1
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Xia W, Veeragandham P, Cao Y, Xu Y, Rhyne TE, Qian J, Hung CW, Zhao P, Jones Y, Gao H, Liddle C, Yu RT, Downes M, Evans RM, Rydén M, Wabitsch M, Wang Z, Hakozaki H, Schöneberg J, Reilly SM, Huang J, Saltiel AR. Obesity causes mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in white adipocytes due to RalA activation. Nat Metab 2024; 6:273-289. [PMID: 38286821 PMCID: PMC10896723 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a characteristic trait of human and rodent obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver disease. Here we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding causes mitochondrial fragmentation in inguinal white adipocytes from male mice, leading to reduced oxidative capacity by a process dependent on the small GTPase RalA. RalA expression and activity are increased in white adipocytes after HFD. Targeted deletion of RalA in white adipocytes prevents fragmentation of mitochondria and diminishes HFD-induced weight gain by increasing fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, RalA increases fission in adipocytes by reversing the inhibitory Ser637 phosphorylation of the fission protein Drp1, leading to more mitochondrial fragmentation. Adipose tissue expression of the human homolog of Drp1, DNM1L, is positively correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. Thus, chronic activation of RalA plays a key role in repressing energy expenditure in obese adipose tissue by shifting the balance of mitochondrial dynamics toward excessive fission, contributing to weight gain and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Xia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Preethi Veeragandham
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yu Cao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yayun Xu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Torrey E Rhyne
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiaxin Qian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chao-Wei Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ying Jones
- Electron Microscopy Core, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute (C2-94), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Hakozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Schöneberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shannon M Reilly
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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2
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Sabaratnam R, Hansen DR, Svenningsen P. White adipose tissue mitochondrial bioenergetics in metabolic diseases. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:1121-1133. [PMID: 37558853 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is an important endocrine organ that regulates systemic energy metabolism. In metabolically unhealthy obesity, adipocytes become dysfunctional through hypertrophic mechanisms associated with a reduced endocrine function, reduced mitochondrial function, but increased inflammation, fibrosis, and extracellular remodelling. A pathologic WAT remodelling promotes systemic lipotoxicity characterized by fat accumulation in tissues such as muscle and liver, leading to systemic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Several lines of evidence from human and animal studies suggest a link between unhealthy obesity and adipocyte mitochondrial dysfunction, and interventions that improve mitochondrial function may reduce the risk of obesity-associated diseases. This review discusses the importance of mitochondrial function and metabolism in human adipocyte biology and intercellular communication mechanisms within WAT. Moreover, a selected interventional approach for better adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism in humans is reviewed. A greater understanding of mitochondrial bioenergetics in WAT might provide novel therapeutic opportunities to prevent or restore dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 21,3, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark.
| | - Didde Riisager Hansen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 21,3, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 21,3, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark.
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3
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Guerrier L, Malpuech-Brugère C, Richard R, Touron J. Mitochondrial Function in Healthy Human White Adipose Tissue: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4430. [PMID: 37892505 PMCID: PMC10609723 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As ¾ of the global population either have excess or insufficient fat, it has become increasingly critical to understand the functions and dysfunctions of adipose tissue (AT). AT serves as a key organ in energy metabolism, and recently, attention has been focused on white AT, particularly its mitochondria, as the literature evidence links their functions to adiposity. This narrative review provides an overview of mitochondrial functionality in human white AT. Firstly, it is noteworthy that the two primary AT depots, subcutaneous AT (scAT) and visceral AT (vAT), exhibit differences in mitochondrial density and activity. Notably, vAT tends to have a higher mitochondrial activity compared to scAT. Subsequently, studies have unveiled a negative correlation between mitochondrial activity and body mass index (BMI), indicating that obesity is associated with a lower mitochondrial function. While the impact of exercise on AT mitochondria remains uncertain, dietary interventions have demonstrated varying effects on AT mitochondria. This variability holds promise for the modulation of AT mitochondrial activity. In summary, AT mitochondria exert a significant influence on health outcomes and can be influenced by factors such as obesity and dietary interventions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these responses can offer potential insights into managing conditions related to AT and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Guerrier
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.M.-B.); (R.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.M.-B.); (R.R.); (J.T.)
- CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ruddy Richard
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.M.-B.); (R.R.); (J.T.)
- CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julianne Touron
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.M.-B.); (R.R.); (J.T.)
- CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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4
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Song H, Zhang X, Wang J, Wu Y, Xiong T, Shen J, Lin R, Xiao T, Lin W. The regulatory role of adipocyte mitochondrial homeostasis in metabolism-related diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1261204. [PMID: 37920803 PMCID: PMC10619862 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1261204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the most important energy storage organ in the body, maintaining its normal energy metabolism function and playing a vital role in keeping the energy balance of the body to avoid the harm caused by obesity and a series of related diseases resulting from abnormal energy metabolism. The dysfunction of adipose tissue is closely related to the occurrence of diseases related to obesity metabolism. Among various organelles, mitochondria are the main site of energy metabolism, and mitochondria maintain their quality through autophagy, biogenesis, transfer, and dynamics, which play an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of adipocytes. On the other hand, mitochondria have mitochondrial genomes which are vulnerable to damage due to the lack of protective structures and their proximity to sites of reactive oxygen species generation, thus affecting mitochondrial function. Notably, mitochondria are closely related to other organelles in adipocytes, such as lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum, which enhances the function of mitochondria and other organelles and regulates energy metabolism processes, thus reducing the occurrence of obesity-related diseases. This article introduces the structure and quality control of mitochondria in adipocytes and their interactions with other organelles in adipocytes, aiming to provide a new perspective on the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases, and to provide theoretical reference for further revealing the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Song
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Taimin Xiong
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jieqiong Shen
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruiyi Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tianfang Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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5
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Chen L, Zhou M, Li H, Liu D, Liao P, Zong Y, Zhang C, Zou W, Gao J. Mitochondrial heterogeneity in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:311. [PMID: 37607925 PMCID: PMC10444818 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As key organelles involved in cellular metabolism, mitochondria frequently undergo adaptive changes in morphology, components and functions in response to various environmental stresses and cellular demands. Previous studies of mitochondria research have gradually evolved, from focusing on morphological change analysis to systematic multiomics, thereby revealing the mitochondrial variation between cells or within the mitochondrial population within a single cell. The phenomenon of mitochondrial variation features is defined as mitochondrial heterogeneity. Moreover, mitochondrial heterogeneity has been reported to influence a variety of physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, immunoregulation, and tumor progression. Here, we comprehensively review the mitochondrial heterogeneity in different tissues under pathological states, involving variant features of mitochondrial DNA, RNA, protein and lipid components. Then, the mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial heterogeneity are also summarized, such as the mutation of the mitochondrial genome and the import of mitochondrial proteins that result in the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA and protein components. Additionally, multiple perspectives are investigated to better comprehend the mysteries of mitochondrial heterogeneity between cells. Finally, we summarize the prospective mitochondrial heterogeneity-targeting therapies in terms of alleviating mitochondrial oxidative damage, reducing mitochondrial carbon stress and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis to relieve various pathological conditions. The possibility of recent technological advances in targeted mitochondrial gene editing is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengnan Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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6
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Xia W, Veeragandham P, Cao Y, Xu Y, Rhyne T, Qian J, Hung CW, Zhao P, Jones Y, Gao H, Liddle C, Yu R, Downes M, Evans R, Ryden M, Wabitsch M, Reilly S, Huang J, Saltiel A. Obesity-dependent increase in RalA activity disrupts mitochondrial dynamics in white adipocytes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2923510. [PMID: 37398165 PMCID: PMC10312969 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2923510/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a characteristic trait of human and rodent obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease. Here we report that mitochondria undergo fragmentation and reduced oxidative capacity specifically in inguinal white adipose tissue after feeding mice high fat diet (HFD) by a process dependent on the small GTPase RalA. RalA expression and activity are increased in white adipocytes from mice fed HFD. Targeted deletion of Rala in white adipocytes prevents the obesity-induced fragmentation of mitochondria and produces mice resistant to HFD-induced weight gain via increased fatty acid oxidation. As a result, these mice also exhibit improved glucose tolerance and liver function. In vitro mechanistic studies revealed that RalA suppresses mitochondrial oxidative function in adipocytes by increasing fission through reversing the protein kinase A-catalyzed inhibitory Ser637phosphorylation of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1. Active RalA recruits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Aa) to specifically dephosphorylate this inhibitory site on Drp1, activating the protein, thus increasing mitochondrial fission. Adipose tissue expression of the human homolog of Drp1, DNML1, is positively correlated with obesity and insulin resistance in patients. Thus, chronic activation of RalA plays a key role in repressing energy expenditure in obese adipose tissue by shifting the balance of mitochondrial dynamics towards excessive fission, contributing to weight gain and related metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Cao
- University of California San Diego
| | - Yayun Xu
- University of California San Diego
| | | | | | | | - Peng Zhao
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
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7
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Ramlugon S, Levendal R, Frost CL. Effect of oral cannabis administration on the fat depots of obese and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1806-1822. [PMID: 36437580 PMCID: PMC10947483 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and insulin-resistance is on the rise, globally. Cannabis have been shown to have anti-diabetic/obesity properties, however, the effect mediated at various fat depots remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to (1) investigate the anti-diabetic property of an oral cannabis administration in an obese and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model and (2) to determine and compare the effect mediated at the peritoneal and intramuscular fat level. Cannabis concentration of 1.25 mg/kg body weight (relative to THC content) was effective in reversing insulin-resistance in the rat model, unlike the other higher cannabinoid concentrations. At the peritoneal fat level, gene expression of fat beigeing markers, namely Cidea and UCP1, were significantly increased compared to the untreated control. At the intramuscular fat level, on the other hand, CE1.25 treatment did not promote fat beigeing but instead significantly increased mitochondrial activity, relative to the untreated control. Therefore, these findings indicate that the mechanism of action of oral cannabis administration, where glucose and lipid homeostasis is restored, is not only dependent on the dosage but also on the type of fat depot investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonaal Ramlugon
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyNelson Mandela UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
| | - Ruby‐Ann Levendal
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyNelson Mandela UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
| | - Carminita L. Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyNelson Mandela UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
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8
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Nan X, Yang L, Cui Y. Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Proteins. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 544:117337. [PMID: 37044163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein biomarkers are useful for disease diagnosis. Identification thereof using in vitro diagnostics such as lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) has attracted considerable attention due to their low cost and ease of use especially in the point of care setting. Current challenges, however, do remain with respect to material selection for each component in the device and the synergistic integration of these components to display detectable signals. This review explores the principle of LFIA for protein biomarkers, device components including biomaterials and labeling methods. Medical applications and commercial status are examined as well. This review highlights critical methodologies in the development of new LFIAs and their role in advancing healthcare worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxu Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University; First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University; First Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China.
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9
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Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer, and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport, and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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10
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Miao Z, Alvarez M, Ko A, Bhagat Y, Rahmani E, Jew B, Heinonen S, Muñoz-Hernandez LL, Herrera-Hernandez M, Aguilar-Salinas C, Tusie-Luna T, Mohlke KL, Laakso M, Pietiläinen KH, Halperin E, Pajukanta P. The causal effect of obesity on prediabetes and insulin resistance reveals the important role of adipose tissue in insulin resistance. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009018. [PMID: 32925908 PMCID: PMC7515203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reverse causality has made it difficult to establish the causal directions between obesity and prediabetes and obesity and insulin resistance. To disentangle whether obesity causally drives prediabetes and insulin resistance already in non-diabetic individuals, we utilized the UK Biobank and METSIM cohort to perform a Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses in the non-diabetic individuals. Our results suggest that both prediabetes and systemic insulin resistance are caused by obesity (p = 1.2×10-3 and p = 3.1×10-24). As obesity reflects the amount of body fat, we next studied how adipose tissue affects insulin resistance. We performed both bulk RNA-sequencing and single nucleus RNA sequencing on frozen human subcutaneous adipose biopsies to assess adipose cell-type heterogeneity and mitochondrial (MT) gene expression in insulin resistance. We discovered that the adipose MT gene expression and body fat percent are both independently associated with insulin resistance (p≤0.05 for each) when adjusting for the decomposed adipose cell-type proportions. Next, we showed that these 3 factors, adipose MT gene expression, body fat percent, and adipose cell types, explain a substantial amount (44.39%) of variance in insulin resistance and can be used to predict it (p≤2.64×10-5 in 3 independent human cohorts). In summary, we demonstrated that obesity is a strong determinant of both prediabetes and insulin resistance, and discovered that individuals' adipose cell-type composition, adipose MT gene expression, and body fat percent predict their insulin resistance, emphasizing the critical role of adipose tissue in systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Miao
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Arthur Ko
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yash Bhagat
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elior Rahmani
- Computer Science Department in the School of Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brandon Jew
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Computer Science Department in the School of Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Liliana Muñoz-Hernandez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Miguel Herrera-Hernandez
- Departamento de Cirugía, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Teresa Tusie-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Obesity Center, Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eran Halperin
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Computer Science Department in the School of Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Skuratovskaia D, Komar A, Vulf M, Litvinova L. Mitochondrial destiny in type 2 diabetes: the effects of oxidative stress on the dynamics and biogenesis of mitochondria. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9741. [PMID: 32904391 PMCID: PMC7453922 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One reason for the development of insulin resistance is the chronic inflammation in obesity. Materials & Methods Scientific articles in the field of knowledge on the involvement of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in obesity and type 2 diabetes were analyzed. Results Oxidative stress developed during obesity contributes to the formation of peroxynitrite, which causes cytochrome C-related damage in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Oxidative stress contributes to the nuclease activity of the mitochondrial matrix, which leads to the accumulation of cleaved fragments and an increase in heteroplasmy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA variations during insulin resistance may be connected with a change in ATP levels, generation of ROS, mitochondrial division/fusion and mitophagy. This review discusses the main role of mitochondria in the development of insulin resistance, which leads to pathological processes in insulin-dependent tissues, and considers potential therapeutic directions based on the modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. In this regard, the development of drugs aimed at the regulation of these processes is gaining attention. Conclusion Changes in the mtDNA copy number can help to protect mitochondria from severe damage during conditions of increased oxidative stress. Mitochondrial proteome studies are conducted to search for potential therapeutic targets. The use of mitochondrial peptides encoded by mtDNA also represents a promising new approach to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Komar
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Vulf
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
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12
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Schöttl T, Pachl F, Giesbertz P, Daniel H, Kuster B, Fromme T, Klingenspor M. Proteomic and Metabolite Profiling Reveals Profound Structural and Metabolic Reorganization of Adipocyte Mitochondria in Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:590-600. [PMID: 32034895 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have revealed decreased mitochondrial respiration in adipocytes of obese mice. This study aimed to identify the molecular underpinnings of altered mitochondrial metabolism in adipocytes. METHODS Untargeted proteomics of mitochondria isolated from adipocytes and metabolite profiling of adipose tissues were conducted in diet-induced obese (DIO) and lean mice. Subcutaneous and intra-abdominal adipose tissues were studied to depict depot-specific alterations. RESULTS In subcutaneous adipocytes of DIO mice, changes in proteins related to mitochondrial structure and function were observed. Mitochondrial proteins of the inner and outer membrane were strongly reduced, whereas proteins of key matrix metabolic pathways were increased in the obese versus lean state, as further substantiated by metabolite profiling. A pronounced decrease in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzymatic equipment and cristae density of the inner membrane was identified. In intra-abdominal adipocytes, similar systematic downregulation of the OXPHOS machinery in obesity occurred, but there was no regulation of outer membrane or matrix proteins. CONCLUSIONS Protein components of the OXPHOS machinery are systematically downregulated in adipose tissues of DIO mice compared with lean mice. Loss of the mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity in adipocytes may aggravate the development of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Schöttl
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ-Else Kröner Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical Universtiy of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Fiona Pachl
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Pieter Giesbertz
- Chair of Nutritional Physiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Chair of Nutritional Physiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ-Else Kröner Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical Universtiy of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ-Else Kröner Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical Universtiy of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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13
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Heinonen S, Jokinen R, Rissanen A, Pietiläinen KH. White adipose tissue mitochondrial metabolism in health and in obesity. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12958. [PMID: 31777187 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue is one of the largest organs of the body. It plays a key role in whole-body energy status and metabolism; it not only stores excess energy but also secretes various hormones and metabolites to regulate body energy balance. Healthy adipose tissue capable of expanding is needed for metabolic well-being and to prevent accumulation of triglycerides to other organs. Mitochondria govern several important functions in the adipose tissue. We review the derangements of mitochondrial function in white adipose tissue in the obese state. Downregulation of mitochondrial function or biogenesis in the white adipose tissue is a central driver for obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Mitochondrial functions compromised in obesity include oxidative functions and renewal and enlargement of the adipose tissue through recruitment and differentiation of adipocyte progenitor cells. These changes adversely affect whole-body metabolic health. Dysfunction of the white adipose tissue mitochondria in obesity has long-term consequences for the metabolism of adipose tissue and the whole body. Understanding the pathways behind mitochondrial dysfunction may help reveal targets for pharmacological or nutritional interventions that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis or function in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Jokinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Lempesis IG, Meijel RLJ, Manolopoulos KN, Goossens GH. Oxygenation of adipose tissue: A human perspective. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13298. [PMID: 31077538 PMCID: PMC6916558 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disorder of excessive adiposity, and is associated with adverse health effects such as cardiometabolic complications, which are to a large extent attributable to dysfunctional white adipose tissue. Adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, impaired adipokine secretion, a chronic low‐grade inflammatory status, hormonal resistance and altered metabolic responses, together contributing to insulin resistance and related chronic diseases. Adipose tissue hypoxia, defined as a relative oxygen deficit, in obesity has been proposed as a potential contributor to adipose tissue dysfunction, but studies in humans have yielded conflicting results. Here, we will review the role of adipose tissue oxygenation in the pathophysiology of obesity‐related complications, with a specific focus on human studies. We will provide an overview of the determinants of adipose tissue oxygenation, as well as the role of adipose tissue oxygenation in glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Finally, we will discuss the putative effects of physiological and experimental hypoxia on adipose tissue biology and whole‐body metabolism in humans. We conclude that several lines of evidence suggest that alteration of adipose tissue oxygenation may impact metabolic homeostasis, thereby providing a novel strategy to combat chronic metabolic diseases in obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G. Lempesis
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Birmingham Health Partners Birmingham UK
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Rens L. J. Meijel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos N. Manolopoulos
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Birmingham Health Partners Birmingham UK
| | - Gijs H. Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
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15
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Vogel MAA, Wang P, Bouwman FG, Hoebers N, Blaak EE, Renes J, Mariman EC, Goossens GH. A comparison between the abdominal and femoral adipose tissue proteome of overweight and obese women. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4202. [PMID: 30862933 PMCID: PMC6414508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fat distribution is an important determinant of cardiometabolic health. Lower-body adipose tissue (AT) has protective characteristics as compared to upper-body fat, but the underlying depot-differences remain to be elucidated. Here, we compared the proteome and morphology of abdominal and femoral AT. Paired biopsies from abdominal and femoral subcutaneous AT were taken from eight overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) women with impaired glucose metabolism after an overnight fast. Proteins were isolated and quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and protein expression in abdominal and femoral subcutaneous AT was compared. Moreover, correlations between fat cell size and the proteome of both AT depots were determined. In total, 651 proteins were identified, of which 22 proteins tended to be differentially expressed between abdominal and femoral AT after removal of blood protein signals (p < 0.05). Proteins involved in cell structure organization and energy metabolism were differently expressed between AT depots. Fat cell size, which was higher in femoral AT, was significantly correlated with ADH1B, POSTN and LCP1. These findings suggest that there are only slight differences in protein expression between abdominal and femoral subcutaneous AT. It remains to be determined whether these differences, as well as differences in protein activity, contribute to functional and/or morphological differences between these fat depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A A Vogel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P Wang
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F G Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N Hoebers
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Renes
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E C Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Van Laar VS, Otero PA, Hastings TG, Berman SB. Potential Role of Mic60/Mitofilin in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:898. [PMID: 30740041 PMCID: PMC6357844 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no treatments that hinder or halt the inexorable progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). While the etiology of PD remains elusive, evidence suggests that early dysfunction of mitochondrial respiration and homeostasis play a major role in PD pathogenesis. The mitochondrial structural protein Mic60, also known as mitofilin, is critical for maintaining mitochondrial architecture and function. Loss of Mic60 is associated with detrimental effects on mitochondrial homeostasis. Growing evidence now implicates Mic60 in the pathogenesis of PD. In this review, we discuss the data supporting a role of Mic60 and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. We will also consider the potential of Mic60 as a therapeutic target for treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S Van Laar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - P Anthony Otero
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology (CMP) Program, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Teresa G Hastings
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sarah B Berman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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17
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Mitoproteomics: Tackling Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1435934. [PMID: 30533169 PMCID: PMC6250043 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1435934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic and regulated organelles that historically have been defined based on their crucial role in cell metabolism. However, they are implicated in a variety of other important functions, making mitochondrial dysfunction an important axis in several pathological contexts. Despite that conventional biochemical and molecular biology approaches have provided significant insight into mitochondrial functionality, innovative techniques that provide a global view of the mitochondrion are still necessary. Proteomics fulfils this need by enabling accurate, systems-wide quantitative analysis of protein abundance. More importantly, redox proteomics approaches offer unique opportunities to tackle oxidative stress, a phenomenon that is intimately linked to aging, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In addition, cutting-edge proteomics approaches reveal how proteins exert their functions in complex interaction networks where even subtle alterations stemming from early pathological states can be monitored. Here, we describe the proteomics approaches that will help to deepen the role of mitochondria in health and disease by assessing not only changes to mitochondrial protein composition but also alterations to their redox state and how protein interaction networks regulate mitochondrial function and dynamics. This review is aimed at showing the reader how the application of proteomics approaches during the last 20 years has revealed crucial mitochondrial roles in the context of aging, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disease, and cancer.
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18
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Feng Y, Madungwe NB, Bopassa JC. Mitochondrial inner membrane protein, Mic60/mitofilin in mammalian organ protection. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3383-3393. [PMID: 30259514 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The identification of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) in the inner mitochondrial membrane shed light on the intricate components necessary for mitochondria to form their signature cristae in which many protein complexes including the electron transport chain are localized. Mic60/mitofilin has been described as the core component for the assembly and maintenance of MICOS, thus controlling cristae morphology, protein transport, mitochondrial DNA transcription, as well as connecting the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. Although Mic60 homologs are present in many species, mammalian Mic60 is only recently gaining attention as a critical player in several organ systems and diseases with mitochondrial-defect origins. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the ever-expanding role of Mic60 in mammals, and highlight some new studies pushing the field of mitochondrial cristae organization towards potentially new and exciting therapies targeting this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Feng
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ngonidzashe B Madungwe
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jean C Bopassa
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
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19
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Masood A, Benabdelkamel H, Alfadda AA. Obesity Proteomics: An Update on the Strategies and Tools Employed in the Study of Human Obesity. High Throughput 2018; 7:ht7030027. [PMID: 30213114 PMCID: PMC6164994 DOI: 10.3390/ht7030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics has become one of the most important disciplines for characterizing cellular protein composition, building functional linkages between protein molecules, and providing insight into the mechanisms of biological processes in a high-throughput manner. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic advances have made it possible to study human diseases, including obesity, through the identification and biochemical characterization of alterations in proteins that are associated with it and its comorbidities. A sizeable number of proteomic studies have used the combination of large-scale separation techniques, such as high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis or liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry, for high-throughput protein identification. These studies have applied proteomics to comprehensive biochemical profiling and comparison studies while using different tissues and biological fluids from patients to demonstrate the physiological or pathological adaptations within their proteomes. Further investigations into these proteome-wide alterations will enable us to not only understand the disease pathophysiology, but also to determine signature proteins that can serve as biomarkers for obesity and related diseases. This review examines the different proteomic techniques used to study human obesity and discusses its successful applications along with its technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Masood
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Assim A Alfadda
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Tagoma A, Alnek K, Kirss A, Uibo R, Haller-Kikkatalo K. MicroRNA profiling of second trimester maternal plasma shows upregulation of miR-195-5p in patients with gestational diabetes. Gene 2018; 672:137-142. [PMID: 29879500 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance that presents during pregnancy. It increases the risk of developing diabetes later in life. Recent studies indicate the important role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of diabetes, including GDM. However, information on the plasma miRNA profile in GDM patients at the late second trimester, at which time the glucose metabolism disorder manifests, is scarce. This study aimed to determine the plasma miRNA expression profiles of the pregnant women with GDM and compare them to those of pregnant controls using the real-time PCR array method. The study involved 22 single-pregnancy women (mean age ± standard deviation of 29.9 ± 4.5 years old) who underwent a glucose tolerance test between 23 and 31 weeks of gestation. Of them, 13 were diagnosed with GDM. We identified 15 upregulated miRNAs in the GDM patients that were involved in 41 pathways. Among the top 10 associated pathways, fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism were targeted by the most, of the miRNAs investigated, with very low p values (p < 1e-325, false discovery rate corrected). MiR-195-5p, which targeted the highest number of genes important in metabolism, showed the highest fold upregulation. We conclude that increased miRNA expression, especially miR-195-5p, in plasma is characteristic of and causally related to the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Tagoma
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kristi Alnek
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne Kirss
- Women's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, L. Puusepa 8, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raivo Uibo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Haller-Kikkatalo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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21
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James HA, O'Neill BT, Nair KS. Insulin Regulation of Proteostasis and Clinical Implications. Cell Metab 2017; 26:310-323. [PMID: 28712655 PMCID: PMC8020859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance and modification of the cellular proteome are at the core of normal cellular physiology. Although insulin is well known for its control of glucose homeostasis, its critical role in maintaining proteome homeostasis (proteostasis) is less appreciated. Insulin signaling regulates protein synthesis and degradation as well as posttranslational modifications at the tissue level and coordinates proteostasis at the organism level. Here, we review regulation of proteostasis by insulin in postabsorptive, postprandial, and diabetic states. We present the effects of insulin on amino acid flux in skeletal muscle and splanchnic tissues, the regulation of protein quality control, and turnover of mitochondrial protein pools in humans. We also review the current evidence for the mechanistic control of proteostasis by insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors based on preclinical studies. Finally, we discuss irreversible posttranslational modifications of the proteome in diabetes and how future investigations will provide new insights into mechanisms of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh A James
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brian T O'Neill
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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22
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Liu HX, Wang YM, Hu JP, Huang LY, Fang NY. Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by mitochondrial trifunctional protein α-subunit via sirtuin 1. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:271-281. [PMID: 28552586 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein α-subunit (MTPα) is involved in the fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) pathway. Two MTPα activities, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain hydratase, have been linked with the occurrence and development of obesity and obesity-related disorders. These activities catalyze two steps in the FAO pathway (the second and third reactions). However, the role of MTPα in the pathogenesis of obesity has not been evaluated, and the functional role of MTPα in adipocyte differentiation has not been determined. Here, we analyzed the functional role of MTPα using in vitro and in vivo models of adipogenesis. MTPα expression was upregulated during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells into adipocytes. MTPα gene silencing stimulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha(C/EBPα) expression, which promoted adipocyte differentiation. By contrast, MTPα overexpression blocked adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Further analysis showed that MTPα positively regulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Injection of preadipocytes overexpressing MTPα into athymic mice significantly impaired de novo fat pad formation compared with that of the control, and furthermore MTPα knockdown enhances fat pad formation at a time point earlier than 5-week, such as week-2 and week-3, when the control fat pad is not fully developed. In summary, our data indicate that MTPα is a novel factor that negatively regulates adipocyte differentiation. We propose a pathway in which MTPα inhibits adipogenesis by promoting SIRT1 expression, which represses PPARγ and attenuates adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jian-Ping Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li-Ying Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Jokinen R, Pirnes-Karhu S, Pietiläinen KH, Pirinen E. Adipose tissue NAD +-homeostasis, sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases -important players in mitochondrial metabolism and metabolic health. Redox Biol 2017; 12:246-263. [PMID: 28279944 PMCID: PMC5343002 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic state of energy overload, is characterized by adipose tissue dysfunction that is considered to be the major driver for obesity associated metabolic complications. The reasons for adipose tissue dysfunction are incompletely understood, but one potential contributing factor is adipose tissue mitochondrial dysfunction. Derangements of adipose tissue mitochondrial biogenesis and pathways associate with obesity and metabolic diseases. Mitochondria are central organelles in energy metabolism through their role in energy derivation through catabolic oxidative reactions. The mitochondrial processes are dependent on the proper NAD+/NADH redox balance and NAD+ is essential for reactions catalyzed by the key regulators of mitochondrial metabolism, sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Notably, obesity is associated with disturbed adipose tissue NAD+ homeostasis and the balance of SIRT and PARP activities. In this review we aim to summarize existing literature on the maintenance of intracellular NAD+ pools and the function of SIRTs and PARPs in adipose tissue during normal and obese conditions, with the purpose of comprehending their potential role in mitochondrial derangements and obesity associated metabolic complications. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that are the root cause of the adipose tissue mitochondrial derangements is crucial for developing new effective strategies to reverse obesity associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Jokinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Pirnes-Karhu
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Gómez-Serrano M, Camafeita E, López JA, Rubio MA, Bretón I, García-Consuegra I, García-Santos E, Lago J, Sánchez-Pernaute A, Torres A, Vázquez J, Peral B. Differential proteomic and oxidative profiles unveil dysfunctional protein import to adipocyte mitochondria in obesity-associated aging and diabetes. Redox Biol 2016; 11:415-428. [PMID: 28064117 PMCID: PMC5220168 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human age-related diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), have long been associated to mitochondrial dysfunction; however, the role for adipose tissue mitochondria in these conditions remains unknown. We have tackled the impact of aging and T2DM on adipocyte mitochondria from obese patients by quantitating not only the corresponding abundance changes of proteins, but also the redox alterations undergone by Cys residues thereof. For that, we have resorted to a high-throughput proteomic approach based on isobaric labeling, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The alterations undergone by the mitochondrial proteome revealed aging- and T2DM-specific hallmarks. Thus, while a global decrease of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits was found in aging, the diabetic patients exhibited a reduction of specific OXPHOS complexes as well as an up-regulation of the anti-oxidant response. Under both conditions, evidence is shown for the first time of a link between increased thiol protein oxidation and decreased protein abundance in adipose tissue mitochondria. This association was stronger in T2DM, where OXPHOS mitochondrial- vs. nuclear-encoded protein modules were found altered, suggesting impaired mitochondrial protein translocation and complex assembly. The marked down-regulation of OXPHOS oxidized proteins and the alteration of oxidized Cys residues related to protein import through the redox-active MIA (Mitochondrial Intermembrane space Assembly) pathway support that defects in protein translocation to the mitochondria may be an important underlying mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction in T2DM and physiological aging. The present draft of redox targets together with the quantification of protein and oxidative changes may help to better understand the role of oxidative stress in both a physiological process like aging and a pathological condition like T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gómez-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Alberto Sols, (IIBM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Juan A López
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rubio
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IDISSC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Irene Bretón
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid 28007, Spain
| | - Inés García-Consuegra
- Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid 28041, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U723, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Eva García-Santos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Alberto Sols, (IIBM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jesús Lago
- Department of Surgery, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid 28007, Spain
| | - Andrés Sánchez-Pernaute
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IDISSC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Antonio Torres
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IDISSC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Belén Peral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Alberto Sols, (IIBM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain.
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25
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Soto D, Gomez-Serrano M, Pieralisi A, Calvo JC, Peral B, Guerra LN. N-acetylcysteine inhibits kinase phosphorylation during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Redox Rep 2016; 22:265-271. [PMID: 27670786 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1223267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reports investigating the effects of antioxidants on obesity have provided contradictory results. We have previously demonstrated that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits cellular triglyceride (Tg) accumulation as well as total cellular monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expression in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes (Calzadilla et al., Redox Rep. 2013;210-218). Here we analyzed the role of NAC on adipogenic differentiation pathway. METHODS Assays were conducted using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (undifferentiated cells: CC), which are capable of differentiating into mature adipocytes (differentiated cells: DC). We studied the effects of different doses of NAC (0.01 or 1 mM) on DC, to evaluate cellular expression of phospho-JNK½ (pJNK½), phospho-ERK½ (pERK½) and, mitochondrial expression of citrate synthase, fumarate hydratase and MAOA. RESULTS Following the differentiation of preadipocytes, an increase in the expression levels of pJNK½ and pERK½ was observed, together with mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). We found that both doses of NAC decreased the expression of pJNK½ and pERK½. Consistent with these results, NAC significantly inhibited MCE and modified the expression of different mitochondrial proteins. DISCUSSION Our results suggested that NAC could inhibit Tg and mitochondrial protein expression by preventing both MCE and kinase phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Soto
- a Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María Gomez-Serrano
- b Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, (CSIC, UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Azul Pieralisi
- a Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - Belén Peral
- b Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, (CSIC, UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Liliana N Guerra
- a Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires - IQUIBICEN, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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26
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Proteomics of human mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2016; 33:2-14. [PMID: 27444749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics have passed through a tremendous development in the recent years by the development of ever more sensitive, fast and precise mass spectrometry methods. The dramatically increased research in the biology of mitochondria and their prominent involvement in all kinds of diseases and ageing has benefitted from mitochondrial proteomics. We here review substantial findings and progress of proteomic analyses of human cells and tissues in the recent past. One challenge for investigations of human samples is the ethically and medically founded limited access to human material. The increased sensitivity of mass spectrometry technology aids in lowering this hurdle and new approaches like generation of induced pluripotent cells from somatic cells allow to produce patient-specific cellular disease models with great potential. We describe which human sample types are accessible, review the status of the catalog of human mitochondrial proteins and discuss proteins with dual localization in mitochondria and other cellular compartments. We describe the status and developments of pertinent mass spectrometric strategies, and the use of databases and bioinformatics. Using selected illustrative examples, we draw a picture of the role of proteomic analyses for the many disease contexts from inherited disorders caused by mutation in mitochondrial proteins to complex diseases like cancer, type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we speculate on the future role of proteomics in research on human mitochondria and pinpoint fields where the evolving technologies will be exploited.
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Kim SW, Choi JH, Mukherjee R, Hwang KC, Yun JW. Proteomic identification of fat-browning markers in cultured white adipocytes treated with curcumin. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 415:51-66. [PMID: 26915100 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that curcumin induces browning of primary white adipocytes via enhanced expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes. In this study, we attempted to identify target proteins responsible for this fat-browning effect by analyzing proteomic changes in cultured white adipocytes in response to curcumin treatment. To elucidate the role of curcumin in fat-browning, we conducted comparative proteomic analysis of primary adipocytes between control and curcumin-treated cells using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF-MS. We also investigated fatty acid metabolic targets, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fat-browning-associated proteins using combined proteomic and network analyses. Proteomic analysis revealed that 58 protein spots from a total of 325 matched spots showed differential expression between control and curcumin-treated adipocytes. Using network analysis, most of the identified proteins were proven to be involved in various metabolic and cellular processes based on the PANTHER classification system. One of the most striking findings is that hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was highly correlated with main browning markers based on the STRING database. HSL and two browning markers (UCP1, PGC-1α) were co-immunoprecipitated with these markers, suggesting that HSL possibly plays a role in fat-browning of white adipocytes. Our results suggest that curcumin increased HSL levels and other browning-specific markers, suggesting its possible role in augmentation of lipolysis and suppression of lipogenesis by trans-differentiation from white adipocytes into brown adipocytes (beige).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Kim
- Catholic Kwandong University, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 210-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Heon Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajib Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Catholic Kwandong University, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 210-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, 712-714, Republic of Korea.
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Ma Y, Gao J, Yin J, Gu L, Liu X, Chen S, Huang Q, Lu H, Yang Y, Zhou H, Wang Y, Peng Y. Identification of a Novel Function of Adipocyte Plasma Membrane-Associated Protein (APMAP) in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by Proteomic Analysis of Omental Adipose Tissue. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:628-37. [PMID: 26767403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is considered as an early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we compared demographic and clinical data between six GDM subjects and six normal glucose tolerance (NGT; healthy controls) subjects and found that homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) increased in GDM. Many previous studies demonstrated that omental adipose tissue dysfunction could induce insulin resistance. Thus, to investigate the cause of insulin resistance in GDM, we used label-free proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins in omental adipose tissues from GDM and NGT subjects (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003095). A total of 3528 proteins were identified, including 66 significantly changed proteins. Adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein (APMAP, a.k.a. C20orf3), one of the differentially expressed proteins, was down-regulated in GDM omental adipose tissues. Furthermore, mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to simulate omental adipocytes. The inhibition of APMAP expression by RNAi impaired insulin signaling and activated NFκB signaling in these adipocytes. Our study revealed that the down-regulation of APMAP in omental adipose tissue may play an important role in insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | | | - Xing Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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29
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de Toro-Martín J, Guénard F, Tchernof A, Deshaies Y, Pérusse L, Hould FS, Lebel S, Marceau P, Vohl MC. Methylation quantitative trait loci within the TOMM20 gene are associated with metabolic syndrome-related lipid alterations in severely obese subjects. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:55. [PMID: 27478511 PMCID: PMC4966599 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-016-0171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TOMM20 gene was previously identified as differentially expressed and methylated between severely obese subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MS). Since metabolic complications do not affect all obese patients to the same extent, the aim of this study was to identify methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) potentially associated with MS-related complications within the TOMM20 locus. METHODS Methylation profiling, SNP genotyping and meQTL association tests (general linear models) were performed in a population of 48 severely obese subjects. Genotyping was extended to a larger population of 1720 severely obese subjects with or without MS, where genotype- and diplotype-based association tests were assessed by logistic regression. In silico analyses were performed using TRAP. RESULTS Four SNPs were identified as significant meQTLs for the differentially methylated site cg16490124. Individuals carrying rare alleles of rs4567344 (A > G) (P = 4.9 × 10(-2)) and rs11301 (T > C) (P = 5.9 × 10(-3)) showed decreased methylation levels at this site, whereas those carrying rare alleles of rs4551650 (T > C) (P = 3.5 × 10(-15)) and rs17523127 (C > G) (P = 3.5 × 10(-15)) exhibited a significant increase in methylation. rs4567344 and rs11301 were associated with increased susceptibility to exhibit high plasma triglycerides (TG ≥ 1.69 mmol/L), while rare alleles of rs4551650 and rs17523127 were significantly more represented in the low plasma total-C group (total-C ≤ 6.2 mmol/L). Haplotype reconstruction with the four meQTLs (rs4567344, rs11301, rs4551650, rs17523127) led to the identification of ten different diplotypes, with H1/H2 (GCGG/ACGG) exhibiting a nearly absence of methylation at cg16490124, and showing the highest risk of elevated plasma TG levels [OR = 2.03 (1.59-3.59)], a novel association with elevated LDL-cholesterol [OR = 1.86 (1.06-3.27)] and the complete inversion of the protective effect on total-C levels [OR = 2.03 (1.59-3.59)], especially in men. In silico analyses revealed that rs17523127 overlapped the CpG site cg16490124 and encompassed the core binding sites of the transcription factors Egr 1, 2 and 3, located within the TOMM20 promoter region. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that TOMM20 SNPs associated with MS-related lipid alterations are meQTLs potentially exerting their action through a CpG methylation-dependent effect. The strength of the diplotype-based associations may denote a novel meQTL additive action and point to this locus as particularly relevant in the inter-individual variability observed in the metabolic profiles of obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de Toro-Martín
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Yves Deshaies
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec, QC Canada
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada
| | | | - Stéfane Lebel
- Department of Surgery, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Picard Marceau
- Department of Surgery, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada
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Abstract
Obesity is associated with impaired mitochondrial function. This study compares mitochondrial protein expression in omental fat in obese and non-obese humans. Omental adipose tissue was obtained by surgical biopsy, adipocytes were purified and mitochondria isolated. Using anion-exchange chromatography, SDS-PAGE and mass-spectrometry, 128 proteins with potentially different abundances in patient groups were identified, 62 of the 128 proteins are mainly localized in the mitochondria. Further quantification of 12 of these 62 proteins by immune dot blot analysis revealed four proteins citrate synthase, HADHA, LETM1 and mitofilin being inversely associated with BMI, and mitofilin being inversely correlated with gender.
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