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Castro-Severyn J, Fortt J, Sierralta M, Alegria P, Donoso G, Choque A, Avellaneda AM, Pardo-Esté C, Saavedra CP, Stoll A, Remonsellez F. Rhizospheric bacteria from the Atacama Desert hyper-arid core: cultured community dynamics and plant growth promotion. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0005624. [PMID: 38687070 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00056-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Atacama Desert is the oldest and driest desert on Earth, encompassing great temperature variations, high ultraviolet radiation, drought, and high salinity, making it ideal for studying the limits of life and resistance strategies. It is also known for harboring a great biodiversity of adapted life forms. While desertification is increasing as a result of climate change and human activities, it is necessary to optimize soil and water usage, where stress-resistant crops are possible solutions. As many studies have revealed the great impact of the rhizobiome on plant growth efficiency and resistance to abiotic stress, we set up to explore the rhizospheric soils of Suaeda foliosa and Distichlis spicata desert plants. By culturing these soils and using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we address community taxonomy composition dynamics, stability through time, and the ability to promote lettuce plant growth. The rhizospheric soil communities were dominated by the families Pseudomonadaceae, Bacillaceae, and Planococcaceae for S. foliosa and Porphyromonadaceae and Haloferacaceae for D. spicata. Nonetheless, the cultures were completely dominated by the Enterobacteriaceae family (up to 98%). Effectively, lettuce plants supplemented with the cultures showed greater size and biomass accumulation. We identified 12 candidates that could be responsible for these outcomes, of which 5 (Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Paenisporosarcina, and Ammoniphilus) were part of the built co-occurrence network. We aim to contribute to the efforts to characterize the microbial communities as key for the plant's survival in extreme environments and as a possible source of consortia with plant growth promotion traits aimed at agricultural applications.IMPORTANCEThe current scenario of climate change and desertification represents a series of incoming challenges for all living organisms. As the human population grows rapidly, so does the rising demand for food and natural resources; thus, it is necessary to make agriculture more efficient by optimizing soil and water usage, thus ensuring future food supplies. Particularly, the Atacama Desert (northern Chile) is considered the most arid place on Earth as a consequence of geological and climatic characteristics, such as the naturally low precipitation patterns and high temperatures, which makes it an ideal place to carry out research that seeks to aid agriculture in future conditions that are predicted to resemble these scenarios. Our main interest lies in utilizing microorganism consortia from plants thriving under extreme conditions, aiming to promote plant growth, improve crops, and render "unsuitable" soils farmable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Castro-Severyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua y Sustentabilidad en el Desierto-CEITSAZA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jonathan Fortt
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Mariela Sierralta
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Paola Alegria
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Gabriel Donoso
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alessandra Choque
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Andrea M Avellaneda
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua y Sustentabilidad en el Desierto-CEITSAZA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Coral Pardo-Esté
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular y Microbiología Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudia P Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra Stoll
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas CEAZA, La Serena, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de la Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Francisco Remonsellez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua y Sustentabilidad en el Desierto-CEITSAZA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
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Shah AA, Zafar S, Usman S, Javad S, Zaib-Un-Nisa, Aslam M, Noreen Z, Elansary HO, Almutairi KF, Ahmad A. Zinc oxide nanoparticles and Klebsiella sp. SBP-8 alleviates chromium toxicity in Brassica juncea by regulation of antioxidant capacity, osmolyte production, nutritional content and reduction in chromium adsorption. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108624. [PMID: 38636254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the most damaging environmental toxins that hamper growth of plants. These noxious chemicals include lead (Pb), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr). Chromium is one of the toxic metal which induces various oxidative processes in plants. The emerging role of nanoparticles as pesticides, fertilizers and growth regulators have attracted the attention of various scientists. Current study was conducted to explore the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) alone and in combination with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Klebsiella sp. SBP-8 in Cr stress alleviation in Brassica juncea (L.). Chromium stress reduced shoot fresh weight (40%), root fresh weight (28%), shoot dry weight (28%) and root dry weight (34%) in B. juncea seedlings. Chromium stressed B. juncea plants showed enhanced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide ion (O2• -). However, co-supplementation of ZnONPs and Klebsiella sp. SBP-8 escalated the activity of antioxidant enzymes i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in B. juncea grown in normal and Cr-toxic soil. It is further proposed that combined treatment of ZnONPs and Klebsiella sp. SBP-8 may be useful for alleviation of other abiotic stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheeraz Usman
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Javad
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaib-Un-Nisa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Noreen
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid F Almutairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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Singh RP, Sinha A, Deb S, Kumari K. First report on in-depth genome and comparative genome analysis of a metal-resistant bacterium Acinetobacter pittii S-30, isolated from environmental sample. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1351161. [PMID: 38741743 PMCID: PMC11089254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1351161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A newly isolated bacterium Acinetobacter pittii S-30 was recovered from waste-contaminated soil in Ranchi, India. The isolated bacterium belongs to the ESKAPE organisms which represent the major nosocomial pathogens that exhibit high antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis also showed its closest match (>95%) to other A. pittii genomes. The isolate showed metal-resistant behavior and was able to survive up to 5 mM of ZnSO4. Whole genome sequencing and annotations revealed the occurrence of various genes involved in stress protection, motility, and metabolism of aromatic compounds. Moreover, genome annotation identified the gene clusters involved in secondary metabolite production (biosynthetic gene clusters) such as arylpolyene, acinetobactin like NRP-metallophore, betalactone, and hserlactone-NRPS cluster. The metabolic potential of A. pittii S-30 based on cluster of orthologous, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes indicated a high number of genes related to stress protection, metal resistance, and multiple drug-efflux systems etc., which is relatively rare in A. pittii strains. Additionally, the presence of various carbohydrate-active enzymes such as glycoside hydrolases (GHs), glycosyltransferases (GTs), and other genes associated with lignocellulose breakdown suggests that strain S-30 has strong biomass degradation potential. Furthermore, an analysis of genetic diversity and recombination in A. pittii strains was performed to understand the population expansion hypothesis of A. pittii strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the detailed genomic characterization of a heavy metal-resistant bacterium belonging to A. pittii. Therefore, the A. pittii S-30 could be a good candidate for the promotion of plant growth and other biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Ayushi Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Sushanta Deb
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Kiran Kumari
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Wang X, Wang Y, Fu Y, Zhai Y, Bai X, Liu T, Li G, Zeng L, Zhu S. Multiple omics revealed the growth-promoting mechanism of Bacillus velezensis strains on ramie. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1367862. [PMID: 38601307 PMCID: PMC11004232 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1367862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Beneficial bacteria that promote plant growth can shield plants from negative effects. Yet, the specific biological processes that drive the relationships between soil microbes and plant metabolism are still not fully understood. To investigate this further, we utilized a combination of microbiology and non-targeted metabolomics techniques to analyze the impact of plant growth-promoting bacteria on both the soil microbial communities and the metabolic functions within ramie (Boehmeria nivea) tissues. The findings indicated that the yield and traits of ramie plants are enhanced after treatment with Bacillus velezensis (B. velezensis). These B. velezensis strains exhibit a range of plant growth-promoting properties, including phosphate solubilization and ammonia production. Furthermore, strain YS1 also demonstrates characteristics of IAA production. The presence of B. velezensis resulted in a decrease in soil bacteria diversity, resulting in significant changes in the overall structure and composition of soil bacteria communities. Metabolomics showed that B. velezensis significantly altered the ramie metabolite spectrum, and the differential metabolites were notably enriched (P < 0.05) in five main metabolic pathways: lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, plant secondary metabolites biosynthesis, and plant hormones biosynthesis. Seven common differential metabolites were identified. Correlation analysis showed that the microorganisms were closely related to metabolite accumulation and yield index. In the B. velezensis YS1 and B. velezensis Y4-6-1 treatment groups, the relative abundances of BIrii41 and Bauldia were significantly positively correlated with sphingosine, 9,10,13-TriHOME, fresh weight, and root weight, indicating that these microorganisms regulate the formation of various metabolites, promoting the growth and development of ramie. Conclusively, B. velezensis (particularly YS1) played an important role in regulating soil microbial structure and promoting plant metabolism, growth, and development. The application of the four types of bacteria in promoting ramie growth provides a good basis for future application of biological fertilizers and bio-accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liangbin Zeng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Siyuan Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Liu S, Xie J, Luan W, Liu C, Chen X, Chen D. Papiliotrema flavescens, a plant growth-promoting fungus, alters root system architecture and induces systemic resistance through its volatile organic compounds in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108474. [PMID: 38430787 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The current trend in agricultural development is the establishment of sustainable agricultural systems. This involves utilizing and implementing eco-friendly biofertilizers and biocontrol agents as alternatives to conventional fertilizers and pesticides. A plant growth-promoting fungal strain, that could alter root system architecture and promote the growth of Arabidopsis seedlings in a non-contact manner by releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was isolated in this study. 26S rDNA sequencing revealed that the strain was a yeast-like fungus, Papiliotrema flavescens. Analysis of plant growth-promoting traits revealed that the fungus could produce indole-3-acetic acid and ammonia and fix nitrogen. Transcriptome analysis in combination with inhibitor experiments revealed that P. flavescens VOCs triggered metabolic alterations, promoted auxin accumulation and distribution in the roots, and coordinated ethylene signaling, thus inhibiting primary root elongation and inducing lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. Additionally, transcriptome analysis and fungal infection experiments confirmed that pretreatment with P. flavescens stimulated the defense response of Arabidopsis to boost its resistance to the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Solid-phase microextraction, which was followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, identified three VOCs (acetoin, naphthalene and indole) with significant plant growth-promoting attributes. Their roles were confirmed using further pharmacological experiments and upregulated expression of auxin- and ethylene-related genes. Our study serves as an essential reference for utilizing P. flavescens as a potential biological fertilizer and biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinge Xie
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenqi Luan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Defu Chen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650092, China.
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Kumari K, Aggarwal Y, Singh RP. Molecular characterization and in-depth genomic analysis to unravel the pathogenic features of an environmental isolate Enterobacter sp. S-33. Int Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00461-y. [PMID: 38044418 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Enterobacter species represent widely distributed opportunistic pathogens, commonly associated with plants and humans. In the present study, we performed a detailed molecular characterization as well as genomic study of a type VI secretion system (T6SS) bacterium belonging to member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and named Enterobacter sp. S-33. The comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain was closely related to other Enterobacter species. The complete genome of the strain with a genome size of 4.6 Mbp and GC-content of 55.63% was obtained through high-quality sequencing. The genomic analysis with online tools unravelled the various genes belonging to the bacterial secretion system, antibiotic resistance, virulence, efflux pumps, etc. The isolate showed the motility behavior that contributes to Enterobacter persistence in a stressed environment and further supports infections. PCR amplification and further sequencing confirmed the presence of drug-efflux genes acrA, acrB, and outer membrane genes, viz. OmpA, OmpC, and OmpF. The cell surface hydrophobicity and co-aggregation assay against different bacterial strains illustrated its putative pathogenic nature. Genome mining identified various biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) corresponding to non-ribosomal proteins (NRPS), siderophore, and arylpolyene production. Briefly, genome sequencing and detailed characterization of environmental Enterobacter isolate will assist in understanding the epidemiology of Enterobacter species, and the further prevention and treatment of infectious diseases caused by these broad-host range species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumari
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Yogender Aggarwal
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
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Khan V, Umar S, Iqbal N. Synergistic action of Pseudomonas fluorescens with melatonin attenuates salt toxicity in mustard by regulating antioxidant system and flavonoid profile. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14092. [PMID: 38148187 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is an alarming abiotic stress that reduces mustard growth and yield. To attenuate salt toxicity effects, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offers a sustainable approach. Among the various PGPR, Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens NAIMCC-B-00340) was chosen for its salt tolerance (at 100 mM NaCl) and for exhibiting various growth-promoting activities. Notably, P. fluorescens can produce auxin, which plays a role in melatonin (MT) synthesis. Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that acts as an antioxidant to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in stress reduction. Owing to the individual role of PGPR and MT in salt tolerance, and their casual nexus, their domino effect was investigated in Indian mustard under salt stress. The synergistic action of P. fluorescens and MT under salt stress conditions was found to enhance the activity of antioxidative enzymes and proline content as well as promote the production of secondary metabolites. This led to reduced oxidative stress following effective ROS scavenging, maintained photosynthesis, and improved growth. In mustard plants treated with MT and P. fluorescens under salt stress, eight flavonoids showed significant increase. Kaempferol and cyanidin showed the highest concentrations and are reported to act as antioxidants with protective functions under stress. Thus, we can anticipate that strategies involved in their enhancement could provide a better adaptive solution to salt toxicity in mustard plants. In conclusion, the combination of P. fluorescens and MT affected antioxidant metabolism and flavonoid profile that could be used to mitigate salt-induced stress and bolster plant resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varisha Khan
- Department of Botany, School of chemical and life sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Botany, School of chemical and life sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, School of chemical and life sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Jiang GG, Wan QQ, Zou W, Hu GT, Yang LY, Zhu L, Ning HJ. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the evolution and expression pattern of the SBP gene family in two Chimonanthus species. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9107-9119. [PMID: 37749345 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimonanthus praecox and Chimonanthus salicifolius are closely related species that diverged approximately six million years ago. While both C. praecox and C. salicifolius could withstand brief periods of low temperatures of - 15 °C. Their flowering times are different, C. praecox blooms in early spring, whereas C. salicifolius blooms in autumn. The SBP-box (SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein) is a plant-specific gene family that plays a crucial vital role in regulating plant flowering. Although extensively studied in various plants, the SBP gene family remains uncharacterized in Calycanthaceae. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted genome-wide identification of SBP genes in both C. praecox and C. salicifolius and comprehensively characterized the chromosomal localization, gene structure, conserved motifs, and domains of the identified SBP genes. In total, 15 and 18 SBP genes were identified in C. praecox and C. salicifolius, respectively. According to phylogenetic analysis, the SBP genes from Arabidopsis, C. praecox, and C. salicifolius were clustered into eight groups. Analysis of the gene structure and conserved protein motifs showed that SBP proteins of the same subfamily have similar motif structures. The expression patterns of SBP genes were analyzed using transcriptome data. The results revealed that more than half of the genes exhibited lower expression levels in leaves than in flowers, suggesting their potential involvement in the flower development process and may be linked to the winter and autumn flowering of C. praecox and C. salicifolius. CONCLUSION Thirty-three SBPs were identified in C. praecox and C. salicifolius. The evolutionary characteristics and expression patterns were examined in this study. These results provide valuable information to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of the SBP family and help determine the functional characteristics of the SBP genes in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Ge Jiang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wan
- School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Wei Zou
- School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Gui-Ting Hu
- School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Li-Yuan Yang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China.
| | - Hui-Juan Ning
- School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration On Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Rai GK, Mishra S, Chouhan R, Mushtaq M, Chowdhary AA, Rai PK, Kumar RR, Kumar P, Perez-Alfocea F, Colla G, Cardarelli M, Srivastava V, Gandhi SG. Plant salinity stress, sensing, and its mitigation through WRKY. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1238507. [PMID: 37860245 PMCID: PMC10582725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinity or salt stress has deleterious effects on plant growth and development. It imposes osmotic, ionic, and secondary stresses, including oxidative stress on the plants and is responsible for the reduction of overall crop productivity and therefore challenges global food security. Plants respond to salinity, by triggering homoeostatic mechanisms that counter salt-triggered disturbances in the physiology and biochemistry of plants. This involves the activation of many signaling components such as SOS pathway, ABA pathway, and ROS and osmotic stress signaling. These biochemical responses are accompanied by transcriptional modulation of stress-responsive genes, which is mostly mediated by salt-induced transcription factor (TF) activity. Among the TFs, the multifaceted significance of WRKY proteins has been realized in many diverse avenues of plants' life including regulation of plant stress response. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to highlight the significance of salinity in a global perspective, the mechanism of salt sensing in plants, and the contribution of WRKYs in the modulation of plants' response to salinity stress. This review will be a substantial tool to investigate this problem in different perspectives, targeting WRKY and offering directions to better manage salinity stress in the field to ensure food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Kumar Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Sonal Mishra
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Rekha Chouhan
- Infectious Diseases Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, India
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Aksar Ali Chowdhary
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Pradeep K. Rai
- Advance Center for Horticulture Research, Udheywala, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Integrated Farming System, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Jodhpur, India
| | - Francisco Perez-Alfocea
- Department of Nutrition, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura (CEBAS), of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Vikas Srivastava
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sumit G. Gandhi
- Infectious Diseases Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, India
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10
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Al-Turki A, Murali M, Omar AF, Rehan M, Sayyed R. Recent advances in PGPR-mediated resilience toward interactive effects of drought and salt stress in plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1214845. [PMID: 37829451 PMCID: PMC10565232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1214845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present crisis at hand revolves around the need to enhance plant resilience to various environmental stresses, including abiotic and biotic stresses, to ensure sustainable agriculture and mitigate the impact of climate change on crop production. One such promising approach is the utilization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to mediate plant resilience to these stresses. Plants are constantly exposed to various stress factors, such as drought, salinity, pathogens, and nutrient deficiencies, which can significantly reduce crop yield and quality. The PGPR are beneficial microbes that reside in the rhizosphere of plants and have been shown to positively influence plant growth and stress tolerance through various mechanisms, including nutrient solubilization, phytohormone production, and induction of systemic resistance. The review comprehensively examines the various mechanisms through which PGPR promotes plant resilience, including nutrient acquisition, hormonal regulation, and defense induction, focusing on recent research findings. The advancements made in the field of PGPR-mediated resilience through multi-omics approaches (viz., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) to unravel the intricate interactions between PGPR and plants have been discussed including their molecular pathways involved in stress tolerance. Besides, the review also emphasizes the importance of continued research and implementation of PGPR-based strategies to address the pressing challenges facing global food security including commercialization of PGPR-based bio-formulations for sustainable agricultural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Turki
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Murali
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Ayman F. Omar
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Pathology, and Biotechnology Lab. and EPCRS Excellence Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Medhat Rehan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, College of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - R.Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s S I Patil Arts, G B Patel Science and STKV Sangh Commerce College, Shahada, India
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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11
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Aizaz M, Lubna, Ahmad W, Khan I, Asaf S, Bilal S, Jan R, Asif S, Waqas M, Khan AL, Kim KM, AL-Harrasi A. Exploring the potential of halotolerant bacteria from coastal regions to mitigate salinity stress in wheat: physiological, molecular, and biochemical insights. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1224731. [PMID: 37810397 PMCID: PMC10556533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1224731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress, a significant global abiotic stress, is caused by various factors such as irrigation with saline water, fertilizer overuse, and drought conditions, resulting in reduced agricultural production and sustainability. In this study, we investigated the use of halotolerant bacteria from coastal regions characterized by high salinity as a solution to address the major environmental challenge of salinity stress. To identify effective microbial strains, we isolated and characterized 81 halophilic bacteria from various sources, such as plants, rhizosphere, algae, lichen, sea sediments, and sea water. We screened these bacterial strains for their plant growth-promoting activities, such as indole acetic acid (IAA), phosphate solubilization, and siderophore production. Similarly, the evaluation of bacterial isolates through bioassay revealed that approximately 22% of the endophytic isolates and 14% of rhizospheric isolates exhibited a favorable influence on seed germination and seedling growth. Among the tested isolates, GREB3, GRRB3, and SPSB2 displayed a significant improvement in all growth parameters compared to the control. As a result, these three isolates were utilized to evaluate their efficacy in alleviating the negative impacts of salt stress (150 mM, 300 mM, and seawater (SW)) on the growth of wheat plants. The result showed that shoot length significantly increased in plants inoculated with bacterial isolates up to 15% (GREB3), 16% (GRRB3), and 24% (SPSB2), respectively, compared to the control. The SPSB2 strain was particularly effective in promoting plant growth and alleviating salt stress. All the isolates exhibited a more promotory effect on root length than shoot length. Under salt stress conditions, the GRRB3 strain significantly impacted root length, leading to a boost of up to 6%, 5%, and 3.8% at 150 mM, 300 mM, and seawater stress levels, respectively. The bacterial isolates also positively impacted the plant's secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzymes. The study also identified the WDREB2 gene as highly upregulated under salt stress, whereas DREB6 was downregulated. These findings demonstrate the potential of beneficial microbes as a sustainable approach to mitigate salinity stress in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aizaz
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lubna
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, United States
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Saleem Asif
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, United States
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed AL-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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12
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Singh RP, Kumari K, Sharma PK, Ma Y. Characterization and in-depth genome analysis of a halotolerant probiotic bacterium Paenibacillus sp. S-12, a multifarious bacterium isolated from Rauvolfia serpentina. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:192. [PMID: 37464310 PMCID: PMC10353221 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of Paenibacillus genus from diverse habitats have attracted great attention due to their multifarious properties. Considering that members of this genus are mostly free-living in soil, we characterized the genome of a halotolerant environmental isolate belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. The genome mining unravelled the presence of CAZymes, probiotic, and stress-protected genes that suggested strain S-12 for industrial and agricultural purposes. RESULTS Molecular identification by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing showed its closest match to other Paenibacillus species. The complete genome size of S-12 was 5.69 Mb, with a GC-content 46.5%. The genome analysis of S-12 unravelled the presence of an open reading frame (ORF) encoding the functions related to environmental stress tolerance, adhesion processes, multidrug efflux systems, and heavy metal resistance. Genome annotation identified the various genes for chemotaxis, flagellar motility, and biofilm production, illustrating its strong colonization ability. CONCLUSION The current findings provides the in-depth investigation of a probiotic Paenibacillus bacterium that possessed various genome features that enable the bacterium to survive under diverse conditions. The strain shows the strong ability for probiotic application purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
| | - Kiran Kumari
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Parva Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD-20742, USA
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Kumari K, Sharma PK, Shikha S, Singh RP. Molecular characterization and in-depth genome analysis of Enterobacter sp. S-16. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:245. [PMID: 37460717 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Enterobacter species are considered to be an opportunistic human pathogen owing to the existence of antibiotic-resistant strains and drug resides; however, the detailed analysis of the antibiotic resistance and virulence features in environmental isolates is poorly characterized. Here, in the study, we characterized the biochemical characteristics, and genome, pan-genome, and comparative genome analyses of an environmental isolate Enterobacter sp. S-16. The strain was identified as Enterobacter spp. by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. To unravel genomic features, whole genome of Enterobacter sp. S-16 was sequenced using a hybrid assembly approach and genome assembly was performed using the Unicycler tool. The assembled genome contained the single conting size 5.3 Mbp, GC content 55.43%, and 4500 protein-coding genes. The genome analysis revealed the various gene clusters associated with virulence, antibiotic resistance, type VI secretion system (T6SS), and many stress tolerant genes, which may provide important insight for adapting to changing environment conditions. Moreover, different metabolic pathways were identified that potentially contribute to environmental survival. Various hydrolytic enzymes and motility functions equipped the strain S-16 as an active colonizer. The genome analysis confirms the presence of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and non-enzymatic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) involved in the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrate polymers. Moreover, the pan-genome analysis provides detailed information about the core genes and shared genes with the closest related Enterobacter species. The present study is the first report showing the presence of YdhE/NorM in Enterobacter spp. Thus, the elucidation of genome sequencing will increase our understanding of the pathogenic nature of environmental isolate, supporting the One Health Concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumari
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, Pin 835215, India
| | - Parva Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shweta Shikha
- Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, Pin 835215, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
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14
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Sheng J, Cave R, Ter-Stepanyan MM, Kotsinyan N, Chen J, Zhang L, Jiang T, Mkrtchyan HV. Whole-Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics Analysis of a Newly Emerged Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate of ST967. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0401122. [PMID: 37022188 PMCID: PMC10269624 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04011-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections globally, yet its population structure remains unknown for many regions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Here, we report for the first-time whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolate, ARM01, recovered from a patient in Armenia. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that ARM01 was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, cefepime, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. Genome sequencing analysis revealed that ARM01 belonged to sequence type 967 (ST967), capsule type K18, and antigen type O1. ARM01 carried 13 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, including blaSHV-27, dfrA12, tet(A), sul1, sul2, catII.2, mphA, qnrS1, aadA2, aph3-Ia, strA, and strB and the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) gene blaCTX-M-15, but only one known virulence factor gene, yagZ/ecpA, and one plasmid replicon, IncFIB(K)(pCAV1099-114), were detected. The plasmid profile, AMR genes, virulence factors, accessory gene profile, and evolutionary analyses of ARM01 showed high similarity to isolates recovered from Qatar (SRR11267909 and SRR11267906). The date of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of ARM01 was estimated to be around 2017 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2017 to 2018). Although in this study, we report the comparative genomics analysis of only one isolate, it emphasizes the importance of genomic surveillance for emerging pathogens, urging the need for implementation of more effective infection prevention and control practices. IMPORTANCE Whole-genome sequencing and population genetics analysis of K. pneumoniae are scarce from LMICs, and none has been reported for Armenia. Multilevel comparative analysis revealed that ARM01 (an isolate belonging to a newly emerged K. pneumoniae ST967 lineage) was genetically similar to two isolates recovered from Qatar. ARM01 was resistant to a wide range of antibiotics, reflecting the unregulated usage of antibiotics (in most LMICs, antibiotic use is typically unregulated.) Understanding the genetic makeup of these newly emerging lineages will aid in optimizing antibiotic use for patient treatment and contribute to the worldwide efforts of pathogen and AMR surveillance and implementation of more effective infection prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sheng
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rory Cave
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary M. Ter-Stepanyan
- Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
- Research Center of Maternal and Child Health Protection, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nune Kotsinyan
- National Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Taijiao Jiang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hermine V. Mkrtchyan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Azeem MA, Ali F, Ullah A, Iqbal M, Ali K, Al Farraj DA, Elshikh MS, Naz Q, Munis MFH, Chaudhary HJ. Exploration of plant growth promoting traits and regulatory mechanisms of Bacillus anthracis PM21 in enhancing salt stress tolerance in maize. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27820-6. [PMID: 37256400 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus species have been reported to reduce the negative effects of salt stress on plants; the involvement of Bacillus anthracis PM21 and the internal mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. The effects of PM21 inoculation on maize plants under salt stress were investigated in this study. The study aimed to assess the ability of Bacillus anthracis PM21 to endure high levels of salinity stress while preserving the concentration of plant growth regulators. The biomass, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC), antioxidants, osmoprotectants, inorganic ion contents, regulation of plant hormones and expression of antioxidants enzyme encoded genes were investigated under normal and salinity stress conditions. Bacillus anthracis PM21 produced a significant amount of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase enzyme (ACC deaminase) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) under salt stress and normal conditions. PM21 also produced plant growth stimulants including indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin, and siderophore under salinity stress and normal conditions. Under salt stress, PM21 inoculation markedly increased plant growth indices, stimulate antioxidant enzyme mechanisms, osmoprotectants, and chlorophyll content. The use of qRT-PCR to analyze the transcription of targeted genes indicated greater expression of antioxidant-encoded genes and inferred their possible function in salinity stress tolerance. Our findings shed light on the functions of PM21 and its regulatory mechanisms in plant salt stress tolerance, as well as the importance of PM21 in this process. This study will provide a thorough analysis of the theoretical framework for adopting PM21 in agricultural production as an eco-friendly method to enhance crop growth and yield under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif Azeem
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Baltistan, Skardu, 16400, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ullah
- Botany Department, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Education and Communication, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Kishwar Ali
- College of General Education, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Arab League Street, P.O. Box 24449, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qirat Naz
- School of Social Sciences, University of South Wales, Newport, UK
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16
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Ghazala I, Chiab N, Saidi MN, Gargouri-Bouzid R. The Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Strain Bacillus mojavensis I4 Enhanced Salt Stress Tolerance in Durum Wheat. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:178. [PMID: 37036517 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and production are adversely affected by soil salinity. A plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) designated as the "I4 strain" of Bacillus mojavensis was isolated from Tunisian soil (Sfax, Tunisia) and showed the ability to be grown in the presence of NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 10% in Luria Bertani (LB) medium. The PGPB-mediated salt tolerance in durum wheat was evaluated. The physiological parameters such as growth, shoot and root length, dry and fresh weight were higher in I4-inoculated wheat plants in comparison with non-treated plants under salt stress. Results showed that this strain promoted wheat growth and preserved the membrane damage by notably lowering the electrolytes leakage and malondialdehyde content in contrast to non-inoculated plants. Moreover, leaf chlorophyll content, biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities measurement showed a better salt and heavy metal stress adaptation of the I4-inoculated plants. Due to these outcomes, it could be suggested that the inoculation of the PGPB I4 strain enhanced the wheat plant's growth, especially under salt stress conditions. This study confirms the ameliorative role played by PGPB in tolerating salt stress in wheat and their potential use as biofertilizers to enhance its growth in saline soil and help in promoting this plant's culture to provide food security under these perturbed global circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ghazala
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agricultural Resources, National Engineering School of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Nour Chiab
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agricultural Resources, National Engineering School of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Najib Saidi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Biotechnology Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Radhia Gargouri-Bouzid
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agricultural Resources, National Engineering School of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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17
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Dragojević M, Stankovic N, Djokic L, Raičević V, Jovičić-Petrović J. Endorhizosphere of indigenous succulent halophytes: a valuable resource of plant growth promoting bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:20. [PMID: 36934265 PMCID: PMC10024849 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The adaptability of halophytes to increased soil salinity is related to complex rhizosphere interactions. In this study, an integrative approach, combining culture-independent and culture-dependent techniques was used to analyze the bacterial communities in the endorizosphere of indigenous succulent halophytes Salicornia europaea, Suaeda maritima, and Camphorosma annua from the natural salt marshes of Slano Kopovo (Serbia). The 16 S rDNA analyses gave, for the first time, an insight into the composition of the endophytic bacterial communities of S. maritima and C. annua. We have found that the composition of endophyte microbiomes in the same habitat is to some extent influenced by plant species. A cultivable portion of the halophyte microbiota was tested at different NaCl concentrations for the set of plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. Through the mining of indigenous halotolerant endophytes, we obtained a collection representing a core endophyte microbiome conferring desirable PGP traits. The majority (65%) of the selected strains belonged to the common halotolerant/halophilic genera Halomonas, Kushneria, and Halobacillus, with representatives exhibiting multiple PGP traits, and retaining beneficial traits in conditions of the increased salinity. The results suggest that the root endosphere of halophytes is a valuable source of PGP bacteria supporting plant growth and fitness in salt-affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Dragojević
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080 Serbia
| | - Nada Stankovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Djokic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Raičević
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080 Serbia
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18
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Khan V, Umar S, Iqbal N. Palliating Salt Stress in Mustard through Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Regulation of Secondary Metabolites, Osmolytes, Antioxidative Enzymes and Stress Ethylene. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:705. [PMID: 36840054 PMCID: PMC9963382 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The severity of salt stress is alarming for crop growth and production and it threatens food security. Strategies employed for the reduction in stress are not always eco-friendly or sustainable. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could provide an alternative sustainable stress reduction strategy owning to its role in various metabolic processes. In this study, we have used two strains of PGPR, Pseudomonas fluorescens (NAIMCC-B-00340) and Azotobacter chroococcum Beijerinck 1901 (MCC 2351), either singly or in combination, and studied their effect in the amelioration of salt toxicity in mustard cultivar Pusa Jagannath via its influence on plants' antioxidants' metabolism, photosynthesis and growth. Individually, the impact of Pseudomonas fluorescens was better in reducing stress ethylene, oxidative stress, photosynthesis and growth but maximal alleviation was observed with their combined application. MDA and H2O2 content as indicator of oxidative stress decreased by 27.86% and 45.18% and osmolytes content (proline and glycine-betaine) increased by 38.8% and 26.3%, respectively, while antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and GR) increased by 58.40, 25.65, 81.081 and 55.914%, respectively, over salt-treated plants through the application of Pseudomonas fluorescens. The combined application maximally resulted in more cell viability and less damage to the leaf with lesser superoxide generation due to higher antioxidative enzymes and reduced glutathione formation (GSH). Considering the obtained results, we can supplement the PGPR in combination to plants subjected to salt stress, prevent photosynthetic and growth reduction, and increase the yield of plants.
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19
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Puccio G, Ingraffia R, Mercati F, Amato G, Giambalvo D, Martinelli F, Sunseri F, Frenda AS. Transcriptome changes induced by Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in leaves of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) promote higher salt tolerance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:116. [PMID: 36596823 PMCID: PMC9810663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The salinity of soil is a relevant environmental problem around the world, with climate change raising its relevance, particularly in arid and semiarid areas. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) positively affect plant growth and health by mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses, including salt stress. The mechanisms through which these benefits manifest are, however, still unclear. This work aimed to identify key genes involved in the response to salt stress induced by AMF using RNA-Seq analysis on durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum Desf. Husn.). Five hundred sixty-three differentially expressed genes (DEGs), many of which involved in pathways related to plant stress responses, were identified. The expression of genes involved in trehalose metabolism, RNA processing, vesicle trafficking, cell wall organization, and signal transduction was significantly enhanced by the AMF symbiosis. A downregulation of genes involved in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress responses as well as amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates metabolisms was also detected, suggesting a lower oxidative stress condition in the AMF inoculated plants. Interestingly, many transcription factor families, including WRKY, NAC, and MYB, already known for their key role in plant abiotic stress response, were found differentially expressed between treatments. This study provides valuable insights on AMF-induced gene expression modulation and the beneficial effects of plant-AMF interaction in durum wheat under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Puccio
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ,grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosolino Ingraffia
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ,grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.452299.1Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Mercati
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Amato
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Giambalvo
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federico Martinelli
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- grid.11567.340000000122070761Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Alfonso S. Frenda
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Hnini M, Taha K, Aurag J. Molecular identification and characterization of phytobeneficial osmotolerant endophytic bacteria inhabiting root nodules of the Saharan tree Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana. Arch Microbiol 2022; 205:45. [PMID: 36576567 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nodular endophytes of drought-tolerant legumes are understudied. For this reason, we have isolated and studied non-symbiotic endophytic bacteria from nodules of Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana, a leguminous tree adapted to the harsh arid climate of Southern Morocco. Rep-PCR analysis followed by 16S rDNA sequencing revealed two main genera, Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Isolates responded variably to salt and water stresses, and mostly produced exopolysaccharides. Differences concerned also plant growth-promoting activities: phosphate, potassium, and zinc solubilization; biological nitrogen fixation; auxin, siderophore, ammonia, and HCN production; and ACC deaminase activity. Some strains exhibited antagonistic activities against phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea) and showed at least two enzymatic activities (cellulase, protease, chitinase). Four selected strains inoculated to vachellia plants under controlled conditions have shown significant positive impacts on plant growth parameters. These strains are promising bio-inoculants for vachellia plants to be used in reforestation programs in arid areas increasingly threatened by desertification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hnini
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kaoutar Taha
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jamal Aurag
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco.
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Li Z, Zhu M, Huang J, Jiang S, Xu S, Zhang Z, He W, Huang W. Genome-Wide Comprehensive Analysis of the Nitrogen Metabolism Toolbox Reveals Its Evolution and Abiotic Stress Responsiveness in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010288. [PMID: 36613735 PMCID: PMC9820731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen metabolism (NM) plays an essential role in response to abiotic stresses for plants. Enzyme activities have been extensively studied for nitrogen metabolism-associated pathways, but the knowledge of nitrogen metabolism-associated genes involved in stress response is still limited, especially for rice. In this study, we performed the genome-wide characterization of the genes putatively involved in nitrogen metabolism. A total of 1110 potential genes were obtained to be involved in nitrogen metabolism from eight species (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., Glycine max (L.) Merr., Brassica napus L., Triticum aestivum L., Sorghum bicolor L., Zea mays L., Oryza sativa L. and Amborella trichopoda Baill.), especially 104 genes in rice. The comparative phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily revealed the complicated divergence of different NM genes. The expression analysis among different tissues in rice indicates the NM genes showed diverse functions in the pathway of nitrogen absorption and assimilation. Distinct expression patterns of NM genes were observed in rice under drought stress, heat stress, and salt stress, indicating that the NM genes play a curial role in response to abiotic stress. Most NM genes showed a down-regulated pattern under heat stress, while complicated expression patterns were observed for different genes under salt stress and drought stress. The function of four representative NM genes (OsGS2, OsGLU, OsGDH2, and OsAMT1;1) was further validated by using qRT-PCR analysis to confirm their responses to these abiotic stresses. Based on the predicted transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), we built a co-expression regulatory network containing transcription factors (TFs) and NM genes, of which the constructed ERF and Dof genes may act as the core genes to respond to abiotic stresses. This study provides novel sights to the interaction between nitrogen metabolism and the response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jinqiu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenchuang He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (W.H.); Tel.: +86-137-2030-6240 (W.H.); +86-189-0711-8608 (W.H.)
| | - Wenchao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (W.H.); Tel.: +86-137-2030-6240 (W.H.); +86-189-0711-8608 (W.H.)
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Gohil RB, Raval VH, Panchal RR, Rajput KN. Plant growth promoting activities and effect of fermented panchagavya isolate Klebsiella sp. PG-64 on Vigna radiata. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:41. [PMID: 36512151 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A natural bacterial isolate from fermented panchagavya named as PG-64, exhibits multiple plant growth-promoting traits. This Gram-negative bacteria was identified as Klebsiella sp. PG-64 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The Klebsiella sp. PG-64 has shown production of indole acetic acid (106.0 µg/ml), gibberellic acid (20.0 µg/ml), ammonia (7.12 µmol/ml), exopolysaccharide (2.04% w/v) and phosphate solubilization (106.0 µg/ml). It produced 437 µg/ml IAA with 0.75% (w/v) L-tryptophan supplementation and was increased to 575 µg/ml in a laboratory-scale fermenter. The PG-64 has shown tolerance to abiotic stress conditions like pH (5.0-12.0), temperature (28-46 °C), salt (0.5-10.0% w/v NaCl) and osmotic resistance (1-10% w/v PEG-6000). The PG-64 also produced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (0.3 ng α-ketobutyrate/mg protein/h) indicating its potential for drought tolerance. Owing to its diverse properties, the effect of Klebsiella sp. PG-64 on Vigna radiata (Mung bean) was examined. The seeds treated with PG-64 culture showed 92% germination with a good seedling vigour index (202). In the pot study, Vigna radiata growth showed 2.23, 1.55, 2.00, 1.65, 1.73, 1.88, 5.00, 5.00, 1.57 times increase in primary root length, dry root weight, root hair numbers, leaf width, leaf numbers, leaf area, fruits number, flower number and chlorophyll content, respectively after 75 days. The application of Klebsiella sp. PG-64 culture resulted in substantial growth enhancement of Vigna radiata. The Klebsiella sp. PG-64 has multiple plant growth-promoting properties along with capabilities to tolerate abiotic stresses, making it a promising liquid biofertilizer contender for various crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkal B Gohil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Vikram H Raval
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Rakeshkumar R Panchal
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kiransinh N Rajput
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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Li Y, You X, Tang Z, Zhu T, Liu B, Chen MX, Xu Y, Liu TY. Isolation and identification of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from tall fescue rhizosphere and their functions under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13817. [PMID: 36344445 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity has become one of the major factors that threaten tall fescue growth and turf quality. Plants recruit diverse microorganisms in the rhizosphere to cope with salinity stress. In this study, 15 plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were isolated from the salt-treated rhizosphere of tall fescue and were annotated to 10 genera, including Agrobacterium, Fictibacillus, Rhizobium, Bhargavaea, Microbacterium, Paenarthrobacter, Pseudarthrobacter, Bacillus, Halomonas, and Paracoccus. All strains could produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Additionally, eight strains exhibited the ability to solubilize phosphate and potassium. Most strains could grow on the medium containing 600 mM NaCl, such as Bacillus zanthoxyli and Bacillus altitudinis. Furthermore, Bacillus zanthoxyli and Bacillus altitudinis were inoculated with tall fescue seeds and seedlings to determine their growth-promoting effect. The results showed that Bacillus altitudinis and mixed culture significantly increased the germination rate of tall fescue seeds. Bacillus zanthoxyli can significantly increase the tillers number and leaf width of seedlings under salt conditions. Through the synergistic effect of FaSOS1, FaHKT1, and FaHAK1 genes, Bacillus zanthoxyli helps to expel the excess Na+ from aboveground parts and absorb more K+ in roots to maintain ion homeostasis in tall fescue. Unexpectedly, we found that Bacillus altitudinis displayed an inapparent growth-promoting effect on seedlings under salt stress. Interestingly, the mixed culture of the two strains was also able to alleviate, to some extent, the effects of salt stress on tall fescue. This study provides a preliminary understanding of tall fescue rhizobacteria and highlights the role of Bacillus zanthoxyli in tall fescue growth and salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyue Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkai You
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Tang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefei Xu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Yuan Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Janati W, Mikou K, El Ghadraoui L, Errachidi F. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria naturally colonizing legumes rhizosphere in Morocco. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958300. [PMID: 36225374 PMCID: PMC9549286 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-cost and environmentally friendly agricultural practices have received increasing attention in recent years. Developing microbial inoculants containing phosphate (P) solubilizing bacteria (PSB) represents an emerging biological solution to improve rhizosphere P availability. The present study aims to explore PSB strains isolated from soils located at different bioclimatic stages in Morocco and present in various legumes rhizosphere to improve agronomic microbial fertilizer’s effectiveness. It was also aimed to test the isolated strains for their ability to solubilize P in NBRIP medium with Tricalcium P (Ca3 (PO4)2) (TCP), rock phosphate (RP), and their combination as a source of phosphorus, by (22) experiment design. Bacterial strains with a high P solubility index (PSI) were selected, characterized, and compared to commercial control. The vanadate-molybdate method was used to estimate P solubilization activity. Stress tolerance to salinity, acidity, drought, and temperature was tested. From all isolated strains (64), 12 were screened as promising biotechnological interest because of their P solubilization and their good resistance to different drastic conditions. Besides, the strain WJEF15 showed the most P solubility efficiency in NBRIP solid medium with a PSI of 4.1; while the WJEF61 strain was located as the most efficient strain in NBRIP-TCP liquid medium by releasing 147.62 mg.l–1 of soluble P. In contrast, in the NBRIP-RP medium, the strain WJEF15 presented maximum solubilization with 25.16 mg.l–1. The experiment design showed that a combination of RP and TCP with max level progressively increases P solubilization by 20.58%, while the WJEF63 strain has the most efficient concentration of 102.69 mg.l–1. Indeed, among the selected strains, four strains were able to limit tested fungi growth. Thus, results reveal a potential effect of selecting PSBs to support cropping cultures as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).
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Malviya D, Varma A, Singh UB, Singh S, Saxena AK. Unraveling the mechanism of sulfur nutrition in pigeonpea inoculated with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:927702. [PMID: 36134141 PMCID: PMC9483215 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.927702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to understand the mechanism(s) involved in the uptake of sulfur (S) as sulfate in pigeonpea following single inoculation of two sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Stenotrophomonas pavanii in the treatments amended with either elemental sulfur (S0) or sulfate (S6). Colonization potential and biofilm formation were analyzed through confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the effect of seed inoculation on root architecture, expression of genes involved in sulfur oxidation (sox) in bacterial inoculants, and genes involved in sulfate transport in pigeonpea (PpSULTR) were analyzed to correlate with the higher uptake of S in roots and shoots of pigeonpea. Both the SOB exhibited a good colonization potential and biofilm formation on the roots of pigeonpea. Among the 11 sox genes targeted in rhizosphere of pigeonpea, expression was achieved for seven genes, which showed 2-fold increase in treatments inoculated with S. maltophilia and amended with either S6 or S0. The inoculation of S. maltophilia and amendment of S0 led to increased expression of PpSULTR genes by several folds in roots. The inoculation of SOB had a significant influence on non-enzymatic (osmolytes like proline) and enzymatic (PAL, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) levels. The results revealed a significant increase in sulfur uptake in roots and shoots in treatment inoculated with S. maltophilia and amended with S6. The investigation showed that the SOB-mediated over-expression of PpSULTR genes in roots of pigeonpea and sox genes in the rhizosphere were acting synergistically in facilitating higher uptake and translocation of S in roots and shoots of pigeonpea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Malviya
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Udai B. Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailendra Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil K. Saxena
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Anil K. Saxena,
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Ou T, Gao H, Jiang K, Yu J, Zhao R, Liu X, Zhou Z, Xiang Z, Xie J. Endophytic Klebsiella aerogenes HGG15 stimulates mulberry growth in hydro-fluctuation belt and the potential mechanisms as revealed by microbiome and metabolomics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:978550. [PMID: 36033884 PMCID: PMC9417544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.978550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth promotion and stress tolerance induced by endophytes have been observed in various plants, but their effects on mulberry regularly suffering flood in the hydro-fluctuation belt are less understood. In the present study, endophytic Klebsiella aerogenes HGG15 was screened out from 28 plant growth promotion (PGP) bacteria as having superior PGP traits in vitro and in planta as well as biosafety for silkworms. K. aerogenes HGG15 could actively colonize into roots of mulberry and subsequently transferred to stems and leaves. The 16S ribosomal RNA (V3–V4 variable regions) amplicon sequencing revealed that exogenous application of K. aerogenes HGG15 altered the bacterial community structures of mulberry roots and stems. Moreover, the genus of Klebsiella was particularly enriched in inoculated mulberry roots and was positively correlated with mulberry development and soil potassium content. Untargeted metabolic profiles uncovered 201 differentially abundant metabolites (DEMs) between inoculated and control mulberry, with lipids and organo-heterocyclic compounds being particularly abundant DEMs. In addition, a high abundance of abiotic stress response factors and promotion growth stimulators such as glycerolipid, sphingolipid, indole, pyridine, and coumarin were observed in inoculated mulberry. Collectively, the knowledge gained from this study sheds light on potential strategies to enhance mulberry growth in hydro-fluctuation belt, and microbiome and metabolite analyses provide new insights into the growth promotion mechanisms used by plant-associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruolin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Xie,
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Effects of the Rhizosphere Fungus Cunninghamella bertholletiae on the Solanum lycopersicum Response to Diverse Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168909. [PMID: 36012179 PMCID: PMC9408995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the efficiency of fungal strain (Cunninghamella bertholletiae) isolated from the rhizosphere of Solanum lycopersicum to reduce symptoms of salinity, drought and heavy metal stresses in tomato plants. In vitro evaluation of C. bertholletiae demonstrated its ability to produce indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), ammonia and tolerate varied abiotic stresses on solid media. Tomato plants at 33 days’ old, inoculated with or without C. bertholletiae, were treated with 1.5% sodium chloride, 25% polyethylene glycol, 3 mM cadmium and 3 mM lead for 10 days, and the impact of C. bertholletiae on plant performance was investigated. Inoculation with C. bertholletiae enhanced plant biomass and growth attributes in stressed plants. In addition, C. bertholletiae modulated the physiochemical apparatus of stressed plants by raising chlorophyll, carotenoid, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents, and reducing hydrogen peroxide, protein, lipid metabolism, amino acid, antioxidant activities, and abscisic acid. Gene expression analysis showed enhanced expression of SlCDF3 and SlICS genes and reduced expression of SlACCase, SlAOS, SlGRAS6, SlRBOHD, SlRING1, SlTAF1, and SlZH13 genes following C. bertholletiae application. In conclusion, our study supports the potential of C. bertholletiae as a biofertilizer to reduce plant damage, improve crop endurance and remediation under stress conditions.
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Synergistic Practicing of Rhizobacteria and Silicon Improve Salt Tolerance: Implications from Boosted Oxidative Metabolism, Nutrient Uptake, Growth and Grain Yield in Mung Bean. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151980. [PMID: 35956457 PMCID: PMC9370704 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and silicon (Si) are known for alleviating abiotic stresses in crop plants. In this study, Bacillus drentensis and Enterobacter cloacae strains of PGPR and foliar application of Si were tested for regulating the antioxidant metabolism and nutrient uptake on grain yield of mung bean under irrigation of saline water (3.12 and 7.81 dS m−1). Bacterial inoculation and supplemental Si (1 and 2 kg ha−1) reduced salinity-induced oxidative stress in mung bean leaves. The improved salt stress tolerance was achieved by enhancing the activities of catalase (45%), peroxidase (43%) and ascorbate peroxidase (48%), while decreasing malondialdehyde levels (57%). Enhanced nutrient uptake of magnesium 1.85 mg g−1, iron 7 mg kg−1, zinc 49.66 mg kg−1 and copper 12.92 mg kg−1 in mung bean seeds was observed with foliar application of Si and PGPR inoculation. Biomass (7.75 t ha−1), number of pods per plant (16.02) and 1000 seed weight (60.95 g) of plants treated with 2 kg Si ha−1 and B. drentensis clearly outperformed treatments with Si or PGPR alone. In conclusion, application of Si and PGPR enhances mung bean productivity under saline conditions, thereby helping exploitation of agriculture in low productive areas.
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Actinomucor elegans and Podospora bulbillosa Positively Improves Endurance to Water Deficit and Salinity Stresses in Tomato Plants. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080785. [PMID: 36012774 PMCID: PMC9409863 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal strains isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy Solanum lycopersicum were examined to mitigate symptoms of drought and salinity stresses. The fungal strains were identified as Actinomucor elegans and Podospora bulbillosa based on their DNA sequencing and morphological analysis. Additionally, the fungal strains were assayed for a number of plant growth promoting traits and abiotic stresses on solid media. Moreover, a greenhouse experiment was conducted and tomato seedlings were treated with 25% PEG or 1.5% NaCl for 12 days, and the impact of plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) on tomato seedling performance under these conditions was examined. PGPF application raised the survival of the stressed tomato plants, which was evidenced by higher physiological and biochemical processes. The PGPF-inoculated plants exhibited higher chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, amino acid, antioxidant activities, salicylic acid, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents, and showed lower hydrogen peroxide, and lipid metabolism relative to control plants under stress. Analysis using gene expression showed enhanced expression of SlF3H gene and reduced expression of SlNCED1, SlDEAD31, SlbZIP38, and SlGRAS10 genes following PGPFs application. Overall, the outcomes of this study elucidate the function of these fungal strains and present candidates with potential implementation as biofertilizers and in promoting plant stress endurance.
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Yue Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zheng L, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Hu C, Chen C, Ma K, Sun Z. Halotolerant Bacillus altitudinis WR10 improves salt tolerance in wheat via a multi-level mechanism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:941388. [PMID: 35909740 PMCID: PMC9330482 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.941388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an important abiotic stress factor that seriously affects the crop growth and yield. Use of plant-derived microorganisms is a promising strategy to alleviate salt stress. In a previous study, the endophytic strain Bacillus altitudinis WR10 isolated from wheat roots showed high salt resistance. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of WR10 in improving the salt tolerance of wheat and its potential mechanisms using a hydroponic test. Under salt stress, WR10 inoculation significantly increased the lengths and dry weights of the roots and shoots, indicating that WR10 improves wheat salt tolerance at the seedling stage. WR10 inoculation significantly reduced Na+ accumulation and enhanced K+, P, and Ca2+ uptake in salt-stressed plants, which can be attributed to the upregulated gene expression of H+-ATPase as well as the P-solubilizing and biofilm-producing characteristics of WR10. At the transcriptional level, L-ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione (GSH) synthetase related to GSH biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes (CYP73A, 4CL, and CAD) were significantly upregulated, whereas those of GSH metabolism genes (glutathione S-transferase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) were significantly downregulated in WR10-applied wheat roots under salt stress. These changes increased the APX activity and GSH levels and resulted in a decrease in hydrogen peroxide levels. Additionally, a decrease in proline content was observed in WR10-inoculated plants under salt stress because of WR10-induced upregulation of proline dehydrogenase gene expression. These results provide supporting evidence that WR10 improves wheat salt tolerance via more than one mechanism and open a window of opportunity for WR10 application in salinized soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Yue
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yanjuan Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Qiaoyang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yongchuang Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Can Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Keshi Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Zhongke Sun
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Progress and Applications of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria in Salt Tolerance of Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137036. [PMID: 35806037 PMCID: PMC9266936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Saline soils are a major challenge in agriculture, and salinization is increasing worldwide due to climate change and destructive agricultural practices. Excessive amounts of salt in soils cause imbalances in ion distribution, physiological dehydration, and oxidative stress in plants. Breeding and genetic engineering methods to improve plant salt tolerance and the better use of saline soils are being explored; however, these approaches can take decades to accomplish. A shorter-term approach to improve plant salt tolerance is to be inoculated with bacteria with high salt tolerance or adjusting the balance of bacteria in the rhizosphere, including endosymbiotic bacteria (living in roots or forming a symbiont) and exosymbiotic bacteria (living on roots). Rhizosphere bacteria promote plant growth and alleviate salt stress by providing minerals (such as nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium) and hormones (including auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid) or by reducing ethylene production. Plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria are a promising tool to restore agricultural lands and improve plant growth in saline soils. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of plant growth-promoting bacteria under salt stress and their applications for improving plant salt tolerance to provide a theoretical basis for further use in agricultural systems.
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Ahmad M, Imtiaz M, Shoib Nawaz M, Mubeen F, Imran A. What Did We Learn From Current Progress in Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants? Can Microbes Be a Solution? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:794782. [PMID: 35677244 PMCID: PMC9168681 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.794782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a significant parameter in agriculture since it controls seed germination and plant growth. Global warming has resulted in an irregular rise in temperature posing a serious threat to the agricultural production around the world. A slight increase in temperature acts as stress and exert an overall negative impact on different developmental stages including plant phenology, development, cellular activities, gene expression, anatomical features, the functional and structural orientation of leaves, twigs, roots, and shoots. These impacts ultimately decrease the biomass, affect reproductive process, decrease flowering and fruiting and significant yield losses. Plants have inherent mechanisms to cope with different stressors including heat which may vary depending upon the type of plant species, duration and degree of the heat stress. Plants initially adapt avoidance and then tolerance strategies to combat heat stress. The tolerance pathway involves ion transporter, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, heat shock protein which help the plants to survive under heat stress. To develop heat-tolerant plants using above-mentioned strategies requires a lot of time, expertise, and resources. On contrary, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) is a cost-effective, time-saving, and user-friendly approach to support and enhance agricultural production under a range of environmental conditions including stresses. PGPR produce and regulate various phytohormones, enzymes, and metabolites that help plant to maintain growth under heat stress. They form biofilm, decrease abscisic acid, stimulate root development, enhance heat shock proteins, deamination of ACC enzyme, and nutrient availability especially nitrogen and phosphorous. Despite extensive work done on plant heat stress tolerance in general, very few comprehensive reviews are available on the subject especially the role of microbes for plant heat tolerance. This article reviews the current studies on the retaliation, adaptation, and tolerance to heat stress at the cellular, organellar, and whole plant levels, explains different approaches, and sheds light on how microbes can help to induce heat stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz
- Microbial Ecology Lab, Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Asma Imran
- Microbial Ecology Lab, Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Singh RP, Pandey DM, Jha PN, Ma Y. ACC deaminase producing rhizobacterium Enterobacter cloacae ZNP-4 enhance abiotic stress tolerance in wheat plant. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267127. [PMID: 35522667 PMCID: PMC9075627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) designated as ZNP-4, isolated from the rhizosphere of Ziziphus nummularia, was identified as Enterobacter cloacae following 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The isolated strain exhibited various plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) activity was evaluated under diverse physiological conditions that could be useful for minimizing the abiotic stress-induced inhibitory effects on wheat plants. The strain showed resistance to salt (NaCl) and metal (ZnSO4) stress. The effect of E. cloacae ZNP-4 on the augmentation of plant growth was studied under salinity stress of 150 mM (T1 treatment) & 200 mM (T2 treatment) NaCl. The inoculation of strain ZNP-4 significantly improved the various growth parameters of wheat plant such as shoot length (41%), root length (31%), fresh weight (28%), dry weight (29%), photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a (62%) and chlorophyll b (34%). Additionally, the strain was found to be efficient for minimizing the imposed Zn stress in terms of improving plant growth, biomass and photosynthetic pigments in pots containing different levels of metal stress of 150 mg kg-1 (treatment T1) and 250 mg kg-1 (treatment T2). Isolate ZNP-4 also improved the proline content and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level under both salinity and metal stress, therefore maintaining the membrane integrity. Furthermore, bacterial inoculation increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX). The positive effects of PGPR occurred concurrently with the decrease in abiotic stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2-) contents. Overall, the observed results indicate that use of bacteria with such beneficial traits could be used as bio-fertilizers for many crops growing under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
- * E-mail: (RPS); (YM)
| | - Dev Mani Pandey
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Prabhat Nath Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (RPS); (YM)
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Bacillus subtilis HG-15, a Halotolerant Rhizoplane Bacterium, Promotes Growth and Salinity Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9506227. [PMID: 35578723 PMCID: PMC9107367 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9506227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Certain plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) reduce salt stress damage in plants. Bacillus subtilis HG-15 is a halotolerant bacterium (able to withstand NaCl concentrations as high as 30%) isolated from the wheat rhizoplane in the Yellow River delta. A qualitative and quantitative investigation of the plant growth-promoting characteristics of this strain confirmed nitrogen fixation, potassium dissolution, ammonia, plant hormone, ACC deaminase, and proline production abilities. B. subtilis HG-15 colonization of wheat roots, stems, and leaves was examined via scanning electron microscopy, rep-PCR, and double antibiotic screening. After inoculation with the B. subtilis HG-15 strain, the pH (1.08–2.69%), electrical conductivity (3.17–11.48%), and Na+ (12.98–15.55%) concentrations of rhizosphere soil significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Under no-salt stress (0.15% NaCl), low-salt stress (0.25% NaCl), and high-salt stress (0.35% NaCl) conditions, this strain also significantly increased (p < 0.05) the dry weight (17.76%, 24.46%, and 9.31%), fresh weight (12.80%, 20.48%, and 7.43%), plant height (7.79%, 5.86%, and 13.13%), and root length (10.28%, 17.87%, and 48.95%). Our results indicated that B. subtilis HG-15 can effectively improve the growth of wheat and elicit induced systemic tolerance in these plants, thus showing its potential as a microbial inoculant that can protect wheat under salt stress conditions.
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Hadj Brahim A, Ben Ali M, Daoud L, Jlidi M, Akremi I, Hmani H, Feto NA, Ben Ali M. Biopriming of Durum Wheat Seeds with Endophytic Diazotrophic Bacteria Enhances Tolerance to Fusarium Head Blight and Salinity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050970. [PMID: 35630414 PMCID: PMC9147649 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of bio inoculants based on plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to promote plant growth under biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we provided a detailed account of the effectiveness of a number of endophytic PGPB strains, isolated from the roots of the halophyte Salicornia brachiata in promoting durum wheat growth and enhancing its tolerance to salinity and fusarium head blight (FHB) disease. Bacillus spp. strains MA9, MA14, MA17, and MA19 were found to have PGPB characteristics as they produced indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, and lytic enzymes, fixed free atmospheric nitrogen, and solubilized inorganic phosphate in vitro. Additionally, the in vivo study that involved in planta inoculation assays under control and stress conditions indicated that all PGPB strains significantly (p < 0.05) increased the total plant length, dry weight, root area, seed weight, and nitrogen, protein, and mineral contents. Particularly, the MA17 strain showed a superior performance since it was the most efficient in reducing disease incidence in wheat explants by 64.5%, in addition to having the strongest plant growth promotion activity under salt stress. Both in vitro and in vivo assays showed that MA9, MA14, MA17, and MA19 strains were able to play significant PGPB roles. However, biopriming with Bacillus subtilis MA17 offered the highest plant growth promotion and salinity tolerance, and bioprotection against FHB. Hence, it would be worth testing the MA17 strain under field conditions as a step towards its commercial production. Moreover, the strain could be further assessed for its plausible role in bioprotection and growth promotion in other crop plants. Thus, it was believed that the strain has the potential to significantly contribute to wheat production in arid and semi-arid regions, especially the salt-affected Middle Eastern Region, in addition to its potential role in improving wheat production under biotic and abiotic stresses in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Hadj Brahim
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymatic Engineering (LBMIE), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.B.A.); (L.D.); (M.J.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.B.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Manel Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymatic Engineering (LBMIE), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.B.A.); (L.D.); (M.J.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
- Astrum Biotech, Business Incubator, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Daoud
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymatic Engineering (LBMIE), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.B.A.); (L.D.); (M.J.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
- Astrum Biotech, Business Incubator, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Jlidi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymatic Engineering (LBMIE), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.B.A.); (L.D.); (M.J.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Ismahen Akremi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymatic Engineering (LBMIE), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.B.A.); (L.D.); (M.J.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Houda Hmani
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymatic Engineering (LBMIE), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.B.A.); (L.D.); (M.J.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Naser Aliye Feto
- OMICS Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa;
| | - Mamdouh Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymatic Engineering (LBMIE), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.B.A.); (L.D.); (M.J.); (I.A.); (H.H.)
- Astrum Biotech, Business Incubator, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (A.H.B.); (M.B.A.)
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Hussein HAA, Alshammari SO, Kenawy SKM, Elkady FM, Badawy AA. Grain-Priming with L-Arginine Improves the Growth Performance of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Plants under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091219. [PMID: 35567220 PMCID: PMC9100063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the main limiting abiotic environmental stress worldwide. Water scarcity restricts the growth, development, and productivity of crops. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a fundamentally cultivated cereal crop. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of grain-priming with arginine (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM) on growth performance and some physiological aspects of wheat plants under normal or drought-stressed conditions. Morphological growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free amino acids, proline, total phenols, flavonoids, and proteins profiles were determined. Drought stress lowered plant growth parameters and chlorophyll a and b contents while increasing carotenoids, soluble sugars, free amino acids, proline, total phenols, and flavonoids. Soaking wheat grains with arginine (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM) improves plant growth and mitigates the harmful effects of drought stress. The most effective treatment to alleviate the effects of drought stress on wheat plants was (1 mM) arginine, that increased root length (48.3%), leaves number (136%), shoot fresh weight (110.5%), root fresh weight (110.8%), root dry weight (107.7%), chlorophyll a (11.4%), chlorophyll b (38.7%), and carotenoids content (41.9%) compared to the corresponding control values. Arginine enhanced the synthesis of soluble sugars, proline, free amino acids, phenols, and flavonoids in wheat plants under normal or stressed conditions. Furthermore, the protein profile varies in response to drought stress and arginine pretreatments. Ultimately, pretreatment with arginine had a powerful potential to face the impacts of drought stress on wheat plants by promoting physiological and metabolic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebat-Allah A. Hussein
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt; (H.-A.A.H.); (S.K.M.K.)
- Biology Department, University College of Nairiyah, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Nairiyah 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shifaa O. Alshammari
- Biology Department, College of Science, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sahar K. M. Kenawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt; (H.-A.A.H.); (S.K.M.K.)
| | - Fatma M. Elkady
- National Research Centre, Department of Botany, Dokki, Giza 12311, Egypt;
| | - Ali A. Badawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1006069161
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Haque MM, Biswas MS, Mosharaf MK, Haque MA, Islam MS, Nahar K, Islam MM, Shozib HB, Islam MM, Ferdous-E-Elahi. Halotolerant biofilm-producing rhizobacteria mitigate seawater-induced salt stress and promote growth of tomato. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5599. [PMID: 35379908 PMCID: PMC8980105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-producing rhizobacteria (BPR) enhance productivity and mitigate abiotic stresses in plants. This study showed that 21 out of 65 halotolerant rhizobacteria could build biofilms. The components of the biofilm matrices i.e., extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are proteins, curli, nanocelloluse, nucleic acids, lipids, and peptidoglycans. Various functional groups including carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, hydroxyl, and phosphate were identified. Positions of these groups were shifted by application of 5% NaCl, suggesting Na+ biosorption. By sequencing, Glutamicibacter arilaitensis (ESK1, ESM4 and ESM7), G. nicotianae (ESK19, ESM8 and ESM16), Enterobacter ludwigii (ESK15, ESK17, ESM2 and ESM17), E. cloacae (ESM5 and ESM12), Exiguobacterium acetylicum (ESM24 and ESM25), Staphylococcus saprophyticus ESK6, Leclercia adecarboxylata ESK12, Pseudomonas poae ESK16, Bacillus subtilis ESM14, and P. putida ESM17 were identified. These rhizobacteria exhibited numerous plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities including producing IAA, ACC deaminase, and siderophores, and solubilizing phosphate. Under non-stress, bacterized plants increased biomass accumulation (8–23.2% roots and 23–49.4% shoots), while under seawater-induced salt stress only ESK12, ESM4, ESM12, and ESM14 enhanced biomass production (5.8–52.9% roots and 8.8–33.4% shoots). Bacterized plants induced antioxidant defense system (19.5–142% catalase and 12.3–24.2% DPPH radical scavenging activity), retained a greater relative water content (17–124%), showed lesser membrane injuries (19.9–26.5%), and a reduced Na+ (6–24% in roots) and increased K+/Na+ ratio (78.8 and 103% in roots by ESK12 and ESM24, respectively) than the non-bacterized plants in saline conditions. Thus, native halotolerant BPR can be utilized as ameliorators of salt stress.
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Prasad G, Mittal S, Kumar A, Chauhan D, Sahu TK, Kumar S, Singh R, Yadav MC, Singh AK. Transcriptome Analysis of Bread Wheat Genotype KRL3-4 Provides a New Insight Into Regulatory Mechanisms Associated With Sodicity (High pH) Tolerance. Front Genet 2022; 12:782366. [PMID: 35222517 PMCID: PMC8864244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.782366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, sodicity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting the wheat productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. With due consideration, an investigation of the complex gene network associated with sodicity stress tolerance is required to identify transcriptional changes in plants during abiotic stress conditions. For this purpose, we sequenced the flag leaf transcriptome of a highly tolerant bread wheat germplasm (KRL 3-4) in order to extend our knowledge and better understanding of the molecular basis of sodicity tolerance. A total of 1,980 genes were differentially expressed in the flag leaf due to sodicity stress. Among these genes, 872 DEGs were upregulated and 1,108 were downregulated. Furthermore, annotation of DEGs revealed that a total of 1,384 genes were assigned to 2,267 GO terms corresponding to 502 (biological process), 638 (cellular component), and 1,127 (molecular function). GO annotation also revealed the involvement of genes related to several transcription factors; the important ones are expansins, peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and metal ion transporters in response to sodicity. Additionally, from 127 KEGG pathways, only 40 were confidently enriched at a p-value <0.05 covering the five main KEGG categories of metabolism, i.e., environmental information processing, genetic information processing, organismal systems, and cellular processes. Most enriched pathways were prioritized using MapMan software and revealed that lipid metabolism, nutrient uptake, and protein homeostasis were paramount. We have also found 39 SNPs that mapped to the important sodicity stress-responsive genes associated with various pathways such as ROS scavenging, serine/threonine protein kinase, calcium signaling, and metal ion transporters. In a nutshell, only 19 important candidate genes contributing to sodicity tolerance in bread wheat were identified, and these genes might be helpful for better understanding and further improvement of sodicity tolerance in bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Prasad
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Mittal
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Divya Chauhan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sundeep Kumar
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India
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Zhao Y, Zhang F, Mickan B, Wang D, Wang W. Physiological, proteomic, and metabolomic analysis provide insights into Bacillus sp.-mediated salt tolerance in wheat. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:95-118. [PMID: 34546426 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the inoculation with strain wp-6 promoted the growth of wheat seedlings by improving the energy production and conversion of wheat seedlings and alleviating salt stress. Soil salinization decreases crop productivity due to high toxicity of sodium ions to plants. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been demonstrated to alleviate salinity stress. However, the mechanism of PGPR in improving plant salt tolerance remains unclear. In this study, physiological analysis, proteomics, and metabolomics were applied to investigate the changes in wheat seedlings under salt stress (150 mM NaCl), both with and without plant root inoculation with wp-6 (Bacillus sp.). Under salt stress, root inoculation with strain wp-6 increased plant biomass (57%) and root length (25%). The Na+ content was reduced, while the K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio were increased. The content of malondialdehyde was decreased by 31.94% after inoculation of wp-6 under salt stress, while the content of proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein were increased by 7.48%, 12.34%, and 4.12%, respectively. The peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were increased after inoculation of wp-6 under salt stress. Galactose metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, caffeine metabolism, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism might play an important role in promoting the growth of salt-stressed wheat seedlings after the inoculation with wp-6. Interaction analysis of differentially expressed proteins and metabolites found that energy production and transformation-related proteins and six metabolites (D-arginine, palmitoleic acid, chlorophyllide b, rutin, pheophorbide a, and vanillylamine) were mainly involved in the growth of wheat seedlings after the inoculation with wp-6 under salt stress. Furthermore, correlation analysis found that inoculation with wp-6 promotes the growth of salt-stressed wheat seedlings mainly through regulating amino acid metabolism and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. This study provides an eco-friendly method to increase agricultural productivity and paves a way to sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North 4th Street No. 221, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North 4th Street No. 221, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Bede Mickan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North 4th Street No. 221, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North 4th Street No. 221, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
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Ou T, Zhang M, Huang Y, Wang L, Wang F, Wang R, Liu X, Zhou Z, Xie J, Xiang Z. Role of Rhizospheric Bacillus megaterium HGS7 in Maintaining Mulberry Growth Under Extremely Abiotic Stress in Hydro-Fluctuation Belt of Three Gorges Reservoir. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:880125. [PMID: 35712602 PMCID: PMC9195505 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.880125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have been shown to play important roles in maintaining host fitness under periods of abiotic stress, and yet their effect on mulberry trees which regularly suffer drought after flooding in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region in China remains largely uncharacterized. In the present study, 74 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of mulberry after drought stress, including 12 phosphate-solubilizing and 10 indole-3-acetic-acid-producing isolates. Bacillus megaterium HGS7 was selected for further study due to the abundance of traits that might benefit plants. Genomic analysis revealed that strain HGS7 possessed multiple genes that contributed to plant growth promotion, stress tolerance enhancement, and antimicrobial compound production. B. megaterium HGS7 consistently exhibited antagonistic activity against phytopathogens and strong tolerance to abiotic stress in vitro. Moreover, this strain stimulated mulberry seed germination and seedling growth. It may also induce the production of proline and antioxidant enzymes in mulberry trees to enhance drought tolerance and accelerate growth recovery after drought stress. The knowledge of the interactions between rhizobacteria HGS7 and its host plant might provide a potential strategy to enhance the drought tolerance of mulberry trees in a hydro-fluctuation belt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yazhou Huang
- Kaizhou District Nature Reserve Management Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Xie,
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Ji C, Wang X, Song X, Zhou Q, Li C, Chen Z, Gao Q, Li H, Li J, Zhang P, Cao H. Effect of Bacillus velezensis JC-K3 on Endophytic Bacterial and Fungal Diversity in Wheat Under Salt Stress. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:802054. [PMID: 34987493 PMCID: PMC8722765 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.802054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can effectively reduce salt damage in plants. Currently, there are many studies on the effects of PGPB on the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil under salt stress, but fewer studies on the community structure of endophytic bacteria and fungi. We propose that inoculation of endophytic bacteria into the rhizosphere of plants can significantly affect the microbial community structure of the plant's above-ground and underground parts, which may be the cause of the plant's "Induced Systemic Tolerance." The isolated endophytes were re-inoculated into the rhizosphere under salinity stress. We found that, compared with the control group, inoculation with endophytic Bacillus velezensis JC-K3 not only increased the accumulation of wheat biomass, but also increased the content of soluble sugar and chlorophyll in wheat, and reduced the absorption of Na in wheat shoots and leaves. The abundance of bacterial communities in shoots and leaves increased and the abundance of fungal communities decreased after inoculation with JC-K3. The fungal community richness of wheat rhizosphere soil was significantly increased. The diversity of bacterial communities in shoots and leaves increased, and the richness of fungal communities decreased. JC-K3 strain improved wheat's biomass accumulation ability, osmotic adjustment ability, and ion selective absorption ability. In addition, JC-K3 significantly altered the diversity and abundance of endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms in wheat. PGPB can effectively reduce plant salt damage. At present, there are many studies on the effect of PGPB on the microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil under salt stress, but there are few studies on the community structure changes of endophytic bacteria and fungi in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Seaweed Fertilizers, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Song
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qisheng Zhou
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service Center of Xintai City, Taian, China
| | - Chaohui Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Zhizhang Chen
- College of Foreign Languages, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Qixiong Gao
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Huying Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jintai Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
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Madline A, Benidire L, Boularbah A. Alleviation of salinity and metal stress using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from semiarid Moroccan copper-mine soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67185-67202. [PMID: 34247350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly method for rehabilitation of mine tailing. Some heavy metals and salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could be beneficial in alleviating soil salinity and heavy metal stress during plant growth. The aim of this work is to select PGPR that could be used in phytoremediation process. Twenty-nine rhizobacteria are examined for their ability to grow at increasing concentrations of NaCl, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd. The results showed that seventeen rhizobacteria displayed high salinity and metal tolerance up to 100 g L-1 of NaCl, 5 mM of Cd, 9 mM of Pb, 10 mM of Zn, and 6 mM of Cu. Moreover, almost all tested bacteria maintained their PGP traits under 10% of NaCl and multi-metal stress. Based on seedling bioassay under metallic and salt stress, using Peganum harmala L. and Lactuca sativa L., beneficial effects of seed inoculation with bacterial consortia (Mesorhizobium tamadayense, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, Pseudomonas azotifigens, and Streptomyces caelestis) have been observed in terms of root and shoot elongation. Our results show that the stress-tolerant consortium used has a great potential to sustain plants establishment in heavily disturbed soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atika Madline
- Université Cadi-Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Laboratoire Bioressources et Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, BP 549, M-40000, Guéliz, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Leila Benidire
- Université Cadi-Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Laboratoire Bioressources et Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, BP 549, M-40000, Guéliz, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ali Boularbah
- Université Cadi-Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Laboratoire Bioressources et Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, BP 549, M-40000, Guéliz, Marrakech, Morocco.
- Center of Excellence for Soil and Africa Research in Africa, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnique - University Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
- Université Cadi Ayyad, Ecole Supérieure de Technologie, El Kelâa des Sraghna, Morocco.
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Naing AH, Maung TT, Kim CK. The ACC deaminase-producing plant growth-promoting bacteria: Influences of bacterial strains and ACC deaminase activities in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1992-2012. [PMID: 34487352 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change results in frequent occurrences and/or long durations of abiotic stress. Field grown plants are affected by abiotic stress, and they modulate ethylene in response to abiotic stress exposure and use it as a signaling molecule in stress tolerance mechanisms. However, frequent occurrences and/or long durations of stress conditions can cause plants to induce ethylene levels higher than their thresholds, resulting in a reduction of plant growth and crop productivity. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) that produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase has increased in various plant species to ameliorate the deleterious effects of stress-induced ethylene and promote plant growth despite abiotic stress conditions. Unfortunately, there are restrictions that limit the use of ACC deaminase-producing PGPB to protect plants from abiotic stresses. This review describes how abiotic stress induces ethylene and how stress-induced ethylene adversely affects plant growth. In addition, this review emphasizes the importance of the compatibility of PGPB strains and specific host plants and ACC deaminase activities in the reduction of stress ethylene and the promotion of plant growth, based on the research published in the last 10 years. Moreover, due to the restrictions in PGPB use, this review highlights the potential generation of transgenic plants expressing the AcdS gene that encodes the ACC deaminase enzyme as a substitute for PGPB in the future to support and uplift agricultural sustainability and food security globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - The-Thiri Maung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Salinity Stress: Toward Sustainable Plant Strategies and Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Encapsulation for Reducing It. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that influences plant growth and productivity worldwide. Salinity affects plant growth by ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, hormonal imbalance, nutrient mobilization reduction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). To survive in saline soils, plants have developed various physiological and biochemical strategies such as ion exchange, activation of antioxidant enzymes, and hormonal stimulation. In addition to plant adaption mechanisms, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can enhance salt tolerance in plants via ion homeostasis, production of antioxidants, ACC deaminase, phytohormones, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), volatile organic compounds, accumulation of osmolytes, activation of plant antioxidative enzymes, and improvement of nutrients uptake. One of the important issues in microbial biotechnology is establishing a link between the beneficial strains screened in the laboratory with industry and the consumer. Therefore, in the development of biocontrol agents, it is necessary to study the optimization of conditions for mass reproduction and the selection of a suitable carrier for their final formulation. Toward sustainable agriculture, the use of appropriate formulations of bacterial agents as high-performance biofertilizers, including microbial biocapsules, is necessary to improve salt tolerance and crop productivity.
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Zhao X, Zhong Y, Shi J, Zhou W. 24-epibrassinolide confers tolerance against deep-seeding stress in Zea mays L. coleoptile development by phytohormones signaling transduction and their interaction network. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1963583. [PMID: 34425064 PMCID: PMC8526002 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1963583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Coleoptile/mesocotyl elongation influence seedling emergence and establishment, is major causes of maize deep-seeding tolerance (DST). Detailed analyses on molecular basis underlying their elongation mediated by brassinosteroid under deep-seeding stress (DSS) could provide meaningful information for key factors controlling their elongation. Here we monitored transcriptome and phytohormones changes specifically in elongating coleoptile/mesocotyl in response to DSS and 24-epibrassinolide (EBR)-signaling. Phenotypically, contrasting maize evolved variant organs to positively respond to DST, longer coleoptile/mesocoty of K12/W64A was a desirable organ for seedling under DSS. Applied-EBR improved maize DST, and their coleoptiles/mesocotyls were further elongated. 15,607/20,491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in W64A/K12 coleoptile, KEGG analysis showed plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation were critical processes of coleoptile elongation under DSS and EBR signaling, further highly interconnected network maps including 79/142 DEGs for phytohormones were generated. Consistent with these DEGs expression, interactions, and transport, IAA, GA3, ABA, and Cis-ZT were significantly reduced while EBR, Trans-ZT, JA, and SA were clearly increased in coleoptile under DSS and EBR-signaling. These results enrich our knowledge about the genes and phytohormones regulating coleoptile elongation in maize, and help improve future studies on corresponding genes and develop varieties with DST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- CONTACT Xiaoqiang Zhao Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Zhou
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Wenqi Zhou Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou730070, P.R. China
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Kazerooni EA, Al-Sadi AM, Kim ID, Imran M, Lee IJ. Ampelopsin Confers Endurance and Rehabilitation Mechanisms in Glycine max cv. Sowonkong under Multiple Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10943. [PMID: 34681604 PMCID: PMC8536110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation aims to perceive the effect of exogenous ampelopsin treatment on salinity and heavy metal damaged soybean seedlings (Glycine max L.) in terms of physiochemical and molecular responses. Screening of numerous ampelopsin concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 25 μM) on soybean seedling growth indicated that the 1 μM concentration displayed an increase in agronomic traits. The study also determined how ampelopsin application could recover salinity and heavy metal damaged plants. Soybean seedlings were irrigated with water, 1.5% NaCl or 3 mM chosen heavy metals for 12 days. Our results showed that the application of ampelopsin raised survival of the 45-day old salinity and heavy metal stressed soybean plants. The ampelopsin treated plants sustained high chlorophyll, protein, amino acid, fatty acid, salicylic acid, sugar, antioxidant activities and proline contents, and displayed low hydrogen peroxide, lipid metabolism, and abscisic acid contents under unfavorable status. A gene expression survey revealed that ampelopsin application led to the improved expression of GmNAC109, GmFDL19, GmFAD3, GmAPX, GmWRKY12, GmWRKY142, and GmSAP16 genes, and reduced the expression of the GmERF75 gene. This study suggests irrigation with ampelopsin can alleviate plant damage and improve plant yield under stress conditions, especially those including salinity and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmed Kazerooni
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (E.A.K.); (I.-D.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Oman;
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (E.A.K.); (I.-D.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (E.A.K.); (I.-D.K.); (M.I.)
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (E.A.K.); (I.-D.K.); (M.I.)
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Salt-Tolerant Compatible Microbial Inoculants Modulate Physio-Biochemical Responses Enhance Plant Growth, Zn Biofortification and Yield of Wheat Grown in Saline-Sodic Soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189936. [PMID: 34574855 PMCID: PMC8467820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of root-associated mutualistic microorganisms have been successfully applied and documented in the past for growth promotion, biofertilization, biofortification and biotic and abiotic stress amelioration in major crops. These microorganisms include nitrogen fixers, nutrient mobilizers, bio-remediators and bio-control agents. The present study aimed to demonstrate the impact of salt-tolerant compatible microbial inoculants on plant growth; Zn biofortification and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops grown in saline-sodic soil and insight of the mechanisms involved therein are being shared through this paper. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma harzianum UBSTH-501 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-16 on wheat grown in saline-sodic soil at Research Farm, ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Sciences, Kushmaur, India. The population of rhizosphere-associated microorganisms changed dramatically upon inoculation of the test microbes in the wheat rhizosphere. The co-inoculation induced a significant accumulation of proline and total soluble sugar in wheat at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing as compared to the uninoculated control. Upon quantitative estimation of organic solutes and antioxidant enzymes, these were found to have increased significantly in co-inoculated plants under salt-stressed conditions. The application of microbial inoculants enhanced the salt tolerance level significantly in wheat plants grown in saline-sodic soil. A significant increase in the uptake and translocation of potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) was observed in wheat co-inoculated with the microbial inoculants, while a significant reduction in sodium (Na+) content was recorded in plants treated with both the bio-agents when compared with the respective uninoculated control plants. Results clearly indicated that significantly higher expression of TaHKT-1 and TaNHX1 in the roots enhances salt tolerance effectively by maintaining the Na+/K+ balance in the plant tissue. It was also observed that co-inoculation of the test inoculants increased the expression of ZIP transporters (2–3.5-folds) which ultimately led to increased biofortification of Zn in wheat grown in saline-sodic soil. Results suggested that co-inoculation of T. harzianum UBSTH-501 and B. amyloliquefaciens B-16 not only increased plant growth but also improved total grain yield along with a reduction in seedling mortality in the early stages of crop growth. In general, the present investigation demonstrated the feasibility of using salt-tolerant rhizosphere microbes for plant growth promotion and provides insights into plant-microbe interactions to ameliorate salt stress and increase Zn bio-fortification in wheat.
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Singh S, Kumar V, Parihar P, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Ramamurthy PC, Prasad R, Singh J. Differential regulation of drought stress by biological membrane transporters and channels. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1565-1583. [PMID: 34132878 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stress arising due to abiotic factors affects the plant's growth and productivity. Among several existing abiotic stressors like cold, drought, heat, salinity, heavy metal, etc., drought condition tends to affect the plant's growth by inducing two-point effect, i.e., it disturbs the water balance as well as induces toxicity by disturbing the ion homeostasis, thus hindering the growth and productivity of plants, and to survive under this condition, plants have evolved several transportation systems that are involved in regulating the drought stress. The role of membrane transporters has gained interest since genetic engineering came into existence, and they were found to be the important modulators for tolerance, avoidance, ion movements, stomatal movements, etc. Here in this comprehensive review, we have discussed the role of transporters (ABA, protein, carbohydrates, etc.) and channels that aids in withstanding the drought stress as well as the regulatory role of transporters involved in osmotic adjustments arising due to drought stress. This review also provides a gist of hydraulic conductivity by roots that are involved in regulating the drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211008, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
| | - Rachana Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211008, India
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India.
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
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Jhuma TA, Rafeya J, Sultana S, Rahman MT, Karim MM. Isolation of Endophytic Salt-Tolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria From Oryza sativa and Evaluation of Their Plant Growth-Promoting Traits Under Salinity Stress Condition. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.687531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as vital components for plant growth promotion against biotic and abiotic stresses could be a promising strategy to improve crop production in areas vulnerable to increasing salinity. Here, we isolated Seventy-five endophytic bacteria from roots of healthy Oryza sativa grown in a saline environment of the southern coastal region of Bangladesh. The endophytes in a culture of ~108 CFU/ml showed arrays of plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities: phytohormone (Indole acetic acid) production (1.20–60.13 μg/ ml), nutrient (phosphate) solubilization (0.02–1.81 μg/ml) and nitrogen fixation (70.24–198.70 μg/ml). Four genomically diverse groups were identified namely, Enterobacter, Achromobacter, Bacillus, and Stenotrophomonas using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis followed by their respective 16S rDNA sequence analyses with that of the data available in NCBI GenBank. These four specific isolates showed tolerance to NaCl ranging from 1.37 to 2.57 mol/L in the nutrient agar medium. Under a 200 mmol/L salt stress in vitro, the bacteria in a culture of 108 CFU/ml exhibited competitive exopolysaccharide (EPS) production: Stenotrophomonas (65 μg/ml) and Bacillus (28 μg/ml), when compared to the positive control, Pseudomonas spp. (23.65 μg/ml), a phenomenon ably supported by their strong biofilm-producing abilities both in a microtiter plate assay, and in soil condition; and demonstrated by images of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Overall, the isolated endophytic microorganisms revealed potential PGP activities that could be supported by their biofilm-forming ability under salinity stress, thereby building up a sustainable solution for ensuring food security in coastal agriculture under changing climate conditions.
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Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Synergistic Interactions to Counteract the Negative Effects of Saline Soil on Agriculture: Key Macromolecules and Mechanisms. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071491. [PMID: 34361927 PMCID: PMC8307984 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil saltiness is a noteworthy issue as it results in loss of profitability and development of agrarian harvests and decline in soil health. Microorganisms associated with plants contribute to their growth promotion and salinity tolerance by employing a multitude of macromolecules and pathways. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have an immediate impact on improving profitability based on higher crop yield. Some PGPR produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) deaminase (EC 4.1.99.4), which controls ethylene production by diverting ACC into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia. ACC deaminase enhances germination rate and growth parameters of root and shoot in different harvests with and without salt stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) show a symbiotic relationship with plants, which helps in efficient uptake of mineral nutrients and water by the plants and also provide protection to the plants against pathogens and various abiotic stresses. The dual inoculation of PGPR and AMF enhances nutrient uptake and productivity of several crops compared to a single inoculation in both normal and stressed environments. Positively interacting PGPR + AMF combination is an efficient and cost-effective recipe for improving plant tolerance against salinity stress, which can be an extremely useful approach for sustainable agriculture.
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