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Gebreyesus LH, Choi S, Neequaye P, Mahmoud M, Mahmoud M, Ofosu-Boateng M, Twum E, Nnamani DO, Wang L, Yadak N, Ghosh S, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Pregnane X receptor knockout mitigates weight gain and hepatic metabolic dysregulation in female C57BL/6 J mice on a long-term high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116341. [PMID: 38428309 PMCID: PMC10983615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases. However, pre-menopausal females are protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its adverse effects. The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, promotes short-term obesity-associated liver disease only in male mice but not in females. Therefore, the current study investigated the metabolic and pathophysiological effects of a long-term 52-week HFD in female wild-type (WT) and PXR-KO mice and characterized the PXR-dependent molecular pathways involved. After 52 weeks of HFD ingestion, the body and liver weights and several markers of hepatotoxicity were significantly higher in WT mice than in their PXR-KO counterparts. The HFD-induced liver injury in WT female mice was also associated with upregulation of the hepatic mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg), its target genes, fat-specific protein 27 (Fsp27), and the liver-specific Fsp27b involved in lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Notably, PXR-KO mice displayed elevated hepatic Cyp2a5 (anti-obesity gene), aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (Akr1b7), glutathione-S-transferase M3 (Gstm3) (antioxidant gene), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels, contributing to protection against long-term HFD-induced obesity and inflammation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a general blunting of the transcriptomic response to HFD in PXR-KO compared to WT mice. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated enrichment by HFD for several pathways, including oxidative stress and redox pathway, cholesterol biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in WT but not PXR-KO mice. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which PXR deficiency protects against long-term HFD-induced severe obesity and its adverse effects in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidya H Gebreyesus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Prince Neequaye
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Mattia Mahmoud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Mia Mahmoud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Malvin Ofosu-Boateng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Elizabeth Twum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Daniel O Nnamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lijin Wang
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore
| | - Nour Yadak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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Williams LA, Hamilton MC, Edin ML, Lih FB, Eccles-Miller JA, Tharayil N, Leonard E, Baldwin WS. Increased Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) Toxicity and Accumulation Is Associated with Perturbed Prostaglandin Metabolism and Increased Organic Anion Transport Protein (OATP) Expression. TOXICS 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38393201 PMCID: PMC10893382 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread environmental pollutant with a long half-life and clearly negative outcomes on metabolic diseases such as fatty liver disease and diabetes. Male and female Cyp2b-null and humanized CYP2B6-transgenic (hCYP2B6-Tg) mice were treated with 0, 1, or 10 mg/kg/day PFOS for 21 days, and surprisingly it was found that PFOS was retained at greater concentrations in the serum and liver of hCYP2B6-Tg mice than those of Cyp2b-null mice, with greater differences in the females. Thus, Cyp2b-null and hCYP2B6-Tg mice provide new models for investigating individual mechanisms for PFOS bioaccumulation and toxicity. Overt toxicity was greater in hCYP2B6-Tg mice (especially females) as measured by mortality; however, steatosis occurred more readily in Cyp2b-null mice despite the lower PFOS liver concentrations. Targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics from PFOS-treated Cyp2b-null and hCYP2B6-Tg mouse livers were performed and compared to PFOS retention and serum markers of toxicity using PCA. Several oxylipins, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and docosahexaenoic acid metabolites, are associated or inversely associated with PFOS toxicity. Both lipidomics and transcriptomics indicate PFOS toxicity is associated with PPAR activity in all models. GO terms associated with reduced steatosis were sexually dimorphic with lipid metabolism and transport increased in females and circadian rhythm associated genes increased in males. However, we cannot rule out that steatosis was initially protective from PFOS toxicity. Moreover, several transporters are associated with increased retention, probably due to increased uptake. The strongest associations are the organic anion transport proteins (Oatp1a4-6) genes and a long-chain fatty acid transport protein (fatp1), enriched in female hCYP2B6-Tg mice. PFOS uptake was also reduced in cultured murine hepatocytes by OATP inhibitors. The role of OATP1A6 and FATP1 in PFOS transport has not been tested. In summary, Cyp2b-null and hCYP2B6-Tg mice provided unique models for estimating the importance of novel mechanisms in PFOS retention and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanie A. Williams
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (L.A.W.); (M.C.H.); (J.A.E.-M.)
| | - Matthew C. Hamilton
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (L.A.W.); (M.C.H.); (J.A.E.-M.)
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Washington, NC 27709, USA; (M.L.E.); (F.B.L.)
| | - Fred B. Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, Washington, NC 27709, USA; (M.L.E.); (F.B.L.)
| | - Jazmine A. Eccles-Miller
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (L.A.W.); (M.C.H.); (J.A.E.-M.)
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (N.T.); (E.L.)
| | - Elizabeth Leonard
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (N.T.); (E.L.)
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (L.A.W.); (M.C.H.); (J.A.E.-M.)
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Smiriglia A, Lorito N, Serra M, Perra A, Morandi A, Kowalik MA. Sex difference in liver diseases: How preclinical models help to dissect the sex-related mechanisms sustaining NAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma. iScience 2023; 26:108363. [PMID: 38034347 PMCID: PMC10682354 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a few preclinical findings are confirmed in the clinic, posing a critical issue for clinical development. Therefore, identifying the best preclinical models can help to dissect molecular and mechanistic insights into liver disease pathogenesis while being clinically relevant. In this context, the sex relevance of most preclinical models has been only partially considered. This is particularly significant in NAFLD and HCC, which have a higher prevalence in men when compared to pre-menopause women but not to those in post-menopausal status, suggesting a role for sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the diseases. This review gathers the sex-relevant findings and the available preclinical models focusing on both in vitro and in vivo studies and discusses the potential implications and perspectives of introducing the sex effect in the selection of the best preclinical model. This is a critical aspect that would help to tailor personalized therapies based on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Smiriglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Nicla Lorito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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Ichimura-Shimizu M, Kojima M, Suzuki S, Miyata M, Osaki Y, Matsui K, Mizui T, Tsuneyama K. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor knock-out mice develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Pathol 2023; 261:465-476. [PMID: 37781961 DOI: 10.1002/path.6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
While brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is a growth factor associated with cognitive improvement and the alleviation of depression symptoms, is known to regulate food intake and body weight, the role of BDNF in peripheral disease is not fully understood. Here, we show that reduced BDNF expression is associated with weight gain and the chronic liver disease non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). At 10 months of age, BDNF-heterozygous (BDNF+/- ) mice developed symptoms of NASH: centrilobular/perivenular steatosis, lobular inflammation with infiltration of neutrophils, ballooning hepatocytes, and fibrosis of the liver. Obesity and higher serum levels of glucose and insulin - major pathologic features in human NASH - were dramatic. Dying adipocytes were surrounded by macrophages in visceral fat, suggesting that chronic inflammation occurs in peripheral organs. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) studies of the liver revealed that the most significantly enriched Gene Ontology term involved fatty acid metabolic processes and the modulation of neutrophil aggregation, pathologies that well characterise NASH. Gene expression analysis by RNA-seq also support the notion that BDNF+/- mice are under oxidative stress, as indicated by alterations in the expression of the cytochrome P450 family and a reduction in glutathione S-transferase p, an antioxidant enzyme. Histopathologic phenotypes of NASH were also observed in a knock-in mouse (BDNF+/pro ), in which the precursor BDNF is inefficiently converted into the mature form of BDNF. Lastly, as BDNF reduction causes overeating and subsequent obesity, a food restriction study was conducted in BDNF+/pro mice. Pair-fed BDNF+/pro mice developed hepatocellular damage and showed infiltration of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils in the liver, despite having body weights and blood parameters that were comparable to those of controls. This is the first report demonstrating that reduced BDNF expression plays a role in the pathogenic mechanism of NASH, which is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masami Kojima
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Bioscience and Chemistry, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Misaki Miyata
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Bioscience and Chemistry, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yui Osaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Konomi Matsui
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mizui
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Zapata RC, Nasamran CA, Chilin-Fuentes DR, Dulawa SC, Osborn O. Identification of adipose tissue transcriptomic memory of anorexia nervosa. Mol Med 2023; 29:109. [PMID: 37582711 PMCID: PMC10428576 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex debilitating disease characterized by intense fear of weight gain and excessive exercise. It is the deadliest of any psychiatric disorder with a high rate of recidivism, yet its pathophysiology is unclear. The Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA) paradigm is a widely accepted mouse model of AN that recapitulates hypophagia and hyperactivity despite reduced body weight, however, not the chronicity. METHODS Here, we modified the prototypical ABA paradigm to increase the time to lose 25% of baseline body weight from less than 7 days to more than 2 weeks. We used this paradigm to identify persistently altered genes after weight restoration that represent a transcriptomic memory of under-nutrition and may contribute to AN relapse using RNA sequencing. We focused on adipose tissue as it was identified as a major location of transcriptomic memory of over-nutririon. RESULTS We identified 300 dysregulated genes that were refractory to weight restroration after ABA, including Calm2 and Vps13d, which could be potential global regulators of transcriptomic memory in both chronic over- and under-nutrition. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the presence of peristent changes in the adipose tissue transcriptome in the ABA mice after weight restoration. Despite being on the opposite spectrum of weight perturbations, majority of the transcriptomic memory genes of under- and over-nutrition did not overlap, suggestive of the different mechanisms involved in these extreme nutritional statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizaldy C Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.
| | - Chanond A Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Daisy R Chilin-Fuentes
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Stephanie C Dulawa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
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Harwood JL. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Conversion to Lipid Mediators, Roles in Inflammatory Diseases and Dietary Sources. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108838. [PMID: 37240183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important components of the diet of mammals. Their role was first established when the essential fatty acids (EFAs) linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were discovered nearly a century ago. However, most of the biochemical and physiological actions of PUFAs rely on their conversion to 20C or 22C acids and subsequent metabolism to lipid mediators. As a generalisation, lipid mediators formed from n-6 PUFAs are pro-inflammatory while those from n-3 PUFAs are anti-inflammatory or neutral. Apart from the actions of the classic eicosanoids or docosanoids, many newly discovered compounds are described as Specialised Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) which have been proposed to have a role in resolving inflammatory conditions such as infections and preventing them from becoming chronic. In addition, a large group of molecules, termed isoprostanes, can be generated by free radical reactions and these too have powerful properties towards inflammation. The ultimate source of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are photosynthetic organisms which contain Δ-12 and Δ-15 desaturases, which are almost exclusively absent from animals. Moreover, the EFAs consumed from plant food are in competition with each other for conversion to lipid mediators. Thus, the relative amounts of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in the diet are important. Furthermore, the conversion of the EFAs to 20C and 22C PUFAs in mammals is rather poor. Thus, there has been much interest recently in the use of algae, many of which make substantial quantities of long-chain PUFAs or in manipulating oil crops to make such acids. This is especially important because fish oils, which are their main source in human diets, are becoming limited. In this review, the metabolic conversion of PUFAs into different lipid mediators is described. Then, the biological roles and molecular mechanisms of such mediators in inflammatory diseases are outlined. Finally, natural sources of PUFAs (including 20 or 22 carbon compounds) are detailed, as well as recent efforts to increase their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
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Eccles JA, Baldwin WS. Detoxification Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in Families 1-3 Produce Functional Oxylipins from Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Cells 2022; 12:82. [PMID: 36611876 PMCID: PMC9818454 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reviews the CYP-mediated production of oxylipins and the current known function of these diverse set of oxylipins with emphasis on the detoxification CYPs in families 1-3. Our knowledge of oxylipin function has greatly increased over the past 3-7 years with new theories on stability and function. This includes a significant amount of new information on oxylipins produced from linoleic acid (LA) and the omega-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the primary CYP responsible for producing specific oxylipins, and a lack of mechanistic insight for some clinical associations between outcomes and oxylipin levels. In addition, the role of CYPs in the production of oxylipins as signaling molecules for obesity, energy utilization, and development have increased greatly with potential interactions between diet, endocrinology, and pharmacology/toxicology due to nuclear receptor mediated CYP induction, CYP inhibition, and receptor interactions/crosstalk. The potential for diet-diet and diet-drug/chemical interactions is high given that these promiscuous CYPs metabolize a plethora of different endogenous and exogenous chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Heintz MM, Eccles JA, Olack EM, Maner-Smith KM, Ortlund EA, Baldwin WS. Human CYP2B6 produces oxylipins from polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduces diet-induced obesity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277053. [PMID: 36520866 PMCID: PMC9754190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors in addition to over consumption lead to obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the United States and worldwide. CYP2B6 is the only human detoxification CYP whose loss is associated with obesity, and Cyp2b-null mice show greater diet-induced obesity with increased steatosis than wildtype mice. However, a putative mechanism has not been determined. LC-MS/MS revealed that CYP2B6 metabolizes PUFAs, with a preference for metabolism of ALA to 9-HOTrE and to a lesser extent 13-HOTrE with a preference for metabolism of PUFAs at the 9- and 13-positions. To further study the role of CYP2B6 in vivo, humanized-CYP2B6-transgenic (hCYP2B6-Tg) and Cyp2b-null mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Compared to Cyp2b-null mice, hCYP2B6-Tg mice showed reduced weight gain and metabolic disease as measured by glucose tolerance tests, however hCYP2B6-Tg male mice showed increased liver triglycerides. Serum and liver oxylipin metabolite concentrations increased in male hCYP2B6-Tg mice, while only serum oxylipins increased in female hCYP2B6-Tg mice with the greatest increases in LA oxylipins metabolized at the 9 and 13-positions. Several of these oxylipins, specifically 9-HODE, 9-HOTrE, and 13-oxoODE, are PPAR agonists. RNA-seq data also demonstrated sexually dimorphic changes in gene expression related to nuclear receptor signaling, especially CAR > PPAR with qPCR suggesting PPARγ signaling is more likely than PPARα signaling in male mice. Overall, our data indicates that CYP2B6 is an anti-obesity enzyme, but probably to a lesser extent than murine Cyp2b's. Therefore, the inhibition of CYP2B6 by xenobiotics or dietary fats can exacerbate obesity and metabolic disease potentially through disrupted PUFA metabolism and the production of key lipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Heintz
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jazmine A. Eccles
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emily M. Olack
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kristal M. Maner-Smith
- Emory Integrated Metabolomics and Lipodomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mackowiak B, Xu M, Lin Y, Guan Y, Seo W, Ren R, Feng D, Jones JW, Wang H, Gao B. Hepatic CYP2B10 is highly induced by binge ethanol and contributes to acute-on-chronic alcohol-induced liver injury. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2163-2176. [PMID: 36224745 PMCID: PMC9771974 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic-plus-binge model of ethanol consumption, where chronically (8-week) ethanol-fed mice are gavaged a single dose of ethanol (E8G1), is known to induce steatohepatitis in mice. However, how chronically ethanol-fed mice respond to multiple binges of ethanol remains unknown. METHODS We extended the E8G1 model to three gavages of ethanol (E8G3) spaced 24 h apart, sacrificed each group 9 h after the final gavage, analyzed liver injury, and examined gene expression changes using microarray analyses in each group to identify mechanisms contributing to liver responses to binge ethanol. RESULTS Surprisingly, E8G3 treatment induced lower levels of liver injury, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis as compared to mice after E8G1 treatment. Microarray analyses identified several pathways that may contribute to the reduced liver injury after E8G3 treatment compared to E8G1 treatment. The gene encoding cytochrome P450 2B10 (Cyp2b10) was one of the top upregulated genes in the E8G1 group and was further upregulated in the E8G3 group, but only moderately induced after chronic ethanol consumption, as confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. Genetic disruption of Cyp2b10 worsened liver injury in E8G1 and E8G3 mice with higher blood ethanol levels compared to wild-type control mice, while in vitro experiments revealed that CYP2b10 did not directly promote ethanol metabolism. Metabolomic analyses revealed significant differences in hepatic metabolites from E8G1-treated Cyp2b10 knockout and WT mice, and these metabolic alterations may contribute to the reduced liver injury in Cyp2b10 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Hepatic Cyp2b10 expression is highly induced after ethanol binge, and such upregulation reduces acute-on-chronic ethanol-induced liver injury via the indirect modification of ethanol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruixue Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jace W. Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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10
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Gessner EE, Shah MH, Ghent BN, Westbrook NE, van den Hurk P, Baldwin WS. The reproductive effects of the cancer chemotherapy agent, Carmofur, on Daphnia magna are mediated by its metabolite, 5-Fluorouracil. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:860-872. [PMID: 35579761 PMCID: PMC9233140 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carmofur is an antineoplastic agent that inhibits ceramidase, a key enzyme in the sphingolipid pathway. Previous research suggests carmofur represses reproductive maturity in Daphnia magna. The purpose of this experiment was to confirm carmofur's effects on fecundity and reproductive maturity over two generations. A chronic toxicity test found reproductive maturity was delayed from 9 to 19 days by 0.80 μM carmofur with a 99.7% drop in reproduction, probably caused by delayed ovarian development. Second generation effects were even greater with 0% reproductive success at 0.40 μM. To our surprise, carmofur was not measured in the media by HPLC 24 h after exposure. Previous research indicated that carmofur is unstable in water and hydrolyzed into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Therefore, the chronic toxicity study was repeated with 5-FU and similar effects on reproductive maturity were observed at similar concentrations despite very different acute toxicities (48 h carmofur LC50 = 1.93 μM; 5-FU LC50 = 207 μM). 5-FU delayed reproductive maturity from 9 to 21 days with a 71.12% drop in reproduction at 0.80 μM and greater effects in the 2nd generation similar to carmofur. 5-FU was found stable in aquatic media and HPLC confirmed 5-FU was hydrolyzed from carmofur within 24 h. In conclusion, carmofur and 5-FU reduce fecundity because they delay reproductive maturity and ovarian development in Daphnia magna. We conclude that the reproductive effects observed after carmofur treatment are primarily mediated by its breakdown product, 5-FU. This further underscores the importance of measuring chemical concentrations and evaluating chemical metabolism and decomposition when determining toxicity, especially of chemotherapeutic agents.Clinical trials registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Gessner
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Manav H Shah
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Bricen N Ghent
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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11
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Olack EM, Heintz MM, Baldwin WS. Dataset of endo- and xenobiotic inhibition of CYP2B6: Comparison to CYP3A4. Data Brief 2022; 41:108013. [PMID: 35282180 PMCID: PMC8914530 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Age- and Diet-Dependent Changes in Hepatic Lipidomic Profiles of Phospholipids in Male Mice: Age Acceleration in Cyp2b-Null Mice. J Lipids 2022; 2022:7122738. [PMID: 35391786 PMCID: PMC8983274 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7122738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in traditional serum lipid profiles are associated with obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Recent lipidomic analysis has indicated changes in serum lipidome profiles, especially in regard to specific phosphatidylcholines, associated with obesity. However, little work has evaluated murine hepatic liver lipidomic profiles nor compared these profiles across age, high-fat diet, or specific genotypes, in this case the lack of hepatic Cyp2b enzymes. In this study, the effects of age (9 months old), high-fat diet (4.5 months old), and the loss of three primarily hepatic xeno- and endobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450 (Cyp) enzymes, Cyp2b9, Cyp2b10, and Cyp2b13 (Cyp2b-null mice), on the male murine hepatic lipidome were compared. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis show that age perturbs hepatic phospholipid profiles and serum lipid markers the most compared to young mice, followed by a high-fat diet and then loss of Cyp2b. Several lipid biomarkers such as PC/PE ratios, PE 38 : 6, and LPC concentrations indicate greater potential for NAFLD and hypertension with mixed effects in Cyp2b-null mice(less NAFLD and greater hypertension-associated markers). Lipid profiles from older mice contain greater total and n-6 fatty acids than normal diet (ND)-fed young mice; however, surprisingly, young Cyp2b-null mice contain high n-6 : n-3 ratios. Overall, the lack of Cyp2b typically enhanced adverse physiological parameters observed in the older (9 mo) mice with increased weight gain combined with a deteriorating cholesterol profile, but not necessarily all phospholipid profiles were adversely perturbed.
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13
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Du G, Cheng X, Zhang Z, Han L, Wu K, Li Y, Lin X. TGF-Beta Induced Key Genes of Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and MiRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks. Front Genet 2021; 12:759596. [PMID: 34899844 PMCID: PMC8656281 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.759596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinical efficacy of osteoporosis therapy is unsatisfactory. However, there is currently no gold standard for the treatment of osteoporosis. Recent studies have indicated that a switch from osteogenic to adipogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) induces osteoporosis. This study aimed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in this process and to identify key genes involved in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in hMSCs to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Methods: Microarray and bioinformatics approaches were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, and the biological functions and pathways of these genes were analyzed. Hub genes were identified, and the miRNA–mRNA interaction networks of these hub genes were constructed. Results: In an optimized microenvironment, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) could promote osteogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. According to our study, 98 upregulated genes involved in osteogenic differentiation and 66 downregulated genes involved in adipogenic differentiation were identified, and associated biological functions and pathways were analyzed. Based on the protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, the hub genes of the upregulated genes (CTGF, IGF1, BMP2, MMP13, TGFB3, MMP3, and SERPINE1) and the hub genes of the downregulated genes (PPARG, TIMP3, ANXA1, ADAMTS5, AGTR1, CXCL12, and CEBPA) were identified, and statistical analysis revealed significant differences. In addition, 36 miRNAs derived from the upregulated hub genes were screened, as were 17 miRNAs derived from the downregulated hub genes. Hub miRNAs (hsa-miR-27a/b-3p, hsa-miR-128-3p, hsa-miR-1-3p, hsa-miR-98-5p, and hsa-miR-130b-3p) coregulated both osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation factors. Conclusion: The upregulated hub genes identified are potential targets for osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs, whereas the downregulated hub genes are potential targets for adipogenic differentiation. These hub genes and miRNAs play important roles in adipogenesis and osteogenesis of hMSCs. They may be related to the prevention and treatment not only of osteoporosis but also of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genfa Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyuan Cheng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linjing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Keliang Wu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shunde Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaosheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Chen M, Chen M, Lu D, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang Z, Wu B. Period 2 Regulates CYP2B10 Expression and Activity in Mouse Liver. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:764124. [PMID: 34887762 PMCID: PMC8650840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP2B10 is responsible for metabolism and detoxification of many clinical drugs. Here, we aimed to investigate a potential role of Period 2 (PER2) in regulating expression of hepatic CYP2B10. Regulatory effects of PER2 on hepatic expression of CYP2B10 and other enzymes were determined using Per2-deficient mice with exons 4-6 deleted (named Per2Del4-6 mice). In vitro and in vivo metabolic activities of CYP2B10 were probed using cyclophosphamide (CPA) as a specific substrate. Regulatory mechanism was investigated using luciferase reporter assays. Genotyping and Western blotting demonstrated loss of wild-type Per2 transcript and markedly reduced PER2 protein in Per2Del4-6 mice. Hepatic expression of a plenty of drug-metabolizing genes (including Cyp2a4/2a5, Cyp2b10, Ugt1a1, Ugt1a9, Ugt2b36, Sult1a1 and Sult1e1) were altered (and majority were down-regulated) in Per2Del4-6 mice. Of note, Cyp2b10, Ugt1a9 and Sult1a1 were three genes considerably affected with reduced expression. Decreased expression of CYP2B10 was translated to reduced metabolism and altered pharmacokinetics of CPA as well as attenuated CPA hepatotoxicity in Per2Del4-6 mice. Positive regulation of CYP2B10 by PER2 was further confirmed in both Hepa-1c1c7 and AML-12 cells. Based on luciferase reporter assays, it was shown that PER2 regulated Cyp2b10 transcription in a REV-ERBα-dependent manner. REV-ERBα was negatively regulated by PER2 (increased REV-ERBα expression in Per2Del4-6 mice) and itself was also a repressor of CYP2B10. In conclusion, PER2 positively regulates CYP2B10 expression and activity in mouse liver through inhibiting its repressor REV-ERBα.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengLin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyi Lu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Koga T, Peters JM. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) for the Treatment or Prevention of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1598-1606. [PMID: 34719638 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive, chronic alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic liver disease. The etiology of alcoholic liver disease is multifactorial and is influenced by alterations in gene expression and changes in fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. These events can lead to steatosis, fibrosis, and eventually to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Many of these functions are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Thus, it is not surprising that PPARs can modulate the mechanisms that cause alcoholic liver disease. While the roles of PPARα and PPARγ are clearer, the role of PPARβ/δ in alcoholic liver disease requires further clarification. This review summarizes the current understanding based on recent studies that indicate that PPARβ/δ can likely be targeted for the treatment and/or the prevention of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Koga
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Health Science and Hygiene, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University
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16
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Wu B, Zhao Q, Li Z, Min Z, Shi M, Nie X, He Q, Gui R. Environmental level bisphenol A accelerates alterations of the reno-cardiac axis by the MAPK cascades in male diabetic rats: An analysis based on transcriptomic profiling and bioinformatics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117671. [PMID: 34435562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In humans and animal models, the kidneys and cardiovascular systems are negatively affected by BPA from the environment. It is considered that BPA have some potential estrogen-like and non-hormone-like properties. In this study, RNA-sequencing and its-related bioinformatics was used as the basic strategy to clarify the characteristic mechanisms of kidney-heart axis remodeling and dysfunction in diabetic male rats under BPA exposure. We found that continuous BPA exposure in diabetic rats aggravated renal impairment, and caused hemodynamic disorders and dysfunctions. There were 655 and 125 differentially expressed genes in the kidney and heart, respectively. For the kidneys, functional annotation and enrichment, and gene set enrichment analyses identified bile acid secretion related to lipid synthesis and transport, and MAPK cascade pathways. For the heart, these bioinformatics analyses clearly pointed to MAPKs pathways. A total of 12 genes and another total of 6 genes were identified from the kidney tissue and heart tissue, respectively. Western blotting showed that exposure to BPA activated MAPK cascades in both organs. In this study, the exacerbated remodeling of diabetic kidney-heart axis under BPA exposure and diabetes might occur through hemodynamics, metabolism disorders, and the immune-inflammatory response, as well as continuous estrogen-like stimulation, with focus on the MAPK cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology (Laboratory of Physiological Science), Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuoneng Li
- Institute of Environment Health and Food Safety, Wuhan Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiteng Min
- Department of Occupational Health, Wuhan Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengdie Shi
- Institute of Environment Health and Food Safety, Wuhan Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinmin Nie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingnan He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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17
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Hamilton MC, Heintz MM, Pfohl M, Marques E, Ford L, Slitt AL, Baldwin WS. Increased toxicity and retention of perflourooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in humanized CYP2B6-Transgenic mice compared to Cyp2b-null mice is relieved by a high-fat diet (HFD). Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112175. [PMID: 33838175 PMCID: PMC8154739 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PFOS is a persistent, fluorosurfactant used in multiple products. Murine Cyp2b's are induced by PFOS and high-fat diets (HFD) and therefore we hypothesized that human CYP2B6 may alleviate PFOS-induced steatosis. Cyp2b-null and hCYP2B6-Tg mice were treated with 0, 1, or 10 mg/kg/day PFOS by oral gavage for 21-days while provided a chow diet (ND) or HFD. Similar to murine Cyp2b10, CYP2B6 is inducible by PFOS. Furthermore, three ND-fed hCYP2B6-Tg females treated with 10 mg/kg/day PFOS died during the exposure period; neither Cyp2b-null nor HFD-fed mice died. hCYP2B6-Tg mice retained more PFOS in serum and liver than Cyp2b-null mice presumably causing the observed toxicity. In contrast, serum PFOS retention was reduced in the HFD-fed hCYP2B6-Tg mice; the opposite trend observed in HFD-fed Cyp2b-null mice. Hepatotoxicity biomarkers, ALT and ALP, were higher in PFOS-treated mice and repressed by a HFD. However, PFOS combined with a HFD exacerbated steatosis in all mice, especially in the hCYP2B6-Tg mice with significant disruption of key lipid metabolism genes such as Srebp1, Pparg, and Hmgcr. In conclusion, CYP2B6 is induced by PFOS but does not alleviate PFOS toxicity presumably due to increased retention. CYP2B6 protects from PFOS-mediated steatosis in ND-fed mice, but increases steatosis when co-treated with a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hamilton
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Melissa M Heintz
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Marisa Pfohl
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Emily Marques
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Lucie Ford
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - William S Baldwin
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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18
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Diamante G, Cely I, Zamora Z, Ding J, Blencowe M, Lang J, Bline A, Singh M, Lusis AJ, Yang X. Systems toxicogenomics of prenatal low-dose BPA exposure on liver metabolic pathways, gut microbiota, and metabolic health in mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106260. [PMID: 33221593 PMCID: PMC7775895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial plasticizer widely found in consumer products, and exposure to BPA during early development has been associated with the prevalence of various cardiometabolic diseases including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. To elucidate the molecular perturbations underlying the connection of low-dose prenatal BPA exposure to cardiometabolic diseases, we conducted a multi-dimensional systems biology study assessing the liver transcriptome, gut microbial community, and diverse metabolic phenotypes in both male and female mouse offspring exposed to 5 μg/kg/day BPA during gestation. Prenatal exposure to low-dose BPA not only significantly affected liver genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, PPAR signaling and fatty acid metabolism, but also affected the gut microbial composition in an age- and sex-dependent manner. Bacteria such as those belonging to the S24-7 and Lachnospiraceae families were correlated with offspring phenotypes, differentially expressed liver metabolic genes such as Acadl and Dgat1, and key drivers identified in our gene network modeling such as Malat1 and Apoa2. This multiomics study provides insight into the relationship between gut bacteria and host liver genes that could contribute to cardiometabolic disease risks upon low-dose BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciel Diamante
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ingrid Cely
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zacary Zamora
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica Ding
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Montgomery Blencowe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Interdepartmental Program of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Lang
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Abigail Bline
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maya Singh
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Dietary Erythrodiol Modifies Hepatic Transcriptome in Mice in a Sex and Dose-Dependent Way. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197331. [PMID: 33020388 PMCID: PMC7582860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrodiol is a terpenic compound found in a large number of plants. To test the hypotheses that its long-term administration may influence hepatic transcriptome and this could be influenced by the presence of APOA1-containing high-density lipoproteins (HDL), Western diets containing 0.01% of erythrodiol (10 mg/kg dose) were provided to Apoe- and Apoa1-deficient mice. Hepatic RNA-sequencing was carried out in male Apoe-deficient mice fed purified Western diets differing in the erythrodiol content. The administration of this compound significantly up- regulated 68 and down-regulated 124 genes at the level of 2-fold change. These genes belonged to detoxification processes, protein metabolism and nucleic acid related metabolites. Gene expression changes of 21 selected transcripts were verified by RT-qPCR. Ccl19-ps2, Cyp2b10, Rbm14-rbm4, Sec61g, Tmem81, Prtn3, Amy2a5, Cyp2b9 and Mup1 showed significant changes by erythrodiol administration. When Cyp2b10, Dmbt1, Cyp2b13, Prtn3 and Cyp2b9 were analyzed in female Apoe-deficient mice, no change was observed. Likewise, no significant variation was observed in Apoa1- or in Apoe-deficient mice receiving doses ranging from 0.5 to 5 mg/kg erythrodiol. Our results give evidence that erythrodiol exerts a hepatic transcriptional role, but this is selective in terms of sex and requires a threshold dose. Furthermore, it requires an APOA1-containing HDL.
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20
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Heintz MM, McRee R, Kumar R, Baldwin WS. Gender differences in diet-induced steatotic disease in Cyp2b-null mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229896. [PMID: 32155178 PMCID: PMC7064244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease; however, progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with most adverse outcomes. CYP2B metabolizes multiple xeno- and endobiotics, and male Cyp2b-null mice are diet-induced obese (DIO) with increased NAFLD. However, the DIO study was not performed long enough to assess progression to NASH. Therefore, to assess the role of Cyp2b in fatty liver disease progression from NAFLD to NASH, we treated wildtype (WT) and Cyp2b-null mice with a normal diet (ND) or choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined high fat diet (CDAHFD) for 8 weeks and determined metabolic and molecular changes. CDAHFD-fed WT female mice gained more weight and had greater liver and white adipose tissue mass than their Cyp2b-null counterparts; males experienced diet-induced weight loss regardless of genotype. Serum biomarkers of liver injury increased in both CDAHFD-fed female and male mice; however CDAHFD-fed Cyp2b-null females exhibited significantly lower serum ALT, AST, and ASP concentrations compared to WT mice, indicating Cyp2b-null females were protected from liver injury. In both genders, hierarchical clustering of RNA-seq data demonstrates several gene ontologies responded differently in CDAHFD-fed Cyp2b-null mice compared to WT mice (lipid metabolism > fibrosis > inflammation). Oil Red O staining and direct triglycerides measurements confirmed that CDAHFD-fed Cyp2b-null females were protected from NAFLD. CDAHFD-fed Cyp2b-null mice showed equivocal changes in fibrosis with transcriptomic and serum markers suggesting less inflammation due to glucocorticoid-mediated repression of immune responses. In contrast to females, CDAHFD-fed Cyp2b-null males had higher triglyceride levels. Results indicate that female Cyp2b-null mice are protected from NAFLD while male Cyp2b-null mice are more susceptible to NAFLD, with few significant changes in NASH development. This study confirms that increased NAFLD development does not necessarily lead to progressive NASH. Furthermore, it indicates a role for Cyp2b in fatty liver disease that differs based on gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Heintz
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Rebecca McRee
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Ramiya Kumar
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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