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Zhu H, Mao S, Li W. Association between Cu/Zn/Iron/Ca/Mg levels and cerebral palsy: a pooled-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18427. [PMID: 37891210 PMCID: PMC10611728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It was well documented that macro/trace elements were associated with the neurodevelopment. We aimed to investigate the relationship between copper (Cu)/zinc (Zn)/iron/calcium (Ca)/magnesium (Mg) levels and cerebral palsy (CP) by performing a meta-analysis. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Chinese WanFang databases from January 1985 to June 2022 to yield studies that met our predefined criteria. Standard mean differences (SMDs) of Cu/Zn/Iron/Ca/Mg levels between CP cases and healthy controls were calculated using the fixed-effects model or the random-effects model, in the presence of heterogeneity. 95% confidence intervals (CI) were also computed. Sensitivity analysis was performed by omitting each study in turn. A total of 19 studies were involved in our investigation. CP cases showed markedly lower Cu, Zn, iron and Ca levels than those in controls among overall populations (SMD = - 2.156, 95% CI - 3.013 to - 1.299, P < 10-4; SMD = - 2.223, 95% CI - 2.966 to - 1.480, P < 10-4; SMD = - 1.092, 95% CI - 1.513 to - 0.672, P < 10-4; SMD = - 0.757, 95% CI - 1.475 to - 0.040, P = 0.038) and Asians (SMD = - 2.893, 95% CI - 3.977 to - 1.809, P < 10-4; SMD = - 2.559, 95% CI - 3.436 to - 1.683, P < 10-4; SMD = - 1.336, 95% CI - 1.807 to - 0.865, P < 10-4; SMD = - 1.000, 95% CI - 1.950 to - 0.051, P = 0.039). CP cases showed markedly lower Zn level than that in controls among Caucasians (SMD = - 0.462, 95% CI - 0.650 to - 0.274, P < 10-4). No significant differences of Cu, iron and Ca levels between CP cases and controls among Caucasians (SMD = - 0.188, 95% CI - 0.412 to 0.037, P = 0.101; SMD = - 0.004, 95% CI - 0.190 to 0.182, P = 0.968; SMD = 0.070, 95% CI - 0.116 to 0.257, P = 0.459) were observed. No marked difference of Mg level between CP cases and controls was noted among overall populations (SMD = - 0.139, 95% CI - 0.504 to 0.226, P = 0.455), Asians (SMD = - 0.131, 95% CI - 0.663 to 0.401, P = 0.629), and Caucasians (SMD = - 0.074, 95% CI - 0.361 to 0.213, P = 0.614). Sensitivity analysis did not change the overall results significantly for Cu, Zn, iron and Mg. CP cases demonstrated significantly lower levels of Cu/Zn/iron/Ca than those in healthy controls, particularly in Asians. Decreasing trend of Cu/Zn/iron/Ca levels merit attention, particularly in the population with high susceptibility to CP. Frequent monitoring and early intervention may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
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Mutonhodza B, Joy EJM, Bailey EH, Lark MR, Kangara MGM, Broadley MR, Matsungo TM, Chopera P. Linkages between soil, crop, livestock, and human selenium status in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022; 57:6336-6349. [PMID: 36605250 PMCID: PMC9804181 DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is essential for human health, however, data on population Se status and agriculture-nutrition-health linkages are limited in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The scoping review aims to identify linkages between Se in soils/crops, dietary Se intakes, and livestock and human Se status in SSA. Online databases, organisational websites and grey literature were used to identify articles. Articles were screened at title, abstract and full text levels using eligibility criteria. The search yielded 166 articles from which 112 were excluded during abstract screening and 54 full text articles were assessed for eligibility. The scoping review included 34 primary studies published between 1984 and 2021. The studies covered Se concentrations in soils (n = 7), crops (n = 9), animal tissues (n = 2), livestock (n = 3), and human Se status (n = 15). The evidence showed that soil/crop Se concentrations affected Se concentration in dietary sources, dietary Se intake and biomarkers of Se status. Soil types are a primary driver of human Se status and crop Se concentration correlates positively with biomarkers of Se dietary status. Although data sets of Se concentrations exist across the food system in SSA, there is limited evidence on linkages across the agriculture-nutrition nexus. Extensive research on Se linkages across the food chain is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beaula Mutonhodza
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food SciencesUniversity of ZimbabweP.O. Box MP167, Mt PleasantHarareZimbabwe
| | - Edward J. M. Joy
- London School for Hygiene and Tropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondonWC1E 7HTUK,Rothamsted ResearchWest CommonHarpendenAL5 2JQUK
| | - Elizabeth H. Bailey
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Murray R. Lark
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | | | - Martin R. Broadley
- Rothamsted ResearchWest CommonHarpendenAL5 2JQUK,School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Tonderayi M. Matsungo
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food SciencesUniversity of ZimbabweP.O. Box MP167, Mt PleasantHarareZimbabwe
| | - Prosper Chopera
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food SciencesUniversity of ZimbabweP.O. Box MP167, Mt PleasantHarareZimbabwe
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Vergara-Murillo F, Martinez-Yanez K, Fortich-Revollo A, Paternina-Caicedo A, Johnson-Restrepo B. Biochemical and Hematological Markers in Workers with Chronical Exposure to Lead and Cadmium in Colombia. TOXICS 2022; 10:524. [PMID: 36136488 PMCID: PMC9502882 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to find if workers chronically exposed to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) presented changes in their general health and in the clinical parameters of the population under study. We carried out a cross-sectional survey in a sample of informal workers in Cartagena, Colombia. The population under study was composed of male informal workers (≥18 years of age), with experience in their job, selected from occupational settings with potential exposure to Pb and Cd (i.e., mechanics, battery and garbage recyclers, and welders). The median age was 45 years (interquartile range (IQR), 33−53). The median blood Pb level (BLL) was 2 μg/dL (IQR, 0.76−6.22), and the median of blood Cd level (BCL) was 1.22 μg/L (IQR, 0.33−2.01). The study found that 33% of high exposure jobs with BLL > 5 μg/dL (n = 57), whereas in ‘control’ workers, this was 15.3% (n = 9). The highest BLLs were found in battery recyclers (82.1%; n = 23), followed by mechanics (37.3%, n = 22). In the logistic regression model adjusted by age, time on the job, smoking and elevated BCL and BLL increased 3.2 times (95% CI, 1.1−9.7) in mechanics and 29.6 times (95% CI, 7.2−145.6) in battery recyclers. This study found negative changes in the health of workers with higher chronic exposure to lead in Cartagena, Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Vergara-Murillo
- Grupo de Química y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Katiana Martinez-Yanez
- Grupo de Química y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Alvaro Fortich-Revollo
- Grupo de Química y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | | | - Boris Johnson-Restrepo
- Grupo de Química y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
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Tan S, Yang Y, Chen Z, Zhao L, Yang Z, Dai H, He W, Jiang M, Yao Y, Huang K, Li L, Zhu P, Xu S, Zhao M, Yang M. Evaluation of Essential and Toxic Elements in the Blood of 0–14-Year-Old Children in Hunan, China From 2013 to 2019: A Retrospective Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:739880. [PMID: 35509513 PMCID: PMC9058121 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.739880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim was to investigate the distribution and correlation of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Cd in the blood of children aged 0–14 years in Hunan, China, which may serve to provide a basis for clinical guidance on child health. Study Design A retrospective analysis was carried out. Concentrations of all elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Distributions were analyzed and compared among different age, sex, and year groups by the Kruskal–Wallis test, the chi-square test, and the Fisher's exact test. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the association between every pair of elements. Results A total of 46,951 children were involved in this study from 2013 to 2019. The median blood levels of elements were 13.51 μmol/L (Cu), 58.69 μmol/L (Zn), 1.70 mmol/L (Ca), 1.40 mmol/L (Mg), 7.46 mmol/L (Fe), 35.00 μg/L (Pb), and 1.00 μg/L (Cd). Girls had a higher level of Ca and lower levels of Pb and Cd than boys. Cu and Ca showed an upward trend, and Mg and Pb showed a downward trend by year. Zn and Fe increased and Ca decreased significantly with age. The deficiency rates of Fe and Zn decreased significantly by year, while Ca and Cu increased significantly by year. Cd exposure in this area was relatively low. Conclusion Most children had normal levels of the essential elements Ca, Cu, and Mg and the toxic elements Pb and Cd. Severe deficiencies in Zn and Fe were observed in the relatively younger children but improved with age. Persistent efforts in reducing Pb exposure might still be needed.
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Distribution and Determinants of Serum Zinc, Copper, and Selenium Levels among Children under Five Years from Popokabaka, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030683. [PMID: 35277041 PMCID: PMC8839910 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Information about essential trace elements among children in many African countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), is limited. We aimed to measure the distribution and determinants of serum zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se) concentrations in a representative sample of children under five years old. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Popokabaka, DRC. Blood samples were drawn from 412 children. The serum concentrations of minerals were measured using inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry. The median concentrations (P25−P75) of Zn, Cu, and Se were 61.9 µg/dL (52.8−70.2), 145.5 (120.0−167.0) µg/dL and 5.3 (4.3−6.3) µg/dL. The CRP-adjusted prevalence of serum Se deficiency was 84.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 81.4−87.0) and of Zn deficiency was 64.6% (95% CI 59.8−69.1%). Only a few children were Cu deficient [1.5% (0.6−3.2)]. Evidence of inflammation (C-reactive protein, >5 mg/L) was associated with a lower Se concentration and higher Cu concentration. Furthermore, serum Se concentration was positively associated with linear growth. The average Cu/Zn molar ratio (2:1) was twice that recommended. Children in western Popokabaka had higher Zn and Se levels than their eastern neighbors. Zinc and selenium deficiencies are common among children in Popokabaka and require attention and prioritization.
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Zheng F, Li Y, Zhang F, Sun Y, Zheng C, Luo Z, Wang YL, Aschner M, Zheng H, Lin L, Cai P, Shao W, Guo Z, Zheng M, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, Wu S, Li H. Cobalt induces neurodegenerative damages through Pin1 inactivation in mice and human neuroglioma cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126378. [PMID: 34175703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt is a hazardous material that has harmful effects on neurotoxicity. Excessive exposure to cobalt or inactivation of the unique proline isomerase Pin1 contributes to age-dependent neurodegeneration. However, nothing is known about the role of Pin1 in cobalt-induced neurodegeneration. Here we find that out of several hazardous materials, only cobalt dose-dependently decreased Pin1 expression and alterations in its substrates, including cis and trans phosphorylated Tau in human neuronal cells, concomitant with neurotoxicity. Cobalt-induced neurotoxicity was aggravated by Pin1 genetic or chemical inhibition, but rescued by Pin1 upregulation. Furthermore, less than 4 μg/l of blood cobalt induced dose- and age-dependent Pin1 downregulation in murine brains, ensuing neurodegenerative changes. These defects were corroborated by changes in Pin1 substrates, including cis and trans phosphorylated Tau, amyloid precursor protein, β amyloid and GSK3β. Moreover, blood Pin1 was downregulated in human hip replacement patients with median blood cobalt level of 2.514 μg/l, which is significantly less than the safety threshold of 10 μg/l, suggesting an early role Pin1 played in neurodegenerative damages. Thus, Pin1 inactivation by cobalt contributes to age-dependent neurodegeneration, revealing that cobalt is a hazardous material triggering AD-like neurodegenerative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Fengshun Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhousong Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Liqiong Lin
- Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Baguma M, Malembaka EB, Bahizire E, Mudumbi GZ, Shamamba DB, Matabaro AN, Rigo JM, Njamnshi AK, Chabwine JN. Revisiting Konzo Risk Factors in Three Areas Differently Affected by Spastic Paraparesis in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Discloses a Prominent Role of the Nutritional Status-A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082628. [PMID: 34444788 PMCID: PMC8399762 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to better understand the respective contributions of protein malnutrition and cassava-derived cyanide poisoning in the development of konzo. We compared data on nutritional status and cyanide exposure of school-age adolescent konzo-diseased patients to those of non-konzo subjects of similar age from three areas in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our results show that konzo patients had a high prevalence of both wasting (54.5%) and stunting (72.7%), as well as of cyanide poisoning (81.8%). Controls from Burhinyi and those from Idjwi showed a similar profile with a low prevalence of wasting (3.3% and 6.5%, respectively) and intermediate prevalence of stunting (26.7% and 23.9%, respectively). They both had a high prevalence of cyanide poisoning (50.0% and 63.0%, respectively), similar to konzo-patients. On the other hand, controls from Bukavu showed the lowest prevalence of both risk factors, namely chronic malnutrition (12.1%) and cyanide poisoning (27.6%). In conclusion, cassava-derived cyanide poisoning does not necessarily coexist with konzo outbreaks. The only factor differentiating konzo patients from healthy individuals exposed to cyanide poisoning appeared to be their worse nutritional status. This further suggests that, besides the known role of cyanide poisoning in the pathogenesis of konzo, malnutrition may be a key factor for the disease occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Baguma
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (E.B.M.); (E.B.); (J.N.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health (CTDGH), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Correspondence:
| | - Espoir Bwenge Malembaka
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (E.B.M.); (E.B.); (J.N.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, W6030, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Esto Bahizire
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (E.B.M.); (E.B.); (J.N.C.)
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health (CTDGH), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Center for Research in Natural Sciences of Lwiro, Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Germain Zabaday Mudumbi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Dieudonné Bahati Shamamba
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agronomy, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Alain-Narcisse Matabaro
- Department of Medical Biology, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Jean-Michel Rigo
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
| | - Alfred Kongnyu Njamnshi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties/Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 25625, Cameroon;
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé P.O. Box 25625, Cameroon
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Thônex, 1226 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Nsimire Chabwine
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (E.B.M.); (E.B.); (J.N.C.)
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Zheng F, Chen P, Li H, Aschner M. Drp-1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fragmentation Contributes to Cobalt Chloride-Induced Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci 2021; 177:158-167. [PMID: 32617571 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess cobalt may lead to metallosis, characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, visual, and cognitive impairment, and peripheral neuropathy. In the present study, we sought to address the molecular mechanisms of cobalt-induced neurotoxicity, using Caenorhabditis elegans as an experimental model. Exposure to cobalt chloride for 2 h significantly decreased the survival rate and lifespan in nematodes. Cobalt chloride exposure led to increased oxidative stress and upregulation of glutathione S-transferase 4. Consistently, its upstream regulator skn-1, a mammalian homolog of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, was activated. Among the mRNAs examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, apoptotic activator egl-1, proapoptotic gene ced-9, autophagic (bec-1 and lgg-1), and mitochondrial fission regulator drp-1 were significantly upregulated upon cobalt exposure, concomitant with mitochondrial fragmentation, as determined by confocal microscopy. Moreover, drp-1 inhibition suppressed the cobalt chloride-induced reactive oxygen species generation, growth defects, and reduced mitochondrial fragmentation. Our novel findings suggest that the acute toxicity of cobalt is mediated by mitochondrial fragmentation and drp-1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Wang H, Guo Y, Pan H. Determination of selenium and copper in water and food by hierarchical dendritic nano-gold modified glassy carbon electrodes. Analyst 2021; 146:4384-4390. [PMID: 34132264 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sensitive determination of selenium and copper is of importance for environmental monitoring and food safety. A stripping voltammetric determination of selenium and copper in water and selenium-rich foods was developed using hierarchical dendritic gold nanostructure (AuHD) modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). The AuHD thin films were electrodeposited potentiostatically onto the GCE from a solution containing 25 mM HAuCl4 and 0.1 M Na2SO4 at -0.6 V for 20 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) studies showed that the electrodeposited gold thin film shows a nanoforest-like morphology with a thickness of about 30-40 μm and a hierarchical dendritic structure with primary-, secondary-, and higher-order branches. Se(iv) and Cu(ii) in a 0.1 M H2SO4 solution were determined by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry using the AuHDs/GCE as the working electrode. Prior to anodic stripping, Se(iv) and Cu(ii) were accumulated onto the working electrode surface at -0.2 V for 300 s. The stripping peak currents of Se(iv) at 0.81 V and Cu(ii) at 0.31 V were positively correlated with the concentrations of Se(iv) and Cu(ii) in a range of 50-700 nM. The limits of detection (3σ) for Se(iv) and Cu(ii) were 1.4 nM and 3.7 nM, respectively. The accuracy of the method was verified by analysing certified water standard reference materials, and the results showed that the method has good accuracy and high precision. The method was used to determine selenium and copper in tap water, selenium-rich rice and selenium-rich eggs. The results were compared with those obtained by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and found to be consistent with those of ICP-MS. The proposed method had the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, good reproducibility, and high sensitivity and it can be used for the analysis of real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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Dórea JG. Neurodevelopment and exposure to neurotoxic metal(loid)s in environments polluted by mining, metal scrapping and smelters, and e-waste recycling in low and middle-income countries. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111124. [PMID: 33861977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review covers a wide body of literature to gain an understanding of the impacts of informal activities related to metal extraction (primary mining and recycling) on early life exposure to neurotoxicants and on neurodevelopment. In primary mining, gold extraction with Hg amalgamation is the main environmental cause of Hg pollution in most artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities around the world. Nevertheless, in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Pb disrupted from gold-related ores, mining, and artisanal cookware production are an important neurotoxicant that seriously contaminates the affected population, with devastating effects on children. In e-waste recycling settings, the range of neurotoxic substances that contaminate mothers and children is wider than in primary mining environments. Thus, Hg and Pb are major pre- and postnatal neurotoxicants affecting children in the informal metal extraction activities and SSA countries show the highest record of human contamination and of neurotoxic effects on children. There are additional sources of neurotoxic contamination from mining and metal processing activities (cyanide tailing in South America and SSA) and/or co-exposure to Hg-containing products such as cosmetics (soaps and Hg-based skin lightning creams in Africa) and pediatric Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs, that breaks down to ethyl-mercury) in current use in middle and low income countries. However, the action of these neurotoxicants (per se or in combination) on children needs more attention and research. Studies show a negative association between biomarkers of all environmental metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Hg, Mn, and Pb) studied and neurodevelopment in young children. Sadly, in many unregulated activities, child labor is widely employed, thus presenting an additional occupational exposure. Children living in polluted environments related to metal processing are disproportionately exposed to a wide range of co-occurring neurotoxic substances. The review showed compelling evidence from highly representative parts of the world (Africa, Asia, and Latin America) that the studied neurotoxic substances negatively affected areas of the brain associated with language, memory and executive function, as well as psychosocial behavior. Protecting the environment and children from unregulated and highly polluting metal extraction and processing are inextricably intertwined and deserve urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 70919-970, DF, Brazil.
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11
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Baguma M, Nzabara F, Maheshe Balemba G, Malembaka EB, Migabo C, Mudumbi G, Bito V, Cliff J, Rigo JM, Chabwine JN. Konzo risk factors, determinants and etiopathogenesis: What is new? A systematic review. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:54-67. [PMID: 33964344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Konzo is a toxico-nutritional upper motor neuron disease causing a spastic paraparesis in schoolchildren and childbearing women in some African countries. Almost a century since the first description of konzo, its underlying etiopathogenic mechanisms and causative agent remain unknown. This paper aims at refreshing the current knowledge of konzo determinants and pathogenesis in order to enlighten potential new research and management perspectives. Literature research was performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases according to the PRISMA methodology. Available data show that cassava-derived cyanide poisoning and protein malnutrition constitute two well-documented risk factors of konzo. However, observational studies have failed to demonstrate the causal relationship between konzo and cyanide poisoning. Thiocyanate, the current marker of choice of cyanide exposure, may underestimate the actual level of cyanide poisoning in konzo patients as a larger amount of cyanide is detoxified via other unusual pathways in the context of protein malnutrition characterizing these patients. Furthermore, the appearance of konzo may be the consequence of the interplay of several factors including cyanide metabolites, nutritional deficiencies, psycho-emotional and geo-environmental factors, resulting in pathophysiologic phenomena such as excitotoxicity or oxidative stress, responsible for neuronal damage that takes place at sparse cellular and/or subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Baguma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Fabrice Nzabara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo; École Régionale de Santé Publique (ERSP), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ghislain Maheshe Balemba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Espoir Bwenge Malembaka
- École Régionale de Santé Publique (ERSP), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Christiane Migabo
- Faculty of Agronomy, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Germain Mudumbi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Virginie Bito
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Julie Cliff
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Health, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jean-Michel Rigo
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Nsimire Chabwine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Tinkov AA, Skalnaya MG, Skalny AV. Serum trace element and amino acid profile in children with cerebral palsy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126685. [PMID: 33249374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing data demonstrate that both trace elements and amino acids play a significant role in neurodevelopment and brain functioning. Certain studies have demonstrated alteration of micronutrient status in children with cerebral palsy, although multiple inconsistencies exist. THE OBJECTIVE of the present study was to assess serum trace element and mineral, as well as amino acid levels in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS 71 children with cerebral palsy (39 boys and 32 girls, 5.7 ± 2.3 y.o.) and 84 healthy children (51 boys and 33 girls, 5.4 ± 2.3 y.o.) were enrolled in the present study. Serum trace element and mineral levels were assessed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Amino acid profile was evaluated by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Children with cerebral palsy are characterized by significantly lower Cu and Zn levels by 6% and 8%, whereas serum I concentration exceeded the control values by 7%. A tendency to increased serum Mn and Se levels was also observed in patients with cerebral palsy. Serum citrulline, leucine, tyrosine, and valine levels were 15 %, 23 %, 15 %, and 11 % lower than those in healthy controls. Nearly twofold lower levels of serum proline were accompanied by a 44 % elevation of hydroxyproline concentrations when compared to the control values. In multiple regression model serum I, Zn, and hydroxyproline levels were found to be independently associated with the presence of cerebral palsy. Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between Cu, Mn, Se, I, and Zn levels with hydroxyproline and citrulline concentrations. CONCLUSION The observed alterations in trace element and amino acid metabolism may contribute to neurological deterioration in cerebral palsy. However, the cross-sectional design of the study does not allow to estimate the causal trilateral relationships between cerebral palsy, altered trace element, and amino acid metabolism.
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Aguree S, Gernand AD. A methodology for examining the association between plasma volume and micronutrient biomarker mass and concentration in healthy eumenorrheic women. PeerJ 2021; 8:e10535. [PMID: 33391876 PMCID: PMC7759127 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate estimation and interpretation of nutritional biomarker concentrations are important in nutritional research, clinical care, and public health surveillance. Plasma volume (PV) may affect the interpretation of plasma biomarkers but is rarely measured. We aimed to examine the association between plasma volume (PV) and micronutrient biomarker concentrations and mass as part of pilot work to develop methods. Methods Nine healthy women with regular menstrual cycles provided fasting blood samples to measure micronutrient biomarkers. Indocyanine green was injected, and five timed blood draws were taken from 2 to 5 min to measure PV. Visits were scheduled around menstrual cycle day 2. Retinol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, riboflavin, alpha-tocopherol, zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, iron, and ferritin concentrations were measured in serum. Total circulating micronutrient biomarker mass was calculated from PV and concentration. Results The mean PV was 2067 ± 470 mL. PV correlated positively with concentration of iron (r = 0.87, P = 0.005); other correlations were weaker with p > 0.05. PV and total mass of retinol (r = 0.90), 25(OH)D (r = 0.75), zinc (r = 0.88), copper (r = 0.83), magnesium (r = 0.93), manganese (r = 0.72), and iron (r = 0.92) were strongly correlated (all p < 0.05). PV was positively correlated with circulating micronutrient mass for most biomarkers, implying that concentrations are maintained at different volumes of plasma. Larger studies are needed to further examine these relationships. Conclusion Though there appear to be some association between micronutrient biomarker mass and plasma volume, we are unable to draw a firm conclusion about any relationship from these results because of the small sample size. We consider these findings as a preliminary analysis to establish methods for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixtus Aguree
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
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Wongdokmai R, Shantavasinkul PC, Chanprasertyothin S, Panpunuan P, Matchariyakul D, Sritara P, Sirivarasai J. The Involvement of Selenium in Type 2 Diabetes Development Related to Obesity and Low Grade Inflammation. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1669-1680. [PMID: 33883916 PMCID: PMC8055366 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s303146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of the micronutrient selenium have been proposed in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that involve impairments in glucose metabolic pathways and the insulin signaling cascade, mediated through oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the evidence collected to date through animal and epidemiologic studies has been inconclusive. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relationships of selenium status and inflammation with T2DM and obesity. METHODS Participants in the re-survey of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)2 study conducted in 2013 (N=655, age 45-60 years) were allocated to three groups based on their body mass index (World Health Organization Asia-Pacific Classification), and their serum selenium and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations and other clinical parameters were compared. RESULTS Significant differences in serum selenium and hs-CRP among the groups were associated with differences in fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin, as well as differences in the prevalence of prediabetes or T2DM. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals) for prediabetes or diabetes were 1.991 (1.318-3.009) and 3.786 (2.087-6.896) for the lowest and highest tertiles of serum selenium concentration in the entire sample and obese participants, respectively. Furthermore, the rising extent of hs-CRP increased the significantly associated with prediabetes or diabetes (adjusted ORs; 2.268 for the entire sample, 4.043 for the overweight and 1.910 for the obesity). CONCLUSION Selenium status may be linked to both obesity and T2DM through its effects on signaling pathways. Further nutrigenomic studies are required to clarify the relationship between selenium and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossukon Wongdokmai
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Pachara Panpunuan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Piyamitr Sritara
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jintana Sirivarasai
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Correspondence: Jintana Sirivarasai Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama 6 Road, Ratchatavee District, Bangkok, 10400, ThailandTel +662-201-1483Fax +662-201-2625 Email
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An Integrated Infant and Young Child Feeding and Small-Quantity Lipid-based Nutrient Supplementation Program Is Associated with Improved Gross Motor and Communication Scores of Children 6-18 Months in the Democratic Republic of Congo. J Pediatr 2020; 222:154-163. [PMID: 32122634 PMCID: PMC9396473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of an infant, young child feeding practices-small-quantity lipid nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) intervention on child development scores in children aged 6-18 months in the Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). STUDY DESIGN We analyzed data of 2595 children from 2 health zones in a quasi-experimental design with preimplementation and postimplementation surveys to evaluate program impact on child development scores. Standard care was received in the comparison health zone and the intervention health zone received standard care plus enhanced infant, young child feeding practices with a monthly supply of 28 SQ-LNS sachets for up to 1 year. Program exposure and communication and motor domains of the Ages and Stages questionnaire were collected to assess changes in child development scores. A quasi-intent-to-treat and adjusted difference-in-difference analyses were used to quantify impact of the enhanced compared with the standard package. RESULTS In adjusted models contrasting endline with baseline, there was a greater relative increase in proportion of children with normal communication (difference-in-difference, +13.7% [95%CI, 7.9-19.6; P < .001] and gross motor scores, +7.4% [95% CI: 1.3-13.5; P < .001]) in the intervention vs comparison health zones. Further, in separate analyses among children of intervention health zone at endline, each additional SQ-LNS distribution was associated with +0.09 (95% CI, 0.03-0.16) z-score unit increase in gross motor scores (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The integrated infant, young child feeding practice-SQ-LNS intervention was positively associated with larger relative improvements in measures of child communication and motor development in the Katanga province of DRC.
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Ligowe IS, Phiri FP, Ander EL, Bailey EH, Chilimba ADC, Gashu D, Joy EJM, Lark RM, Kabambe V, Kalimbira AA, Kumssa DB, Nalivata PC, Young SD, Broadley MR. Selenium deficiency risks in sub-Saharan African food systems and their geospatial linkages. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-11. [PMID: 32264979 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120006904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human health. However, our knowledge of the prevalence of Se deficiency is less than for other micronutrients of public health concern such as iodine, iron and zinc, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Studies of food systems in SSA, in particular in Malawi, have revealed that human Se deficiency risks are widespread and influenced strongly by geography. Direct evidence of Se deficiency risks includes nationally representative data of Se concentrations in blood plasma and urine as population biomarkers of Se status. Long-range geospatial variation in Se deficiency risks has been linked to soil characteristics and their effects on the Se concentration of food crops. Selenium deficiency risks are also linked to socio-economic status including access to animal source foods. This review highlights the need for geospatially-resolved data on the movement of Se and other micronutrients in food systems which span agriculture-nutrition-health disciplinary domains (defined as a GeoNutrition approach). Given that similar drivers of deficiency risks for Se, and other micronutrients, are likely to occur in other countries in SSA and elsewhere, micronutrient surveillance programmes should be designed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Ligowe
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bunda Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
- The Department of Agricultural Research Services, P.O. Box 30799, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
| | - F P Phiri
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
- Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - E L Ander
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - E H Bailey
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
| | - A D C Chilimba
- The Department of Agricultural Research Services, P.O. Box 30799, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
| | - D Gashu
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E J M Joy
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, LondonWC1E 7HT, UK
| | - R M Lark
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
| | - V Kabambe
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bunda Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - A A Kalimbira
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bunda Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - D B Kumssa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
| | - P C Nalivata
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bunda Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - S D Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
| | - M R Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
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Tian FY, Everson TM, Lester B, Punshon T, Jackson BP, Hao K, Lesseur C, Chen J, Karagas MR, Marsit CJ. Selenium-associated DNA methylation modifications in placenta and neurobehavioral development of newborns: An epigenome-wide study of two U.S. birth cohorts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105508. [PMID: 32007686 PMCID: PMC7722519 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Selenium (Se) levels in pregnancy have been linked to neurobehavioral development of the offspring. DNA methylation is a potential mechanism underlying the impacts of environmental exposures on fetal development; however, very few studies have been done elucidating the role of DNA methylation linking prenatal Se and child neurobehavior. We aimed to investigate the associations between placental Se concentration and epigenome-wide DNA methylation in two U.S. cohorts, and to assess the association between Se-related DNA methylation modifications and newborns' neurobehavior. METHODS We measured placental Se concentrations in 343 newborns enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study and in 141 newborns in the Rhode Island Child Health Study. Genome-wide placental DNA methylation was measured by HumanMethylation450 BeadChip, and newborn neurobehavioral development was assessed by the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS). We meta-analyzed the associations between placental Se concentration and DNA methylation in each cohort, adjusting for covariates. We also fit multiple linear regression and ordinal logistic regression for methylation and newborn NNNS summary scores. RESULTS We identified five Se-related differentially methylated CpG sites. Among them was cg09674502 (GFI1), where selenium concentration was positively associated with methylation (β-coefficient = 1.11, FDR-adjusted p-value = 0.045), and where we observed that a one percent methylation level increase was associated with a 15% reduced odds of higher muscle tone in the arms, legs and trunk of newborns, (OR [95% Confidence Interval, CI] = 0.85 [0.77, 0.95]). We also observed for each interquartile range (IQR) increase in selenium concentration in the placenta, there was 1.76 times greater odds of higher hypotonicity (OR [95% CI] = 1.76 [1.12, 2.82]). CONCLUSIONS Placental selenium concentration was inversely associated with muscle tone of newborns, and hypermethylation of GFI1 could be a potential mechanism underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd M Everson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Barry Lester
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Joubert BR, Mantooth SN, McAllister KA. Environmental Health Research in Africa: Important Progress and Promising Opportunities. Front Genet 2020; 10:1166. [PMID: 32010175 PMCID: PMC6977412 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization in 2016 estimated that over 20% of the global disease burden and deaths were attributed to modifiable environmental factors. However, data clearly characterizing the impact of environmental exposures and health endpoints in African populations is limited. To describe recent progress and identify important research gaps, we reviewed literature on environmental health research in African populations over the last decade, as well as research incorporating both genomic and environmental factors. We queried PubMed for peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, or books examining environmental exposures and health outcomes in human populations in Africa. Searches utilized medical subheading (MeSH) terms for environmental exposure categories listed in the March 2018 US National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, which includes chemicals with worldwide distributions. Our search strategy retrieved 540 relevant publications, with studies evaluating health impacts of ambient air pollution (n=105), indoor air pollution (n = 166), heavy metals (n = 130), pesticides (n = 95), dietary mold (n = 61), indoor mold (n = 9), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs, n = 0), electronic waste (n = 9), environmental phenols (n = 4), flame retardants (n = 8), and phthalates (n = 3), where publications could belong to more than one exposure category. Only 23 publications characterized both environmental and genomic risk factors. Cardiovascular and respiratory health endpoints impacted by air pollution were comparable to observations in other countries. Air pollution exposures unique to Africa and some other resource limited settings were dust and specific occupational exposures. Literature describing harmful health effects of metals, pesticides, and dietary mold represented a context unique to Africa. Studies of exposures to phthalates, PFASs, phenols, and flame retardants were very limited. These results underscore the need for further focus on current and emerging environmental and chemical health risks as well as better integration of genomic and environmental factors in African research studies. Environmental exposures with distinct routes of exposure, unique co-exposures and co-morbidities, combined with the extensive genomic diversity in Africa may lead to the identification of novel mechanisms underlying complex disease and promising potential for translation to global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie R Joubert
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Kimberly A McAllister
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
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Otubogun FM, Akinyemi RO, Ogunniyi AO. Tropical ataxic neuropathy: Findings of a neuroepidemiological survey of Odeda, southwest Nigeria. J Neurol Sci 2019; 405:116434. [PMID: 31520868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropical ataxic neuropathy seems to have dwindled in public health importance in Nigeria despite the high consumption of cassava-based meals by a huge proportion of people in local Nigerian communities. Yet a recent report suggest its persistence in the same ethnogeographic setting where it was first reported in Nigeria. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of tropical ataxic neuropathy in Odeda, Ogun state, southwest Nigeria inhabited by a different ethnic group compared to Epe where the disease was first described. METHODS A two-stage, cross-sectional survey of Odeda local government area for the prevalence and profile of toxiconutritional neurological disorders was carried out between May and June 2015. A screening instrument was applied by trained non - medical interviewers with positive responders further evaluated by a neurologist. RESULTS 2392 individuals aged 18 years or older were screened and had a mean age of 37.2 ± 16.1 years, were predominantly of Egba Yoruba ethnicity. Thirty nine cases of tropical ataxic neuropathy were diagnosed and crude prevalence rate was 16.3/1000 (95% CI 11.2-21.4/1000). Older age and rural residence were associated with higher prevalence. Distal sensory polyneuropathy was the most common feature whereas sensorineural deafness was the least common finding. CONCLUSION This report provides evidence that tropical ataxic neuropathy persists and in a wider geographic spread. Thus tropical ataxic neuropathy still remains a significant public health importance and concerted efforts are required to mitigate or eradicate tropical ataxic neuropathy in southwest Nigeria and other regions of Africa affected by cassava- related toxiconutritional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Otubogun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi, Nigeria.
| | - R O Akinyemi
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A O Ogunniyi
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Changing levels of selenium and zinc in cadmium-exposed workers: probable association with the intensity of inflammation. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5455-5464. [PMID: 31364019 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a response mediated by multiple cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. Cadmium (Cd) has been involved in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases via inflammation. Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) play a pivotal role in maintaining many physiological functions of cells as well as inhibiting Cd-induced cytotoxicity. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Se and Zn in cadmium-exposed workers by measuring the levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α cytokines in 68 control and 91 Cd-exposed subjects. Blood samples were obtained from each participant for immunological, toxicological and routine analysis. All samples were digested by microwave oven and analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α cytokine levels were found to be statistically different (p < 0.001) between the control and Cd-exposed groups (23.50 ± 7.70 pg/mL vs. 69.05 ± 19.06 pg/mL; 28.61 ± 9.83 pg/mL vs. 51.79 ± 11.77 pg/mL; 3.44 ± 1.14 pg/mL vs. 5.79 ± 1.04 pg/mL, respectively). High positive correlations were found between Cd levels of participants and IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and CRP levels (r = 0.568, r = 0.615, r = 0.614 and r = 0.296, respectively, p < 0.01). In terms of the regression analysis results, there were significant effects of Cd on IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05). The Cd, Zn and Se levels between control and exposed group were significantly different [0.26 ± 0.15 µg/L vs. 3.36 ± 1.80 µg/L; 143.91 ± 71.13 µg/dL vs. 121.09 ± 59.88 µg/dL; 92.98 ± 17.03 µg/L vs. 82.72 ± 34.46 µg/L (p < 0.001, p < 0.03, p < 0.015), respectively]. In conclusion, increasing levels of Se and Zn decreases the intensity of inflammation as measured by IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels.
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E-Andjafono DOL, Ayanne MTSS, Makila-Mabe GB, Mayambu JPB, Ngoyi DM, Boivin M, Tamfum-Muyembe JJ, Tshala-Katumbay D. [Socioemotional disorders in children living in Konzo-affected areas, an epidemic paralytic disease associated with cyanide poisoning from food in sub-Saharan Africa]. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 31:118. [PMID: 31037178 PMCID: PMC6462359 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.31.118.11640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction l’objectif de cette étude était d’élucider le profil socio-émotionnel de l’enfant en milieu Konzo, une paralysie toxico-nutritionnelle sévissant en Afrique sub-saharienne. Méthodes nous avons évalué le profil socio-émotionnel de 210 enfants dont 123 avec konzo et 87 présumés contrôles sains (4-17 ans d’âge) après interview structuré avec les parents lors d’une enquête épidémio-clinique du konzo en 2011 au Congo-Kinshasa. Le profil neurocognitif était documenté par le KABC-II, le BOT-2 et l’indice global des signes neurologiques du Konzo (IGSNK). Les tests associatifs ont été réalisés par le test de Chi-carré, la régression logistique, dans le cas échéant par modèle linéaire généralisé, au seuil de signification de 0,05. Résultats dans l’ensemble, l’irritabilité, la violence physique ou l’inhibition avec ou sans tristesse étaient respectivement retrouvés dans 46,0%, 30,2%, 18,7%; avec un risque accru pour le Konzo (OR = 2,6; IC95%: 1,4 - 4,8; p = 0,001). Le trouble socio-émotionnel était associé à l’insuffisance pondérale (OR: 0,49; IC95%: 0,31 - 0,78; p = 0,002) et à un IGSNK élevé (OR: 1,33; IC 95%: 1,1-1,63; p=0,019); et par ailleurs aggravait les déficits cognitifs dans le Konzo (interaction statut neurologique χ troubles socio-émotionnels, D = 6,297; p = 0,013). Des performances cognitives élevées étaient observées chez les enfants non-Konzo mais avec troubles socio-émotionnels. La concentration moyenne (écart-type ± ET) de thiocyanate urinaire était plus élevé (554,8 ± 371,6 µmol/l) chez les enfants Konzo avec troubles socio-émotionnels. Conclusion l’enfant vivant en milieu Konzo présente des troubles socio-émotionnels. Leur nature psychopathologique et l’impact sur la cognition nécessitent des études approfondies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi
- Departement de Médecine Tropicale, Université de Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo.,Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, République Démocratique du Congo
| | | | | | - Désiré Tshala-Katumbay
- Département de Neurologie, Université de Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo.,Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, République Démocratique du Congo.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR, USA
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22
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Dórea JG. Multiple low-level exposures: Hg interactions with co-occurring neurotoxic substances in early life. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:129243. [PMID: 30385391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All chemical forms of Hg can affect neurodevelopment; however, low levels of organic Hg (methylmercury-MeHg and ethylmercury-EtHg in Thimerosal-containing vaccines, hereafter 'TCV') exposures during early life (pregnancy and lactation) co-occur with other environmental neurotoxic substances. These neurotoxicants may act in parallel, synergistically, or antagonistically to Hg. Nevertheless, the risks of neurotoxicity associated with multiple neuro-toxicants depend on type, time, combinations of exposure, and environmental and/or genetic-associated factors. Neurological developmental disorders, delays in cognition and behavioral outcomes associated with multiple exposures (which include Hg) may show transient or lasting outcomes depending on constitutional and/or environmental factors that can interact to neutralize, aggravate or attenuate these effects; often these studies are challenging to interpret. During pregnancy and lactation, fish-MeHg exposure is frequently confounded with the opposing effects of neuroactive nutrients (in fish) that lead to positive, negative, or no effects on neurobehavioral tests. In infancy, exposures to acute binary mixtures (TCV- EtHg and Al-adjuvants in infant immunizations) are associated with increased risks of tics and other developmental disorders. Despite the certitude that promulgates single environmental neurotoxicants, empirical comparisons of combined exposures indicate that Hg-related outcome is uneven. Hg in combination with other neurotoxic mixtures may elevate risks of neurotoxicity, but these risks arise in circumstances that are not yet predictable. Therefore, to achieve the goals of the Minamata treaty and to safeguard the health of children, low levels of mercury exposure (in any chemical form) needs to be further reduced whether the source is environmental (air- and food-borne) or iatrogenic (pediatric TCVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70919-970, DF, Brazil..
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23
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Sanou AS, Diallo AH, Holding P, Nankabirwa V, Engebretsen IMS, Ndeezi G, Tumwine JK, Meda N, Tylleskär T, Kashala-Abotnes E. Association between stunting and neuro-psychological outcomes among children in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2018; 12:30. [PMID: 29930702 PMCID: PMC5992697 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-018-0236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Burkina Faso, stunting affects children and is a public health problem. We studied the association between stunting and child's neuro-psychological outcomes at 6-8 years of age in rural Burkina Faso using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition (KABC-II), the Children's Category Test 1 (CCT-1) and the Test of Variable of Attention (TOVA). METHODS We re-enrolled children of a previously community-based Exclusive breastfeeding trial in Burkina Faso. We assessed a total of 532 children aged 6-8 years using KABC-II for memory (Atlantis and Number Recall subtests), spatial abilities (Conceptual Thinking, Face Recognition and Triangle subtests), reasoning (Block Counting subtest), general cognition and CCT-1 for cognitive flexibility. A total 513 children were assessed using the TOVA to measure attention and inhibition. We calculated the Cohen's d to examine the effect size and conducted a linear regression to examine the association. RESULTS The proportion of stunting was 15.6% (83/532). Stunted children performed significantly poorer for memory (Atlantis and Number Recall), spatial abilities (Conceptual Thinking, Face Recognition and Triangle), general cognition and attention with a small effect size compared to non-stunted children. Children who were exposed scored significantly higher errors for cognitive flexibility and inhibition with a small effect size compared to unexposed children. At standardized and unstandardized multivariable regression analysis, stunted children performed significantly poorer for Atlantis (p = 0.001), Number Recall (p = 0.02), Conceptual Thinking (p = 0.01), Triangle (p = 0.001), general cognition (p ≤ 0.0001) and attention (p = 0.04) compared to non-stunted children. Children who were exposed scored significantly higher errors for cognitive flexibility (p = 0.02) and for inhibition (p = 0.02) compared to unexposed children. We adjusted all the results for age, schooling, sex, playing, father education, mother employment and promotion of previous exclusive breastfeeding. CONCLUSION Stunting is associated with poorer neuro-psychological outcomes among children in rural Burkina Faso. Initiatives related to prevention need to be established and advice on nutrition need to be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselme Simeon Sanou
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bCentre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,Department of Public Health, Centre MURAZ Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Hama Diallo
- Department of Public Health, Centre MURAZ Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,0000 0000 8737 921Xgrid.218069.4Department of Public Health, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Victoria Nankabirwa
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bCentre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,0000 0004 0620 0548grid.11194.3cDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda ,0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bCentre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingunn Marie S. Engebretsen
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bCentre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grace Ndeezi
- 0000 0004 0620 0548grid.11194.3cDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James K. Tumwine
- 0000 0004 0620 0548grid.11194.3cDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nicolas Meda
- Department of Public Health, Centre MURAZ Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,0000 0000 8737 921Xgrid.218069.4Department of Public Health, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Thorkild Tylleskär
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bCentre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Esperance Kashala-Abotnes
- 0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bCentre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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24
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Russell VA. Notes on the Recent History of Neuroscience in Africa. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:96. [PMID: 29163069 PMCID: PMC5681988 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience began with neuroanatomy and neurosurgery in Egypt more than 5000 years ago. Knowledge grew over time and specialized neurosurgery centers were established in north Africa in the eleventh century. However, it was not until the twentieth century that neuroscience research became established in sub-Saharan Africa. In most African countries, clinical research focused on understanding the rationale and improving treatment of epilepsy, infections, nutritional neuropathies, stroke and tumors. Significant advances were made. In the twenty-first century, African knowledge expanded to include all branches of neuroscience, contributing to genetic, biochemical and inflammatory determinants of brain disorders. A major focus of basic neuroscience research has been, and is, investigation of plant extracts, drugs and stress in animal models, providing insight and identifying potential novel therapies. A significant event in the history of African neuroscience was the founding of the Society of Neuroscientists of Africa (SONA) in 1993. The International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) supported SONA conferences, as well as workshops and neuroscience training schools in Africa. Thanks to their investment, as well as that of funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), World Federation of Neurology (WFN) and the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), neuroscience research is well-established in Africa today. However, in order to continue to develop, African neuroscience needs continued international support and African neuroscientists need to engage in policy and decision-making to persuade governments to fund studies that address the unique regional needs in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne A Russell
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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25
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Semrud-Clikeman M, Romero RAA, Prado EL, Shapiro EG, Bangirana P, John CC. [Formula: see text]Selecting measures for the neurodevelopmental assessment of children in low- and middle-income countries. Child Neuropsychol 2017; 23:761-802. [PMID: 27609060 PMCID: PMC5690490 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2016.1216536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diseases affecting millions of children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency, malaria, and HIV, can lead to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Thus, a key health outcome in children is neurodevelopmental status. In this paper, the neurodevelopmental screening and testing measures most commonly utilized in LMICs are reviewed, and a matrix is presented to help researchers and clinicians determine which measures may be most useful for various LMIC inquiries. The matrix is based on an Internet literature review of 114 publications for the period January 1998 to February 2016, reporting the psychometric properties of instruments tested in LMIC children. The measures are classified as screening tests or more detailed tests that include both comprehensive batteries of general development and tests of specific domains. For completeness, two experts have reviewed this paper, as well as the authors. An overview of the tests used to date is presented, including the benefits and drawbacks of each test, in order to provide researchers and developmental clinicians with a way to decide which tests may be best suited to their developmental assessment goals. Remarkable progress has been made in neurodevelopmental testing in children in LMICs over the past two decades but there remains a need for additional research in this area to develop new tests, better evaluate and adapt current tests, and assess test validity and reliability across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elsa G Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Paul Bangirana
- Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chandy C John
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
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26
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Boivin MJ, Okitundu D, Makila-Mabe B, Sombo MT, Mumba D, Sikorskii A, Mayambu B, Tshala-Katumbay D. Cognitive and motor performance in Congolese children with konzo during 4 years of follow-up: a longitudinal analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2017; 5:e936-e947. [PMID: 28807191 PMCID: PMC5594926 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(17)30267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Konzo is an irreversible upper-motor neuron disorder affecting children dependent on bitter cassava for food. The neurocognitive ability of children with konzo over time has yet to be fully documented. METHODS We did a longitudinal study in a konzo outbreak zone continuously affected by konzo since 1990, in the district of Kahemba, southern Bandundu Province, Congo. We enrolled children with a record of neurological diagnosis of konzo in Kahemba town. For all study children with konzo enrolled in the final sample for the baseline assessment, a neurological exam was done by neurologists to confirm konzo diagnosis using the 1996 WHO criteria at 2 years and 4 years. In the initial baseline sample for each child with konzo, we attempted to get consent from a comparison child without konzo (1996 WHO criteria) within 2 years of age, from a neighbouring household who met inclusion criteria. The neuropsychological assessments were the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, second edition (KABC-II), and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, second edition (BOT-2). FINDINGS Data collection occurred between Oct 12, 2011, and Aug 14, 2015, in the town of Kahemba. 123 children from the Congo with konzo and 87 presumably healthy children without konzo from neighbouring households were enrolled. The planned assessments were completed by 76 children with konzo and 82 children without konzo at 2-year follow-up, and by 55 children with konzo and 33 children without konzo at 4-year follow-up. Boys with konzo did worse than those without konzo on the KABC-II Learning (p=0·0424) and on the Mental Processing Index (MPI; p=0·0111) assessments at 2-year follow-up, but girls did not. These differences observed in boys might have been caused by stunting. At 4-year follow-up, the difference in KABC-II MPI score between boys or girls with or without konzo was not significant. Both boys and girls with konzo had lower scores on BOT-2 than children without konzo at both follow-up times (p<0·0001). These differences were not attenuated when controlling for physical growth. Boys with and without konzo declined on BOT-2 fine motor proficiency at 2-year follow-up (boys with konzo p=0·0076; boys without konzo p=0·0224) and KABC-II MPI performance at 2-year follow-up and 4-year follow-up (2 years: boys with konzo p<0·0001, boys without konzo p=0·0213; 4 years: boys with konzo p=0·0256, boys without konzo p=0·10), but that was not the case for the girls with scores remaining stable regardless of konzo status. For boys, increases in urinary thiocyanate concentration was significantly associated with reductions in BOT-2 motor proficiency (p=0·0321), but was not significantly associated in girls and urinary thiocyanate concentration was not associated with KABC-II MPI score for either boys or girls. INTERPRETATION Motor and cognitive performance continues to be significantly impaired in boys with konzo at 2-year follow-up compared with boys without konzo. Because these impairments are associated in part with exposure to poorly processed cassava as measured by urinary thiocyanate, interventions are urgently needed to ensure improved processing of cassava to detoxify this food source. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Boivin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology & Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Daniel Okitundu
- Centre NeuroPsychopathologique (CNPP), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Bumoko Makila-Mabe
- Centre NeuroPsychopathologique (CNPP), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Marie-Therese Sombo
- Centre NeuroPsychopathologique (CNPP), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Dieudonne Mumba
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo; National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB), Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Alla Sikorskii
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Banea Mayambu
- Ministry of Health National Program on Nutrition (PRONANUT), Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Desire Tshala-Katumbay
- Centre NeuroPsychopathologique (CNPP), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo; National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB), Kinshasa, Congo; Department of Neurology and School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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27
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Sanou AS, Diallo AH, Holding P, Nankabirwa V, Engebretsen IMS, Ndeezi G, Tumwine JK, Meda N, Tylleskar T, Kashala-Abotnes E. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and child's cognitive performance at 6-8 years of age in rural Burkina Faso: an observational study. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3507. [PMID: 28674660 PMCID: PMC5494175 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Burkina Faso, it is not uncommon for mothers to drink alcohol, even during pregnancy. We aimed to study the association between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the child’s cognitive performance using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition (KABC-II) and the Children’s Category Test Level 1 (CCT-1) in rural Burkina Faso. Methods We conducted a follow-up study of a community cluster-randomised Exclusive breastfeeding trial, and re-enrolled the children in rural Burkina Faso. A total of 518 children (268 boys and 250 girls) aged 6–8 years were assessed using the KABC-II and the CCT-1. We examined the effect size difference using Cohen’s d and conducted a linear regression analysis to examine the association. Results Self-reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy was 18.5% (96/518). Children whose mothers reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy performed significantly poorly for memory and spatial abilities tests from small effect size difference for ‘Atlantis’ (0.27) and ‘Triangle’ (0.29) to moderate effect size difference for ‘Number recall’ (0.72) compared to children whose mothers did not consume alcohol during pregnancy; the exposed children scored significantly higher errors with a small effect size (0.37) at problem solving (CCT-1) test compared to unexposed children. At unstandardized and standardized multivariable analysis, children whose mothers reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy performed significantly poorer for memory-‘Atlantis’ (p = 0.03) and ‘Number recall’ (p = 0.0001), and spatial ability tests-‘Triangle’ (p = 0.03); they scored significantly higher errors at problem solving CCT-1 test (p = 0.002); all the results were adjusted for age, sex, schooling, stunting, father’s education, mother’s employment and the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding. No statistical association was found for visual abilities-‘Conceptual Thinking’, ‘Face recognition’, ‘Story completion’, and reasoning tests-‘Rover’, ‘Block counting’, and ‘Pattern Reasoning’. Conclusion Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with poorer cognitive performance for memory, spatial ability, and problem solving tests in the offspring in rural Burkina Faso. Futures studies needs to assess in more detail the maternal alcohol consumption patterns in Burkina Faso and possible preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselme Simeon Sanou
- Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Centre MURAZ Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Hama Diallo
- Department of Public Health, Centre MURAZ Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Department of Public Health, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Victoria Nankabirwa
- Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingunn Marie S Engebretsen
- Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grace Ndeezi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James K Tumwine
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nicolas Meda
- Department of Public Health, Centre MURAZ Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Department of Public Health, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Thorkild Tylleskar
- Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Esperance Kashala-Abotnes
- Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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28
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Cobalt inhibits motility of axonal mitochondria and induces axonal degeneration in cultured dorsal root ganglion cells of rat. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 34:93-107. [PMID: 28656345 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt is a trace element that localizes in the human body as cobalamin, also known as vitamin B12. Excessive cobalt exposure induces a peripheral neuropathy, the mechanisms of which are yet to be elucidated. We investigated how cobalt may affect mitochondrial motility in primary cultures of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG). We observed mitochondrial motility by time-lapse imaging after DsRed2 tagging via lentivirus, mitochondrial structure using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and axonal swelling using immunocytochemical staining. The concentration of cobaltous ion (Co2+) required to significantly suppress mitochondrial motility is lower than that required to induce axonal swelling following a 24-h treatment. Exposure to relatively low concentrations of Co2+ for 48 h suppressed mitochondrial motility without leading to axonal swelling. TEM images indicated that Co2+ induces mitochondrial destruction. Our results show that destruction of the axonal mitochondria precedes the axonal degeneration induced by Co2+ exposure.
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29
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Kapepula PM, Mbombo Mungitshi P, Franck T, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Mumba Ngoyi D, Kalenda PDT, Kabamba Ngombe N, Serteyn D, Tits M, Frédérich M, Tamfum Muyembe JJ. Antioxidant potentiality of three herbal teas consumed in Bandundu rural areas of Congo. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:1940-1943. [PMID: 27905221 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1263844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cellular antioxidant activities of Lantana montevidensis, Lippia multiflora, and Ocimum gratissimum leaves often consumed as herbal teas in a rural area of Bandundu severely affected by konzo, which is related to oxidative damage. Consequently, dietary supplements with proven antioxidant potentialities could be of real interest to promote in this area. Phytochemical screening by TLC and HPLC-DAD of extracts revealed the presence of verbascoside as a major phenolic compound. Verbascoside in L. montevidensis and O. gratissimum is reported here for the first time. All extracts displayed high ABTS and DPPH radical-scavenging activities at the concentration range of 1-40 μg mL-1 according to order: L. multiflora > O. gratissimum > L. montevidensis. L. multiflora showed the best cellular antioxidant activity using DCFH-DA on HL-60 monocytes assay at 1-20 μg mL-1. These herbal teas may be used as nutraceuticals for their potent antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulin Mutwale Kapepula
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre d'Etudes des Substances Naturelles d'Origine Végétale (CESNOV) , University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Patricia Mbombo Mungitshi
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre d'Etudes des Substances Naturelles d'Origine Végétale (CESNOV) , University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Thierry Franck
- c Center for Oxygen, Research, and Development (CORD), Institute of Chemistry B6a , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- c Center for Oxygen, Research, and Development (CORD), Institute of Chemistry B6a , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi
- d Faculty of Medicine , University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo.,e Department of Parasitology , Institut National de Recherches Biomédicales (INRB) , Gombe , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Pascal Dibungi T Kalenda
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre d'Etudes des Substances Naturelles d'Origine Végétale (CESNOV) , University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Nadege Kabamba Ngombe
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre d'Etudes des Substances Naturelles d'Origine Végétale (CESNOV) , University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Didier Serteyn
- c Center for Oxygen, Research, and Development (CORD), Institute of Chemistry B6a , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Monique Tits
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Michel Frédérich
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Tamfum Muyembe
- d Faculty of Medicine , University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo.,e Department of Parasitology , Institut National de Recherches Biomédicales (INRB) , Gombe , Democratic Republic of Congo
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