components like pain and neuropsychiatric features as well. In this review, we demonstrate the latest information on the mechanisms of fatigue in rheumatic diseases and the potential effect of JAKi on fatigue reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Felis-Giemza
- Biologic Therapy Center, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Massalska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Roszkowski
- Department of Outpatient Clinics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Ciechomska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Simon P, Lőrinczi B, Hetényi A, Szatmári I. Novel Eco-friendly, One-Pot Method for the Synthesis of Kynurenic Acid Ethyl Esters. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17966-17975. [PMID: 37251176 PMCID: PMC10210203 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of kynurenic acid derivatives with potential biological effect was investigated and optimized for one-batch, two-step microwave-assisted reactions. Utilizing both chemically and biologically representative non-, methyl-, methoxy-, and chlorosubstituted aniline derivatives, in catalyst-free conditions, syntheses of seven kynurenic acid derivatives were achieved in a time frame of 2-3.5 h. In place of halogenated reaction media, tuneable green solvents were introduced for each analogue. The potential of green solvent mixtures to replace traditional solvents and to alter the regioisomeric ratio regarding the Conrad-Limpach method was highlighted. The advantages of the fast, eco-friendly, inexpensive analytic technique of TLC densitometry were emphasized for reaction monitoring and conversion determination in comparison to quantitative NMR. Moreover, the developed 2-3.5 h syntheses were scaled-up to achieve gram-scale products of KYNA derivatives, without altering the reaction time in the halogenated solvent DCB and more importantly in its green substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simon
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Lőrinczi
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anasztázia Hetényi
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Stereochemistry
Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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16
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Wang SC, Yokoyama JS, Tzeng NS, Tsai CF, Liu MN. Treatment resistant depression in elderly. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 281:25-53. [PMID: 37806715 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Treatment refractory depression (TRD) in the elderly is a common psychiatric disorder with high comorbidity and mortality. Older adults with TRD often have complicated comorbidities and several predisposing risk factors, which may lead to neuropsychiatric dysfunction and poor response to treatment. Several hypotheses suggest the underlying mechanisms, including vascular, immunological, senescence, or abnormal protein deposition. Treatment strategies for TRD include optimization of current medication dose, augmentation, switching to an alternative agent or class, and combination of different antidepressant classes, as well as nonpharmacological adjuvant interventions such as biophysical stimulation and psychotherapy. In summary, treatment recommendations for TRD in the elderly favor a multimodal approach, combining pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chiang Wang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-N Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Tang HT, Zhang YP, Zhao S, Song C. Common mechanisms involved in lung cancer and depression: The dominant role of interleukin-6-IDO pathway in the lung-brain axis. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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18
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Anitha A, Thanseem I, Iype M, Thomas SV. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cognitive neurodevelopmental disorders: Cause or effect? Mitochondrion 2023; 69:18-32. [PMID: 36621534 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a crucial role in brain development and neurogenesis, both in embryonic and adult brains. Since the brain is the highest energy consuming organ, it is highly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. This has been implicated in a range of brain disorders including, neurodevelopmental conditions, psychiatric illnesses, and neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and nuclear DNA encoding mitochondrial proteins, have been associated with several cognitive disorders. However, it is not yet clear whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary cause of these conditions or a secondary effect. Our review article deals with this topic, and brings out recent advances in mitochondria-oriented therapies. Mitochondrial dysfunction could be involved in the pathogenesis of a subset of disorders involving cognitive impairment. In these patients, mitochondrial dysfunction could be the cause of the condition, rather than the consequence. There are vast areas in this topic that remains to be explored and elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyappan Anitha
- Dept. of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India.
| | - Ismail Thanseem
- Dept. of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Mary Iype
- Dept. of Pediatric Neurology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 011, Kerala, India; Dept. of Neurology, ICCONS, Thiruvananthapuram 695 033, Kerala, India
| | - Sanjeev V Thomas
- Dept. of Neurology, ICCONS, Thiruvananthapuram 695 033, Kerala, India
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19
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The Influence of Exercise Intensity on Tryptophan Metabolites in Thoroughbred Horses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010107. [PMID: 36678604 PMCID: PMC9864980 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Catabolism of tryptophan (Trp) is modulated by physical activity and provides a pool of active compounds: Trp is considered a calmative agent, kynurenine (Kyn) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKyn) show neurotoxic effects, kynurenic acid (Kyna) and xanthurenic acid (XA) have neuroprotective properties like nicotinamide (NAm), while serotonin is the neurotransmitter. The study was conducted to investigate the dependence of exercise intensity, measured by plasma lactic acid (LA) concentration, on the level of Trp, its catabolites (serotonin, Kyn, 3-HKyn, Kyna and XA), and NAm in Thoroughbred horses. A total of 18 young race Thoroughbred horses were investigated during exercise tests. Blood samples for analysis were collected: at rest, 10 min after the end of the exercise, and 60 min after the end of the exercise. Plasma LA was determined by the enzymatic method, Trp, and other metabolites using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In horses performing intense exercise, the concentration of LA, Kyn, XA and NAm was increased, while Trp was decreased. Significant correlations were detected for exercise-induced increase in LA and 3-HKyn, XA, and NAm. Considering the scope of changes in analyzed data, there is an expected neutral effect on the health status of exercised horses.
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20
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Abbasinezhad-Moud F, Mirzavi F, Rakhshandeh H, Mohebbati R, Forouzanfar F, Jalili-Nik M, Azadi N, Sanati M, Afshari AR, Soukhtanloo M. The Effects of Urolithin B and Auraptene on Quinolinic Acid-induced Toxicity in the SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Altern Lab Anim 2023; 51:30-38. [PMID: 36550678 DOI: 10.1177/02611929221146752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathological accumulation of quinolinic acid (QA) is often associated with neuritis and neuronal cell death in several neurodegenerative diseases, through the overproduction of free radicals. Urolithin B and auraptene have been reported to exert potent antioxidant effects - however, little is known about the protective effects of these compounds against QA-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the in vitro protective effects of urolithin B and auraptene against QA-induced neurotoxicity in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. The MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability, and flow cytometry was carried out to evaluate effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined. Our findings showed that auraptene at non-toxic concentrations had no protective effect on QA-induced toxicity. However, urolithin B at concentrations of 0.6 μM and 2.5 μM enhanced the viability of cells treated with QA. Moreover, while the percentage of apoptotic cells (i.e. in the sub-G1 phase) was shown to significantly increase after QA treatment, pre-treatment with urolithin B reduced the number of these apoptotic cells. Furthermore, urolithin B, as an antioxidant, also significantly reduced QA-induced ROS production. Our findings suggest that urolithin B may possess potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against QA-induced neurotoxicity that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Abbasinezhad-Moud
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, 48441Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nadia Azadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 196469North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Swaroop RS, Pradhan SS, Darshan VMD, Phalguna KS, Sivaramakrishnan V. Integrated network pharmacology approach shows a potential role of Ginseng catechins and ginsenosides in modulating protein aggregation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:333. [PMID: 36330377 PMCID: PMC9622974 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis is an incurable, progressive neurodegenerative motor neuron disease. The disease is characterized by protein aggregates. The symptoms include weakness, denervation of muscles, atrophy and progressive paralysis of bulbar and respiratory muscles and dysphagia. Various secondary metabolites are evaluated for their ability to improve symptoms in ALS. Ginseng has been traditionally used for treating several neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies using model systems have shown a potential role of Ginseng catechins and Ginsenosides in clearing protein aggregation associated with ALS. We focus on Network pharmacology approach to understand the effect of Ginseng catechins or ginsenosides on protein aggregation associated with ALS. A catechin/ginsenoside-protein interaction network was generated and the pathways obtained were compared with those obtained from transcriptomic datasets of ALS from GEO database. Knock out of MAPK14, AKT and GSK from Catechin and BACE 1 from ginsenoside modulated pathways inhibited protein aggregation. Catechins and ginsenosides have potential as therapeutic agents in the management of ALS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03401-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sai Swaroop
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - V. M. Datta Darshan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Kanikaram Sai Phalguna
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
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22
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Lee CC, Liao YC, Lee MC, Cheng YC, Chiou SY, Lin JS, Huang CC, Watanabe K. Different Impacts of Heat-Killed and Viable Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 on Exercise Performance, Fatigue, Body Composition, and Gut Microbiota in Humans. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2181. [PMID: 36363775 PMCID: PMC9692508 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10, a probiotic strain, has been demonstrated to improve exercise performance, regulate body composition, and ameliorate age-related declines. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of viable and heat-killed TWK10 in the regulation of exercise performance, body composition, and gut microbiota in humans. Healthy adults (n = 53) were randomly divided into three groups: Control, TWK10 (viable TWK10, 3 × 1011 colony forming units/day), and TWK10-hk (heat-killed TWK10, 3 × 1011 cells/day) groups. After six-week administration, both the TWK10 and TWK10-hk groups had significantly improved exercise performance and fatigue-associated features and reduced exercise-induced inflammation, compared with controls. Viable TWK10 significantly promoted improved body composition, by increasing muscle mass proportion and reducing fat mass. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated significantly increasing trends in the relative abundances of Akkermansiaceae and Prevotellaceae in subjects receiving viable TWK10. Predictive metagenomic profiling revealed that heat-killed TWK10 administration significantly enhanced the signaling pathways involved in amino acid metabolisms, while glutathione metabolism, and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathways were enriched by viable TWK10. In conclusion, viable and heat-killed TWK10 had similar effects in improving exercise performance and attenuating exercise-induced inflammatory responses as probiotics and postbiotics, respectively. Viable TWK10 was also highly effective in regulating body composition. The differences in efficacy between viable and heat-killed TWK10 may be due to differential impacts in shaping gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chia Lee
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Cheng
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Yun Chiou
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Seng Lin
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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23
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Fathi M, Vakili K, Yaghoobpoor S, Tavasol A, Jazi K, Mohamadkhani A, Klegeris A, McElhinney A, Mafi Z, Hajiesmaeili M, Sayehmiri F. Dynamic changes in kynurenine pathway metabolites in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013784. [PMID: 36426364 PMCID: PMC9680557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by axonal damage, demyelination, and perivascular inflammatory lesions in the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS). Kynurenine pathway (KP), which is the major route of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, generates a variety of neurotoxic as well as neuroprotective compounds, affecting MS pathology and the severity of impairments. Alterations in KP have been described not only in MS, but also in various psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the previously reported dysregulation of KP and differences in its metabolites and enzymes in patients with MS compared to healthy control subjects. Method Electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science were searched to identify studies measuring concentrations of KP metabolites and enzymes in MS patients and control subjects. The following metabolites and enzymes implicated in the KP were investigated: TRP, kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), quinolinic acid (QUIN), picolinic acid (PIC), hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT), and their related ratios. Result Ten studies were included in our systematic review. Our review demonstrates that IDO expression is reduced in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MS patients compared to healthy controls. Also, increased levels of QUIN and QUIN/KYNA in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients is observed. Differences in levels of other metabolites and enzymes of KP are also reported in some of the reviewed studies, however there are discrepancies among the included reports. Conclusion The results of this investigation suggest a possible connection between alterations in the levels of KP metabolite or enzymes and MS. QUIN levels in CSF were higher in MS patients than in healthy controls, suggesting that QUIN may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS. The data indicate that differences in the serum/blood or CSF levels of certain KP metabolites and enzymes could potentially be used to differentiate between MS patients and control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Tavasol
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Jazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Alyssa McElhinney
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Zahedeh Mafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Siwicka-Gieroba D, Robba C, Gołacki J, Badenes R, Dabrowski W. Cerebral Oxygen Delivery and Consumption in Brain-Injured Patients. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1763. [PMID: 36573716 PMCID: PMC9698645 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organism survival depends on oxygen delivery and utilization to maintain the balance of energy and toxic oxidants production. This regulation is crucial to the brain, especially after acute injuries. Secondary insults after brain damage may include impaired cerebral metabolism, ischemia, intracranial hypertension and oxygen concentration disturbances such as hypoxia or hyperoxia. Recent data highlight the important role of clinical protocols in improving oxygen delivery and resulting in lower mortality in brain-injured patients. Clinical protocols guide the rules for oxygen supplementation based on physiological processes such as elevation of oxygen supply (by mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) modulation, cerebral vasoreactivity, oxygen capacity) and reduction of oxygen demand (by pharmacological sedation and coma or hypothermia). The aim of this review is to discuss oxygen metabolism in the brain under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University in Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Chiara Robba
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jakub Gołacki
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University in Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafael Badenes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical-Trauma Intensive Care, Hospital Clinic Universitari, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Wojciech Dabrowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University in Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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25
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Kshirsagar P, Gaikwad S, Pai S, Desai N, Bapat V. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and phytochemical investigation of eleven Clusiaceae members from Western Ghats, India. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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26
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Leptadenia hastata Leaf Extract ameliorates oxidative stress and serum biochemical parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced diabetes in Wistar rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022. [PMID: 36404850 PMCID: PMC9672294 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction : Diabetes Mellitus is a major health problem characterized by hyperglycemia and disturbances in metabolism and implicated in causing oxidative stress. Treatment includes administration of oral hypoglycaemic agents with lifestyle modifications, these offer glycemic control, however, present limitations about availability, affordability and side effects. Traditional anti-diabetic plants are becoming popular in management of diabetes mellitus. This study was carried out to determine the efficacy of Leptadenaia hastata in treatment of diabetes. Materials and methods Diabetes mellitus was induced in using a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg kg- 1 i.p.). The rats were divided into four groups of 5 rats each. Groups 3-6 received olive oil, 100 mg kg- 1 extract, 200 mg.kg- 1 extract and insulin (6IU kg- 1), respectively. 10 non-diabetic rats were grouped into two group receiving olive oil and 200 mg kg- 1 extract for 28 days. All groups were sacrificed by injecting with ketamine hydrochloride, blood was collected by cardiac puncture and centrifuged. The serum was analyzed for biochemical parameters. The liver was removed and homogenized with the supernatant of the resultant homogenate collected and used for analysis of oxidative stress enzymes. Results The extract significantly decreased serum AST (p < 0.05), ALP (p < 0.001), ALT (p < 0.05), TG (p < 0.01), TC (p < 0.001), creatinine (p < 0.001). It had no effect on SOD and CAT levels but it significantly increased (p < 0.001) GSH levels and reduced (p < 0.05) MDA level. Conclusions The n-hexane extract of Leptadenia hastata significantly decreased the levels of hepatic and renal serum biomarkers proving that it was beneficial in ameliorating diabetic related complications. The extract significantly increased GSH levels and reduced MDA level. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01017-z.
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27
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A multifunctional upconversion nanoparticles probe for Cu2+ sensing and pattern recognition of biothiols. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Neurotoxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Systematic Mapping and Review of Neuropathological Mechanisms. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080417. [PMID: 35893850 PMCID: PMC9331822 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies present the neurotoxic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of environmental pollutants capable of causing neurological deficits. However, a collective review approach to this research topic is scarce. This study presents the effect of PAHs on the central nervous system using a bibliometric approach. The neuropathological mechanisms of PAHs are also highlighted. Published articles were searched for in the Scopus and Web of Science databases from January 1979 to December 2020 using the keywords ‘polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons’ and ‘neurotoxicity’. The total number of documents retrieved from both databases was 338. Duplicated documents (80) were excluded and 258 articles were used for the final analysis. Our findings revealed that there has been a significant increase in research outputs on this topic in the last ten years. The countries with the highest scientific productivity in this area are USA, China, France and Italy. The result also showed that, in the past few years, global scientific output in research relating to PAH neurotoxicity focused on neurodegeneration, cholinergic function, neurodevelopmental toxicity, behavioural studies, oxidative stress, neuroprotection and therapeutic intervention using different experimental models, including zebrafish, neuronal cell lines, Caenorhabditis elegans and rats. Recent studies also revealed the neuroprotective roles of some natural products against PAH-induced neurotoxicity. However, more investigation involving clinical trials is required to emphasize the observed neurotoxic effects.
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29
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Lillo A, Marin S, Serrano-Marín J, Binetti N, Navarro G, Cascante M, Sánchez-Navés J, Franco R. Targeted Metabolomics Shows That the Level of Glutamine, Kynurenine, Acyl-Carnitines and Lysophosphatidylcholines Is Significantly Increased in the Aqueous Humor of Glaucoma Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:935084. [PMID: 35935793 PMCID: PMC9354463 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.935084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the aqueous humor of patients with glaucoma is relevant to understand the underlying causes of the pathology. Information on the concentration of metabolites and small molecules in the aqueous humor of healthy subjects is limited. Among the causes of the limitations is the lack of healthy controls since, until recently, they were not surgically intervened; therefore, the aqueous humor of patients operated for cataract was used as a reference. Sixteen aqueous humor samples from healthy subjects undergoing refractive surgery and eight samples from glaucoma patients were used to assess the concentration of 188 compounds using chromatography and mass spectrometry. The concentration of 80 of the 188 was found to be reliable, allowing comparison of data from the two groups (glaucoma and control). The pattern found in the controls is similar to, but not the same as, that reported using samples from “controls” undergoing cataract surgery. Comparing data from glaucoma patients and healthy subjects, 57 of the 80 compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) altered in the aqueous humor. Kynurenine and glutamine, but not glutamate, were significantly increased in the glaucoma samples. Furthermore, 10 compounds were selected considering a statistical score of p < 0.0001 and the degree of change of more than double or less than half. The level of C10 (decanoyl)-carnitine decreased, while the concentration of spermidine and various acyl-carnitines and lysophosphatidylcholines increased in glaucoma. Principal component analysis showed complete segregation of controls and cases using the data for the 10 selected compounds. The receiver operating characteristic curve these 10 compounds and for glutamine allowed finding cut-off values and significant sensitivity and specificity scores. The concentration of small metabolites in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients is altered even when they take medication and are well controlled. The imbalance affects membrane components, especially those of the mitochondria, suggesting that mitochondrial abnormalities are a cause or consequence of glaucoma. The increase in glutamine in glaucoma is also relevant because it could be a means of keeping the concentration of glutamate under control, thus avoiding its potential to induce the death of neurons and retinal cells. Equally notable was the increase in kynurenine, which is essential in the metabolism of nicotine adenine dinucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lillo
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Network Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Serrano-Marín
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Binetti
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, Network Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sánchez-Navés
- Department of Ophtalmology, Oftalmedic and I.P.O. Institute of Ophthalmology, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rafael Franco ;
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30
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Al-Hakkani MF, Gouda GA, Hassan SHA, Saddik MS, El-Mokhtar MA, Ibrahim MA, Mohamed MMA, Nagiub AM. Cefotaxime removal enhancement via bio-nanophotocatalyst α-Fe 2O 3 using photocatalytic degradation technique and its echo-biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11881. [PMID: 35831423 PMCID: PMC9279508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper evaluates the photocatalytic degradation (PCD) performance of the biofabricated hematite nanoparticles (α-HNPs) for the degradation approach of the Cefotaxime (Cfm). The optimum pH of the solution to achieve the best PCD was found to be 10.5. The kinetics study for the PCD of the Cfm via α-HNPs has been investigated and the reaction was found to be fellow pseudo-first-order at R2 = 0.992. The mass loading impact of α-HNPs was investigated and estimated for the maximum degradation of Cfm 0.4 mg/mL. UV–Vis confirmed that α-HNPs had a direct transition bandgap at 3.78 eV at a maximum absorption wavelength of 362 nm with suspension stability for 7 days. The probable mechanism of the Cfm PCD via α-HNPs and the degradation pathway was conducted. The validation of the suspension stability of the α-HNPs (−68.6 ± 11.8 mV) was determined using the zeta potential investigation test. XRD investigation was conducted after Cfm PCD showing an average crystallite size of 27.0 nm. XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, and FT-IR analyses have been conducted for the α-HNPs before and after Cfm PCD confirming the high efficiency for the reusability of the current biocatalyst α-HNPs for further use. TEM results of the particle sizes of α-HNPs were found at 19.2 ± 4.4 and 20.6 ± 7.4 nm respectively before and after Cfm PCD. The efficiency of the Cfm PCD was found to be 99.1% after 6 h. High potent as an antibacterial agent of α-HNPs was investigated either α-HNPs alone or after its PCD activity against Cfm. The antibacterial activity revealed high sensitivity, especially toward Gram-positive species indicating its promising ability against pathogenic issues. Interestingly, Cfm@α-HNPs showed superior anti-proliferative activity as tested by MTT assay and were able to induce apoptosis in MCF7 and HepG2 cell lines using the flow cytometry technique at 20.7% and 17% respectively. Also, The IC50 of hydrogen peroxide scavenging was estimated and it was manifested that 635.8 and 665.6 μg/mL of α-HNPs before and after the PCD process of Cfm respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa F Al-Hakkani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharja, 72511, Egypt.
| | - Gamal A Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Sedky H A Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, 123, Muscat, Oman.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharja, 72511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Saddik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Maggie A Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharja, 72511, Egypt
| | - Adham M Nagiub
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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Rodrigues JA, Narasimhamurthy RK, Joshi MB, Dsouza HS, Mumbrekar KD. Pesticides Exposure-Induced Changes in Brain Metabolome: Implications in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1539-1552. [PMID: 35781222 PMCID: PMC9515138 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides have been used in agriculture, public health programs, and pharmaceuticals for many decades. Though pesticides primarily target pests by affecting their nervous system and causing other lethal effects, these chemical entities also exert toxic effects in inadvertently exposed humans through inhalation or ingestion. Mounting pieces of evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies indicate that pesticide-exposed models display metabolite alterations of pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, identifying common key metabolites/metabolic pathways between pesticide-induced metabolic reprogramming and neurodegenerative diseases is necessary to understand the etiology of pesticides in the rise of neurodegenerative disorders. The present review provides an overview of specific metabolic pathways, including tryptophan metabolism, glutathione metabolism, dopamine metabolism, energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, fatty acids, and lipid metabolism that are specifically altered in response to pesticides. Furthermore, we discuss how these metabolite alterations are linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and to identify novel biomarkers for targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Arvin Rodrigues
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Rekha K Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Herman Sunil Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104.
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32
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Tong T, Qin X, Jiang Y, Guo H, Wang X, Li Y, Xie F, Lu H, Zhai P, Ma H, Zhang J. A novel CREB5/TOP1MT axis confers cisplatin resistance through inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Med 2022; 20:231. [PMID: 35773668 PMCID: PMC9248137 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin resistance is one of the main causes of treatment failure and death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A more comprehensive understanding of the cisplatin resistance mechanism and the development of effective treatment strategies are urgent. METHODS RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, and immunoblotting were used to identify differentially expressed genes associated with cisplatin resistance. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to detect the effect of CREB5 on cisplatin resistance and mitochondrial apoptosis in HNSCC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and immunoblotting experiments were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of CREB5. RESULTS CREB5 was significantly upregulated in cisplatin-resistant HNSCC (CR-HNSCC) patients, which was correlated with poor prognosis. CREB5 overexpression strikingly facilitated the cisplatin resistance of HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo, while CREB5 knockdown enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in CR-HNSCC cells. Interestingly, the activation of AKT signaling induced by cisplatin promoted nucleus translocation of CREB5 in CR-HNSCC cells. Furthermore, CREB5 transcriptionally activated TOP1MT expression depending on the canonical motif. Moreover, CREB5 silencing could trigger mitochondrial apoptosis and overcome cisplatin resistance in CR-HNSCC cells, which could be reversed by TOP1MT overexpression. Additionally, double-targeting of CREB5 and TOP1MT could combat cisplatin resistance of HNSCC in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel CREB5/TOP1MT axis conferring cisplatin resistance in HNSCC, which provides a new basis to develop effective strategies for overcoming cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Tong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Department of Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology Center for Microbiota & Immune Related Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Peisong Zhai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Synthesis of Indole-Coupled KYNA Derivatives via C–N Bond Cleavage of Mannich Bases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137152. [PMID: 35806158 PMCID: PMC9266300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KYNAs, a compound with endogenous neuroprotective functions and an indole that is a building block of many biologically active compounds, such as a variety of neurotransmitters, are reacted in a transformation building upon Mannich bases. The reaction yields triarylmethane derivatives containing two biologically potent skeletons, and it may contribute to the synthesis of new, specialised neuroprotective compounds. The synthesis has been investigated via two procedures and the results were compared to those of previous studies. A possible alternative reaction route through acid catalysis has been established.
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Tang H, Zheng Z, Wang H, Wang L, Zhao G, Wang P. Vitamin K2 Modulates Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in SH-SY5Y Cells via Mitochondrial Quality-Control Loop. Nutrients 2022; 14:1504. [PMID: 35406117 PMCID: PMC9003256 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K2, a natural fat-soluble vitamin, is a potent neuroprotective molecule, owing to its antioxidant effect, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we stimulated SH-SY5Y cells with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in a proper dose-dependent manner, followed by a treatment of vitamin K2. In the presence of 6-OHDA, cell viability was reduced, the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased. Moreover, the treatment of 6-OHDA promoted mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and abnormal mitochondrial fission and fusion. However, vitamin K2 significantly suppressed 6-OHDA-induced changes. Vitamin K2 played a significant part in apoptosis by upregulating and downregulating Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions, respectively, which inhibited mitochondrial depolarization, and ROS accumulation to maintain mitochondrial structure and functional stabilities. Additionally, vitamin K2 significantly inhibited the 6-OHDA-induced downregulation of the MFN1/2 level and upregulation of the DRP1 level, respectively, and this enabled cells to maintain the dynamic balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Furthermore, vitamin K2 treatments downregulated the expression level of p62 and upregulated the expression level of LC3A in 6-OHDA-treated cells via the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway, thereby promoting mitophagy. Moreover, it induced mitochondrial biogenesis in 6-OHDA damaged cells by promoting the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM. These indicated that vitamin K2 can release mitochondrial damage, and that this effect is related to the participation of vitamin K2 in the regulation of the mitochondrial quality-control loop, through the maintenance of the mitochondrial quality-control system, and repair mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby alleviating neuronal cell death mediated by mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfang Tang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
- Science Island Branch of Graduate, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhiming Zheng
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Genhai Zhao
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- CAS (Hefei) Institute of Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, China
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Ferreira FS, Dos Santos TM, Ramires Junior OV, Silveira JS, Schmitz F, Wyse ATS. Quinolinic Acid Impairs Redox Homeostasis, Bioenergetic, and Cell Signaling in Rat Striatum Slices: Prevention by Coenzyme Q 10. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:473-484. [PMID: 35239160 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an important agonist of NMDA receptors that are found at high levels in cases of brain injury and neuroinflammation. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate neuroprotection strategies capable of neutralizing the effects of the QUIN on the brain. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a provitamin that has an important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. This work aims to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of CoQ10 against the toxicity caused by QUIN. Striatal slices from 30-day-old Wistar rats were preincubated with CoQ10 25-100 μM for 15 min; then, QUIN 100 μM was added to the incubation medium for 30 min. A dose-response curve was used to select the CoQ10 concentration to be used in the study. Results showed that QUIN caused changes in the production of ROS, nitrite levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, and damage to proteins and lipids. CoQ10 was able to prevent the effects caused by QUIN, totally or partially, except for damage to proteins. QUIN also altered the activities of electron transport chain complexes and ATP levels, and CoQ10 prevented totally and partially these effects, respectively. CoQ10 prevented the increase in acetylcholinesterase activity, but not the decrease in the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase caused by QUIN. We also observed that QUIN caused changes in the total ERK and phospho-Akt content, and these effects were partially prevented by CoQ10. These findings suggest that CoQ10 may be a promising therapeutic alternative for neuroprotection against QUIN neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Osmar Vieira Ramires Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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36
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Brain Metabolic Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073785. [PMID: 35409145 PMCID: PMC8998942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is one of the most energy-consuming organs in the body. Satisfying such energy demand requires compartmentalized, cell-specific metabolic processes, known to be complementary and intimately coupled. Thus, the brain relies on thoroughly orchestrated energy-obtaining agents, processes and molecular features, such as the neurovascular unit, the astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling, and the cellular distribution of energy substrate transporters. Importantly, early features of the aging process are determined by the progressive perturbation of certain processes responsible for adequate brain energy supply, resulting in brain hypometabolism. These age-related brain energy alterations are further worsened during the prodromal stages of neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD), preceding the onset of clinical symptoms, and are anatomically and functionally associated with the loss of cognitive abilities. Here, we focus on concrete neuroenergetic features such as the brain's fueling by glucose and lactate, the transporters and vascular system guaranteeing its supply, and the metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons, and on its neurodegenerative-related disruption. We sought to review the principles underlying the metabolic dimension of healthy and AD brains, and suggest that the integration of these concepts in the preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for AD is key to improving the precision of these interventions.
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37
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Ouyang M, Zhang Q, Shu J, Wang Z, Fan J, Yu K, Lei L, Li Y, Wang Q. Capsaicin Ameliorates the Loosening of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes and Improves Cognitive Function in Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:822702. [PMID: 35370565 PMCID: PMC8968035 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.822702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on accumulating evidence, vascular factors contribute to cognitive decline and dementia. Mitochondrial dysfunction is the core pathophysiological mechanism. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are subcellular structures that physically and biologically connect mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulate multiple functions ranging from calcium transfer to mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics. MAMs dysfunction has been speculated to be a key factor contributing to the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders and a new therapeutic target. However, the alteration of MAMs in vascular cognitive impairment remains to be revealed. Capsaicin, a specific agonist known to activated the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), is involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory, but the detailed mechanism is still unclear. In this study, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model rats were created by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), which is a widely used model to study vascular dementia. We observed that CCH rats showed obvious cognitive deficits, and ER-mitochondria contacts were loosener with lower expression of mitofusin2 (MFN2), a key protein connecting MAMs, in the hippocampal CA1 region, compared to the sham group. After capsaicin treatment for 12 weeks, we found that cognitive deficits induced by CCH were significantly alleviated and loosened ER-mitochondrial interactions were obviously improved. In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight that MAMs may contribute to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment induced by CCH, and our new evidence that capsaicin improves cognitive function highlights a novel opportunity for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Gaoping District People’s Hospital of Nanchong, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiahui Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yichang Yiling Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu BOE Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Yu
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu BOE Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsong Wang,
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Joksimović N, Petronijević J, Milović E, Janković N, Kosanić M, Petrović N. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential, BSA and DNA Binding Properties of Some 3-Hydroxy-3-Pyrrolin-2-Ones Bearing Thenoyl Fragment. Med Chem 2022; 18:784-790. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220304230342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
It is known that pyrrolidinone derivates belong to a class of biologically active compounds with broad spectrum of biological actions. Nowadays, many scientists are making effort in the discovery of the more effective way to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause oxidative stress or to eliminate the harmful microorganisms from the organism in humans. Therefore, pyrrolidinones seem to be great candidates for the investigations this field.
Methods:
The antimicrobial activity of tested compounds was estimated by the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth micro-dilution method against four species of bacteria and five species of fungi. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging and reducing power.
Results:
Among the tested compounds, P22 showed marked antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 0.312 mg/mL. Maximum antifungal activity with MIC value 0.625 mg/mL was shown by P23 and P25 compounds against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Tested samples showed a relatively strong scavenging activity on DPPH radical (IC50 ranged from 166.75-727.17 µg/mL). The strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity was shown by the P3 compound with an IC50 value of 166.75 µg/mL. Moreover, the tested compounds had effective reducing power. Compounds P3, P10, and P13 showed the highest reducing power than those from the other samples. Results of the interactions between DNA or BSA and P3 indicated that P3 had the affinity to displace EB from the EB-DNA complex through intercalation [Ksv = (1.4 ± 0.1) × 105 M-1], while Ka values obtained via titration of BSA with P23 or P25 [Ka = (6.2 ± 0.2) and (5.0 ± 0.2) × 105 M-1] indicate that the notable quantity of the drug can be transmitted to the cells.
Conclusion:
Achieved results indicate that our compounds are potential candidates for use as medicaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Joksimović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Petronijević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Emilija Milović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marijana Kosanić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Hu L, Wang Z, Tong Z, Hu P, Kong L, Luo M, Li X, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Undescribed Meroterpenoids from
Hypericum japonicum
with Neuroprotective Effects on
H
2
O
2
Insult
SH‐SY5Y
Cells Targeting
Keap1‐Nrf2. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linzhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of High‐throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan 430062 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of High‐throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan 430062 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of High‐throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan 430062 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Luqi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of High‐throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan 430062 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of High‐throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan 430062 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Nian Li
- Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hubei University Wuhan 430062 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of High‐throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan 430062 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
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40
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Lee KS, Clennell B, Steward TGJ, Gialeli A, Cordero-Llana O, Whitcomb DJ. Focused Ultrasound Stimulation as a Neuromodulatory Tool for Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020289. [PMID: 35204052 PMCID: PMC8869888 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive focused ultrasound stimulation (FUS) is a non-ionising neuromodulatory technique that employs acoustic energy to acutely and reversibly modulate brain activity of deep-brain structures. It is currently being investigated as a potential novel treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD). This scoping review was carried out to map available evidence pertaining to the provision of FUS as a PD neuromodulatory tool. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews, a search was applied to Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on 13 January 2022, with no limits applied. In total, 11 studies were included: 8 were from China and 1 each from Belgium, South Korea and Taiwan. All 11 studies were preclinical (6 in vivo, 2 in vitro, 2 mix of in vivo and in vitro and 1 in silico). The preclinical evidence indicates that FUS is safe and has beneficial neuromodulatory effects on motor behaviour in PD. FUS appears to have a therapeutic role in influencing the disease processes of PD, and therefore holds great promise as an attractive and powerful neuromodulatory tool for PD. Though these initial studies are encouraging, further study to understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms is required before FUS can be routinely used in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Siang Lee
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; (K.S.L.); (B.C.); (T.G.J.S.); (A.G.); (O.C.-L.)
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Benjamin Clennell
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; (K.S.L.); (B.C.); (T.G.J.S.); (A.G.); (O.C.-L.)
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Tom G. J. Steward
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; (K.S.L.); (B.C.); (T.G.J.S.); (A.G.); (O.C.-L.)
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Andriana Gialeli
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; (K.S.L.); (B.C.); (T.G.J.S.); (A.G.); (O.C.-L.)
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Oscar Cordero-Llana
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; (K.S.L.); (B.C.); (T.G.J.S.); (A.G.); (O.C.-L.)
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Daniel J. Whitcomb
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; (K.S.L.); (B.C.); (T.G.J.S.); (A.G.); (O.C.-L.)
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
- Correspondence:
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Role of Bioactive Compounds in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Brain and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020257. [PMID: 35053373 PMCID: PMC8773907 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that participate in a wide range of metabolic processes, including energy production and biomolecule synthesis. The morphology and distribution of intracellular mitochondria change dynamically, reflecting a cell’s metabolic activity. Oxidative stress is defined as a mismatch between the body’s ability to neutralise and eliminate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). A determination of mitochondria failure in increasing oxidative stress, as well as its implications in neurodegenerative illnesses and apoptosis, is a significant developmental process of focus in this review. The neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds linked to neuronal regulation, as well as related neuronal development abnormalities, will be investigated. In conclusion, the study of secondary components and the use of mitochondrial features in the analysis of various neurodevelopmental diseases has enabled the development of a new class of mitochondrial-targeted pharmaceuticals capable of alleviating neurodegenerative disease states and enabling longevity and healthy ageing for the vast majority of people.
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Cao Y, Li B, Ismail N, Smith K, Li T, Dai R, Deng Y. Neurotoxicity and Underlying Mechanisms of Endogenous Neurotoxins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12805. [PMID: 34884606 PMCID: PMC8657695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous neurotoxins are important factors leading to neurodegenerative diseases. In the 1980s, the discovery that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) contributes to Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms led to new research investigations on neurotoxins. An abnormal metabolism of endogenous substances, such as condensation of bioamines with endogenous aldehydes, dopamine (DA) oxidation, and kynurenine pathway, can produce endogenous neurotoxins. Neurotoxins may damage the nervous system by inhibiting mitochondrial activity, increasing oxidative stress, increasing neuroinflammation, and up-regulating proteins related to cell death. This paper reviews the biological synthesis of various known endogenous neurotoxins and their toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Bo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.D.)
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- Neuroimmunology, Stress and Endocrinology (NISE) Lab, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.I.); (K.S.)
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kevin Smith
- Neuroimmunology, Stress and Endocrinology (NISE) Lab, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Tianmei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.D.)
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongji Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yulin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Y.D.)
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Watanabe H, Bagarinao E, Maesawa S, Hara K, Kawabata K, Ogura A, Ohdake R, Shima S, Mizutani Y, Ueda A, Ito M, Katsuno M, Sobue G. Characteristics of Neural Network Changes in Normal Aging and Early Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:747359. [PMID: 34880745 PMCID: PMC8646086 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.747359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the mechanisms underlying preserved and impaired cognitive function in healthy aging and dementia, respectively, the spatial relationships of brain networks and mechanisms of their resilience should be understood. The hub regions of the brain, such as the multisensory integration and default mode networks, are critical for within- and between-network communication, remain well-preserved during aging, and play an essential role in compensatory processes. On the other hand, these brain hubs are the preferred sites for lesions in neurodegenerative dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease. Disrupted primary information processing networks, such as the auditory, visual, and sensorimotor networks, may lead to overactivity of the multisensory integration networks and accumulation of pathological proteins that cause dementia. At the cellular level, the brain hub regions contain many synapses and require a large amount of energy. These regions are rich in ATP-related gene expression and had high glucose metabolism as demonstrated on positron emission tomography (PET). Importantly, the number and function of mitochondria, which are the center of ATP production, decline by about 8% every 10 years. Dementia patients often have dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems, which require large amounts of ATP. If there is low energy supply but the demand is high, the risk of disease can be high. Imbalance between energy supply and demand may cause accumulation of pathological proteins and play an important role in the development of dementia. This energy imbalance may explain why brain hub regions are vulnerable to damage in different dementias. Here, we review (1) the characteristics of gray matter network, white matter network, and resting state functional network changes related to resilience in healthy aging, (2) the mode of resting state functional network disruption in neurodegenerative dementia, and (3) the cellular mechanisms associated with the disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Epifanio Bagarinao
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maesawa
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hara
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kawabata
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Ogura
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Reiko Ohdake
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayuri Shima
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Mizutani
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ito
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Lőrinczi B, Szatmári I. KYNA Derivatives with Modified Skeleton; Hydroxyquinolines with Potential Neuroprotective Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11935. [PMID: 34769362 PMCID: PMC8584415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous neuroprotective agent of increasing importance. Several derivatives have already been synthesized, bearing an abundance of functional groups attached to the main skeleton in different positions. Several of these compounds have already been tested in biological evaluations, with several of them targeting the same receptors and biological effects as KYNA. However, these modified compounds build upon the unmodified KYNA skeleton leaving a possible route for the synthesis of new, potentially neuroprotective derivatives with heteroatom-containing ring systems. The aim of this review is to summarize the syntheses of KYNA derivatives with altered skeletons and to pinpoint an appealing transformation for future medicinal lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Lőrinczi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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45
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Synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation, BSA binding properties, density functional theory and molecular docking study of Schiff bases. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Loretz N, Becker C, Hochstrasser S, Metzger K, Beck K, Mueller J, Gross S, Vincent A, Amacher SA, Sutter R, Tisljar K, Schuetz P, Bernasconi L, Neyer P, Pargger H, Marsch S, Hunziker S. Activation of the kynurenine pathway predicts mortality and neurological outcome in cardiac arrest patients: A validation study. J Crit Care 2021; 67:57-65. [PMID: 34673332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) has been shown to predict outcome in cardiac arrest (CA) patients. We validated these findings in a Swiss cohort. METHODS We measured admission tryptophan and kynurenine levels in 270 consecutive CA patients (38 in-hospital CA) and investigated associations with in-hospital mortality and neurological outcome at hospital discharge. RESULTS 120 of 270 (44%) patients died in the hospital. Compared to survivors, non-survivors showed higher median initial kynurenine levels (5.28 μmol/l [IQR 2.91 to 7.40] vs 3.58 μmol/l [IQR 2.47 to 5.46]; p < 0.001) and a higher median kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (0.10 μmol/l [IQR 0.07 to 0.17] vs 0.07 μmol/l [IQR 0.05 to 0.1]; p < 0.001). In a model adjusted for age, gender and comorbidities, kynurenine (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.27; p = 0.001) and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.31; p = 0.003) were significantly associated with mortality. Results were similar for neurological outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our findings validate a previous study and show associations of the activation of the KP with unfavorable outcomes after CA. Future studies should evaluate whether therapeutic modulation of the KP may impact clinical outcomes after CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Loretz
- Department of Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 23, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 23, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Emergency Department, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Seraina Hochstrasser
- Department of Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 23, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kerstin Metzger
- Department of Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 23, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Katharina Beck
- Department of Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 23, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jonas Mueller
- Department of Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 23, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian Gross
- Department of Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 23, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alessia Vincent
- Department of Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 23, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Simon A Amacher
- Department of Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 23, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Raoul Sutter
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kai Tisljar
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Bernasconi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Neyer
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - Hans Pargger
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Marsch
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sabina Hunziker
- Department of Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 23, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Kędzierski W, Sadok I, Kowalik S, Janczarek I, Staniszewska M. Does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses? Animal 2021; 15:100377. [PMID: 34624767 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid which metabolises via the kynurenine pathway to generate a number of bioactive substances referred to as kynurenines. Among those are 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKyn) and quinolinic acid, which are neurotoxic, as well as kynurenic acid (Kyna) and xanthurenic acid (XA), which, similarly to nicotinamide (NAm), show neuroprotective and anti-depressive effects. Routine exercise is known to modulate Trp metabolism in skeletal muscle and is thus believed to reduce the risk of depressive states in humans and laboratory animals. Analogously, it was hypothesised that exercise can influence Trp metabolism in horses as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two different types of exercise on Trp metabolism in horses of the same breed. A total of 32 purebred Arabian horses were involved in the study. The 22 three-year-old racehorses were subjected to short-time intense exercise. Ten other horses were made to perform endurance competitions at a distance of 80 km. Blood samples were collected at rest and following the end of the exercise period. Plasma concentrations of Trp, kynurenine (Kyn), Kyna, 3-HKyn, XA and NAm were determined using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionisation-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Short-time intense exercise led to an increase in plasma concentrations of Kyn, Kyna and XA. The endurance effort induced an increase in Kyna and a decrease in Trp and NAm levels. Both types of exercise, short-time intensive exercise and endurance exercise induced an increase in Trp metabolites, especially Kyna, and did not induce an increase in Trp level. Thus, from a pathophysiological perspective of the kynurenine pathway's influence on mental state, both types of exercise induced beneficial effects in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - I Sadok
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - S Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - I Janczarek
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - M Staniszewska
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
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Flieger J, Flieger W, Baj J, Maciejewski R. Antioxidants: Classification, Natural Sources, Activity/Capacity Measurements, and Usefulness for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4135. [PMID: 34361329 PMCID: PMC8347950 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural extracts are the source of many antioxidant substances. They have proven useful not only as supplements preventing diseases caused by oxidative stress and food additives preventing oxidation but also as system components for the production of metallic nanoparticles by the so-called green synthesis. This is important given the drastically increased demand for nanomaterials in biomedical fields. The source of ecological technology for producing nanoparticles can be plants or microorganisms (yeast, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and bacteria). This review presents recently published research on the green synthesis of nanoparticles. The conditions of biosynthesis and possible mechanisms of nanoparticle formation with the participation of bacteria are presented. The potential of natural extracts for biogenic synthesis depends on the content of reducing substances. The assessment of the antioxidant activity of extracts as multicomponent mixtures is still a challenge for analytical chemistry. There is still no universal test for measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC). There are many in vitro chemical tests that quantify the antioxidant scavenging activity of free radicals and their ability to chelate metals and that reduce free radical damage. This paper presents the classification of antioxidants and non-enzymatic methods of testing antioxidant capacity in vitro, with particular emphasis on methods based on nanoparticles. Examples of recent studies on the antioxidant activity of natural extracts obtained from different species such as plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, lichens, actinomycetes were collected, giving evaluation methods, reference antioxidants, and details on the preparation of extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
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Tang S, Kan J, Sun R, Cai H, Hong J, Jin C, Zong S. Anthocyanins from purple sweet potato alleviate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13869. [PMID: 34287964 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, anthocyanins were extracted and purified from purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPA) and the alleviative effect of PSPA on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity was investigated. High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) results showed that 10 kinds of substances were identified in PSPA and the PSPA was mainly composed of cyanidin (62.9%) and peonidin (21.46%). In in vitro experiments, PSPA reduced the excessive release of inflammatory factors (NO and TNF-α) induced by DOX and decreased the secretion of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) caused by myocardial injury. In in vivo experiments, PSPA inhibited the release of NO and MDA levels in heart tissue. Meanwhile, mice treated with PSPA decreased the levels of LDH, CK, TNF-α, and TMAO in serum and heart tissue when compared with the DOX group. In addition, the histopathological results of the heart tissue also showed a protective effect of PSPA on the pathological changes in heart. These results provide a reference for the application of PSPA as a functional food to intervene in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The effects of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPA) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that PSPA could significantly ameliorate DOX-induced heart failure. The obtained results could provide the potential application of PSPA as an alternative therapy for cardiotoxicity caused by DOX in the functional food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixue Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Rui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Huahao Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinhai Hong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuai Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
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Role of Kynurenine Pathway in Oxidative Stress during Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071603. [PMID: 34206739 PMCID: PMC8306609 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are chronic and life-threatening conditions negatively affecting the quality of patients’ lives. They often have a genetic background, but oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage seem to be at least partly responsible for their development. Recent reports indicate that the activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP), caused by an activation of proinflammatory factors accompanying neurodegenerative processes, leads to the accumulation of its neuroactive and pro-oxidative metabolites. This leads to an increase in the oxidative stress level, which increases mitochondrial damage, and disrupts the cellular energy metabolism. This significantly reduces viability and impairs the proper functioning of central nervous system cells and may aggravate symptoms of many psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. This suggests that the modulation of KP activity could be effective in alleviating these symptoms. Numerous reports indicate that tryptophan supplementation, inhibition of KP enzymes, and administration or analogs of KP metabolites show promising results in the management of neurodegenerative disorders in animal models. This review gathers and systematizes the knowledge concerning the role of metabolites and enzymes of the KP in the development of oxidative damage within brain cells during neurodegenerative disorders and potential strategies that could reduce the severity of this process.
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