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Ke J, Wu J, Zhao W, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Tong Q, Guo Z, Wen Y, Li N, Yu F, Xie S, Zhu C, Wang K, Zhang L. Childhood maltreatment and engaging in NSSI for automatic-negative reinforcement: The mediating role of alexithymia and moderating role of help-seeking attitudes. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:295-303. [PMID: 38211755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence indicating that childhood maltreatment is linked to the occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Nevertheless, the association between childhood maltreatment and the automatic-negative reinforcement aspect of NSSI remains understudied. Chapman's (2006) experiential avoidance model posits that the main factor in sustaining NSSI is negative reinforcement, specifically through the avoidance or escape from distressful emotional experiences. The current study examines a conceptual framework based on this theory and the available literature that explores the potential mediation role of alexithymia in the relation between childhood maltreatment and the automatic-negative reinforcement of NSSI. Additionally, this study investigates how this process may be influenced by individuals' attitudes toward seeking professional help. METHODS 3657 adolescents (1616 females) completed questionnaires regarding childhood maltreatment, alexithymia, help-seeking attitudes, the NSSI, and its functions. RESULTS The findings of the study exposed a positive link between childhood maltreatment and the automatic-negative reinforcement of NSSI, with the mediating role of alexithymia. Interestingly, it was unexpected to discover that individuals with high help-seeking attitudes experienced an intensification of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and both alexithymia and the automatic-negative reinforcement of NSSI. LIMITATION The study's cross-sectional design hindered the inference of causality. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that it is crucial to consider the impact of both alexithymia and help-seeking attitudes in adolescents who have experienced maltreatment. These findings hold implications for preventive interventions that target the reduction of NSSI behaviors driven by automatic-negative reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ke
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weixiang Zhao
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuebing Wang
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Tong
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wen
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Nan Li
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Affective Computing & Advanced Intelligent Machine, Hefei, China
| | - Fengqiong Yu
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science of Anhui Province on Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intelligence Intervention, Hefei, China.
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Ni RJ, Yu Y. Relationship between physical activity and risk of depression in a married group. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:829. [PMID: 38491473 PMCID: PMC10943876 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there are many different findings on the relationship between physical activity and depression, and there may be differences between genders. This study therefore focused on gender differences to understand the relationship between physical activity behaviour and the risk of depression in married individuals. METHODS 15607 married people in the China Family Panel Studies 2020 (CFPS 2020) were used to understand the relationship between physical activity and depression risk in different populations, and the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and binary logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between physical activity and depression risk in the married population. RESULTS 527 (6.64%) women were at high risk of depression and 365 (4.76%) men were at high risk of depression; physical activity was associated with the risk of depression in the married population, but after incorporating demographic and relevant cognitive variables, physical activity was negatively associated with the risk of depression in women (OR = 0.94, P < 0.01) but not statistically significant with the risk of depression in men (OR = 0.96, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Physical activity was directly related to the risk of depression in married women, but not in married men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jing Ni
- Physical Education Institute, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Physical Education Institute, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
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Oyekunle V, Gibbs A, Tomita A. Assessing the role of depression in reducing intimate partner violence perpetration among young men living in urban informal settlements using a mediation analysis of the Stepping Stones and Creating Futures intervention. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2188686. [PMID: 36927500 PMCID: PMC10026746 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2188686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stepping Stones and Creating Futures (SS/CF) is a gender transformative and economic empowerment intervention that has effectively reduced the perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) by young men living in informal settlements in South Africa. OBJECTIVE This study examines whether depression mediated the association between SS/CF intervention and decreased IPV. METHOD Data from a two-arm cluster randomised community-based controlled trial that evaluated the effectiveness of SS/CF in lowering IPV were obtained from 674 young men aged 18-30 within urban informal settlements in South Africa. After being randomly assigned to either the experimental arm (SS/CF) or the control arm, the participants were followed up for 24 months. Logistic regression using mediation analysis was conducted to see whether changes in depressive symptoms mediated the association between the intervention and reduced IPV perpetration. RESULTS Findings from the mediation analysis indicated that those assigned to the SS/CF experimental group reported lower depression (β = -0.42, p < 0.05) at 12 months, and this was subsequently associated with reduced IPV (β = 0.43, p < 0.05) at 24 months. The direct path from SS/CF to IPV was originally (β = -0.46, p < 0.01), but reduced in the mediation model to (β = -0.13, p = 0.50). Depressive symptoms mediated the association between the SS/CF intervention and decreased IPV perpetration. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that one pathway through which SS/CF decreased IPV was through improvement in mental health (i.e. depression). Future IPV prevention interventions may consider incorporating components that focus on improving mental health as a way of also reducing IPV perpetration in disadvantaged settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Oyekunle
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew Gibbs
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andrew Tomita
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Matthey S, Reilly N, Mule V, Robinson J, Della Vedova AM, Austin MP. Screening women for distress during pregnancy: the impact of including 'Possibly' as a response option. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2023; 41:528-539. [PMID: 35234553 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2022.2042798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of including the response option of 'Possibly' in the Distress question on the Matthey Generic Mood Questionnaire (MGMQ) during antenatal emotional health screening in English-speaking women. BACKGROUND Some distress screening questions only allow respondents to choose between 'Yes' or 'No' to the presence of distress. The MGMQ, however, allows respondents to chose between 'Yes', 'Possibly', or 'No', which may be preferable if a participant is reluctant to state she definitely feels distressed. METHOD In Study 1, women undergoing routine antenatal psychosocial screening were allocated to either completing the MGMQ Distress question with the usual three-option response format of 'Yes, Possibly, No' (N = 960), or just a 'Yes, No' response format (N = 771). The proportion of responses were compared in each group, as were the proportion then screening positive on the MGMQ's Bother question. In Study 2, women (N = 113) attending routine antenatal clinic appointments were asked about their preference between these response formats. RESULTS Including 'Possibly' resulted in only a slight increase in the proportion giving a positive response to the Distress question, and then also screening positive on the Bother question. In Study 2, a substantial majority of women (80%) preferred having 'Possibly' in the response options. CONCLUSION While the impact of including 'Possibly' is small, it allows for more women to communicate how they are feeling on the full MGMQ. Given the large majority of women preferring having 'Possibly' included, we believe that the Distress Question is enhanced by having this as a response option.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matthey
- Academic Unit of Child Psychaitry, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Reilly
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Perinatal and Women's Mental Health Unit, St John of God Health Care, Sydney, Austalia
| | - V Mule
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Perinatal and Women's Mental Health Unit, St John of God Health Care, Sydney, Austalia
| | - J Robinson
- Academic Unit of Child Psychaitry, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - A M Della Vedova
- Dept of Clinical and Experimental Science (Area Disciplinare Medicina e Chirurgia), University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M-P Austin
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Perinatal and Women's Mental Health Unit, St John of God Health Care, Sydney, Austalia
- Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, Australia
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Chockalingam M, Skinner K, Melvin G, Yap MBH. Modifiable Parent Factors Associated with Child and Adolescent School Refusal: A Systematic Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1459-1475. [PMID: 35397716 PMCID: PMC10435607 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
School refusal is a complex problem that refers to difficulty attending/remaining at school due to emotional distress about attendance. Despite its occurrence being associated with negative outcomes, many are unresponsive to the current treatment options. While parent factors have a key role to play in school refusal, they are not adequately addressed in existing treatments. Further research is needed to consolidate understanding and implement new treatments. Employing the PRISMA method, this review aims to identify modifiable parent factors associated with child and/or adolescent school refusal. Eight studies met inclusion criteria from which nine factors were identified. Factors found to be associated with school refusal included: parent psychopathology, family functioning and maternal overprotection (communication subdomain). Other factors such as maternal overprotection (affection, assistance and travel subdomains) and parental self-efficacy had weak or inconsistent results warranting further investigation. Overall, findings call for action in this field that has sparse and dated literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Chockalingam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kayan Skinner
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Glenn Melvin
- School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Marie B H Yap
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Cooper S, Péloquin T, Lachowsky NJ, Salway T, Oliffe JL, Klassen B, Brennan DJ, Houle J, Ferlatte O. Conformity to Masculinity Norms and Mental Health Outcomes Among Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Two-Spirit, and Queer Men and Non-Binary Individuals. Am J Mens Health 2023; 17:15579883231206618. [PMID: 37886907 PMCID: PMC10612460 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231206618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Homophobia and biphobia negatively impact the mental health of gay, bisexual, trans, Two-Spirit, and queer men and non-binary individuals (GBT2Q) and sexual and gender minority men, but little is known about the impact of gender-related oppression. The current study examines the impact of pressure to conform to masculine norms in Canada-based GBT2Q individuals. Specifically, the associations between (a) gender expression and pressure to be masculine and (b) pressure to be masculine and depression, anxiety, and self-rated mental health were investigated. Drawing from an online national cross-sectional survey of 8,977 GBT2Q individuals and sexual and gender minority men living in Canada aged 15 years or older, 56.4% (n = 5,067) of respondents reported experiencing pressure to conform to masculine norms. Respondents were more likely to report masculine pressure if they were younger than 30 years, described their gender expression as fluid, identified their sexuality as queer, were an ethnoracial minority, and were trans. Pressure to be masculine was associated with increased odds of depression, anxiety, and reporting poor or fair mental health. The current study provides evidence of the detrimental impact of pressure to conform to masculine norms on the mental health of gay, bisexual, trans, Two-Spirit, and queer men and non-binary peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cooper
- École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tristan Péloquin
- École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathan J. Lachowsky
- Community-Based Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Public Health & Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Travis Salway
- Community-Based Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Gender & Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John L. Oliffe
- School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Klassen
- Community-Based Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J. Brennan
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janie Houle
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Community-Based Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Bizzotto N, de Bruijn GJ, Schulz PJ. Buffering against exposure to mental health misinformation in online communities on Facebook: the interplay of depression literacy and expert moderation. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1577. [PMID: 37596592 PMCID: PMC10436646 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proliferation of health misinformation on social media is a growing public health concern. Online communities for mental health (OCMHs) are also considered an outlet for exposure to misinformation. This study explored the impact of the self-reported volume of exposure to mental health misinformation in misinformation agreement and the moderating effects of depression literacy and type of OCMHs participation (expert vs. peer-led). METHODS Participants (n = 403) were recruited in Italian-speaking OCMHs on Facebook. We conducted regression analyses using PROCESS macro (moderated moderation, Model 3). Measures included: the Depression Literacy Questionnaire (Griffiths et al., 2004), the self-reported misinformation exposure in the OCMHs (3 items), and misinformation agreement with the exposure items (3 items). Whether participants were members of expert or peer-led OCMHs was also investigated. RESULTS The final model explained the 12% variance in the agreement. There was a positive and significant relationship between misinformation exposure and misinformation agreement (β = 0.3221, p < .001), a significant two-way interaction between misinformation exposure and depression literacy (β = - 0.2179, p = .0014 ), and between self-reported misinformation exposure and type of OCMH (β = - 0.2322, p = .0254), such that at higher levels of depression literacy and in case of participation to expert-led OCMHs, the relationship misinformation exposure-misinformation agreement was weaker. Finally, a three-way interaction was found (β = 0.2497, p = .0144) that showed that depression literacy moderated the positive relationship between misinformation exposure and misinformation agreement such that the more misinformation participants were exposed to, the more they agreed with it unless they had higher levels of depression literacy; this, however, occurred only if they participated in peer-led groups. CONCLUSIONS Results provide evidence that the more members reported being exposed to mental health misinformation, the more they tended to agree with it, however this was only visible when participants had lower depression literacy and were participating in peer-led OCMHs. Results of this study suggest that both internal factors (i.e., high depression literacy) and external factors (the type of online community individuals were participating in) can buffer the negative effects of misinformation exposure. It also suggests that increasing depression literacy and expert community moderation could curb the negative consequences of misinformation exposure related to mental health. Results will guide interventions to mitigate the effects of misinformation in OCMHs, including encouraging health professionals in their administration and implementing health education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bizzotto
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gert-Jan de Bruijn
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Peter Johannes Schulz
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
- Department of Communication & Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Oyekunle V, Tomita A, Gibbs A. High levels of poor mental health among young men in urban informal settlements in South Africa: a community-based study of social determinants. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2606-2620. [PMID: 35699350 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2088816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Informal settlements (high population density areas at the outskirts of urban areas characterized by lack basic amenities) in South Africa are consequences of apartheid regime's discriminatory migrant labour and spatial policy and continue to grow. Living in informal settlements accompanies a mire of social/health challenges that threatens upward mobility, but few studies exist that document drivers of mental health challenges in these settings. We investigated the prevalence and social determinants of poor mental health for young men in informal settlements adjacent to one of the largest cities that is at the heart of HIV endemic in South Africa. This study involved a cross-sectional study with cluster sampling design of 674 young men aged 18-30 years residing in eThekwini informal settlement communities. We assessed the prevalence, and social determinants, of significant depressive (i.e., depression) and post-traumatic stress (i.e., PTS) symptoms using logistic regression. Given the complex survey design of the study, all analyses were adjusted for clustering. The prevalence of depression and PTS in the sample was 46.8% and 14.4% respectively. Results of the multivariable analyses indicated that severe food insecurity (aOR = 2.98, 95% CI:1.70-5.22), crime perpetration (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI:1.05-3.80), severe adverse childhood event (aOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.05-3.80), traumatic event exposures (aOR = 2.43, 95% CI:1.56-3.80) and problematic alcohol use (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI:1.20-2.49) were significantly associated with depression. While incomplete secondary education (aOR = 0.45, 95% CI:0.22-0.92), moderate food insecurity (aOR = 2.51, 95% CI:1.04-6.06), traumatic event exposures (aOR = 2.19, 95% CI:1.32-3.64) and problematic alcohol use (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.24-3.73) were significantly associated with PTS. Our study highlights the exceedingly high levels of poor mental health among young men in informal settlements, with depression and PTS being driven by economic/social conditions. Multilevel interventions that address the individual, interpersonal, and social variables that contribute to poor mental health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Oyekunle
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew Tomita
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalKwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew Gibbs
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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do Nascimento PPG, de Andrade-Valença LPA. Re-Thinking Subjective Wellbeing of Latin-American and Caribbean Men With Epilepsy: Beyond Sexual Dysfunctions Issues. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605280. [PMID: 36846155 PMCID: PMC9950099 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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Yalim AC, Critelli F. Gender roles among Syrian refugees in resettlement contexts: Revisiting empowerment of refugee women and needs of refugee men. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2022.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Martínez-Nicolás I, Molina-Pizarro CA, Franco AR, Arenas Castañeda PE, Maya C, Barahona I, Martínez-Alés G, Bisquert FA, Delgado-Gomez D, Dervic K, Lopez-Fernandez O, Baca-García E, Barrigón ML. What seems to explain suicidality in Yucatan Mexican young adults? Findings from an app-based mental health screening test using the SMART-SCREEN protocol. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe relationship between suicidality, depression, anxiety, and well-being was explored in young adults (median age 20.7 years) from the State of Yucatan (Mexico), which has a suicide rate double that of other Mexican states. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 20 universities in Yucatan and 9,366 students were surveyed using validated questionnaires built into a smartphone app, applying partial least squares structural equation models. High suicide risk was assessed in 10.8% of the sample. Clinically relevant depression and anxiety levels were found in 6.6% and 10.5% of the sample, respectively, and 67.8% reported high well-being. Comparably higher levels of suicide risk, depression and anxiety, and lower well-being were found in women, who were also somewhat older than men in our study. Furthermore, path analysis in the structural equation model revealed that depression was the main predictor of suicidal behaviour as well as of higher anxiety levels and lower self-perceived well-being in the total sample and in both genders. Our findings draw attention to the association between suicidality, depression, anxiety, and well-being in Yucatan young adults and gender differences with this regard. Mental health screening via smartphone might be a useful tool to reach large populations and contribute to mental health policies, including regional suicide prevention efforts.
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Singer S, Blanck J, Maier L, Tischner CL. „Sie erscheint durch ihr Übergewicht keineswegs entstellt.“. FORUM DER PSYCHOANALYSE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00451-022-00486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungWie nehmen Psychoanalytiker*innen ihre männlichen bzw. weiblichen Patient*innen wahr? Anhand von Textanalysen der Berichte an den Gutachter aus Anträgen zur Kostenübernahme für Psychotherapien untersuchten wir, ob es hierbei geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede gibt. Es wurden 20 Berichte von Patienten und 20 Berichte von Patientinnen qualitativ analysiert, resultierend in 399 kodierten Textsegmenten.Es zeigte sich, dass bei Frauen deutlich häufiger über deren Aussehen (Frisur, Körperbau, Augen, Kleidungsstil und so weiter) geschrieben wird. Auch in der Bewertung des Aussehens zeigten sich Unterschiede: Patientinnen wurden häufiger als hübsch/attraktiv oder als kindlich/jünger wirkend beschrieben, während diese Attribute fast nie bei Männern verwendet wurden. Diese wurden hingegen häufiger als überdurchschnittlich intelligent geschildert.In der Gegenübertragung zeigten sich bei Frauen häufiger Gefühle von Vorsichtig-sein-Müssen, aber auch von Mitgefühl und Sympathie, bei Männern hingegen häufiger der Wunsch, sie zu beschützen und ihnen zu helfen, der Wunsch, sie zu begrenzen, sowie Ärger/Wut.Diese Befunde legen nahe, dass Genderstereotype bei der Wahrnehmung von (und dem Schreiben über) Patient*innen eine wesentliche Rolle spielen.
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Singer S, Engesser D, Wirp B, Lang K, Paserat A, Kobes J, Porsch U, Mittag M, Taylor K, Gianicolo E, Maier L. Effects of a statutory reform on waiting times for outpatient psychotherapy: A multicentre cohort study. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Singer
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI) University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Deborah Engesser
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI) University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Bernhild Wirp
- Community‐based Practice for Psychotherapy Braunschweig Germany
| | - Klaus Lang
- Community‐based Practice for Psychotherapy Munich Germany
| | - Anke Paserat
- Community‐based Practice for Psychotherapy Dresden Germany
| | - Jörg Kobes
- Community‐based Practice for Psychotherapy Jena Germany
| | - Udo Porsch
- Mainz Psychoanalytic Institute (MPI) Mainz Germany
| | - Martina Mittag
- Community‐based Practice for Psychotherapy Stuttgart Germany
| | - Katherine Taylor
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI) University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Emilio Gianicolo
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI) University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council Lecce Italy
| | - Lena Maier
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI) University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
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Brinkley TE, Stites SD, Hunsberger HC, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Li M, Shaaban CE, Thorpe RJ, Kritchevsky SB. Research Centers Collaborative Network Workshop on Sex and Gender Differences in Aging. Innov Aging 2022; 6:igac055. [PMID: 36267320 PMCID: PMC9579719 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging affects men and women differently; however, the impact of sex and gender on the aging process is not well understood. Moreover, these 2 concepts are often conflated, which further contributes to a lack of clarity on this important issue. In an effort to better understand the relevance of sex and gender in aging research, the Research Centers Collaborative Network sponsored a 1.5-day conference on sex and gender differences in aging that brought together key thought leaders from the 6 National Institute on Aging center programs. The meeting included sessions on comparing males and females, pathophysiological differences, sex/gender in clinical care, and gender and health in the social context. Presenters from a wide array of disciplines identified opportunities for multidisciplinary research to address current gaps in the field and highlighted the need for a more systematic approach to understanding the how and why of sex/gender differences, as well as the health implications of these differences and the sex/gender biases that affect clinical treatment and outcomes. This article summarizes the proceedings of the workshop and provides several recommendations to move the field forward, such as better data collection tools to assess the intersection of sex and gender in epidemiological research; a life course perspective with attention to fetal/developmental origins and key life stages; innovative animal models to distinguish contributions from sex hormones versus sex chromosomes; and integration of sex/gender into teaching and clinical practice. Ultimately, successful implementation of these recommendations will require thoughtful investigations across the translational spectrum and increased collaborations among those with expertise in sex and gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina E Brinkley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shana D Stites
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Holly C Hunsberger
- Department of Foundational Science and Humanities, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Mengting Li
- School of Nursing, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - C Elizabeth Shaaban
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Herreen D, Rice S, Ward L, Zajac I. Extending the Male Depression Risk Scale for use with older men: the effect of age on factor structure and associations with psychological distress and history of depression. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1524-1532. [PMID: 34284653 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1947966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Male Depression Risk Scale (MDRS-22) is a self-report scale that assesses externalising and male-typical depression symptoms with promising psychometric properties reported in young-to-middle aged men. However, studies are yet to consider the psychometric properties of the MDRS-22 in older men. This study examined the psychometric properties of the MDRS-22 in both younger and older males and its relationship to prototypic depression symptoms and self-reported depression history. METHOD A community sample of younger (n = 510; 18-64 years) and older (n = 439; 65-93 years) males completed the original 82 MDRS items from which the MDRS-22 was derived, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and provided information regarding previous depression diagnoses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine factor structure. Generalised linear models examined the relationship between externalised and male-typical symptoms with prototypic depression symptoms in younger and older men. RESULTS Model fit indices demonstrated that the MDRS-22 performs well in older males. Results also revealed that the MDRS-22 is associated with prototypic depression symptoms and a previous depression diagnosis in both age groups. CONCLUSION Results support the psychometric validity of the MDRS-22 as a measure of externalising and male-typical depression symptoms in older men. Use of scales such as the MDRS-22 may help to improve the detection of depression in men across the lifespan and may also identify factors that put men at risk of poor physical and mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Herreen
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Health & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lynn Ward
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian Zajac
- Health & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
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16
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Lovelady NN, Zaller ND, Stewart MK, Cheney AM, Porter A, Haynes TF. Characterizing Firearm Assault Injury Among Young Black Men Using Arkansas Hospital Discharge Data. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP12609-NP12633. [PMID: 33711914 PMCID: PMC10426071 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521997947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using statewide hospital discharge data from 2005 to 2014, this study aimed to describe and identify predictors of firearm assault among young Black men ages 18 to 44 in Arkansas. Descriptive analyses of data were performed for patient demographics (age, marital status, residential location, etc.), injury, and health care information (hospital charges, length of stay, mortality, time, day and season of injury, etc.). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant predicting factors for firearm assault among this population. Most of the sample survived firearm assault injury, were ages 18-35, were not married, resided in Central Arkansas, and were admitted to a Central Arkansas hospital during night hours on weekends. The majority had a short hospital stay, and total charges exceeded $34 million during the study observation years. Most patients had no diagnosis of a mental disorder, and a little less than half had drug use disorders. Being ages 18-25, living in the Central region of Arkansas, and being married were all significant predictors of firearm assault for this population. Death was also significantly associated with firearm assault. Our findings lay the groundwork for understanding firearm assault injury among young Black men in Arkansas. Research should be expanded to examine other important data sources for firearm assault and to further explore the context of predicting factors, in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of firearm assault and to better inform future prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Austin Porter
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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17
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Smith DT, Mouzon DM, Elliott M. Hegemonic Masculinity and Mental Health Among Older White Men in the U.S.: The Role of Health and Wealth Decline. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-022-01291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Singer S, Riccetti N, Hempler I, Fried M, Knorrenschild JR, Kalie L, Merbach M, Reiser M, Mosthaf F, Heidt V, Hermes-Moll K. Awareness and use of psychosocial care among cancer patients and their relatives-a comparison of people with and without a migration background in Germany. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:1733-1745. [PMID: 35689688 PMCID: PMC9188276 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We examined how migration background is associated with awareness and usage of psycho-oncology services. Methods Oncologists in community-based practices and outpatient clinics asked their patients and their relatives to complete a questionnaire. Migrants were purposely over-sampled. The questionnaire was provided in Arabic, English, Farsi, French, German, Hindi, Kurdish, Pashto, Russian, Somali, Turkish, Urdu, and Vietnamese. Results From 9 collaborators, 177 participants were enrolled (130 with and 47 without migration background). The existence of outpatient cancer counselling centres was known to 38% of the participants without and 32% with migration background, self-help groups to 32 vs. 12%, and psychotherapy to 43 vs. 25%. Respondents from the Near and Middle East were less likely to know about psychotherapy (odds ratio (OR) 0.1, p = 0.01); those from the Commonwealth of the Independent States or former Yugoslavia were less often informed about self-help groups (OR 0.1, p = 0.06). Migrants retrieved information less frequently from the internet than non-migrants (10 vs. 25%). At least one service had been used by 27% of migrants and 42% of non-migrants (OR 0.5, p = 0.06). After adjusting for gender, age, education, and patient-relative status, there was no evidence for an association between migration background and service use. Conclusions Migrants should be better informed about psychotherapy and self-help groups, in particular the ones coming from the Near or Middle East and the Commonwealth of the Independent States or former Yugoslavia. The under-use of psychosocial services can largely be explained by confounding factors. Therefore, these factors must always be taken into account when analysing the use of psychosocial services in the aforementioned populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-022-04091-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Singer
- Division of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- University Cancer Centre, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nicola Riccetti
- Division of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- University Cancer Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabelle Hempler
- Scientific Institute of Office-Based Haematologists and Oncologists (WINHO), Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Louma Kalie
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Merbach
- Central Institute for Family Counselling, Berlin, Germany
- Association of Binational Families and Couples, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Reiser
- Community-Based Practice for Medical Oncology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franz Mosthaf
- Gemeinschaftspraxis für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Infektiologie, Zentrum für Ambulante Onkologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vitali Heidt
- Scientific Institute of Office-Based Haematologists and Oncologists (WINHO), Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hermes-Moll
- Scientific Institute of Office-Based Haematologists and Oncologists (WINHO), Cologne, Germany
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19
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Riehm KE, Brignone E, Stuart EA, Gallo JJ, Mojtabai R. Diagnoses and Treatment After Depression Screening in Primary Care Among Youth. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:511-518. [PMID: 34801332 PMCID: PMC8940608 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression screening is universally recommended for adolescents presenting in primary care settings in the U.S. However, little is known about how depression screening affects the likelihood of being diagnosed with a mental disorder or accessing mental health care over time. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study used insurance claims data from adolescents who attended a well-visit between 2014 and 2017. Propensity score matching was used to compare adolescents who were screened for depression with similar unscreened adolescents. Diagnoses and treatment uptake were examined over a 6-month follow-up and included depression diagnoses, mood-related diagnoses, antidepressant medications, any mental health medication, and psychotherapy. Heterogeneity of associations by sex was also examined. Analyses were conducted from December 2020 to June 2021. RESULTS The sample included 57,732 adolescents (mean age, 14.26 years; 48.9% female). Compared with adolescents who were not screened for depression, adolescents screened for depression were 30% more likely to be diagnosed with depression (risk ratio=1.30, 95% CI=1.11, 1.52) and 17% more likely to receive a mood-related diagnosis (risk ratio=1.17, 95% CI=1.08, 1.27) but were not more likely to be treated with an antidepressant medication (risk ratio=1.11, 95% CI=0.82, 1.51), any mental health medication (risk ratio=1.15, 95% CI=0.87, 1.53), or psychotherapy (risk ratio=1.13, 95% CI=0.98, 1.31). Associations were generally stronger among female adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who were screened for depression during a well-visit were more likely to receive a diagnosis of depression or a mood-related disorder in the 6 months after screening. Future research should explore methods for increasing treatment uptake after screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira E Riehm
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Emily Brignone
- Data Science Research and Development, Highmark Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth A Stuart
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph J Gallo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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20
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Drew RJ, Morgan PJ, Young MD. Mechanisms of an eHealth program targeting depression in men with overweight or obesity: A randomised trial. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:309-317. [PMID: 34871640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SHED-IT: Recharge study demonstrated that a gender-tailored eHealth program could improve the depressive symptoms of men with overweight or obesity and low mood. This study examined whether changes in key behaviours and cognitions acted as significant mediators of this treatment effect. METHODS The study was a randomised controlled trial (RCT) including 125 men with overweight or obesity (mean (SD) weight 103.8 (15.8) kg), and current depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) ≥ 5; mean (SD) 9.2 (4.1) units). Assessments were held at baseline, 3 months (post-intervention), and 6 months (follow-up). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the validated PHQ-9 and Masculine Depressive Risk Scale (MDRS-22). Behavioural and cognitive mediators were assessed with validated measures. Intention-to-treat mediation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. RESULTS Single mediation analyses demonstrated that the intervention effect on both PHQ-9 and MDRS-22 scores was significantly mediated by changes in MVPA, energy-dense nutrient-poor foods, cognitive flexibility, and behavioural activation. In addition, changes in sleep quality mediated improvements in MDRS-22 scores. No mediation effects were observed for light physical activity, sedentary behaviour, fruit and vegetable intake, risky alcohol consumption or mindfulness. LIMITATIONS The study was a secondary analysis with power to detect moderate-to-large mediation effects only. CONCLUSION To prevent or treat depression in men with overweight or obesity, early evidence suggests MVPA, sleep quality, energy-dense nutrient-poor food intake, cognitive flexibility, and behavioural activation are important intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Drew
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip J Morgan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Myles D Young
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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21
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Pineros-Leano M, Saran I, Parchment TM, Grafft N. Prevalence and predictors of parental depressive episodes: Results from a 15-year longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:255-263. [PMID: 34482057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression affects approximately 7.5 million parents in the United States each year. Parental depression has detrimental consequences for both the parent and the parent-child relationship. The purpose of this study was to: (1) understand the prevalence of parental depressive episodes longitudinally, (2) identify the risk and protective factors for parental depressive episodes, and (3) compare the risk and protective factors for depressive episodes among mothers and fathers. METHODS We used six waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to descriptively examine parental depression over a period of 15 years. We used logistic and fixed effects regressions to assess the association between a number of demographic, health and parenting variables and maternal and paternal depression. RESULTS Our sample was primarily Black (48%) and Hispanic/Latino (27%). Fathers had a slightly lower prevalence of depression compared to mothers at all waves (approximately 13% averaged across waves for fathers, compared to 18% for mothers). Factors negatively correlated with depression among mothers and fathers included: social support, employment, and better-perceived health. Factors positively associated with depression for mothers and fathers were substance misuse and having a parent with a history of depression, anxiety, or drug misuse. LIMITATIONS Our study was unable to identify causal relationships and the directionality of the relationship between depression and other variables of interest. CONCLUSIONS We found that parental depression is prevalent in a sample of predominantly racially minoritized parents. Addressing comorbidities and increasing social support access may help manage parental depression and ensure a healthy child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pineros-Leano
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02457, USA
| | - Indrani Saran
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02457, USA
| | - Tyrone M Parchment
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02457, USA
| | - Natalie Grafft
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02457, USA
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22
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Rassoulian A, Gaiger A, Loeffler-Stastka H. Gender Differences in Psychosocial, Religious, and Spiritual Aspects in Coping: A Cross-Sectional Study with Cancer Patients. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2021; 2:464-472. [PMID: 34841392 PMCID: PMC8617579 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is a growing awareness of religiosity and/or spirituality (R/S) as a possible resource in coping with cancer. Gender differences in religious coping have not yet been thoroughly examined. This study aimed to analyze differences in religious coping between men and women with cancer and compare the impact of R/S on anxiety and depression symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Divisions of Hematology and Oncology of the Medical University of Vienna. In total, 352 patients with a cancer diagnosis, who regarded themselves as religious and/or spiritual, were interviewed at Vienna's university hospital with standardized questionnaires. To answer our research questions, we used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Benefit Through Spirituality/Religiosity (Benefit) questionnaire, and collected demographic characteristics. Results: Of 689 cancer patients, 51% (352) regard themselves as religious and/or spiritual. Women with cancer tend toward R/S more significantly (57%) than men (45%). In patients with an R/S belief, women scored higher in almost all items of the Benefit questionnaire and showed higher prevalence of anxiety (p < 0.001) and depression than men. Regarding the socioeconomic characteristics, more women were widowed, and had significantly lower income than men. Conclusions: The results show a significant gender gap concerning the importance of R/S for cancer patients and the effect on psychological well-being. Women in this study were more religious/spiritual than men and scored higher on anxiety and depression. We support the notion that the gender perspective is essential and can contribute to better patient care in identifying gender-specific concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Rassoulian
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Gaiger
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Association between Self-Perceived Social Support in the Workplace and the Presence of Depressive/Anxiety Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910330. [PMID: 34639639 PMCID: PMC8508368 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of support from colleagues and supervisors at the workplace on depressive and anxiety symptoms in wage earners from Korea. The data used in this study were from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) conducted in 2017 and analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Furthermore, we measured the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of depressive and anxiety symptoms by stratifying covariates. The ORs of depressive and anxiety symptoms for the “non-support” group were higher than for the “support group” in terms of support from both colleagues and supervisors. The results of the stratified analysis of covariates, male, young, highly-educated, full-time, and white-collar groups were associated with the lack of support. Support from colleagues and supervisors was significantly associated with the Korean wage worker’s mental health—depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Further longitudinal and clinical studies on the relationship between mental health and support at the workplace are required.
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24
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Horikoshi N, Maeda M, Harigane M, Iwasa H, Murakami M, Momoi M, Goto S, Yasumura S. Vulnerability of Evacuees Having No One to Consult after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910075. [PMID: 34639377 PMCID: PMC8508194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
After the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in 2011, caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, some evacuees had no one to consult despite many local care providers offering assistance. This study identified the characteristics of individuals who did not receive consultations and the relevant determinants, and proposed the available measures to address this issue. Altogether, 32,699 participants aged 16 years or older and residing in the disaster area at Fukushima were surveyed. Those with no one to consult showed a significantly higher prevalence of psychological distress (16.2%, p < 0.001) and drinking problems (21.5%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that these behaviors were associated with the middle age group (i.e., 40–64 years old) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.46), men (OR = 2.46; 95% CI, 2.27–2.66), bad financial circumstances (OR = 2.11; 95% CI, 1.96–2.27), and living alone (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.39–1.68). This research verifies that people with such characteristics were more likely to be isolated and vulnerable to psychiatric problems, such as depression. We suggest that it is integral for local care providers to recognize those who have no one to consult and provide targeted support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Horikoshi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-24-581-5365
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mayumi Harigane
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hajime Iwasa
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Michio Murakami
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Maho Momoi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Saori Goto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.); (H.I.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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25
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NishanthaVadysinghe A, Thambirajah B, Denniss KM. Abuse of defibrillator pads: Suicide by electrocution. J Forensic Leg Med 2021; 83:102252. [PMID: 34537515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a Case of a medical professional, with a very good knowledge of emergency medical devices, who committed suicide using defibrillator pads to electrocute. The decedent attached the defibrillator pads in the standard position on his chest and manually connected the terminals to an extension cord through an additional switching device. When he switched on the device, electricity passed through his heart. The autopsy showed attached defibrillator pads and severe skin burns beneath it. Scene findings were consistent with suicide. The cause of death was electrocution and manner of death was suicide. Suicide by electrocution is uncommon and suicide by electrocution using defibrillator pads has not been reported in English literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal NishanthaVadysinghe
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Balachandra Thambirajah
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner/ Associate Clinical Professor in the Department of Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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26
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Streb J, Ruppel E, Möller-Leimkühler AM, Büsselmann M, Franke I, Dudeck M. Gender-Specific Differences in Depressive Behavior Among Forensic Psychiatric Patients. Front Psychol 2021; 12:639191. [PMID: 34489775 PMCID: PMC8417531 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.639191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women are almost twice as likely to develop depression than men, but men commit suicide more often. One explanation for this paradox is that current depression inventories do not fully capture typical male symptoms of depression. Several studies showed that most depression symptoms in men are masked by externalizing behaviors, such as aggressiveness, addiction, and risky behavior. Here, we explored the differences in depression symptoms between men and women in a forensic psychiatric sample. Methods We screened 182 forensic psychiatric patients and selected a matched sample (21 women and 21 men). External symptoms of depression were assessed with the Gender-Sensitive Depression Screening (GSDS) and internal symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory Revision. Results Although externalizing behaviors were similar in both groups, we found a significant relationship between external and internal depression symptoms only in men. In addition, male forensic patients with a history of suicide had higher scores in the GSDS, whereas female patients with a history of suicide had higher scores in the Beck Depression Inventory Revision. Discussion The finding that the GSDS detected depression symptoms in men indicates that this instrument might be useful for developing assessments to prevent suicide in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Streb
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elena Ruppel
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Michael Büsselmann
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Irina Franke
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric Services of Grisons, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Dudeck
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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27
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Profiles of mental health help seeking among Australian adolescent males. J Adolesc 2021; 92:34-45. [PMID: 34416479 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent males are at increased risk of mental illness and are reluctant to engage in treatment. This study aims to identify subgroups of help-seeking intentions among a sample of Australian male adolescents. METHODS A sample of 1038 male adolescent sport participants in Australia (age M = 14.69 years, SD = 1.35) reported help-seeking intentions from ten sources and from 'no one'. Latent profile analysis was conducted based on these 11 items. Identified profiles were then compared across mental health measures. RESULTS Four latent profiles were identified: Low general help-seekers (10.5%), Moderate general help-seekers (46.8%), High general help-seekers (25.5%), High family and friends help-seekers (17.2%). Low, Moderate, and High general help-seekers had uniformly low, moderate, and high intentions to seek help from all sources, respectively. High family and friends help-seekers reported high endorsement of intentions to seek help from intimate partners, friends, parents, and other relatives, but low intentions for other sources. Low general help-seekers had lower intentions to seek help from parents compared to all other profiles. They also had significantly lower perceived family support and higher psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Low general help-seekers were particularly reluctant to seek help from all sources and at high risk of experiencing psychological difficulties. Their distinct profile offers potential to identify this high-risk group through the use of ratings on the parent help-seeking intentions item. Further research should investigate the predictive utility of this item on help-seeking and mental health, and should consider the influence of masculinity and previous experiences of help-seeking.
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28
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Liddle SK, Vella SA, Deane FP. Attitudes about mental illness and help seeking among adolescent males. Psychiatry Res 2021; 301:113965. [PMID: 34023672 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent males are at particularly high risk of mental health problems and suicide. However, many in need are left undetected and untreated, and rates of help-seeking are low. To help explain this unmet need, the current study aimed to utilise Exploratory Factor Analysis to validate a measure of help-seeking attitudes using 16 items of the Mental Health Literacy Scale. Convergent validity was assessed through correlations of the factors with other measures capturing aspects of mental health literacy and psychological distress. Male adolescent sport participants (N=361) aged between 12 and 18 years participated in the study. The results revealed a distinct four-factor structure: social distance, stigmatising attitudes, confidence accessing information about mental health, and negative help-seeking attitudes. Each factor had satisfactory levels of internal consistency. The patterns of relationships suggest that the four factors may differentiate between important influencers of mental health help-seeking. The measure is brief and is likely to have high utility in measuring attitudes about mental illness and help-seeking among adolescent males. This may have implications for understanding the processes that could influence or improve help-seeking amongst this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Liddle
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, NSW Australia 2522.
| | - Stewart A Vella
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, NSW Australia 2522
| | - Frank P Deane
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, NSW Australia 2522
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29
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Tapson K, Doyle M, Karagiannopoulos V, Lee P. Understanding Moral Injury and Belief Change in the Experiences of Police Online Child Sex Crime Investigators: an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. JOURNAL OF POLICE AND CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 37:637-649. [PMID: 34226793 PMCID: PMC8241533 DOI: 10.1007/s11896-021-09463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the psychological and physiological impacts of moral injury within organizational contexts such as Internet Child Abuse Teams (hereafter abbreviated to ICAT), who are repeatedly exposed to trauma through viewing and grading graphic images of children being sexually abused. The aims of the current research were to explore the key features of, and contributing factors to, moral injury and trauma as experienced by Internet Child Abuse Teams, how these manifested and how these factors can be mitigated. Six participants were recruited from ICATs located at two police constabularies. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings indicated that the moral injury experienced by the participants was predominantly attributable to repeated exposure to traumatising images, with too little decompression time. Dysfunctional coping mechanisms, most commonly substance misuse, cognitive avoidance of distressing thoughts and emotional numbing, amplified the psychological and physical symptoms of anxiety. For many ICAT investigators, such tactics were attempts to manage the moral violations arising from their work and experienced as moral injury. These findings will be used to inform psychological review systems and interventions within policing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Tapson
- Creative and Cultural Industries, University of Portsmouth, Room 3.19, Eldon Building, Middle Street, Portsmouth, PO1 2DJ Hampshire UK
| | - Mark Doyle
- Occupational Health, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Peter Lee
- Creative and Cultural Industries, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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30
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Griffith DM, Holliday CS, Enyia OK, Ellison JM, Jaeger EC. Using Syndemics and Intersectionality to Explain the Disproportionate COVID-19 Mortality Among Black Men. Public Health Rep 2021; 136:523-531. [PMID: 34161180 DOI: 10.1177/00333549211026799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Griffith
- Racial Justice Institute, Center for Men's Health Equity, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Health Systems Administration, School of Nursing & Health Studies, Washington, DC, USA.,5718 Center for Research on Men's Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Okechuku K Enyia
- 233231 Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer M Ellison
- 5718 Center for Research on Men's Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily C Jaeger
- 5718 Center for Research on Men's Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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31
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Wolicki SB, Bitsko RH, Cree RA, Danielson ML, Ko JY, Warner L, Robinson LR. Mental Health of Parents and Primary Caregivers by Sex and Associated Child Health Indicators. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2021; 2:125-139. [PMID: 36523952 PMCID: PMC9749862 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-021-00037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Poor mental health among parents or primary caregivers is associated with poor mental and physical health in children; however, research often excludes the mental health of male caregivers including fathers. This analysis examines associations between caregiver mental health by caregiver sex and child health indicators (i.e., child's general health; child's history of diagnosed mental, behavioral, or developmental disorders (MBDDs)). Using parent-reported data on 97,728 US children aged 0-17 years from the National Survey of Children's Health (2016-2018), we estimated nationally representative, weighted proportions of children with parents or primary caregivers with poor mental health by caregiver sex, prevalence ratios (PR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for child health indicators by caregiver mental health and sex. Nationally, 7.2% of children had at least one caregiver with poor mental health; 2.8% had any male caregiver; and 5.1% had any female caregiver with poor mental health. Compared to children with all male caregivers with good mental health, children with any male caregiver with poor mental health were more likely to have poor general health (PR: 4.9, CI: 3.0-8.0) and have ≥1 diagnosed MBDDs (PR: 1.9, CI: 1.7-2.1); this remained significant when controlling for caregiver and household characteristics. Findings were similar when comparing children with any female caregiver with poor mental health to children with all female caregivers with good mental health. Our findings support previously published recommendations that promoting mental health among all types of caregivers by addressing gaps in research on fathers and male caregivers may further promote child health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beth Wolicki
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention Research Participation Programs, Oak Ridge, TN,
USA
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National
Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca H. Bitsko
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National
Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robyn A. Cree
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National
Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa L. Danielson
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National
Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jean Y. Ko
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for
Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lee Warner
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for
Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lara R. Robinson
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National
Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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32
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Macdonald JA, Greenwood CJ, Letcher P, Spry EA, Mansour K, McIntosh JE, Thomson KC, Deane C, Biden EJ, Edwards B, Hutchinson D, Cleary J, Toumbourou JW, Sanson AV, Olsson CA. Parent and Peer Attachments in Adolescence and Paternal Postpartum Mental Health: Findings From the ATP Generation 3 Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:672174. [PMID: 34122266 PMCID: PMC8195233 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.672174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: When adolescent boys experience close, secure relationships with their parents and peers, the implications are potentially far reaching, including lower levels of mental health problems in adolescence and young adulthood. Here we use rare prospective intergenerational data to extend our understanding of the impact of adolescent attachments on subsequent postpartum mental health problems in early fatherhood. Methods: At age 17–18 years, we used an abbreviated Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment to assess trust, communication, and alienation reported by 270 male participants in their relationships with mothers, fathers, and peers. More than a decade later, we assessed the adult males, now fathers, at 12 months postpartum (N = 409 infant offspring) for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Logistic regression was used to examine the extent to which attachment dimensions predicted paternal postpartum mental health, adjusting for potential confounding, and with assessment for interactions between parent and peer attachments. Results: Trust in mothers and peers, and good communication with fathers during adolescence, were associated with 5 to 7 percentage point reductions in postpartum mental health symptoms in early fatherhood. Weak evidence of parent-peer interactions suggested secure attachments with either parent or peer may compensate for an insecure attachment with the other. Conclusions: Our results suggest that fostering trust and communication in relationships that adolescent boys have with parents and peers may have substantial effects on rates of paternal postpartum mental health problems. The protective benefits may be preventative in intergenerational cycles of risk for mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui A Macdonald
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J Greenwood
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Primrose Letcher
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Spry
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kayla Mansour
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer E McIntosh
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The Bouverie Centre, School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kimberly C Thomson
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Camille Deane
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ebony J Biden
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Edwards
- Centre for Social Research and Methods, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joyce Cleary
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ann V Sanson
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Oberoi D, Martopullo C, Bultz BD, Carlson LE. The effectiveness of a men-only supportive expressive group therapy intervention for psychosocial health outcomes in gastrointestinal cancer patients: a 6-month longitudinal study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:47. [PMID: 33546718 PMCID: PMC7866473 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of gastrointestinal cancer (GI) patients suffer from side effects of cancer treatment that can affect their mood states and quality of life. Despite its demonstrated effectiveness in female cancer patients, Supportive Expressive Group Therapy (SEGT) has not been tested in male cancer patients. The current study sought to examine the longitudinal effects of a professionally-led, men-only SEGT on mood states, coping, and quality of life (QoL) in male GI cancer patients. METHODS A sample of male GI cancer patients (n = 31), at different stages of cancer treatment, was recruited from an ongoing, men-only biweekly GI cancer SEGT. Data were collected at baseline (before or near the beginning of group attendance) and at three months and six months follow-up. All study outcomes were patient-reported and included socio-demographic data as well as validated questionnaires: Profile of Mood States (POMS) for mood states, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) for QoL, and Ways of Coping-Cancer Version (WOC) for coping. Linear mixed models were used to examine the change in outcomes over time. Effect sizes were estimated using Cohen's d. RESULTS The Anxiety (p = .04; d = 0.70), Depression (p = .03; d = 0.93) and Anger (p = .04; d = 1.28) subscales of the POMS decreased between baseline and six months. Participants also reported improvements in coping through Distancing (distancing oneself from negative thoughts, being more accepting of the situation, and looking for positives) of the WOC (p = .04; d = 0.4) between baseline and six months. There was no change in any of the FACT subscales (QoL) over time. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to investigate the effects of a SEGT intervention in male cancer patients. Participation in the intervention was associated with improved mood states and coping in male GI cancer patients; however, there was no change in measures of QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Oberoi
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Cancer Control AB, Tom Baker Cancer Centre Holy Cross Site, 2202 2nd St. SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C1, Canada
| | - Celestina Martopullo
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Cancer Control AB, Tom Baker Cancer Centre Holy Cross Site, 2202 2nd St. SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C1, Canada
| | - Barry D Bultz
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Cancer Control AB, Tom Baker Cancer Centre Holy Cross Site, 2202 2nd St. SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C1, Canada
| | - Linda E Carlson
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Cancer Control AB, Tom Baker Cancer Centre Holy Cross Site, 2202 2nd St. SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C1, Canada.
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34
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Gibbs A, Dunkle K, Ramsoomar L, Willan S, Jama Shai N, Chatterji S, Naved R, Jewkes R. New learnings on drivers of men's physical and/or sexual violence against their female partners, and women's experiences of this, and the implications for prevention interventions. Glob Health Action 2020; 13:1739845. [PMID: 32202227 PMCID: PMC7144308 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1739845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding the drivers of intimate partner violence (IPV), perpetrated by men and experienced by women, is a critical task for developing effective prevention programmes.Objectives: To provide a comprehensive assessment of the drivers of IPV.Methods: A comprehensive review of the drivers of IPV, at the end of a six-year programme of research through the What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls Global Programme with reference to other important research in the field.Results: Broadly, we argue that IPV is driven by poverty, patriarchal privilege, and the normative use of violence in interpersonal relationships. These factors also increase childhood trauma, poor mental health and substance misuse, and poor communication and conflict in relationships, which in turn impact on IPV. Disability status, and contexts of armed conflict, or post-conflict, further reinforce and exacerbate these risks. We move beyond describing associations towards describing the causal pathways through which these factors operate to increase IPV.Conclusions: Specific recommendations about the future of further research on drivers of IPV include a greater focus on understanding the causal pathways from drivers to IPV and clearly delineating association from causality in studies, particularly for women and girls with disabilities, in armed conflicts, and adolescent girls and young women. To achieve this, we recommend extensive in-depth qualitative research, and complex quantitative modeling studies. Understanding drivers and causal pathways better will enable the identification of points of entry for the development of more effective IPV prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gibbs
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kristin Dunkle
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Leane Ramsoomar
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Samantha Willan
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nwabisa Jama Shai
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sangeeta Chatterji
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruchira Naved
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, Icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rachel Jewkes
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Office of the Executive Scientist, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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35
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Screening for Early Signs of Paternal Perinatal Affective Disorder in Expectant Fathers: A Cluster Analysis Approach. J Pers Med 2020; 11:jpm11010010. [PMID: 33374704 PMCID: PMC7822454 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies documented gender-related differences in the expression of Perinatal Affective Disorders. However, little attention has been paid to screening the male population during the perinatal period. This study was based on three aims: (1) to investigate the mental health of expectant fathers based on their levels of depression, anxiety, addiction, anger attacks/hostility, and somatization, identifying psychological profiles; (2) to analyze the association between these profiles and the individual variable of perceived stress; (3) and to examine the association between these profiles and the couple’s variable of marital adjustment. A total of 350 Italian expectant fathers in the last trimester of pregnancy were asked to fill in questionnaires concerning perceived stress, dyadic adjustment, psychiatric symptomatology, and depression. Three different clusters were found: “psychologically healthy men” (68%) with low levels of symptoms on all the scales; “men at risk of externalized behavioral problems” (17.1%), characterized by one or more addictive or risky behaviors and moderate levels of scales scores; and “men experiencing psychological distress” (14.9%), with the highest scores on all the scales. A significant association emerged among the perceived stress, marital adjustment, and cluster membership. These results highlight the importance of screening fathers in perinatal health services, which are still predominantly mother-centered, and underscore the necessity to create tailored and personalized interventions.
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36
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Sharp P, Bottorff JL, Oliffe JL, Hunt K, Caperchione CM. Process evaluation of HAT TRICK: feasibility, acceptability and opportunities for programme refinement. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2020; 35:605-617. [PMID: 33099636 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Preventive lifestyle interventions are needed to address challenges in engaging men in conventional health programmes. This process evaluation examined the feasibility and acceptability of HAT TRICK, a gender-sensitized programme targeting physical activity, healthy eating and social connectedness. A mixed-methods approach was utilized to examine the effectiveness of recruitment and selection processes, facilitators' experiences and challenges and participant experiences with the programme. Evaluation measures included participant flow data and baseline assessments, facilitator debriefs, a post-intervention process evaluation questionnaire and telephone interviews with a subsample of participants. Participants (n = 62) were overweight (body mass index [BMI] > 25 kg m-2) and inactive (<150 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA] per week) men with a mean age 51 ± 10.1 years. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction, acceptability and engagement with the intervention programme, content and resources. Facilitators noted the importance of creating a friendly, non-judgemental environment and observed that intervention content was best received when delivered in an interactive and engaging manner. Future programme refinements should consider strategies for strengthening social support, as well as opportunities for leveraging participants' interest in other health-related issues (e.g. mental health). Findings yield valuable information about the implementation of gender-sensitized interventions for men and demonstrate the importance of male-specific engagement strategies for reaching and engaging overweight, inactive men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sharp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joan L Bottorff
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Hunt
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Cristina M Caperchione
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Macdonald JA, Greenwood CJ, Francis LM, Harrison TR, Graeme LG, Youssef GJ, Di Manno L, Skouteris H, Fletcher R, Knight T, Williams J, Milgrom J, Olsson CA. Profiles of Depressive Symptoms and Anger in Men: Associations With Postpartum Family Functioning. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:578114. [PMID: 33329118 PMCID: PMC7719778 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that men commonly experience depression as feelings of anger; yet, research has not investigated what this means for the manifestation of depressive symptoms in the early years of fatherhood and for key indicators of family functioning. Methods: Using data from a longitudinal cohort study of men at the normative age for entering fatherhood (28-32 years), we conducted latent class analyses to identify patterns of depressive symptoms and 3 sub-types of state anger (feeling; verbal; physical). We then assessed whether class membership was associated with paternity status (n = 535). In a subsample of fathers of infants aged up to 18 months (n = 162), we prospectively assessed associations with paternal-infant bonding, co-parenting, perceived social support, paternal involvement in childcare and alcohol use up to 2 years later. Results: Five classes emerged that differentiated men by anger and depressive symptom severity and by the degree to which men endorsed the feeling of wanting to express anger physically. Compared to the reference class with minimal symptoms, fathers had a higher probability of being in either the mild or most severe symptom classes. Men in symptomatic classes were at higher risk of lower levels of social support, co-parenting problems, and paternal-infant bonds. Class membership was not associated with alcohol use or paternal involvement in childcare. Conclusions: Our results reveal patterns of co-existing symptoms of depression and anger in fathers of infants that will be relevant to men's own need for support, their family safety, partner mental health and child developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui A. Macdonald
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Greenwood
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren M. Francis
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Tessa R. Harrison
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Liam G. Graeme
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - George J. Youssef
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura Di Manno
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Fletcher
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Family Action Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Tess Knight
- Cairnmillar Institute, Hawthorn East, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne Williams
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeannette Milgrom
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig A. Olsson
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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38
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Allen A, Mulgrew KE. Differential media effects on male body satisfaction and mood. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Allen
- School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Kate E. Mulgrew
- School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia,
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Rydberg Sterner T, Gudmundsson P, Falk H, Seidu N, Ahlner F, Wetterberg H, Rydén L, Sigström R, Östling S, Zettergren A, Kern S, Waern M, Skoog I. Depression in relation to sex and gender expression among Swedish septuagenarians-Results from the H70 study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238701. [PMID: 32925927 PMCID: PMC7489509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the role of gender expression (femininity, masculinity, or androgyny) in relation to sex differences in depression. This study tested if gender expression was associated with depression and burden of depressive symptoms in a 70-year-old population. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based sample of 70-year-olds from The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study (n = 1203) was examined in 2014-16. Data were collected using psychiatric examinations and structured questionnaires, including the Positive-Negative Sex-Role Inventory to assess gender expression. Depression was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, and symptom burden was assessed with Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS Gender expression was related to MADRS score and depression diagnosis. In fully adjusted models, feminine traits with low social desirability (FEM-) were associated with a higher MADRS score (R2 0.16; B 0.16; CI 0.1-0.2), while androgyny (t ratio) (R2 0.12; B 0.42; CI 0.1-0.7) and masculine traits with high social desirability (MAS+) (R2 0.13; B -0.06; CI -0.1--0.01) were associated with a lower MADRS score. Also, feminine traits with low social desirability (FEM-) were positively associated with depression (OR 1.04; CI 1.01-1.1). No associations between depression and masculinity or androgyny were observed in adjusted models. There were no interactions between sex and gender expression in relation to depression or MADRS score, indicating that the effects of gender expression were similar in men and women. CONCLUSIONS We found that gender expression was associated to both depression and burden of depressive symptoms. More specifically, we found that femininity was associated to higher levels of depression, irrespective of biological sex. In addition, masculinity and androgyny were associated with lower levels of depression. These results highlight the importance of taking gender expression into consideration when studying sex differences in depression among older populations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Rydberg Sterner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Pia Gudmundsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hanna Falk
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nazib Seidu
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Felicia Ahlner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hanna Wetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lina Rydén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Robert Sigström
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Svante Östling
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Barrigon ML, Cegla-Schvartzman F. Sex, Gender, and Suicidal Behavior. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 46:89-115. [PMID: 32860593 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter reviews gender differences in suicide, commonly known as the gender paradox in suicide. While men are more likely to complete suicide, suicide attempts are more frequent in women. Although there are exceptions, this paradox occurs in most countries over the world, and it is partially explained by the preference of men for more lethal methods. Nevertheless, there are differences in the known risk factors for suicide between men and women, and this chapter summarizes the more relevant findings for the gender paradox. Apart from previous attempts, which still is the strongest predictor of death by suicide, with a higher rate in males than in females, we will emphasize in the role of male depression. It is commonly recognized that over 90% of people who die by suicide had a psychiatric diagnosis, mostly depression, and male depression seems to be a distinct clinical phenotype challenging to recognize, which might contribute to the gender paradox. Finally, in light of all the information reviewed, some recommendations on prevention of suicide from a gender perspective in the clinical setting will be made.
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41
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Drew RJ, Morgan PJ, Pollock ER, Young MD. Impact of male-only lifestyle interventions on men's mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13014. [PMID: 32181565 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite rising mental health problems worldwide, engaging men to seek mental health support is challenging. Male-only lifestyle interventions have shown promise for improving men's physical health, but the overall impact of these programs on psychological outcomes is unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the impact of male-only lifestyle interventions on men's mental health and to identify if any study or intervention features were associated with effectiveness. A systematic literature search with no date restrictions was conducted across four databases and returned 15 946 citations. Nine studies were eligible for inclusion, representing 1427 participants. Risk of bias was generally low across studies, although none were specifically powered to detect changes in mental health. Overall, significant group-by-time effects were reported for 26% of mental health outcomes examined. In the fixed-effects meta-analyses, small-to-medium intervention effects were observed for mental health-related quality of life (SMD = 0.24), self-esteem (SMD = 0.51), and positive affect (SMD = 0.58). Insights into effective study or intervention features were limited because of the low number of heterogeneous studies. Although male-only lifestyle interventions have improved men's mental health in some circumstances, studies that are specifically powered to detect long-term changes are urgently required, particularly in groups with pre-existing mental health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Drew
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip J Morgan
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma R Pollock
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Myles D Young
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Reczek C, Thomeer MB, Gebhardt-Kram L, Umberson D. "Go See Somebody": How Spouses Promote Mental Health Care. SOCIETY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2020; 10:80-96. [PMID: 33224557 PMCID: PMC7676732 DOI: 10.1177/2156869319834335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study considers when, whether, and how spouses encourage professional mental health care by analyzing qualitative data from 90 in-depth interviews with gay, lesbian, and heterosexual spouses. Findings show that a majority of spouses are engaged in promoting each other's mental health care but that the strategies used to promote care vary by gender and the gender composition of the couple. The majority of gay men and lesbian women promote care by framing mental health problems as largely biochemical, fixable only with professional care or medicine, and work to destigmatize this care. Lesbian women uniquely emphasize the influence of a spouse's symptoms on marital quality as a reason to pursue care. Some heterosexual women and men also report seeing their spouse's mental health care as something for them to deal with on their own and thus do not encourage care. This study has important implications for researchers looking to understand why some individuals seek mental health care and others do not and provides policymakers insight into mental health interventions via spouses.
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Balsamo M, Saggino A, Carlucci L. Tailored Screening for Late-Life Depression: A Short Version of the Teate Depression Inventory (TDI-E). Front Psychol 2019; 10:2693. [PMID: 31866900 PMCID: PMC6906150 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of assessment instruments have been developed as efficacy measures of geriatric depression in clinical trials but most showed several weaknesses, such as time-consuming administration, development and validation in younger populations, and lack of discrimination between anxiety and depression. Among the extant self-report measures of depression, the 21-item Teate Depression Inventory (TDI; Balsamo and Saggino, 2013), developed via Rasch analysis, showed a satisfactory level of diagnostic accuracy, and allowed the reduction of false positives in test scoring in adult population. The present study explored the potential improvement in the psychometric performance of the TDI in the elderly by item refinement through Rasch analysis in a sample of 836 elderly people (49.5% males; mean age = 73.28; SD = 6.56). A resulting shorter version was composed of the best-fitting and discriminative nine items from the full form. The Teate Depression Inventory (TDI-E) (E for elderly) presented good internal construct validity, with unidimensional structure, local dependency, good reliability (person separation index and Cronbach's alpha), and no signs of differential item functioning or measurement bias due to gender and age (65 vs. 75+ years). Cut-off points and normative data provided could enhance the clinical usefulness of the TDI-E, which seems to be a promising valid and reliable tool for the screening of geriatric depression, with less risk of finding false positives due to overlapping of depression in elderly with other comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balsamo
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi G. d’Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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44
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Peretz T, Lehrer J. The Men's Story Project: Promoting Healthy Masculinities via Men's Public, Personal Narrative-Sharing. GLOBAL SOCIAL WELFARE : RESEARCH, POLICY & PRACTICE 2019; 6:245-257. [PMID: 31929962 PMCID: PMC6953968 DOI: 10.1007/s40609-018-00133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Men's Story Project (MSP) is a scalable social and behavior change communication initiative that fosters critical reflection and dialogue about masculinities by creating public forums where men share non-fiction, personal narratives that challenge male norms and model healthy, gender-equitable masculinities. Via focus groups and in-depth interviews, this qualitative evaluation study examined impacts of the MSP for twenty MSP presenters and thirty-one college audience members who attended an MSP production at a public university in California in the Spring 2009 semester. Key thematic findings for MSP presenters included value placed on the men's group experience; having their stereotypes and prejudices challenged; empowerment and healing; reinforced commitment to cease/prevent men's violence; and expanded gender justice engagement. For audience members, key thematic findings included gaining an expanded conceptualization of masculinity; learning about intersectionality; having their stereotypes and prejudices challenged; and finding significant overall educational and social value in the MSP. The MSP's effects on audience members were facilitated by experiences of emotion, empathy, parafriendship and role modeling elicited by the first-person narratives, and the social learning environment fostered by the collective, public experience. Directions for further international research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Peretz
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Auburn University, 7030 Haley Center, Auburn University, AL 36849-5049, (617) 875-3307,
| | - Jocelyn Lehrer
- University of California-San Francisco, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, 3801 Connecticut Ave., NW, #814, Washington, DC 20008, (415) 217-9875,
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45
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Evans MC, Cobb S, Smith J, Bazargan M, Assari S. Depressive Symptoms among Economically Disadvantaged African American Older Adults in South Los Angeles. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E246. [PMID: 31546718 PMCID: PMC6826709 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although social, behavioral, and health factors correlate with depressive symptoms, less is known about these links among economically disadvantaged African American (AA) older adults. OBJECTIVE To study social, behavioral, and health correlates of depressive symptoms among economically disadvantaged AA older adults. METHODS This survey was conducted in South Los Angeles between 2015 and 2018. A total number of 740 AA older adults (age ≥55 years) were entered to this study. Independent variables were gender, age, educational attainment, financial difficulties, living alone, marital status, smoking, drinking, chronic medical conditions (CMCs), and pain intensity. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms. Linear regression model was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Age, financial difficulties, smoking, CMCs, and pain intensity were associated with depressive symptoms. Gender, educational attainment, living arrangement, marital status, and drinking were not associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Factors such as age, financial difficulties, smoking, CMCs, and pain may inform programs that wish to screen high risk economically disadvantaged AA older adults for depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C Evans
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Sharon Cobb
- School of Nursing, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - James Smith
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To explore recent research evidence addressing men's depression and suicide. Included are discussions of recent literature investigating male depression symptoms, and men's depression and suicidality help-seeking and engagement with professional mental health care services. RECENT FINDINGS Specific externalizing symptoms of substance misuse, risk-taking, and poor impulse control among men indicate the need for gender-sensitized depression screening and risk assessments. The reticence of some men for seeking professional health care has drawn public awareness raising and de-stigmatizing efforts, while clinical guidelines for working with boys and men have been offered to better serve men seeking help for depression and/or suicidality. There is a strengthening case for male depression comprising specific externalizing symptomology, and these findings, along with high male suicide rates (including men who are seemingly in care), indicate the need for tailored approaches to men's depression and suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Emma Rossnagel
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zac E Seidler
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John S Ogrodniczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon M Rice
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth, Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Reinicke K, Søgaard IS, Mentzler S. Masculinity Challenges for Men With Severe Hemophilia. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988319872626. [PMID: 31451017 PMCID: PMC6712760 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319872626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia is a congenital bleeding disorder that mainly affects men. Men with severe hemophilia experience stigma because they are unable to live up to various ideals of masculinity. This study involves a qualitative analysis of how nine Danish men aged 40-54 years with severe hemophilia manage life as functionally impaired relative to their masculine identity. The analytical focus is on how the men manage on a daily basis, how they construct their identity as a result of the disorder, and the body's importance in these identity negotiations. The source of their biggest defeat is that the disorder often prevents them from living up to social expectations about men as fathers. This results in a variety of management strategies that they apply to neutralize the stigma, allowing them to (a) distance themselves from the disorder in various practical and verbal ways and to (b) assume primary responsibility for managing the disorder, including internalizing being experts on the disorder. The results identify that men with severe hemophilia are frustrated by the lack of advice provided by the health sector. The article proposes initiatives that can be taken to address the lack of knowledge and to create a broader network of peers for men with hemophilia across varying age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Reinicke
- Department of Social Sciences and Business, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ida Stjerne Søgaard
- Department of Social Sciences and Business, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sarah Mentzler
- Department of Social Sciences and Business, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Schlichthorst M, King K, Turnure J, Phelps A, Pirkis J. Engaging Australian men in masculinity and suicide - A concept test of social media materials and a website. Health Promot J Austr 2019; 30:390-401. [PMID: 30919504 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Men dominate the suicide statistics and are less likely than women to seek help for emotional problems, and this has been linked to aspects of stoic masculinity. Promoting help-seeking and challenging stoic thinking may help to address this problem, but it is unclear what works in engaging men in these topics. METHODS We developed a multimedia intervention called Man Up - including a documentary and digital campaign. We tested promotional materials and the website by interviewing 17 men from different ages and backgrounds about their perceptions, and asked them whether the materials generated interest in the topics of the documentary. RESULTS Participants preferred visual materials that were relatable to them and included active and direct language. This helped them to understand and identify with the messages being imparted. Participants had mixed views on talking about masculinity and the use of the term "man up," with some expressing interest and others being deterred by it. Sharing content about mental health and suicide was seen by some as a risk to personal reputation and their relationships with others. CONCLUSIONS Our findings informed the design of targeted materials for the national Man Up campaign and website which were then used in a multilevel national health promotion intervention in Australia. SO WHAT?: Our study provided valuable insights beyond Man Up for those seeking to design and deliver health promotion interventions targeting Australian men and engage in sensitive and stigmatised male health issues. Using active and empowering language was especially important when addressing men which contrasts with many promotional materials currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Schlichthorst
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Kylie King
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Andrea Phelps
- Phoenix Australia, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Oliffe JL, Broom A, Popa M, Jenkins EK, Rice SM, Ferlatte O, Rossnagel E. Unpacking Social Isolation in Men's Suicidality. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:315-327. [PMID: 30222044 DOI: 10.1177/1049732318800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation has featured as a significant and oftentimes all-encompassing risk factor for male suicide, yet, as an explanatory mechanism, it has not been unpacked in terms of what it constitutes in everyday life. The current photovoice study explores the various dimensions of the lived experience of social isolation, as embedded in accounts of suicidality drawn from 35 Canadian men. Study participants narrated the following factors as underpinning their social isolation: (a) family dysfunction and estrangement, (b) marginality and feeling like misfits at school and work, (c) alienation and provisional acceptance of health care, (d) ineffectual and self-harming management, (e) intrusive dislocating thoughts, and (f) society's burdensome and immoral subjects. These interwoven but discrete spheres provide a means for understanding the phenomenology of social isolation and a basis for melding ideas about connectedness, relationality, personal history, and care, along with strategies to support and reduce men's suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Oliffe
- 1 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Broom
- 2 University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michaela Popa
- 1 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emily K Jenkins
- 1 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Olivier Ferlatte
- 1 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emma Rossnagel
- 1 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Jolly M, Sequeira W, Block JA, Toloza S, Bertoli A, Blazevic I, Vila LM, Moldovan I, Torralba KD, Mazzoni D, Cicognani E, Hasni S, Goker B, Haznedaroglu S, Bourre-Tessier J, Navarra SV, Mok CC, Weisman M, Clarke AE, Wallace D, Alarcón G. Sex Differences in Quality of Life in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2018; 71:1647-1652. [PMID: 29693320 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominantly affects women. Clinical phenotype and outcomes in SLE may vary by sex and are further complicated by unique concerns that are dependent upon sex-defined roles. We aimed to describe sex differences in disease-specific quality of life (QoL) assessment scores using the Lupus Patient-Reported Outcome (LupusPRO) tool in a large international study. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 1,803 patients with SLE on demographics, self-identified sex status, LupusPRO, and disease activity were analyzed. The LupusPRO tool has 2 constructs: health-related QoL (HRQoL) and non-HRQoL. Disease activity and damage were evaluated using the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment version of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index, respectively. Nonparametric tests were used to compare QoL and disease activity by sex. RESULTS A total of 122 men and 1,681 women with SLE participated. The mean age was similar by sex, but the damage scores were greater among men. Men fared worse on the non-HRQoL social support domain than women (P = 0.02). When comparing disease and QoL among men and women ages ≤45 years, men were found to have greater damage and worse social support than women. However, women fared significantly worse on lupus symptoms, cognition, and procreation domains with trends for worse functioning on physical health and pain-vitality domains. CONCLUSION In the largest study of a diverse group of SLE patients, utilizing a disease-specific QoL tool, sex differences in QoL were observed on both HRQoL and non-HRQoL constructs. Although men performed worse in the social support domain, women (especially those in the reproductive age group) fared worse in other domains. These observations may assist physicians in appropriately addressing QoL issues in a sex-focused manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Bertoli
- Instituto Reumatologico Strusberg, Cordoba, Argentina
| | | | - Luis M Vila
- University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarfaraz Hasni
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ann E Clarke
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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