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Zhu Q, Tan Q, Gao Q, Zheng S, Chen W, Galaud J, Li X, Zhu X. Calmodulin-like protein CML15 interacts with PP2C46/65 to regulate papaya fruit ripening via integrating calcium, ABA and ethylene signals. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1703-1723. [PMID: 38319003 PMCID: PMC11123395 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that calcium, ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) can regulate fruit ripening, however, their interaction in the regulation of fruit ripening has not yet been fully clarified. The present study found that the expression of the papaya calcium sensor CpCML15 was strongly linked to fruit ripening. CpCML15 could bind Ca2+ and served as a true calcium sensor. CpCML15 interacted with CpPP2C46 and CpPP2C65, the candidate components of the ABA signalling pathways. CpPP2C46/65 expression was also related to fruit ripening and regulated by ethylene. CpCML15 was located in the nucleus and CpPP2C46/65 were located in both the nucleus and membrane. The interaction between CpCML15 and CpPP2C46/65 was calcium dependent and further repressed the activity of CpPP2C46/65 in vitro. The transient overexpression of CpCML15 and CpPP2C46/65 in papaya promoted fruit ripening and gene expression related to ripening. The reduced expression of CpCML15 and CpPP2C46/65 by virus-induced gene silencing delayed fruit colouring and softening and repressed the expression of genes related to ethylene signalling and softening. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of CpCML15 in tomato fruit also promoted fruit softening and ripening by increasing ethylene production and enhancing gene expression related to ripening. Additionally, CpPP2C46 interacted with CpABI5, and CpPP2C65 interacted with CpERF003-like, two transcriptional factors in ABA and ethylene signalling pathways that are closely related to fruit ripening. Taken together, our results showed that CpCML15 and CpPP2Cs positively regulated fruit ripening, and their interaction integrated the cross-talk of calcium, ABA and ethylene signals in fruit ripening through the CpCML15-CpPP2Cs-CpABI5/CpERF003-like pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiunan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qinqin Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiyang Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Senlin Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weixin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jean‐Philippe Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences VégétalesUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Xueping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Rodrigues M, Ordoñez-Trejo EJ, Rasori A, Varotto S, Ruperti B, Bonghi C. Dissecting postharvest chilling injuries in pome and stone fruit through integrated omics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1272986. [PMID: 38235207 PMCID: PMC10791837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lowering the storage temperature is an effective method to extend the postharvest and shelf life of fruits. Nevertheless, this technique often leads to physiological disorders, commonly known as chilling injuries. Apples and pears are susceptible to chilling injuries, among which superficial scald is the most economically relevant. Superficial scald is due to necrotic lesions of the first layers of hypodermis manifested through skin browning. In peaches and nectarines, chilling injuries are characterized by internal symptoms, such as mealiness. Fruits with these aesthetic or compositional/structural defects are not suitable for fresh consumption. Genetic variation is a key factor in determining fruit susceptibility to chilling injuries; however, physiological, or technical aspects such as harvest maturity and storage conditions also play a role. Multi-omics approaches have been used to provide an integrated explanation of chilling injury development. Metabolomics in pome fruits specifically targets the identification of ethylene, phenols, lipids, and oxidation products. Genomics and transcriptomics have revealed interesting connections with metabolomic datasets, pinpointing specific genes linked to cold stress, wax synthesis, farnesene metabolism, and the metabolic pathways of ascorbate and glutathione. When applied to Prunus species, these cutting-edge approaches have uncovered that the development of mealiness symptoms is linked to ethylene signaling, cell wall synthesis, lipid metabolism, cold stress genes, and increased DNA methylation levels. Emphasizing the findings from multi-omics studies, this review reports how the integration of omics datasets can provide new insights into understanding of chilling injury development. This new information is essential for successfully creating more resilient fruit varieties and developing novel postharvest strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Fu N, Wang L, Han X, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Tong Z, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Calmodulin and Calmodulin-like Genes, Revealing CaM3 and CML13 Participating in Drought Stress in Phoebe bournei. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:545. [PMID: 38203715 PMCID: PMC10778748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins are major Ca2+ sensors involved in the regulation of plant development and stress responses by converting Ca2+ signals into appropriate cellular responses. However, characterization and expression analyses of CaM/CML genes in the precious species, Phoebe bournei, remain limited. In this study, five PbCaM and sixty PbCML genes were identified that only had EF-hand motifs with no other functional domains. The phylogenetic tree was clustered into 11 subgroups, including a unique clade of PbCaMs. The PbCaMs were intron-rich with four EF-hand motifs, whereas PbCMLs had two to four EF-hands and were mostly intronless. PbCaMs/CMLs were unevenly distributed across the 12 chromosomes of P. bournei and underwent purifying selection. Fragment duplication was the main driving force for the evolution of the PbCaM/CML gene family. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that PbCaMs/CMLs might be related to hormones, growth and development, and stress response. Expression analysis showed that PbCaMs were generally highly expressed in five different tissues and under drought stress, whereas PbCMLs showed specific expression patterns. The expression levels of 11 candidate PbCaMs/CMLs were responsive to ABA and MeJA, suggesting that these genes might act through multiple signaling pathways. The overexpression of PbCaM3/CML13 genes significantly increased the tolerance of yeast cells to drought stress. The identification and characterization of the CaM/CML gene family in P. bournei laid the foundation for future functional studies of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zaikang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry & Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China; (N.F.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Junhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry & Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China; (N.F.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.)
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Zaman S, Hassan SSU, Ding Z. The Role of Calmodulin Binding Transcription Activator in Plants under Different Stressors: Physiological, Biochemical, Molecular Mechanisms of Camellia sinensis and Its Current Progress of CAMTAs. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120759. [PMID: 36550965 PMCID: PMC9774361 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low temperatures have a negative effect on plant development. Plants that are exposed to cold temperatures undergo a cascade of physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that activate several genes, transcription factors, and regulatory pathways. In this review, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of Camellia sinensis have been discussed. Calmodulin binding transcription activator (CAMTAs) by molecular means including transcription is one of the novel genes for plants' adaptation to different abiotic stresses, including low temperatures. Therefore, the role of CAMTAs in different plants has been discussed. The number of CAMTAs genes discussed here are playing a significant role in plants' adaptation to abiotic stress. The illustrated diagrams representing the mode of action of calcium (Ca2+) with CAMTAs have also been discussed. In short, Ca2+ channels or Ca2+ pumps trigger and induce the Ca2+ signatures in plant cells during abiotic stressors, including low temperatures. Ca2+ signatures act with CAMTAs in plant cells and are ultimately decoded by Ca2+sensors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review reporting CAMAT's current progress and potential role in C. sinensis, and this study opens a new road for researchers adapting tea plants to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Zaman
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence:
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Wang J, Zou A, Xiang S, Liu C, Peng H, Wen Y, Ma X, Chen H, Ran M, Sun X. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of zinc ion-mediated plant resistance to TMV in Nicotiana benthamiana. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105100. [PMID: 35715039 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc ions (Zn2+) are used to promote plant growth and treat multiple diseases. However, it is still unclear which pathways in plants respond to Zn2+. In this study, we found that supplying (CH3COO)2Zn can effectively delay tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) replication and movement in Nicotiana benthamiana. To further understand the regulatory mechanism of antiviral activity mediated by Zn2+, we examined the transcriptomic changes of leaves treated with Zn2+. Three days after treatment, 7575 differential expression genes (DEGs) were enriched in the Zn2+ treatment group compared with the control group. Through GO and KEGG analysis, the pathway of phosphatidylinositol signaling system and inositol phosphate metabolism were significantly enriched after treated with Zn2+, and a large number of ethylene-responsive transcription factors (ERFs) involved in inositol phosphate metabolism were found to be enriched. We identified ERF5 performed a positive effect on plant immunity. Our findings demonstrated that Zn2+-mediated resistance in N. benthamiana activated signal transduction and regulated the expression of resistance-related genes. The results of the study uncover a global view of mRNA changes in Zn2+-mediated cellular processes involved in the competition between plants and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Aihong Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shunyu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changyun Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haoran Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yuxia Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Chongqing Tobacco Science Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mao Ran
- Chongqing Tobacco Science Research Institute, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Iqbal Z, Memon AG, Ahmad A, Iqbal MS. Calcium Mediated Cold Acclimation in Plants: Underlying Signaling and Molecular Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:855559. [PMID: 35574126 PMCID: PMC9094111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.855559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of plants to low temperatures adversely affects plant growth, development, and productivity. Plant response to cold stress is an intricate process that involves the orchestration of various physiological, signaling, biochemical, and molecular pathways. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a crucial role in the acquisition of several stress responses, including cold. Upon perception of cold stress, Ca2+ channels and/or Ca2+ pumps are activated, which induces the Ca2+ signatures in plant cells. The Ca2+ signatures spatially and temporally act inside a plant cell and are eventually decoded by specific Ca2+ sensors. This series of events results in the molecular regulation of several transcription factors (TFs), leading to downstream gene expression and withdrawal of an appropriate response by the plant. In this context, calmodulin binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) constitute a group of TFs that regulate plant cold stress responses in a Ca2+ dependent manner. The present review provides a catalog of the recent progress made in comprehending the Ca2+ mediated cold acclimation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Iqbal
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anjuman Gul Memon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ausaf Ahmad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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Xiao L, Liang H, Jiang G, Ding X, Liu X, Sun J, Jiang Y, Song L, Duan X. Proteome-wide identification of non-histone lysine methylation in tomato during fruit ripening. J Adv Res 2022; 42:177-188. [PMID: 36513412 PMCID: PMC9788949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histone and non-histone methylations are important post-translational modifications in plants. Histone methylation plays a crucial role in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. However, the involvement of non-histone methylation in plant biological processes remains largely unknown. METHODS The methylated substrates and methylation sites during tomato fruit ripening were identified by LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatics of lysine methylated proteins was conducted to analyze the possible role of methylated proteins. The effects of methylation modification on protein functions were preliminarily investigated by site-directed mutation simulation. RESULTS A total of 241 lysine methylation (mono-, di- and trimethylation) sites in 176 proteins were identified with two conserved methylation motifs: xxxxxxExxx_K_xxxExxxxxx and xxxxxxExxx_K_xxxxxxxxxx. These methylated proteins were mainly related to fruit ripening and senescence, oxidation reduction process, signal transduction, stimulus and stress responses, and energy metabolism. Three representative proteins, thioredoxin (Trx), glutathione S-transferase T1 (GST T1), and NADH dehydrogenase (NOX), were selected to investigate the effect of methylation modifications on protein activity. Mimicking demethylation led to decreased Trx activity but increased GST T1 and NOX activities. In addition, RT-qPCR exhibited that the expression of many genes that encode proteins subjected to methylation was upregulated during fruit ripening. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that tomato fruit ripening undergo non-histone lysine methylation, which may participate in the regulation of fruit ripening. It is the first report of methyl proteome profiling of non-histone lysine in horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China,Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hanzhi Liang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoxiang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaochun Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China,Corresponding authors at: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (X. Duan).
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China,Corresponding authors at: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (X. Duan).
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Cai K, Kuang L, Yue W, Xie S, Xia X, Zhang G, Wang J. Calmodulin and calmodulin-like gene family in barley: Identification, characterization and expression analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964888. [PMID: 36061813 PMCID: PMC9439640 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins are Ca2+ relays and play diverse and multiple roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. However, CaM/CML gene family has not been identified in barley (Hordeum vulgare). In the present study, 5 HvCaMs and 80 HvCMLs were identified through a genome-wide analysis. All HvCaM proteins possessed 4 EF-hand motifs, whereas HvCMLs contained 1 to 4 EF-hand motifs. HvCaM2, HvCaM3 and HvCaM5 coded the same polypeptide although they differed in nucleotide sequence, which was identical to the polypeptides coded by OsCaM1-1, OsCaM1-2 and OsCaM1-3. HvCaMs/CMLs were unevenly distributed over barley 7 chromosomes, and could be phylogenetically classified into 8 groups. HvCaMs/CMLs differed in gene structure, cis-acting elements and tissue expression patterns. Segmental and tandem duplication were observed among HvCaMs/CMLs during evolution. HvCML16, HvCML18, HvCML50 and HvCML78 were dispensable genes and the others were core genes in barley pan-genome. In addition, 14 HvCaM/CML genes were selected to examine their responses to salt, osmotic and low potassium stresses by qRT-PCR, and their expression were stress-and time-dependent. These results facilitate our understanding and further functional identification of HvCaMs/CMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- National Barley Improvement Centre, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuhui Kuang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- National Barley Improvement Centre, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanggeng Xie
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- National Barley Improvement Centre, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junmei Wang,
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Transcriptomics Reveals the ERF2- bHLH2- CML5 Module Responses to H 2S and ROS in Postharvest Calcium Deficiency Apples. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313013. [PMID: 34884817 PMCID: PMC8657956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium deficiency usually causes accelerated quality deterioration in postharvest fruit, whereas the underlining mechanism is still unclear. Here, we report that calcium deficiency induced the development of bitter pit on the surface of apple peels compared with the healthy appearance in control apples during postharvest storage. Physiological analysis indicates that calcium-deficient peels contained higher levels of superoxide anion (O2•−), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenol, flavonoid contents and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and reduced calcium, H2S production, anthocyanin, soluble protein content, and peroxidase (POD) activity compared with those in calcium-sufficient peels. The principal component analysis (PCA) results show that calcium content, ROS, and H2S production were the main factors between calcium-deficient and calcium-sufficient apple peels. Transcriptome data indicated that four calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), seven AP2/ERFs, and three bHLHs transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in calcium-deficient apple peels. RT-qPCR and correlation analyses further revealed that CML5 expression was significantly positively correlated with the expression of ERF2/17, bHLH2, and H2S production related genes. In addition, transcriptional co-activation of CML5 by ERF2 and bHLH2 was demonstrated by apple transient expression assays and dual-luciferase reporter system experiments. Therefore, these findings provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of postharvest quality decline in calcium-deficient apples and the potential interaction between Ca2+ and endogenous H2S.
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Chen P, Yang J, Mei Q, Liu H, Cheng Y, Ma F, Mao K. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Apple CBL Family Reveals That Mdcbl10.1 Functions Positively in Modulating Apple Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212430. [PMID: 34830311 PMCID: PMC8624107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are increasingly harmful to crop yield and quality. Calcium and its signaling pathway play an important role in modulating plant stress tolerance. As specific Ca2+ sensors, calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins play vital roles in plant stress response and calcium signaling. The CBL family has been identified in many plant species; however, the characterization of the CBL family and the functional study of apple MdCBL proteins in salt response have yet to be conducted in apple. In this study, 11 MdCBL genes were identified from the apple genome. The coding sequences of these MdCBL genes were cloned, and the gene structure and conserved motifs were analyzed in detail. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that these MdCBL proteins could be divided into four groups. The functional identification in Na+-sensitive yeast mutant showed that the overexpression of seven MdCBL genes could confer enhanced salt stress resistance in transgenic yeast. The function of MdCBL10.1 in regulating salt tolerance was also verified in cisgenic apple calli and apple plants. These results provided valuable insights for future research examining the function and mechanism of CBL proteins in regulating apple salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ke Mao
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (K.M.)
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11
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Zheng S, Su M, Wang L, Zhang T, Wang J, Xie H, Wu X, Haq SIU, Qiu QS. Small signaling molecules in plant response to cold stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153534. [PMID: 34601338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the harsh environmental stresses that adversely affect plant growth and crop yields in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, plants have evolved mechanisms to overcome the impact of cold stress. Progress has been made in understanding how plants perceive and transduce low-temperature signals to tolerate cold stress. Small signaling molecules are crucial for cellular signal transduction by initiating the downstream signaling cascade that helps plants to respond to cold stress. These small signaling molecules include calcium, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, phosphatidic acid, and sphingolipids. The small signaling molecules are involved in many aspects of cellular and physiological functions, such as inducing gene expression and activating hormone signaling, resulting in upregulation of the antioxidant enzyme activities, osmoprotectant accumulation, malondialdehyde reduction, and photosynthesis improvement. We summarize our current understanding of the roles of the small signaling molecules in cold stress in plants, and highlight their crosstalk in cold signaling transduction. These discoveries help us understand how the plateau plants adapt to the severe alpine environment as well as to develop new crops tolerating cold stress in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Min Su
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tengguo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Huichun Xie
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Xuexia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Syed Inzimam Ul Haq
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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12
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Ding H, Qian Y, Fang Y, Ji Y, Sheng J, Ge C. Characteristics of SlCML39, a Tomato Calmodulin-like Gene, and Its Negative Role in High Temperature Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana during Germination and Seedling Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111479. [PMID: 34768907 PMCID: PMC8584099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins are primary calcium sensors and function in plant growth and response to stress stimuli. However, so far, the function of plant CML proteins, including tomato, is still unclear. Previously, it was found that a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) CML, here named SlCML39, was significantly induced by high temperature (HT) at transcription level, but its biological function is scarce. In this study, the characteristics of SlCML39 and its role in HT tolerance were studied. SlCML39 encodes a protein of 201 amino acids containing four EF hand motifs. Many cis-acting elements related to plant stress and hormone response appear in the promoter regions of SlCML39. SlCML39 is mainly expressed in the root, stem, and leaf and can be regulated by HT, cold, drought, and salt stresses as well as ABA and H2O2. Furthermore, heterologous overexpression of SlCML39 reduces HT tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana at the germination and seedling growth stages. To better understand the molecular mechanism of SlCML39, the downstream gene network regulated by SlCML39 under HT was analyzed by RNA-Seq. Interestingly, we found that many genes involved in stress responses as well as ABA signal pathway are down-regulated in the transgenic seedlings under HT stress, such as KIN1, RD29B, RD26, and MAP3K18. Collectively, these data indicate that SlCML39 acts as an important negative regulator in response to HT stress, which might be mediated by the ABA signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.); (Y.J.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (C.G.); Tel./Fax: +86-514-8797-9204
| | - Ying Qian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.); (Y.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Yifang Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.); (Y.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Yurong Ji
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.); (Y.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiarong Sheng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.); (Y.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Cailin Ge
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.); (Y.J.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (C.G.); Tel./Fax: +86-514-8797-9204
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13
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Qiu QS, Qi Z. Calcium-binding proteins are never lack of stories in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153372. [PMID: 33540189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China.
| | - Zhi Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010071, China.
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