1
|
Miranda S, Koop M, Angeli A, Lagrèze J, Malnoy M, Martens S. Assessment and Partial Characterization of Candidate Genes in Dihydrochalcone and Arbutin Biosynthesis in an Apple-Pear Hybrid by De Novo Transcriptome Assembly. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11804-11819. [PMID: 38717061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and pears (Pyrus communis L.) are valuable crops closely related within the Rosaceae family with reported nutraceutical properties derived from secondary metabolites including phloridzin and arbutin, which are distinctive phenolic metabolites characterizing apples and pears, respectively. Here, we generated a de novo transcriptome assembly of an intergeneric hybrid between apple and pear, accumulating intermediate levels of phloridzin and arbutin. Combining RNA-seq, in silico functional annotation prediction, targeted gene expression analysis, and expression-metabolite correlations, we identified candidate genes for functional characterization, resulting in the identification of active arbutin synthases in the hybrid and parental genotypes. Despite exhibiting an active arbutin synthase in vitro, the natural lack of arbutin in apples is reasoned by the absence of the substrate and broad substrate specificity. Altogether, our study serves as the basis for future assessment of potential physiological roles of identified genes by genome editing of hybrids and pears.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simón Miranda
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Marion Koop
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Jorge Lagrèze
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Y, Liu XY, Zhao Q, Wu D, Ren JT, Ma M, Li PY, Wu JC, Gao WY, Li H. Changes in α-Dicarbonyl Compound Contents during Storage of Various Fruits and Juices. Foods 2024; 13:1509. [PMID: 38790808 PMCID: PMC11119979 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Dicarbonyl compounds (α-DCs) are commonly present in various foods. We conducted the investigation into concentration changes of α-DCs including 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO) in fresh fruits and decapped commercial juices during storage at room temperature and 4 °C, as well as in homemade juices during storage at 4 °C. The studies indicate the presence of α-DCs in all samples. The initial contents of 3-DG in the commercial juices (6.74 to 65.61 μg/mL) are higher than those in the homemade ones (1.97 to 4.65 μg/mL) as well as fruits (1.58 to 3.33 μg/g). The initial concentrations of GO and MGO are normally less than 1 μg/mL in all samples. During storage, the α-DC levels in the fruits exhibit an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease, whereas, in all juices, they tend to accumulate continuously over time. As expected, 4 °C storage reduces the increase rates of the α-DC concentrations in most samples. From the viewpoint of the α-DC contents, fruits and homemade juices should always be the first choice for daily intake of nutrients and commercial juices ought to be mostly avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.Y.); (X.-Y.L.); (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (J.-T.R.); (M.M.); (P.-Y.L.); (J.-C.W.); (W.-Y.G.)
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Medical University, 1 Xinwang Road, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Xue-Yi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.Y.); (X.-Y.L.); (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (J.-T.R.); (M.M.); (P.-Y.L.); (J.-C.W.); (W.-Y.G.)
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.Y.); (X.-Y.L.); (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (J.-T.R.); (M.M.); (P.-Y.L.); (J.-C.W.); (W.-Y.G.)
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.Y.); (X.-Y.L.); (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (J.-T.R.); (M.M.); (P.-Y.L.); (J.-C.W.); (W.-Y.G.)
| | - Jin-Tao Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.Y.); (X.-Y.L.); (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (J.-T.R.); (M.M.); (P.-Y.L.); (J.-C.W.); (W.-Y.G.)
| | - Meng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.Y.); (X.-Y.L.); (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (J.-T.R.); (M.M.); (P.-Y.L.); (J.-C.W.); (W.-Y.G.)
| | - Pei-Yun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.Y.); (X.-Y.L.); (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (J.-T.R.); (M.M.); (P.-Y.L.); (J.-C.W.); (W.-Y.G.)
| | - Jia-Cai Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.Y.); (X.-Y.L.); (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (J.-T.R.); (M.M.); (P.-Y.L.); (J.-C.W.); (W.-Y.G.)
| | - Wen-Yun Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.Y.); (X.-Y.L.); (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (J.-T.R.); (M.M.); (P.-Y.L.); (J.-C.W.); (W.-Y.G.)
| | - Heng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.Y.); (X.-Y.L.); (Q.Z.); (D.W.); (J.-T.R.); (M.M.); (P.-Y.L.); (J.-C.W.); (W.-Y.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Demircan N, Sonmez MC, Akyol TY, Ozgur R, Turkan I, Dietz KJ, Uzilday B. Alternative electron sinks in chloroplasts and mitochondria of halophytes as a safety valve for controlling ROS production during salinity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14397. [PMID: 38894507 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Electron flow through the electron transport chain (ETC) is essential for oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Electron fluxes depend on environmental parameters, e.g., ionic and osmotic conditions and endogenous factors, and this may cause severe imbalances. Plants have evolved alternative sinks to balance the reductive load on the electron transport chains in order to avoid overreduction, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to cope with environmental stresses. These sinks act primarily as valves for electron drainage and secondarily as regulators of tolerance-related metabolism, utilizing the excess reductive energy. High salinity is an environmental stressor that stimulates the generation of ROS and oxidative stress, which affects growth and development by disrupting the redox homeostasis of plants. While glycophytic plants are sensitive to high salinity, halophytic plants tolerate, grow, and reproduce at high salinity. Various studies have examined the ETC systems of glycophytic plants, however, information about the state and regulation of ETCs in halophytes under non-saline and saline conditions is scarce. This review focuses on alternative electron sinks in chloroplasts and mitochondria of halophytic plants. In cases where information on halophytes is lacking, we examined the available knowledge on the relationship between alternative sinks and gradual salinity resilience of glycophytes. To this end, transcriptional responses of involved components of photosynthetic and respiratory ETCs were compared between the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana and the halophyte Schrenkiella parvula, and the time-courses of these transcripts were examined in A. thaliana. The observed regulatory patterns are discussed in the context of reactive molecular species formation in halophytes and glycophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nil Demircan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Turgut Yigit Akyol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rengin Ozgur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Soil and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Yasar University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Baris Uzilday
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Ma M, Tang Y, Huang Z, Guo Y, Ma Q, Zhao L. A NADPH-Dependent Aldo/Keto Reductase Is Responsible for Detoxifying 3-Keto-Deoxynivalenol to 3- epi-Deoxynivalenol in Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101. Foods 2024; 13:1064. [PMID: 38611368 PMCID: PMC11011506 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), primarily generated by Fusarium species, often exists in agricultural products. It can be transformed to 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON), with a relatively low toxicity, via two steps. DDH in Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101 was proved to convert DON to 3-keto-deoxynivalenol (3-keto-DON). In the present research, AKR4, a NADPH-dependent aldo/keto reductase from P. halotolerans ANSP101, was identified to be capable of converting 3-keto-DON into 3-epi-DON. Our results demonstrated that AKR4 is clearly a NADPH-dependent enzyme, for its utilization of NADPH is higher than that of NADH. AKR4 functions at a range of pH 5-10 and temperatures of 20-60 °C. AKR4 is able to degrade 89% of 3-keto-DON in 90 min at pH 7 and 50 °C with NADPH as the cofactor. The discovery of AKR4, serving as an enzyme involved in the final step in DON degradation, might provide an option for the final detoxification of DON in food and feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Mingxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Zhenqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Yongpeng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.H.); (Q.M.)
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (Z.H.); (Q.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garai S, Bhowal B, Gupta M, Sopory SK, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A, Kaur C. Role of methylglyoxal and redox homeostasis in microbe-mediated stress mitigation in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111922. [PMID: 37952767 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the general consequences of stress in plants is the accumulation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and carbonyl species (like methylglyoxal) to levels that are detrimental for plant growth. These reactive species are inherently produced in all organisms and serve different physiological functions but their excessive accumulation results in cellular toxicity. It is, therefore, essential to restore equilibrium between their synthesis and breakdown to ensure normal cellular functioning. Detoxification mechanisms that scavenge these reactive species are considered important for stress mitigation as they maintain redox balance by restricting the levels of ROS, methylglyoxal and other reactive species in the cellular milieu. Stress tolerance imparted to plants by root-associated microbes involves a multitude of mechanisms, including maintenance of redox homeostasis. By improving the overall antioxidant response in plants, microbes can strengthen defense pathways and hence, the adaptive abilities of plants to sustain growth under stress. Hence, through this review we wish to highlight the contribution of root microbiota in modulating the levels of reactive species and thereby, maintaining redox homeostasis in plants as one of the important mechanisms of stress alleviation. Further, we also examine the microbial mechanisms of resistance to oxidative stress and their role in combating plant stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sampurna Garai
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bidisha Bhowal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mayank Gupta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Charanpreet Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ali Z, Hakeem S, Wiehle M, Saddique MAB, Habib-ur-Rahman M. Prioritizing strategies for wheat biofortification: Inspiration from underutilized species. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20208. [PMID: 37818015 PMCID: PMC10560789 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between malnutrition and climate change is still poorly understood but a comprehensive knowledge of their interactions is needed to address the global public health agenda. Limited studies have been conducted to propose robust and economic-friendly strategies to augment the food basket with underutilized species and biofortify the staples for nutritional security. Sea-buckthorn is a known "superfood" rich in vitamin C and iron content. It is found naturally in northern hemispherical temperate Eurasia and can be utilized as a model species for genetic biofortification in cash crops like wheat. This review focuses on the impacts of climate change on inorganic (iron, zinc) and organic (vitamin C) micronutrient malnutrition employing wheat as highly domesticated crop and processed food commodity. As iron and zinc are particularly stored in the outer aleurone and endosperm layers, they are prone to processing losses. Moreover, only 5% Fe and 25% Zn are bioavailable once consumed calling to enhance the bioavailability of these micronutrients. Vitamin C converts non-available iron (Fe3+) to available form (Fe2+) and helps in the synthesis of ferritin while protecting it from degradation at the same time. Similarly, reduced phytic acid content also enhances its bioavailability. This relation urges scientists to look for a common mechanism and genes underlying biosynthesis of vitamin C and uptake of Fe/Zn to biofortify these micronutrients concurrently. The study proposes to scale up the biofortification breeding strategies by focusing on all dimensions i.e., increasing micronutrient content and boosters (vitamin C) and simultaneously reducing anti-nutritional compounds (phytic acid). Mutually, this review identified that genes from the Aldo-keto reductase family are involved both in Fe/Zn uptake and vitamin C biosynthesis and can potentially be targeted for genetic biofortification in crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Programs and Projects Department, Islamic Organization for Food Security, Mangilik Yel Ave. 55/21 AIFC, Unit 4, C4.2, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sadia Hakeem
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Martin Wiehle
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
- Centre for International Rural Development, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | | | - Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sheela HS, Vennapusa AR, Melmaiee K, Prasad TG, Reddy CP. Pyramiding of transcription factor, PgHSF4, and stress-responsive genes of p68, Pg47, and PsAKR1 impart multiple abiotic stress tolerance in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1233248. [PMID: 37692421 PMCID: PMC10492517 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1233248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heat stress significantly affect rice crop growth and production. Under uncertain climatic conditions, the concurrent multiple abiotic stresses at different stages of rice production became a major challenge for agriculture. Hence, improving rice's multiple abiotic stress tolerance is essential to overcome unprecedented challenges under adverse environmental conditions. A significant challenge for rice breeding programs in improving abiotic stress tolerance involves multiple traits and their complexity. Multiple traits must be targeted to improve multiple stress tolerance in rice and uncover the mechanisms. With this hypothesis, in the present study gene stacking approach is used to integrate multiple traits involved in stress tolerance. The multigene transgenics co-expressing Pennisetum glaucum 47 (Pg47), Pea 68 (p68), Pennisetum glaucum Heat Shock Factor 4(PgHSF4), and Pseudomonas Aldo Keto Reductase 1 (PsAKR1) genes in the rice genotype (AC39020) were developed using the in-planta transformation method. The promising transgenic lines maintained higher yields under semi-irrigated aerobic cultivation (moisture stress). These 15 promising transgenic rice seedlings showed improved shoot and root growth traits under salinity, accelerating aging, temperature, and oxidative stress. They showed better physiological characteristics, such as chlorophyll content, membrane stability, and lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species, under multiple abiotic stresses than wild-type. Enhanced expression of transgenes and other stress-responsive downstream genes such as HSP70, SOD, APX, SOS, PP2C, and P5CS in transgenic lines suggest the possible molecular mechanism for imparting the abiotic stress tolerance. This study proved that multiple genes stacking as a novel strategy induce several mechanisms and responsible traits to overcome multiple abiotic stresses. This multigene combination can potentially improve tolerance to multiple abiotic stress conditions and pave the way for developing climate-resilient crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. S. Sheela
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, KA, India
| | - Amaranatha R. Vennapusa
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, KA, India
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
| | - Kalpalatha Melmaiee
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
| | - T. G. Prasad
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, KA, India
| | - Chandrashekar P. Reddy
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, KA, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han Z, Gong Q, Huang S, Meng X, Xu Y, Li L, Shi Y, Lin J, Chen X, Li C, Ma H, Liu J, Zhang X, Chen D, Si J. Machine learning uncovers accumulation mechanism of flavonoid compounds in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107839. [PMID: 37352696 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The compositions and yield of flavonoid compounds of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PC) are important indices of the quality of medicinal materials. However, the flavonoids compositions and accumulation mechanism are still unclear in PC. Here, we identified 22 flavonoids using widely-targeted metabolome analysis in 15 genotypes of PC. Then weighted gene co-expression network analysis based on 45 transcriptome samples was performed to construct 12 co-expressed modules, in which blue module highly correlated with flavonoids was identified. Furthermore, 4 feature genes including PcCHS1, PcCHI, PcCHS2 and PcCHR5 were identified from 94 hub genes in blue module via machine learning methods support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest (RF), and their functions on metabolic flux of flavonoids pathway were confirmed by tobacco transient expression system. Our findings identified representative flavonoids and key enzymes in PC that provided new insight for elite breeding rich in flavonoids, and thus will be beneficial for rapid development of great potential economic and medicinal value of PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Qiqi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Suya Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Xinyue Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Lige Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Junhao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Xueliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Haijie Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Donghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Jinping Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lagergren J, Pavicic M, Chhetri HB, York LM, Hyatt D, Kainer D, Rutter EM, Flores K, Bailey-Bale J, Klein M, Taylor G, Jacobson D, Streich J. Few-Shot Learning Enables Population-Scale Analysis of Leaf Traits in Populus trichocarpa. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0072. [PMID: 37519935 PMCID: PMC10380552 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenotyping is typically a time-consuming and expensive endeavor, requiring large groups of researchers to meticulously measure biologically relevant plant traits, and is the main bottleneck in understanding plant adaptation and the genetic architecture underlying complex traits at population scale. In this work, we address these challenges by leveraging few-shot learning with convolutional neural networks to segment the leaf body and visible venation of 2,906 Populus trichocarpa leaf images obtained in the field. In contrast to previous methods, our approach (a) does not require experimental or image preprocessing, (b) uses the raw RGB images at full resolution, and (c) requires very few samples for training (e.g., just 8 images for vein segmentation). Traits relating to leaf morphology and vein topology are extracted from the resulting segmentations using traditional open-source image-processing tools, validated using real-world physical measurements, and used to conduct a genome-wide association study to identify genes controlling the traits. In this way, the current work is designed to provide the plant phenotyping community with (a) methods for fast and accurate image-based feature extraction that require minimal training data and (b) a new population-scale dataset, including 68 different leaf phenotypes, for domain scientists and machine learning researchers. All of the few-shot learning code, data, and results are made publicly available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Lagergren
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Mirko Pavicic
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Hari B Chhetri
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Larry M York
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Doug Hyatt
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - David Kainer
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Erica M Rutter
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Flores
- Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jack Bailey-Bale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marie Klein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gail Taylor
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Jacobson
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jared Streich
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Zhao M, Liu L, Guo X, Pei Y, Wang C, Song X. Exogenous Sorbitol Application Confers Drought Tolerance to Maize Seedlings through Up-Regulating Antioxidant System and Endogenous Sorbitol Biosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2456. [PMID: 37447017 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the impacts of exogenous sorbitol on maize seedlings under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-simulated drought stress. Six treatments were set: normal condition (CK), PEG (P), 10 mM sorbitol (10S), PEG plus 10 mM sorbitol (10SP), 100 mM sorbitol (100S) and PEG plus 100 mM sorbitol (100SP). Maize seedlings' growth under PEG-simulated drought stress was significantly inhibited and exogenous sorbitol largely alleviated this growth inhibition. The seedlings under 10SP treatment grew much better than those under P, 100S and 100SP treatments and no significant difference in growth parameters was observed between the control and 10S treatment. The seedlings treated with 10SP had higher contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, ascorbic acid (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH), sorbitol and relative water content, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and aldose reductase, but lower contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 and relative electrical conductivity than those treated with P, 100S and 100SP. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the transcript levels of genes encoding putative aldose reductase (AR) under P treatment were significantly up-regulated in sorbitol-applied treatments. Taken together, the results demonstrated that exogenous sorbitol application conferred drought tolerance to maize seedlings by up-regulating the expression levels of AR-related genes to enhance the accumulation of intracellular osmotic substances such as sorbitol and improve antioxidant systems to tone down the damage caused by drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Meiai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ligong Liu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xinmei Guo
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuhe Pei
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiyun Song
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo K, Guo J, He D, Li G, Ouellet T. Deoxynivalenol accumulation and detoxification in cereals and its potential role in wheat- Fusarium graminearum interactions. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:155-171. [PMID: 37581023 PMCID: PMC10423186 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a prominent mycotoxin showing significant accumulation in cereal plants during infection by the phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum. It is a virulence factor that is important in the spread of F. graminearum within cereal heads, and it causes serious yield losses and significant contamination of cereal grains. In recent decades, genetic and genomic studies have facilitated the characterization of the molecular pathways of DON biosynthesis in F. graminearum and the environmental factors that influence DON accumulation. In addition, diverse scab resistance traits related to the repression of DON accumulation in plants have been identified, and experimental studies of wheat-pathogen interactions have contributed to understanding detoxification mechanisms in host plants. The present review illustrates and summarizes the molecular networks of DON mycotoxin production in F. graminearum and the methods of DON detoxification in plants based on the current literature, which provides molecular targets for crop improvement programs. This review also comprehensively discusses recent advances and challenges related to genetic engineering-mediated cultivar improvements to strengthen scab resistance. Furthermore, ongoing advancements in genetic engineering will enable the application of these molecular targets to develop more scab-resistant wheat cultivars with DON detoxification traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an, 716000 China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an, 716000 China
| | - Dejia He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an, 716000 China
| | - Guangwei Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an, 716000 China
| | - Thérèse Ouellet
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen R, Wang S, Sun Y, Li H, Wan S, Lin F, Xu H. Comparison of Glyphosate-Degradation Ability of Aldo-Keto Reductase (AKR4) Proteins in Maize, Soybean and Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043421. [PMID: 36834831 PMCID: PMC9966811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes that participate in the degradation or isolation of glyphosate in plants are promising, for they endow crops with herbicide tolerance with a low glyphosate residue. Recently, the aldo-keto reductase (AKR4) gene in Echinochloa colona (EcAKR4) was identified as a naturally evolved glyphosate-metabolism enzyme. Here, we compared the glyphosate-degradation ability of theAKR4 proteins from maize, soybean and rice, which belong to a clade containing EcAKR4 in the phylogenetic tree, by incubation of glyphosate with AKR proteins both in vivo and in vitro. The results indicated that, except for OsALR1, the other proteins were characterized as glyphosate-metabolism enzymes, with ZmAKR4 ranked the highest activity, and OsAKR4-1 and OsAKR4-2 exhibiting the highest activity among the AKR4 family in rice. Moreover, OsAKR4-1 was confirmed to endow glyphosate-tolerance at the plant level. Our study provides information on the mechanism underlying the glyphosate-degradation ability of AKR proteins in crops, which enables the development of glyphosate-resistant crops with a low glyphosate residue, mediated by AKRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fei Lin
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-20-85285127 (H.X.)
| | - Hanhong Xu
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-20-85285127 (H.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Urbanavičiūtė I, Bonfiglioli L, Pagnotta MA. Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of Roots Response to Salt in Durum Wheat Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:412. [PMID: 36679125 PMCID: PMC9865824 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a serious threat to food production now and in the near future. In this study, the root system of six durum wheat genotypes, including one highly salt-tolerant (J. Khetifa) used as a check genotype, was evaluated, by a high-throughput phenotyping system, under control and salt conditions at the seedling stage. Genotyping was performed using 11 SSR markers closely linked with genome regions associated with root traits. Based on phenotypic cluster analysis, genotypes were grouped differently under control and salt conditions. Under control conditions, genotypes were clustered mainly due to a root angle, while under salt stress, genotypes were grouped according to their capacity to maintain higher roots length, volume, and surface area, as J. Khetifa, Sebatel, and Azeghar. SSR analysis identified a total of 42 alleles, with an average of about three alleles per marker. Moreover, quite a high number of Private alleles in total, 18 were obtained. The UPGMA phenogram of the Nei (1972) genetic distance clusters for 11 SSR markers and all phenotypic data under control conditions discriminate genotypes almost into the same groups. The study revealed as the combination of high-throughput systems for phenotyping with SSR markers for genotyping it's a useful tool to provide important data for the selection of suitable parental lines for salt-tolerance breeding. Nevertheless, the narrow root angle, which is an important trait in drought tolerance, is not a good indicator of salt tolerance. Instated for salt tolerance is more important the amount of roots.
Collapse
|
14
|
Guan X, Yu L, Wang A. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Aldo-Keto Reductase ( AKR) Gene Family in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Solanum lycopersicum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021272. [PMID: 36674784 PMCID: PMC9865680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most popular and nutritious vegetables worldwide, but their production and quality are threatened by various stresses in the environment in which they are grown. Thus, the resistance and tolerance of tomatoes to various biotic and abiotic stresses should be improved. Aldo-keto reductases (AKR) are a superfamily of NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases that play multiple roles in abiotic and biotic stress defenses by detoxification and reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance pathways. Here, 28 identified AKR family genes of tomatoes were identified genome-wide, and their characteristics, including chromosomal location, gene structures, protein motifs, and system evolution, were analyzed. Furthermore, the phylogenetic and syntenic relationships in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and tomatoes were compared. Expression patterns at different tissues and in response to abiotic stresses, such as drought and salt, were monitored to further explore the function of SlAKRs. Finally, three SlAKRs candidate genes were silenced by Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) systems in Solanum lycopersicum, showing sensitivity to drought and salt stresses with low contents of proline (Pro) and peroxidase (POD) and high content of malonaldehyde (MDA). This study provides the characteristics and potential functions of SlAKRs in response to abiotic stresses that will be helpful for further studies in S. lycopersicum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aoxue Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-45-1551-90443
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Javidi MR, Maali-Amiri R, Poormazaheri H, Sadeghi Niaraki M, Kariman K. Cold stress-induced changes in metabolism of carbonyl compounds and membrane fatty acid composition in chickpea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:10-19. [PMID: 36201983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, changes in membrane fatty acid (FA) composition and damage indices contents as well as the transcript patterns of carbonyl-detoxifying genes were evaluated in two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes, cold-tolerant Sel96th11439 and cold-sensitive ILC533 under cold stress (CS; 4 °C). During CS, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased (by 47% and 57%, respectively) in the sensitive genotype, while these contents remained unchanged in the tolerant genotype. In tolerant plants, higher content of linoleic, linolenic, unsaturated FAs (UFAs), total FAs and double bond index (DBI) (by 23, 21, 19, 17 and 9%, respectively) was observed at 6 days after stress (DAS) compared to sensitive plants, which, along with alterations of the damage indices, indicate their enhanced tolerance to CS. Compared with the sensitive genotype, less lipoxygenase (LOX) activity (by 59%) in the tolerant genotype was accompanied by decreased MDA and increased levels of UFAs and DBI during CS, particularly at 6 DAS. Upregulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldo-keto reductase genes (by 9- and 10-fold, respectively) at 1 DAS, along with the enhanced transcript levels of aldehyde reductase and 2-alkenal reductase (by 3- and 14.7-fold, respectively) at 6 DAS were accompanied by increased UFAs and reduced MDA contents in the tolerant genotype. Overall, the results suggest that cold tolerance in chickpea was partly associated with regulation of membrane FA compositions and the potential metabolic networks involved in synthesis and degradation of carbonyl compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Javidi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Maali-Amiri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Helen Poormazaheri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mina Sadeghi Niaraki
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khalil Kariman
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bertini L, Proietti S, Fongaro B, Holfeld A, Picotti P, Falconieri GS, Bizzarri E, Capaldi G, Polverino de Laureto P, Caruso C. Environmental Signals Act as a Driving Force for Metabolic and Defense Responses in the Antarctic Plant Colobanthus quitensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3176. [PMID: 36432905 PMCID: PMC9695728 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During evolution, plants have faced countless stresses of both biotic and abiotic nature developing very effective mechanisms able to perceive and counteract adverse signals. The biggest challenge is the ability to fine-tune the trade-off between plant growth and stress resistance. The Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis has managed to survive the adverse environmental conditions of the white continent and can be considered a wonderful example of adaptation to prohibitive conditions for millions of other plant species. Due to the progressive environmental change that the Antarctic Peninsula has undergone over time, a more comprehensive overview of the metabolic features of C. quitensis becomes particularly interesting to assess its ability to respond to environmental stresses. To this end, a differential proteomic approach was used to study the response of C. quitensis to different environmental cues. Many differentially expressed proteins were identified highlighting the rewiring of metabolic pathways as well as defense responses. Finally, a different modulation of oxidative stress response between different environmental sites was observed. The data collected in this paper add knowledge on the impact of environmental stimuli on plant metabolism and stress response by providing useful information on the trade-off between plant growth and defense mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Benedetta Fongaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Aleš Holfeld
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Picotti
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisabetta Bizzarri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gloria Capaldi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qiu XM, Sun YY, Wang JQ, Xiang RH, Li ZG. Involvement of osmoregulation, glyoxalase, and non-glyoxalase systems in signaling molecule glutamic acid-boosted thermotolerance in maize seedlings. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1507-1520. [PMID: 35277781 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutamic acid (Glu) is not only an important protein building block, but also a signaling molecule in plants. However, the Glu-boosted thermotolerance and its underlying mechanisms in plants still remain unclear. In this study, the maize seedlings were irrigated with Glu solution prior to exposure to heat stress (HS), the seedlings' thermotolerance as well as osmoregulation, glyoxalase, and non-glyoxalase systems were evaluated. The results manifested that the seedling survival and tissue vitality after HS were boosted by Glu, while membrane damage was reduced in comparison with the control seedlings without Glu treatment, indicating Glu boosted the thermotolerance of maize seedlings. Additionally, root-irrigation with Glu increased its endogenous level, reinforced osmoregulation system (i.e., an increase in the levels of proline, glycine betaine, trehalose, and total soluble sugar, as well as the activities of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase, betaine dehydrogenase, and trehalose-5-phosphate phosphatase) in maize seedlings under non-HS and HS conditions compared with the control. Also, Glu treatment heightened endogenous methylglyoxal level and the activities of glyoxalase system (glyoxalase I, glyoxalase II, and glyoxalase III) and non-glyoxalase system (methylglyoxal reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldo-ketoreductase, and alkenal/alkenone reductase) in maize seedlings under non-HS and HS conditions as compared to the control. These data hint that osmoregulation, glyoxalase, and non-glyoxalase systems are involved in signaling molecule Glu-boosted thermotolerance of maize seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Hua Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Guang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650092, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
FaAKR23 Modulates Ascorbic Acid and Anthocyanin Accumulation in Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa) Fruits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091828. [PMID: 36139903 PMCID: PMC9495909 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits are rich in ascorbic acid (AsA) and anthocyanin, which are essential antioxidants for human health. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of these antioxidant accumulation, especially AsA accumulation in strawberry fruits, remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified FaAKR23 was a regulator of AsA and anthocyanin accumulation. We transiently expressed FaAKR23 in strawberry fruits and conducted metabolic and molecular analyses to explore the role of FaAKR23 in AsA and anthocyanin accumulation. Transient silencing of FaAKR23 (FaAKR23-RNAi) in strawberry fruits significantly decreased the AsA and anthocyanin contents compared with control (empty vector-RNAi, EV-RNAi). Correspondingly, expression of some structural genes and regulatory factors involved in these two antioxidants’ accumulation was dramatically repressed. In addition, transcriptome analysis of EV-RNAi and FaAKR23-RNAi fruits suggested that FaAKR23 was also involved in starch and sucrose metabolism as well as plant–pathogen interaction. Overall, these results not only provide the coordinated regulatory function of FaAKR23 on AsA and anthocyanin accumulation but also offer a promising candidate gene for strawberry breeding with high antioxidants.
Collapse
|
19
|
Li H, Yang Y, Hu Y, Chen CC, Huang JW, Min J, Dai L, Guo RT. Structural analysis and engineering of aldo-keto reductase from glyphosate-resistant Echinochloa colona. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129191. [PMID: 35739721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a dominant organophosphate herbicide that inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) of the shikimate pathway. Glyphosate is extensively applied since manufactured, which has led to the emergence of various glyphosate-resistant crops and weeds. However, the molecular mechanism of many glyphosate-resistance machineries remains unclear. Recently, the upregulated expression of two homologous aldo-keto reductases (AKRs), designated as AKR4C16 and AKR4C17, were found to contribute to the glyphosate resistance in Echinochloa colona. This represents the first naturally evolved glyphosate-degrading machinery reported in plants. Here, we report the three-dimensional structure of these two AKR enzymes in complex with cofactor by performing X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, the binding-mode of glyphosate were elucidated in a ternary complex of AKR4C17. Based on the structural information and the previous study, we proposed a possible mechanism of action of AKR-mediated glyphosate degradation. In addition, a variant F291D of AKR4C17 that was constructed based on structure-based engineering showed a 70% increase in glyphosate degradation. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the structural features and glyphosate-binding mode of AKR4C17, which increases our understanding of the enzymatic mechanism of glyphosate bio-degradation and provides an important basis for the designation of AKR-based glyphosate-resistance for further applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jian-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Longhai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Focus on Nitric Oxide Homeostasis: Direct and Indirect Enzymatic Regulation of Protein Denitrosation Reactions in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071411. [PMID: 35883902 PMCID: PMC9311986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein cysteines (Cys) undergo a multitude of different reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive sulfur species (RSS), and/or reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-derived modifications. S-nitrosation (also referred to as nitrosylation), the addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to reactive Cys thiols, can alter protein stability and activity and can result in changes of protein subcellular localization. Although it is clear that this nitrosative posttranslational modification (PTM) regulates multiple signal transduction pathways in plants, the enzymatic systems that catalyze the reverse S-denitrosation reaction are poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the biochemistry and regulation of nitro-oxidative modifications of protein Cys residues with a focus on NO production and S-nitrosation. In addition, the importance and recent advances in defining enzymatic systems proposed to be involved in regulating S-denitrosation are addressed, specifically cytosolic thioredoxins (TRX) and the newly identified aldo-keto reductases (AKR).
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu H, Wei L, Ni Y, Chang L, Dong J, Zhong C, Sun R, Li S, Xiong R, Wang G, Sun J, Zhang Y, Gao Y. Genome-Wide Analysis of Ascorbic Acid Metabolism Related Genes in Fragaria × ananassa and Its Expression Pattern Analysis in Strawberry Fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:954505. [PMID: 35873967 PMCID: PMC9296770 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.954505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an important antioxidant for scavenging reactive oxygen species and it is essential for human health. Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits are rich in AsA. In recent years, strawberry has been regarded as a model for non-climacteric fruit ripening. However, in contrast to climacteric fruits, such as tomato, the regulatory mechanism of AsA accumulation in strawberry fruits remains largely unknown. In this study, we first identified 125 AsA metabolism-related genes from the cultivated strawberry "Camarosa" genome. The expression pattern analysis using an available RNA-seq data showed that the AsA biosynthetic-related genes in the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway were downregulated remarkably during fruit ripening which was opposite to the increasing AsA content in fruits. The D-galacturonate reductase gene (GalUR) in the D-Galacturonic acid pathway was extremely upregulated in strawberry receptacles during fruit ripening. The FaGalUR gene above belongs to the aldo-keto reductases (AKR) superfamily and has been proposed to participate in AsA biosynthesis in strawberry fruits. To explore whether there are other genes in the AKR superfamily involved in regulating AsA accumulation during strawberry fruit ripening, we further implemented a genome-wide analysis of the AKR superfamily using the octoploid strawberry genome. A total of 80 FaAKR genes were identified from the genome and divided into 20 subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis. These FaAKR genes were unevenly distributed on 23 chromosomes. Among them, nine genes showed increased expression in receptacles as the fruit ripened, and notably, FaAKR23 was the most dramatically upregulated FaAKR gene in receptacles. Compared with fruits at green stage, its expression level increased by 142-fold at red stage. The qRT-PCR results supported that the expression of FaAKR23 was increased significantly during fruit ripening. In particular, the FaAKR23 was the only FaAKR gene that was significantly upregulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and suppressed by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, an ABA biosynthesis blocker), indicating FaAKR23 might play important roles in ABA-mediated strawberry fruit ripening. In a word, our study provides useful information on the AsA metabolism during strawberry fruit ripening and will help understand the mechanism of AsA accumulation in strawberry fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Liu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhi Wei
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ni
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Inspection and Testing Laboratory of Fruits and Nursery Stocks (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Chang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanfei Zhong
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangtao Li
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiong
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Inspection and Testing Laboratory of Fruits and Nursery Stocks (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
| | - Yongshun Gao
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Grewal SK, Gill RK, Virk HK, Bhardwaj RD. Methylglyoxal detoxification pathway - Explored first time for imazethapyr tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 177:10-22. [PMID: 35219898 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lentil is an important pulses crop but it's short stature and slow growth rate make it vulnerable to weed competition, limiting crop productivity. There is need to identify herbicide tolerant genotypes and their tolerance mechanism. The present investigation was conducted to understand the effect of imazethapyr (IM) treatment on accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG) and its detoxification mechanism in IM-tolerant (LL1397 and LL1612) susceptible (FLIP2004-7L and PL07) genotypes sown under control (weed free), weedy check (weeds were growing with crop) and sprayed with imazethapyr. The enzymes of glyoxalase pathway (glyoxalase I, II and III) and non glyoxalase pathway (methylglyoxal reductase), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione content, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) were estimated in lentil genotypes at different days after spray. Higher activities of glyoxalase I, II and III and MGR along with the increased glutathione content (GSH) content in LL1397 and LL1612 under IM treatment as compared to FLIP2004-7L and PL07 might be responsible for lowering MG accumulation and increasing lactate content, which is end product of these pathways. Enhanced LDH activity in LL1397 and LL1612 might be responsible for energy production via TCA cycle that might be responsible for growth and recovery of tolerant genotypes after IM treatment. Higher γ-GCS activity in tolerant genotypes led to increased glutathione content required for glyoxalase pathway. However, decreased activities of glyoxalase enzymes and MGR in susceptible genotypes result in MG accumulation which limit plant growth. This is the first ever study elucidating the role of MG detoxification pathway conferring IM tolerance in lentil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satvir Kaur Grewal
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
| | - Ranjit Kaur Gill
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur Virk
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rachana D Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Krishnamurthy P, Pothiraj R, Suthanthiram B, Somasundaram SM, Subbaraya U. Phylogenomic classification and synteny network analyses deciphered the evolutionary landscape of aldo-keto reductase (AKR) gene superfamily in the plant kingdom. Gene 2022; 816:146169. [PMID: 35026291 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase-domain (PF00248) containing proteins (AKRs) are NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases of a multigene superfamily that mediate versatile functions in plants ranging from detoxification, metal chelation, potassium ion efflux to specialized metabolism. To uncover the complete repertoire of AKR gene superfamily in plants, a systematic kingdom-wide identification, phylogeny reconstruction, classification and synteny network clustering analyses were performed in this study using 74 diverse plant genomes. Plant AKRs were omnipresent, legitimately classified into 4 groups (based on phylogeny) and 14 subgroups (based on the ≥ 60% of protein sequence identity). Species composition of AKR subgroups highlights their distinct emergence during plant evolution. Loss of AKR subgroups among plants was apparent and that various lineage-, order/family- and species-specific losses were observed. The subgroups IA, IVB and IVF were flourished and diversified well during plant evolution, likely related to the complexity of plant's specialized metabolism and environmental adaptation. About 65% of AKRs were in genomic synteny regions across the plant kingdom and the AKRs relevant to important functions (e.g. vitamin B6 metabolism) were in profoundly conserved angiosperm-wide synteny communities. This study underscores the evolutionary landscape of plant AKRs and provides a comprehensive resource to facilitate the functional characterization of them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramanujam Pothiraj
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli 620 102, India
| | - Backiyarani Suthanthiram
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli 620 102, India
| | | | - Uma Subbaraya
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli 620 102, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Treffon P, Rossi J, Gabellini G, Trost P, Zaffagnini M, Vierling E. Quantitative Proteome Profiling of a S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Null Mutant Reveals a New Class of Enzymes Involved in Nitric Oxide Homeostasis in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:787435. [PMID: 34956283 PMCID: PMC8695856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived radical gas that acts as a signaling molecule in all higher organisms, and that is involved in multiple plant processes, including germination, root growth, and fertility. Regulation of NO-levels is predominantly achieved by reaction of oxidation products of NO with glutathione to form S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the principal bioactive form of NO. The enzyme S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a major route of NADH-dependent GSNO catabolism and is critical to NO homeostasis. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis examining changes in the total leaf proteome of an Arabidopsis thaliana GSNOR null mutant (hot5-2/gsnor1-3). Significant increases or decreases in proteins associated with chlorophyll metabolism and with redox and stress metabolism provide insight into phenotypes observed in hot5-2/gsnor1-3 plants. Importantly, we identified a significant increase in proteins that belong to the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) protein superfamily, AKR4C8 and 9. Because specific AKRs have been linked to NO metabolism in mammals, we expressed and purified A. thaliana AKR4C8 and 9 and close homologs AKR4C10 and 11 and determined that they have NADPH-dependent activity in GSNO and S-nitroso-coenzyme A (SNO-CoA) reduction. Further, we found an increase of NADPH-dependent GSNO reduction activity in hot5-2/gsnor1-3 mutant plants. These data uncover a new, NADPH-dependent component of NO metabolism that may be integrated with NADH-dependent GSNOR activity to control NO homeostasis in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Treffon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Jacopo Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gabellini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Development of Molecular Markers Associated with Resistance to Gray Mold Disease in Onion (Allium cepa L.) through RAPD-PCR and Transcriptome Analysis. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Onions (Allium cepa L.) are one of the most consumed vegetable crops worldwide and are damaged by several fungal diseases in the field or during storage. Gray mold disease caused by the necrotrophic pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis squamosa is a disease that reduces the productivity and storage life in onions. However, it is difficult to control gray mold disease in onions by using physical and chemical methods. Breeding resistant onions against gray mold disease can reduce the damage caused by pathogens, reduce the labor required for control, and reduce environmental pollution caused by fungicides. However, onions have a large genome size (16Gb), making them difficult to analyze, and have a biennial cycle, resulting in a very long breeding period. Therefore, in this study, markers were developed to shorten the onion breeding period. First, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was performed to confirm the genetic relationship between the gray mold disease-resistant and -susceptible lines through a dendrogram. In addition, the sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR)-OPAN1 marker to select resistant lines was developed using a polymorphic RAPD fragment. Second, the RNA-seq of the gray mold-resistant and -susceptible onion lines were analyzed using NGS technology. Using the RNA-seq results and DEG and GO analyses were performed, and the variants, such as SNPs and indels, were analyzed to develop a selectable marker for the resistant line. This study developed the SNP-3 HRM marker for selecting gray mold disease-resistant lines by using the SNPs present in the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) gene with high expression levels in these lines. The SCAR-OPAN1 and SNP-3 HRM markers developed in this study could be used to select gray mold disease-resistant onions in breeding programs to reduce the damage caused by gray mold disease.
Collapse
|
26
|
Carr SC, Torres MA, Morris JS, Facchini PJ, Ng KKS. Structural studies of codeinone reductase reveal novel insights into aldo-keto reductase function in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101211. [PMID: 34547292 PMCID: PMC8524200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a class of specialized metabolites with a diverse range of chemical structures and physiological effects. Codeine and morphine are two closely related BIAs with particularly useful analgesic properties. The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) codeinone reductase (COR) catalyzes the final and penultimate steps in the biosynthesis of codeine and morphine, respectively, in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). However, the structural determinants that mediate substrate recognition and catalysis are not well defined. Here, we describe the crystal structure of apo-COR determined to a resolution of 2.4 Å by molecular replacement using chalcone reductase as a search model. Structural comparisons of COR to closely related plant AKRs and more distantly related homologues reveal a novel conformation in the β1α1 loop adjacent to the BIA-binding pocket. The proximity of this loop to several highly conserved active-site residues and the expected location of the nicotinamide ring of the NADP(H) cofactor suggest a model for BIA recognition that implies roles for several key residues. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we show that substitutions at Met-28 and His-120 of COR lead to changes in AKR activity for the major and minor substrates codeinone and neopinone, respectively. Our findings provide a framework for understanding the molecular basis of substrate recognition in COR and the closely related 1,2-dehydroreticuline reductase responsible for the second half of a stereochemical inversion that initiates the morphine biosynthesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Megan A Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeremy S Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kenneth K S Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dorion S, Ouellet JC, Rivoal J. Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090641. [PMID: 34564457 PMCID: PMC8464934 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione is an essential metabolite for plant life best known for its role in the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione is also involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) which, much like ROS, is produced at low levels by aerobic metabolism under normal conditions. While several physiological processes depend on ROS and MG, a variety of stresses can dramatically increase their concentration leading to potentially deleterious effects. In this review, we examine the structure and the stress regulation of the pathways involved in glutathione synthesis and degradation. We provide a synthesis of the current knowledge on the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase pathway responsible for MG detoxification. We present recent developments on the organization of the glyoxalase pathway in which alternative splicing generate a number of isoforms targeted to various subcellular compartments. Stress regulation of enzymes involved in MG detoxification occurs at multiple levels. A growing number of studies show that oxidative stress promotes the covalent modification of proteins by glutathione. This post-translational modification is called S-glutathionylation. It affects the function of several target proteins and is relevant to stress adaptation. We address this regulatory function in an analysis of the enzymes and pathways targeted by S-glutathionylation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Luyckx M, Hausman JF, Sergeant K, Guerriero G, Lutts S. Molecular and Biochemical Insights Into Early Responses of Hemp to Cd and Zn Exposure and the Potential Effect of Si on Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:711853. [PMID: 34539703 PMCID: PMC8446647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.711853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the intensification of human activities, plants are more frequently exposed to heavy metals (HM). Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) are frequently and simultaneously found in contaminated soils, including agronomic soils contaminated by the atmospheric fallout near smelters. The fiber crop Cannabis sativa L. is a suitable alternative to food crops for crop cultivation on these soils. In this study, Cd (20 μM) and Zn (100 μM) were shown to induce comparable growth inhibition in C. sativa. To devise agricultural strategies aimed at improving crop yield, the effect of silicon (Si; 2 mM) on the stress tolerance of plants was considered. Targeted gene expression and proteomic analysis were performed on leaves and roots after 1 week of treatment. Both Cd- and Zn-stimulated genes involved in proline biosynthesis [pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR)] and phenylpropanoid pathway [phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)] but Cd also specifically increased the expression of PCS1-1 involved in phytochelatin (PC) synthesis. Si exposure influences the expression of numerous genes in a contrasting way in Cd- and Zn-exposed plants. At the leaf level, the accumulation of 122 proteins was affected by Cd, whereas 47 proteins were affected by Zn: only 16 proteins were affected by both Cd and Zn. The number of proteins affected due to Si exposure (27) alone was by far lower, and 12 were not modified by heavy metal treatment while no common protein seemed to be modified by both CdSi and ZnSi treatment. It is concluded that Cd and Zn had a clear different impact on plant metabolism and that Si confers a specific physiological status to stressed plants, with quite distinct impacts on hemp proteome depending on the considered heavy metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Luyckx
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute – Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luyckx M, Hausman JF, Blanquet M, Guerriero G, Lutts S. Silicon reduces cadmium absorption and increases root-to-shoot translocation without impacting growth in young plants of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on a short-term basis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37963-37977. [PMID: 33728605 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a non-edible multipurpose crop suitable for fiber production and/or phytoremediation on moderately heavy metal-contaminated soils. Experiments were conducted in nutrient solution to assess the short-term impact of silicon (Si), a well-known beneficial element, on plants exposed to 20 μM cadmium (Cd) in nutrient solution. Cd decreased plant growth and affected photosynthesis through non-stomatal effects. Cd translocation factor was higher than 1, confirming the interest of hemp for phytoextraction purposes. Additional Si did not improve plant growth after 1 week of treatment but decreased Cd accumulation in all organs and improved water use efficiency through a decrease in transpiration rate. Si had only marginal impact on Cd distribution among organs. It increased glutathione and phytochelatin synthesis allowing the plants to efficiently cope with oxidative stress through the improvement of Cd sequestration on thiol groups in the roots. Si may thus have a fast impact on the plant behavior before the occurrence of plant growth stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Luyckx
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute (Agronomy), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Mathilde Blanquet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute (Agronomy), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute (Agronomy), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
König C, Honecker B, Wilson IW, Weedall GD, Hall N, Roeder T, Metwally NG, Bruchhaus I. Taxon-Specific Proteins of the Pathogenic Entamoeba Species E. histolytica and E. nuttalli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:641472. [PMID: 33816346 PMCID: PMC8017271 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.641472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica can live in the human intestine for months or years without generating any symptoms in the host. For unknown reasons, amoebae can suddenly destroy the intestinal mucosa and become invasive. This can lead to amoebic colitis or extraintestinal amoebiasis whereby the amoebae spread to other organs via the blood vessels, most commonly the liver where abscesses develop. Entamoeba nuttalli is the closest genetic relative of E. histolytica and is found in wild macaques. Another close relative is E. dispar, which asyptomatically infects the human intestine. Although all three species are closely related, only E. histolytica and E. nuttalli are able to penetrate their host’s intestinal epithelium. Lineage-specific genes and gene families may hold the key to understanding differences in virulence among species. Here we discuss those genes found in E. histolytica that have relatives in only one or neither of its sister species, with particular focus on the peptidase, AIG, Ariel, and BspA families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin König
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Honecker
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ian W Wilson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth D Weedall
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Hall
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Iris Bruchhaus
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Koschmieder J, Wüst F, Schaub P, Álvarez D, Trautmann D, Krischke M, Rustenholz C, Mano J, Mueller MJ, Bartels D, Hugueney P, Beyer P, Welsch R. Plant apocarotenoid metabolism utilizes defense mechanisms against reactive carbonyl species and xenobiotics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:331-351. [PMID: 33721895 PMCID: PMC8133636 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid levels in plant tissues depend on the relative rates of synthesis and degradation of the molecules in the pathway. While plant carotenoid biosynthesis has been extensively characterized, research on carotenoid degradation and catabolism into apocarotenoids is a relatively novel field. To identify apocarotenoid metabolic processes, we characterized the transcriptome of transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots accumulating high levels of β-carotene and, consequently, β-apocarotenoids. Transcriptome analysis revealed feedback regulation on carotenogenic gene transcripts suitable for reducing β-carotene levels, suggesting involvement of specific apocarotenoid signaling molecules originating directly from β-carotene degradation or after secondary enzymatic derivatizations. Enzymes implicated in apocarotenoid modification reactions overlapped with detoxification enzymes of xenobiotics and reactive carbonyl species (RCS), while metabolite analysis excluded lipid stress response, a potential secondary effect of carotenoid accumulation. In agreement with structural similarities between RCS and β-apocarotenoids, RCS detoxification enzymes also converted apocarotenoids derived from β-carotene and from xanthophylls into apocarotenols and apocarotenoic acids in vitro. Moreover, glycosylation and glutathionylation-related processes and translocators were induced. In view of similarities to mechanisms found in crocin biosynthesis and cellular deposition in saffron (Crocus sativus), our data suggest apocarotenoid metabolization, derivatization and compartmentalization as key processes in (apo)carotenoid metabolism in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Wüst
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schaub
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Álvarez
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Danika Trautmann
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Markus Krischke
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camille Rustenholz
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Jun’ichi Mano
- Science Research Center, Organization for Research Initiatives, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philippe Hugueney
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Beyer
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Welsch
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Niranjan V, Uttarkar A, Dadi S, Dawane A, Vargheese A, H. G. JK, Makarla U, Ramu VS. Stress-Induced Detoxification Enzymes in Rice Have Broad Substrate Affinity. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3399-3410. [PMID: 33553958 PMCID: PMC7860239 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs) such as hydroxynonenol, malondialdehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, methylglyoxal, and glyoxal accumulate at higher levels under stress in plants and damage the cell metabolic activities. Plants have evolved several detoxifying enzymes such as aldo-keto reductases (AKRs), aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenases (ALDH/ADH), and glyoxalases. We report the phylogenetic relationship of these proteins and in silico analysis of rice-detoxifying protein structures and their substrate affinity with cofactors using docking and molecular simulation studies. Molecular simulations with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate or glutathione cofactor docking with commonly known reactive substrates suggests that the AKRs, ALDH, and ADH proteins attain maximum conformational changes, whereas glyoxalase has fewer conformational changes with cofactor binding. Several AKRs showed a significant binding affinity with many RCCs. The rice microarray studies showed enhanced expression of many AKRs in resistant genotypes, which also showed higher affinity to RCCs, signifying their importance in managing carbonyl stress. The higher expression of AKRs is regulated by stress-responsive transcription factors (TFs) as we identified stress-specific cis-elements in their promoters. The study reports the stress-responsive nature of AKRs, their regulatory TFs, and their best RCC targets, which may be used for crop improvement programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Niranjan
- Department
of Biotechnology, R.V. Engineering College, Bengaluru 560059, India
| | - Akshay Uttarkar
- Department
of Biotechnology, R.V. Engineering College, Bengaluru 560059, India
| | - Sujitha Dadi
- Department
of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture
Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Akashata Dawane
- Laboratory
of Plant Functional Genomics, Regional Center for Biotechnology, 3 Milestone Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Ashwin Vargheese
- Department
of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture
Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Jalendra Kumar H. G.
- Department
of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture
Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Udayakumar Makarla
- Department
of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture
Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Vemanna S. Ramu
- Laboratory
of Plant Functional Genomics, Regional Center for Biotechnology, 3 Milestone Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Almaghamsi A, Nosarzewski M, Kanayama Y, Archbold DD. Effects of abiotic stresses on sorbitol biosynthesis and metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:286-297. [PMID: 33099326 DOI: 10.1071/fp20065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyols such as sorbitol and ribitol are a class of compatible solutes in plants that may play roles in tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study investigated the effects of water stress on sorbitol biosynthesis and metabolism and sorbitol and ribitol accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Water stress induced by withholding water and by using polyethylene glycol as a root incubation solution to mimic water stress, and NaCl stress were applied to wild-type (WT) and three genetically-modified lines of tomato (cv. Ailsa Craig), a control vector line TR22, and 2 sorbitol dehydrogenase (sdh) antisense lines TR45 and TR49. Sorbitol and ribitol content, as well as the enzymatic activities, protein accumulation, and gene expression patterns of the key sorbitol cycle enzymes aldose-6-phosphate reductase (A6PR), aldose reductase (AR), and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), were measured in mature leaves. In response to the stresses, both sorbitol and ribitol accumulated in leaf tissue, most significantly in the sdh antisense lines. A6PR, characterised for the first time in this work, and AR both exhibited increased enzymatic activity correlated with sorbitol accumulation during the stress treatments, with SDH also increasing in WT and TR22 to metabolise sorbitol, reducing the content to control levels within 3 days after re-watering. In the sdh antisense lines, the lack of significant SDH activity resulted in the increased sorbitol and ribitol content above WT levels. The results highlighted a role for both A6PR and AR in biosynthesis of sorbitol in tomato where the high activity of both enzymes was associated with sorbitol accumulation. Although both A6PR and AR are aldo-keto reductases and use NADPH as a co-factor, the AR-specific inhibitor sorbinil inhibited AR only indicating that they are different enzymes. The determination that sorbitol, and perhaps ribitol as well, plays a role in abiotic responses in tomato provides a cornerstone for future studies examining how they impact tomato tolerance to abiotic stresses, and if their alteration could improve stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Almaghamsi
- University of Kentucky, Department of Horticulture, N318 Agricultural Science Centre 7 North, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Marta Nosarzewski
- University of Kentucky, Department of Horticulture, N318 Agricultural Science Centre 7 North, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Yoshinori Kanayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Douglas D Archbold
- University of Kentucky, Department of Horticulture, N318 Agricultural Science Centre 7 North, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; and Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vitiello A, Molisso D, Digilio MC, Giorgini M, Corrado G, Bruce TJA, D’Agostino N, Rao R. Zucchini Plants Alter Gene Expression and Emission of ( E)-β-Caryophyllene Following Aphis gossypii Infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:592603. [PMID: 33488643 PMCID: PMC7820395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.592603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) is widely cultivated in temperate regions. One of the major production challenges is the damage caused by Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae), a polyphagous aphid, which can negatively affect its host plant, both directly by feeding and indirectly by vectoring viruses. To gain insights into the transcriptome events that occur during the zucchini-aphid interaction and to understand the early-to-late defense response through gene expression profiles, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) on zucchini leaves challenged by A. gossypii (24, 48, and 96 h post-infestation; hpi). Data analysis indicated a complex and dynamic pattern of gene expression and a transient transcriptional reconfiguration that involved more than 700 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including a large number of defense-related genes. The down-regulation of key genes of plant immunity, such as leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein kinases, transcription factors, and genes associated with direct (i.e., protease inhibitors, cysteine peptidases, etc.) and indirect (i.e., terpene synthase) defense responses, suggests the aphid ability to manipulate plant immune responses. We also investigated the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from infested plants and observed a reduced emission of (E)-β-caryophyllene at 48 hpi, likely the result of aphid effectors, which reflects the down-regulation of two genes involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids. We showed that (E)-β-caryophyllene emission was modified by the duration of plant infestation and by aphid density and that this molecule highly attracts Aphidius colemani, a parasitic wasp of A. gossypii. With our results we contributed to the identification of genes involved in cucurbit plant interactions with phloem feeders. Our findings may also help pave the way toward developing tolerant zucchini varieties and to identify molecules for sustainable management of harmful insect populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Vitiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Donata Molisso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Giorgini
- Sede Secondaria di Portici, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Portici, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Toby J. A. Bruce
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nunzio D’Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Duke SO. Glyphosate: Uses Other Than in Glyphosate-Resistant Crops, Mode of Action, Degradation in Plants, and Effects on Non-target Plants and Agricultural Microbes. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 255:1-65. [PMID: 33895876 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide globally. It is a unique non-selective herbicide with a mode of action that is ideal for vegetation management in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings. Its use was more than doubled by the introduction of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. All of its phytotoxic effects are the result of inhibition of only 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), but inhibition of this single enzyme of the shikimate pathway results in multiple phytotoxicity effects, both upstream and downstream from EPSPS, including loss of plant defenses against pathogens. Degradation of glyphosate in plants and microbes is predominantly by a glyphosate oxidoreductase to produce aminomethylphosphonic acid and glyoxylate and to a lesser extent by a C-P lyase to produce sarcosine and phosphate. Its effects on non-target plant species are generally less than that of many other herbicides, as it is not volatile and is generally sprayed in larger droplet sizes with a relatively low propensity to drift and is inactivated by tight binding to most soils. Some microbes, including fungal plant pathogens, have glyphosate-sensitive EPSPS. Thus, glyphosate can benefit GR crops by its activity on some plant pathogens. On the other hand, glyphosate can adversely affect some microbes that are beneficial to agriculture, such as Bradyrhizobium species, although GR crop yield data indicate that such an effect has been minor. Effects of glyphosate on microbes of agricultural soils are generally minor and transient, with other agricultural practices having much stronger effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tola AJ, Jaballi A, Germain H, Missihoun TD. Recent Development on Plant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes and Their Functions in Plant Development and Stress Signaling. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010051. [PMID: 33396326 PMCID: PMC7823795 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently causes the excessive accumulation of aldehydes in cells. Stress-derived aldehydes are commonly designated as reactive electrophile species (RES) as a result of the presence of an electrophilic α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that metabolize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde molecules by oxidizing them to their corresponding carboxylic acids. The ALDH enzymes are found in nearly all organisms, and plants contain fourteen ALDH protein families. In this review, we performed a critical analysis of the research reports over the last decade on plant ALDHs. Newly discovered roles for these enzymes in metabolism, signaling and development have been highlighted and discussed. We concluded with suggestions for future investigations to exploit the potential of these enzymes in biotechnology and to improve our current knowledge about these enzymes in gene signaling and plant development.
Collapse
|
37
|
Song J, CampbellPalmer L, Vinqvist-Tymchuk M, Fillmore S, Forney C, Luo H, Zhang Z. Proteomic Changes in Antioxidant System in Strawberry During Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:594156. [PMID: 33424890 PMCID: PMC7785977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.594156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the strawberry antioxidant defense system during fruit ripening, a targeted quantitative proteomic approach using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was developed to investigate targeted proteins in the antioxidant enzyme system in strawberry fruit. We investigated 46 proteins and isoforms with 73 identified peptides which may be involved in this antioxidant enzyme system. Among the proteins that changed during ripening, aldo/keto reductase (AKR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione transferase (GT) increased significantly, while dehydroascorbate reductase, 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, catalase (CAT), 1-Cys peroxiredoxin and L-ascorbate peroxidase (APX) decreased significantly. These results suggest that fruit ripening of strawberry activates the enzymes of an SOD/glutathione metabolism system. The methodologies used in this study will be useful for systematically characterizing the role of antioxidant enzymes in fruit ripening of other plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Leslie CampbellPalmer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Mindy Vinqvist-Tymchuk
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Sherry Fillmore
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Charles Forney
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Honghui Luo
- College of Horticulture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yang X, Zhu K, Guo X, Pei Y, Zhao M, Song X, Li Y, Liu S, Li J. Constitutive expression of aldose reductase 1 from Zea mays exacerbates salt and drought sensitivity of transgenic Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:436-444. [PMID: 33022480 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductases (ARs) have been considered to play important roles in sorbitol biosynthesis, cellular detoxification and stress response in some plants. ARs from maize are capable of catalyzing the oxidation of sorbitol to glucose. However, little is known how maize ARs response to abiotic stresses. In this work, we cloned one isoform of maize ARs (ZmAR1), and furthermore we analyzed the roles of ZmAR1 in response to salt and drought stresses at both prokaryotic and eukaryotic levels. ZmAR1 encodes a putative 35 kDa protein that contains 310 amino acids. Under normal growth conditions, ZmAR1 was expressed in maize seedlings, and the highest expression level was found in leaves. But when seedlings were subjected to drought or salt treatment, the expression levels of ZmAR1 were significantly reduced. The constitutive expression of ZmAR1 increased the sensitivity of recombinant E. coli cells to drought and salt stresses compared with the control. Under salt and drought stresses, transgenic Arabidopsis lines displayed lower seed germination rate, shorter seedling root length, lower chlorophyll content, lower survival rate and lower antioxidant enzyme activity than wild type (WT) plants, but transgenic Arabidopsis had higher relative conductivity, higher water loss rate, and more MDA content than WT. Meanwhile, the introduction of ZmAR1 into Arabidopsis changed the expression levels of some stress-related genes. Taken together, our results suggested that ZmAR1 might act as a negative regulator in response to salt and drought stresses in Arabidopsis by reducing the sorbitol content and modulating the expression levels of some stress-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kaili Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xinmei Guo
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuhe Pei
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Meiai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiyun Song
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Yubin Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shutang Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Duan W, Huang Z, Li Y, Song X, Sun X, Jin C, Wang Y, Wang J. Molecular Evolutionary and Expression Pattern Analysis of AKR Genes Shed New Light on GalUR Functional Characteristics in Brassica rapa. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175987. [PMID: 32825292 PMCID: PMC7503288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily plays a major role in oxidation-reduction in plants. D-galacturonic acid reductase (GalUR), an ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthetic enzyme, belongs to this superfamily. However, the phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary history of the AKR gene family in plants has not yet been clarified. In this study, a total of 1268 AKR genes identified in 36 plant species were used to determine this phylogenetic relationship. The retention, structural characteristics, and expression patterns of AKR homologous genes in Brassica rapa and Arabidopsis thaliana were analyzed to further explore their evolutionary history. We found that the AKRs originated in algae and could be divided into A and B groups according to the bootstrap value; GalURs belonged to group A. Group A AKR genes expanded significantly before the origin of angiosperms. Two groups of AKR genes demonstrated functional divergence due to environmental adaptability, while group A genes were more conservative than those in group B. All 12 candidate GalUR genes were cloned, and their expression patterns under stress were analyzed, in Pak-choi. These genes showed an obvious expression divergence under multiple stresses, and BrcAKR22 exhibited a positive correlation between its expression trend and AsA content. Our findings provide new insights into the evolution of the AKR superfamily and help build a foundation for further investigations of GalUR’s functional characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weike Duan
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.D.); (X.S.); (C.J.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhinan Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.D.); (X.S.); (C.J.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-0517-8355-9216 (Z.H.); +86-025-8439-5756 (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-0517-8355-9216 (Z.H.); +86-025-8439-5756 (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoming Song
- School of Life Science and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China;
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.D.); (X.S.); (C.J.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Cong Jin
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.D.); (X.S.); (C.J.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.D.); (X.S.); (C.J.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jizhong Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China; (W.D.); (X.S.); (C.J.); (Y.W.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lecourieux D, Kappel C, Claverol S, Pieri P, Feil R, Lunn JE, Bonneu M, Wang L, Gomès E, Delrot S, Lecourieux F. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling underlines the stage- and time-dependent effects of high temperature on grape berry metabolism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1132-1158. [PMID: 31829525 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change scenarios predict an increase in mean air temperatures and in the frequency, intensity, and length of extreme temperature events in many wine-growing regions worldwide. Because elevated temperature has detrimental effects on berry growth and composition, it threatens the economic and environmental sustainability of wine production. Using Cabernet Sauvignon fruit-bearing cuttings, we investigated the effects of high temperature (HT) on grapevine berries through a label-free shotgun proteomic analysis coupled to a complementary metabolomic study. Among the 2,279 proteins identified, 592 differentially abundant proteins were found in berries exposed to HT. The gene ontology categories "stress," "protein," "secondary metabolism," and "cell wall" were predominantly altered under HT. High temperatures strongly impaired carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and the effects depended on the stage of development and duration of treatment. Transcript amounts correlated poorly with protein expression levels in HT berries, highlighting the value of proteomic studies in the context of heat stress. Furthermore, this work reveals that HT alters key proteins driving berry development and ripening. Finally, we provide a list of differentially abundant proteins that can be considered as potential markers for developing or selecting grape varieties that are better adapted to warmer climates or extreme heat waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Lecourieux
- UMR1287 EGFV, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux University, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Kappel
- Institut of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Proteome Platform, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Center, Bordeaux University, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Pieri
- UMR1287 EGFV, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux University, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Marc Bonneu
- Proteome Platform, Bordeaux Functional Genomic Center, Bordeaux University, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lijun Wang
- Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Eric Gomès
- UMR1287 EGFV, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux University, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Serge Delrot
- UMR1287 EGFV, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux University, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Fatma Lecourieux
- UMR1287 EGFV, CNRS, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Bordeaux University, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Luo SL, Hu LJ, Huang XJ, Su JC, Shao XH, Wang L, Xu HH, Li CC, Wang Y, Ye WC. Discovery and Biomimetic Synthesis of a Phloroglucinol-Terpene Adduct Collection from Baeckea frutescens and Its Biogenetic Origin Insight. Chemistry 2020; 26:11104-11108. [PMID: 32315480 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A phloroglucinol-terpene adduct (PTA) collection consisting of twenty-four molecules featuring three skeletons was discovered from Baeckea frutescens. Inspired by its biosynthetic hypothesis, we synthesized this PTA collection by reductive activation of stable phloroglucinol precursors into highly reactive ortho-quinone methide (o-QM) intermediates and subsequently Diels-Alder cycloaddition. We also demonstrated, for the first time, the generation process of the active o-QM by performing dynamic NMR and HPLC-MS monitoring experiments. Moreover, the PTA collection showed significant antifeedant effect toward the Plutella xylostella larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lin Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of, TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of, TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of, TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Cheng Su
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of, TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Hua Shao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of, Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of, TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Han-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of, Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of, TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of, TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ramu VS, Preethi V, Nisarga KN, Srivastava KR, Sheshshayee MS, Mysore KS, Udayakumar M. Carbonyl Cytotoxicity Affects Plant Cellular Processes and Detoxifying Enzymes Scavenge These Compounds to Improve Stress Tolerance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6237-6247. [PMID: 32401508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is ubiquitous in environmental stresses and prevails over the cellular metabolic and phenotypic responses in plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated under stress affect macromolecules to form another group of toxic compounds called reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs). These molecules have a longer half-life than ROS and cause carbonyl stress that affects cellular metabolism, cellular homeostasis, and crop productivity. The later effect of oxidative stress in terms of the generation of RCCs and glycation products and their effects on plant processes have not been explored well in plant biology. Therefore, how these molecules are produced and a few important effects of RCCs on plants have been discussed in this review article. Further, the plant adaptive detoxification mechanisms of RCCs have been discussed. The enzymes that were identified in plants to detoxify these cytotoxic compounds have broad substrate specificity and the potential for use in breeding programs. The review should provide a comprehensive understanding of the cytotoxic compounds beyond ROS and subsequently their mitigation strategies for crop improvement programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vemanna S Ramu
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - V Preethi
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - K N Nisarga
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | | | - M S Sheshshayee
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | | | - M Udayakumar
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rabbani N, Al-Motawa M, Thornalley PJ. Protein Glycation in Plants-An Under-Researched Field with Much Still to Discover. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113942. [PMID: 32486308 PMCID: PMC7312737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has identified glycation as a non-enzymatic post-translational modification of proteins in plants with a potential contributory role to the functional impairment of the plant proteome. Reducing sugars with a free aldehyde or ketone group such as glucose, fructose and galactose react with the N-terminal and lysine side chain amino groups of proteins. A common early-stage glycation adduct formed from glucose is Nε-fructosyl-lysine (FL). Saccharide-derived reactive dicarbonyls are arginine residue-directed glycating agents, forming advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). A dominant dicarbonyl is methylglyoxal—formed mainly by the trace-level degradation of triosephosphates, including through the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. Methylglyoxal forms the major quantitative AGE, hydroimidazolone MG-H1. Glucose and methylglyoxal concentrations in plants change with the developmental stage, senescence, light and dark cycles and also likely biotic and abiotic stresses. Proteomics analysis indicates that there is an enrichment of the amino acid residue targets of glycation, arginine and lysine residues, in predicted functional sites of the plant proteome, suggesting the susceptibility of proteins to functional inactivation by glycation. In this review, we give a brief introduction to glycation, glycating agents and glycation adducts in plants. We consider dicarbonyl stress, the functional vulnerability of the plant proteome to arginine-directed glycation and the likely role of methylglyoxal-mediated glycation in the activation of the unfolded protein response in plants. The latter is linked to the recent suggestion of protein glycation in sugar signaling in plant metabolism. The overexpression of glyoxalase 1, which suppresses glycation by methylglyoxal and glyoxal, produced plants resistant to high salinity, drought, extreme temperature and other stresses. Further research to decrease protein glycation in plants may lead to improved plant growth and assist the breeding of plant varieties resistant to environmental stress and senescence—including plants of commercial ornamental and crop cultivation value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (P.J.T.); Tel.: +974-7479-5649 (N.R.); +974-7090-1635 (P.J.T.)
| | - Maryam Al-Motawa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (P.J.T.); Tel.: +974-7479-5649 (N.R.); +974-7090-1635 (P.J.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Songsiriritthigul C, Narawongsanont R, Tantitadapitak C, Guan HH, Chen CJ. Structure-function study of AKR4C14, an aldo-keto reductase from Thai jasmine rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica cv. KDML105). ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 76:472-483. [PMID: 32355043 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320004313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are NADPH/NADP+-dependent oxidoreductase enzymes that metabolize an aldehyde/ketone to the corresponding alcohol. AKR4C14 from rice exhibits a much higher efficiency in metabolizing malondialdehyde (MDA) than do the Arabidopsis enzymes AKR4C8 and AKR4C9, despite sharing greater than 60% amino-acid sequence identity. This study confirms the role of rice AKR4C14 in the detoxification of methylglyoxal and MDA, and demonstrates that the endogenous contents of both aldehydes in transgenic Arabidopsis ectopically expressing AKR4C14 are significantly lower than their levels in the wild type. The apo structure of indica rice AKR4C14 was also determined in the absence of the cofactor, revealing the stabilized open conformation. This is the first crystal structure in AKR subfamily 4C from rice to be observed in the apo form (without bound NADP+). The refined AKR4C14 structure reveals a stabilized open conformation of loop B, suggesting the initial phase prior to cofactor binding. Based on the X-ray crystal structure, the substrate- and cofactor-binding pockets of AKR4C14 are formed by loops A, B, C and β1α1. Moreover, the residues Ser211 and Asn220 on loop B are proposed as the hinge residues that are responsible for conformational alteration while the cofactor binds. The open conformation of loop B is proposed to involve Phe216 pointing out from the cofactor-binding site and the opening of the safety belt. Structural comparison with other AKRs in subfamily 4C emphasizes the role of the substrate-channel wall, consisting of Trp24, Trp115, Tyr206, Phe216, Leu291 and Phe295, in substrate discrimination. In particular, Leu291 could contribute greatly to substrate selectivity, explaining the preference of AKR4C14 for its straight-chain aldehyde substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chomphunuch Songsiriritthigul
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Rawint Narawongsanont
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Pahonyothin Road, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Tantitadapitak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Pahonyothin Road, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
| | - Hong Hsiang Guan
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chun Jung Chen
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bist V, Niranjan A, Ranjan M, Lehri A, Seem K, Srivastava S. Silicon-Solubilizing Media and Its Implication for Characterization of Bacteria to Mitigate Biotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:28. [PMID: 32194577 PMCID: PMC7061934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), the second most abundant element on earth, remains unavailable for plants' uptake due to its poor solubility. Microbial interventions to convert it in soluble forms are well documented. However, studies on discrimination of Si and P solubilizing microbes due to common estimation method and sharing of solubilization mechanism are still obscure. A defined differential media, i.e. silicon-solubilizing media (NBRISSM) is developed to screen Si solubilizers. NBRISN13 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), a Si solubilizer, exhibiting antagonistic property against Rhizoctonia solani, was further validated for disease resistance. The key finding of the work is that NBRISSM is a novel differential media for screening Si solubilizers, distinct from P solubilizers. Dominance of Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. for the function of Si solubilization was observed during diversity analysis of Si solubilizers isolated from different rhizospheres. Sphingobacterium sp., a different strain has been identified for silicon solubilization other than Pseudomonas and Bacillus sp. Role of acidic phosphatase during Si solubilization has been firstly reported in our study in addition to other pH dependent phenomenon. Study also showed the combinatorial effect of feldspar and NBRISN13 on elicited immune response through (i) increased Si uptake, (ii) reduced disease severity, (iii) modulation of cell wall degrading and antioxidative enzyme activities, and (iv) induced defense responsive gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidisha Bist
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Abhishek Niranjan
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Manish Ranjan
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Alok Lehri
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Karishma Seem
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Suchi Srivastava
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yu J, Sun H, Zhang J, Hou Y, Zhang T, Kang J, Wang Z, Yang Q, Long R. Analysis of Aldo-Keto Reductase Gene Family and Their Responses to Salt, Drought, and Abscisic Acid Stresses in Medicago truncatula. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030754. [PMID: 31979344 PMCID: PMC7037683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt and drought stresses are two primary abiotic stresses that inhibit growth and reduce the activity of photosynthetic apparatus in plants. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in abiotic stress regulation in plants. Some aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) can enhance various abiotic stresses resistance by scavenging cytotoxic aldehydes in some plants. However, there are few comprehensive reports of plant AKR genes and their expression patterns in response to abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified 30 putative AKR genes from Medicago truncatula. The gene characteristics, coding protein motifs, and expression patterns of these MtAKRs were analyzed to explore and identify candidate genes in regulation of salt, drought, and ABA stresses. The phylogenetic analysis result indicated that the 52 AKRs in Medicago truncatula and Arabidopsis thaliana can be divided into three groups and six subgroups. Fifteen AKR genes in M. truncatula were randomly selected from each group or subgroup, to investigate their response to salt (200 mM of NaCl), drought (50 g·L-1 of PEG 6000), and ABA (100 µM) stresses in both leaves and roots. The results suggest that MtAKR1, MtAKR5, MtAKR11, MtAKR14, MtAKR20, and MtAKR29 may play important roles in response to these stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruicai Long
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (R.L.); Tel.: +86-10-62816357
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Aznar-Fernández T, Barilli E, Cobos MJ, Kilian A, Carling J, Rubiales D. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling resistance to pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) in a high-density integrated DArTseq SNP-based genetic map of pea. Sci Rep 2020; 10:33. [PMID: 31913335 PMCID: PMC6949260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) is a damaging insect pest affecting pea (Pisum sativum) production worldwide. No resistant cultivars are available, although some levels of incomplete resistance have been identified in Pisum germplasm. To decipher the genetic control underlying the resistance previously identify in P. sativum ssp. syriacum, a recombinant inbred line (RIL F8:9) population was developed. The RIL was genotyped through Diversity Arrays Technology PL's DArTseq platform and screened under field conditions for weevil seed infestation and larval development along 5 environments. A newly integrated genetic linkage map was generated with a subset of 6,540 markers, assembled into seven linkage groups, equivalent to the number of haploid pea chromosomes. An accumulated distance of 2,503 cM was covered with an average density of 2.61 markers cM-1. The linkage map allowed the identification of three QTLs associated to reduced seed infestation along LGs I, II and IV. In addition, a QTL for reduced larval development was also identified in LGIV. Expression of these QTLs varied with the environment, being particularly interesting QTL BpSI.III that was detected in most of the environments studied. This high-saturated pea genetic map has also allowed the identification of seven potential candidate genes co-located with QTLs for marker-assisted selection, providing an opportunity for breeders to generate effective and sustainable strategies for weevil control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Barilli
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Córdoba, E-14004, Spain.
| | - María J Cobos
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Córdoba, E-14004, Spain
| | - Andrzej Kilian
- Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd, University of Canberra, Kirinari St. Bruce, ACT2617, Australia
| | - Jason Carling
- Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd, University of Canberra, Kirinari St. Bruce, ACT2617, Australia
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Córdoba, E-14004, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Forte FP, Schmid J, Dijkwel PP, Nagy I, Hume DE, Johnson RD, Simpson WR, Monk SM, Zhang N, Sehrish T, Asp T. Fungal Endophyte Colonization Patterns Alter Over Time in the Novel Association Between Lolium perenne and Epichloë Endophyte AR37. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:570026. [PMID: 33193501 PMCID: PMC7658011 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.570026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Infection of the pasture grass Lolium perenne with the seed-transmitted fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae enhances its resilience to biotic and abiotic stress. Agricultural benefits of endophyte infection can be increased by generating novel symbiotic associations through inoculating L. perenne with selected Epichloë strains. Natural symbioses have coevolved over long periods. Thus, artificial symbioses will probably not have static properties, but symbionts will coadapt over time improving the fitness of the association. Here we report for the first time on temporal changes in a novel association of Epichloë strain AR37 and the L. perenne cultivar Grasslands Samson. Over nine generations, a seed maintenance program had increased the endophyte seed transmission rates to > 95% (from an initial 76%). We observed an approximately fivefold decline in endophyte biomass concentration in vegetative tissues over time (between generations 2 and 9). This indicates strong selection pressure toward reducing endophyte-related fitness costs by reducing endophyte biomass, without compromising the frequency of endophyte transmission to seed. We observed no obvious changes in tillering and only minor transcriptomic changes in infected plants over time. Functional analysis of 40 plant genes, showing continuously decreasing expression over time, suggests that adaptation of host metabolism and defense mechanisms are important for increasing the fitness of this association, and possibly fitness of such symbioses in general. Our results indicate that fitness of novel associations is likely to improve over time and that monitoring changes in novel associations can assist in identifying key features of endophyte-mediated enhancement of host fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Pilar Forte
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Flavia Pilar Forte,
| | - Jan Schmid
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Ferguson Street Laboratories, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul P. Dijkwel
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - David E. Hume
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Wayne R. Simpson
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Ningxin Zhang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tina Sehrish
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Torben Asp
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cuello C, Baldy A, Brunaud V, Joets J, Delannoy E, Jacquemot MP, Botran L, Griveau Y, Guichard C, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Martin-Magniette ML, Leroy P, Méchin V, Reymond M, Coursol S. A systems biology approach uncovers a gene co-expression network associated with cell wall degradability in maize. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227011. [PMID: 31891625 PMCID: PMC6938352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms triggering variation of cell wall degradability is a prerequisite to improving the energy value of lignocellulosic biomass for animal feed or biorefinery. Here, we implemented a multiscale systems approach to shed light on the genetic basis of cell wall degradability in maize. We demonstrated that allele replacement in two pairs of near-isogenic lines at a region encompassing a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for cell wall degradability led to phenotypic variation of a similar magnitude and sign to that expected from a QTL analysis of cell wall degradability in the F271 × F288 recombinant inbred line progeny. Using DNA sequences within the QTL interval of both F271 and F288 inbred lines and Illumina RNA sequencing datasets from internodes of the selected near-isogenic lines, we annotated the genes present in the QTL interval and provided evidence that allelic variation at the introgressed QTL region gives rise to coordinated changes in gene expression. The identification of a gene co-expression network associated with cell wall-related trait variation revealed that the favorable F288 alleles exploit biological processes related to oxidation-reduction, regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolism, protein folding and hormone responses. Nested in modules of co-expressed genes, potential new cell-wall regulators were identified, including two transcription factors of the group VII ethylene response factor family, that could be exploited to fine-tune cell wall degradability. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms by which a major locus influences cell wall degradability, paving the way for its map-based cloning in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Cuello
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Aurélie Baldy
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Johann Joets
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution—Le Moulon, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Jacquemot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Lucy Botran
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Yves Griveau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Cécile Guichard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | | | - Valérie Méchin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Matthieu Reymond
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Coursol
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Doblas-Ibáñez P, Deng K, Vasquez MF, Giese L, Cobine PA, Kolkman JM, King H, Jamann TM, Balint-Kurti P, De La Fuente L, Nelson RJ, Mackey D, Smith LG. Dominant, Heritable Resistance to Stewart's Wilt in Maize Is Associated with an Enhanced Vascular Defense Response to Infection with Pantoea stewartii. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1581-1597. [PMID: 31657672 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-19-0129-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular wilt bacteria such as Pantoea stewartii, the causal agent of Stewart's bacterial wilt of maize (SW), are destructive pathogens that are difficult to control. These bacteria colonize the xylem, where they form biofilms that block sap flow leading to characteristic wilting symptoms. Heritable forms of SW resistance exist and are used in maize breeding programs but the underlying genes and mechanisms are mostly unknown. Here, we show that seedlings of maize inbred lines with pan1 mutations are highly resistant to SW. However, current evidence suggests that other genes introgressed along with pan1 are responsible for resistance. Genomic analyses of pan1 lines were used to identify candidate resistance genes. In-depth comparison of P. stewartii interaction with susceptible and resistant maize lines revealed an enhanced vascular defense response in pan1 lines characterized by accumulation of electron-dense materials in xylem conduits visible by electron microscopy. We propose that this vascular defense response restricts P. stewartii spread through the vasculature, reducing both systemic bacterial colonization of the xylem network and consequent wilting. Though apparently unrelated to the resistance phenotype of pan1 lines, we also demonstrate that the effector WtsE is essential for P. stewartii xylem dissemination, show evidence for a nutritional immunity response to P. stewartii that alters xylem sap composition, and present the first analysis of maize transcriptional responses to P. stewartii infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Doblas-Ibáñez
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Kaiyue Deng
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Miguel F Vasquez
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Laura Giese
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Paul A Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, U.S.A
| | - Judith M Kolkman
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | - Helen King
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Tiffany M Jamann
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A. and Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A
| | | | - Rebecca J Nelson
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | - David Mackey
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Laurie G Smith
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|