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Yang T, Chen S, Qiu L, Guo Q, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Bai H, Bi Y, Chang G. Effect of High Dietary Iron on Fat Deposition and Gut Microbiota in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2254. [PMID: 39123780 PMCID: PMC11310990 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To meet the demand of consumers for chicken products, poultry breeders have made improvements to chickens. However, this has led to a new problem in the modern poultry industry, namely excessive fat deposition. This study aims to understand the effects of dietary iron supplementation on fat deposition and gut microbiota in chickens. In this study, we investigated the effects of iron on the growth performance, fat deposition, and gut microbiota of silky fowl black-bone chickens. A total of 75 7-week-old silky fowl black-bone chickens were randomly divided into three groups (five replicates per group, five chickens per replicate) and fed them for 28 days using a growing diet (control group), a growing diet + 10% tallow (high-fat diet group, HFD group), and a growing diet + 10% tallow + 500 mg/kg iron (HFDFe500 group), respectively. We detected the effects of iron on the growth performance, fat deposition, and gut microbiota of silky fowl black-bone chickens using the growth performance index test, oil red O staining, and HE staining, and found that the high-fat diet significantly increased liver and serum fat deposition and liver injury, while the addition of iron to the diet could reduce the fat deposition caused by the high-fat diet and alleviate liver injury. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing was used to compare the relative abundance of gut microbiota in the cecal contents in different feeding groups. The results showed that the high-fat diet could induce gut microbiota imbalance in chickens, while the high-iron diet reversed the gut microbiota imbalance. PICRUSt functional prediction analysis showed that dietary iron supplementation affected amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, cofactors, and vitamin metabolism pathways. In addition, correlation analysis showed that TG was significantly associated with Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota (p < 0.05). Overall, these results revealed high dietary iron (500 mg/kg) could reduce fat deposition and affect the gut microbiota of silky fowl black-bone chickens, suggesting that iron may regulate fat deposition by influencing the gut microbiota of chickens and provides a potential avenue that prevents excessive fat deposition in chickens by adding iron to the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lingling Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qixin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yulin Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Li J, Song F. A causal relationship between antioxidants, minerals and vitamins and metabolic syndrome traits: a Mendelian randomization study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:194. [PMID: 37817280 PMCID: PMC10563368 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available evidence regarding the association of antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits is currently limited and inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this Mendelian randomization (MR) study was to investigate the potential causal relationship between genetically predicted antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins, and MetS. METHODS In this study, we utilized genetic variation as instrumental variable (IV) to capture exposure data related to commonly consumed dietary nutrients, including antioxidants (β-carotene, lycopene, and uric acid), minerals (copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, and selenium), and vitamins (folate, vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and K1). The outcomes of interest, namely MetS (n = 291,107), waist circumference (n = 462,166), hypertension (n = 463,010), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (n = 281,416), triglycerides (n = 441,016), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (n = 403,943), were assessed using pooled data obtained from the most comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) available. Finally, we applied the inverse variance weighting method as the result and conducted a sensitivity analysis for further validation. RESULTS Genetically predicted higher iron (OR = 1.070, 95% CI 1.037-1.105, P = 2.91E-05) and magnesium levels (OR = 1.130, 95% CI 1.058-1.208, P = 2.80E-04) were positively associated with increased risk of MetS. For each component of MetS, higher level of genetically predicted selenium (OR = 0.971, 95% CI 0.957-0.986, P = 1.09E-04) was negatively correlated with HDL-C levels, while vitamin K1 (OR = 1.023, 95% CI 1.012-1.033, P = 2.90E-05) was positively correlated with HDL-C levels. Moreover, genetically predicted vitamin D (OR = 0.985, 95% CI 0.978-0.992, P = 5.51E-5) had a protective effect on FBG levels. Genetically predicted iron level (OR = 1.043, 95% CI 1.022-1.064, P = 4.33E-05) had a risk effect on TG level. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that genetically predicted some specific, but not all, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins may be causally related to the development of MetS traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy in Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology in Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology in Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Zhao Y, Lv X, Chen C, Li K, Wang Y, Liu J. The association between triglyceride-glucose index and hyperferritinemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:403-412. [PMID: 37233914 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and serum ferritin (SF) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A total of 881 T2DM patients were divided into T1(TyG index < 1.66), T2 (1.66 ≤ TyG index < 2.21), and T3 (TyG index ≥ 2.21) groups according to the tertiles of the TyG index. The differences in SF levels and the prevalence of hyperferritinemia (SF ≥ 300 ng/mL for male or SF ≥ 150 ng/mL for female) were compared. The independent correlations between the TyG index and SF, and between hyperferritinemia and TyG in T2DM patients were analyzed, respectively. RESULTS SF levels in male T2DM patients were higher in the T3 group (250.12 ng/mL) than in the T1 and T2 groups (180.45 and 196.56 ng/mL, both p < 0.01),while in female patients with T2DM,SF levels were higher in the T3 group (157.25 ng/mL) than in the T1 group (111.06 ng/mL, p < 0.05).The prevalence of hyperferritinemia in male T2DM patients was higher in the T3 group (31.3%) than those in the T1 and T2 groups (10.4% and 17.3%, both p < 0.05).The TyG index was positively correlated with SF levels in T2DM patients (R = 0.178, p < 0.001).TyG index was independently and positively correlated with SF levels after adjusting for confounders (β = 0.097, 95%CI [2.870,38.148], p = 0.023).The TyG index was positively independently correlated with hyperferritinemia in male T2DM patients (OR = 1.651, 95%CI [1.120,2.432], p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS In parallel with increasing TyG index SF levels gradually increased. The TyG index was positively correlated with SF levels in patients with T2DM and was positively correlated with hyperferritinemia in male T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangting Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chongyang Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kai Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingfang Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Wu H, Sun Y, Yang J, Gao Z, Shen H, Li M, Wang D, Tang Y. Iron deficiency downregulates ENPEP to promote angiogenesis in liver tumors. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109357. [PMID: 37085059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal iron metabolism in liver cancer leads to iron deficiency in tumor tissues. We previously found that iron deficiency promoted liver cancer metastasis, but the mechanisms were not fully understood. In the present study, we identified that the angiogenesis-associated glutamyl aminopeptidase (ENPEP) was consistently decreased in iron-deficient liver tissues, iron-deficient liver tumors, and iron-deprived liver cancer cells. Interestingly, the lower expression of ENPEP was correlated with the poor prognosis of liver cancer patients, while the biomarkers of angiogenesis, CD31 and CD34, were increased in tumor tissues. In vivo imaging of liver-orthotopically implanted and tail vein-injected liver cancer cells showed that iron deficiency increased the pulmonary metastasis of liver cancer. The angiogenesis in iron-deficient tumors was enhanced, and the expression of ENPEP was decreased. Silencing ENPEP expression increased the migration of liver cancer cells and the proliferation of cocultured HUVECs. By sequence analysis, we found that the transcription factor SP1 possessed abundant binding sites in the ENPEP promoter region. Its combination with ENPEP promoters was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The inhibition of SP1 by mithramycin A effectively restored the expression of ENPEP, which was decreased by iron deficiency. In conclusion, these results revealed that iron deficiency in liver tumors decreased the expression of ENPEP by SP1 and increased the angiogenesis and metastasis of liver tumors, which further explained the mechanism by which iron deficiency promoted liver cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zelong Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuxiao Tang
- Department of Nutrition, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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de Souza Aquino J, Batista KS, Araujo-Silva G, dos Santos DC, de Brito NJN, López JA, da Silva JA, das Graças Almeida M, Pincheira CG, Magnani M, de Pontes Pessoa DCN, Stamford TLM. Antioxidant and Lipid-Lowering Effects of Buriti Oil ( Mauritia flexuosa L.) Administered to Iron-Overloaded Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:2585. [PMID: 36985557 PMCID: PMC10056315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of oral ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) doses induces significant oxidative damage to health. However, carotene-rich foods such as buriti oil can help the endogenous antioxidant defense and still maintain other body functions. This study aimed to assess the effects of buriti oil intake in iron-overloaded rats by FeSO4 administration. Buriti oil has β-carotene (787.05 mg/kg), α-tocopherol (689.02 mg/kg), and a predominance of monounsaturated fatty acids (91.30 g/100 g). Wistar rats (n = 32) were subdivided into two control groups that were fed a diet containing either soybean or buriti oil; and two groups which received a high daily oral dose of FeSO4 (60 mg/kg body weight) and fed a diet containing either soybean (SFe) or buriti oil (Bfe). The somatic and hematological parameters, serum lipids, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined after 17 days of iron overload. Somatic parameters were similar among groups. BFe showed a decrease in low-density lipoprotein (38.43%) and hemoglobin (7.51%); an increase in monocytes (50.98%), SOD activity in serum (87.16%), and liver (645.50%) hepatic GPx (1017.82%); and maintained serum GPx compared to SFe. Buriti oil showed systemic and hepatic antioxidant protection in iron-overloaded rats, which may be related to its high carotenoid, tocopherol, and fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Kamila Sabino Batista
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Araujo-Silva
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amapá (UEAP), Macapá 68900-070, AP, Brazil
- Experimental Nutrition Research Group, Vive Sano University Institute (IUVS), São Paulo 04304-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Darlan Coutinho dos Santos
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amapá (UEAP), Macapá 68900-070, AP, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge A. López
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amapá (UEAP), Macapá 68900-070, AP, Brazil
| | - João Andrade da Silva
- Department of Food Technology, Center for Technology and Regional Development, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Carla Guzmán Pincheira
- Experimental Nutrition Research Group, Vive Sano University Institute (IUVS), São Paulo 04304-000, SP, Brazil
- College of Health Care Sciences, Concepción Campus, San Sebastian University, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Food, Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
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Shi Y, Zhong H, Pang L. Maternal micronutrient disturbance as risks of offspring metabolic syndrome. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 75:127097. [PMID: 36272194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a constellation of individual metabolic disturbances, including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The established pathogenesis of MetS varies extensively with gender, age, ethnic background, and nutritional status. In terms of nutritional status, micronutrients are more likely to be discounted as essential components of required nutrition than macronutrients due to the small amount required. Numerous observational studies have shown that pregnant women frequently experience malnutrition, especially in developing and low-income countries, resulting in chronic MetS in the offspring due to the urgent and increasing demands for micronutrients during gestation and lactation. Over the past few decades, scientific developments have revolutionized our understanding of the association between balanced maternal micronutrients and MetS in the offspring. Examples of successful individual, dual, or multiple maternal micronutrient interventions on the offspring include iron for hypertension, selenium for type 2 diabetes, and a combination of folate and vitamin D for adiposity. In this review, we aim to elucidate the effects of maternal micronutrient intake on offspring metabolic homeostasis and discuss potential perspectives and challenges in the field of maternal micronutrient interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shi
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Hong Zhong
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Lingxia Pang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.
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Luo G, Xiang L, Xiao L. Acetyl-CoA Deficiency Is Involved in the Regulation of Iron Overload on Lipid Metabolism in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154966. [PMID: 35956917 PMCID: PMC9370536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary iron supplementation in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of excess dietary iron on NAFLD development and the underlying mechanism. Apolipoprotein E knockout mice were fed a chow diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or an HFD containing 2% carbonyl iron (HFD + Fe) for 16 weeks. The serum and liver samples were acquired for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in different groups. Excess dietary iron alleviated HFD-induced NAFLD, as evidenced by significant decreases in serum/the hepatic accumulation of lipids and the NAFLD scores in HFD + Fe-fed mice compared with those in HFD-fed mice. The hepatic acetyl-CoA level was markedly decreased in the HFD + Fe group compared with that in the HFD group. Important enzymes involved in the source and destination of acetyl-CoA were differentially expressed between the HFD and HFD + Fe groups, including the enzymes associated with cholesterol metabolism, glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Furthermore, iron overload-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress occurred in mouse liver, as evidenced by decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential and antioxidant expression. Therefore, iron overload regulates lipid metabolism by leading to an acetyl-CoA shortage that reduces cholesterol biosynthesis and might play a role in NAFLD pathogenesis. Iron overload-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may impair acetyl-CoA formation from pyruvate and β-oxidation. Our study provides acetyl-CoA as a novel perspective for investigating the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lu Xiang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-8448-7130
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Song CC, Pantopoulos K, Chen GH, Zhong CC, Zhao T, Zhang DG, Luo Z. Iron increases lipid deposition via oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and the HIF1α-PPARγ pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:394. [PMID: 35786773 PMCID: PMC11072531 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micro-element, involved in multiple biological activities in vertebrates. Excess iron accumulation has been identified as an important mediator of lipid deposition. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we found that a high-iron diet significantly increased intestinal iron content and upregulated the mRNA expression of two iron transporters (zip14 and fpn1). Intestinal iron overload increased lipogenesis, reduced lipolysis and promoted oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Iron-induced lipid accumulation was mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF1α), which was induced in response to mitochondrial oxidative stress following inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2). Mechanistically, iron promoted lipid deposition by enhancing the DNA binding capacity of HIF1α to the pparγ and fas promoters. Our results provide experimental evidence that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and the HIF1α-PPARγ pathway are critical mediators of iron-induced lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chun Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chong-Chao Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dian-Guang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Ameka M, Hasty AH. Paying the Iron Price: Liver Iron Homeostasis and Metabolic Disease. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3641-3663. [PMID: 35766833 PMCID: PMC10155403 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential metal element whose bioavailability is tightly regulated. Under normal conditions, systemic and cellular iron homeostases are synchronized for optimal function, based on the needs of each system. During metabolic dysfunction, this synchrony is lost, and markers of systemic iron homeostasis are no longer coupled to the iron status of key metabolic organs such as the liver and adipose tissue. The effects of dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome in the liver have been tied to hepatic insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. While the existence of a relationship between iron dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction has long been acknowledged, identifying correlative relationships is complicated by the prognostic reliance on systemic measures of iron homeostasis. What is lacking and perhaps more informative is an understanding of how cellular iron homeostasis changes with metabolic dysfunction. This article explores bidirectional relationships between different proteins involved in iron homeostasis and metabolic dysfunction in the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3641-3663, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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High Iron Exposure from the Fetal Stage to Adulthood in Mice Alters Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122451. [PMID: 35745181 PMCID: PMC9227341 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron supplementation is recommended during pregnancy and fetal growth. However, excess iron exposure may increase the risk of abnormal fetal development. We investigated the potential side effects of high iron levels in fetuses and through their adult life. C57BL/6J pregnant mice from 2 weeks of gestation and their offspring until 30 weeks were fed a control (CTRL, FeSO4 0 g/1 kg) or high iron (HFe, FeSO4 9.9 g/1 kg) diets. HFe group showed higher iron accumulation in the liver with increased hepcidin, reduced TfR1/2 mRNAs, and lowered ferritin heavy chain (FTH) proteins in both liver and adipose tissues despite iron loading. HFe decreased body weight, fat weight, adipocyte size, and triglyceride levels in the blood and fat, along with downregulation of lipogenesis genes, including PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1c, FASN, and SCD1, and fatty acid uptake and oxidation genes, such as CD36 and PPARα. UCP2, adiponectin, and mRNA levels of antioxidant genes such as GPX4, HO-1, and NQO1 were increased in the HFe group, while total glutathione was reduced. We conclude that prolonged exposure to high iron from the fetal stage to adulthood may decrease fat accumulation by altering ferritin expression, adipocyte differentiation, and triglyceride metabolism, resulting in an alteration in normal growth.
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Jiao L, Dai T, Lu J, Tao X, Jin M, Sun P, Zhou Q. Excess iron supplementation induced hepatopancreas lipolysis, destroyed intestinal function in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113421. [PMID: 35183027 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
So far, the adverse effects of excess Fe in shrimp have been ignored for years as it was thought that extra Fe supplementation was not needed in the practical diets. Nowadays, Fe concentration in commercial shrimp feed from feed enterprises could be around 301.34-545.5 mg/kg, which is mainly due to the fish meal containing up to 1500 mg/kg Fe. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Fe supplementation on the growth performance, tissue Fe deposition, hepatopancreas lipid metabolism, intestinal function in L. vannamei. The results showed that although growth performance was not influenced by the dietary Fe supplementation, excess Fe supplementation (955.00 mg/kg) significantly increased hepatopancreas Fe deposition and induced lipolysis. Moreover, excess Fe supplementation impaired intestinal immune function and disrupted microbiota homeostasis. These findings might provide partial theoretical evidence for the effect of dietary Fe supplementation on physiological metabolism in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Tianmeng Dai
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Xinyue Tao
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
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12
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Effects of high dietary iron on the lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue of male broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Ding H, Zhang Q, Yu X, Chen L, Wang Z, Feng J. Lipidomics reveals perturbations in the liver lipid profile of iron-overloaded mice. Metallomics 2021; 13:6375437. [PMID: 34562083 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload is an important contributor to disease. The liver, the major site of iron storage in the body, is a key organ impacted by iron overload. While several studies have reported perturbations in liver lipids in iron overload, it is not clear, on a global scale, how individual liver lipid ions are altered. Here, we used lipidomics to study the changes in hepatic lipid ions in iron-overloaded mice. Iron overload was induced by daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg/kg body weight iron dextran for 1 week. Iron overload was verified by serum markers of iron status, liver iron quantitation, and Perls stain. Compared with the control group, the serum of iron-overload mice exhibited low levels of urea nitrogen and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and high concentrations of total bile acid, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), suggestive of liver injury. Moreover, iron overload disrupted liver morphology, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, caused lipid peroxidation, and led to DNA fragmentation. Iron overload altered the overall composition of lipid ions in the liver, with significant changes in over 100 unique lipid ions. Notably, iron overload selectively increased the overall abundance of glycerolipids and changed the composition of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. This study, one of the first to report iron-overload induced lipid alterations on a global lipidomics scale, provides early insight into lipid ions that may be involved in iron overload-induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Ding
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingjun Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhonghang Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Han C, Kim HJ, Lee JS, Sakakura Y, Hagiwara A. Species-specific effects of iron on temperate and tropical marine rotifers in reproduction, lipid and ROS metabolisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130317. [PMID: 33780671 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two euryhaline rotifers, the temperate species Brachionus plicatilis and tropical species Brachionus rotundiformis, were used to investigate the effects of iron (FeSO4·7H2O), an essential trace metal, on reproductive patterns and lifetables, including the metabolism of lipid and reactive oxygen species (ROS). B. plicatilis was more sensitive to iron with regard to sexual reproduction. While iron had no significant effect on the population growth at 0-48 μg/mL, it caused a decrease in the resting egg production. B. plicatilis exposed to 6 and 12 μg/mL of iron showed an increase in the intracellular ROS levels and a decrease in the neutral lipid content in sexual organs, accompanied by downregulation of antioxidant components CuZnSOD and two cytochromes (CYP clan 2&3). These patterns suggested that iron-induced oxidative stress was not neutralized by its antioxidant defense system, thus negatively affecting the fecundity of fertilized mictic females. However, B. rotundiformis showed a dose-dependent increase in population growth with extended lifespan and positive sexual reproduction in response to 0-24 μg/mL iron. Furthermore, compared to Fe-exposed B. plicatilis, B. rotundiformis showed better antioxidant mechanism, whereas genes involved in lipid synthesis (citrate lyase, mitochondrial CYP) and reproduction (vasa, sirtuin-2) were significantly upregulated compared to the control, implying that B. rotundiformis was likely to have higher resilience in response to iron-induced oxidative stress. These findings suggest that iron is likely to cause interspecific interactions in the B. plicatilis species complex, whereas the tropical species B. rotundiformis may have evolved an effective defense mechanism against iron-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Han
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Yoshitaka Sakakura
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
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Dietary iron overload mitigates atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E knockout mice: Role of dysregulated hepatic fatty acid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159004. [PMID: 34245925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The atherosclerosis "iron hypothesis" generates a fair amount of debate since it has been proposed. Here, we revisited the "iron hypothesis" by examining whether dietary iron overload would intensify iron deposition in plaques and thus lead to further exacerbation of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice. ApoE KO mice were fed either a normal chow diet (ND) or a high fat diet (HFD) supplemented with or without 2% carbonyl iron (Fe) for 16 weeks. However, contrary to our assumption, dietary iron overloading did not intensify, but rather diminished the atherosclerotic lesion area by 65.3%, which was accompanied by significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, together with hepatic lipid accumulation decline, despite the evident existence of aortic iron accumulation and the typical signs of iron overload in ApoE KO mice. Using isobaric tag for absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomics approach, hepatic CD36 and fatty acid binding proteins-mediated fatty acid (FA) uptake and trafficking impairment were identified as the key potential pathomechanisms by which iron overload diminishes atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, downstream hepatic FA de novo biosynthesis was enhanced and FA oxidation was inhibited to compensate for the FA deficiency triggered by iron overload-impaired fatty acid uptake and trafficking. Our findings suggested that dietary iron overload is not atherogenic in ApoE KO mice, and more research efforts are warranted to revisit the "iron hypothesis" of atherosclerosis.
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Sarlak S, Tabeidian SA, Toghyani M, Shahraki ADF, Goli M, Habibian M. Effects of Replacing Inorganic with Organic Iron on Performance, Egg Quality, Serum and Egg Yolk Lipids, Antioxidant Status, and Iron Accumulation in Eggs of Laying Hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1986-1999. [PMID: 32666433 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects dietary organic (ferrous glycine [FG]) versus inorganic (ferrous sulfate [FS]) iron in laying hens on performance, egg quality, serum and egg yolk lipids, antioxidant status, and iron enrichment of eggs. A total of 378 Shaver White layers were allotted to 7 treatments with 6 replicates (9 birds each) from 30 to 42 weeks of age. A basal diet (19 mg iron/kg) served as control, while the other six diets were supplemented with either FS or FG to provide 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg of added iron. Dietary FG and FS treatments improved (P < 0.05) laying rate, egg weight, and egg quality of layers, relative to the control, albeit eggshell strength and eggshell calcium also deteriorated with the highest level of FS (P < 0.05). The iron treatment groups exhibited a lower serum and egg yolk levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol that accompanied by higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and greater activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as compared with the control (P < 0.05). The contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl were conversely related to the activities SOD and GPx (P < 0.05). The serum and egg fractions (yolk, albumen, and shell) displayed gradually increases in iron contents as the level of iron increased in the diet (P < 0.05), while FG was superior to FS at all tested levels (P < 0.05). To summary, FS can be replaced by FG, with more favorable impacts on egg quality and iron enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Sarlak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Ali Tabeidian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Majid Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Goli
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Habibian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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17
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Tracking biochemical changes induced by iron loading in AML12 cells with synchrotron live cell, time-lapse infrared microscopy. Biochem J 2021; 478:1227-1239. [PMID: 33616158 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are essential for maintaining the homeostasis of iron and lipid metabolism in mammals. Dysregulation of either iron or lipids has been linked with serious health consequences, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, NAFLD is characterised by dysregulated lipid metabolism leading to a lipid storage phenotype. Mild to moderate increases in hepatic iron have been observed in ∼30% of individuals with NAFLD; however, direct observation of the mechanism behind this increase has remained elusive. To address this issue, we sought to determine the metabolic consequences of iron loading on cellular metabolism using live cell, time-lapse Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy utilising a synchrotron radiation source to track biochemical changes. The use of synchrotron FTIR is non-destructive and label-free, and allowed observation of spatially resolved, sub-cellular biochemical changes over a period of 8 h. Using this approach, we have demonstrated that iron loading in AML12 cells induced perturbation of lipid metabolism congruent with steatosis development. Iron-loaded cells had approximately three times higher relative ester carbonyl concentration compared with controls, indicating an accumulation of triglycerides. The methylene/methyl ratio qualitatively suggests the acyl chain length of fatty acids in iron-loaded cells increased over the 8 h period of monitoring compared with a reduction observed in the control cells. Our findings provide direct evidence that mild to moderate iron loading in hepatocytes drives de novo lipid synthesis, consistent with a role for iron in the initial hepatic lipid accumulation that leads to the development of hepatic steatosis.
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Liao W, Yang W, Shen Z, Ai W, Pan Q, Sun Y, Guo S. Heme Oxygenase-1 Regulates Ferrous Iron and Foxo1 in Control of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis. Diabetes 2021; 70:696-709. [PMID: 33408127 PMCID: PMC7897351 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a key player for maintaining glucose homeostasis. Excessive hepatic glucose production is considered to be a key for the onset of type 2 diabetes. The primary function of heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) is to catalyze the degradation of heme into biliverdin, ferrous iron, and carbon monoxide. Previous studies have demonstrated that the degradation of heme by HO1 in the liver results in mitochondrial dysfunction and drives insulin resistance. In this study, by overexpressing HO1 in hepatocytes and mice, we showed that HO1 promotes gluconeogenesis in a Foxo1-dependent manner. Importantly, HO1 overexpression increased the generation of ferrous iron in the liver, which further activates nuclear factor-κB and phosphorylates Foxo1 at Ser273 to enhance gluconeogenesis. We further assessed the role of HO1 in insulin-resistant liver-specific knockout of IRS1 and IRS2 genes (L-DKO) mice, which exhibit upregulation of HO1 in the liver and hepatic ferrous iron overload. HO1 knockdown by shRNA or treatment of iron chelator rescued the aberrant gluconeogenesis in L-DKO mice. In addition, we found that systemic iron overload promotes gluconeogenesis by activating the hepatic protein kinase A→Foxo1 axis. Thus, our results demonstrate the role of HO1 in regulating hepatic iron status and Foxo1 to control gluconeogenesis and blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Wanbao Yang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Weiqi Ai
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Quan Pan
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Ma B, Sun H, Zhu B, Wang S, Du L, Wang X, Qu S. Hepatic Steatosis Is Associated with Elevated Serum Iron in Patients with Obesity and Improves after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Facts 2021; 14:64-71. [PMID: 33352578 PMCID: PMC7983566 DOI: 10.1159/000511736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is closely related to metabolism. However, the relationship between iron and hepatic steatosis has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the triangular relationship between iron and hepatic steatosis and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in patients with obesity. METHODS A total of 297 patients with obesity and 43 healthy individuals with a normal BMI were enrolled. Eighty-two patients underwent LSG. Anthropometrics, glucose-lipid metabolic markers, and hepatic steatosis assessed by FibroScan (CAP value and E value) were measured at baseline, and again at follow-up time intervals of 6 months and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS (1) Iron was significantly higher in patients with obesity or overweight than in the individuals with normal BMI (8.18 ± 1.47 vs. 7.46 ± 0.99 mmol/L, p = 0.002). Iron was also higher in subjects with high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia than non-corresponding disorders (all p < 0.05). Moreover, iron was significantly higher in the severe than mild or moderate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) group (p = 0.046 and 0.018). (2) Iron was positively associated with body weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, uric acid, liver enzymes, postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, free fatty acid, and hepatic steatosis (CAP value), and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all p < 0.05). Iron was also positively associated with the visceral adipose area in patients with obesity and negatively associated with the subcutaneous adipose area in patients with overweight (all p < 0.05). (3) Iron levels and CAP values were decreased gradually 6 months and 1 year after surgery (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicated that iron is associated with hepatic steatosis in obesity. The iron level was significantly higher in patients with severe NAFLD than with mild or moderate NAFLD. LSG may reduce iron levels while improving fat deposition in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilin Wang
- Department of Liver and Gallbladder Surgery, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingchun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Thyroid Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China,
- Thyroid Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China,
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Chen S, Wu X, Wang X, Shao Y, Tu Q, Yang H, Yin J, Yin Y. Responses of Intestinal Microbiota and Immunity to Increasing Dietary Levels of Iron Using a Piglet Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603392. [PMID: 33392192 PMCID: PMC7773786 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential metal for both animals and microbiota. In general, neonates and infants of humans and animals are at the risk of iron insufficiency. However, excess dietary iron usually causes negative impacts on the host and microbiota. This study aimed to investigate overloaded dietary iron supplementation on growth performance, the distribution pattern of iron in the gut lumen and the host, intestinal microbiota, and intestine transcript profile of piglets. Sixty healthy weaning piglets were randomly assigned to six groups: fed on diets supplemented with ferrous sulfate monohydrate at the dose of 50 ppm (Fe50 group), 100 ppm (Fe100 group), 200 ppm (Fe200 group), 500 ppm (Fe500 group), and 800 ppm (Fe800), separately, for 3 weeks. The results indicated that increasing iron had no significant effects on growth performance, but increased diarrheal risk and iron deposition in intestinal digesta, tissues of intestine and liver, and serum. High iron also reduced serum iron-binding capacity, apolipoprotein, and immunoglobin A. The RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that iron changed colonic transcript profile, such as interferon gamma-signal transducer and activator of transcription two-based anti-infection gene network. Increasing iron also shifted colonic and cecal microbiota, such as reducing alpha diversity and the relative abundance of Clostridiales and Lactobacillus reuteri and increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus amylovorus. Collectively, this study demonstrated that high dietary iron increased diarrheal incidence, changed intestinal immune response-associated gene expression, and shifted gut microbiota. The results would enhance our knowledge of iron effects on the gut and microbiome in piglets and further contribute to understanding these aspects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China.,Yiyang Vocational Technical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Yirui Shao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
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21
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Staniek HZ, Król E, Wójciak RW. The Interactive Effect of High Doses of Chromium(III) and Different Iron(III) Levels on the Carbohydrate Status, Lipid Profile, and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Female Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103070. [PMID: 33050015 PMCID: PMC7599772 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the main and interactive effects of chromium(III) propionate complex (Cr3) supplementation and different iron supply on the carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile and other selected biochemical parameters of rats. The experiment was carried out in a two-factor design, in which rats were fed a diet with different proportions of Fe(III) and Cr(III) for six weeks. Fifty-four healthy female Wistar rats were divided into nine experimental groups with different Fe(III) levels, i.e. adequate-control group (45 mg/kg)-100% recommended daily dietary dose of Fe for rodents, deficient (5 mg/kg) and oversupply (180 mg/kg-400%). At the same time they were supplemented with Cr(III) of doses 1 (adequate), 50 and 500 mg/kg of diet. The activity and concentrations of most biochemical parameters were measured with standard enzymatic, kinetic, and colorimetric methods. HOMA-IR and QUICKI indexes were calculated according to appropriate formulas. It was found that there was an interactive effect of high Cr(III) doses and different Fe(III) levels in the diet on the carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance indexes. The presented results suggested that iron deficient diet fed animals led to insulin resistance; however, an effect is attenuated by Cr(III) supplementation at high doses. There were no significant changes in the rats' lipid profile (except for the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level) and most of the other biochemical parameters, such as the leptin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total protein (TP), creatinine (Crea) and the urea (BUN) concentrations. The study proved that the Cr(III) supplementation, independently and in combination with diversified Fe(III) content in the diet, affected the carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance indexes but did not affect lipid profile and most of the other biochemical parameters in healthy rats. The findings proved the role of Fe and Cr(III) and their interactions on disturbances carbohydrates metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Zofia Staniek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(61)-8487334
| | - Ewelina Król
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rafał Wojciech Wójciak
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
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22
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Leonardi BF, Gosmann G, Zimmer AR. Modeling Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rodents. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000249. [PMID: 32978870 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Standardized animal models represent one of the most valuable tools available to understand the mechanism underlying the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to seek for new therapeutic strategies. However, there is considerable variability in the studies conducted with this essential purpose. This review presents an updated discussion of the most recent studies using diverse experimental conditions to induce MetS in rodents with unbalanced diets, discusses the key findings in metabolic outcomes, and critically evaluates what we have been learned from them and how to advance in the field. The study includes scientific reports sourced from the Web of Science and PubMed databases, published between January 2013 and June 2020, which used hypercaloric diets to induce metabolic disorders, and address the impact of the diet on metabolic parameters. The collected data are used as support to discuss variables such as sex, species, and age of the animals, the most favorable type of diet, and the ideal diet length to generate metabolic changes. The experimental characteristics propose herein improve the performance of a preclinical model that resembles the human MetS and will guide researchers to investigate new therapeutic alternatives with confidence and higher translational validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca F Leonardi
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
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Seeßle J, Gan-Schreier H, Kirchner M, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W, Merle U. Plasma Lipidome, PNPLA3 polymorphism and hepatic steatosis in hereditary hemochromatosis. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:230. [PMID: 32680469 PMCID: PMC7368730 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder with increased intestinal iron absorption and therefore iron Overload. iron overload leads to increased levels of toxic non-transferrin bound iron which results in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The impact of iron on lipid metabolism is so far not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate lipid metabolism including lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), neutral (triglycerides, cholesterol) and polar lipids (sphingo- and phospholipids), and PNPLA3 polymorphism (rs738409/I148M) in HH. Methods We conducted a cohort study of 54 subjects with HH and 20 healthy subjects. Patients were analyzed for their iron status including iron, ferritin, transferrin and transferrin saturation and serum lipid profile on a routine follow-up examination. Results HH group showed significantly lower serum phosphatidylcholine (PC) and significantly higher phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) compared to healthy control group. The ratio of PC/PE was clearly lower in HH group indicating a shift from PC to PE. Triglycerides were significantly higher in HH group. No differences were seen for HDL, LDL and cholesterol. Hepatic steatosis was significantly more frequent in HH. PNPLA3 polymorphism (CC vs. CG/GG) did not reveal any significant correlation with iron and lipid parameters including neutral and polar lipids, grade of steatosis and fibrosis. Conclusion Our study strengthens the hypothesis of altered lipid metabolism in HH and susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Disturbed phospholipid metabolism may represent an important factor in pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis in HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Seeßle
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongying Gan-Schreier
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marietta Kirchner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kocpinar EF, Gonul Baltaci N, Ceylan H, Kalin SN, Erdogan O, Budak H. Effect of a Prolonged Dietary Iron Intake on the Gene Expression and Activity of the Testicular Antioxidant Defense System in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:135-141. [PMID: 31309445 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that iron represents a crucial element for the catalysis of many metabolic reactions, its accumulation in the cell leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), provoking pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and fertility. Thus, ROS are neutralized by the enzymatic antioxidant system for the purpose of protecting cells against any damage. Iron is a potential risk factor for male fertility. However, the mechanism of action of iron on the testicular antioxidant system at the gene and protein levels is not fully understood. Thus, the purpose of the current research was to ensure a better understanding of how the long-term iron treatment influences both gene expression and enzyme activities of the testicular antioxidant system in rat testis. The data of our study showed that a significant dose-dependent increase occurred in the iron level in rat testis. A reduction occurred in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, which represent a marker of oxidative stress, along with long-term iron overload. The expression and activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd), glutathione reductase (Gr), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and glutathione S-transferases (Gst) were significantly affected by the presence of iron. The findings of the current research demonstrate that the long-term toxic dietary iron overload influences the gene expression and enzyme activity of the testicular antioxidant defense system, but the actual effect occurs at the protein level. This may modify the sperm function and dysfunction of the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Fehim Kocpinar
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Muş Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Gonul Baltaci
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamid Ceylan
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seyda Nur Kalin
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erdogan
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Harun Budak
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Shi Y, Zou Y, Shen Z, Xiong Y, Zhang W, Liu C, Chen S. Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2612. [PMID: 32283758 PMCID: PMC7177711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic derangements, including central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. The pathogenesis of MetS has been intensively studied, and now many factors are recognized to contribute to the development of MetS. Among these, trace elements influence the structure of proteins, enzymes, and complex carbohydrates, and thus an imbalance in trace elements is an independent risk factor for MetS. The molecular link between trace elements and metabolic homeostasis has been established, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have appeared as key regulators bridging these two elements. This is because on one hand, PPARs are actively involved in various metabolic processes, such as abdominal adiposity and insulin sensitivity, and on the other hand, PPARs sensitively respond to changes in trace elements. For example, an iron overload attenuates hepatic mRNA expression of Ppar-α; zinc supplementation is considered to recover the DNA-binding activity of PPAR-α, which is impaired in steatotic mouse liver; selenium administration downregulates mRNA expression of Ppar-γ, thereby improving lipid metabolism and oxidative status in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. More importantly, PPARs' expression and activity are under the control of the circadian clock and show a robust 24 h rhythmicity, which might be the reasons for the side effects and the clinical limitations of trace elements targeting PPARs. Taken together, understanding the casual relationships among trace elements, PPARs' actions, and the pathogenesis of MetS is of great importance. Further studies are required to explore the chronopharmacological effects of trace elements on the diurnal oscillation of PPARs and the consequent development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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In Vitro Enzyme Inhibitory Properties, Secondary Metabolite Profiles and Multivariate Analysis of Five Seaweeds. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18040198. [PMID: 32276531 PMCID: PMC7230894 DOI: 10.3390/md18040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds have been exploited as both food products and therapeutics to manage human ailments for centuries. This study investigated the metabolite profile of five seaweeds (Halimeda spp., Spyridia hypnoides (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Papenfuss, Valoniopsis pachynema (G. Martens) Børgesen, Gracilaria fergusonii J. Agardh and Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Furthermore, these seaweeds were assessed for antioxidant and inhibitory effects against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE), butyryl-cholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase. Valoniopsis pachynema and A. anceps yielded the highest flavonoid (4.30 ± 0.29 mg RE/g) and phenolic content (7.83 ± 0.08 mg RE/g), respectively. Additionally, A. anceps exhibited significant antioxidant properties with all assays and significantly depressed BChE (IC50 = 6.68 ± 0.83 mg/mL) and α-amylase activities (IC50 = 5.34 ± 0.14 mg/mL). Interestingly, the five seaweeds revealed potent inhibitory effects against tyrosinase activity. In conclusion, A. anceps might be considered as a key source of phytoantioxidants and a potential candidate to develop nutritional supplements. Besides, the five tested seaweeds warrant further study and may be exploited as promising natural sources for managing hyperpigmentation.
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Zhu Z, He Y, Wu F, Zhao L, Wu C, Lu Y, Zang J, Wang Z, Sun J, Huang J, Guo C, Ding G. The Associations of Dietary Iron, Zinc and Magnesium with Metabolic Syndrome in China's Mega Cities. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030659. [PMID: 32121232 PMCID: PMC7146276 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Iron, zinc and magnesium perform differently in body metabolism but exist in similar food. This study was to evaluate the associations of dietary iron, zinc and magnesium with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: A sample of a total of 5323 participants from four of China’s mega cities was included in the current study. Both a 3-day 24-h dietary recall and household condiment weighing were applied to assess dietary intake, respectively. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of dietary iron, zinc and magnesium with MetS. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, region, years of education, physical activity level, intended physical exercises, smoking status, alcohol use, daily energy intake and mutual adjustment for dietary iron, zinc and magnesium, significant positive trends were found across quartiles of total dietary iron and the risk of MetS, as well as for magnesium and MetS (p value for trends = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively); dietary zinc was inversely associated with MetS risk (p value for trend < 0.01). Magnesium from grains and potato was positively associated with MetS (p value for trend < 0.01). Conclusions: Dietary iron and magnesium were positively associated with the risk of MetS, while zinc was inversely associated with the risk of MetS, in China’s mega cities. The positive association of magnesium with MetS could be a result confounding by other factors correlated with magnesium in grains and potato, which warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Zhu
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 20036, China; (Z.Z.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (J.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.G.)
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Yuna He
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Fan Wu
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 20036, China; (Z.Z.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (J.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Liyun Zhao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Chunfeng Wu
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 20036, China; (Z.Z.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (J.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Ye Lu
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 20036, China;
| | - Jiajie Zang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 20036, China; (Z.Z.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (J.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Zhengyuan Wang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 20036, China; (Z.Z.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (J.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Jing Sun
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Jian Huang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Changyi Guo
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 20036, China; (Z.Z.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (J.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Gangqiang Ding
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.H.); (L.Z.); (J.S.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6623-7001
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Abstract
Intestinal iron homeostasis is like the Zhong-Yong in traditional Chinese culture, which is a dynamic balance between Yin and Yang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Ding
- College of Animal Science
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- College of Animal Science
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Science
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of animal feed and nutrition of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou
- China
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Yang Z, Wu J, Li X, Xie D, Wang Y, Yang T. Association between dietary iron intake and the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17613. [PMID: 31651873 PMCID: PMC6824640 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to test the association between dietary iron intake and the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a large sample of middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.The data included in this analysis were collected from a population-based cross-sectional study, that is, the Xiangya Hospital Health Management Center Study. Dietary iron intake was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The relationship between dietary iron intake and the prevalence of NAFLD was examined using logistic and spline regressions.A cross-sectional study including 5445 subjects was conducted. The prevalence of NAFLD was 36.9%. Compared with the lowest quintile, the energy-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of NAFLD were 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.64), 1.80 (95% CI: 1.41-2.29) and 2.11 (95% CI: 1.60-2.80) in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th quintile of iron intake, respectively (P-value for trend <.001). In addition, dietary iron intake was positively associated with the OR of NAFLD in a dose-response relationship manner (test for trend P < .001). However, after stratifying the data by gender, such association only remained in the male, but not in the female population. With adjustment of additional potential confounders, the results did not change materially.Subjects with higher dietary iron intake were subject to a higher prevalence of NAFLD in a dose-response relationship manner. However, such association probably only exists in males, but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury
| | - Dongxing Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tubao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University
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Martin-Rodriguez J, Gonzalez-Cantero J, Gonzalez-Cantero A, Martí-Bonmatí L, Alberich-Bayarri Á, Gonzalez-Cejudo T, Gonzalez-Calvin J. Insulin resistance and NAFLD: Relationship with intrahepatic iron and serum TNF-α using 1H MR spectroscopy and MRI. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2019; 45:473-479. [PMID: 30660761 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Staniek H. The combined effects of Cr(III) propionate complex supplementation and iron excess on copper and zinc status in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 53:49-54. [PMID: 30910206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that both iron overload and chromium(III) deficiency may be risk factors of diabetes. It seems that both Fe and Cr(III) metabolism as well as copper and zinc metabolism are interrelated. However, the direction of these changes may depend on mutual proportions of these elements in the diet and organism. The aim of the study was to evaluate the combined effects of Cr(III) supplementation with Fe excess on the Cu and Zn status in female rats. Thirty-six healthy rats were divided into 6 experimental groups with different Fe levels in the diet. Groups marked with C (control) contained Fe at the recommended level (45 mg kg-1). The excess groups (E) contained Fe at 180 mg kg-1. At the same time the animals were supplemented with Cr(III) of doses 1, 50 and 500 mg kg-1 of diet. The Cr, Fe, Cu and Zn dietary and tissular contents were measured with the AAS method.The excess Fe in the diet significantly decreased the Cu content in the liver and kidneys, but it increased the spleen Cu level. The Cr(III) supplementary did not affect the tissular Cu levels, regardless of Fe supply with diet. The experimental factors did not have significant interactional effect on the Cu status parameters under study.The Fe excess in the diet reduced the renal and splenic Zn content, but increased the heart Zn content. The Cr(III) supplementation decreased the Zn content in the kidneys. The Zn content in the liver and spleen tended to decrease as the Cr(III) supply in the diet increased. There was no significant interactional effect of Cr(III) supplementation and the Fe excessive supply in diet on the parameters of Zn metabolism in Wistar rats. Iron oversupply disturbed the rat's Cu and Zn status. However, Cr(III) supplementation did not affect the tissular levels of these elements, except the kidney Zn content. Simultaneous supplementation with the Cr(III) propionate complex did not deepen changes in tissular Cu and Zn levels caused by the Fe excess in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Staniek
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
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Independent and combined effects of dietary iron composition and selected risk factors on the risk of NAFLD in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4069. [PMID: 30858480 PMCID: PMC6411980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential mineral required for most forms of life. However, very little is known in relation to the different forms of dietary iron on the development of NAFLD. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of iron intake from different food types on risk of NAFLD and whether this effect may be modified by other factors. We conducted a hospital-based case–control study including 1,273 NAFLD cases and 1,273 gender and age-matched controls. We conducted in-person interviews while participants completed a questionnaire on food habits. We assessed animal- and plant-derived intake of iron and fat. We observed that animal-derived iron intake (>4.16 mg/day) was positively associated with augmented NAFLD risk in a Chinese population (ORadjusted = 1.66 in the highest quartile compared with the lowest, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–2.73). In contrast, a high consumption of iron (>16.87 mg/day) from plant-based foods was associated with a decreased NAFLD risk (ORadjusted = 0.61 in the highest quartile compared with the lowest; 95% CI = 0.40–0.935). In addition, high intake of fat or being overweight may exacerbate this effect. Reduced consumption of iron and fat from animal sources could reduce NAFLD risk, as would weight loss.
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Handa P, Thomas S, Morgan-Stevenson V, Maliken BD, Gochanour E, Boukhar S, Yeh MM, Kowdley KV. Iron alters macrophage polarization status and leads to steatohepatitis and fibrogenesis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1015-1026. [PMID: 30835899 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0318-108r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that iron overload in hepatic reticuloendothelial system cells (RES) is associated with severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recruited myeloid-derived macrophages have gained a pivotal position as drivers of NASH progression and fibrosis. In this study, we used bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from C57Bl6 mice as surrogates for recruited macrophages and examined the effect of iron on macrophage polarization. Treatment with iron (ferric ammonium citrate, FAC) led to increased expression levels of M1 markers: CCL2, CD14, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α; it also increased protein levels of CD68, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by flow cytometry. This effect could be reversed by desferrioxamine, an iron chelator. Furthermore, iron loading of macrophages in the presence of IL-4 led to the down-regulation of M2 markers: arginase-1, Mgl-1, and M2-specific transcriptional regulator, KLF4. Iron loading of macrophages with IL-4 also resulted in reduced phosphorylation of STAT6, another transcriptional regulator of M2 activation. Dietary iron overload of C57Bl6 mice led to hepatic macrophage M1 activation. Iron overload also stimulated hepatic fibrogenesis. Histologic analysis revealed that iron overload resulted in steatohepatitis. Furthermore, NAFLD patients with hepatic RES iron deposition had increased hepatic gene expression levels of M1 markers, IL-6, IL-1β, and CD40 and reduced gene expression of an M2 marker, TGM2, relative to patients with hepatocellular iron deposition pattern. We conclude that iron disrupts the balance between M1/M2 macrophage polarization and leads to macrophage-driven inflammation and fibrogenesis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Handa
- Organ Care Research and Liver Care Network, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sunil Thomas
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Bryan D Maliken
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric Gochanour
- Organ Care Research and Liver Care Network, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarag Boukhar
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew M Yeh
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kris V Kowdley
- Organ Care Research and Liver Care Network, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Shu T, Lv Z, Xie Y, Tang J, Mao X. Hepcidin as a key iron regulator mediates glucotoxicity-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:150-161. [PMID: 30776286 PMCID: PMC6391907 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that glucotoxicity induces pancreatic β-cells dysfunction; however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Our previous studies demonstrated that high glucose concentrations are associated with decreased hepcidin expression, which inhibits insulin synthesis. In this study, we focused on the role of low hepcidin level-induced increased iron deposition in β-cells and the relationship between abnormal iron metabolism and β-cell dysfunction. Decreased hepcidin expression increased iron absorption by upregulating transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) expression, resulting in iron accumulation within cells. Prussia blue stain and calcein-AM assays revealed greater iron accumulation in the cytoplasm of pancreatic tissue isolated from db/db mice, cultured islets and Min6 cells in response to high glucose stimulation. Increased cytosolic iron deposition was associated with greater Fe2+ influx into the mitochondria, which depolarized the mitochondria membrane potential, inhibited ATP synthesis, generated excessive ROS and induced oxidative stress. The toxic effect of excessive iron on mitochondrial function eventually resulted in impaired insulin secretion. The restricted iron content in db/db mice via reduced iron intake or accelerated iron clearance improved blood glucose levels with decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (FIns), HbA1c level, as well as improved intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) results. Thus, our study may reveal the mechanism involved in the role of hepcidin in the glucotoxcity impaired pancreatic β cell function pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhigang Lv
- Department of Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuchun Xie
- Department of Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junming Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People Hospital, Affiliated Jiangsu University, Yixing, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuhua Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People Hospital, Affiliated Jiangsu University, Yixing, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to X Mao:
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Miranda MA, St Pierre CL, Macias-Velasco JF, Nguyen HA, Schmidt H, Agnello LT, Wayhart JP, Lawson HA. Dietary iron interacts with genetic background to influence glucose homeostasis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:13. [PMID: 30820238 PMCID: PMC6380031 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is a critical component of metabolic homeostasis, but consumption of dietary iron has increased dramatically in the last 30 years, corresponding with the rise of metabolic disease. While the link between iron metabolism and metabolic health is well established, the extent to which dietary iron contributes to metabolic disease risk is unexplored. Further, it is unknown how dietary iron interacts with genetic background to modify metabolic disease risk. METHODS LG/J and SM/J inbred mouse strains were used to investigate the relationship between genetic background and metabolic function during an 8-week high iron diet. Glucose tolerance and adiposity were assessed, colorimetric assays determined levels of circulating metabolic markers, and hepatic iron content was measured. RNA sequencing was performed on white adipose tissue to identify genes differentially expressed across strain, diet, and strain X diet cohorts. Hepatic Hamp expression and circulating hepcidin was measured, and small nucleotide variants were identified in the Hamp genic region. RESULTS LG/J mice experienced elevated fasting glucose and glucose intolerance during the high iron diet, corresponding with increased hepatic iron load, increased circulating ferritin, and signs of liver injury. Adipose function was also altered in high iron-fed LG/J mice, including decreased adiposity and leptin production and differential expression of genes involved in iron and glucose homeostasis. LG/J mice failed to upregulate hepatic Hamp expression during the high iron diet, resulting in low circulating hepcidin levels compared to SM/J mice. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of accounting for genetic variation when assessing the effects of diet on metabolic health, and suggests dietary iron's impact on liver and adipose tissue is an underappreciated component of metabolic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Miranda
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Celine L. St Pierre
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Juan F. Macias-Velasco
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Huyen Anh Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Heather Schmidt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Lucian T. Agnello
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jessica P. Wayhart
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Heather A. Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Simão M, Camacho A, Ostertag A, Cohen-Solal M, Pinto IJ, Porto G, Hang Korng E, Cancela ML. Iron-enriched diet contributes to early onset of osteoporotic phenotype in a mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207441. [PMID: 30427936 PMCID: PMC6241130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is associated with chronic iron overload secondary to hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), but the causative mechanisms are incompletely understood. The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of dietary iron on osteoporosis, using as biological model the Hfe-KO mice, which have a systemic iron overload. We showed that these mice show an increased susceptibility for developing a bone loss phenotype compared to WT mice, which can be exacerbated by an iron rich diet. The dietary iron overload caused an increase in inflammation and iron incorporation within the trabecular bone in both WT and Hfe-KO mice. However, the osteoporotic phenotype was only evident in Hfe-KO mice fed the iron-enriched diet. This appeared to result from an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption driven by iron toxicity associated to Hfe-KO and confirmed by a decrease in bone microarchitecture parameters (identified by micro-CT) and osteoblast number. These findings were supported by the observed downregulation of bone metabolism markers and upregulation of ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 (Fth1) and transferrin receptor-1 (Tfrc), which are associated with iron toxicity and bone loss phenotype. In WT mice the iron rich diet was not enough to promote a bone loss phenotype, essentially due to the concomitant depression of bone resorption observed in those animals. In conclusion the dietary challenge influences the development of osteoporosis in the HH mice model thus suggesting that the iron content in the diet may influence the osteoporotic phenotype in systemic iron overload conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Simão
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - António Camacho
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital de Cascais, Alcabideche, Portugal
| | - Agnès Ostertag
- Inserm U1132, Bioscar, Hôpital Lariboisiére, pôle locomoteur, service de rhumatologie, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Inserm U1132, Bioscar, Hôpital Lariboisiére, pôle locomoteur, service de rhumatologie, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - I. Jorge Pinto
- Basic and Clinical Research on Iron Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC) and I3S –Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Porto
- Basic and Clinical Research on Iron Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC) and I3S –Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Pathology and Molecular Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Hematology Service, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ea Hang Korng
- Inserm U1132, Bioscar, Hôpital Lariboisiére, pôle locomoteur, service de rhumatologie, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Pathology and Molecular Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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Total and Nonheme Dietary Iron Intake Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Chinese Men and Women. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111663. [PMID: 30400363 PMCID: PMC6266186 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The causal relationship between serum ferritin and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains inconclusive. Dietary iron intake increases serum ferritin. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations of total, heme, and nonheme dietary iron intake with MetS and its components in men and women in metropolitan China. Data from 3099 participants in the Shanghai Diet and Health Survey (SDHS) obtained during 2012–2013 were included in this analysis. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h diet records from 3 consecutive days. Multivariate generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the associations of dietary iron intake with MetS and its components. After adjustment for potential confounders as age, sex, income, physical exercise, smoking status, alcohol use, and energy intake, a positive trend was observed across quartiles of total iron intake and risk of MetS (p for trend = 0.022). Compared with the lowest quartile of total iron intake (<12.72 mg/day), the highest quartile (≥21.88 mg/day) had an odds ratio (95% confidence interval), OR (95% CI), of 1.59 (1.15,2.20). In addition, the highest quartile of nonheme iron intake (≥20.10 mg/day) had a 1.44-fold higher risk of MetS compared with the lowest quartile (<11.62 mg/day), and higher risks of MetS components were associated with the third quartiles of total and nonheme iron intake. There was no association between heme iron intake and risk of MetS (p for trend = 0.895). Associations for total and nonheme iron intake with MetS risk were found in men but not in women. Total and nonheme dietary iron intake was found to be positively associated with MetS and its components in the adult population in metropolitan China. This research also revealed a gender difference in the association between dietary iron intake and MetS.
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Tucum-do-cerrado (Bactris setosa Mart.) may enhance hepatic glucose response by suppressing gluconeogenesis and upregulating Slc2a2 via AMPK pathway, even in a moderate iron supplementation condition. Food Res Int 2018; 113:433-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Koonyosying P, Kongkarnka S, Uthaipibull C, Svasti S, Fucharoen S, Srichairatanakool S. Green tea extract modulates oxidative tissue injury in beta-thalassemic mice by chelation of redox iron and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1694-1702. [PMID: 30372872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload in patients with β-thalassemia can cause oxidative organ dysfunction. Iron chelation along with antioxidant supplementation can ameliorate such complications and prolong lives. Green tea extract (GTE) rich in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exhibits anti-oxidation and iron chelation properties in β-knockout thalassemic (BKO) mice diagnosed with iron overload. We investigated the effects of GTE and deferiprone (DFP) alone in combination with one another, and upon the levels of redox-active iron, lipid-peroxidation product, insulin and hepcidin in BKO mice. A state of iron overload was induced in the mice via a trimethylhexanoyl-ferrocene supplemented (Fe) diet for 3 months, and the mice were treated daily with either: DFP (50 mg/kg), DFP (50 mg/kg) plus GTE (50 mg EGCG equivalent/kg), or GTE alone for 2 months. Plasma non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepcidin and insulin; tissue iron and MDA were measured. DFP, GTE and GTE + DFP effectively decreased plasma MDA (p < 0.05), NTBI and ALT, and increased plasma hepcidin and insulin. All the treatments also reduced iron accumulation and MDA production in both the pancreas and liver in the mice. However, the combination therapy demonstrated no advantages over monotherapy. The findings suggest GTE improved liver and pancreatic β-cell functions in iron-overloaded β-thalassemia mice by diminishing redox iron and free radicals, while inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Consequently, there are indications that GTE holds significant potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Kongkarnka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chairat Uthaipibull
- Protein-Ligand Engineering and Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Bioscience, Mahidol University Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Bioscience, Mahidol University Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom, Thailand
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Miranda MA, Lawson HA. Ironing out the Details: Untangling Dietary Iron and Genetic Background in Diabetes. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1437. [PMID: 30301129 PMCID: PMC6213605 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for genetic risk factors in type-II diabetes has been hindered by a failure to consider dietary variables. Dietary nutrients impact metabolic disease risk and severity and are essential to maintaining metabolic health. Genetic variation between individuals confers differences in metabolism, which directly impacts response to diet. Most studies attempting to identify genetic risk factors in disease fail to incorporate dietary components, and thus are ill-equipped to capture the breadth of the genome's impact on metabolism. Understanding how genetic background interacts with nutrients holds the key to predicting and preventing metabolic diseases through the implementation of personalized nutrition. Dysregulation of iron homeostasis is associated with type-II diabetes, but the link between dietary iron and metabolic dysfunction is poorly defined. High iron burden in adipose tissue induces insulin resistance, but the mechanisms underlying adipose iron accumulation remain unknown. Hepcidin controls dietary iron absorption and distribution in metabolic tissues, but it is unknown whether genetic variation influencing hepcidin expression modifies susceptibility to dietary iron-induced insulin resistance. This review highlights discoveries concerning the axis of iron homeostasis and adipose function and suggests that genetic variation underlying dietary iron metabolism is an understudied component of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Miranda
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8232, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Heather A Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8232, 660 South Euclid Ave, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Longitudinal analysis of biomarker data from a personalized nutrition platform in healthy subjects. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14685. [PMID: 30279436 PMCID: PMC6168584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The trend toward personalized approaches to health and medicine has resulted in a need to collect high-dimensional datasets on individuals from a wide variety of populations, in order to generate customized intervention strategies. However, it is not always clear whether insights derived from studies in patient populations or in controlled trial settings are transferable to individuals in the general population. To address this issue, a longitudinal analysis was conducted on blood biomarker data from 1032 generally healthy individuals who used an automated, web-based personalized nutrition and lifestyle platform. The study had two main aims: to analyze correlations between biomarkers for biological insights, and to characterize the effectiveness of the platform in improving biomarker levels. First, a biomarker correlation network was constructed to generate biological hypotheses that are relevant to researchers and, potentially, to users of personalized wellness tools. The correlation network revealed expected patterns, such as the established relationships between blood lipid levels, as well as novel insights, such as a connection between neutrophil and triglyceride concentrations that has been suggested as a relevant indicator of cardiovascular risk. Next, biomarker changes during platform use were assessed, showing a trend toward normalcy for most biomarkers in those participants whose values were out of the clinically normal range at baseline. Finally, associations were found between the selection of specific interventions and corresponding biomarker changes, suggesting directions for future study.
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Cooperative Metabolic Adaptations in the Host Can Favor Asymptomatic Infection and Select for Attenuated Virulence in an Enteric Pathogen. Cell 2018; 175:146-158.e15. [PMID: 30100182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen virulence exists on a continuum. The strategies that drive symptomatic or asymptomatic infections remain largely unknown. We took advantage of the concept of lethal dose 50 (LD50) to ask which component of individual non-genetic variation between hosts defines whether they survive or succumb to infection. Using the enteric pathogen Citrobacter, we found no difference in pathogen burdens between healthy and symptomatic populations. Iron metabolism-related genes were induced in asymptomatic hosts compared to symptomatic or naive mice. Dietary iron conferred complete protection without influencing pathogen burdens, even at 1000× the lethal dose of Citrobacter. Dietary iron induced insulin resistance, increasing glucose levels in the intestine that were necessary and sufficient to suppress pathogen virulence. A short course of dietary iron drove the selection of attenuated Citrobacter strains that can transmit and asymptomatically colonize naive hosts, demonstrating that environmental factors and cooperative metabolic strategies can drive conversion of pathogens toward commensalism.
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Vela D, Sopi RB, Mladenov M. Low Hepcidin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Examining the Molecular Links and Their Clinical Implications. Can J Diabetes 2018; 42:179-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Dos Santos Vieira DA, Hermes Sales C, Galvão Cesar CL, Marchioni DM, Fisberg RM. Influence of Haem, Non-Haem, and Total Iron Intake on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: A Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2018. [PMID: 29518910 PMCID: PMC5872732 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that haem, non-haem iron and total iron intake may be related to non-communicable diseases, especially metabolic syndrome. This study was undertaken to investigate the association of haem, non-haem iron and total iron intake with metabolic syndrome and its components. A cross-sectional population-based survey was performed in 2008, enrolling 591 adults and elderly adults living in São Paulo, Brazil. Dietary intake was measured by two 24 h dietary recalls. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of at least three of the following: hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and central obesity. The association between different types of dietary iron and metabolic syndrome was evaluated using multiple logistic regression. After adjustment for potential confounders, a higher haem iron intake was positively associated with metabolic syndrome and with elevated triglyceride levels. A higher total iron intake was positively associated with hyperglycaemia. Non-haem iron intake was positively associated with hyperglycaemia in the fourth quintile. In conclusion, this study suggests that the different types of dietary iron are associated with metabolic syndrome, elevated triglyceride levels and hyperglycaemia. In addition, it emphasises the importance of investigating the roles of dietary iron in health outcomes, since its consumption may have different impacts on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva Aliete Dos Santos Vieira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Hermes Sales
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Chester Luiz Galvão Cesar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Dirce Maria Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Regina Mara Fisberg
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil.
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Zheng J, Chen M, Liu G, Xu E, Chen H. Ablation of hephaestin and ceruloplasmin results in iron accumulation in adipocytes and type 2 diabetes. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:394-401. [PMID: 29355933 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the iron efflux mechanism in adipocytes. Here, we used hephaestin (Heph) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) single-knockout (KO) mice and Heph/Cp double-KO mice to investigate the roles of multicopper ferroxidases (MCFs) in this process. We show that both HEPH and CP are expressed in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Ablation of either MCF leads to a compensatory increase in the other, which contributes to the balance of iron status. However, ablation of both MCFs together induces severe iron deposition in adipocytes which is associated with decreased adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression. Furthermore, Heph/Cp KO mice display disordered carbohydrate metabolism characterized as type 2 diabetes. Together, these results demonstrate the protective roles of HEPH and CP in preventing iron overload in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
| | - Min Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
| | - Guohao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
| | - En Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
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Gao W, Zhao J, Gao Z, Li H. Synergistic Interaction of Light Alcohol Administration in the Presence of Mild Iron Overload in a Mouse Model of Liver Injury: Involvement of Triosephosphate Isomerase Nitration and Inactivation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170350. [PMID: 28103293 PMCID: PMC5245837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that iron overload promotes alcoholic liver injury, but the doses of iron or alcohol used in studies are usually able to induce liver injury independently. Little attention has been paid to the coexistence of low alcohol consumption and mild iron overload when either of them is insufficient to cause obvious liver damage, although this situation is very common among some people. We studied the interactive effects and the underlining mechanism of mild doses of iron and alcohol on liver injury in a mouse model. Forty eight male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, iron (300 mg/kg iron dextran, i.p.), alcohol (2 g/kg/day ethanol for four weeks i.g.), and iron plus alcohol group. After 4 weeks of treatment, mice were sacrificed and blood and livers were collected for biochemical analysis. Protein nitration level in liver tissue was determined by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. Although neither iron overload nor alcohol consumption at our tested doses can cause severe liver injury, it was found that co-administration of the same doses of alcohol and iron resulted in liver injury and hepatic dysfunction, accompanied with elevated ratio of NADH/NAD+, reduced antioxidant ability, increased oxidative stress, and subsequent elevated protein nitration level. Further study revealed that triosephosphate isomerase, an important glycolytic enzyme, was one of the targets to be oxidized and nitrated, which was responsible for its inactivation. These data indicate that even under low alcohol intake, a certain amount of iron overload can cause significant liver oxidative damage, and the modification of triosephosphate isomerasemight be the important underlining mechanism of hepatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Basis medical college, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Background/Aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging problem in Asia, but little is known about the disease in the nonobese population. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD and the factors associated with it in a nonobese Korean population and to compare the clinical characteristics of nonobese and obese subjects with NAFLD. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from 2,058 subjects who participated in a medical checkup program. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was 12.4% (213/1,711) in the nonobese population. A higher body mass index (BMI), higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, triglyceride concentrations 150 mg/dL, and hyperuricemia were independently associated with the presence of NAFLD in the nonobese subjects. Compared with the obese subjects with NAFLD, the nonobese subjects with NAFLD were composed of a higher proportion of females and had lower BMIs, smaller waist circumferences, lower HOMA-IR values, and fewer metabolic irregularities. Conclusions Higher BMIs, HOMA-IR values, ALT levels, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperuricemia were associated with NAFLD in the nonobese subjects. Clinicians should be particularly aware of the possibility of NAFLD in nonobese Asian people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Chin Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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Shu XB, Zhang L, Huang J, Ji G. Relationship between iron overload and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: An update. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3398-3403. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i22.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a component of the multiple hits, iron overload plays an important role in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Iron overload could affect glucose, lipid, energy metabolism and inflammatory reaction. This paper reviews the relationship between iron overload and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, in order to clarify how and why iron overload influences the progression of NAFLD.
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Lombardi R, Pisano G, Fargion S. Role of Serum Uric Acid and Ferritin in the Development and Progression of NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:548. [PMID: 27077854 PMCID: PMC4849004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), tightly linked to the metabolic syndrome (MS), has emerged as a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Since it is potentially progressive towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis, up to cirrhosis and its associated complications, the need for predictive factors of NAFLD and of its advanced forms is mandatory. Despite the current "gold standard" for the assessment of liver damage in NAFLD being liver biopsy, in recent years, several non-invasive tools have been designed as alternatives to histology, of which fibroscan seems the most promising. Among the different serum markers considered, serum uric acid (SUA) and ferritin have emerged as possible predictors of severity of liver damage in NAFLD. In fact, as widely described in this review, they share common pathogenetic pathways and are both associated with hepatic steatosis and MS, thus suggesting a likely synergistic action. Nevertheless, the power of these serum markers seems to be too low if considered alone, suggesting that they should be included in a wider perspective together with other metabolic and biochemical parameters in order to predict liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lombardi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, IRCCS "Ca' Granda" IRCCS Foundation, Poiliclinico Hospital, University of Milan, Centro delle Malattie Metaboliche del Fegato, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Pisano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, IRCCS "Ca' Granda" IRCCS Foundation, Poiliclinico Hospital, University of Milan, Centro delle Malattie Metaboliche del Fegato, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, IRCCS "Ca' Granda" IRCCS Foundation, Poiliclinico Hospital, University of Milan, Centro delle Malattie Metaboliche del Fegato, Milan 20122, Italy.
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Iron Overload Coordinately Promotes Ferritin Expression and Fat Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2016; 203:241-53. [PMID: 27017620 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.186742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The trace element iron is crucial for living organisms, since it plays essential roles in numerous cellular functions. Systemic iron overload and the elevated level of ferritin, a ubiquitous intracellular protein that stores and releases iron to maintain the iron homeostasis in cells, has long been epidemiologically associated with obesity and obesity-related diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of this association remain unclear. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that iron overload induces the expression of sgk-1, encoding the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase, to promote the level of ferritin and fat accumulation. Mutation of cyp-23A1, encoding a homolog of human cytochrome P450 CYP7B1 that is related to neonatal hemochromatosis, further enhances the elevated expression of ftn-1, sgk-1, and fat accumulation. sgk-1 positively regulates the expression of acs-20 and vit-2, genes encoding homologs of the mammalian FATP1/4 fatty acid transport proteins and yolk lipoproteins, respectively, to facilitate lipid uptake and translocation for storage under iron overload. This study reveals a completely novel pathway in which sgk-1 plays a central role to synergistically regulate iron and lipid homeostasis, offering not only experimental evidence supporting a previously unverified link between iron and obesity, but also novel insights into the pathogenesis of iron and obesity-related human metabolic diseases.
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