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Barakat R, Lin PCP, Bunnell M, Oh JE, Rattan S, Arnieri C, Flaws JA, Ko CJ. Prenatal exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and high-fat diet synergistically disrupts gonadal function in male mice†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:1025-1037. [PMID: 38381622 PMCID: PMC11094389 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) impairs the reproductive system and causes fertility defects in male offspring. Additionally, high-fat (HF) diet is a risk factor for reproductive disorders in males. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to a physiologically relevant dose of DEHP in conjunction with HF diet synergistically impacts reproductive function and fertility in male offspring. Female mice were fed a control or HF diet 7 days prior to mating and until their litters were weaned on postnatal day 21. Pregnant dams were exposed to DEHP or vehicle from gestational day 10.5 until birth. The male offspring's gross phenotype, sperm quality, serum hormonal levels, testicular histopathology, and testicular gene expression pattern were analyzed. Male mice born to dams exposed to DEHP + HF had smaller testes, epididymides, and shorter anogenital distance compared with those exposed to HF or DEHP alone. DEHP + HF mice had lower sperm concentration and motility compared with DEHP mice. Moreover, DEHP + HF mice had more apoptotic germ cells, fewer Leydig cells, and lower serum testosterone levels than DEHP mice. Furthermore, testicular mRNA expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a was two to eight-fold higher than in DEHP mice by qPCR, suggesting that maternal HF diet and prenatal DEHP exposure additively impact gonadal function by altering the degree of DNA methylation in the testis. These results suggest that the combined exposure to DEHP and high-fat synergistically impairs reproductive function in male offspring, greater than exposure to DEHP or HF diet alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Barakat
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Po-Ching Patrick Lin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mary Bunnell
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Oh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Saniya Rattan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Cyrus Arnieri
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - CheMyong J Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Zhang X, Xu C, Li Y, Chen Z, Xu F, Zhang H, Ding L, Lin Y, Zhao N. Association between phthalate metabolite mixture in neonatal cord serum and birth outcomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170614. [PMID: 38316308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to phthalates (PAEs) is ubiquitous among Chinese neonates. PAEs entering the body will be transformed to various hydrolyzed and oxidated PAE metabolites (mPAEs). PAEs and mPAEs exposure may lead to adverse birth outcomes through disruption of multiple hormone signaling pathways, induction of oxidative stress, and alterations in intracellular signaling processes. In this study, the concentrations of 11 mPAEs in 318 umbilical cord serum samples from neonates in Jinan were quantified with HPLC-ESI-MS. Multiple linear regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression, and quantile g-computation models were utilized to investigate the effects of both individual mPAE and mPAE mixture on birth outcomes. Stratified analysis was performed to explore whether these effects were gender-specific. mPAE mixture was negatively associated with birth length (BL) z-score, birth weight (BW) z-score, head circumference (HC) z-score, and ponderal index (PI). Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) manifested negative associations with BL(z-score), BW(z-score), HC(z-score), and PI, whereas mono(2-carboxymethylhexyl) phthalate (MCMHP) was negatively associated with BW(z-score) and PI within the mPAE mixture. Stratified analysis revealed that the negative associations between mPAE mixture and four birth outcomes were attenuated in female infants, while the positive impact of mono(2-ethyl-5carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) on BL(z-score) and BW(z-score) could be detected only in females. In summary, our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to phthalates may be associated with intrauterine growth restriction, and these effects vary according to the gender of the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Caihong Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Jinan Digital Application Center of Ecology and Environment (Jinan Grid Supervision Center of Ecological and Environmental Protection), Jinan 250102, China
| | - Zhongkai Chen
- Jinan Digital Application Center of Ecology and Environment (Jinan Grid Supervision Center of Ecological and Environmental Protection), Jinan 250102, China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongfeng Lin
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China.
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Zhao L, Zheng J, Qin J, Xu X, Liu X, Yang S, Li S, Chen B, Du J, Dong R. Combined Astragalus, vitamin C, and vitamin E alleviate DEHP-induced oxidative stress and the decreased of insulin synthesis and secretion in INS-1 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115675. [PMID: 37984288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), a common Phthalic acid ester (PAEs), has been reported to be associated with diabetes mellitus, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Combined nutrient interventions have been shown to alleviate the diabetic toxicity of DEHP. However, the effects and mechanisms of the combined intervention of Astragalus and vitamins (C and E) are currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of DEHP-induced diabetes mellitus through transcriptome analysis and vitro experiments using rat insulinoma cells (INS-1 cells). Furthermore, we explored the protection of the combined Astragalus, vitamin C, and vitamin E on DEHP-induced diabetes mellitus through these mechanisms. INS-1 cells in the logarithmic growth period were exposed to 125 umol/L DEHP followed by high-throughput sequencing analysis. The cell proliferation inhibition rate was determined using MTT assay for each group, and the cell apoptosis rate and intracellular ROS level were measured using flow cytometer. Finally, insulin levels and markers of oxidative stress were detected using ELISA kits in different groups. A total of 372 differentially expressed genes were found between the 125 umol/L DEHP and control groups, subsequent functional enrichment analyses indicated that DEHP induced oxidative stress and disturbed insulin levels. In INS-1 cells, the rate of cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and the degree of oxidative stress increased concentration-dependently with increasing DEHP concentrations, while antioxidant intervention could reverse these changes. Insulin synthesis and secretion decreased after 240 μmol/L DEHP exposure stimulated by 25 mM glucose in INS-1 cells, also could antioxidant intervention alleviate these reductions. Based on these results, the underlying mechanism of DEHP impairing the function of INS-1 cells might be through apoptosis pathways induced by oxidative stress and direct reduction of insulin levels (both synthesis and secretion), while the optimal combination of Astragalus and vitamins (C and E) could exert an alleviating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Jin Qin
- Affiliated cancer hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, ZhengZhou 450003, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Shuguang Li
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai 200023, China.
| | - Ruihua Dong
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Robles-Matos N, Radaelli E, Simmons RA, Bartolomei MS. Preconception and developmental DEHP exposure alter liver metabolism in a sex-dependent manner in adult mouse offspring. Toxicology 2023; 499:153640. [PMID: 37806616 PMCID: PMC10842112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical periods of development is associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, including hepatic steatosis and obesity. Di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) is an EDC strongly associated with these metabolic abnormalities. DEHP developmental windows of susceptibility are unknown yet have important public health implications. The purpose of this study was to identify these windows of susceptibility and determine whether developmental DEHP exposure alters hepatic metabolism later in life. Dams were exposed to control or feed containing human exposure relevant doses of DEHP (50 μg/kg BW/d) and high dose DEHP (10 mg/kg BW/d) from preconception until weaning or only exposed to DEHP during preconception. Post-weaning, all offspring were fed a control diet throughout adulthood. Using the Metabolon Untargeted Metabolomics platform, we identified 148 significant metabolites in female adult livers that were altered by preconception-gestation-lactation DEHP exposure. We found a significant increase in the levels of acylcarnitines, diacylglycerols, sphingolipids, glutathione, purines, and pyrimidines in DEHP-exposed female livers compared to controls. These changes in fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress-related metabolites were correlated with hepatic changes including microvesicular steatosis, hepatocyte swelling, inflammation. In contrast to females, we observed fewer metabolic alterations in male offspring, which were uniquely found in preconception-only low dose DEHP exposure group. Although we found that preconception-gestational-lactation exposure causes the most liver pathology, we surprisingly found preconception exposure linked to an abnormal liver metabolome. We also found that two doses exhibited non-monotonic DEHP-induced changes in the liver. Collectively, these findings suggest that metabolic changes in the adult liver of offspring exposed periconceptionally to DHEP depends on the timing of exposure, dose, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Robles-Matos
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Stevens DR, Starling AP, Bommarito PA, Keil AP, Nakiwala D, Calafat AM, Adgate JL, Dabelea D, Ferguson KK. Midpregnancy Phthalate and Phenol Biomarkers in Relation to Infant Body Composition: The Healthy Start Prospective Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:87017. [PMID: 37616158 PMCID: PMC10449008 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational phthalate and phenol exposure disrupts adipogenesis, contributing to obesity in mice. Whether gestational phthalate or phenol exposure is associated with infant body composition has not been investigated in humans. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between biomarkers of phthalate and phenol exposure in midpregnancy and infant size and body composition at birth and at 5 months of age. METHODS Analyses were conducted among 438 infants from the Healthy Start prospective pregnancy cohort. Sixteen phthalate and phenol biomarkers were quantified in spot urine samples collected at 24-28 wk of gestation. Infant outcomes measured at birth and at 5 months of age included size [weight (in grams)] and body composition [fat and lean masses (in grams); percentage fat mass]. Single- (linear) and multipollutant (quantile g-computation) models were used to estimate associations of phthalate and phenol biomarkers with infant outcomes at birth and at 5 months of age. Models were adjusted for sociodemographics, sample collection timing, and lifestyle factors and used to examine for effect modification by infant sex. RESULTS In single-pollutant models, mono-benzyl phthalate and di-n -butyl phthalate were inversely associated with percentage fat mass [β : - 0.49 (95% CI: - 0.91 , - 0.08 ) and - 0.51 (95% CI: - 1.02 , 0.01), respectively] in male but not female infants at birth. Similar, but less precise, associations were observed at 5 months of age. In multipollutant models, a 1-quartile increase in the phthalate and phenol biomarker mixture was inversely associated with percentage fat mass at birth [- 1.06 (95% CI: - 2.21 , 0.1)] and at 5 months of age [- 2.14 (95% CI: - 3.88 , - 0.39 )] among males, but associations were null among females [0.48 (95% CI: - 0.78 , 1.75) and - 0.64 (95% CI: - 2.68 , 1.41), respectively]. Similar associations were observed with infant weight. CONCLUSION In this U.S.-based prospective cohort, gestational phthalate and phenol biomarkers were inversely associated with infant weight and fat mass, particularly in males. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R. Stevens
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne P. Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paige A. Bommarito
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander P. Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dorothy Nakiwala
- Center for Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John L. Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Public Health Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Center for Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Stevens DR, Rosen EM, Van Wickle K, McNell EE, Bommarito PA, Calafat AM, Botelho JC, Sinkovskaya E, Przybylska A, Saade G, Abuhamad A, Ferguson KK. Early pregnancy phthalates and replacements in relation to fetal growth: The human placenta and phthalates study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115975. [PMID: 37094650 PMCID: PMC10201455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant persons are exposed ubiquitously to phthalates and increasingly to chemicals introduced to replace phthalates. In early pregnancy, exposure to these chemicals may disrupt fetal formation and development, manifesting adverse fetal growth. Previous studies examining the consequences of early pregnancy exposure relied on single spot urine measures and did not investigate replacement chemicals. OBJECTIVE Characterize associations between urinary phthalate and replacement biomarkers in early pregnancy and fetal growth outcomes. METHODS Analyses were conducted among 254 pregnancies in the Human Placenta and Phthalates Study, a prospective cohort with recruitment 2017-2020. Exposures were geometric mean concentrations of phthalate and replacement biomarkers quantified in two spot urine samples collected around 12- and 14-weeks of gestation. Outcomes were fetal ultrasound biometry (head and abdominal circumferences, femur length, estimated fetal weight) collected in each trimester and converted to z-scores. Adjusted linear mixed effects (single-pollutant) and quantile g-computation (mixture) models with participant-specific random effects estimated the difference, on average, in longitudinal fetal growth for a one-interquartile range (IQR) increase in individual (single-pollutant) or all (mixture) early pregnancy phthalate and replacement biomarkers. RESULTS Mono carboxyisononyl phthalate and the sums of metabolites of di-n-butyl, di-iso-butyl, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate were inversely associated with fetal head and abdominal circumference z-scores. A one-IQR increase in the phthalate and replacement biomarker mixture was inversely associated with fetal head circumference (β: -0.36 [95% confidence interval: -0.56, -0.15]) and abdominal circumference (-0.31 [-0.49, -0.12]) z-scores. This association was mainly driven by phthalate biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Urine concentrations of phthalate biomarkers, but not replacement biomarkers, in early pregnancy were associated with reductions in fetal growth. Though the clinical implications of these differences are unclear, reduced fetal growth contributes to excess morbidity and mortality across the lifecourse. Given widespread global exposure to phthalates, findings suggest a substantial population health burden resulting from early pregnancy phthalate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Stevens
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emma M Rosen
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimi Van Wickle
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erin E McNell
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paige A Bommarito
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julianne C Botelho
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elena Sinkovskaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Ann Przybylska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - George Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alfred Abuhamad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
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Hussey MR, Enquobahrie DA, Loftus CT, MacDonald JW, Bammler TK, Paquette AG, Marsit CJ, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Tylavsky F, Zhao Q, Karr CJ, Sathyanarayana S. Associations of prenatal exposure to NO 2 and near roadway residence with placental gene expression. Placenta 2023; 138:75-82. [PMID: 37216796 PMCID: PMC10349584 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), a common exposure, potentially impacts pregnancy through altered placental function. We investigated associations between prenatal TRAP exposure and placental gene expression. METHODS Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on placental samples from CANDLE (Memphis, TN) (n = 776) and GAPPS (Seattle and Yakima, WA) (n = 205), cohorts of the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Residential NO2 exposures were computed via spatiotemporal models for full-pregnancy, each trimester, and the first/last months of pregnancy. Individual cohort-specific, covariate-adjusted linear models were fit for 10,855 genes and respective exposures (NO2 or roadway proximity [≤150 m]). Infant-sex/exposure interactions on placental gene expression were tested with interaction terms in separate models. Significance was based on false discovery rate (FDR<0.10). RESULTS In GAPPS, final-month NO2 exposure was positively associated with MAP1LC3C expression (FDR p-value = 0.094). Infant-sex interacted with second-trimester NO2 on STRIP2 expression (FDR interaction p-value = 0.011, inverse and positive associations among male and female infants, respectively) and roadway proximity on CEBPA expression (FDR interaction p-value = 0.045, inverse among females). In CANDLE, infant-sex interacted with first-trimester and full-pregnancy NO2 on RASSF7 expression (FDR interaction p-values = 0.067 and 0.013, respectively, positive among male infants and inverse among female infants). DISCUSSION Overall, pregnancy NO2 exposure and placental gene expression associations were primarily null, with exception of final month NO2 exposure and placental MAP1LC3C association. We found several interactions of infant sex and TRAP exposures on placental expression of STRIP2, CEBPA, and RASSF7. These highlighted genes suggest influence of TRAP on placental cell proliferation, autophagy, and growth, though additional replication and functional studies are required for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hussey
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alison G Paquette
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San, Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frances Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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8
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Zhang T, Wang S, Li L, Zhu A, Wang Q. Associating diethylhexyl phthalate to gestational diabetes mellitus via adverse outcome pathways using a network-based approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153932. [PMID: 35182638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication that is harmful to both the woman and fetus. Several epidemiological studies have found that exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), an endocrine disruptor ubiquitous in the environment, may be associated with GDM. This study aims to investigate the mechanism between DEHP and GDM using the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework, which can integrate information from different sources to elucidate the causal pathways between chemicals and adverse outcomes. We applied a network-based workflow to integrate diverse information to generate computational AOPs and accelerate the AOP development. The interactions among DEHP, genes, phenotypes, and GDM were retrieved from several publicly available databases, including the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), Computational Toxicology (CompTox) Chemicals Dashboard, DisGeNET, MalaCards, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Based on the above interactions, a DEHP-Gene-Phenotype-GDM network consisting of 52 nodes and 227 edges was formed to support AOP construction. The filtered genes and phenotypes were assembled as molecular initiating events (MIEs) and key events (KEs) according to the upstream and downstream relationships, generating a computational AOP (cAOP) network. Based on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development handbook of AOPs, a cAOP was assessed and applied to determine the effects of DEHP on GDM. DEHP could increase TNF-α, downregulate the glucose uptake process, and lead to GDM. Overall, this study revealed the utility of computational methods in integrating a variety of datasets, supporting AOP development, and facilitating a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of exposure to chemicals on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ludi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - An Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Huang YQ, Tang YX, Qiu BH, Talukder M, Li XN, Li JL. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) induced lipid metabolism disorder in liver via activating the LXR/SREBP-1c/PPARα/γ and NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113119. [PMID: 35537648 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Qiang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yi-Xi Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Bai-Hao Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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10
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Stevens DR, Bommarito PA, Keil AP, McElrath TF, Trasande L, Barrett ES, Bush NR, Nguyen RHN, Sathyanarayana S, Swan S, Ferguson KK. Urinary phthalate metabolite mixtures in pregnancy and fetal growth: Findings from the infant development and the environment study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107235. [PMID: 35429919 PMCID: PMC9075822 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal phthalate exposure has been linked to reductions in fetal growth in animal and laboratory studies, but epidemiologic evidence is equivocal. OBJECTIVE Examine the association between prenatal phthalate metabolite mixtures and fetal growth and evaluate whether that association is modified by fetal sex or omega-3 intake during pregnancy. METHODS Analyses included 604 singleton pregnancies from TIDES, a prospective pregnancy cohort with spot urine samples and questionnaires collected in each trimester. Pregnancy-averaged phthalate exposure estimates were calculated as the geometric means of specific-gravity corrected phthalate metabolites. Fetal growth outcomes included birthweight and length, and ultrasound-derived size and velocity of estimated fetal weight, femur length, abdominal and head circumferences in the second and third trimesters. We used a novel application of quantile g-computation to estimate the joint association between pregnancy-averaged phthalate exposure and fetal growth, and to examine effect modification of that association by infant sex or omega-3 intake during pregnancy. RESULTS There were few statistically significant differences in birth size and fetal growth by exposure. A one-quartile increase in the phthalate mixture was modestly associated with reduced birthweight(β [95% confidence interval)]: -54.6 [-128.9, 19.7] grams; p = 0.15) and length (-0.2 [-0.6, 0.2] centimeters; p = 0.40). A one-quartile increase in the phthalate mixture was associated with reduced birth length in males (-0.5 [-1.0, 0.0] centimeters) but not for females (0.1 [-0.2, 0.3] centimeters); interaction p = 0.05. The phthalate metabolite mixture was inversely associated with ultrasound-derived fetal growth among those with adequate omega-3 intake. For example, a one-quartile increase in the phthalate mixture was associated with reduced abdominal circumference in the third trimesters in those with adequate omega-3 intake (-3.3 [-6.8, 0.1] millimeters) but not those with inadequate omega-3 intake (1.8 [-0.8, 4.5] millimeters); interaction p = 0.01. CONCLUSION Prenatal phthalate exposure was not significantly associated with fetal growth outcomes, with some exceptions for certain subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Stevens
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paige A Bommarito
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Departments of Pediatrics, Environmental Medicine, and Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shanna Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
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11
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Ferguson KK, Bommarito PA, Arogbokun O, Rosen EM, Keil AP, Zhao S, Barrett ES, Nguyen RH, Bush NR, Trasande L, McElrath TF, Swan SH, Sathyanarayana S. Prenatal Phthalate Exposure and Child Weight and Adiposity from in Utero to 6 Years of Age. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:47006. [PMID: 35452257 PMCID: PMC9031798 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal phthalate exposure has been associated with lower birth weight but also higher weight in childhood. Few studies have examined weight or adiposity from birth to childhood and thus cannot assess growth trajectories associated with exposure. OBJECTIVE We assessed associations between maternal phthalate exposures in pregnancy and child weight and adiposity measured prenatally through childhood (3-6 years of age). METHODS Within The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES), a prospective pregnancy cohort, we analyzed a panel of phthalate metabolites in urine collected at two visits from early and late gestation (N=780). We estimated average phthalate metabolite associations with child weight z-scores from ∼20wk gestation (estimated by ultrasound), birth, and 1, 3, 4, and 6 years of age using linear mixed-effects (LME) models. We also modeled associations with adiposity z-scores from birth (weight for length) and 1, 3, 4, and 6 years of age [body mass index (BMI)] using LME models. RESULTS For weight, we observed inverse associations between several phthalate metabolites and birth weight z-scores, but no associations were observed with postnatal weight z-scores in LME models. Regarding adiposity, we observed inverse associations between phthalate metabolites and weight-for-length z-scores at birth, but positive associations were observed with BMI z-scores at 3-4 years of age in LME models. For example, mono-ethyl phthalate was associated with a 0.17-unit decrease in birth weight-for-length z-score [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.29, -0.05] and a 0.18-unit increase in 4-years-of-age BMI z-score (95% CI: 0.04, 0.32). DISCUSSION We observed associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and lower weight at birth but not at childhood follow-up visits. However, for adiposity, we observed an interesting pattern of association with low adiposity at delivery as well as high adiposity at 3-4 years of age. Although it is not clear from our results whether these associations occur within the same children, such a pattern of adiposity in early life has been linked to cardiometabolic disease in adulthood and deserves special attention as an outcome in the study of prenatal exposures in the developmental origins of health and disease. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10077.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paige A. Bommarito
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo Arogbokun
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emma M. Rosen
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander P. Keil
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ruby H.N. Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- Department of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas F. McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shanna H. Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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12
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Lite C, Raja GL, Juliet M, Sridhar VV, Subhashree KD, Kumar P, Chakraborty P, Arockiaraj J. In utero exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, maternal factors and alterations in the epigenetic landscape underlying later-life health effects. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 89:103779. [PMID: 34843942 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Widespread persistence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment has mandated the need to study their potential effects on an individual's long-term health after both acute and chronic exposure periods. In this review article a particular focus is given on in utero exposure to EDCs in rodent models which resulted in altered epigenetic programming and transgenerational effects in the offspring causing disrupted reproductive and metabolic phenotypes. The literature to date establishes the impact of transgenerational effects of EDCs potentially associated with epigenetic mediated mechanisms. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of epigenetic programming and it's regulation in mammals, primarily focusing on the epigenetic plasticity and susceptibility to exogenous hormone active chemicals during the early developmental period. Further, we have also in depth discussed the epigenetic alterations associated with the exposure to selected EDCs such as Bisphenol A (BPA), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and vinclozlin upon in utero exposure especially in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Lite
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Glancis Luzeena Raja
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Melita Juliet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasisht Varsh Sridhar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Divya Subhashree
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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13
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Francis CE, Allee L, Nguyen H, Grindstaff RD, Miller CN, Rayalam S. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: Friend or foe to brown and beige adipose tissue? Toxicology 2021; 463:152972. [PMID: 34606950 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on the current obesity epidemic is a growing field of interest. Numerous EDCs have shown the potential to alter energy metabolism, which may increase the risk of obesity, in part, through direct actions on adipose tissue. While white adipose tissue has historically been the primary focus of this work, evidence of the EDC-induced disruption of brown and beige adipose tissues continues to build. Both brown and beige fat are thermogenic adipose depots rich in mitochondria that dispense heat when activated. Due to these properties, brown and beige fat are implicated in metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cachexia. This review delves into the current literature of different EDCs, including bisphenols, dioxins, air pollutants, phthalates, and phytochemicals. The possible implications that these EDCs have on thermogenic adipose tissues are covered. This review also introduces the possibility of using brown and beige fat as a therapeutic target organ by taking advantage of some of the properties of EDCs. Collectively, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the evidence of EDC disruption in white, brown, and beige fat and highlight gaps worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Logan Allee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, USA
| | - Helen Nguyen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rachel D Grindstaff
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Brach, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Colette N Miller
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Srujana Rayalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, USA.
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14
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Li J, Qian X, Zhou Y, Li Y, Xu S, Xia W, Cai Z. Trimester-specific and sex-specific effects of prenatal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on fetal growth, birth size, and early-childhood growth: A longitudinal prospective cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146146. [PMID: 33684750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) may cause adverse health outcomes. However, trimester-specific impacts of DEHP exposure on offspring growth from fetal to early childhood stage have not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, participants who provided a full series of urine specimens at three trimesters were selected from a birth cohort conducted at Wuhan, China from 2014 to 2015. 814 mother-offspring pairs were included in the study. Urinary concentrations of DEHP metabolites were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Z-scores for ultrasound-measured fetal growth parameters at 14.0-18.9, 22.6-27.0, and 29.0-33.9 weeks of gestation, were calculated. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) at 6, 12, and 24 months were standardized to z-scores using sex-specific and age-specific WHO child growth standards. Linear regressions with generalized estimating equations were used to assess the relationships of DEHP levels per trimester to fetal growth, birth size, and growth at 6, 12, and 24 months to explore the trimester-specific impacts of DEHP exposure on offspring development. Among males, the1st-trimester DEHP was negatively related to fetal growth (β < 0, p < 0.05), but positively related to 24-month BMI. The 2nd-trimester DEHP was negatively related to birth weight and birth length, but positively related to weight gain rates from birth to 24 months old. The 3rd-trimester DEHP was positively (β > 0, p < 0.05) associated with birth weight and BMI at 6 and 12 months. Among females, the 1st-trimester DEHP was associated with increased birth length, while the 2nd-trimester DEHP was negatively associated with BMI at 6 and 12 months. A negative association between DEHP and weight gain rates at 6 months was noted among females. This prospective cohort revealed the sex-specific and trimester-specific relationships of DEHP exposure to offspring growth from fetal to early-childhood stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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An SJ, Lee EJ, Jeong SH, Hong YP, Ahn S, Yang YJ. Perinatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces hepatic lipid accumulation mediated by diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1698-1709. [PMID: 33832334 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211003314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer in consumer products and medical devices. It is also suspected to exacerbate the development of fatty liver. However, the mechanisms underlying excessive lipid synthesis and its deposition in the liver are yet to be identified. This study was aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of hepatic lipid accumulation in adult male offspring after perinatal exposure to DEHP. METHOD Corn oil and DEHP (0.75 mg/kg/day) were administered once per day to dam from gestation day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21 by oral gavage. After the weaning period, DEHP treated male pups were categorized into early life stage- and lifelong period group. Male rats both control and early life stage group administered corn oil, and lifelong period group administered DEHP from PND 22 to 70. Histological examination and triglyceride (TG) levels in the liver were analyzed. Expressions of transcription factors associated with lipid accumulation in the liver were analyzed. RESULTS Both early life stage- and lifelong period group, hepatic TG levels, and mRNA and protein expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) were significantly higher than control (TG: all p < 0.05, mRNA & protein: p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). The average body weight from PND 35 to 63, and mRNA and protein expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c in lifelong period group were significantly lower than control (all p < 0.05); however, alanine transaminase were significantly higher than control (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Perinatal exposure to DEHP may induce the hepatic lipid accumulation through up-regulation of DGAT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J An
- Department of Neurology, Catholic Kwandong University International St Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,These authors are equally contributed to this work
| | - E J Lee
- Institute for Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,These authors are equally contributed to this work
| | - S-H Jeong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-P Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Catholic Kwandong University International St Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Catholic Kwandong University International St Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Santos CD, da Silva JS, Brunetta HS, Chagas TR, Zoccal DB, Nunes EA, Rafacho A. Impact of combined long-term fructose and prednisolone intake on glucose and lipid homeostasis in rats: benefits of intake interruption or fish oil administration. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 90:108572. [PMID: 33388348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether combined long-term fructose and prednisolone intake would be more detrimental to the glucose homeostasis than if ingested separately. We also evaluated whether fish oil administration or interruption of treatments has any positive impact. For this, male adult Wistar rats ingested fructose (20%) (F) or prednisolone (12.5 µg/mL) (P) or both (FP) through drinking water for 12 weeks. A separate group of fructose and prednisolone-treated rats received fish oil treatment (1 g/kg) in the last 6 weeks. In another group, the treatment with fructose and prednisolone was interrupted after 12 weeks, and the animals were followed for more 12 weeks. Control groups ran in parallel (C). The F group had higher plasma TG (+42%) and visceral adiposity (+63%), whereas the P group had lower insulin sensitivity (-33%) and higher insulinemia (+200%). Only the the FP group developed these alterations combined with higher circulating uric acid (+126%), hepatic triacylglycerol content (+16.2-fold), lipid peroxidation (+173%) and lower catalase activity (-32%) that were associated with lower protein kinase B content and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in the liver, lower AMPK phosphorylation in the adipose tissue and higher beta-cell mass. Fish oil ingestion attenuated the elevation in circulating triacylglycerol and uric acid values, while the interruption of sugar and glucocorticoid intake reverted almost all modified parameters. In conclusion, long-term intake of fructose and prednisolone by male rats are more detrimental to glucose and lipid homeostasis than if ingested separately and the benefits of treatment interruption are broader than fish oil treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicentre Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Julia Spanhol da Silva
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicentre Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Henver Simionato Brunetta
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicentre Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thays Rodrigues Chagas
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel Breseghello Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everson Araújo Nunes
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicentre Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicentre Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Metabolic, reproductive and thyroid effects of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) orally administered to male and female juvenile rats at dose levels derived from children biomonitoring study. Toxicology 2020; 449:152653. [PMID: 33309551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in several items, non-covalently bound to plastics and easily released, since metabolites were found in human matrices. DEHP is an endocrine disrupter and children are particularly vulnerable and susceptible to DEHP effects due to higher exposure levels and developmental stage. A juvenile toxicity study was performed to identify DEHP hazard and mode of action in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes during peri-pubertal period - corresponding to childhood phase - from weaning, post-natal day (PND) 23, to full sexual maturity (PND60); the dose levels of 0, 9, 21 and 48 mg/kg bw/day were derived from LIFE PERSUADED biomonitoring study in children. DEHP was administered by gavage for 28 days (5 days/week); timing of preputial separation and vaginal opening was observed during treatment. Histopathological analysis was performed on: adrenals, spleen, liver, thyroid and reproductive organs. The following serum biomarkers were assessed: estradiol, testosterone, anti-Mullerian hormone, tetraiodothyronine, thyroid stimulating hormone, adiponectin and leptin. Gene expression on hypothalamic-pituitary area was focused on follicle stimulating, luteinizing, and thyroid stimulating hormones. The results showed that main targets of DEHP during juvenile period were liver and metabolic system in both sexes, while sex-specific effects were recorded in reproductive system (male rats) and in thyroid (female rats). DEHP exposure during peri-pubertal period at dose levels derived from biomonitoring study in children can induce sex-specific imbalances identifying the juvenile animal model as a sound tool to identify hazards for a reliable risk assessment targeted to children.
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Abstract
Almost 2 billion adults in the world are overweight, and more than half of them are classified as obese, while nearly one-third of children globally experience poor growth and development. Given the vast amount of knowledge that has been gleaned from decades of research on growth and development, a number of questions remain as to why the world is now in the midst of a global epidemic of obesity accompanied by the "double burden of malnutrition," where overweight coexists with underweight and micronutrient deficiencies. This challenge to the human condition can be attributed to nutritional and environmental exposures during pregnancy that may program a fetus to have a higher risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. To explore this concept, frequently called the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), this review considers a host of factors and physiological mechanisms that drive a fetus or child toward a higher risk of obesity, fatty liver disease, hypertension, and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). To that end, this review explores the epidemiology of DOHaD with discussions focused on adaptations to human energetics, placental development, dysmetabolism, and key environmental exposures that act to promote chronic diseases in adulthood. These areas are complementary and additive in understanding how providing the best conditions for optimal growth can create the best possible conditions for lifelong health. Moreover, understanding both physiological as well as epigenetic and molecular mechanisms for DOHaD is vital to most fully address the global issues of obesity and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hoffman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, and Center for Childhood Nutrition Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Meconium Exposure to Phthalates, Sex and Thyroid Hormones, Birth Size and Pregnancy Outcomes in 251 Mother-Infant Pairs from Shanghai. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217711. [PMID: 33105642 PMCID: PMC7659924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are hormonally active pollutants. In-utero exposure to phthalates has been reported to be associated with birth size parameters and pregnancy outcomes. However, previous reports were inconsistent. We examined the associations between meconium exposure to phthalates and the effects on birth size parameters, pregnancy outcomes and sex and thyroid hormones in 251 mother–infant pairs from a Shanghai hospital. We measured 10 metabolites of phthalates in meconium samples collected during the first 24h after delivery. Information on seven birth size parameters (birth weight, birth length, abdominal circumference, head circumference, femur length, biparietal diameter and anogenital distance) and three pregnancy outcomes (gestational diabetes, premature rupture of membrane, and premature birth) was available from the birth record. Concentrations of free testosterone, estradiol (E2), thyroid stimulating hormone, concentrations of total and free thyroxine and triiodothyronine were measured from cord blood. Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression were used to estimate associations between phthalate exposure and health outcomes. mono-iso-butylphthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butylphthalate (MnBP) and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (MEOHP) were positively associated with birth length and femur length which seemed more obvious in female newborn; MiBP, MnBP and mono-2-ethylhexylphthalate (MEHP) were positively associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) only in mothers with male newborns; monomethyl phthalate (MMP), MiBP and MEOHP were positively associated with E2 in male newborns. This study indicates that meconium exposure to phthalates may adversely affect some fetal growth parameters and GDM with a potential gender effect.
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20
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Zhao Y, Ma DX, Wang HG, Li MZ, Talukder M, Wang HR, Li JL. Lycopene Prevents DEHP-Induced Liver Lipid Metabolism Disorder by Inhibiting the HIF-1α-Induced PPARα/PPARγ/FXR/LXR System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11468-11479. [PMID: 32962341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widespread pollutant that badly affects animals and human health. Lycopene (LYC) has been used as a dietary supplement that has effective antioxidant and antiobesity functions. The present goal was to understand the molecular mechanisms of LYC preventing DEHP-induced lipid metabolism of the liver. The mice were intragastrically administered with LYC (5 mg/kg) and/or DEHP (500 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg). Here, we found that LYC attenuated DEHP-caused hepatic histopathological lesions including steatosis. Hematological and biochemical analyses revealed that LYC ameliorated DEHP-caused liver function and lipid metabolism disorders. DEHP caused lipid metabolism disorders via activating the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α/γ (PPARα/γ) signal transducer and Farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/liver X receptor (LXR) signaling pathway. As a major regulator of lipid metabolism, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) system was elevated with increased fatty degeneration under DEHP exposure. However, LYC could decrease the levels of HIF-1α/PPARα/PPARγ/FXR/LXR signaling pathway-related factors. Our research indicated that LYC could prevent DEHP-induced lipid metabolism disorders via inhibiting the HIF-1α-mediated PPARα/PPARγ/FXR/LXR system. This study may provide a possible molecular mechanism for fatty liver induced by DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong-Guang Wang
- The Technical Identification Station of Agricultural Products and Veterinary Drug and Animal Feed in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150000, P. R. China
| | | | - Milton Talukder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
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21
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Svoboda LK, Wang K, Cavalcante RG, Neier K, Colacino JA, Sartor MA, Dolinoy DC. Sex-Specific Programming of Cardiac DNA Methylation by Developmental Phthalate Exposure. Epigenet Insights 2020; 13:2516865720939971. [PMID: 32864567 PMCID: PMC7430087 DOI: 10.1177/2516865720939971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalate plasticizers are ubiquitous chemicals linked to several cardiovascular diseases in animal models and humans. Despite this, the mechanisms by which phthalate exposures cause adverse cardiac health outcomes are unclear. In particular, whether phthalate exposures during pregnancy interfere with normal developmental programming of the cardiovascular system, and the resulting implications this may have for long-term disease risk, are unknown. Recent studies suggest that the effects of phthalates on metabolic and neurobehavioral outcomes are sex-specific. However, the influence of sex on cardiac susceptibility to phthalate exposures has not been investigated. One mechanism by which developmental exposures may influence long-term health is through altered programming of DNA methylation. In this work, we utilized an established mouse model of human-relevant perinatal exposure and enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to investigate the long-term effects of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure on DNA methylation in the hearts of adult male and female offspring at 5 months of age (n = 5-7 mice per sex and exposure). Perinatal DEHP exposure led to hundreds of sex-specific, differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the heart. Pathway analysis of DMCs revealed enrichment for several pathways in females, including insulin signaling, regulation of histone methylation, and tyrosine phosphatase activity. In males, DMCs were enriched for glucose transport, energy generation, and developmental programs. Notably, many sex-specific genes differentially methylated with DEHP exposure in our mouse model were also differentially methylated in published data of heart tissues collected from human heart failure patients. Together, these data highlight the potential role for DNA methylation in DEHP-induced cardiac effects and emphasize the importance of sex as a biological variable in environmental health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K Svoboda
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raymond G Cavalcante
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kari Neier
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Griffin MD, Pereira SR, DeBari MK, Abbott RD. Mechanisms of action, chemical characteristics, and model systems of obesogens. BMC Biomed Eng 2020; 2:6. [PMID: 32903358 PMCID: PMC7422567 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-020-00040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the role of environmental endocrine disrupting contaminants, coined obesogens, in exacerbating the rising obesity epidemic. Obesogens can be found in everyday items ranging from pesticides to food packaging. Although research shows that obesogens can have effects on adipocyte size, phenotype, metabolic activity, and hormone levels, much remains unknown about these chemicals. This review will discuss what is currently known about the mechanisms of obesogens, including expression of the PPARs, hormone interference, and inflammation. Strategies for identifying obesogenic chemicals and their mechanisms through chemical characteristics and model systems will also be discussed. Ultimately, research should focus on improving models to discern precise mechanisms of obesogenic action and to test therapeutics targeting these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory D Griffin
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Sean R Pereira
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Megan K DeBari
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Rosalyn D Abbott
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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23
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Han X, Zhao Y, Song X, Zhao T, Ye L. Effects of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and high-fat diet on lipid metabolism in rats by JAK2/STAT5. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3837-3848. [PMID: 31732953 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) induces lipid metabolism disorder and high-fat diet (HD) may have joint effects with DEHP. We aim to clarify the role of JAK2/STAT5 pathway in the process and reveal the effects of HD on the toxicity of DEHP. Wistar rats (160 animals) were fed with HD or normal diet (ND) respectively and exposed to DEHP 0, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Lipid levels, as well as the morphology of liver and adipose, mRNA levels, and protein levels of JAK2, STAT5A, STAT5B, FAS, ap2, and PDK4 were detected. The results showed that DEHP exposure leads to increased weight gain. The JAK2/STAT5 pathway was activated in adipose after DEHP exposure and promoted the expression of FAS, ap2, and PDK4 in ND rats. While in the liver, JAK2 was inhibited, and lipid synthesis and accumulation were increased. However, rats exposed to DEHP in combination with HD showed a complete disorder of lipid metabolism. Therefore, we conclude that DEHP affects lipid metabolism through regulating the JAK2/STAT5 pathway and promotes adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. High-fat diet may have a joint effect with DEHP on lipid metabolism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yaming Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tianyang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Sargis RM, Simmons RA. Environmental neglect: endocrine disruptors as underappreciated but potentially modifiable diabetes risk factors. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1811-1822. [PMID: 31451869 PMCID: PMC7462102 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes prevalence is increasing dramatically across the globe, imposing a tremendous toll on individuals and healthcare systems. Reversing these trends requires comprehensive approaches to address both classical and emerging diabetes risk factors. Recently, environmental toxicants acting as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have emerged as novel metabolic disease risk factors. EDCs implicated in diabetes pathogenesis include various inorganic and organic molecules of both natural and synthetic origin, including arsenic, bisphenol A, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides. Indeed, evidence implicates EDC exposures across the lifespan in metabolic dysfunction; moreover, specific developmental windows exhibit enhanced sensitivity to EDC-induced metabolic disruption, with potential impacts across generations. Importantly, differential exposures to diabetogenic EDCs likely also contribute to racial/ethnic and economic disparities. Despite these emerging links, clinical practice guidelines fail to address this underappreciated diabetes risk factor. Comprehensive approaches to stem the tide of diabetes must include efforts to address its environmental drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- ChicAgo Center for Health and EnvironmenT (CACHET), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Hyperglycemia Changes Expression of Key Adipogenesis Markers (C/EBPα and PPARᵞ)and Morphology of Differentiating Human Visceral Adipocytes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081835. [PMID: 31398873 PMCID: PMC6723080 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in adipose tissue significantly contribute to the development of metabolic disorders, which are connected with hyperglycemia (HG) and underlain by epigenetics-based mechanisms. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperglycemia on proliferating, differentiating and maturating human visceral pre/adipocytes (HPA-v). Three stages of cell culture were conducted under constant or variable glycemic conditions. Adipogenesis progress was assessed using BODIPY 505/515 staining. Lipid content typical for normal and hyperglycemic conditions of adipocytes was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and imaging. Expression of adipogenic markers, PPARγ and C/EBPα, was determined at the mRNA and protein levels. We also examined expression of miRNAs proven to target PPARγ (miR-34a-5p) and C/EBPα (miR-137-3p), employing TaqMan Low-Density Arrays (TLDA) cards. Hyperglycemia altered morphology of differentiating HPA-v in relation to normoglycemia by accelerating the formation of lipid droplets and making their numbers and volume increase. Raman results confirmed that the qualitative and quantitative lipid composition under normal and hyperglycemic conditions were different, and that the number of lipid droplets increased in (HG)-treated cells. Expression profiles of both examined genes markedly changed either during adipogenesis under physiological and hyperglycemic conditions, orat particular stages of adipogenesis upon chronic and/or variable glycemia. Expression levels of PPARγ seemed to correspond to some expression changes of miR-34a-5p. miR-137-3p, whose expression was rather stable throughout the culture, did not seem to affect C/EBPα. Our observations revealed that chronic and intermittent hyperglycemia change the morphology of visceral pre/adipocytes during adipogenesis. Moreover, hyperglycemia may utilize miR-34a-5p to induce some expression changes in PPARγ.
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26
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Neier K, Cheatham D, Bedrosian LD, Gregg BE, Song PXK, Dolinoy DC. Longitudinal Metabolic Impacts of Perinatal Exposure to Phthalates and Phthalate Mixtures in Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1613-1630. [PMID: 31125050 PMCID: PMC6589074 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposures to phthalates are suspected to contribute to risk of metabolic syndrome. However, findings from human studies are inconsistent, and long-term metabolic impacts of early-life phthalate and phthalate mixture exposures are not fully understood. Furthermore, most animal studies investigating metabolic impacts of developmental phthalate exposures have focused on diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), whereas newer phthalates, such as diisononyl phthalate (DINP), are understudied. We used a longitudinal mouse model to evaluate long-term metabolic impacts of perinatal exposures to three individual phthalates, DEHP, DINP, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), as well as two mixtures (DEHP+DINP and DEHP+DINP+DBP). Phthalates were administered to pregnant and lactating females through phytoestrogen-free chow at the following exposure levels: 25 mg of DEHP/kg of chow, 25 mg of DBP/kg of chow, and 75 mg of DINP/kg of chow. One male and female per litter (n = 9 to 13 per sex per group) were weaned onto control chow and followed until 10 months of age. They underwent metabolic phenotyping at 2 and 8 months, and adipokines were measured in plasma collected at 10 months. Longitudinally, females perinatally exposed to DEHP only had increased body fat percentage and decreased lean mass percentage, whereas females perinatally exposed to DINP only had impaired glucose tolerance. Perinatal phthalate exposures also modified the relationship between body fat percentage and plasma adipokine levels at 10 months in females. Phthalate-exposed males did not exhibit statistically significant differences in the measured longitudinal metabolic outcomes. Surprisingly, perinatal phthalate mixture exposures were statistically significantly associated with few metabolic effects and were not associated with larger effects than single exposures, revealing complexities in metabolic effects of developmental phthalate mixture exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Neier
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Drew Cheatham
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leah D Bedrosian
- Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brigid E Gregg
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter X K Song
- Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence: Dana C. Dolinoy, PhD, Environmental Health Sciences and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. E-mail:
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27
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Moody L, Hernández-Saavedra D, Kougias DG, Chen H, Juraska JM, Pan YX. Tissue-specific changes in Srebf1 and Srebf2 expression and DNA methylation with perinatal phthalate exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2019; 5:dvz009. [PMID: 31240115 PMCID: PMC6586200 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals negatively impacts health, but the mechanism by which such toxicants damage long-term reproductive and metabolic function is unknown. Lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in steroid hormone synthesis as well as energy utilization and storage; thus, aberrant lipid regulation may contribute to phthalate-driven health impairments. In order to test this hypothesis, we specifically examined epigenetic disruptions in lipid metabolism pathways after perinatal phthalate exposure. During gestation and lactation, pregnant Long-Evans rat dams were fed environmentally relevant doses of phthalate mixture: 0 (CON), 200 (LO), or 1000 (HI) µg/kg body weight/day. On PND90, male offspring in the LO and HI groups had higher body weights than CON rats. Gene expression of lipid metabolism pathways was altered in testis and adipose tissue of males exposed to the HI phthalate dosage. Specifically, Srebf1 was downregulated in testis and Srebf2 was upregulated in adipose tissue. In testis of HI rats, DNA methylation was increased at two loci and reduced at one other site surrounding Srebf1 transcription start site. In adipose tissue of HI rats, we observed increased DNA methylation at one region within the first intron of Srebf2. Computational analysis revealed several potential transcriptional regulator binding sites, suggesting functional relevance of the identified differentially methylated CpGs. Overall, we show that perinatal phthalate exposure affects lipid metabolism gene expression in a tissue-specific manner possibly through altering DNA methylation of Srebf1 and Srebf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moody
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Daniel G Kougias
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Janice M Juraska
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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28
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Effects of in utero and lactational exposure to phthalates on reproductive development and glycemic homeostasis in rats. Toxicology 2019; 421:30-40. [PMID: 30940548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to phthalates is associated with reproductive and metabolic systems alterations. We investigated the effects of in utero and lactational exposure to Di-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) on the reproductive system and glycemic homeostasis in male and female offspring of rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to equimolar doses (0.018, 0.18 and 1.8 mmol/kg/day) of DEHP or DBP corresponding to 7, 70, and 700 mg/kg/day for DEHP and 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg/day for DBP, respectively, by oral gavage from gestation day 13 to postnatal day 21, and using canola oil as vehicle control. Male and female offspring were examined for body weight development, external markers of prenatal androgenization and puberty onset, plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin, insulin tolerance (ITT), glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 protein (PDX-1). Male and female rats exposed to the highest doses of DEHP and DBP exhibited increased fasting glucose levels. In rats exposed to DEHP 700 mg/kg/day we also observed a reduced glucose decay rate (Kitt) following insulin administration and decreased insulin secretion in the GSIS assay. Male offspring exposed to DEHP 700 mg/kg/day had reduced anogenital distance (AGD) on PDN 4 and delayed preputial separation at puberty, while female offspring exposed to DEHP 70 and 700 mg/kg/day and to the highest DBP dose had delayed vaginal opening. Our results suggest that maternal treatment with DEHP and DBP can induce a wide range of metabolic and reproductive alterations in offspring rats, with more pronounced effects following DEHP exposure.
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29
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Moody L, Kougias D, Jung PM, Digan I, Hong A, Gorski A, Chen H, Juraska J, Pan YX. Perinatal phthalate and high-fat diet exposure induce sex-specific changes in adipocyte size and DNA methylation. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 65:15-25. [PMID: 30599393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as diet and endocrine-disrupting chemicals have individually been shown to mediate metabolic function. However, the underlying mechanism by which the combination disrupts adipocyte morphology and fat storage remains unknown. The current study evaluated early-life programming by diet and phthalate exposure. During gestation and lactation, pregnant Long-Evans hooded rat dams were fed either a control (C) or high-fat (HF) diet and were orally administered one of three phthalate dosages (0, 200 or 1000 μg/kg/day), yielding six groups of offspring: C-0, C-200, C-1000, HF-0, HF-200 and HF-1000. On postnatal day (PND) 90, gonadal fat pads were collected and analyzed for histology, gene expression and DNA methylation. Differences in body weight were observed only in males. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed larger adipocyte size in HF-0 vs. C-0 females. Exposure to 200 or 1000 μg/kg/day phthalates modulated diet-induced changes in adipose morphology. Compared to C-0 females, HF-0 females also had higher expression of the adipogenesis gene Wnt receptor, frizzled 1 (Fzd1) and the triglyceride cleaving enzyme lipoprotein lipase (Lpl). These increases in gene expression were accompanied by lower DNA methylation surrounding the transcription start sites of the two genes. Diet-driven effects were observed in unexposed females but not in phthalate-treated rats. Results suggest a sex-specific association between perinatal HF diet and body weight, adipocyte size and DNA methylation. Perinatal phthalate exposure appears to produce a phenotype that more closely resembles HF-fed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul M Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition.
| | | | - Aaron Hong
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology.
| | | | - Hong Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition.
| | | | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition.
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Balise VD, Cornelius-Green JN, Kassotis CD, Rector RS, Thyfault JP, Nagel SC. Preconceptional, Gestational, and Lactational Exposure to an Unconventional Oil and Gas Chemical Mixture Alters Energy Expenditure in Adult Female Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:323. [PMID: 31191452 PMCID: PMC6540741 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have found altered adult health outcomes in animals with prenatal exposure to environmentally relevant levels of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) chemicals with endocrine-disrupting activity. This study aimed to examine potential metabolic health outcomes following a preconception, prenatal and postnatal exposure to a mixture of 23 UOG chemicals. Prior to mating and from gestation day 1 to postnatal day 21, C57BL/6J mice were developmentally exposed to a laboratory-created mixture of 23 UOG chemicals in maternal drinking water. Body composition, spontaneous activity, energy expenditure, and glucose tolerance were evaluated in 7-month-old female offspring. Neither body weight nor body composition differed in 7-month female mice. However, females exposed to 1.5 and 150 μg/kg/day UOG mix had lower total and resting energy expenditure within the dark cycle. In the light cycle, the 1,500 μg//kg/day group had lower total energy expenditure and the 1.5 μg/kg/day group had lower resting energy expenditure. Females exposed to the 150 μg/kg/day group had lower spontaneous activity in the dark cycle, and females exposed to the 1,500 μg/kg/day group had lower activity in the light cycle. This study reports for the first time that developmental exposure to a mixture of 23 UOG chemicals alters energy expenditure and spontaneous activity in adult female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria D. Balise
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jennifer N. Cornelius-Green
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - R. Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Health Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Research Service, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Susan C. Nagel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Susan C. Nagel
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Bastos Sales L, van Esterik JCJ, Hodemaekers HM, Lamoree MH, Hamers T, van der Ven LTM, Legler J. Analysis of Lipid Metabolism, Immune Function, and Neurobehavior in Adult C57BL/6JxFVB Mice After Developmental Exposure to di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:684. [PMID: 30519216 PMCID: PMC6259287 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Developmental exposure to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been implicated in the onset of metabolic syndrome later in life. Alterations in neurobehavior and immune functions are also affected by phthalate exposure and may be linked to the metabolic changes caused by developmental exposure to DEHP. Objectives: Our goal was to study the effects of developmental exposure to DEHP in the context of metabolic syndrome by integrating different parameters to assess metabolic, neurobehavioral, and immune functions in one model. Methods: Female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to DEHP through the diet during gestation and lactation at doses ranging from 3.3 to 100,000 μg/kg body weight/day (μkd). During a 1-year follow-up period, a wide set of metabolic parameters was assessed in the F1 offspring, including weekly body weight measurements, food consumption, physical activity, glucose homeostasis, serum lipids, and endocrine profile. In addition, neurobehavioral and immune functions were assessed by sweet preference test, object recognition test, acute phase protein, and cytokines production. Animals were challenged with a high fat diet (HFD) in the last 9 weeks of the study. Results: Increased free fatty acids (FFA) and, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were observed in serum, together with a decrease in glycated hemoglobin levels in blood of 1-year old male DEHP-exposed offspring after HFD challenge. For the most sensitive endpoint measured (FFA), a lower bound of the 90%-confidence interval for benchmark dose (BMD) at a critical effect size of 5% (BMDL) of 2,160 μkd was calculated. No persistent changes in body weight or fat mass were observed. At 33,000 μkd altered performance was found in the object recognition test in males and changes in interferon (IFN)γ production were observed in females. Conclusions: Developmental exposure to DEHP combined with HFD in adulthood led to changes in lipid metabolism and neurobehavior in male offspring and cytokine production in female offspring. Our findings contribute to the evidence that DEHP is a developmental dyslipidemic chemical, however, more research is needed to further characterize adverse health outcomes and the mechanisms of action associated with the observed sex-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Bastos Sales
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Hennie M. Hodemaekers
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Marja H. Lamoree
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timo Hamers
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leo T. M. van der Ven
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Veiga-Lopez A, Pu Y, Gingrich J, Padmanabhan V. Obesogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Identifying Knowledge Gaps. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:607-625. [PMID: 30017741 PMCID: PMC6098722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that are part of everyday consumer products and industrial manufacturing processes. EDCs can interfere with the endocrine system, including the adipose tissue. Accumulating evidence from epidemiological, animal, and in vitro studies demonstrates that EDCs can alter body weight, adipose tissue expansion, circulating lipid profile, and adipogenesis, with some resulting in transgenerational effects. These outcomes appear to be mediated through multiple mechanisms, from nuclear receptor binding to epigenetic modifications. A better understanding of the signaling pathways via which these EDCs contribute to an obesogenic phenotype, the interaction amongst complex mixtures of obesogenic EDCs, and the risks they pose relative to the obesity epidemic are still needed for risk assessment and development of prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Yong Pu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jeremy Gingrich
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Zuccarello P, Oliveri Conti G, Cavallaro F, Copat C, Cristaldi A, Fiore M, Ferrante M. Implication of dietary phthalates in breast cancer. A systematic review. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:667-674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Perinatal exposures to phthalates and phthalate mixtures result in sex-specific effects on body weight, organ weights and intracisternal A-particle (IAP) DNA methylation in weanling mice. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 10:176-187. [PMID: 29991372 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to phthalates has been implicated as a risk for obesity; however, epidemiological studies have yielded conflicting results and mechanisms are poorly understood. An additional layer of complexity in epidemiological studies is that humans are exposed to mixtures of many different phthalates. Here, we utilize an established mouse model of perinatal exposure to investigate the effects of three phthalates, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), on body weight and organ weights in weanling mice. In addition to individual phthalate exposures, we employed two mixture exposures: DEHP+DINP and DEHP+DINP+DBP. Phthalates were administered through phytoestrogen-free chow at the following exposure levels: 25 mg DEHP/kg chow, 25 mg DBP/kg chow and 75 mg DINP/kg chow. The viable yellow agouti (A vy ) mouse strain, along with measurement of tail DNA methylation, was used as a biosensor to examine effects of phthalates and phthalate mixtures on the DNA methylome. We found that female and male mice perinatally exposed to DINP alone had increased body weights at postnatal day 21 (PND21), and that exposure to mixtures did not exaggerate these effects. Females exposed to DINP and DEHP+DINP had increased relative liver weights at PND21, and females exposed to a mixture of DEHP+DINP+DBP had increased relative gonadal fat weight. Phthalate-exposed A vy /a offspring exhibited altered coat color distributions and altered DNA methylation at intracisternal A-particles (IAPs), repetitive elements in the mouse genome. These findings provide evidence that developmental exposures to phthalates influence body weight and organ weight changes in early life, and are associated with altered DNA methylation at IAPs.
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Motta K, Gomes PRL, Sulis PM, Bordin S, Rafacho A. Dexamethasone Administration During Late Gestation Has No Major Impact on Lipid Metabolism, but Reduces Newborn Survival Rate in Wistar Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:783. [PMID: 30018561 PMCID: PMC6038799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rise in plasma triacylglycerol levels is a common physiological occurrence during late gestation and excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) has been shown to impair lipid metabolism. Based on those observations, we investigated whether the administration of dexamethasone during the late gestational period could exacerbate this pregnancy associated hypertriacylglycerolemia in rats. For this, female Wistar rats were treated with dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg of body mass in the drinking water on days 14-19 of pregnancy; DP group) or equivalent days in the virgin rats (DV group). Untreated pregnant rats (control pregnant group) and age-matched virgin rats (control virgin group) were used as controls. Functional, biochemical, and molecular analyses were carried out after treatment with GC and in the control groups. Euthanasia was performed on day 20 of pregnancy. The metabolic parameters of the mothers (dams) at the time of weaning and 6 months later, as well as newborn survival, were evaluated. We observed that neither dexamethasone nor pregnancy affected blood glucose or glucose tolerance. Hypertriacylglycerolemia associated with lipid intolerance or reduced hepatic triacylglycerol clearance was observed during the late gestational period. GC treatment caused a further increase in basal plasma triacylglycerol levels, but did not have a significant effect on lipid tolerance and hepatic triacylglycerol clearance in pregnant rats. GC, but not pregnancy, caused few significant changes in mRNA expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism. Dexamethasone during pregnancy had no impact on lipid metabolism later in the dams' life; however, it led to intra-uterine growth restriction and reduced pup survival rate. In conclusion, GC exposure during the late gestational period in rats has no major impact on maternal lipid homeostasis, soon after parturition at weaning, or later in the dams' life, but GC exposure is deleterious to the newborn when high doses are administered at late gestation. These data highlight the importance of performing an individualized and rigorous control of a GC treatment during late pregnancy considering its harmful impact on the fetuses' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Motta
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Patricia R L Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paola M Sulis
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Systems Analysis of the Liver Transcriptome in Adult Male Zebrafish Exposed to the Plasticizer (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP). Sci Rep 2018; 8:2118. [PMID: 29391432 PMCID: PMC5794889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The organic compound diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) represents a high production volume chemical found in cosmetics, personal care products, laundry detergents, and household items. DEHP, along with other phthalates causes endocrine disruption in males. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals has been linked to the development of several adverse health outcomes with apical end points including Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). This study examined the adult male zebrafish (Danio rerio) transcriptome after exposure to environmental levels of DEHP and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) using both DNA microarray and RNA-sequencing technologies. Our results show that exposure to DEHP is associated with differentially expressed (DE) transcripts associated with the disruption of metabolic processes in the liver, including perturbation of five biological pathways: ‘FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks’, ‘Metabolic pathways’, ‘metabolism of amino acids and derivatives’, ‘metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins’, and ‘fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism’. DE transcripts unique to DEHP exposure, not observed with EE2 (i.e. non-estrogenic effects) exhibited a signature related to the regulation of transcription and translation, and ruffle assembly and organization. Collectively our results indicate that exposure to low DEHP levels modulates the expression of liver genes related to fatty acid metabolism and the development of NAFLD.
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37
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Zhu Y, Wan Y, Zhang B, Zhou A, Huo W, Wu C, Liu H, Jiang Y, Chen Z, Jiang M, Peng Y, Xu S, Xia W, Li Y. Relationship between maternal phthalate exposure and offspring size at birth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:1072-1078. [PMID: 28892847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Research findings on effects of prenatal phthalate exposure on fetal growth were inconsistent. Increasing evidence from animal studies has indicated a potential sex-specific effect of phthalates on fetal growth, but the current human data was limited. In this study, we aimed to estimate the relationships between maternal phthalate exposure and infant birth size. Six major phthalate metabolite levels of urine samples were measured among pregnant women (n=1002) from the Healthy Baby Cohort (HBC), China. The associations between urinary phthalate metabolites levels and birth size (birth weight, birth length, birth weight z-scores and ponderal index) were estimated using linear regression models. In boys, the ln-transformed di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolite levels were significantly associated with increased birth weight and birth weight z-scores. Additionally, each ln-unit increase in mono-(2-ethyl-5-carbox-ypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) was associated with a 0.25kg/m3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.47] increase in ponderal index in boys. However, we did not observe any significant association of maternal phthalate metabolite levels with any of the outcomes in girls. Our data suggested potential sex-specific associations of maternal phthalate exposure with increased birth weight and ponderal index, which were merely apparent in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- CDC of Yangtze River Administration and Navigational Affairs, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan 430019, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, PR China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chuansha Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yangqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zong Chen
- Women and Children Medical and Healthcare Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, PR China
| | - Minmin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China.
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Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, Savastano S, Colao A. Obesogenic endocrine disruptors and obesity: myths and truths. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3469-3475. [PMID: 28975368 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesogenic endocrine disruptors, also known as obesogens, are chemicals potentially involved in weight gain by altering lipid homeostasis and promoting adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. They included compounds to which human population is exposed over daily life such as pesticides/herbicides, industrial and household products, plastics, detergents and personal care products. The window of life during which the exposure happens could lead to different effects. A critical window is during utero and/or neonatal period in which the obesogens could cause subtle changes in gene expression and tissue organization or blunt other levels of biological organization leading to increased susceptibility to diseases in the adulthood. Some of the reasons for this increased sensitivity include the lack of the protective mechanisms that are available in adult such as DNA repair mechanisms, a competent immune system, detoxifying enzymes, liver metabolism and the blood/brain barrier still not fully functional in the fetus or newborn. The mechanisms of action of obesogens lay on their ability to increase the number and/or the size of the adipocytes and to alter appetite, satiety and food preferences. The ability of obesogens to increase fat deposition results in an increased capacity for their own retention due to their lipophilic properties; thus prolonging the exposure and increasing the detrimental metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Ios and Coleman Medicina Futura Medical Center, Via Alcide De Gasperi, 107,109,111, 80011, Acerra, NA, Italy.
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Ios and Coleman Medicina Futura Medical Center, Via Alcide De Gasperi, 107,109,111, 80011, Acerra, NA, Italy
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Ios and Coleman Medicina Futura Medical Center, Via Alcide De Gasperi, 107,109,111, 80011, Acerra, NA, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico II" - Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico II" - Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Jackson E, Shoemaker R, Larian N, Cassis L. Adipose Tissue as a Site of Toxin Accumulation. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1085-1135. [PMID: 28915320 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We examine the role of adipose tissue, typically considered an energy storage site, as a potential site of toxicant accumulation. Although the production of most persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was banned years ago, these toxicants persist in the environment due to their resistance to biodegradation and widespread distribution in various environmental forms (e.g., vapor, sediment, and water). As a result, human exposure to these toxicants is inevitable. Largely due to their lipophilicity, POPs bioaccumulate in adipose tissue, resulting in greater body burdens of these environmental toxicants with obesity. POPs of major concern include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDDs/PCDFs), and polybrominated biphenyls and diphenyl ethers (PBBs/PBDEs), among other organic compounds. In this review, we (i) highlight the physical characteristics of toxicants that enable them to partition into and remain stored in adipose tissue, (ii) discuss the specific mechanisms of action by which these toxicants act to influence adipocyte function, and (iii) review associations between POP exposures and the development of obesity and diabetes. An area of controversy relates to the relative potential beneficial versus hazardous health effects of toxicant sequestration in adipose tissue. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1085-1135, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Robin Shoemaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nika Larian
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lisa Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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40
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Harley KG, Berger K, Rauch S, Kogut K, Claus Henn B, Calafat AM, Huen K, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Association of prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and childhood BMI and obesity. Pediatr Res 2017. [PMID: 28426647 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.112.association] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough experiments in animals suggest that phthalates may have obesogenic effects, studies on prenatal exposure in children show inconsistent results.MethodsWe measured urinary concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites collected twice during pregnancy from mothers participating in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) cohort study (N=345). Height, weight, waist circumference, and percent body fat were assessed in their children between 5 and 12 years of age. We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations at each age and tested for interaction by sex.ResultsMetabolites of diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were positively associated with BMI z-score, waist circumference z-score, and percent body fat at multiple ages. At age 12, we observed increased odds of being overweight/obese with each doubling of prenatal concentrations of DEP (odds ratio=1.3; 95% confidence intervals: 1.1, 1.4), DBP (1.2; 1.0, 1.4), and DEHP (1.3; 1.0, 1.6) metabolites. Results were similar in boys and girls except for DBP metabolites and the non-specific metabolite mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, which showed positive associations only in boys.ConclusionIn utero exposure to certain phthalates is associated with increased BMI and risk for overweight/obesity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Kimberly Berger
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Karen Huen
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
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Harley KG, Berger K, Rauch S, Kogut K, Henn BC, Calafat AM, Huen K, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Association of prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and childhood BMI and obesity. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:405-415. [PMID: 28426647 PMCID: PMC5581502 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough experiments in animals suggest that phthalates may have obesogenic effects, studies on prenatal exposure in children show inconsistent results.MethodsWe measured urinary concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites collected twice during pregnancy from mothers participating in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) cohort study (N=345). Height, weight, waist circumference, and percent body fat were assessed in their children between 5 and 12 years of age. We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations at each age and tested for interaction by sex.ResultsMetabolites of diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were positively associated with BMI z-score, waist circumference z-score, and percent body fat at multiple ages. At age 12, we observed increased odds of being overweight/obese with each doubling of prenatal concentrations of DEP (odds ratio=1.3; 95% confidence intervals: 1.1, 1.4), DBP (1.2; 1.0, 1.4), and DEHP (1.3; 1.0, 1.6) metabolites. Results were similar in boys and girls except for DBP metabolites and the non-specific metabolite mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, which showed positive associations only in boys.ConclusionIn utero exposure to certain phthalates is associated with increased BMI and risk for overweight/obesity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim G. Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Kimberly Berger
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Karen Huen
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
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Dong X, Zhang Y, Dong J, Zhao Y, Guo J, Wang Z, Liu M, Na X, Wang C. Urinary metabolomic profiling in rats exposed to dietary di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16659-16672. [PMID: 28560624 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an omnipresent environmental chemical with widespread nonoccupational human exposure through multiple ways. Although considerable efforts have been invested to investigate mechanisms of DEHP toxicity, the key metabolic biomarkers of DEHP toxicity remain to be identified. The aim of this study was to assess the urinary metabonomics of dietary DEHP in rats using the technique of ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Fourteen female Wistar rats were divided into two groups and given increasing dietary doses of DEHP for 30 consecutive days. The urinary metabolite profile was studied using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) enabled clusters to be clearly separated. Eleven principal urinary metabolites were identified as contributing to the clusters. The clusters in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode were xanthurenic acid, kynurenic acid, nonate, N6-methyladenosine, and L-isoleucyl-L-proline. The clusters in the negative ESI mode were hippuric acid, tetrahydrocortisol, citric acid, phenylpropionylglycine, cPA(18:2(9Z, 12Z)/0:0), and LysoPC(14:1(9Z)). The urinary metabonomic changes indicated that exposure to dietary DEHP can affect energy-related metabolism, liver and renal function, fatty acid metabolism, and cause DNA damage in rats. The findings of this study on the urinary metabolites and metabolic pathways of DEHP may form the basis for future studies on the mechanisms of toxicity of this commonly found environmental chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Dong
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yunbo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jin Dong
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jipeng Guo
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhanju Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Na
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Heindel JJ, Blumberg B, Cave M, Machtinger R, Mantovani A, Mendez MA, Nadal A, Palanza P, Panzica G, Sargis R, Vandenberg LN, Vom Saal F. Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 68:3-33. [PMID: 27760374 PMCID: PMC5365353 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 635] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes(T2D), liver lipid disorders and metabolic syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background and changes in diet, exercise and aging. However, there is now considerable evidence that other environmental factors may contribute to the rapid increase in the incidence of these metabolic diseases. This review will examine changes to the incidence of obesity, T2D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the contribution of genetics to these disorders and describe the role of the endocrine system in these metabolic disorders. It will then specifically focus on the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the etiology of obesity, T2D and NAFLD while finally integrating the information on EDCs on multiple metabolic disorders that could lead to metabolic syndrome. We will specifically examine evidence linking EDC exposures during critical periods of development with metabolic diseases that manifest later in life and across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- University of California, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Irvine CA, USA
| | - Mathew Cave
- University of Louisville, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Louisville KY, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle A Mendez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Angel Nadal
- Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paola Palanza
- University of Parma, Department of Neurosciences, Parma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- University of Turin, Department of Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Turin, Italy
| | - Robert Sargis
- University of Chicago, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- University of Missouri, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
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Wu W, Zhou F, Wang Y, Ning Y, Yang JY, Zhou YK. Exposure to phthalates in children aged 5-7years: Associations with thyroid function and insulin-like growth factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:950-956. [PMID: 27884522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the associations between phthalate concentrations and thyroid function in preschool children. We collected demographic data and biological samples from 216 children aged 5-7years. We calculated urinary concentrations of eight mono-phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) separately for children from urban and rural areas and investigated their associations with thyroid function and growth hormones. mPAE concentrations were higher in children from the urban area than in those from the rural area, and most mPAEs were positively associated with free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine. The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentration decreased 0.082ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.34, -0.113) with each 1ng/mL increase in monomethyl phthalate (MMP) and 0.132ng/mL (95% CI: -0.209, -0.055) with each 1ng/mL increase in mono-n-butyl phthalate. The insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 concentration decreased by 0.01mg/L (95% CI: -0.001, -0.000) or 0.01mg/L (95% CI: -0.003, -0.000) with each 1ng/mL increase in MMP or monoethyl phthalate, respectively. Exposure to some phthalates at 5-7years of age might interfere with thyroid hormones and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Ning
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jian-Ye Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China.
| | - Yi-Kai Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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45
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Watkins DJ, Milewski S, Domino SE, Meeker JD, Padmanabhan V. Maternal phthalate exposure during early pregnancy and at delivery in relation to gestational age and size at birth: A preliminary analysis. Reprod Toxicol 2016. [PMID: 27352641 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.021.maternal] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies of in utero phthalate exposure and birth outcomes have had conflicting findings. The objective of this study was to characterize maternal phthalate exposure across pregnancy, examine associations between maternal phthalate levels and infant size and gestational age at birth, and investigate relationships between concurrent bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalate exposure and birth outcomes. Women in the Michigan Mother-Infant Pairs cohort provided urine and blood samples during their first trimester and at delivery. Urinary phthalate metabolites and serum BPA were measured at both time points, and birth weight, length, head circumference, and gestational age were recorded from medical records. Maternal DEHP metabolite concentrations were significantly higher at delivery compared to the first trimester (p<0.05), suggesting increased DEHP exposure late in pregnancy. A number of phthalate metabolites were associated with birth size and gestational age in patterns that varied by sex and timing of exposure, independent of BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samantha Milewski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven E Domino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Watkins DJ, Milewski S, Domino SE, Meeker JD, Padmanabhan V. Maternal phthalate exposure during early pregnancy and at delivery in relation to gestational age and size at birth: A preliminary analysis. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:59-66. [PMID: 27352641 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies of in utero phthalate exposure and birth outcomes have had conflicting findings. The objective of this study was to characterize maternal phthalate exposure across pregnancy, examine associations between maternal phthalate levels and infant size and gestational age at birth, and investigate relationships between concurrent bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalate exposure and birth outcomes. Women in the Michigan Mother-Infant Pairs cohort provided urine and blood samples during their first trimester and at delivery. Urinary phthalate metabolites and serum BPA were measured at both time points, and birth weight, length, head circumference, and gestational age were recorded from medical records. Maternal DEHP metabolite concentrations were significantly higher at delivery compared to the first trimester (p<0.05), suggesting increased DEHP exposure late in pregnancy. A number of phthalate metabolites were associated with birth size and gestational age in patterns that varied by sex and timing of exposure, independent of BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samantha Milewski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven E Domino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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