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Li Q, Zheng X, Chen M. Ecotoxicological effects of tungsten on celery ( Apium graveolens L) and pepper ( Capsicum spp.). PeerJ 2024; 12:e17601. [PMID: 38938608 PMCID: PMC11210458 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tungsten (W) is an emerging heavy metal pollutant, yet research remains scarce on the biomonitor and sensitive biomarkers for W contamination. Methods In this study, celery and pepper were chosen as study subjects and subjected to exposure cultivation in solutions with five different levels of W. The physiological and biochemical toxicities of W on these two plants were systematically analyzed. The feasibility of utilizing celery and pepper as biomonitor organisms for W contamination was explored and indicative biomarkers were screened. Results The results indicated that W could inhibit plants' root length, shoot height, and fresh weight while concurrently promoting membrane lipid peroxidation. Additionally, W enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) to counteract oxidative damage. From a physiological perspective, pepper exhibited potential as a biomonitor for W contamination. Biochemical indicators suggested that SOD could serve as a sensitive biomarker for W in celery, while TAOC and POD were more suitable for the roots and leaves of pepper. In conclusion, our study investigated the toxic effects of W on celery and pepper, contributing to the understanding of W's environmental toxicity. Furthermore, it provided insights for selecting biomonitor organisms and sensitive biomarkers for W contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Mining and Metallurgy, Ganzhou, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center jointly established by the Ministry and the Ministry of Rare Earth Resources Development and Utilization, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Mining and Metallurgy, Ganzhou, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center jointly established by the Ministry and the Ministry of Rare Earth Resources Development and Utilization, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Mining and Metallurgy, Ganzhou, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center jointly established by the Ministry and the Ministry of Rare Earth Resources Development and Utilization, Ganzhou, China
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2
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Sánchez-Vicente I, Lechón T, Fernández-Marcos M, Sanz L, Lorenzo O. Nitric Oxide Alters the Pattern of Auxin Maxima and PIN-FORMED1 During Shoot Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:630792. [PMID: 34122465 PMCID: PMC8189175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.630792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hormone patterns tailor cell fate decisions during plant organ formation. Among them, auxins and cytokinins are critical phytohormones during early development. Nitric oxide (NO) modulates root architecture by the control of auxin spatial patterns. However, NO involvement during the coordination of shoot organogenesis remains unclear. Here, we explore the effect of NO during shoot development by using a phenotypic, cellular, and genetic analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana and get new insights into the characterization of NO-mediated leaf-related phenotypes. NO homeostasis mutants are impaired in several shoot architectural parameters, including phyllotactic patterns, inflorescence stem elongation, silique production, leaf number, and margin. Auxin distribution is a key feature for tissue differentiation and need to be controlled at different levels (i.e., synthesis, transport, and degradation mechanisms). The phenotypes resulting from the introduction of the cue1 mutation in the axr1 auxin resistant and pin1 backgrounds exacerbate the relationship between NO and auxins. Using the auxin reporter DR5:GUS, we observed an increase in auxin maxima under NO-deficient mutant backgrounds and NO scavenging, pointing to NO-ASSOCIATED 1 (NOA1) as the main player related to NO production in this process. Furthermore, polar auxin transport is mainly regulated by PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1), which controls the flow along leaf margin and venations. Analysis of PIN1 protein levels shows that NO controls its accumulation during leaf development, impacting the auxin mediated mechanism of leaf building. With these findings, we also provide evidence for the NO opposite effects to determine root and shoot architecture, in terms of PIN1 accumulation under NO overproduction.
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3
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Dobrikova AG, Apostolova EL, Hanć A, Yotsova E, Borisova P, Sperdouli I, Adamakis IDS, Moustakas M. Cadmium toxicity in Salvia sclarea L.: An integrative response of element uptake, oxidative stress markers, leaf structure and photosynthesis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111851. [PMID: 33421673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The herbal plant Salvia sclarea L. (clary sage) is classified to cadmium (Cd) accumulators and considered as a potential plant for phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil. However, the effect of Cd only treatment on the function of the photosynthetic apparatus of S. sclarea, as well as the mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance have not yet been studied in detail. This study was conducted to examine the integrative responses of S. sclarea plants exposed to a high Cd supply (100 µM) for 3 and 8 days by investigating element nutrient uptake, oxidative stress markers, pigment composition, photosynthetic performance and leaf structure. Measurements of the functional activities of photosystem I (PSI, by P700 photooxidation), photosystem II (PSII, by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters), the oxygen-evolving complex (oxygen evolution by Joliot- and Clark-type electrodes), as well as the leaf pigment and phenolic contents, were used to evaluate the protective mechanisms of the photosynthetic apparatus under Cd stress. Data suggested that the molecular mechanisms included in the photosynthetic tolerance to Cd toxicity involve strongly increased phenolic and anthocyanin contents, as well as an increased non-photochemical quenching and accelerated cyclic electron transport around PSI up to 61%, which protect the function of the photosynthetic apparatus under stress. Furthermore, the tolerance of S. sclarea to Cd stress is also associated with increased accumulation of Fe in leaves by 25%. All the above, clearly suggest that S. sclarea plants employ several different mechanisms to protect the function of the photosynthetic apparatus against Cd stress, which are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelia G Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Emilia L Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ekaterina Yotsova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Preslava Borisova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Cytokinesis in fra2 Arabidopsis thaliana p60-Katanin Mutant: Defects in Cell Plate/Daughter Wall Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031405. [PMID: 33573354 PMCID: PMC7866812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is accomplished in higher plants by the phragmoplast, creating and conducting the cell plate to separate daughter nuclei by a new cell wall. The microtubule-severing enzyme p60-katanin plays an important role in the centrifugal expansion and timely disappearance of phragmoplast microtubules. Consequently, aberrant structure and delayed expansion rate of the phragmoplast have been reported to occur in p60-katanin mutants. Here, the consequences of p60-katanin malfunction in cell plate/daughter wall formation were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in root cells of the fra2Arabidopsis thaliana loss-of-function mutant. In addition, deviations in the chemical composition of cell plate/new cell wall were identified by immunolabeling and confocal microscopy. It was found that, apart from defective phragmoplast microtubule organization, cell plates/new cell walls also appeared faulty in structure, being unevenly thick and perforated by large gaps. In addition, demethylesterified homogalacturonans were prematurely present in fra2 cell plates, while callose content was significantly lower than in the wild type. Furthermore, KNOLLE syntaxin disappeared from newly formed cell walls in fra2 earlier than in the wild type. Taken together, these observations indicate that delayed cytokinesis, due to faulty phragmoplast organization and expansion, results in a loss of synchronization between cell plate growth and its chemical maturation.
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Meidani C, Savvidis A, Lampropoulou E, Sagia A, Katsifas E, Monokrousos N, Hatzinikolaou DG, Karagouni AD, Giannoutsou E, Adamakis IDS, Ntalli NG. Τhe Nematicidal Potential of Bioactive Streptomyces Strains Isolated from Greek Rhizosphere Soils Tested on Arabidopsis Plants of Varying Susceptibility to Meloidogyne spp. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E699. [PMID: 32486213 PMCID: PMC7355556 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 461 indigenous Streptomycetes strains recovered from various Greek rhizosphere habitats were tested for their bioactivity. All isolates were examined for their ability to suppress the growth of 12 specific target microorganisms. Twenty-six were found to exert antimicrobial activity and were screened for potential nematicidal action. S. monomycini ATHUBA 220, S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438, S. colombiensis ATHUBA 431, and S. youssoufensis ATHUBA 546 were proved to have a nematicidal effect and thus were further sequenced. Batch culture supernatants and solvent extracts were assessed for paralysis on Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2). The solvent extracts of S. monomycini ATHUBA 220 and S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438 had the highest paralysis rates, so these Streptomycetes strains were further on tested for nematodes' biological cycle arrest on two Arabidopsis thaliana plants; the wild type (Col-0) and the katanin mutant fra2, which is susceptible to M. incognita. Interestingly, S. monomycini ATHUBA 220 and S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438 were able to negatively affect the M. incognita biological cycle in Col-0 and fra2 respectively, and increased growth in Col-0 upon M. incognita infection. However, they were ineffective against M. javanica. Fra2 plants were also proved susceptible to M. javanica infestation, with a reduced growth upon treatments with the Streptomyces strains. The nematicidal action and the plant-growth modulating abilities of the selected Streptomycetes strains are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianna Meidani
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (A.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (D.G.H.); (E.G.); (I.-D.S.A.)
| | - Alexandros Savvidis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (A.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (D.G.H.); (E.G.); (I.-D.S.A.)
| | - Evaggelia Lampropoulou
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (A.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (D.G.H.); (E.G.); (I.-D.S.A.)
| | - Aggeliki Sagia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (A.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (D.G.H.); (E.G.); (I.-D.S.A.)
| | - Efstathios Katsifas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (A.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (D.G.H.); (E.G.); (I.-D.S.A.)
| | - Nikolaos Monokrousos
- Department of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitris G. Hatzinikolaou
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (A.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (D.G.H.); (E.G.); (I.-D.S.A.)
| | - Amalia D. Karagouni
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (A.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (D.G.H.); (E.G.); (I.-D.S.A.)
| | - Eleni Giannoutsou
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (A.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (D.G.H.); (E.G.); (I.-D.S.A.)
| | - Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. Adamakis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (A.S.); (E.L.); (A.S.); (E.K.); (D.G.H.); (E.G.); (I.-D.S.A.)
| | - Nikoletta G. Ntalli
- Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Athens, Greece
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Bahmani R, Kim D, Modareszadeh M, Thompson AJ, Park JH, Yoo HH, Hwang S. The mechanism of root growth inhibition by the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113516. [PMID: 31733969 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a harmful environmental contaminant acting as an endocrine disruptor in animals, but it also affects growth and development in plants. Here, we have elucidated the functional mechanism of root growth inhibition by BPA in Arabidopsis thaliana using mutants, reporter lines and a pharmacological approach. In response to 10 ppm BPA, fresh weight and main root length were reduced, while auxin levels increased. BPA inhibited root growth by reducing root cell length in the elongation zone by suppressing expansin expression and by decreasing the length of the meristem zone by repressing cell division. The inhibition of cell elongation and cell division was attributed to the enhanced accumulation/redistribution of auxin in the elongation zone and meristem zone in response to BPA. Correspondingly, the expressions of most auxin biosynthesis and transporter genes were enhanced in roots by BPA. Taken together, it is assumed that the endocrine disruptor BPA inhibits primary root growth by inhibiting cell elongation and division through auxin accumulation/redistribution in Arabidopsis. This study will contribute to understanding how BPA affects growth and development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Bahmani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; The Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - DongGwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; The Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Mahsa Modareszadeh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; The Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Andrew J Thompson
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Seongbin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; The Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea.
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7
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León J, Costa-Broseta Á. Present knowledge and controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions on nitric oxide synthesis, sensing, and signaling in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43. [PMID: 31323702 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
After 30 years of intensive work, nitric oxide (NO) has just started to be characterized as a relevant regulatory molecule on plant development and responses to stress. Its reactivity as a free radical determines its mode of action as an inducer of posttranslational modifications of key target proteins through cysteine S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration. Many of the NO-triggered regulatory actions are exerted in tight coordination with phytohormone signaling. This review not only summarizes and updates the information accumulated on how NO is synthesized, sensed, and transduced in plants but also makes emphasis on controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions that are hampering our present knowledge on the biology of NO in plants. The development of noninvasive accurate tools for the endogenous NO quantitation as well as the implementation of genetic approaches that overcome misleading pharmacological experiments will be critical for getting significant advances in better knowledge of NO homeostasis and regulatory actions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José León
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Costa-Broseta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Meidani C, Ntalli NG, Giannoutsou E, Adamakis IDS. Cell Wall Modifications in Giant Cells Induced by the Plant Parasitic Nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Wild-Type (Col-0) and the fra2 Arabidopsis thaliana Katanin Mutant. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5465. [PMID: 31684028 PMCID: PMC6862268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Meloidogyne incognita is a root knot nematode (RKN) species which is among the most notoriously unmanageable crop pests with a wide host range. It inhabits plants and induces unique feeding site structures within host roots, known as giant cells (GCs). The cell walls of the GCs undergo the process of both thickening and loosening to allow expansion and finally support nutrient uptake by the nematode. In this study, a comparative in situ analysis of cell wall polysaccharides in the GCs of wild-type Col-0 and the microtubule-defective fra2 katanin mutant, both infected with M. incognita has been carried out. The fra2 mutant had an increased infection rate. Moreover, fra2 roots exhibited a differential pectin and hemicellulose distribution when compared to Col-0 probably mirroring the fra2 root developmental defects. Features of fra2 GC walls include the presence of high-esterified pectic homogalacturonan and pectic arabinan, possibly to compensate for the reduced levels of callose, which was omnipresent in GCs of Col-0. Katanin severing of microtubules seems important in plant defense against M. incognita, with the nematode, however, to be nonchalant about this "katanin deficiency" and eventually induce the necessary GC cell wall modifications to establish a feeding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianna Meidani
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikoletta G Ntalli
- Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleni Giannoutsou
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece.
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Adamakis IDS, Eleftheriou EP. Structural Evidence of Programmed Cell Death Induction by Tungsten in Root Tip Cells of Pisum sativum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E62. [PMID: 30862127 PMCID: PMC6473820 DOI: 10.3390/plants8030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that excess tungsten (W), a rare heavy metal, is toxic to plant cells and may induce a kind of programmed cell death (PCD). In the present study we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to investigate the subcellular malformations caused by W, supplied as 200 mg/L sodium tungstate (Na₂WO₄) for 12 or 24 h, in root tip cells of Pisum sativum (pea), The objective was to provide additional evidence in support of the notion of PCD induction and the presumed involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is shown ultrastructurally that W inhibited seedling growth, deranged root tip morphology, induced the collapse and deformation of vacuoles, degraded Golgi bodies, increased the incidence of multivesicular and multilamellar bodies, and caused the detachment of the plasma membrane from the cell walls. Plastids and mitochondria were also affected. By TEM, the endoplasmic reticulum appeared in aggregations of straight, curved or concentric cisternae, frequently enclosing cytoplasmic organelles, while by CLSM it appeared in bright ring-like aggregations and was severely disrupted in mitotic cells. However, no evidence of ROS increase was obtained. Overall, these findings support the view of a W-induced vacuolar destructive PCD without ROS enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Qin S, Sun X, Hu C, Tan Q, Zhao X, Xu S. Effects of tungsten on uptake, transport and subcellular distribution of molybdenum in oilseed rape at two different molybdenum levels. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 256:87-93. [PMID: 28167042 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the similarities of molybdenum (Mo) with tungsten (W) in the physical structure and chemical properties, studies involving the two elements have mainly examined their competitive relationships. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of equimolar W on Mo accumulation, transport and subcellular distribution in oilseed rape at two Mo levels with four treatments: Mo1 (1μmol/L Mo, Low Mo), Mo1+W1 (1μmol/L Mo+1μmol/LW, Low Mo with Low W), Mo200 (200μmol/L Mo, High Mo) and Mo200+W200 (200μmol/L Mo+200μmol/L Mo, High Mo with high W). The fresh weight and root growth were inhibited by equimolar W at both low and high Mo levels. The Mo concentration and accumulation in root was increased by equimolar W at the low Mo level, but that in the root and shoot was decreased at the high Mo level. Additionally, equimolar W increased the Mo concentrations of xylem and phloem sap at low Mo level, but decreased that of xylem and increased that of phloem sap at the high Mo level. Furthermore, equimolar W decreased the expression of BnMOT1 in roots and leaves at the low Mo level, and only decreased its expression in leaves at the high Mo level. The expression of BnMOT2 was also decreased in root for equimolar W compared with the low Mo level, but increased compared with high Mo level. Moreover, equimolar W increased the proportion of Mo in cell wall fraction in root and that of soluble fraction in leaves when compared with the low Mo level. The results suggest that cell wall and soluble fractions might be responsible for the adaptation of oilseed rape to W stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Qin
- Micro-Element Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Micro-Element Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- Micro-Element Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Qiling Tan
- Micro-Element Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Micro-Element Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Shoujun Xu
- Micro-Element Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, China
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11
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Eleftheriou EP, Adamakis IDS, Michalopoulou VA. Hexavalent chromium-induced differential disruption of cortical microtubules in some Fabaceae species is correlated with acetylation of α-tubulin. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:531-42. [PMID: 26015161 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] on the cortical microtubules (MTs) of five species of the Fabaceae family (Vicia faba, Pisum sativum, Vigna sinensis, Vigna angularis, and Medicago sativa) were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy after immunolocalization of total tubulin with conventional immunofluorescence techniques and of acetylated α-tubulin with the specific 6-11B-1 monoclonal antibody. Moreover, total α-tubulin and acetylated α-tubulin were quantified by Western immunoblotting and scanning densitometry. Results showed the universality of Cr(VI) detrimental effects to cortical MTs, which proved to be a sensitive and reliable subcellular marker for monitoring Cr(VI) toxicity in plant cells. However, a species-specific response was recorded, and a correlation of MT disturbance with the acetylation status of α-tubulin was demonstrated. In V. faba, MTs were depolymerized at the gain of cytoplasmic tubulin background and displayed low α-tubulin acetylation, while in P. sativum, V. sinensis, V. angularis, and M. sativa, MTs became bundled and changed orientation from perpendicular to oblique or longitudinal. Bundled MTs were highly acetylated as determined by both immunofluorescence and Western immunoblotting. Tubulin acetylation in P. sativum and M. sativa preceded MT bundling; in V. sinensis it followed MT derangement, while in V. angularis the two phenomena coincided. Total α-tubulin remained constant in all treatments. Should acetylation be an indicator of MT stabilization, it is deduced that bundled MTs became stabilized, lost their dynamic properties, and were rendered inactive. Results of this report allow the conclusion that Cr(VI) toxicity disrupts MTs and deranges the MT-mediated functions either by depolymerizing or stabilizing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Vasiliki A Michalopoulou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Adamakis IDS, Panteris E, Eleftheriou EP. "CLASPing" tungsten's effects on microtubules with "PINs". PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1064572. [PMID: 26313814 PMCID: PMC4883889 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1064572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten, supplied as sodium tungstate, inhibits root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana, which has been attributed to a diminishing of PIN2 and PIN3 auxin efflux carriers. In this work, we sought to analyze the effect of tungsten on cortical microtubules and CLASP (Cytoplasmic Linker Associated Protein), which are also involved in the anisotropic cell expansion of root cells. Seedlings grown in a tungsten-free substrate for 4 d and then transplanted into a tungsten-containing substrate exhibited randomly oriented microtubules in a time-dependent manner. While tungsten had no effect on roots treated for 3 h, microtubule alignment was obviously affected in the transition and elongation zones after a 6, 12, 24, 48 h tungsten treatment, at prolonged tungsten administrations and in seedlings grown directly in the presence of tungsten. This change in microtubule orientation may be associated with the reduction of CLASP protein expression induced by tungsten, as evidenced in experiments with plants expressing the CLASP-GFP protein. A possible mechanism, by which the coordinated functions of CLASP, PIN2 and microtubules are affected, as revealed by inhibited root growth, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany; School of Biology, Aristotle University; Thessaloniki, Greece
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Eleftheriou EP, Adamakis IDS, Panteris E, Fatsiou M. Chromium-Induced Ultrastructural Changes and Oxidative Stress in Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15852-71. [PMID: 26184178 PMCID: PMC4519928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an abundant heavy metal in nature, toxic to living organisms. As it is widely used in industry and leather tanning, it may accumulate locally at high concentrations, raising concerns for human health hazards. Though Cr effects have extensively been investigated in animals and mammals, in plants they are poorly understood. The present study was then undertaken to determine the ultrastructural malformations induced by hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], the most toxic form provided as 100 μM potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), in the root tip cells of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. A concentration-dependent decrease of root growth and a time-dependent increase of dead cells, callose deposition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and peroxidase activity were found in Cr(VI)-treated seedlings, mostly at the transition root zone. In the same zone, nuclei remained ultrastructurally unaffected, but in the meristematic zone some nuclei displayed bulbous outgrowths or contained tubular structures. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was less affected under Cr(VI) stress, but Golgi bodies appeared severely disintegrated. Moreover, mitochondria and plastids became spherical and displayed translucent stroma with diminished internal membranes, but noteworthy is that their double-membrane envelopes remained structurally intact. Starch grains and electron dense deposits occurred in the plastids. Amorphous material was also deposited in the cell walls, the middle lamella and the vacuoles. Some vacuoles were collapsed, but the tonoplast appeared integral. The plasma membrane was structurally unaffected and the cytoplasm contained opaque lipid droplets and dense electron deposits. All electron dense deposits presumably consisted of Cr that is sequestered from sensitive sites, thus contributing to metal tolerance. It is concluded that the ultrastructural changes are reactive oxygen species (ROS)-correlated and the malformations observed are organelle specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Maria Fatsiou
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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