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Makhammajanov Z, Gaipov A, Myngbay A, Bukasov R, Aljofan M, Kanbay M. Tubular toxicity of proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:589-599. [PMID: 37791392 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is a well-established biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a risk predictor of associated disease outcomes. Proteinuria is also a driver of CKD progression toward end-stage kidney disease. Toxic effects of filtered proteins on proximal tubular epithelial cells enhance tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The extent of protein toxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for tubular injury during proteinuria remain unclear. Nevertheless, albumin elicits its toxic effects when degraded and reabsorbed by proximal tubular epithelial cells. Overall, healthy kidneys excrete over 1000 individual proteins, which may be potentially harmful to proximal tubular epithelial cells when filtered and/or reabsorbed in excess. Proteinuria can cause kidney damage, inflammation and fibrosis by increasing reactive oxygen species, autophagy dysfunction, lysosomal membrane permeabilization, endoplasmic reticulum stress and complement activation. Here we summarize toxic proteins reported in proteinuria and the current understanding of molecular mechanisms of toxicity of proteins on proximal tubular epithelial cells leading to CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine, CF "University Medical Center", Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Askhat Myngbay
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Rostislav Bukasov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mohamad Aljofan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ren G, Xu G, Li R, Xie H, Cui Z, Wang L, Zhang C. Modulation of Bleomycin-induced Oxidative Stress and Pulmonary Fibrosis by Ginkgetin in Mice via AMPK. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:217-227. [PMID: 35249515 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220304094058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginkgetin, a flavonoid extracted from Ginkgo biloba, has been shown to exhibit broad anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidative bioactivity. Moreover, the extract of Ginkgo folium has been reported on attenuating bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, but the anti-fibrotic effects of ginkgetin are still unclear. This study was intended to investigate the protective effects of ginkgetin against experimental pulmonary fibrosis and its underlying mechanism. METHODS In vivo, bleomycin (5 mg/kg) in 50 μL saline was administrated intratracheally in mice. One week after bleomycin administration, ginkgetin (25 or 50 mg/kg) or nintedanib (40 mg/kg) was administrated intragastrically daily for 14 consecutive days. In vitro, the AMPK-siRNA transfection in primary lung fibroblasts further verified the regulatory effect of ginkgetin on AMPK. RESULTS Administration of bleomycin caused characteristic histopathology structural changes with elevated lipid peroxidation, pulmonary fibrosis indexes, and inflammatory mediators. The bleomycin- induced alteration was normalized by ginkgetin intervention. Moreover, this protective effect of ginkgetin (20 mg/kg) was equivalent to that of nintedanib (40 mg/kg). AMPK-siRNA transfection in primary lung fibroblasts markedly blocked TGF-β1-induced myofibroblasts transdifferentiation and abolished oxidative stress. CONCLUSION All these results suggested that ginkgetin exerted ameliorative effects on bleomycininduced oxidative stress and lung fibrosis mainly through an AMPK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Gonghao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Renshi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Xie
- Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd., Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Environmental Health, 23-3 Matsuoka Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji,Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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(-)-Epicatechin Alters Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Production Independent of Mitochondrial Respiration in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4413191. [PMID: 35069974 PMCID: PMC8767396 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4413191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Vascular endothelial dysfunction is characterised by lowered nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which may be explained by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered cell signalling. (-)-Epicatechin (EPI) has proven effective in the context of vascular endothelial dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms associated with EPI's effects remain unclear. Objective(s). Our aim was to investigate whether EPI impacts reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) production and mitochondrial function of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). We hypothesised that EPI would attenuate ROS production, increase NO bioavailability, and enhance indices of mitochondrial function. Methods HUVECs were treated with EPI (0-20 μM) for up to 48 h. Mitochondrial and cellular ROS were measured in the absence and presence of antimycin A (AA), an inhibitor of the mitochondrial electron transport protein complex III, favouring ROS production. Genes associated with mitochondrial remodelling and the antioxidant response were quantified by RT-qPCR. Mitochondrial bioenergetics were assessed by respirometry and signalling responses determined by western blotting. Results Mitochondrial superoxide production without AA was increased 32% and decreased 53% after 5 and 10 μM EPI treatment vs. CTRL (P < 0.001). With AA, only 10 μM EPI increased mitochondrial superoxide production vs. CTRL (25%, P < 0.001). NO bioavailability was increased by 45% with 10 μM EPI vs. CTRL (P = 0.010). However, EPI did not impact mitochondrial respiration. NRF2 mRNA expression was increased 1.5- and 1.6-fold with 5 and 10 μM EPI over 48 h vs. CTRL (P = 0.015 and P = 0.001, respectively). Finally, EPI transiently enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation (2.9 and 3.2-fold over 15 min and 1 h vs. 0 h, respectively; P = 0.035 and P = 0.011). Conclusion(s). EPI dose-dependently alters RONS production of HUVECs but does not impact mitochondrial respiration. The induction of NRF2 mRNA expression with EPI might relate to enhanced ERK1/2 signalling, rather than RONS production. In humans, EPI may improve vascular endothelial dysfunction via alteration of RONS and activation of cell signalling.
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Deng J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li W, Nie X. The Multiple Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5273-5290. [PMID: 34703268 PMCID: PMC8524061 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s334996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication in the late stages of diabetes. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of DN are not well understood. Even so, available evidence shows its development is associated with metabolism, oxidative stress, cytokine interaction, genetic factors, and renal microvascular disease. Diabetic nephropathy can lead to proteinuria, edema and hypertension, among other complications. In severe cases, it can cause life-threatening complications such as renal failure. Patients with type 1 diabetes, hypertension, high protein intake, and smokers have a higher risk of developing DN. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulates several human processes essential for normal development. Even though FGF has been implicated in the pathological development of DN, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This review summarizes the role of FGF in the development of DN. Moreover, the association of FGF with metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis in the context of DN is discussed. Findings of this review are expected to deepen our understanding of DN and generate ideas for developing effective prevention and treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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Alaeddine LM, Harb F, Hamza M, Dia B, Mogharbil N, Azar NS, Noureldein MH, El Khoury M, Sabra R, Eid AA. Pharmacological regulation of cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid attenuates cardiac injury in diabetic rats. Transl Res 2021; 235:85-101. [PMID: 33746109 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a well-established complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. DCM is diagnosed at advanced and irreversible stages. Therefore, it is of utmost need to identify novel mechanistic pathways involved at early stages to prevent or reverse the development of DCM. In vivo experiments were performed on type 1 diabetic rats (T1DM). Functional and structural studies of the heart were executed and correlated with mechanistic assessments exploring the role of cytochromes P450 metabolites, the 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (20-HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and their crosstalk with other homeostatic signaling molecules. Our data displays that hyperglycemia results in CYP4A upregulation and CYP2C11 downregulation in the left ventricles (LV) of T1DM rats, paralleled by a differential alteration in their metabolites 20-HETEs (increased) and EETs (decreased). These changes are concomitant with reductions in cardiac outputs, LV hypertrophy, fibrosis, and increased activation of cardiac fetal and hypertrophic genes. Besides, pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-ß overexpression and NADPH (Nox4) dependent-ROS overproduction are also correlated with the observed cardiac functional and structural modifications. Of interest, these observations are attenuated when T1DM rats are treated with 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) dodecanoic acid (AUDA), which blocks EETs metabolism, or N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenol)Formamidine (HET0016), which inhibits 20-HETEs formation. Taken together, our findings confer pioneering evidence about a potential interplay between CYP450-derived metabolites and Nox4/TGF-β axis leading to DCM. Pharmacologic interventions targeting the inhibition of 20-HETEs synthesis or the activation of EETs synthesis may offer novel therapeutic approaches to treat DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Alaeddine
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Maysaa Hamza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Batoul Dia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mogharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed H Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirella El Khoury
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramzi Sabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Li Y, Guo S, Yang F, Liu L, Chen Z. Huayu Tongluo Recipe Attenuates Renal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation through the Activation of AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Streptozotocin- (STZ-) Induced Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5873007. [PMID: 34367305 PMCID: PMC8337136 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5873007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe microvascular complication of diabetes, is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. Huayu Tongluo Recipe (HTR) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of DN in China, and its efficacy is reliable. This study aimed to explore the renoprotective effect of HTR and the underlying mechanism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high sugar and fat diet combined with an intraperitoneal injection of STZ to establish the diabetic model. Rats in each group were respectively given drinking water, HTR, and irbesartan by gavage for 16 weeks. 24-hour urine samples were collected every 4 weeks to detect the content of total protein and 8-OHdG. Blood samples were taken to detect biochemical indicators and inflammatory markers at the end of 16th week. Renal tissue was collected to investigate pathological changes and to detect oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway and fibrosis-related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and western blot. 24h urine total protein (24h UTP), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were decreased in the rats treated with HTR, while there was no noticeable change of blood glucose. HTR administration decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in kidneys, complying with reduced 8-OHdG in the urine. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP1 and the expression of nuclear NFκB were also lower after HTR treatment. Furthermore, HTR alleviated pathological renal injury and reduced the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Besides, HTR enhanced the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling and increased the expression of HO-1 while it inhibited the Nox4/TGF-β1 signaling in the kidneys of STZ-induced diabetic rats. HTR can inhibit renal oxidative stress and inflammation to reduce ECM accumulation and protect the kidney through activating the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Li
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Lifei Liu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
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Cudrania tricuspidata Root Extract Prevents Methylglyoxal-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via Regulation of the PKC-NOX4 Pathway in Human Kidney Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5511881. [PMID: 33859775 PMCID: PMC8026309 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5511881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication induced by diabetes, and methylglyoxal (MGO) is a reactive carbonyl species causing oxidative stress that contributes to the induction of inflammatory response in kidney cells. Cudrania tricuspidata (CT), cultivated in Northeast Asia, has been used as traditional medicine for treating various diseases, including neuritis, liver damage, and cancer. In this study, we determined whether a CT root extract (CTRE) can prevent MGO-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammation and assessed underlying mechanisms using a kidney epithelial cell line, HK-2. We observed that CTRE inhibited MGO-induced ROS production. Additionally, CTRE ameliorated the activation of MGO-induced inflammatory signaling pathways such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). Consistent with these results, expressions of p-nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) and inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, and IL-6, were decreased when compared with MGO-only exposed HK-2 cells. CTRE alleviated the MGO-induced decrease in nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant enzyme mRNA expressions. MGO induced the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4); CTRE pretreatment inhibited this induction. Further studies revealed that the NOX4 expression was inhibited owing to the suppression of MGO-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activation following CTRE treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that CTRE attenuates MGO-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via inhibition of PKC activation and NOX4 expression, as well as upregulating the Nrf2-antioxidant enzyme pathway in HK-2 cells.
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Liang Y, Liu H, Fang Y, Lin P, Lu Z, Zhang P, Jiao X, Teng J, Ding X, Dai Y. Salvianolate ameliorates oxidative stress and podocyte injury through modulation of NOX4 activity in db/db mice. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1012-1023. [PMID: 33332718 PMCID: PMC7812253 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is associated with albuminuria and the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney and NOX4 is up-regulated in podocytes in response to high glucose. In the present study, the effects of Salvianolate on DN and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in diabetic db/db mice and human podocytes. We confirmed that the Salvianolate administration exhibited similar beneficial effects as the NOX1/NOX4 inhibitor GKT137831 treated diabetic mice, as reflected by attenuated albuminuria, reduced podocyte loss and mesangial matrix accumulation. We further observed that Salvianolate attenuated the increase of Nox4 protein, NOX4-based NADPH oxidase activity and restored podocyte loss in the diabetic kidney. In human podocytes, NOX4 was predominantly localized to mitochondria and Sal B treatment blocked HG-induced mitochondrial NOX4 derived superoxide generation and thereby ameliorating podocyte apoptosis, which can be abrogated by AMPK knockdown. Therefore, our results suggest that Sal B possesses the reno-protective capabilities in part through AMPK-mediated control of NOX4 expression. Taken together, our results identify that Salvianolate could prevent glucose-induced oxidative podocyte injury through modulation of NOX4 activity in DN and have a novel therapeutic potential for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- Department of NephrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and DialysisShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood PurificationShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of NephrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and DialysisShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood PurificationShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of NephrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and DialysisShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood PurificationShanghaiChina
| | - Pan Lin
- Department of NephrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and DialysisShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood PurificationShanghaiChina
| | - Zhihui Lu
- Department of NephrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and DialysisShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood PurificationShanghaiChina
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of NephrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and DialysisShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood PurificationShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyan Jiao
- Department of NephrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and DialysisShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood PurificationShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Teng
- Department of NephrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and DialysisShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood PurificationShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of NephrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and DialysisShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood PurificationShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of NephrologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and DialysisShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood PurificationShanghaiChina
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Effectiveness of theobromine on inhibition of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon cancer by suppression of the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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10
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Critical Role for AMPK in Metabolic Disease-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217994. [PMID: 33121167 PMCID: PMC7663488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in 9.1% of the global population and is a significant public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. CKD is associated with highly prevalent physiological and metabolic disturbances such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and aging, which are also risk factors for CKD pathogenesis and progression. Podocytes and proximal tubular cells of the kidney strongly express AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK plays essential roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell survival, growth, and inflammation. Thus, metabolic disease-induced renal diseases like obesity-related and diabetic chronic kidney disease demonstrate dysregulated AMPK in the kidney. Activating AMPK ameliorates the pathological and phenotypical features of both diseases. As a metabolic sensor, AMPK regulates active tubular transport and helps renal cells to survive low energy states. AMPK also exerts a key role in mitochondrial homeostasis and is known to regulate autophagy in mammalian cells. While the nutrient-sensing role of AMPK is critical in determining the fate of renal cells, the role of AMPK in kidney autophagy and mitochondrial quality control leading to pathology in metabolic disease-related CKD is not very clear and needs further investigation. This review highlights the crucial role of AMPK in renal cell dysfunction associated with metabolic diseases and aims to expand therapeutic strategies by understanding the molecular and cellular processes underlying CKD.
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Álvarez Cilleros D, López-Oliva ME, Martín MÁ, Ramos S. (-)-Epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid protect against high glucose and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in renal proximal tubular cells through NOX-4/p38 signalling. Food Funct 2020; 11:8811-8824. [PMID: 32959859 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01805h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycaemia and inflammation are present in diabetes and both processes have been related to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Epicatechin (EC) and main colonic phenolic acids derived from flavonoid intake, such as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (HPPA), have been suggested to exert beneficial effects in diabetes. This study was aimed at investigating whether the mentioned compounds could prevent inflammation in renal proximal tubular NRK-52E cells induced by high glucose and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pre-treatment of cells with EC and DHBA (5 μM) reverted the enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), activated by high glucose and LPS. Additionally, EC and DHBA pre-incubation reduced the increased values of adhesion molecules, namely, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), as well as those of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) [extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), -c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and -p38 protein kinase (p38)] activated by the high glucose and LPS challenge. Thus, in EC and DHBA pre-treated cells ICAM-1, p-ERK and p-JNK were returned to control values, and VCAM-1 and p-p38 levels were reduced by ∼20 and 25%, respectively, when compared to high glucose plus LPS-stimulated cells. Likewise, pre-treatment with EC and DHBA protected against high glucose plus LPS-triggered oxidative stress by preventing increased ROS and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4) levels (∼25 and 45% reduction, respectively). By using specific inhibitors of p38 and NOX-4, the participation of both proteins in EC- and DHBA-mediated protection against inflammation and associated oxidative stress was shown. Taken together, EC and DHBA exert beneficial effects in renal proximal tubular cells, as they contribute to preventing the inflammatory-induced milieu and the accompanying redox imbalance, playing NOX-4/p38 a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Álvarez Cilleros
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martín
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain. and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Almannai M, El-Hattab AW, Ali M, Soler-Alfonso C, Scaglia F. Clinical trials in mitochondrial disorders, an update. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:1-13. [PMID: 33129691 PMCID: PMC7537630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders comprise a molecular and clinically diverse group of diseases that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction leading to multi-organ disease. With recent advances in molecular technologies, the understanding of the pathomechanisms of a growing list of mitochondrial disorders has been greatly expanded. However, the therapeutic approaches for mitochondrial disorders have lagged behind with treatment options limited mainly to symptom specific therapies and supportive measures. There is an increasing number of clinical trials in mitochondrial disorders aiming for more specific and effective therapies. This review will cover different treatment modalities currently used in mitochondrial disorders, focusing on recent and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Almannai
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman W El-Hattab
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - May Ali
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Soler-Alfonso
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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13
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Weng W, Ge T, Wang Y, He L, Liu T, Wang W, Zheng Z, Yu L, Zhang C, Lu X. Therapeutic Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 on Diabetic Nephropathy and the Possible Mechanism in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:566-580. [PMID: 32431116 PMCID: PMC7453991 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been only reported to prevent type 1 diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mouse model. However, the FVB (Cg)-Tg (Cryaa-Tag, Ins2-CALM1) 26OVE/PneJ (OVE26) transgenic mouse is a widely recommended mouse model to recapture the most important features of T1DM nephropathy that often occurs in diabetic patients. In addition, most previous studies focused on exploring the preventive effect of FGF21 on the development of DN. However, in clinic, development of therapeutic strategy has much more realistic value compared with preventive strategy since the onset time of DN is difficult to be accurately predicted. Therefore, in the present study OVE26 mice were used to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of FGF21 on DN. METHODS Four-month-old female OVE26 mice were intraperitoneally treated with recombinant FGF21 at a dose of 100 μg/kg/day for 3 months. The diabetic and non-diabetic control mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline at the same volume. Renal functions, pathological changes, inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and fibrosis were examined in mice of all groups. RESULTS The results showed that severe renal dysfunction, morphological changes, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis were observed in OVE26 mice. However, all the renal abnormalities above in OVE26 mice were significantly attenuated by 3-month FGF21 treatment associated with improvement of renal adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression. CONCLUSION Therefore, this study demonstrated that FGF21 might exert therapeutic effects on DN through AMPK-SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Weng
- Ruian Center of the Chinese-American Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingwen Ge
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Biological Engineering Department, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lulu He
- The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tinghao Liu
- The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanning Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zongyu Zheng
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lechu Yu
- Ruian Center of the Chinese-American Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Ruian Center of the Chinese-American Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xuemian Lu
- Ruian Center of the Chinese-American Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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14
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Shrikanth CB, Nandini CD. AMPK in microvascular complications of diabetes and the beneficial effects of AMPK activators from plants. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:152808. [PMID: 30935723 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disorder with the risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications. High glucose-induced derangements in metabolic pathways are primarily associated with the initiation and progression of secondary complications namely, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target to treat various metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus. It is a master metabolic regulator that helps in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis by promoting ATP-generating catabolic pathways and inhibiting ATP-consuming anabolic pathways. Numerous pharmacological and plant-derived bioactive compounds that increase AMP-activated protein kinase activation has shown beneficial effects by mitigating secondary complications namely retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to highlight current knowledge on the role of AMPK and its activators from plant origin in diabetic microvascular complications. METHODS Search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science are used to extract papers using relevant key words. Papers mainly focusing on the role of AMPK and AMPK activators from plant origin in diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy was chosen to be highlighted. RESULTS According to results, decrease in AMPK activation during diabetes play a causative role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. Some of the plant-derived bioactive compounds were beneficial in restoring AMPK activity and ameliorating diabetic microvascular complications. CONCLUSION AMPK activators from plant origin are beneficial in mitigating diabetic microvascular complications. These pieces of evidence will be helpful in the development of AMPK-centric therapies to mitigate diabetic microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Shrikanth
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India
| | - C D Nandini
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India.
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15
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Fanton S, Cardozo LFMF, Combet E, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Vieira IO, Narciso HR, Schmitz J, Mafra D. The sweet side of dark chocolate for chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:15-26. [PMID: 32718711 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chocolate is a widely appreciated foodstuff with historical appreciation as a food from the gods. In addition to its highly palatable taste, it is a rich source of (poly)phenolics, which have several proposed salutogenic effects, including neuroprotective anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cardioprotective capabilities. Despite the known benefits of this ancient foodstuff, there is a paucity of information on the effects of chocolate in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review focusses on the potential salutogenic contribution of chocolate intake, to mitigate inflammatory and oxidative burden in CKD, its potential, for cardiovascular protection and on the maintenance of diversity in gut microbiota, as well as clinical perspectives, on regular chocolate intake by CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susane Fanton
- Renal Vida Association, Blumenau, SC, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Emilie Combet
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Instituted, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
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16
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Gowd V, Kang Q, Wang Q, Wang Q, Chen F, Cheng KW. Resveratrol: Evidence for Its Nephroprotective Effect in Diabetic Nephropathy. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1555-1568. [PMID: 32577714 PMCID: PMC7666903 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Dietary habits play a major role in determining the onset and progression of DM-related disorders and a proper diet (rich in fruits and vegetables) can delay or prevent the process of DM pathogenesis. Thus, increasing attention has been paid to polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods since their increased intake has been associated with a reduced incidence of DM and its associated complications. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin that is mainly found in grapevines and berries. It is available in various pharmaceutical dosages and is widely recommended as a dietary supplement due to its beneficial effects. Remarkably, resveratrol's capability to effectively lower blood glucose levels without any side effects has been amply demonstrated in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Herein, we comprehensively review and discuss the nephroprotective effect of resveratrol during DN and its associated mechanisms. Resveratrol exerts its nephroprotective effects via various mechanisms including reducing oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) production, stimulating autophagy, inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation, ameliorating lipotoxicity, activating the AMP kinase (AMPK) pathway, and modulating angiogenesis. Moreover, the use of resveratrol as an adjuvant to conventional antidiabetic therapies could be an effective approach to manage DN in humans. However, evidence is scarce to support whether resveratrol has beneficial effects in humans during DN. Therefore, clinical studies are warranted to elucidate resveratrol's role against DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vemana Gowd
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China,Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qingzheng Kang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China,Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China,Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China,Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China,Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Borges CM, Fujihara CK, Malheiros DMAC, de Ávila VF, Formigari GP, Lopes de Faria JB. Metformin arrests the progression of established kidney disease in the subtotal nephrectomy model of chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1229-F1236. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00539.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has been shown in previous studies to reduce kidney fibrosis in different models of experimental chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, in all of these studies, the administration of metformin was initiated before the establishment of renal disease, which is a condition that does not typically occur in clinical settings. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the administration of metformin could arrest the progression of established renal disease in a well-recognized model of CKD, the subtotal kidney nephrectomy (Nx) model. Adult male Munich-Wistar rats underwent either Nx or sham operations. After the surgery (30 days), Nx rats that had systolic blood pressures of >170 mmHg and albuminuria levels of >40 mg/24 h were randomized to a no-treatment condition or to a treatment condition with metformin (300 mg·kg−1·day−1) for a period of either 60 or 120 days. After 60 days of treatment, we did not observe any differences in kidney disease parameters between Nx metformin-treated and untreated rats. However, after 120 days, Nx rats that had been treated with metformin displayed significant reductions in albuminuria levels and in markers of renal fibrosis. These effects were independent of any other effects on blood pressure or glycemia. In addition, treatment with metformin was also able to activate kidney AMPK and therefore improve mitochondrial biogenesis. It was concluded that metformin can arrest the progression of established kidney disease in the Nx model, likely via the activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M. Borges
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice Kazue Fujihara
- Faculty of Medicine, Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise M. A. C. Malheiros
- Faculty of Medicine, Renal Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Ferreira de Ávila
- Faculty of Medicine, Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pedrom Formigari
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José B. Lopes de Faria
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Álvarez-Cilleros D, López-Oliva ME, Martín MÁ, Ramos S. Cocoa ameliorates renal injury in Zucker diabetic fatty rats by preventing oxidative stress, apoptosis and inactivation of autophagy. Food Funct 2020; 10:7926-7939. [PMID: 31773121 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Redox balance, autophagy and apoptosis are main processes involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Epidemiological and animal studies suggest that cocoa might reduce the risk of diabetic complications. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these potential preventive activities and whether cocoa exerts beneficial effects on dysregulated signalling pathways involved in cellular antioxidant defence, autophagy and apoptosis in the diabetic kidney remain largely unknown. Therefore, this work investigated the effect of a cocoa-rich diet on the mentioned processes in the renal cortex of Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats were fed either a control or cocoa-rich diet (10%), and Zucker lean animals received the control diet (10-20 weeks-of-life). ZDF rats fed with cocoa decreased body weight and glucose and insulin levels, and improved renal function. Cocoa intake further prevented the enhanced renal cortical oxidative stress in diabetic rats by regulating the antioxidant defence system and close-related proteins to cytoprotection and cell response; thus, cocoa diminished oxidative markers (reactive oxygen species and carbonyl groups) and NADPH-oxidase-4 levels, and restored key enzymatic antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase), nuclear-erythroid-2-related factor-2, and ERK-MAPK levels, as well as sirtuin-1/5'-AMP-activated-protein kinase signalling. Moreover, in ZDF rats cocoa-rich diet contributed to alleviation of the renal cortical injury through autophagy activation (p62 upregulation, and downregulation of beclin-1 and LC3), and inhibition of apoptosis (Bcl-xL stimulation and suppression of Bax and caspases-9 and -3). These findings provide the first in vivo evidence on the molecular mechanisms of cocoa to circumvent renal cortical damage that involve improvement of antioxidant competences, stimulation of autophagy and suppression of apoptosis in ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Álvarez-Cilleros
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Dragoș D, Manea MM, Timofte D, Ionescu D. Mechanisms of Herbal Nephroprotection in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:5710513. [PMID: 32695828 PMCID: PMC7362309 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5710513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of kidney morbidity. Despite the multilayered complexity of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of DN, the conventional treatment is limited to just a few drug classes fraught with the risk of adverse events, including the progression of renal dysfunction. Phytoceuticals offer a promising alternative as they act on the many-sidedness of DN pathophysiology, multitargeting its intricacies. This paper offers a review of the mechanisms underlying the protective action of these phytoagents, including boosting the antioxidant capabilities, suppression of inflammation, averting the proliferative and sclerosing/fibrosing events. The pathogenesis of DN is viewed as a continuum going from the original offense, high glucose, through the noxious products it generates (advanced glycation end-products, products of oxidative and nitrosative stress) and the signaling chains consequently brought into action, to the harmful mediators of inflammation, sclerosis, and proliferation that eventually lead to DN, despite the countervailing attempts of the protective mechanisms. Special attention was given to the various pathways involved, pointing out the ability of the phytoagents to hinder the deleterious ones (especially those leading to, driven by, or associated with TGF-β activation, SREBP, Smad, MAPK, PKC, NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase), to promote the protective ones (PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, EP4/Gs/AC/cAMP, Nrf2, AMPK, and SIRT1), and to favorably modulate those with potentially dual effect (PI3K/Akt). Many phytomedicines have emerged as potentially useful out of in vitro and in vivo studies, but the scarcity of human trials seriously undermines their usage in the current clinical practice-an issue that stringently needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Dragoș
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, sect 1, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic of University Emergency Hospital, Splaiul Independentei nr. 169, sect. 5, Bucharest 050098, Romania
| | - Maria Mirabela Manea
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, sect 1, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- National Institute of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Şos. Berceni, Nr. 10-12, Sector 4, Bucharest 041914, Romania
| | - Delia Timofte
- Dialysis Department of University Emergency Hospital, Splaiul Independentei nr. 169, sect. 5, Bucharest 050098, Romania
| | - Dorin Ionescu
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, sect 1, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic of University Emergency Hospital, Splaiul Independentei nr. 169, sect. 5, Bucharest 050098, Romania
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Cai Y, Zhang H, Fan C, Zeng Y, Zou S, Wu C, Wang L, Fang S, Li P, Xue Y, Guan M. Renoprotective effects of brown adipose tissue activation in diabetic mice. J Diabetes 2019; 11:958-970. [PMID: 31020790 PMCID: PMC6899899 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been regarded as a potential target organ to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders. However, the effect of BAT activation on the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. METHODS Diabetic mice were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) combined with a high-fat diet. To activate BAT, mice were administered 1 mg/kg per day, i.p., CL316,243, a β3 -adrenergic receptor agonist, for 4 weeks. Blood glucose, serum lipids, adipokines, 24-hour urinary albumin, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and circulating microRNA (miRNA) levels were analyzed, in addition to renal pathology. Histological changes (fibrosis, inflammation) were evaluated in the kidneys, as was the expression of oxidative stress-related genes. Renal signaling pathways (fibroblast growth factor [Fgf]21/β-klotho/FGF receptor 1c and AMP-activated protein kinase[AMPK]/sirtuin 1 [Sirt1]/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α [Pgc1α]) were also evaluated. RESULTS Compared with untreated STZ-diabetic mice, CL316,243 treatment reduced blood glucose, albeit not significantly (20.58 ± 3.55 vs 23.60 ± 3.90 mM), and significantly decreased triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Simultaneously, BAT activation significantly decreased 24-hour urinary albumin (34.21 ± 6.28 vs 70.46 ± 15.81 μg/24 h; P < 0.05) and 8-OHdG, improved renal fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and ameliorated renal morphological abnormalities. In addition to enhancing BAT activity, CL316,243 significantly increased serum adiponectin concentrations and renal Fgf21 sensitivity, and reactivated the renal AMPK/Sirt1/Pgc1α signaling pathway. Furthermore, CL316,243 treatment increased levels of some circulating miRNAs and downregulated expression of their target genes in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS Activating BAT could improve kidney injury in diabetic mice via metabolic improvements and renal AMPK activation by beneficial adipokines and miRNAs.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Adipokines/blood
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Circulating MicroRNA/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetic Nephropathies/blood
- Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Lipids/blood
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
- Streptozocin
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Ying Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Birth Control, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Hong‐Bin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Cun‐Xia Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHainan General HospitalHaikouChina
| | - Yan‐Mei Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shao‐Zhou Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chun‐Yan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shu Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yao‐Ming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mei‐Ping Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Duni A, Liakopoulos V, Roumeliotis S, Peschos D, Dounousi E. Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Evolution of Chronic Kidney Disease: Untangling Ariadne's Thread. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153711. [PMID: 31362427 PMCID: PMC6695865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification of oxidative stress is present since the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), holding a key position in the pathogenesis of renal failure. Induction of renal pro-oxidant enzymes with excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and accumulation of dityrosine-containing protein products produced during oxidative stress (advanced oxidation protein products—AOPPs) have been directly linked to podocyte damage, proteinuria, and the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) as well as tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Vascular oxidative stress is considered to play a critical role in CKD progression, and ROS are potential mediators of the impaired myogenic responses of afferent renal arterioles in CKD and impaired renal autoregulation. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are CKD hallmarks. Oxidative stress promotes inflammation via formation of proinflammatory oxidized lipids or AOPPs, whereas activation of nuclear factor κB transcription factor in the pro-oxidant milieu promotes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and recruitment of proinflammatory cells. Accumulating evidence implicates oxidative stress in various clinical models of CKD, including diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease as well as the cardiorenal syndrome. The scope of this review is to tackle the issue of oxidative stress in CKD in a holistic manner so as to provide a future framework for potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Duni
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Álvarez-Cilleros D, López-Oliva E, Goya L, Martín MÁ, Ramos S. Cocoa intake attenuates renal injury in Zucker Diabetic fatty rats by improving glucose homeostasis. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cui Y, Shi Y, Bao Y, Wang S, Hua Q, Liu Y. Zingerone attenuates diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:422-430. [PMID: 29367111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects a large proportion of population wide across the world and kidney is a main target organ of diabetic complications. Zingerone is a stable active component derived from dry ginger rhizome. We investigated the effect of zingerone on diabetic nephropathy and explored the possible mechanisms. We showed that zingerone decreased the levels of serum insulin, C-peptide and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, urinary albumin content and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) were reduced by zingerone. Moreover, zingerone attenuated the pathological injuries of kidneys, reduced the surface area of Bowman's capsule, Bowman's space, glomerular tuft, and decreased the expression of collagen IV and fibronectin in kidneys in db/db mice. The high levels of triglyceride and cholesterol, and high expression of TNFɑ and IL-6 were decreased by zingerone. Furthermore, zingerone decreased the level of MDA and increased the content of glutathione (GSH). NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression was significantly increased in kidneys of db/db mice and in HK-2 cells after exposure to high glucose. Zingerone significantly decreased the expression of NOX4 in vivo and in vitro. Upregualtion of NOX4 significantly inhibited zingerone-induced protective effects against the cytotoxicity of high glucose. Downregulation of NOX4 was responsible for zingerone-exhibited pharmacological activities and reduction of diabetic nephropathy. Overall, zingerone is a promising therapeutic treatment to attenuate diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- The Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Yan Shi
- The Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Yan Bao
- The Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Shulong Wang
- The Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Qiuju Hua
- The Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China
| | - Yun Liu
- The Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, Henan, China.
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24
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Álvarez-Cilleros D, Martín MÁ, Goya L, Ramos S. (−)-Epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid protect renal proximal tubular cell against high glucose-induced oxidative stress by modulating NOX-4/SIRT-1 signalling. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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25
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Wang M, Li S, Wang F, Zou J, Zhang Y. Aerobic exercise regulates blood lipid and insulin resistance via the toll‑like receptor 4‑mediated extracellular signal‑regulated kinases/AMP‑activated protein kinases signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8339-8348. [PMID: 29658605 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disease with symptoms of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, chronic damage and dysfunction of tissues, and metabolic syndrome for insufficient insulin production. Evidence has indicated that exercise treatments are essential in the progression of type‑ІІ diabetes mellitus, and affect insulin resistance and activity of islet β‑cells. In the present study, the efficacy and signaling mechanism of aerobic exercise on blood lipids and insulin resistance were investigated in the progression of type‑ІІ diabetes mellitus. Body weight, glucose metabolism and insulin serum levels were investigated in mouse models of type‑ІІ diabetes mellitus following experienced aerobic exercise. Expression levels of inflammatory factors, interleukin (IL)‑6, high‑sensitivity C‑reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor‑α and leucocyte differentiation antigens, soluble CD40 ligand in the serum were analyzed in the experimental mice. In addition, expression levels of toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR‑4) were analyzed in the liver cells of experimental mice. Changes of oxidative stress indicators, including reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase were examined in the liver cells of experimental mice treated by aerobic exercise. Expression levels and activity of extracellular signal‑regulated kinases (ERK) and AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways were investigated in the liver cells of mouse models of type‑ІІ diabetes mellitus after undergoing aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise decreased the expression levels of inflammatory factors in the serum of mouse models of type‑ІІ diabetes mellitus. The results indicated that aerobic exercise downregulated oxidative stress indicators in liver cells from mouse models of type‑ІІ diabetes mellitus. In addition, the ERK and AMPK signaling pathways were inactivated by aerobic exercise in liver cells in mouse models of type‑ІІ diabetes mellitus. The activity of ERK and AMPK, and the function of islet β‑cells were observed to be improved in experimental mice treated with aerobic exercise. Furthermore, blood lipid metabolism and insulin resistance were improved by treatment with aerobic exercise. Body weight and glucose concentration of serology was markedly improved in mouse models of type‑ІІ diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, TLR‑4 inhibition markedly promoted ERK and AMPK expression levels and activity. Thus, these results indicate that aerobic exercise may improve blood lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and glucose plasma concentration in mouse models of type‑ІІ diabetes mellitus. Thus indicating aerobic exercise is beneficial for improvement of blood lipid and insulin resistance via the TLR‑4‑mediated ERK/AMPK signaling pathway in the progression of type‑ІІ diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- State General Administration of Sports, Sports Science Institute, Mass Sports Research Center, Beijing 100061, P.R. China
| | - Sen Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Sports Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210033, P.R. China
| | - Fubaihui Wang
- State General Administration of Sports, Sports Science Institute, Mass Sports Research Center, Beijing 100061, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Zou
- Guangxi Institute of Sports Science Mass Sports Research, Nanning, Guangxi 210014, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- State General Administration of Sports, Sports Science Institute, Mass Sports Research Center, Beijing 100061, P.R. China
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26
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Wanchai K, Yasom S, Tunapong W, Chunchai T, Thiennimitr P, Chaiyasut C, Pongchaidecha A, Chatsudthipong V, Chattipakorn S, Chattipakorn N, Lungkaphin A. Prebiotic prevents impaired kidney and renal Oat3 functions in obese rats. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:29-42. [PMID: 29483238 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is health issue worldwide, which can lead to kidney dysfunction. Prebiotics are non-digestible foods that have beneficial effects on health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) on renal function, renal organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) and the mechanisms involved. High-fat diet was provided for 12 weeks in male Wistar rats. After that, the rats were divided into normal diet (ND); normal diet treated with XOS (NDX); high-fat diet (HF) and high-fat diet treated with XOS (HFX). XOS was given daily at a dose of 1000 mg for 12 weeks. At week 24, HF rats showed a significant increase in obesity and insulin resistance associated with podocyte injury, increased microalbuminuria, decreased creatinine clearance and impaired Oat3 function. These alterations were improved by XOS supplementation. Renal MDA level and the expression of AT1R, NOX4, p67phox, 4-HNE, phosphorylated PKCα and ERK1/2 were significantly decreased after XOS treatment. In addition, Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, SOD2 and GCLC expression as well as renal apoptosis were also significantly reduced by XOS. These data suggest that XOS could indirectly restore renal function and Oat3 function via the reduction of oxidative stress and apoptosis through the modulating of AT1R-PKCα-NOXs activation in obese insulin-resistant rats. These attenuations were instigated by the improvement of obesity, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerati Wanchai
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- School of MedicineMae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Sakawdaurn Yasom
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wannipa Tunapong
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Parameth Thiennimitr
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic SciencesFaculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for HealthChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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27
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Moreno-Ulloa A, Miranda-Cervantes A, Licea-Navarro A, Mansour C, Beltrán-Partida E, Donis-Maturano L, Delgado De la Herrán HC, Villarreal F, Álvarez-Delgado C. (-)-Epicatechin stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and cell growth in C2C12 myotubes via the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 822:95-107. [PMID: 29355558 PMCID: PMC5809192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We have reported on the capacity of (-)-epicatechin ((-)-EPI) to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis (MiB) in mouse skeletal muscle (SkM). However, the mechanisms mediating the effects of (-)-EPI are not fully understood. We previously identified a role of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in modulating the vascular effects of (-)-EPI. We therefore tested the hypothesis that GPER mediates (at least in part) the stimulatory effects of (-)-EPI on MiB in SkM cells. As an in vitro model, we employed mouse SkM-derived C2C12 myoblasts differentiated into myotubes. Using confocal microscopy, we detected GPER at the cell surface and cytoplasm in C2C12 myotubes. Treatment with (-)-EPI (3 and 10μM) resulted in the stimulation of MiB as per increases in mitochondrial inner (MitoTracker Red FM fluorescence staining) and outer membrane (porin protein levels) markers, transcription factors involved in MiB stimulation (i.e., nuclear respiratory factor-2 [NRF-2] and mitochondrial transcription factor A [TFAM] protein levels) and citrate synthase (CS) activity levels. (-)-EPI-treated myotubes were longer and wider compared to vehicle-treated myotubes. The effects of (-)-EPI on myotube mitochondria and cell size were larger in magnitude to those observed with the GPER agonist G-1. The chemical blockade and down-regulation (siRNA) of GPER evidenced a partial and complete blockade of measured endpoints following (-)-EPI- or G-1-treatment, respectively. Altogether, results indicate that GPER is expressed in muscle cells and appears to mediate to a significant extent, the stimulatory effects of (-)-EPI on MiB. Thus, GPER activation may account for the stimulatory effects of (-)-EPI on SkM structure/function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Moreno-Ulloa
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, México
| | - Adriana Miranda-Cervantes
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, México
| | - Alexei Licea-Navarro
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, México
| | | | | | - Luis Donis-Maturano
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, México
| | - Hilda C Delgado De la Herrán
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, México
| | | | - Carolina Álvarez-Delgado
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, México.
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28
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Rani J, Mittal I, Pramanik A, Singh N, Dube N, Sharma S, Puniya BL, Raghunandanan MV, Mobeen A, Ramachandran S. T2DiACoD: A Gene Atlas of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated Complex Disorders. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6892. [PMID: 28761062 PMCID: PMC5537262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed integrative analysis of genes associated with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) associated complications by automated text mining with manual curation and also gene expression analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus. They were analysed for pathogenic or protective role, trends, interaction with risk factors, Gene Ontology enrichment and tissue wise differential expression. The database T2DiACoD houses 650 genes, and 34 microRNAs associated with T2DM complications. Seven genes AGER, TNFRSF11B, CRK, PON1, ADIPOQ, CRP and NOS3 are associated with all 5 complications. Several genes are studied in multiple years in all complications with high proportion in cardiovascular (75.8%) and atherosclerosis (51.3%). T2DM Patients' skeletal muscle tissues showed high fold change in differentially expressed genes. Among the differentially expressed genes, VEGFA is associated with several complications of T2DM. A few genes ACE2, ADCYAP1, HDAC4, NCF1, NFE2L2, OSM, SMAD1, TGFB1, BDNF, SYVN1, TXNIP, CD36, CYP2J2, NLRP3 with details of protective role are catalogued. Obesity is clearly a dominant risk factor interacting with the genes of T2DM complications followed by inflammation, diet and stress to variable extents. This information emerging from the integrative approach used in this work could benefit further therapeutic approaches. The T2DiACoD is available at www.http://t2diacod.igib.res.in/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rani
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Inna Mittal
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Atreyi Pramanik
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Namita Singh
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Namita Dube
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Smriti Sharma
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Bhanwar Lal Puniya
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Muthukurussi Varieth Raghunandanan
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ahmed Mobeen
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IGIB South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IGIB South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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29
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Browning effects of (-)-epicatechin on adipocytes and white adipose tissue. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 811:48-59. [PMID: 28576408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that (-)-epicatechin (Epi), a cacao flavanol, induces the browning of fat by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, enhancing indicators of mitochondrial structure and function, increasing fatty acid metabolism and upregulating the expression of brown adipose tissue-specific proteins in a high-fat diet mouse model of obesity and in cultured human adipocytes. Epi treatment significantly improved mitochondrial function, as measured by citrate synthase activity, and also reduced protein acetylation of total and specific regulators in both adipose tissue and human adipocytes. Browning of fat via Epi was evidenced by the increased expression of key thermogenic genes, phosphorylation of upstream regulators of fatty acid oxidation, and reduced triglyceride levels. Properly designed clinical trials are needed to explore the potential of Epi as an agent that promotes the browning of fat.
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30
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Sustained kidney biochemical derangement in treated experimental diabetes: a clue to metabolic memory. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40544. [PMID: 28079150 PMCID: PMC5228190 DOI: 10.1038/srep40544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of biochemical alterations that last for a long period of time in diabetic individuals even after adequate handling of glycemia is an intriguing phenomenon named metabolic memory. In this study, we show that a kidney pathway is gradually altered during the course of diabetes and remains persistently changed after late glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This pathway comprises an early decline of uric acid clearance and pAMPK expression followed by fumarate accumulation, increased TGF-β expression, reduced PGC-1α expression, and downregulation of methylation and hydroxymethylation of mitochondrial DNA. The sustained decrease of uric acid clearance in treated diabetes may support the prolonged kidney biochemical alterations observed after tight glycemic control, and this regulation is likely mediated by the sustained decrease of AMPK activity and the induction of inflammation. This manuscript proposes the first consideration of the possible role of hyperuricemia and the underlying biochemical changes as part of metabolic memory in diabetic nephropathy development after glycemic control.
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Wanchai K, Pongchaidecha A, Chatsudthipong V, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N, Lungkaphin A. Role of Gastrointestinal Microbiota on Kidney Injury and the Obese Condition. Am J Med Sci 2017; 353:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Jha JC, Banal C, Chow BSM, Cooper ME, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Diabetes and Kidney Disease: Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:657-684. [PMID: 26906673 PMCID: PMC5069735 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intrarenal oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Enhanced oxidative stress results from overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the context of concomitant, insufficient antioxidant pathways. Renal ROS production in diabetes is predominantly mediated by various NADPH oxidases (NOXs), but a defective antioxidant system as well as mitochondrial dysfunction may also contribute. Recent Advances: Effective agents targeting the source of ROS generation hold the promise to rescue the kidney from oxidative damage and prevent subsequent progression of DKD. Critical Issues and Future Directions: In the present review, we summarize and critically analyze molecular and cellular mechanisms that have been demonstrated to be involved in NOX-induced renal injury in diabetes, with particular focus on the role of increased glomerular injury, the development of albuminuria, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, novel agents targeting NOX isoforms are discussed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 657-684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Jha
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claudine Banal
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bryna S M Chow
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- 1 Diabetic Complications Division, JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetic Complications, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
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33
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Asiedu-Gyekye IJ, Seidu MA, N'guessan BB, Frimpong-Manso S, Sarkodie JE, Adjei S, Kutu S, Osei-Little J, Nyarko AK, Debrah P. A dietary strategy for the management of artemether-lumefantrine-induced cardiovascular and renal toxicity. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:348. [PMID: 27599802 PMCID: PMC5012013 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unsweetened natural cocoa has antimalarial properties. Unsweetened natural cocoa powder (UNCP), obtained as a result of the removal of cocoa butter from a cocoa bean protects against malaria episodes. Cocoa powder, which is prepared after removal of the cocoa butter, contains about 1.9 % theobromine and 0.21 % caffeine. Concomitant consumption of cocoa and artemether/lumefantrine (A/L) is a common practice in Ghana, West Africa. This study seeks to determine the elemental composition of UNCP and its protective effect on the heart and kidney against (A/L) administration. METHODS Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to detect the quality and quantity of the elemental composition in UNCP. Thereafter, 30 nonmalarious male guinea pigs were divided into five groups of six animals each. One group was administered with 75 mg/kg body weight A/L only and another group distilled water (control group). The rest received 300 mg/kg, 900 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg body weight UNCP for 14 days orally and A/L for the last 3 days (ie day 11 to day 14). Biochemical and histopathological examinations were carried out after euthanisation of the animals. RESULTS A total of thirty-eight (38) micro and macro elements were detected with the ED-XRF. Macro elements like sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) and micro elements like chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) were identified and evaluated. Biochemical analysis revealed increases in HDL levels (p>0.05) while there were decreases in LDL levels (p>0.05), creatine kinase and AST levels (P<0.05) in animals that received UNCP compared to A/L only administered group. Urea levels reduced significantly by 53 % (p<0.05) in group that received 1500 mg/kg UNCP. Histopathological examinations of the heart and kidney buttressed the protective effects of cocoa administration. CONCLUSION The percentage of recommended daily allowance of UNCP for chromium is 3750 % for men and 5250 % for women while % RDA for copper corresponds to 103.6 % in both sexes. UNCP proved to possess cardioprotective and renoprotective potential during artemether-lumefantrine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Julius Asiedu-Gyekye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P. O. Box LG 43, Legon, Ghana.
| | - Mahmood Abdulai Seidu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana
| | - Banga Benoit N'guessan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P. O. Box LG 43, Legon, Ghana
| | - Samuel Frimpong-Manso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, Legon, Ghana
| | - Joseph Edusei Sarkodie
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Adjei
- Department of animal experimentation unit, College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Schevadnazy Kutu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P. O. Box LG 43, Legon, Ghana
| | - Joseph Osei-Little
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P. O. Box LG 43, Legon, Ghana
| | - Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P. O. Box LG 43, Legon, Ghana
| | - Philip Debrah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, Legon, Ghana
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Role of NADPH Oxidase in Metabolic Disease-Related Renal Injury: An Update. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7813072. [PMID: 27597884 PMCID: PMC5002489 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7813072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has been linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease. The underlying pathogenesis of metabolic disease-related renal injury remains obscure. Accumulating evidence has shown that NADPH oxidase is a major source of intrarenal oxidative stress and is upregulated by metabolic factors leading to overproduction of ROS in podocytes, endothelial cells, and mesangial cells in glomeruli, which is closely associated with the initiation and progression of glomerular diseases. This review focuses on the role of NADPH oxidase-induced oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease-related renal injury. Understanding of the mechanism may help find potential therapeutic strategies.
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He T, Xiong J, Nie L, Yu Y, Guan X, Xu X, Xiao T, Yang K, Liu L, Zhang D, Huang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Sharma K, Zhao J. Resveratrol inhibits renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by regulating AMPK/NOX4/ROS pathway. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1359-1371. [PMID: 27488452 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is a major pathologic feature of diabetic nephropathy, while the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions of diabetic renal interstitial fibrosis are not well established. In this study, we first demonstrated that high glucose could induce renal fibroblast (NRK-49F) cell proliferation and activation to myofibroblasts, accompanied by a significant increase in the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4). ROS-mediated ERK1/2 activation was found to play a crucial role in high glucose-induced fibroblast proliferation and activation. Resveratrol, like the NOX4-targeting small interfering RNA (siRNA), markedly inhibited high glucose-induced fibroblast proliferation and activation by reducing NOX4-derived ROS production. It was then revealed that the increase in the expression of NOX4 induced by high glucose was due to the inactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which could be reversed by resveratrol. Further in vivo investigation demonstrated that resveratrol treatment significantly attenuated renal fibrosis in db/db mice, accompanied by an evident increase in phospho-AMPK and decrease in NOX4. In summary, our results suggest that high glucose can directly promote renal fibroblasts proliferation and activation in a ROS-dependent manner, and resveratrol is a potential therapeutic agent against diabetic renal fibrosis via regulation of AMPK/NOX4/ROS signaling. KEY MESSAGE Resveratrol inhibits high glucose-induced NRK cell activation by decreasing NOX4-derived ROS. Resveratrol inhibits high glucose-induced NOX4 expression in NRK cells via activation of AMPK. ROS-activated ERK1/2 signaling is involved in high glucose-induced NRK cell activation. Resveratrol attenuated renal fibrosis in db/db mice via regulation of AMPK/NOX4/ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinli Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangli Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Daohai Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Veterans Administration San Diego HealthCare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
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Mechanisms by which cocoa flavanols improve metabolic syndrome and related disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 35:1-21. [PMID: 27560446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective complementary strategy for alleviation or prevention of metabolic syndrome, particularly glucose intolerance. The complex flavanol composition of cocoa provides the ability to interact with a variety of molecules, thus allowing numerous opportunities to ameliorate metabolic diseases. These interactions likely occur primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, where native cocoa flavanol concentration is high. Flavanols may antagonize digestive enzymes and glucose transporters, causing a reduction in glucose excursion, which helps patients with metabolic disorders maintain glucose homeostasis. Unabsorbed flavanols, and ones that undergo enterohepatic recycling, will proceed to the colon where they can exert prebiotic effects on the gut microbiota. Interactions with the gut microbiota may improve gut barrier function, resulting in attenuated endotoxin absorption. Cocoa may also positively influence insulin signaling, possibly by relieving insulin-signaling pathways from oxidative stress and inflammation and/or via a heightened incretin response. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms that underlie these outcomes, critically review the current body of literature related to those mechanisms, explore the implications of these mechanisms for therapeutic utility, and identify emerging or needed areas of research that could advance our understanding of the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of cocoa flavanols.
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Grahame Hardie D. Regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by natural and synthetic activators. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:1-19. [PMID: 26904394 PMCID: PMC4724661 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status that is almost universally expressed in eukaryotic cells. While it appears to have evolved in single-celled eukaryotes to regulate energy balance in a cell-autonomous manner, during the evolution of multicellular animals its role has become adapted so that it also regulates energy balance at the whole body level, by responding to hormones that act primarily on the hypothalamus. AMPK monitors energy balance at the cellular level by sensing the ratios of AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP, and recent structural analyses of the AMPK heterotrimer that have provided insight into the complex mechanisms for these effects will be discussed. Given the central importance of energy balance in diseases that are major causes of morbidity or death in humans, such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and inflammatory disorders, there has been a major drive to develop pharmacological activators of AMPK. Many such activators have been described, and the various mechanisms by which these activate AMPK will be discussed. A particularly large class of AMPK activators are natural products of plants derived from traditional herbal medicines. While the mechanism by which most of these activate AMPK has not yet been addressed, I will argue that many of them may be defensive compounds produced by plants to deter infection by pathogens or grazing by insects or herbivores, and that many of them will turn out to be inhibitors of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signaling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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38
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Kang MK, Park SH, Choi YJ, Shin D, Kang YH. Chrysin inhibits diabetic renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis through blocking epithelial to mesenchymal transition. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:759-72. [PMID: 26062793 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Renal fibrosis is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The process known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the accumulation of matrix proteins in kidneys, in which renal tubular epithelial cells play an important role in progressive renal fibrosis. The current study investigated that chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) present in bee propolis and herbs, inhibited renal tubular EMT and tubulointerstitial fibrosis due to chronic hyperglycemia. Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC) were incubated in media containing 5.5 mM glucose, 27.5 mM mannitol (as an osmotic control), or 33 mM glucose (HG) in the absence and presence of 1-20 μM chrysin for 72 h. Chrysin significantly inhibited high glucose-induced renal EMT through blocking expression of the mesenchymal markers vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, and fibroblast-specific protein-1 in RPTEC and db/db mice. Chrysin reversed the HG-induced down-regulation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and the HG-enhanced N-cadherin induction in RPTEC. In addition, chrysin inhibited the production of collagen IV in tubular cells and the deposition of collagen fibers in mouse kidneys. Furthermore, chrysin blocked tubular cell migration concurrent with decreasing matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, indicating epithelial cell derangement and tubular basement membrane disruption. Chrysin restored the induction of the tight junction proteins Zona occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) and occludin downregulated in diabetic mice. Chrysin inhibited renal tubular EMT-mediated tubulointerstitial fibrosis caused by chronic hyperglycemia. Therefore, chrysin may be a potent renoprotective agent for the treatment of renal fibrosis-associated DN. KEY MESSAGES • Glucose increases renal tubular epithelial induction of vimentin, α-SMA and FSP-1. • Glucose enhances renal EMT by blocking tubular epithelial E-cadherin expression. • Chrysin inhibits tubular EMT-mediated tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mouse kidneys. • Chrysin restores renal tubular induction of ZO-1 and occludin downregulated in diabetic mice. • Chrysin blocks glucose-induced renal tubular cell migration with reducing MMP-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 200-702, Republic of Korea
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Thakur S, Viswanadhapalli S, Kopp JB, Shi Q, Barnes JL, Block K, Gorin Y, Abboud HE. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase prevents TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and myofibroblast activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2168-80. [PMID: 26071397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β contributes to tubulointerstitial fibrosis. We investigated the mechanism by which TGF-β exerts its profibrotic effects and specifically the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in kidney tubular epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts. In proximal tubular epithelial cells, TGF-β1 treatment causes a decrease in AMPK phosphorylation and activation together with increased fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin expression and decreased in E-cadherin. TGF-β1 causes similar changes in interstitial fibroblasts. Activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-d-ribofuranoside, metformin, or overexpression of constitutively active AMPK markedly attenuated TGF-β1 functions. Conversely, inhibition of AMPK with adenine 9-β-d-arabinofuranoside or siRNA-mediated knockdown of AMPK (official name PRKAA1) mimicked the effect of TGF-β1 and enhanced basal and TGF-β1-induced phenotypic changes. Importantly, we found that tuberin contributed to the protective effects of AMPK and that TGF-β1 promoted cell injury by blocking AMPK-mediated tuberin phosphorylation and activation. In the kidney cortex of TGF-β transgenic mice, the significant decrease in AMPK phosphorylation and tuberin phosphorylation on its AMPK-dependent activating site was associated with an increase in mesenchymal markers and a decrease in E-cadherin. Collectively, the data indicate that TGF-β exerts its profibrotic action in vitro and in vivo via inactivation of AMPK. AMPK and tuberin activation prevent tubulointerstitial injury induced by TGF-β. Activators of AMPK provide potential therapeutic strategy to prevent kidney fibrosis and progressive kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Thakur
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jeffrey L Barnes
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Karen Block
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Audie L. Murphy Memorial Hospital Division, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yves Gorin
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hanna E Abboud
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Audie L. Murphy Memorial Hospital Division, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas
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40
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Gorin Y, Wauquier F. Upstream regulators and downstream effectors of NADPH oxidases as novel therapeutic targets for diabetic kidney disease. Mol Cells 2015; 38:285-96. [PMID: 25824546 PMCID: PMC4400302 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, the complication of diabetes in the kidney. NADPH oxidases of the Nox family, and in particular the homologue Nox4, are a major source of reactive oxygen species in the diabetic kidney and are critical mediators of redox signaling in glomerular and tubulointerstitial cells exposed to the diabetic milieu. Here, we present an overview of the current knowledge related to the understanding of the role of Nox enzymes in the processes that control mesangial cell, podocyte and tubulointerstitial cell injury induced by hyperglycemia and other predominant factors enhanced in the diabetic milieu, including the renin-angiotensin system and transforming growth factor-β. The nature of the upstream modulators of Nox enzymes as well as the downstream targets of the Nox NADPH oxidases implicated in the propagation of the redox processes that alter renal biology in diabetes will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Gorin
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas,
USA
| | - Fabien Wauquier
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas,
USA
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Gorin Y, Cavaglieri RC, Khazim K, Lee DY, Bruno F, Thakur S, Fanti P, Szyndralewiez C, Barnes JL, Block K, Abboud HE. Targeting NADPH oxidase with a novel dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor attenuates renal pathology in type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F1276-87. [PMID: 25656366 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00396.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by Nox NADPH oxidases may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The efficacy of the Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor GKT137831 on the manifestations of DN was studied in OVE26 mice, a model of type 1 diabetes. Starting at 4-5 mo of age, OVE26 mice were treated with GKT137831 at 10 or 40 mg/kg, once-a-day for 4 wk. At both doses, GKT137831 inhibited NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide generation, and hydrogen peroxide production in the renal cortex from diabetic mice without affecting Nox1 or Nox4 protein expression. The increased expression of fibronectin and type IV collagen was reduced in the renal cortex, including glomeruli, of diabetic mice treated with GKT137831. GKT137831 significantly reduced glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial matrix expansion, urinary albumin excretion, and podocyte loss in OVE26 mice. GKT137831 also attenuated macrophage infiltration in glomeruli and tubulointerstitium. Collectively, our data indicate that pharmacological inhibition of Nox1/4 affords broad renoprotection in mice with preexisting diabetes and established kidney disease. This study validates the relevance of targeting Nox4 and identifies GKT137831 as a promising compound for the treatment of DN in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Gorin
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas;
| | - Rita C Cavaglieri
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Khaled Khazim
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Doug-Yoon Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Francesca Bruno
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sachin Thakur
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Paolo Fanti
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Audie Leon Murphy Memorial Hospital Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | | | - Jeffrey L Barnes
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Audie Leon Murphy Memorial Hospital Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Karen Block
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hanna E Abboud
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Audie Leon Murphy Memorial Hospital Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; and
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Papadimitriou A, Silva KC, Peixoto EBMI, Borges CM, Lopes de Faria JM, Lopes de Faria JB. Theobromine increases NAD⁺/Sirt-1 activity and protects the kidney under diabetic conditions. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F209-25. [PMID: 25411384 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00252.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction in sirtuin 1 (Sirt-1) is associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the diabetic kidney. Theobromine may reduce kidney ECM accumulation in diabetic rats. In the current study, we aimed to unravel, under diabetic conditions, the mechanism of kidney ECM accumulation induced by a reduction in Sirt-1 and the effect of theobromine in these events. In vitro, we used immortalized human mesangial cells (iHMCs) exposed to high glucose (HG; 30 mM), with or without small interfering RNA for NOX4 and Sirt-1. In vivo, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were rendered diabetic by means of streptozotocin and studied after 12 wk. The effects of treatment with theobromine were investigated under both conditions. HG leads to a decrease in Sirt-1 activity and NAD(+) levels in iHMCs. Sirt-1 activity could be reestablished by treatment with NAD(+), silencing NOX4, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) blockade, or with theobromine. HG also leads to a low AMP/ATP ratio, acetylation of SMAD3, and increased collagen IV, which is prevented by theobromine. Sirt-1 or AMPK blockade abolished these effects of theobromine. In diabetic SHR, theobromine prevented increases in albuminuria and kidney collagen IV, reduced AMPK, elevated NADPH oxidase activity and PARP-1, and reduced NAD(+) levels and Sirt-1 activity. These results suggest that in diabetes mellitus, Sirt-1 activity is reduced by PARP-1 activation and NAD(+) depletion due to low AMPK, which increases NOX4 expression, leading to ECM accumulation mediated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling. It is suggested that Sirt-1 activation by theobromine may have therapeutic potential for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Papadimitriou
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila C Silva
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa B M I Peixoto
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cynthia M Borges
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline M Lopes de Faria
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José B Lopes de Faria
- Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Investigation on Diabetes Complications, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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