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Wang Q, Li S, Li F, Tian X, Li Z. Identification of Shaker Potassium Channel Family Members in Gossypium hirsutum L. and Characterization of GhKAT1aD. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1461. [PMID: 37511836 PMCID: PMC10381577 DOI: 10.3390/life13071461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
K+ channels of the Shaker family have been shown to play crucial roles in K+ uptake and transport. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an important cash crop. In this study, the 24 Shaker family genes were identified in cotton. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that they were assigned to five clusters. Additionally, their chromosomal location, conserved motifs and gene structure were analyzed. The promoter of cotton Shaker K+ channel genes comprises drought-, low-temperature-, phytohormone-response elements, etc. As indicated by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR), cotton Shaker K+ channel genes responded to low K+ and NaCl, and especially dehydration stress, at the transcript level. Moreover, one of the Shaker K+ channel genes, GhKAT1aD, was characterized. This gene is localized in the plasma membrane and is predicted to contain six transmembrane segments. It restored the growth of the yeast mutant strain defective in K+ uptake, and silencing GhKAT1a via VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) resulted in more severe symptoms of K+ deficiency in cotton leaves as well as a lower net K+ uptake rate. The results of this study showed the overall picture of the cotton Shaker K+ channel family regarding bioinformatics as well as the function of one of its members, which provide clues for future investigations of cotton K+ transport and molecular insights for breeding K+-efficient cotton varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fangjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Li X, Zhang T, Xue Y, Xu X, Cui X, Fu J. Aspergillus aculeatus enhances nutrient uptake and forage quality in bermudagrass by increasing phosphorus and potassium availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1165567. [PMID: 37180403 PMCID: PMC10166810 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1165567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Potassium and phosphorus are essential macronutrients for plant growth and development. However, most P and K exist in insoluble forms, which are difficult for plants to directly absorb and utilize, thereby resulting in growth retardation of plants under P or K deficiency stress. The Aspergillus aculeatus fungus has growth-promoting characteristics and the ability to dissolve P and K. Methods Here, to investigate the physiological effects of A. aculeatus on bermudagrass under P or K deficiency, A. aculeatus and bermudagrass were used as experimental materials. Results and discussion The results showed that A. aculeatus could promote tolerance to P or K deficiency stress in bermudagrass, decrease the rate of leaf death, and increase the contents of crude fat as well as crude protein. In addition, A. aculeatus significantly enhanced the chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid contents. Moreover, under P or K deficiency stress, bermudagrass inoculated with A. aculeatus showed higher N, P, and K contents than non-inoculated plants. Furthermore, exogenous A. aculeatus markedly decreased the H2O2 level and CAT and POD activities. Based on our results, A. aculeatus could effectively improve the forage quality of bermudagrass and alleviate the negative effects of P or K deficiency stress, thereby playing a positive economic role in the forage industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinmin Fu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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3
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Khan MN, Siddiqui MH, Mukherjee S, AlSolami MA, Alhussaen KM, AlZuaibr FM, Siddiqui ZH, Al-Amri AA, Alsubaie QD. Melatonin involves hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of H +-ATPase activity, nitrogen metabolism, and ascorbate-glutathione system under chromium toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121173. [PMID: 36740162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils with chromium (Cr) jeopardized agriculture production globally. The current study was planned with the aim to better comprehend how melatonin (Mel) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) regulate antioxidant defense system, potassium (K) homeostasis, and nitrogen (N) metabolism in tomato seedlings under Cr toxicity. The data reveal that application of 30 μM Mel to the seedlings treated with 25 μM Cr has a positive effect on H2S metabolism that resulted in a considerable increase in H2S. Exogenous Mel improved phytochelatins content and H+-ATPase activity with an associated increase in K content as well. Use of tetraethylammonium chloride (K+-channel blocker) and sodium orthovanadate (H+-ATPase inhibitor) showed that Mel maintained K homeostasis through regulating H+-ATPase activity under Cr toxicity. Supplementation of the stressed seedlings with Mel substantially scavenged excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that maintained ROS homeostasis. Reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation were additional signs of Mel's ROS scavenging effects. In addition, Mel also maintained normal functioning of nitrogen (N) metabolism and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) system. Improved level of N fulfilled its requirement for various enzymes that have induced resilience during Cr stress. Additionally, the AsA-GSH cycle's proper operation maintained redox equilibrium, which is necessary for the biological system to function normally. Conversely, 1 mM hypotaurine (H2S scavenger) abolished the Mel-effect and again Cr-induced impairment on the above-mentioned parameters was observed even in presence of Mel. Therefore, based on the observed findings, we concluded that Mel needs endogenous H2S to alleviate Cr-induced impairments in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, Jangipur, India
| | - Mazen A AlSolami
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf M Alhussaen
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M AlZuaibr
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid H Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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4
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Sun T, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li X, Li M, Yang Y, Zhou J, Wei Q, Zhou B. Transcriptional and metabolic responses of apple to different potassium environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1131708. [PMID: 36968411 PMCID: PMC10036783 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is one of the most important macronutrients for plant development and growth. The influence mechanism of different potassium stresses on the molecular regulation and metabolites of apple remains largely unknown. In this research, physiological, transcriptome, and metabolite analyses were compared under different K conditions in apple seedlings. The results showed that K deficiency and excess conditions influenced apple phenotypic characteristics, soil plant analytical development (SPAD) values, and photosynthesis. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and indoleacetic acid (IAA) content were regulated by different K stresses. Transcriptome analysis indicated that there were 2,409 and 778 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in apple leaves and roots under K deficiency conditions in addition to 1,393 and 1,205 DEGs in apple leaves and roots under potassium excess conditions, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment showed that the DEGs were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction metabolite biosynthetic processes in response to different K conditions. There were 527 and 166 differential metabolites (DMAs) in leaves and roots under low-K stress as well as 228 and 150 DMAs in apple leaves and roots under high-K stress, respectively. Apple plants regulate carbon metabolism and the flavonoid pathway to respond to low-K and high-K stresses. This study provides a basis for understanding the metabolic processes underlying different K responses and provides a foundation to improve the utilization efficiency of K in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junke Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xingliang Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Minji Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhang Yang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qinping Wei
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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5
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Lu L, Chen S, Yang W, Wu Y, Liu Y, Yin X, Yang Y, Yang Y. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal key metabolic pathways in response to potassium deficiency in coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1112264. [PMID: 36860901 PMCID: PMC9968814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Potassium ions (K+) are important for plant growth and crop yield. However, the effects of K+ deficiency on the biomass of coconut seedlings and the mechanism by which K+ deficiency regulates plant growth remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we compared the physiological, transcriptome, and metabolite profiles of coconut seedling leaves under K+-deficient and K+-sufficient conditions using pot hydroponic experiments, RNA-sequencing, and metabolomics technologies. K+ deficiency stress significantly reduced the plant height, biomass, and soil and plant analyzer development value, as well as K content, soluble protein, crude fat, and soluble sugar contents of coconut seedlings. Under K+ deficiency, the leaf malondialdehyde content of coconut seedlings were significantly increased, whereas the proline (Pro) content was significantly reduced. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities were significantly reduced. The contents of endogenous hormones such as auxin, gibberellin, and zeatin were significantly decreased, whereas abscisic acid content was significantly increased. RNA-sequencing revealed that compared to the control, there were 1003 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves of coconut seedlings under K+ deficiency. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly related to "integral component of membrane," "plasma membrane," "nucleus", "transcription factor activity," "sequence-specific DNA binding," and "protein kinase activity." Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in "MAPK signaling pathway-plant," "plant hormone signal transduction," "starch and sucrose metabolism," "plant-pathogen interaction," "ABC transporters," and "glycerophospholipid metabolism." Metabolomic analysis showed that metabolites related to fatty acids, lipidol, amines, organic acids, amino acids, and flavonoids were generally down-regulated in coconut seedlings under K+ deficiency, whereas metabolites related to phenolic acids, nucleic acids, sugars, and alkaloids were mostly up-regulated. Therefore, coconut seedlings respond to K+ deficiency stress by regulating signal transduction pathways, primary and secondary metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction. These results confirm the importance of K+ for coconut production, and provide a more in-depth understanding of the response of coconut seedlings to K+ deficiency and a basis for improving K+ utilization efficiency in coconut trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Lu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Siting Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Weibo Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinxing Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Yaodong Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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6
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Aluko OO, Li C, Yuan G, Nong T, Xiang H, Wang Q, Li X, Liu H. Differential Effects of Ammonium (NH 4+) and Potassium (K +) Nutrition on Photoassimilate Partitioning and Growth of Tobacco Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3295. [PMID: 36501338 PMCID: PMC9736971 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize carbohydrates as the main energy source, but much focus has been on the impact of N and K on plant growth. Less is known about the combined impact of NH4+ and K+ nutrition on photoassimilate distribution among plant organs, and the resultant effect of such distribution on growth of tobacco seedlings, hence this study. Here, we investigated the synergetic effect of NH4+ and K+ nutrition on photoassimilate distribution, and their resultant effect on growth of tobacco seedlings. Soluble sugar and starch content peaks under moderate NH4+ and moderate K+ (2-2 mM), leading to improved plant growth, as evidenced by the increase in tobacco weight and root activity. Whereas, a drastic reduction in the above indicators was observed in plants under high NH4+ and low K+ (20-0.2 mM), due to low carbohydrate synthesis and poor photoassimilate distribution. A strong positive linear relationship also exists between carbohydrate (soluble sugar and starch) and the activities of these enzymes but not for invertase. Our findings demonstrated that NH4+ and K+-induced ion imbalance influences plant growth and is critical for photoassimilate distribution among organs of tobacco seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Olayemi Aluko
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Chuanzong Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Guang Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Tongjia Nong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Haiying Xiang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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7
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Liu J, Xia H, Gao Y, Pan D, Sun J, Liu M, Tang Z, Li Z. Potassium deficiency causes more nitrate nitrogen to be stored in leaves for low-K sensitive sweet potato genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1069181. [PMID: 36561445 PMCID: PMC9764221 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1069181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the effect of potassium (K) deficiency on nitrogen (N) metabolism in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), a hydroponic experiment was conducted with two genotypes (Xushu 32, low-K-tolerant; Ningzishu 1, low-K-sensitive) under two K treatments (-K, <0.03 mM of K+; +K, 5 mM of K+) in the greenhouse of Jiangsu Normal University. The results showed that K deficiency decreased root, stem, and leaf biomass by 13%-58% and reduced whole plant biomass by 24%-35%. Compared to +K, the amount of K and K accumulation in sweet potato leaves and roots was significantly decreased by increasing root K+ efflux in K-deficiency-treated plants. In addition, leaf K, N, ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N), or nitrate nitrogen (NO3 --N) in leaves and roots significantly reduced under K deficiency, and leaf K content had a significant quadratic relationship with soluble protein, NO3 --N, or NH4 +-N in leaves and roots. Under K deficiency, higher glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity did not increase amino acid synthesis in roots; however, the range of variation in leaves was larger than that in roots with increased amino acid in roots, indicating that the transformation of amino acids into proteins in roots and the amino acid export from roots to leaves were not inhibited. K deficiency decreased the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR), even if the transcription level of NR and NiR increased, decreased, or remained unchanged. The NO3 -/NH4 + ratio in leaves and roots under K deficiency decreased, except in Ningzishu 1 leaves. These results indicated that for Ningzishu 1, more NO3 - was stored under K deficiency in leaves, and the NR and NiR determined the response to K deficiency in leaves. Therefore, the resistance of NR and NiR activities to K deficiency may be a dominant factor that ameliorates the growth between Xushu 32 and Ningzishu 1 with different low-K sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Liu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Houqiang Xia
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongyu Pan
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhonghou Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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8
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Jing X, Song X, Cai S, Wang P, Lu G, Yu L, Zhang C, Wu Z. Overexpression of OsHAK5 potassium transporter enhances virus resistance in rice (Oryza sativa). MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1107-1121. [PMID: 35344250 PMCID: PMC9276945 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular potassium (K+ ) transported by plants under the action of a number of transport proteins is crucial for plant survival under distinct abiotic and biotic stresses. A correlation between K+ status and disease incidence has been found in many studies, but the roles of K+ in regulating disease resistance to viral diseases remain elusive. Here, we report that HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER 5 (OsHAK5) regulates the infection of rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV), a negative-sense single-stranded bunyavirus, in rice (Oryza sativa). We found the K+ content in rice plants was significantly inhibited on RGSV infection. Meanwhile, a dramatic induction of OsHAK5 transcripts was observed in RGSV-infected rice plants and in rice plants with K+ deficiency. Genetic analysis indicated that disruption of OsHAK5 facilitated viral pathogenicity. In contrast, overexpression of OsHAK5 enhanced resistance to RGSV infection. Our analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including H2 O2 and O2- , by DAB and NBT staining, respectively, indicated that RGSV infection as well as OsHAK5 overexpression increased ROS accumulation in rice leaves. The accumulation of ROS is perhaps involved in the induction of host resistance against RGSV infection in OsHAK5 transgenic overexpression rice plants. Furthermore, RGSV-encoded P3 induced OsHAK5 promoter activity, suggesting that RGSV P3 is probably an elicitor for the induction of OsHAK5 transcripts during RGSV infection. These findings indicate the crucial role of OsHAK5 in host resistance to virus infection. Our results may be exploited in the future to increase crop yield as well as improve host resistance via genetic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Jing
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xia Song
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Shenglai Cai
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Pengyue Wang
- Department of Plant PathologyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Guodong Lu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant PathologyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zujian Wu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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9
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Xiong W, Wang Y, Guo Y, Tang W, Zhao Y, Yang G, Pei Y, Chen J, Song X, Sun J. Transcriptional and Metabolic Responses of Maize Shoots to Long-Term Potassium Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:922581. [PMID: 35812972 PMCID: PMC9260415 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.922581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potassium is important for plant growth and crop yield. However, the effects of potassium (K+) deficiency on silage maize biomass yield and how maize shoot feedback mechanisms of K+ deficiency regulate whole plant growth remains largely unknown. Here, the study aims to explore the maize growth, transcriptional and metabolic responses of shoots to long-term potassium deficiency. Under the K+ insufficiency condition, the biomass yield of silage maize decreased. The transcriptome data showed that there were 922 and 1,107 differential expression genes in DH605 and Z58, respectively. In the two varieties, 390 differently expressed overlapping genes were similarly regulated. These genes were considered the fundamental responses to K+ deficiency in maize shoots. Many stress-induced genes are involved in transport, primary and secondary metabolism, regulation, and other processes, which are involved in K+ acquisition and homeostasis. Metabolic profiles indicated that most amino acids, phenolic acids, organic acids, and alkaloids were accumulated in shoots under K+ deficiency conditions and part of the sugars and sugar alcohols also increased. It revealed that putrescine and putrescine derivatives were specifically accumulated under the K+ deficiency condition, which may play a role in the feedback regulation of shoot growth. These results confirmed the importance of K+ on silage maize production and provided a deeper insight into the responses to K+ deficiency in maize shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangdan Xiong
- Grassland Agri-husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujian Wang
- College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhen Guo
- Grassland Agri-husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Grassland Agri-husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- Grassland Agri-husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Grassland Agri-husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuhe Pei
- College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingtang Chen
- College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiyun Song
- College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Grassland Agri-husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Lu Z, Hu W, Ye X, Lu J, Gu H, Li X, Cong R, Ren T. Potassium regulates diel leaf growth of Brassica napus by coordinating the rhythmic carbon supply and water balance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3686-3698. [PMID: 35176159 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and water are two main factors limiting leaf expansion. Restriction of leaf growth by low availability of carbon or water is among the earliest visible effects of potassium (K) deficiency. It is not known how K is involved in regulating the rhythmic supply of these two substrates, which differ remarkably across the day-night cycle, affecting leaf expansion. We investigated the effects of different K regimes on the time courses of leaf expansion, carbon assimilation, carbohydrates, and hydraulic properties of Brassica napus. Potassium supply increased leaf area, predominantly by promoting night-time leaf expansion (>60%), which was mainly associated with increased availability of carbohydrates from photosynthetic carbon fixation and import from old leaves rather than improvement of leaf hydraulics. However, sufficient K improved leaf hydraulic conductance to balance diurnal evaporative water loss and increase the osmotic contribution of water-soluble carbohydrates, thereby maintaining leaf turgor and increasing the daytime expansion rate. The results also indicated an ontogenetic role of K in modifying the amplitude of circadian expansion; almost 80% of the increase in leaf area occurred before the area reached 66.9% of the mature size. Our data provide mechanistic insight into K-mediated diel coordination of rhythmic carbon supply and water balance in leaf expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenshi Hu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaolei Ye
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hehe Gu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
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11
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Xudong G, Fengju Z, Teng W, Xiaowei X, Xiaohui J, Xing X. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on growth and leaf nitrogen metabolism of alfalfa in alkaline soil in Yinchuan Plain of Hetao Basin. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13261. [PMID: 35437473 PMCID: PMC9013234 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaline soil is widely distributed in China. Its rational utilization is an effective measure to solve land shortage and improve the environment. Alfalfa is characterized by strong salt and alkali tolerance and high yield and protein content. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the main nutrients for plant growth, and N metabolism is one of the primary forms of plant metabolism, which plays a vital role in quality and yield formation. The exploration of the effect of N and P on N metabolism and alfalfa growth will provide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization for alfalfa in the alkaline soil of the Yinchuan Plain of the Hetao Basin. Therefore, a 2-year experiment of N and P addition was conducted. Six treatments were set up with a randomized block design, including without N (WN), medium N (MN), high N (HN), without P (WP), medium P (MP), and high P (HP). It was found that the MN and MP treatments increased plant height, stem diameter, stem/leaf, dry/fresh, and dry matter of alfalfa. The HN and HP treatments inhibited alfalfa biomass formation. The MN and MP treatments increased key products and enzymes of leaf N metabolism of alfalfa and promoted activities of leaf nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and inhibited activities of leaf protease of alfalfa. The MN and MP treatments increased contents of leaf N, P, ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 --N), total chlorophyll, and protein and reduced leaf chlorophyll a/b and amino acid, results after HN and HP treatments were opposite. The correlation among leaf P, N, NO3 --N, amino acid, and protein reached significant levels (P < 0.01). It is suggested that MN and MP treatments can improve the yield and quality of alfalfa by increasing key products and enzymes of N metabolism and can be adopted to promote alfalfa production in the alkaline soil of the Yinchuan Plain of the Hetao Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Xudong
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhang Fengju
- School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wang Teng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xie Xiaowei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Xiaohui
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xu Xing
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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12
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Fang S, Yang H, Wei G, Shen T, Wan Z, Wang M, Wang X, Wu Z. Potassium application enhances drought tolerance in sesame by mitigating oxidative damage and regulating osmotic adjustment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1096606. [PMID: 36578346 PMCID: PMC9791050 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1096606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is known for alleviating the negative effects of abiotic stresses on plants. To explore the functions of K in controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant activities, and osmoregulation in sesame under drought stress, a pot experiment was conducted with three K levels (0, 60, and 120 kg ha-1, recorded as K0, K1, and K2, respectively) and exposed to well-watered (WW, 75% ± 5% soil relative water content) and drought-stressed (DS, 50% ± 5% soil relative water content) conditions. The results showed that DS stimulated the production of ROS such as increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), leading to lipid peroxidation as characterized by higher malondialdehyde (MDA) and, consequently, resulting in the decline in relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic pigments as compared with WW plants. These adverse effects were exacerbated when drought stress was prolonged. Concurrently, K application alleviated the magnitude of decline in the RWC, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b, and plants applied with K exhibited superior growth, with the optimal mitigation observed under K2 treatment. Additionally, DS plants treated with K exhibited lower lipid peroxidation, higher antioxidant activities, and increased osmotic solute accumulation in comparison with plants under K deficiency, which suggested that exogenous K application mitigated the oxidative damages and this was more prominent under K2 treatment. Noteworthily, proline and soluble protein, respectively, dominated in the osmotic regulation at 3 and 6 days of drought stress according to the analysis of the quantitative comparison among different osmotically active solutes. Based on the correlation of the aforementioned traits and the analysis of variance on the interaction effects of drought stress and potassium, we propose that superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and MDA could be critical indicators in balancing ROS detoxification and reproduction. In summary, our studies suggest that optimized K application keeps a balance between the production of antioxidants and ROS and simultaneously affects osmoregulation to alleviate the damage from drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fang
- *Correspondence: Sheng Fang, ; Ziming Wu,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziming Wu
- *Correspondence: Sheng Fang, ; Ziming Wu,
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Tavakol E, Jákli B, Cakmak I, Dittert K, Senbayram M. Optimization of Potassium Supply under Osmotic Stress Mitigates Oxidative Damage in Barley. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010055. [PMID: 35009058 PMCID: PMC8747552 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is the most abundant cation in plants, playing an important role in osmoregulation. Little is known about the effect of genotypic variation in the tolerance to osmotic stress under different K treatments in barley. In this study, we measured the interactive effects of osmotic stress and K supply on growth and stress responses of two barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) and monitored reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with enzymatic antioxidant activity and their respective gene expression level. The selected cultivars (cv. Milford and cv. Sahin-91Sahin-91) were exposed to osmotic stress (-0.7 MPa) induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) under low (0.04 mM) and adequate (0.8 mM) K levels in the nutrient solution. Leaf samples were collected and analyzed for levels of K, ROS, kinetic activity of antioxidants enzymes and expression levels of respective genes during the stress period. The results showed that optimal K supply under osmotic stress significantly decreases ROS production and adjusts antioxidant activity, leading to the reduction of oxidative stress in the studied plants. The cultivar Milford had a lower ROS level and a better tolerance to stress compared to the cultivar Sahin-91. We conclude that optimized K supply is of great importance in mitigating ROS-related damage induced by osmotic stress, specifically in drought-sensitive barley cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ershad Tavakol
- K+S Minerals and Agriculture GmbH, Bertha-von-Suttner Str. 7, 34041 Kassel, Germany
| | - Bálint Jákli
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Turkey;
| | - Klaus Dittert
- Department of Crop Sciences, Section of Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany;
| | - Mehmet Senbayram
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, University of Harran, Osmanbey, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey;
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Liu C, Wang X, Tu B, Li Y, Chen H, Zhang Q, Liu X. Root K Affinity Drivers and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Response to Low Potassium Stress in K High-Efficiency Vegetable Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:732164. [PMID: 34745166 PMCID: PMC8566441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.732164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Significant variations of potassium absorption and utilization exist in vegetable soybean. Pot and hydroponic experiments were carried out to examine the characteristics of root potassium (K) affinity-associated drivers and photosynthesis in vegetable soybean (edamame) [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with different K efficiency. Two K high-efficiency vegetable soybean genotypes (Line 19 and Line 20) and two K low-efficiency genotypes (Line 7 and Line 36) were investigated in low K and normal K conditions. The root of K high-efficiency genotypes had a higher K+ affinity associated with a higher maximum K+ uptake rate (Imax), but lower Michaelis constant for K+ absorption (Km) and lower compensation concentration for K+ uptake (Cmin). Seedlings of K high-efficiency genotypes also had higher root vigor [triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction method] and greater absorbing activity (methylene blue method), especially in the low K condition. Furthermore, the root bleeding-sap rate of K high-efficiency genotypes in low K stress was 9.9-24.3% greater than that of normal K conditions, which was accompanied by a relatively higher K concentration of root bleeding-sap in contributing to K+ upward flux. The root of K high-efficiency vegetable soybean genotypes exhibited K+ high-affinity and driving advantages. Photosynthetic parameters of K high-efficiency vegetable soybean genotypes were less affected by low K stress. Low K stress decreased the net photosynthetic rate of K high-efficiency genotypes by 6.1-6.9%, while that of K low-efficiency genotypes decreased by 10.9-15.7%. The higher chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio with enhanced relative content of Chl a in response to low K stress might be an adapted mechanism for K high-efficiency genotypes to maintain photosynthetic capacity. Stronger root K affinity drivers associated with photosynthetic adaptability to low K stress are the key factors in determining the K high-efficiency of vegetable soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingjie Tu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
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Mateus NS, Florentino AL, Oliveira JB, Santos EF, Gaziola SA, Rossi ML, Linhares FS, Bendassolli JA, Azevedo RA, Lavres J. Leaf 13C and 15N composition shedding light on easing drought stress through partial K substitution by Na in eucalyptus species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20158. [PMID: 34635753 PMCID: PMC8505639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the partial K-replacement by Na supply to alleviate drought-induced stress in Eucalyptus species. Plant growth, leaf gas exchange parameters, water relations, oxidative stress (H2O2 and MDA content), chlorophyll concentration, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopic leaf composition (δ13C and δ15N) were analyzed. Drought tolerant E. urophylla and E. camaldulensis showed positive responses to the partial K substitution by Na, with similar dry mass yields, stomatal density and total stomatal pore area relative to the well K-supplied plants under both water conditions, suggesting that 50% of the K requirements is pressing for physiological functions that is poorly substituted by Na. Furthermore, E. urophylla and E. camaldulensis up-regulated leaf gas exchanges, leading to enhanced long-term water use efficiency (WUEL). Moreover, the partial K substitution by Na had no effects on plants H2O2, MDA, δ13C and δ15N, confirming that Na, to a certain extent, can effectively replace K in plants metabolism. Otherwise, the drought-sensitive E. saligna species was negatively affected by partial K replacement by Na, decreasing plants dry mass, even with up-regulated leaf gas exchange parameters. The exclusive Na-supplied plants showed K-deficient symptoms and lower growth, WUEL, and δ13C, besides higher Na accumulation, δ15N, H2O2 and MDA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Souza Mateus
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Jessica Bezerra Oliveira
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Elcio Ferreira Santos
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Lanzoni Rossi
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco Scaglia Linhares
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - José Albertino Bendassolli
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - José Lavres
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenario, 303. CP 96, Piracicaba, CEP, 13416-000, Brazil.
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16
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Cui J, Tcherkez G. Potassium dependency of enzymes in plant primary metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:522-530. [PMID: 34174657 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potassium is a macroelement essential to many aspects of plant life, such as photosynthesis, phloem transport or cellular electrochemistry. Many enzymes in animals or microbes are known to be stimulated or activated by potassium (K+ ions). Several plant enzymes are also strictly K+-dependent, and this can be critical when plants are under K deficiency and thus intracellular K+ concentration is low. Although metabolic effects of low K conditions have been documented, there is presently no review focusing on roles of K+ for enzyme catalysis or activation in plants. In this mini-review, we compile the current knowledge on K+-requirement of plant enzymes and take advantage of structural data to present biochemical roles of K+. This information is instrumental to explain direct effects of low K+ content on metabolism and this is illustrated with recent metabolomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, Australia
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, Australia; Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe Angers, Université d'Angers, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070, Beaucouzé, France.
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17
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Xu FJ, Zhang AY, Yu YY, Sun K, Tang MJ, Zhang W, Xie XG, Dai CC. Soil legacy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita: The potassium-sequestering glomalin improves peanut (Arachis hypogaea) drought resistance and pod yield. Microbiol Res 2021; 249:126774. [PMID: 33962316 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In agroecosystems, drought stress severely threatens crops development. Although potassium (K) is required in amounts by crops under drought stress, the mobilization and availablity of K are limited by the soil water status. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can form mutualistic associations with most crops and play direct or indirect roles in the host drought resistance. Considering that the glomalin generated by living AM fungal hyphae can sequester multiple minerals, however, the function of mineral-sequestering glomalin in the crop drought resistance remains unclear. In this study, peanuts cultivated in the sterilized soil with a history of AM fungi inoculation showed significantly enhanced leaf K accumulation, drought resistance and pod yield under drought stress. Through the collection of different types of mineral-sequestering glomalin from living AM fungal hyphae, the peanut drought resistance was improved only when K-sequestering glomalin was added. Moreover, we found that peanut root exudates could prime the dissociation of glomalin-bound K and further satisfy the K requirement of crops. Our study is the first report that K-sequestering glomalin could improve drought performance and peanut pod yield, and it helps us to understand the ecological importance of improving AM symbiosis to face agricultural challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ji Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Guang Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Cui J, Lamade E, Tcherkez G. Potassium deficiency reconfigures sugar export and induces catecholamine accumulation in oil palm leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 300:110628. [PMID: 33180708 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic effects of potassium (K) deficiency have been described for nearly 70 years but specific effects of low K availability on sugar composition, sugar export rate and its relationship with other leaf metabolites are not very well documented. Having such pieces of information is nevertheless essential to identify metabolic signatures to monitor K fertilization. This is particularly true in oil-producing crop species such as oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), which is strongly K-demanding and involves high sugar dependence for fruit formation because of low carbon use efficiency in lipid synthesis. Here, we used metabolic analyses, measured sugar export rates with 13C isotopic labeling and examined the effects of K availability on both leaflet and rachis sugar metabolism in oil palm seedlings. We show that low K leads to a modification of sugar composition mostly in rachis and decreased sucrose and hexose export rates from leaflets. As a result, leaflets contained more starch and induced alternative pathways such as raffinose synthesis, although metabolites of the raffinose pathway remained quantitatively minor. The alteration of glycolysis by low K was compensated for by an increase in alternative sugar phosphate utilization by tyrosine metabolism, resulting in considerable amounts of tyramine and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Lamade
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD),UPR Systèmes de Pérennes; Université de Montpellier, Systèmes de Pérennes, CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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19
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dos Santos RM, Diaz PAE, Lobo LLB, Rigobelo EC. Use of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Maize and Sugarcane: Characteristics and Applications. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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20
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Hou W, Tränkner M, Lu J, Yan J, Huang S, Ren T, Cong R, Li X. Diagnosis of Nitrogen Nutrition in Rice Leaves Influenced by Potassium Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:165. [PMID: 32174942 PMCID: PMC7056715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of nitrogen (N) status by leaf color is a kind of classic nutritional diagnostic method. However, the color of leaves is influenced not only by N, but also by other nutrients such as potassium (K). Two-year field trials with a factorial combination of N and K were conducted to investigate the effects of different N and K rates on soil plant analysis development (SPAD) readings and leaf N, K, magnesium (Mg), and chlorophyll concentrations. Visual inspections in leaf greenness revealed darker green leaves with increasing N rates, while paler green leaves with increasing K rates. Data showed that SPAD readings, chlorophyll, N and Mg concentrations, and the chloroplast area increased significantly with raising N rates, while declined sharply with the increase in K rates due to the antagonistic relationships between K+ and NH4 + as well as Mg2+. It was also probable that the increase in K promoted the growth of leaves and diluted their N and Mg concentrations. The paler leaf appearance resulting from the application of K may overestimate the actual demand for N in the diagnosis of rice N status. The strong antagonistic relationships between K+, NH4 +, and Mg2+ should be considered in rice production and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Merle Tränkner
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Applied Plant Nutrition (IAPN), Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Yu F, Wang X, Yao Y, Lin J, Huang Y, Xie D, Liu K, Li Y. Manganese accumulation and plant physiology behavior of Camellia oleifera in response to different levels of potassium fertilization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:1075-1084. [PMID: 32064892 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1726871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of potassium (K) fertilization (KCl, analytically pure; 0, 60, 200, and 400 mg kg-1) on the growth and Mn accumulation of Camellia oleifera in two types of Mn-contaminated soils were investigated. The potential mechanisms underlying the impacts of K fertilization were explored. C. oleifera accumulated high amounts of Mn in both soil conditions. The addition of K fertilizer decreased the soil pH and promoted Mn accumulation in C. oleifera. However, the plant biomass decreased significantly under the high level of K fertilization (400 mg kg-1), and the oxidative stress was stimulated under Mn contamination. But an appropriate concentration of K fertilizer (200 mg kg-1) was necessary for the formation of photosynthesis pigments, nonenzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes, metabolic processes, and nutrient uptake. Furthermore, when plants supplemented with a low level of K fertilization (200 mg kg-1), the catalase activity in C. oleifera leaves was enhanced to alleviate oxidative stress and protect the plant from Mn contamination. Our study demonstrated that 200 mg kg-1 of K fertilizer has the potential to further enhance the efficiency of Mn phytoremediation by C. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Ecology and Environment Change of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- College of Environment and Resource, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xueru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yawei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiamin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Dongyu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Kehui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Ecology and Environment Change of Guangxi Department of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- College of Environment and Resource, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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22
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Xie K, Lu Z, Pan Y, Gao L, Hu P, Wang M, Guo S. Leaf photosynthesis is mediated by the coordination of nitrogen and potassium: The importance of anatomical-determined mesophyll conductance to CO 2 and carboxylation capacity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110267. [PMID: 31779911 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Both nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) have been widely studied in maintaining efficient photosynthesis and plant growth. However, the mechanisms underlying the photosynthetic response to their interaction remain unclear. This study assessed the effects of N and K supply on photosynthetic limitations and the corresponding changes in anatomical structures in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, grown hydroponically under different levels of N and K in a greenhouse. Results revealed that a suitable leaf N/K ratio (2.99-3.10) maintain a high rate of photosynthesis (A). The A under N and/or K deficiency was primarily limited by mesophyll conductance (gm) and RuBP carboxylation in biochemical processes. The decline of gm in N- or K-starved leaves was mostly resulted from low surface area of chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces (Sc) and high mesophyll cell wall thickness. Synergistic effects of N and K on gm were reflected in leaf anatomical structure, especially their coordinated roles in enhancing Sc. The enhanced photosynthesis in plants with coordinated supply of N and K was caused by the balance of RuBP carboxylation and regeneration. These results highlight the synergistic effect of N and K on leaf photosynthesis, which are mainly reflected in facilitating anatomical-determined gm and carboxylation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiu Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Exogenously Applied Bio-Stimulant and Synthetic Fertilizers to Improve the Growth, Yield and Fiber Quality of Cotton. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11072171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of exogenously applied Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE), nitrogen and potassium were studied on the productivity and quality of two cotton cultivars (CIM-573) and transgenic Bt cotton (CIM-598). The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) factorial experiment was conducted at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan (30.2639 °N, 71.5101 °E; 123 m asl), during 2016 and 2017, with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed the significance of cotton cultivars and foliar applications for the majority of traits studied, in both years. The CIM-573 had superiority for most of the traits studied in 2016 and 2017 trials, while the CIM-598 cultivar had significantly higher record for chlorophyll content, seed cotton yield, mean boll weight, and seed index in 2016 and sympodial branches per plant in 2017. Foliar application of Moringa Leaf Extract (MLE) and synthetic fertilizers showed significant differences for the traits studied compared to the distilled water. Exogenous application of MLE has a positive effect on photosynthetic and enzymatic activities that improve the efficiency of nutrients that are utilized, thereby improving the growth, seed cotton yield and quality of cotton cultivars tested. All the interaction effects had a significant influence on the traits studied, except ginning percentage in 2016. The interaction between the conventional cotton cultivar (CIM 573) and exogenous application of MLE + nitrogen + potassium had significantly higher effect on plant height, cotton yield, staple length, fiber maturity, and fiber strength for the 2017 trial and was superior for the quality parameters in 2017. The interaction of the Bt cotton cultivar (CIM 598) and the foliar application of MLE + nitrogen + potassium had superiority in cotton yield, yield components and the quality parameters in the 2017 trial. Both the CIM 573 and CIM 598 cotton cultivars had consistent expressions for all quality traits studied, although they did fluctuate in their expression to these agronomic traits between the field trials of 2016 and 2017. Additive gene effects could be the explanation for the unstable effects of yield and the related traits in the different environmental conditions of the field trials in the two years. Our results suggest that the exogenous application of MLE alone and in combination with nitrogen and potassium could be used to improve the productivity and the quality of these cotton cultivars. The correlation coefficients indicate strong associations between the agronomic and quality traits, indicating that one or more yield parameters could be used as selection criteria to improve the productivity and quality of cotton.
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24
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Yarra R, Kirti PB. Expressing class I wheat NHX (TaNHX2) gene in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) improves plant performance under saline condition. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 19:541-554. [PMID: 30673892 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Brinjal or eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous edible crop, and salt stress adversely affects its growth, development, and overall productivity. To cope with excess salinity, vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporters provide the best mechanism for ionic homeostasis in plants under salt stress. We generated transgenic eggplants by introducing wheat TaNHX2 gene that encodes a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter in to the eggplant genome via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using pBin438 vector that harbors double35S:TaNHX2 to confer salinity tolerance. Polymerase chain reaction and southern hybridization confirmed the presence and integration of TaNHX2 gene in T1 transgenic plants. Southern positive transgenic eggplants showed varied levels of TaNHX2 transcripts as evident by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Stress-inducible expression of TaNHX2 significantly improved growth performance and Na+ and K+ contents from leaf and roots tissues of T2 transgenic eggplants under salt stress, compared to non-transformed plants. Furthermore, T2 transgenic eggplants displayed the stable leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content, proline accumulation, improved photosynthetic efficiency, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductivity than the non-transformed plants under salinity stress (200 mM NaCl). Data showed that the T2 transgenic lines revealed that reduction in MDA content, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen radical production associated with the significant increase of antioxidant enzyme activity in transgenic eggplants than non-transformed plants under salt stress (200 mM NaCl). This study suggested that the TaNHX2 gene plays an important regulatory role in conferring salinity tolerance of transgenic eggplant and thus may serve as a useful candidate gene for improving salinity tolerance in other vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Yarra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500046, India.
| | - P B Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500046, India
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Zeng J, Quan X, He X, Cai S, Ye Z, Chen G, Zhang G. Root and leaf metabolite profiles analysis reveals the adaptive strategies to low potassium stress in barley. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:187. [PMID: 30200885 PMCID: PMC6131769 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium (K) deficiency in arable land is one of the most important factors affecting crop productivity. Development of low K (LK) tolerant crop cultivars is regarded as a best economic and effective approach for solving the issue of LK. In previous studies, we found a wider variation of LK tolerance in the Tibetan wild barley accessions than cultivated barley. However, the mechanism of LK tolerance in wild barley is still elusive. RESULTS In this study, two wild barley genotypes (XZ153, LK tolerant and XZ141, LK sensitive) and one cultivar (LuDaoMai, LK tolerant) was used to investigate metabolome changes in response to LK stress. Totally 57 kinds of metabolites were identified in roots and leaves of three genotypes at 16 d after LK treatment. In general, accumulation of amino acids and sugars was enhanced in both roots and leaves, while organic acids were reduced under LK stress compared to the control. Meanwhile, the concentrations of the negatively charged amino acids (Asp and Glu) and most organic acids was reduced in both roots and leaves, but more positively charged amino acids (Lys and Gln) were increased in three genotypes under LK. XZ153 had less reduction than other two genotypes in biomass and chlorophyll content under LK stress and showed greater antioxidant capacity as reflected by more synthesis of active oxygen scavengers. Higher LK tolerance of XZ153 may also be attributed to its less carbohydrate consumption and more storage of glucose and other sugars, thus providing more energy for plant growth under LK stress. Moreover, phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway mediated by PAL differed among three genotypes, which is closely associated with the genotypic difference in LK tolerance. CONCLUSIONS LK tolerance in the wild barley is attributed to more active phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway mediated by PAL, energy use economy by reducing carbohydrate consumption and storage of glucose and other sugars, and higher antioxidant defense ability under LK stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zeng
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Xiaoyan Quan
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Shengguan Cai
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Zhilan Ye
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Guang Chen
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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26
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Hou W, Yan J, Jákli B, Lu J, Ren T, Cong R, Li X. Synergistic Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Quantitative Limitations to Photosynthesis in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5125-5132. [PMID: 29715025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of the net CO2 assimilation ( A) during photosynthesis is one of the major physiological effects of both nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) deficiencies on rice growth. Whether the reduction in A arises from a limitation in either the diffusion and biochemical fixation of CO2 or photochemical energy conversion is still debated in relation to N and K deficiencies. In this study, the gas exchange parameters of rice under different N and K levels were evaluated and limitations within the photosynthetic carbon capture process were quantified. A was increased by 17.3 and 12.1% for the supply of N and K, respectively. The suitable N/K ratio should be maintained from 1.42 to 1.50. The limitation results indicated that A is primarily limited by the biochemical process. The stomatal conductance ( LS), mesophyll conductance ( LM), and biochemical ( LB) limitations were regulated by 26.6-79.9, 24.4-54.1, and 44.1-75.2%, respectively, with the N and K supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bálint Jákli
- Institute of Applied Plant Nutrition , University of Göttingen , Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1 , 37075 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , People's Republic of China
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27
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Mohammadi K, Movahedi A, Maleki SS, Sun W, Zhang J, Almasi Zadeh Yaghuti A, Nourmohammadi S, Zhuge Q. Functional analysis of overexpressed PtDRS1 involved in abiotic stresses enhances growth in transgenic poplar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 126:22-31. [PMID: 29494985 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought and salinity are two main abiotic stressors that can disrupt plant growth and survival. Various biotechnological approaches have been used to alleviate the problem of drought stress by improving water stress resistance in forestry and agriculture. The drought sensitive 1 (DRS1) gene acts as a regulator of drought stress, identified in human, yeast and some model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, but there have been no reports of DRS1 transformation in poplar plants to date. In this study, we transformed the DRS1 gene from Populus trichocarpa into Populus deltoides × Populus euramericana 'Nanlin895' using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. We confirmed that the DRS1 gene was transformed into 'Nanlin895' poplar genomes using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex PCR, real-time PCR, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All transformed and wild-type (WT) plants were then transferred into a greenhouse for complementary experiments. We analyzed the physiological and biochemical responses of transgenic plants under drought and salt stresses in the greenhouse, and the results were compared with control WT plants. Responses to abiotic stress were greater in transgenic plants compared with WT. Based on our results, introduction of the DRS1 gene into poplar 'Nanlin895' plants significantly enhanced the resistance of those plants to water deficit and high salinity, allowing higher growth rates of roots and shoots in those plants. Additionally, the clawed root rate increased in transformed poplars grown in culture media or in soil, and improved survival under drought and salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Mohammadi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Samaneh Sadat Maleki
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Amir Almasi Zadeh Yaghuti
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Saeed Nourmohammadi
- Australian Research Council Center of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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28
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Tränkner M, Tavakol E, Jákli B. Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:414-431. [PMID: 29667201 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) are mineral nutrients that are required in large quantities by plants. Both elements critically contribute to the process of photosynthesis and the subsequent long-distance transport of photoassimilates. If K or Mg is not present in sufficient quantities in photosynthetic tissues, complex interactions of anatomical, physiological and biochemical responses result in a reduction of photosynthetic carbon assimilation. As a consequence, excessive production of reactive oxygen species causes photo-oxidation of the photosynthetic apparatus and causes an up-regulation of photoprotective mechanisms. In this article, we review the functioning of K and Mg in processes directly or indirectly associated with photosynthesis. Focus is given to chloroplast ultrastructure, light-dependent and -independent reactions of photosynthesis and the diffusion of CO2 - a major substrate for photosynthesis - into chloroplasts. We further emphasize their contribution to phloem-loading and long-distance transport of photoassimilates and to the photoprotection of the photosynthetic apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Tränkner
- Institute of Applied Plant Nutrition (IAPN), Georg-August University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Bálint Jákli
- Department of Crop Science, Section of Plant Nutrition & Crop Physiology, Georg-August University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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Wang N, Qiao W, Liu X, Shi J, Xu Q, Zhou H, Yan G, Huang Q. Relative contribution of Na +/K + homeostasis, photochemical efficiency and antioxidant defense system to differential salt tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 119:121-131. [PMID: 28866234 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the role of specific components of different coping strategies to salt load were identified. A pot experiment was conducted with four cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars (differing in salt-sensitivity) under salinity stress. Based on observed responses in growth performance and physiological characteristics, CZ91 was the most tolerant of the four cultivars, followed by cultivars CCRI44 and CCRI49, with Z571 being much more sensitive to salt stress. To perform this tolerant response, they implement different adaptative mechanisms to cope with salt-stress. The superior salt tolerance of CZ91 was conferred by at least three complementary physiological mechanisms: its ability to regulate K+ and Na+ transport more effectively, its higher photochemical efficiency and better antioxidant defense capacity. However, only one or a few specific components of these defense systems play crucial roles in moderately salt tolerant CCRI44 and CCRI49. Lower ROS load in CCRI44 may be attributed to simultaneous induction of antioxidant defenses by maintaining an unusually high level of SOD, and higher activities of CAT, APX, and POD during salt stress. CCRI49 could reduce the excess generation of ROS not only by maintaining a higher selective absorption of K+ over Na+ in roots across the membranes through SOS1, AKT1, and HAK5, but also by displaying higher excess-energy dissipation (e.g., higher ETR, PR and qN) during salt stress. Overall, our data provide a mechanistic explanation for differential salt stress tolerance among these cultivars and shed light on the different strategies employed by cotton cultivars to minimize the ill effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, PR China
| | - Wenqing Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Scientific Research Department, Xinjiang Qianhai Seeds Co., Ltd., Tumushuke 843900, PR China
| | - Jianbin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, PR China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, PR China
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, PR China
| | - Gentu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, PR China.
| | - Qun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, PR China.
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30
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Hafsi C, Falleh H, Saada M, Ksouri R, Abdelly C. Potassium deficiency alters growth, photosynthetic performance, secondary metabolites content, and related antioxidant capacity in Sulla carnosa grown under moderate salinity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:609-617. [PMID: 28800521 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Salinity and K+ deficiency are two environmental constraints that generally occur simultaneously under field conditions, resulting in severe limitation of plant growth and productivity. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of salinity, either separately applied or in combination with K+ deficiency, on growth, photosynthetic performance, secondary metabolites content, and related antioxidant capacity in Sulla carnosa. Seedlings were grown hydroponically under sufficient (6000 μM) or low (60 μM) K+ supply with 100 mM NaCl (C + S and D + S treatments, respectively). Either alone or combined with K+ deficiency, salinity significantly restricted the plant growth. K+ deficiency further increased salt impact on the photosynthetic activity of S. carnosa, but this species displayed mechanisms that play a role in protecting photosynthetic machinery (including non photochemical quenching and antioxidant activity). In contrast to plants subjected to salt stress alone, higher accumulation of phenolic compounds was likely related to antioxidative defence mechanism in plants grown under combined effects of two stresses. As a whole, these data suggest that K+ deficiency increases the deleterious effects of salt stress. The quantitative and qualitative alteration of phenolic composition and the enhancement of related antioxidant capacity may be of crucial significance for S. carnosa plants growing under salinity and K+ deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Hafsi
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Hanen Falleh
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Saada
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Zahoor R, Zhao W, Abid M, Dong H, Zhou Z. Title: Potassium application regulates nitrogen metabolism and osmotic adjustment in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) functional leaf under drought stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 215:30-38. [PMID: 28527336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the role of potassium (K) in maintaining nitrogen metabolism and osmotic adjustment development of cotton functional leaves to sustain growth under soil drought and rewatering conditions, the plants of two cotton cultivars Siza 3 (low-K sensitive) and Simian 3 (low-K tolerant), were grown under three different K rates (K0, K1, and K2; 0, 150, and 300kgK2Oha-1, respectively) and exposed to drought stress with 40±5% soil relative water content (SRWC). The drought stress was applied at flowering stage by withholding water for eight days followed by rewatering to a well-watered level (75±5% SRWC). The results showed that drought-stressed plants of both cultivars showed a decrease in leaf relative water content (RWC) and osmotic potential in the functional leaves and developed osmotic adjustment with an increase in the contents of free amino acids, soluble sugars, inorganic K, and nitrate as compared to well-watered plants. In drought-stressed plants, nitrogen-metabolizing enzyme activities of nitrogen reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) were diminished significantly (P≤0.05) along with decreased chlorophyll content and soluble proteins. However, drought-stressed plants under K application not only exhibited higher osmotic adjustment with greater accumulation of osmolytes but also regulated nitrogen metabolism by maintaining higher enzyme activities, soluble proteins, and chlorophyll content in functional leaves as compared to the plants without K application. Siza 3 showed better stability in enzyme activities and resulted in 89% higher seed cotton yield under K2 as compared to K0 in drought-stressed plants, whereas this increase was 53% in the case of Simian 3. The results of the study suggested that K application enhances cotton plants' potential for sustaining high nitrogen-metabolizing enzyme activities and related components to supplement osmotic adjustment under soil drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Zahoor
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China, PR China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China, PR China
| | - Haoran Dong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China, PR China.
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Hu W, Coomer TD, Loka DA, Oosterhuis DM, Zhou Z. Potassium deficiency affects the carbon-nitrogen balance in cotton leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:408-417. [PMID: 28441628 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) plays important roles in the metabolism of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), but studies of K deficiency affecting C-N balance are lacking. This study explored the influence of K deficiency on C-N interaction in cotton leaves by conducting a field experiment with cotton cultivar DP0912 under two K rates (K0: 0 kg K2O ha-1 and K67: 67 kg K2O ha-1) and a controlled environment experiment with K-deficient solution (K1: 0 mM K+) and K-sufficient solution (K2: 6 mM K+). The results showed that leaf K content, leaf number, leaf area, boll number, reproductive dry weight and total dry weight were significant lower under K deficiency (K0 or K1). Lower total chlorophyll content and Chl a/b ratio, and decreased Pn along with lower Gs and higher Ci were measured under K deficiency, suggesting that the decrease in Pn was resulted from non-stomatal limitation. Leaf glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch contents were higher under K deficiency, because lower sucrose export was detected in phloem. Although leaf nitrate and ammonium contents significantly decreased, free amino acid content was increased by 40-63% under K deficiency, since lower amino acid export was also measured in phloem. K deficiency also induced lower soluble protein content in leaves. Leaf ATP level was significantly increased under K deficiency, indicating ATP utilization was lower, so that less energy was supplied to C and N metabolism. The ratio of soluble sugar to free amino acid and the C/N ratio markedly increased under K deficiency, and one reason was that the phloem export reduced more prominent for sucrose (54.6-78.0%) than amino acid (36.7-85.4%) under K deficiency. In addition, lower phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity limited malate and citrate biosynthesis under K deficiency, causing a decrease of C flux into the amino acids, which was not beneficial for maintaining C-N balance. Sucrose phosphate synthase and nitrate reductase activities were lower under K deficiency, which would limit sucrose biosynthesis and nitrate assimilation. This was another factor altering soluble sugar to free amino acid ratio and C/N ratio in the K-deficient leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Taylor D Coomer
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK
| | - Derrick M Oosterhuis
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Yang JS, Hu W, Zhao W, Meng Y, Chen B, Wang Y, Zhou Z. Soil Potassium Deficiency Reduces Cotton Fiber Strength by Accelerating and Shortening Fiber Development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28856. [PMID: 27350236 PMCID: PMC4924092 DOI: 10.1038/srep28856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low potassium (K)-induced premature senescence in cotton has been observed worldwide, but how it affects cotton fiber properties remain unclear. We hypothesized that K deficiency affects cotton fiber properties by causing disordered fiber development, which may in turn be caused by the induction of a carbohydrate acquisition difficulty. To investigate this issue, we employed a low-K-sensitive cotton cultivar Siza 3 and a low-K-tolerant cultivar Simian 3 and planted them in three regions of different K supply. Data concerning lint yield, Pn and main fiber properties were collected from three years of testing. Soil K deficiency significantly accelerated fiber cellulose accumulation and dehydration processes, which, together with previous findings, suggests that the low-K induced carbohydrate acquisition difficulty could cause disordered fiber development by stimulating the expression of functional proteins such as CDKA (cyclin-dependent kinase). As a result, fiber strength and lint weight were reduced by up to 7.8% and 2.1%, respectively. Additional quantitative analysis revealed that the degree of accelerated fiber development negatively correlated with fiber strength. According to the results of this study, it is feasible to address the effects of soil K deficiency on fiber properties using existing cultivation strategies to prevent premature senescence of cotton plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yali Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Binglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Hu W, Zhao W, Yang J, Oosterhuis DM, Loka DA, Zhou Z. Relationship between potassium fertilization and nitrogen metabolism in the leaf subtending the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) boll during the boll development stage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 101:113-123. [PMID: 26874296 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen (N) metabolism of the leaf subtending the cotton boll (LSCB) was studied with two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars (Simian 3, low-K tolerant; Siza 3, low-K sensitive) under three levels of potassium (K) fertilization (K0: 0 g K2O plant(-1), K1: 4.5 K2O plant(-1) and K2: 9.0 g K2O plant(-1)). The results showed that total dry matter increased by 13.1-27.4% and 11.2-18.5% under K supply for Simian 3 and Siza 3. Boll biomass and boll weight also increased significantly in K1 and K2 treatments. Leaf K content, leaf N content and nitrate (NO3(-)) content increased with increasing K rates, and leaf N content or NO3(-) content had a significant positive correlation with leaf K content. Free amino acid content increased in the K0 treatment for both cultivars, due to increased protein degradation caused by higher protease and peptidase activities, resulting in lower protein content in the K0 treatment. The critical leaf K content for free amino acid and soluble protein content were 14 mg g(-1) and 15 mg g(-1) in Simian 3, and 17 mg g(-1) and 18 mg g(-1) in Siza 3, respectively. Nitrate reductase (NR), glutamic-oxaloace transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities increased in the K1 and K2 treatments for both cultivars, while glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities increased under K supply treatments only for Siza 3, and were not affected in Simian 3, indicating that this was the primary difference in nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes activities for the two cultivars with different sensitivity to low-K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jiashuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Derrick M Oosterhuis
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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35
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Lu Z, Ren T, Pan Y, Li X, Cong R, Lu J. Differences on photosynthetic limitations between leaf margins and leaf centers under potassium deficiency for Brassica napus L. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21725. [PMID: 26902263 PMCID: PMC4763197 DOI: 10.1038/srep21725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyzing the proportions of stomatal (SL), mesophyll conductance (MCL) and biochemical limitations (BL) imposed by potassium (K) deficit, and evaluating their relationships to leaf K status will be helpful to understand the mechanism underlying the inhibition of K deficiency on photosynthesis (A). A quantitative limitation analysis of K deficiency on photosynthesis was performed on leaf margins and centers under K deficiency and sufficient K supply treatments of Brassica napus L. Potassium deficiency decreased A, stomatal (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm) of margins, SL, MCL and BL accounted for 23.9%, 33.0% and 43.1% of the total limitations. While for leaf centers, relatively low limitations occurred. Nonlinear curve fitting analysis indicated that each limiting factor generated at same leaf K status (1.07%). Although MCL was the main component of limitations when A began to fall, BL replaced it at a leaf K concentration below 0.78%. Up-regulated MCL was related to lower surface area of chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces (Sc/S) and larger cytosol diffusion resistance but not the cell wall thickness. Our results highlighted that photosynthetic limitations appear simultaneously under K deficiency and vary with increasing K deficiency intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
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36
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Yang J, Hu W, Zhao W, Chen B, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Meng Y. Fruiting Branch K(+) Level Affects Cotton Fiber Elongation Through Osmoregulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:13. [PMID: 26834777 PMCID: PMC4722289 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) deficiency in cotton plants results in reduced fiber length. As one of the primary osmotica, K(+) contributes to an increase in cell turgor pressure during fiber elongation. Therefore, it is hypothesized that fiber length is affected by K deficiency through an osmotic pathway, so in 2012 and 2013, an experiment was conducted to test this hypothesis by imposing three potassium supply regimes (0, 125, 250 kg K ha(-1)) on a low-K-sensitive cultivar, Siza 3, and a low-K-tolerant cultivar, Simian 3. We found that fibers were longer in the later season bolls than in the earlier ones in cotton plants grown under normal growth conditions, but later season bolls showed a greater sensitivity to low-K stress, especially the low-K sensitive genotype. We also found that the maximum velocity of fibre elongation (V max) is the parameter that best reflects the change in fiber elongation under K deficiency. This parameter mostly depends on cell turgor, so the content of the osmotically active solutes was analyzed accordingly. Statistical analysis showed that K(+) was the major osmotic factor affecting fiber length, and malate was likely facilitating K(+) accumulation into fibers, which enabled the low-K-tolerant genotype to cope with low-K stress. Moreover, the low-K-tolerant genotype tended to have greater K(+) absorptive capacities in the upper fruiting branches. Based on our findings, we suggest a fertilization scheme for Gossypium hirsutum that adds extra potash fertilizer or distributes it during the development of late season bolls to mitigate K deficiency in the second half of the growth season and to enhance fiber length in late season bolls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yali Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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Nieves-Cordones M, Martínez V, Benito B, Rubio F. Comparison between Arabidopsis and Rice for Main Pathways of K(+) and Na(+) Uptake by Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:992. [PMID: 27458473 PMCID: PMC4932104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
K(+) is an essential macronutrient for plants. It is acquired by specific uptake systems located in roots. Although the concentrations of K(+) in the soil solution are widely variable, K(+) nutrition is secured by uptake systems that exhibit different affinities for K(+). Two main systems have been described for root K(+) uptake in several species: the high-affinity HAK5-like transporter and the inward-rectifier AKT1-like channel. Other unidentified systems may be also involved in root K(+) uptake, although they only seem to operate when K(+) is not limiting. The use of knock-out lines has allowed demonstrating their role in root K(+) uptake in Arabidopsis and rice. Plant adaptation to the different K(+) supplies relies on the finely tuned regulation of these systems. Low K(+)-induced transcriptional up-regulation of the genes encoding HAK5-like transporters occurs through a signal cascade that includes changes in the membrane potential of root cells and increases in ethylene and reactive oxygen species concentrations. Activation of AKT1 channels occurs through phosphorylation by the CIPK23/CBL1 complex. Recently, activation of the Arabidopsis HAK5 by the same complex has been reported, pointing to CIPK23/CBL as a central regulator of the plant's adaptation to low K(+). Na(+) is not an essential plant nutrient but it may be beneficial for some plants. At low concentrations, Na(+) improves growth, especially under K(+) deficiency. Thus, high-affinity Na(+) uptake systems have been described that belong to the HKT and HAK families of transporters. At high concentrations, typical of saline environments, Na(+) accumulates in plant tissues at high concentrations, producing alterations that include toxicity, water deficit and K(+) deficiency. Data concerning pathways for Na(+) uptake into roots under saline conditions are still scarce, although several possibilities have been proposed. The apoplast is a significant pathway for Na(+) uptake in rice grown under salinity conditions, but in other plant species different mechanisms involving non-selective cation channels or transporters are under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2Montpellier, France
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Rubio,
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Zhang B, Yu L, Zhang R, Liu Y, Liu R. Investigation on the interaction of nanoAg with Cu-Zn SOD. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 30:1195-200. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health; Shandong Province 27# Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Population Resources and Environment; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health; Shandong Province 27# Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health; Shandong Province 27# Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health; Shandong Province 27# Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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Zhou J, Wang J, Bi Y, Wang L, Tang L, Yu X, Ohtani M, Demura T, Zhuge Q. Overexpression of PtSOS2 Enhances Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Poplars. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER 2014; 32:185-197. [PMID: 24465084 PMCID: PMC3893482 DOI: 10.1007/s11105-013-0640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are major signal transduction factors that have a central role in mediating acclimation to environmental changes in eukaryotic organisms. In this study, we cloned and identified three salt overly sensitive 2 (SOS2) genes in the woody plant Populus trichocarpa, designated as PtSOS2.1, PtSOS2.2, and PtSOS2.3, which were transformed into hybrid poplar clone T89 (Populus tremula× Populus tremuloides Michx clone T89) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Southern and northern blot analyses verified that the three genes integrated into the plant genome, and were expressed at a stable transcription level. Meanwhile, overexpression of all three PtSOS2 genes did not retard the growth of plants under normal conditions. Instead, it promoted growth in both agar-medium and soil conditions in response to salinity stress. Under salt stress, overexpression of PtSOS2.1, PtSOS2.2, and PtSOS2.3 increased the concentrations of proline and photosynthetic pigments, and the relative water content (RWC), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in transgenic lines compared to the control. These results suggest that overexpression of PtSOS2 plays a significant role in improving the salt tolerance of poplars, reducing the damage to membrane structures, and enhancing osmotic adjustment and antioxidative enzyme regulation under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Like Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Luozhong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Xiang Yu
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
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Shankar A, Singh A, Kanwar P, Srivastava AK, Pandey A, Suprasanna P, Kapoor S, Pandey GK. Gene expression analysis of rice seedling under potassium deprivation reveals major changes in metabolism and signaling components. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70321. [PMID: 23922980 PMCID: PMC3726378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant nutrition is one of the important areas for improving the yield and quality in crops as well as non-crop plants. Potassium is an essential plant nutrient and is required in abundance for their proper growth and development. Potassium deficiency directly affects the plant growth and hence crop yield and production. Recently, potassium-dependent transcriptomic analysis has been performed in the model plant Arabidopsis, however in cereals and crop plants; such a transcriptome analysis has not been undertaken till date. In rice, the molecular mechanism for the regulation of potassium starvation responses has not been investigated in detail. Here, we present a combined physiological and whole genome transcriptomic study of rice seedlings exposed to a brief period of potassium deficiency then replenished with potassium. Our results reveal that the expressions of a diverse set of genes annotated with many distinct functions were altered under potassium deprivation. Our findings highlight altered expression patterns of potassium-responsive genes majorly involved in metabolic processes, stress responses, signaling pathways, transcriptional regulation, and transport of multiple molecules including K+. Interestingly, several genes responsive to low-potassium conditions show a reversal in expression upon resupply of potassium. The results of this study indicate that potassium deprivation leads to activation of multiple genes and gene networks, which may be acting in concert to sense the external potassium and mediate uptake, distribution and ultimately adaptation to low potassium conditions. The interplay of both upregulated and downregulated genes globally in response to potassium deprivation determines how plants cope with the stress of nutrient deficiency at different physiological as well as developmental stages of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Shankar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Kanwar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Amita Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Chen Y, Yu M, Zhu Z, Zhang L, Guo Q. Optimisation of potassium chloride nutrition for proper growth, physiological development and bioactive component production in Prunella vulgaris L. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66259. [PMID: 23874390 PMCID: PMC3706589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris L. is an important medicinal plant with a variety of pharmacological activities, but limited information is available about its response to potassium chloride (KCl) supplementation. P. vulgaris seedlings were cultured in media with four different KCl levels (0, 1.00, 6.00 and 40.00 mM). Characteristics relating to the growth, foliar potassium, water and chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, transpiration, nitrogen metabolism, bioactive constituent concentrations and yield were determined after three months. The appropriate KCl concentration was 6.00 mM to result in the highest values for dry weight, shoot height, spica and root weight, spica length and number in P. vulgaris. The optimum KCl concentration resulted in a maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn) that could be associated with the highest chlorophyll content and fully open stomata conductance. A supply of surplus KCl resulted in a higher concentration of foliar potassium and negatively correlated with the biomass. Plants that were treated with the appropriate KCl level showed a greater capacity for nitrate assimilation. The Pn was significantly and positively correlated with nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities and was positively correlated with leaf-soluble protein and free amino acid (FAA) contents. Both KCl starvation (0 mM) and high KCl (40.00 mM) led to water loss through a high transpiration rate and low water absorption, respectively, and resulted in increased concentrations of ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA) and flavonoids, with the exception of rosmarinic acid (RA). Moreover, the optimum concentration of KCl significantly increased the yields of RA, UA, OA and flavonoids. Our findings suggested that significantly higher plant biomass; chlorophyll content; Pn; stronger nitrogen anabolism; lower RA, UA, OA and flavonoid accumulation; and greater RA, UA, OA and flavonoid yields in P. vulgaris could be expected in the presence of the appropriate KCl concentration (6.00 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Structure Specificity of Small Molecules for Drug Research University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Manman Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zaibiao Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qiaosheng Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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