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Yang Z, Li A, Roske C, Alexander N, Gabbay V. Personality traits as predictors of depression across the lifespan. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:274-283. [PMID: 38537757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major public health concern. A barrier for research has been the heterogeneous nature of depression, complicated by the categorical diagnosis of depression which is based on a cluster of symptoms, each with its own etiology. To address the multifactorial etiology of depression and its high comorbidity with anxiety, we aimed to examine the relations between personality traits, diverse behavioral, cognitive and physical measures, and depression and anxiety over the lifespan. METHOD Our sample was drawn from the NKI-RS, a community-based lifespan sample (N = 1494 participants aged 6 to 85). Analyses included multivariate approach and general linear models for group comparisons and dimensional analyses, respectively. A machine learning model was trained to predict depression using many factors including personality traits. RESULTS Depression and anxiety were both characterized by increased neuroticism and introversion, but did not differ between themselves. Comorbidity had an additive effect on personality vulnerability. Dimensionally, depression was only associated with personality in adolescence, where it was positively correlated with neuroticism, and negatively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The relationship between anxiety and personality changed over time, with neuroticism and conscientiousness being the most salient traits. Our machine learning model predicted depression with 70 % accuracy with neuroticism and extraversion contributing most. LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional design, conclusions cannot be drawn about causal relationships between personality and depression. CONCLUSION These results underscore the impact of personality on depressive disorders and provide novel insights on how personality contributes to depression across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Allison Li
- Psychological and Behavioural Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Chloe Roske
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nolan Alexander
- Department of Systems Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Conti L, Mazzoni D, Marzorati C, Grasso R, Busacchio D, Petralia G, Pravettoni G. Observations Regarding the Detection of Abnormal Findings Following a Cancer Screening Whole-Body MRI in Asymptomatic Subjects: The Psychological Consequences and the Role of Personality Traits Over Time. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38821883 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) in oncology has uncovered frequent unexpected abnormal findings (AFs). However, the impact of AFs on the patients' mental well-being is still poorly examined. PURPOSE To investigate the long-term psychological consequences of AF detection following WB-MRI for cancer screening in asymptomatic individuals. STUDY TYPE Prospective, longitudinal. POPULATION 121 consecutive subjects of the general population (mean age = 52.61 ± 11.39 years; 63% males) scheduled for cancer screening by WB-MRI. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5-T and 3-T; protocol complied with Oncologically Relevant Findings Reporting and Data System (ONCO-RADS) guidelines. ASSESSMENT Participants completed the first psychological investigation (T0) immediately after the WB-MRI. Subsequently, it was repeated after 1-year (T1), and 4-years (T2, subgroup of 61 participants) without an MRI exam, assessing personality traits, tumor risk perception, quality of life, depressive, and anxious symptoms. Radiologists directly reported WB-MRI findings to the participants, explaining the clinical implications and the location of the AFs. The number and severity of AFs were assessed. STATISTICAL TESTS Pearson's correlations and analysis of variance with repeated measures assessed the psychological health variables' relationship and their changes over time. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS All participants presented AFs, with 101 individuals categorized as ONCO-RADS 2 and 19 as ONCO-RADS 3. The AFs were most prevalent in bones (31.5%). The overall participants showed only a slight increase in depressive symptoms at T1 [F(1,112) = 7.54]. The severity and the number of AFs were not significantly related to psychological changes [ranging from P = 0.503 to P = 0.997]. Depressive and anxious symptoms over time were significantly affected by the traits of conscientiousness [T1: F(1,112) = 7.87; T2: F(1.708,90.544) = 3.40] and openness [T1: F(1,112) = 4.41]. DATA CONCLUSION Disclosing AFs by WB-MRI exams for cancer screening may not lead to long-term psychosocial consequences. Certain personality traits may, however, influence the psychological distress experienced by individuals with AFs after WB-MRI exams. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY Stage 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Conti
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mazzoni
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Marzorati
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Grasso
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Derna Busacchio
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petralia
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Radiology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Lassi N. Extraversion and low introversion more equivalent to high introversion in depression during COVID-19. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38494629 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether forms of extraversion-introversion produced different depression-related outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD One-way MANCOVAs were conducted to investigate the relationship between extraversion-introversion and depressive symptoms. These data were sourced from the NLSY97, consisting of 4846 individuals born between 1980 and 1984. RESULTS During pre-pandemic periods, high introversion increased the risk of depressive symptoms. During the pandemic, the risk for depressive symptoms was more equivalent, or less predominately high-introvert-based, among extraverted/low introverted and high introverted subjects. CONCLUSIONS Extraversion/low introversion was linked with increased depression, relative to high introversion, during the pandemic. The findings raise significant questions about how individuals with distinct personality traits may experience changes in their psychological well-being during challenging public health events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lassi
- School of Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, China
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Besten ME, van Tol MJ, van Rij J, van Vugt MK. The impact of mood-induction on maladaptive thinking in the vulnerability for depression. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 81:101888. [PMID: 37352732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mind-wandering, and specifically the frequency and content of mind-wandering, plays an important role in the psychological well-being of individuals. Repetitive negative thinking has been associated with a high risk to develop and maintain Major Depressive Disorder. We here combined paradigms and techniques from cognitive sciences and experimental clinical psychology to study the transdiagnostic psychiatric phenomenon of repetitive negative thinking. This allowed us to investigate the adjustability of the content and characteristics of mind-wandering in individuals varying in their susceptibility to negative affect. METHODS Participants high (n = 42) or low (n = 40) on their vulnerability for negative affect and depression performed a Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) after a single session of positive fantasizing and a single session of stress induction in a cross-over design. Affective states were measured before and after the interventions. RESULTS After stress, negative affect increased, while after fantasizing both positive affect increased and negative affect decreased. Thoughts were less off-task, past-related and negative after fantasizing compared to after stress. Individuals more susceptible to negative affect showed more off-task thinking after stress than after fantasizing compared to individuals low on this. LIMITATIONS In this cross-over design, no baseline measurement was included, limiting comparison to 'uninduced' mind-wandering. Inclusion of self-related concerns in the SART could have led to negative priming. CONCLUSIONS Stress-induced negative thinking underlying vulnerability for depression could be partially countered by fantasizing in a non-clinical sample, which may inform the development of treatments for depression and other disorders characterized by maladaptive thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlijn E Besten
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacolien van Rij
- Bernoulli Institute of Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke K van Vugt
- Bernoulli Institute of Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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Jordan B, Förster L, Buchholz T, Sperfeld A, Zierz S. Personality factors in patients with myasthenia gravis: A prospective study. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3228. [PMID: 37608592 PMCID: PMC10636423 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In myasthenia gravis (MG), depression and anxiety have frequently been reported as comorbidities. However, little is known about personality characteristics in MG patients. We aimed to characterise personality traits in MG and to correlate them with disease severity and disease course. METHODS The Big Five Inventory data questionnaire was used to investigate personality traits in 44 MG patients and 45 healthy controls similar in age and gender. In 28 MG patients, a caregiver was also available for patient assessments to limit bias associated with social desirability in patients' responses. Patients were assessed with regard to premorbid personality (before manifestation of MG) and to present condition. In addition, anxiety and depression scales (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory) were applied. RESULTS Compared to controls, MG patients showed significantly higher levels of neuroticism, whereas openness and extraversion were significantly lower. Agreeableness and conscientiousness did not differ between groups. Neuroticism was influenced by disease severity such as generalization of weakness, presence of thymoma, and bulbar involvement as well as disease duration. Neuroticism correlated with premorbid level of neuroticism but also with depression and anxiety scores. CONCLUSION A personality profile of increased neuroticism and lower openness and extraversion in MG patients may contribute considerably to the perception of disease severity. It may also be related to frequent comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. Although premorbid levels of neuroticism were increased, this characteristic may also increase considerably during the course of the disease. The data indicate that muscle weakness in MG is accompanied or even complicated by psychological aspects. Therefore, a psychological and behavioral intervention in addition to the specific pharmacological therapy might be of particular value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Jordan
- Department of NeurologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle/SaaleGermany
- Department of Neurology and NeuropsychologyErnst von Bergmann Klinikum PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Luise Förster
- Department of NeurologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle/SaaleGermany
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Theresa Buchholz
- Department of Neurology, Section NeuropsychologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle/SaaleGermany
| | - Anne‐Dorte Sperfeld
- Department of NeurologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle/SaaleGermany
- Department of NeurologySächsisches Krankenhaus AltscherbitzSchkeuditzGermany
| | - Stephan Zierz
- Department of NeurologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle/SaaleGermany
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Zheng X, Hao X, Li W, Ding Y, Yu T, Wang X, Li S. Dissecting the mediating and moderating effects of depression on the associations between traits and coronary artery disease: A two-step Mendelian randomization and phenome-wide interaction study. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100394. [PMID: 37701760 PMCID: PMC10493261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is often present concurrently with coronary artery disease (CAD), a disease with which it shares many risk factors. However, the manner in which depression mediates and moderates the association between traits (including biomarkers, anthropometric indicators, lifestyle behaviors, etc.) and CAD is largely unknown. Methods In our causal mediation analyses using two-step Mendelian randomization (MR), univariable MR was first used to investigate the causal effects of 108 traits on liability to depression and CAD. The traits with significant causal effects on both depression and CAD, but not causally modulated by depression, were selected for the second-step analyses. Multivariable MR was used to estimate the direct effects (independent of liability to depression) of these traits on CAD, and the indirect effects (mediated via liability to depression) were calculated. To investigate the moderating effect of depression on the association between 364 traits and CAD, a cross-sectional phenome-wide interaction study (PheWIS) was conducted in a study population from UK Biobank (UKBB) (N=275,257). Additionally, if the relationship between traits and CAD was moderated by both phenotypic and genetically predicted depression at a suggestive level of significance (Pinteraction≤0.05) in the PheWIS, the results were further verified by a cohort study using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Univariable MR indicated that 10 of 108 traits under investigation were significantly associated with both depression and CAD, which showed a similar direct effect compared to the total effect for most traits. However, the traits "drive faster than speed limit" and "past tobacco smoking" were both exceptions, with the proportions mediated by depression at 24.6% and 7.2%, respectively. In the moderation analyses, suggestive evidence of several traits was found for moderating effects of phenotypic depression or susceptibility to depression, as estimated by polygenic risk score, including chest pain when hurrying, reason of smoking quitting and weight change. Consistent results were observed in survival analyses and Cox regression. Conclusion The independent role of traits in CAD pathogenesis regardless of depression was highlighted in our mediation analyses, and the moderating effects of depression observed in our study may be helpful for CAD risk stratification and optimized allocation of scarce medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezeng Hao
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weixin Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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van Steen M, Zoet M, Hendriks GJ, Rhebergen D, Lugtenburg A, Lammers M, van den Brink R, Marijnissen R, Voshaar RO, Collard RM, Naarding P. Association Between Personality Traits and Functional Limitations in Older Adults with Affective Disorders: A Cross Sectional Study. Clin Gerontol 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37515583 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2240317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personality traits and affective disorders are both related to functional limitations. It is unknown whether personality traits have an additional effect on functioning in older adults with affective disorders. We studied the association between personality traits and functioning within this group. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 180 older patients referred to outpatient specialized geriatric mental health care centers with a depressive, anxiety and/or somatic symptom disorder according to DSM-criteria. We studied the association between the Big Five personality traits and functional limitations assessed with the WHO-DAS II, adjusting for potential confounders, including the severity of various affective disorders. RESULTS The 180 patients (57.1% female, mean age 69.2 years) had an average WHO-DAS II score of 31.3 (SD 15.1). Lower scores on Conscientiousness were associated with more overall functional limitations (p = .001), particularly limitations in self-care (p = .001) and household activities (p = .001). Lower Extraversion scores were associated with more limitations in getting along with others (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS Personality traits are related to functional limitations independent of the severity of affective disorders in older adults. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Personality traits may be used as predictive factors for functioning in older adults with affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon van Steen
- GGNet Old age, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Zoet
- GGNet Mental Health, Division of Old Age Psychiatry, Warnsveld & Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Hendriks
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University & Pro Persona Institute for Integrated Mental Health Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- Mental Health Center GGZ Centraal, Ermelo, Netherlands
- The Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rob van den Brink
- Rob Giel Research Center (RGOc), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Radboud Marijnissen
- Rob Giel Research Center (RGOc), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Oude Voshaar
- Rob Giel Research Center (RGOc), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rose M Collard
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Naarding
- GGNet Mental Health, Division of Old Age Psychiatry, Warnsveld & Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
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Kang W, Steffens F, Pineda S, Widuch K, Malvaso A. Personality traits and dimensions of mental health. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7091. [PMID: 37127723 PMCID: PMC10151354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals are different in a relatively constant pattern of thoughts, feeling, and behaviors, which are called personality traits. Mental health is a condition of well-being in which people may reach their full potential and deal effectively with stress, work efficiently, and contribute to their communities. Indeed, the link between personality and mental health as indicated by the 12-item version of the general health questionnaires (GHQ-12) has been well-established according to evidence found by decades of research. However, the GHQ-12 comprises many questions asking about different dimensions of mental health. It is unclear how personality traits relate to these dimensions of mental health. In this paper, we try to address this question. We analyzed data from 12,007 participants from the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and generalized linear models. We replicated the factor structure of GHQ-12 labeled as GHQ-12A (social dysfunction & anhedonia; 6 items), GHQ-12B (depression & anxiety; 4 items), and GHQ-12C (loss of confidence; 2 items). Moreover, Neuroticism was positively related to all dimensions of mental health issues, Extraversion was negatively related to GHQ-12A (social dysfunction & anhedonia) and GHQ-12B (depression & anxiety), Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were negatively related to GHQ-12A (social dysfunction & anhedonia) and GHQ-12C (loss of confidence), and Openness was negatively related to GHQ-12B (depression & anxiety). These results contribute to theories including the predisposition/vulnerability model, complication/scar model, pathoplasty/exacerbation model, and the spectrum model, which propose that personality traits are linked to mental health and explained possible reasons. Psychologists may use results from this study to identify individuals who may be at high risk of developing various non-psychiatric mental health issues and intervene to avoid negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, 3rd floor Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | | | - Sònia Pineda
- TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Malvaso
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, National Neurological Institute, IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Jirakran K, Vasupanrajit A, Tunvirachaisakul C, Maes M. The effects of adverse childhood experiences on depression and suicidal behaviors are partially mediated by neuroticism: A subclinical manifestation of major depression. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1158036. [PMID: 37181874 PMCID: PMC10169750 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1158036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuroticism, a personality trait, can predict major depressive disorder (MDD). The current study aims to determine whether a) neuroticism is a feature of the acute state of MDD, including suicidal behaviors (SB); and b) adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with neuroticism in MDD. Methods This study included 133 participants, 67 healthy controls and 66 MDD patients, and assessed the Big 5 Inventory (BFI), ACEs using the ACE Questionnaire, and the phenome of depression using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) scores to assess current SB. Results Neuroticism was significantly higher in MDD than controls, and it explained 64.9% of the variance in the depression phenome (a latent vector extracted from HAM-D, BDI, STAI, and current SB scores). The other BFI domains had much less (extraversion, agreeableness) or no effect (openness, conscientiousness). One latent vector could be extracted from the phenome, lifetime dysthymia, lifetime anxiety disorders and neuroticism scores. Neglect (physical and emotional) and abuse (physical, neglect and sexual) account for approximately 30% of the variance in this latent vector. Partial Least Squares analysis showed that the effects of neglect on the phenome were partially mediated by neuroticism, whereas the effects of abuse were completely mediated by neuroticism. Discussion Neuroticism (trait) and the MDD phenome (state) are both manifestations of the same latent core, with neuroticism being a subclinical manifestation of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketsupar Jirakran
- PhD Programme in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Maximizing Children's Developmental Potential, Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asara Vasupanrajit
- PhD Programme in Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Maes
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kondracki AJ, Riedel MC, Crooks K, Perez PV, Flannery JS, Laird AR, Sutherland MT. The Link Between Neuroticism and Everyday Cognitive Failures is Mediated by Self-Reported Mindfulness Among College Students. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:265-287. [PMID: 34772304 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211048467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism has been linked to an increased likelihood of cognitive failures, including episodes of inattentiveness, forgetfulness, or accidents causing difficulties in successfully executing everyday tasks and impacting health and quality of life. Cognitive failures associated with trait neuroticism can prompt some negative psychological outcomes and risky behaviors. Accumulating evidence shows that augmenting mindfulness can benefit cognitive health and general well-being. However, little is known regarding potential cognitive-behavioral pathways through which individual differences in trait neuroticism could influence the propensity to cognitive failures. Using a sample of 1003 undergraduate college students (females: n = 779) consisting of self-reported questionnaire data, we conducted correlational and mediational analyses to investigate the interrelationship between neuroticism, mindfulness, and cognitive failures. Higher neuroticism scores (females: r = -0.388, males: r = -0.390) and higher cognitive failures scores (females: r = -0.339, males: r = -0.407, p < .001) were significantly correlated with lower self-reported mindfulness scores. Mindfulness significantly mediated the relationship between neuroticism and cognitive failures (β = 0.50, 95%, CI: 0.37, 0.65). These findings indicate that higher mindfulness may help ameliorate negative effects of neuroticism on everyday cognitive failures. Future research will determine how college students may benefit from positive impact of mindfulness to improve their psychological and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Kondracki
- Center for Children and Families, 5450Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Physics, 5450Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Katharine Crooks
- Department of Psychology, 5450Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Jessica S Flannery
- Department of Psychology, 5450Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, 5450Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Wu PC. Associations Between Personality and Depressive Symptoms in an Adolescent Clinical Population: Consideration of Personality Stability. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:84-95. [PMID: 34374887 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The study used trait-state-occasion TSO models to explore longitudinal personality stability in young adolescents with the onset of depressive symptoms and to quantify time-invariant and time-varying personality components in predicting the course of depressive symptoms. A total of 326 young clinical adolescents were recruited from high schools, and only 290 adolescents (112 boys; 178 girls) were followed up for 4 time points. Personality measures were implemented twice each year with an interval of 6 months, providing four assessment waves (T1 to T4); depression measures were administered at the initial stage (T1) and the third wave (T3), respectively. The results showed that five domains of personality in adolescents with depressive symptoms were largely characterized by the stable trait factor (65%-81%). The average autoregressive effects across the four waves were significant for all Big Five personality domains except openness. Moreover, excluding time-varying variance, conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness were negatively associated with T1 depressive symptoms; however, only the latter two domains retained significant relationships in the second year of intervention. An elevated level of neuroticism was consistently associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms over interventions. Trait factors of extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism were associated with depressive symptoms in early adolsecnets, providing some implications for clinical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Wu
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National PingTung University, No. 4-18 Ming Shen Road, PingTung, Taiwan, ROC.
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12
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Lekkas D, Gyorda JA, Moen EL, Jacobson NC. Using passive sensor data to probe associations of social structure with changes in personality: A synthesis of network analysis and machine learning. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277516. [PMID: 36449466 PMCID: PMC9710841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Social network analysis (SNA) is an increasingly popular and effective tool for modeling psychological phenomena. Through application to the personality literature, social networks, in conjunction with passive, non-invasive sensing technologies, have begun to offer powerful insight into personality state variability. Resultant constructions of social networks can be utilized alongside machine learning-based frameworks to uniquely model personality states. Accordingly, this work leverages data from a previously published study to combine passively collected wearable sensor information on face-to-face, workplace social interactions with ecological momentary assessments of personality state. Data from 54 individuals across six weeks was used to explore the relative importance of 26 unique structural and nodal social network features in predicting individual changes in each of the Big Five (5F) personality states. Changes in personality state were operationalized by calculating the weekly root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in 5F state scores measured daily via self-report. Using only SNA-derived features from wearable sensor data, boosted tree-based machine learning models explained, on average, approximately 28-30% of the variance in individual personality state change. Model introspection implicated egocentric features as the most influential predictors across 5F-specific models, with network efficiency, constraint, and effective size measures among the most important. Feature importance profiles for each 5F model partially echoed previous empirical findings. Results support future efforts focusing on egocentric components of SNA and suggest particular investment in exploring efficiency measures to model personality fluctuations within the workplace setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lekkas
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joseph A. Gyorda
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Erika L. Moen
- Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Nicholas C. Jacobson
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
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13
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Neuroticism and adverse life events are important determinants in functional somatic disorders: the DanFunD study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19604. [PMID: 36380136 PMCID: PMC9666664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several psychological factors have been proposed to be associated with functional somatic disorders (FSD). However, large population-based studies investigating the importance of both personality and adverse life events (ALE) are sparse. This study aimed to investigate the association between FSD and neuroticism and the accumulated number of ALE, respectively. This cross-sectional study included a random sample of the adult Danish population (N = 7493). FSD were established by means of self-reported questionnaires and diagnostic interviews. Neuroticism was measured with the Danish version of the short-form NEO Personality Inventory. ALE were measured with the Danish version of the Cumulative Lifetime Adversity Measure. Strong positive associations were found between neuroticism and FSD, and ALE and questionnaire-based FSD. For interview-based FSD, strong positive associations were found for FSD, multi-organ type, and for the subtype of the general symptoms. The level of self-efficacy did not modify these associations, and no moderating effect of neuroticism and ALE in combination on the probability of having FSD was found. FSD were strongly associated with both neuroticism and the accumulated number of ALE, and these associations were not modified by self-efficacy. In combination, neuroticism and ALE did not have a moderating effect on the probability of having FSD.
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14
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Welch B, Helou LB. Measuring Communicative Congruence and Communicative Dysphoria in a Sample of Individuals Without Voice Disorders. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:3420-3437. [PMID: 36054879 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-21-00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines communicative congruence and communicative dysphoria in adults who deny having a voice disorder. Communicative congruence is the degree to which a person's communication is consistent with their sense of self/identity. Communicative dysphoria is the psychological entropy resulting from communicative incongruence. We propose that these experiences may influence patients' psychosocial well-being and are thus relevant to the field of speech-language pathology. We hypothesized that both constructs would be normally distributed with an inverse relationship. We also hypothesized that communicative congruence would predict scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, subscales of the Big Five Aspect Scales (BFAS; a personality measure), and achieve convergent validity with the Vocal Congruence Scale (VCS). METHOD Participants (adults 18-70 years) completed the BFAS, CES-D, VCS, and the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) before recording a series of speech tasks. Participants' recordings were played back while they responded to questions probing their communicative congruence and communicative dysphoria. RESULTS The 196 participants were predominantly female (67.3%) and cisgender (96.4%). Communicative congruence was negatively skewed, and communicative dysphoria was normally distributed. Both variables significantly related to each other: More incongruence was associated with more dysphoria. Communicative congruence was inversely related to CES-D scores. The personality metatrait Plasticity related to communicative congruence, as did the domain of Extraversion and the aspects Withdrawal, Enthusiasm, and Assertiveness. Communicative congruence achieved high convergent validity with the VCS. CONCLUSIONS Counter to our hypothesis, participants reported more congruence than incongruence, but all other hypotheses were supported. Participants who reported incongruence were more likely to report symptoms of depression. These findings suggest that even in a predominantly cisgender cohort, some individuals' mental well-being might relate to how well their communication aligns with their identity. This work may inform future investigations into these constructs and their effects on voice therapy outcomes. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20739967.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Welch
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Leah B Helou
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA
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15
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Noda Y, Asano K, Shimizu E, Hirano Y. The mediating effect of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression on the relationship between personality traits and quality of life in emergency service workers. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 116:152327. [PMID: 35643052 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency service workers are often exposed to fatalities during accidents or disasters. Therefore, they may be more prone to experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. It has been shown that these comorbid disorders are related to personality traits and quality of life (QOL). METHODS We hypothesized that mental disorders, such as symptoms of PTSD and depression, mediate the relationship between personality traits, as measured on the 10-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and QOL, as measured on the MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS Participants were aged 23-61 years. Questionnaires were sent to 373 participants, 220 of whom returned responses. A direct effect was found between two subscales of the TIPI (Extraversion and Emotional stability) and mental component summary scores of the SF-36 (Extraversion: β = 0.154, p < .001; Emotional stability: β = 0.179, p < .001), which indicated partial mediation. A significant indirect effect was revealed between two personality traits and mental health summary scores (Extraversion: β = 0.058, p < .001; Emotional stability: β = 0.087, p < .001). We also found a direct effect of extraversion scores of the TIPI on role/social component summary scores of the SF-36 (β = 0.084, p < .05). However, none of the 95% confidential intervals was significant, which indicated full mediation, and the indirect effect was significant (β = 0.023, p < .01). Sensitivity analysis indicated that a direct effect between extraversion scores of the TIPI and role/social component summary scores of the SF-36 was significant, which indicated partial mediation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of direct and indirect effects highlight the importance of identifying effective methods for protecting individuals from developing symptoms of PTSD and depression; moreover, they may help improve QOL. The capacity of dealing with incidents among emergency service workers may vary depending on their personality traits. Therefore, the screening of mental health states that includes a personality trait inventory may be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Noda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan; Department of Nursing, Teikyo University of Science, 34-1 Senjumotomachi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-0041, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 268-0856, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Baliyan S, Cimadevilla JM, Pulopulos MM, Castillejo L, Sandi C, Venero C. Pre-pandemic Psychobiological Features Predict Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Loneliness. Front Psychol 2022; 13:874232. [PMID: 35572252 PMCID: PMC9096268 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.874232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to various government-imposed limitations on social interaction and strict home confinement. Such involuntary social-distancing policies can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and alter emotional well-being. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is a potential mechanism for loneliness' deleterious health effects. In this study, we explored whether pre-pandemic diurnal cortisol output (AUC G ), a measure of HPA axis function, may predict the propensity to changes in loneliness during long-term COVID-19 home confinement and if extraversion would moderate this relationship. This association has been explored by analysing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and strict home confinement on social and emotional loneliness in 45 Spanish young adults. Diurnal cortisol levels were measured from five saliva samples obtained across a day just before the pandemic, and data about participants' perceived loneliness, empathic state, extraversion, and prospective volunteering were obtained both before and during the confinement. Participants' social and family loneliness increased during long-term strict home confinement, while prospective volunteering tendencies and extraversion decreased. Importantly, after adjusting for relevant confounders, moderation analyses revealed that in young adults with high pre-pandemic extraversion, a higher AUC G predicted a larger increase in social loneliness during confinement, while in individuals with low extraversion, AUC G was negatively related to change in loneliness. Our findings highlight the utility of pre-pandemic diurnal cortisol output in predicting the social impact of COVID-19 home confinement, presenting this hormone as a potential biomarker for a priori identification of at-risk groups during public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Baliyan
- COGNI-UNED, Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Matias M. Pulopulos
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leyre Castillejo
- COGNI-UNED, Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - César Venero
- COGNI-UNED, Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, UNED, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Mixto de Investigación-Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Madrid, Spain
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Changes in temperament traits associated with remission of PTSD symptoms after pharmacology, psychotherapy and combined treatment in a sample of participants in motor vehicle accidents. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Wang X, Lin J, Liu Q, Lv X, Wang G, Wei J, Zhu G, Chen Q, Tian H, Zhang K, Wang X, Zhang N, Yu X, Su YA, Si T. Major depressive disorder comorbid with general anxiety disorder: Associations among neuroticism, adult stress, and the inflammatory index. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 148:307-314. [PMID: 35193034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that higher neuroticism and adult stress may be potential risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) comorbid with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Studies have shown that anxious and depressed patients have significantly more neurobiological abnormalities than non-anxious depressed patients. However, the biological mechanism of comorbidity remains unknown. A study of serum markers allows a better understanding of the mechanism. This was a multi-centre, cross-sectional study. A total of 169 MDD patients (42 MDD patients with comorbid GAD and 127 MDD patients without comorbid GAD) were studied to analyse the risk factors for MDD with comorbid GAD. Twenty-four peripheral serum markers were measured. Path analysis was applied to test the association among neuroticism, adult stress, inflammatory markers, and psychopathology. After Bonferroni correction, MDD patients with comorbid GAD had lower levels of CCL2 (P = 0.001) and higher levels of α2M (P < 0.001) and TLR-1 (P = 0.001) than MDD patients without comorbid GAD (adjusted P < 0.002). In the path analyses of the association among adult stress, the inflammatory index, and psychopathology, neuroticism had a direct effect (β = 0.238, P = 0.003) and an indirect effect (β = 0.068, P = 0.004) on MDD and GAD comorbidity through adult stress and the inflammatory index. Our results suggest that MDD with comorbid GAD is associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers, stress factors and personality traits, which may provide some cues for early identification or more tailored and comprehensive treatment for MDD with comorbid GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Lin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lv
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Ai Su
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
| | - Tianmei Si
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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19
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Grella ON, Dunlap A, Nicholson AM, Stevens K, Pittman B, Corbera S, Diefenbach G, Pearlson G, Assaf M. Personality as a mediator of autistic traits and internalizing symptoms in two community samples. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:81. [PMID: 35346350 PMCID: PMC8962582 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social functioning and is comorbid with internalizing disorders and symptoms. While personality is associated with these symptoms and social functioning in non-ASD samples, its role mediating the relationship between ASD traits and internalizing symptoms is not clear. Methods We studied the mediating effect of personality on the correlations between ASD traits and internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress) in two samples. Additionally, we explored the moderating effect of gender. Analyses were applied to a small (Study 1; N = 101) undergraduate sample. A broader sample recruited via an online crowdsourcing platform (Study 2; N = 371) was used to validate the results. Results Study 1’s mediation analyses revealed that neuroticism was the only significant mediator. Study 2 replicated these results by finding extraversion to be an additional mediator for anxiety and extraversion, openness, and agreeableness as additional mediators for stress. Moderation analyses revealed that gender was never a significant moderator. Conclusions These results support the effects of personality on the relationship between autism traits and internalizing symptoms. Future research should explore these effects in clinical samples to better understand the role of personality in symptomatology and the need to address it as part of intervention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-022-00774-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia N Grella
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 061016, USA.
| | - Amanda Dunlap
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 061016, USA
| | - Alycia M Nicholson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 061016, USA
| | - Kimberly Stevens
- Anxiety Disorders Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Silvia Corbera
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 061016, USA.,Department of Psychological Science, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, USA
| | - Gretchen Diefenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Anxiety Disorders Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 061016, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michal Assaf
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 061016, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Militello L, Sobolev M, Okeke F, Adler DA, Nahum-Shani I. Digital Prompts to Increase Engagement With the Headspace App and for Stress Regulation Among Parents: Feasibility Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e30606. [PMID: 35311675 PMCID: PMC8981020 DOI: 10.2196/30606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Given the interrelated health of children and parents, strategies to promote stress regulation are critically important in the family context. However, the uptake of preventive mental health is limited among parents owing to competing family demands. Objective In this study, we aim to determine whether it is feasible and acceptable to randomize digital prompts designed to engage parents in real-time brief mindfulness activities guided by a commercially available app. Methods We conducted a 30-day pilot microrandomized trial among a sample of parents who used Android smartphones. Each day during a parent-specified time frame, participants had a 50% probability of receiving a prompt with a message encouraging them to engage in a mindfulness activity using a commercial app, Headspace. In the 24 hours following randomization, ecological momentary assessments and passively collected smartphone data were used to assess proximal engagement (yes or no) with the app and any mindfulness activity (with or without the app). These data were combined with baseline and exit surveys to determine feasibility and acceptability. Results Over 4 months, 83 interested parents were screened, 48 were eligible, 16 were enrolled, and 10 were successfully onboarded. Reasons for nonparticipation included technology barriers, privacy concerns, time constraints, or change of mind. In total, 80% (8/10) of parents who onboarded successfully completed all aspects of the intervention. While it is feasible to randomize prompt delivery, only 60% (6/10) of parents reported that the timing of prompts was helpful despite having control over the delivery window. Across the study period, we observed higher self-reported engagement with Headspace on days with prompts (31/62, 50% of days), as opposed to days without prompts (33/103, 32% of days). This pattern was consistent for most participants in this study (7/8, 87%). The time spent using the app on days with prompts (mean 566, SD 378 seconds) was descriptively higher than on days without prompts (mean 225, SD 276 seconds). App usage was highest during the first week and declined over each of the remaining 3 weeks. However, self-reported engagement in mindfulness activities without the app increased over time. Self-reported engagement with any mindfulness activity was similar on days with (40/62, 65% of days) and without (65/103, 63% of days) prompts. Participants found the Headspace app helpful (10/10, 100%) and would recommend the program to others (9/10, 90%). Conclusions Preliminary findings suggest that parents are receptive to using mindfulness apps to support stress management, and prompts are likely to increase engagement with the app. However, we identified several implementation challenges in the current trial, specifically a need to optimize prompt timing and frequency as a strategy to engage users in preventive digital mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Militello
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael Sobolev
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, United States
| | - Fabian Okeke
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel A Adler
- Cornell Tech, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Inbal Nahum-Shani
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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21
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Xiu B, Andanty C, Dai N, Zai CC, Graff A, McNeely H, Daskalakis ZJ, De Luca V. Association Between the Visual N1-P2 Complex and Neuroticism. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:95-103. [PMID: 34515573 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211039937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a personality trait associated with impaired attention, memory, and error detection. Thus, the present study investigated the visual N100 and P200 event-related potentials components associated with attention using a 2-back working memory task in healthy neurotic and nonneurotic participants, evaluated using the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Five Factor Inventory. A total of 35 healthy participants were asked to perform the 2-back task while recording electroencephalographic activity from 64 electrodes on the scalp. Analysis of the N100 and P200 amplitude and latency in high neuroticism and low neuroticism subjects showed an increased P200 amplitude and latency for high neuroticism subjects in the frontal and parietal regions, respectively. However, there were no significant performance differences between the high and low neuroticism subjects for the 2-back working memory task. Therefore, the results suggest that neuroticism is associated with the P200 component elicited in the context of a working memory task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xiu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher Andanty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nasia Dai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Institute of Medical Science, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff
- Institute of Medical Science, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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22
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Edler JS, Manz K, Rojas-Perilla N, Baumeister H, Cohrdes C. The role of personality traits and social support in relations of health-related behaviours and depressive symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:52. [PMID: 35065643 PMCID: PMC8784003 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence has suggested that physically inactive individuals and extensive media users are at high risk for experiencing depressive symptoms. We examined personality traits and perceived social support as potential moderators of this association. Personality and perceived social support were included as two of the most frequently considered variables when determining predispositioning factors for media use phenomena also discussed in relation to physical activity. METHODS We analysed cross-sectional data from 1402 adults (18-31 years old) who participated in a national health survey in Germany (KiGGS, Study on the health of children and adolescents in Germany, wave 2). The data included one-week accelerometer assessments as objective indicators of physical activity, self-reported media use, depressive symptoms, perceived social support and Big 5 personality traits. An elastic net regression model was fit with depressive symptoms as outcome. Ten-fold cross-validation was implemented. RESULTS Amongst the main effects, we found that high media use was positively correlated with depressive symptoms, whereas physical activity was not correlated. Looking at support and individual differences as moderators, revealed that PC use was more strongly correlated with depressive symptoms in cases of low levels of perceived social support. Positive associations of social media use with depressive symptoms were more pronounced, whereas negative associations of moderate to vigorous physical activity with depressive symptoms were less pronounced in extraverts than they were in introverts. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of considering individual factors for deriving more valid recommendations on protective health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna-Sophie Edler
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Unit 26 Mental Health, PO Box 650261, 13302, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kristin Manz
- Physical Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Rojas-Perilla
- Department of Analytics in the Digital Era, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Caroline Cohrdes
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Unit 26 Mental Health, PO Box 650261, 13302, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Lim JA, Yun JY, Choi SH, Park S, Suk HW, Jang JH. Greater variability in daily sleep efficiency predicts depression and anxiety in young adults: Estimation of depression severity using the two-week sleep quality records of wearable devices. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1041747. [PMID: 36419969 PMCID: PMC9676252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1041747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbances are associated with both the onset and progression of depressive disorders. It is important to capture day-to-day variability in sleep patterns; irregular sleep is associated with depressive symptoms. We used sleep efficiency, measured with wearable devices, as an objective indicator of daily sleep variability. MATERIALS AND METHODS The total sample consists of 100 undergraduate and graduate students, 60% of whom were female. All were divided into three groups (with major depressive disorder, mild depressive symptoms, and controls). Self-report questionnaires were completed at the beginning of the experiment, and sleep efficiency data were collected daily for 2 weeks using wearable devices. We explored whether the mean value of sleep efficiency, and its variability, predicted the severity of depression using dynamic structural equation modeling. RESULTS More marked daily variability in sleep efficiency significantly predicted levels of depression and anxiety, as did the average person-level covariates (longer time in bed, poorer quality of life, lower extraversion, and higher neuroticism). CONCLUSION Large swings in day-to-day sleep efficiency and certain clinical characteristics might be associated with depression severity in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-A Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Hope Research, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Susan Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Suk
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Hope Research, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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24
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Psychological risk factors and the course of depression and anxiety disorders: A review of 15 years NESDA research. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1347-1359. [PMID: 34706448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA; Nbaseline=2981) is an ongoing longitudinal, multi-site, naturalistic, cohort study examining the etiology, course, and consequences of depression and anxiety. In this article we synthesize and evaluate fifteen years of NESDA research on prominent psychological risk factors for the onset, persistence, recurrence, and comorbidity of affective disorders. METHODS A narrative review of 62 NESDA articles examining the specificity and predictive value of neuroticism, behavioral inhibition, repetitive negative thinking, experiential avoidance, cognitive reactivity, locus of control, (implicit) self-esteem, (implicit) disorder-specific self-associations, and attentional bias for the course of affective disorders. RESULTS All self-reported risk factors showed cross-sectional relationships with singular and comorbid affective disorders, and prospective relationships with the development and chronicity of depression and anxiety disorders. High neuroticism, low self-esteem, and negative repetitive thinking showed most prominent transdiagnostic relationships, whereas cognitive reactivity showed most pronounced depression-specific associations. Implicit self-esteem showed predictive validity for the persistence and recurrence of anxiety and depression over and above self-reported risk factors. Automatic approach-avoidance behavior and attentional bias for negative, positive, or threat words showed no relationship with affective disorders. CONCLUSION NESDA identified both (a) transdiagnostic factors (e.g., neuroticism, low implicit self-esteem, repetitive negative thinking) that may help explain the comorbidity between affective disorders and overlap in symptoms, and (b) indications for disorder-specific risk factors (e.g., cognitive responsivity) which support the relevance of distinct disorder categories and disorder-specific mechanisms. Thus, the results point to the relevance of both transdiagnostic and disorder-specific targets for therapeutic interventions.
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25
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Jhon M, Stewart R, Kim JW, Kang HJ, Lee JY, Kim SW, Shin IS, Kim JM. Predictors and outcomes of experienced and anticipated discrimination in patients treated for depression: A 2-year longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:761-768. [PMID: 34375201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma is both common and associated with greater depressive morbidity in depressives. Surprisingly few longitudinal studies have explored the predictors and consequences of stigma and discrimination. METHOD A total of 230 patients with depression who were commencing treatment were enrolled. Experienced and anticipated discrimination were assessed using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale at the 1-year follow-up. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire, and Sheehan Disability Scale were administered at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years, to assess various depression outcomes. Baseline personality was evaluated using the Big Five Inventory-10. RESULTS A previous depressive history and low agreeableness predicted experienced discrimination; a higher level of education, non-married status, and higher functional disability predicted anticipated discrimination. Higher-level experienced discrimination during the first year of treatment was significantly associated with poorer improvements in all six measured outcomes after 1 year of treatment, and again after 2 years of treatment (with the exception of the EQ-5D score). Higher anticipated discrimination was significantly associated with less improvement in the SOFAS scores after both 1 and 2 years of treatments. LIMITATIONS The study was a single-center work; this maximized consistency but may limit generalizability. CONCLUSIONS Discrimination exerts negative effects on depression outcomes that can be predicted at the initiation of treatment. Interventional studies are required to prevent and manage stigmatization of persons with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jhon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Stewart
- Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ju-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Hill C, Nel JA, de Beer LT, Fetvadjiev VH, Stevens LI, Bruwer M. Assessing the Nomological Network of the South African Personality Inventory With Psychological Traits. Front Psychol 2021; 12:727848. [PMID: 34707539 PMCID: PMC8542784 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to expand internal construct validity and equivalence research of the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI), as well as to investigate the nomological validity of the SAPI by examining its relationship with specific and relevant psychological outcomes. The internal and external validity of the SAPI was assessed within three separate samples (N = 936). Using the combined data from all three samples, Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) indicated that the six-factor SAPI model fit proved to be excellent. Measurement invariance analyses showed that the SAPI dimensions in the ESEM model were invariant across gender and race groups. Next, two separate studies explored the associations of the SAPI factors with relevant psychological outcomes. An ESEM-within-CFA (set ESEM) method was used to add the factors into a new input file to correlate them with variables that were not part of the initial ESEM model. Both models generated excellent fit. In Study 1, psychological well-being and cultural intelligence were correlated with the SAPI factors within a sample of students and working adults. All of the psychological well-being dimensions significantly correlated with the SAPI factors, while for cultural intelligence, the highest correlations were between Meta-cognition and Openness and Meta-cognition and Positive Social-Relational Disposition. In Study 2, work locus of control and trait anxiety was correlated with the SAPI factors within a sample of adults from the general South African workforce. Work Locus of Control correlated with most factors of the SAPI, but more prominently with Positive Social-Relational Disposition, while Neuroticism correlated strongly with trait anxiety. Finding an appropriate internal structure that measures personality without bias in a culturally diverse context is difficult. This study provided strong evidence that the SAPI meets the demanding requirements of personality measurement in this context and generated promising results to support the relevance of the SAPI factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Hill
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jan Alewyn Nel
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Leon T de Beer
- WorkWell Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Velichko H Fetvadjiev
- WorkWell Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lyle I Stevens
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Monique Bruwer
- WorkWell Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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27
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Pauly C, Ribeiro F, Schröder VE, Pauly L, Krüger R, Leist AK. The Moderating Role of Resilience in the Personality-Mental Health Relationship During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:745636. [PMID: 34744837 PMCID: PMC8566705 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.745636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Associations between personality traits and mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, loneliness, and stress) have rarely been assessed in a population-representative sample of a high-income country during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, as far as we know, the role of health and social behaviors as well as resilience in the personality-mental health relationship has yet to be explored. Methods: A representative sample of 1,828 residents of Luxembourg filled in validated scales to assess personality traits and resilience, depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, loneliness, and stress, indicating mental health, in mid-April 2020. Results: Approximately 21% of the participants scored above the cut-off for moderate depression and moderate loneliness. Moderate anxiety and moderate stress were present in 6.2 and 0.3% of the participants, respectively. Higher-educated respondents and those living in higher-value housing reported better mental health. Agreeableness and conscientiousness were most consistently associated with better mental health; neuroticism was most consistently associated with worse mental health. Spending more time on social media was also associated with elevated levels of all four mental health outcomes. Social and health behaviors did not change the personality-mental health relationships. Resilience moderated some of the personality-mental health associations, most consistently in neuroticism. Conclusions: Findings suggest educational and socioeconomic inequalities in mental health in a nationally representative sample during the COVID-19 confinement measures. Personality traits, particularly agreeableness, conscientiousness, and low neuroticism were associated with mental health. The moderating role of resilience in the personality-mental health relationship suggests intervention potential to improve mental health during periods of confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Pauly
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Fabiana Ribeiro
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Valerie E. Schröder
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Laure Pauly
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anja K. Leist
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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28
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Van der Draai DA, Van Duijn E, De Beurs DP, Bexkens A, Beekman ATF. Factors of Specialized Mental Health Care Use in the Netherlands: A Scoping Review Applying Andersen-Newman's Care Utilization Model. Health Serv Insights 2021; 14:11786329211048134. [PMID: 34646063 PMCID: PMC8504219 DOI: 10.1177/11786329211048134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As mental disorders impact quality of life and result in high costs for society, it is important patients receive timely and adequate care. This scoping review first aims to summarize which factors contribute to specialized mental health care (SMHC) use. Within the Dutch health care system, the general practitioner (GP) is the filter for SMHC and care use costs are relatively low. Second, to organize factors by Andersen and Newman’s care utilization model in illness level, predisposing, and enabling factors. Third, to assess equity of access to SMHC in the Netherlands. A health care system is equitable when illness level and the demographic predisposing factors age and gender account for most variation in care use and inequitable when enabling factors and social predisposing factors such as education predominate. We identified 13 cross-sectional and cohort studies in the Netherlands published between 1970 and September 2020 with 20 assessed factors. Illness level factors, disease severity, diagnosis, personality, and comorbidity contributed the most to SMHC use. Predisposing factors related to a more solitary lifestyle contributed to a lesser degree. Enabling factors income and urbanicity contributed the least to SMHC use. These results imply inequity. Factors that did not fit the care utilization model were GP related, for example the ability to recognize mental disorders. This emphasizes their importance in a system where patients are dependent on GPs for access to SMHC. Focus should be on improving recognition of mental disorders by GPs as well as collaboration with mental health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Aimée Van der Draai
- GGZ Delfland, Delft, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, location GGZ inGeest and VU Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Van Duijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anika Bexkens
- GGZ Delfland, Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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29
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Brajer-Luftmann B, Mardas M, Stelmach-Mardas M, Lojko D, Batura-Gabryel H, Piorunek T. Association between Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Flexible Video Bronchoscopy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910374. [PMID: 34639674 PMCID: PMC8507624 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bronchoscopy is one of the basic invasive procedures in pulmonology accompanied by patients’ anxiety. This study aimed to find an association between predictors of state anxiety/depression and patient’s quality of life (QOL) with pulmonary symptoms undergoing diagnostic flexible video bronchoscopy (FVB). A total of 125 adult patients before FVB were included in a prospective observational study. The quality of life (QOL) was assessed by WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, the depression possibility by the Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the anxiety level by Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S; STAI-T). Results show that the older patients and patients with more comorbidities showed a significantly higher anxiety level. The previous FVB under deep sedation significantly reduced state anxiety. A significantly positive association was found between the STAI score and total BDI-II score. More severe symptoms of anxiety were especially related to lower QOL (physical health, psychological and environmental domains) in patients. Statistically higher trait anxiety in lower social QOL domain scores was observed. Our findings show that high state and trait anxiety were associated with higher depression scores and lower quality of life in the elderly. It seems that the elderly and patients at risk of depression development require more attention in the clinical setting to minimize the anxiety accompanying the bronchoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Brajer-Luftmann
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (H.B.-G.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-841-70-61
| | - Marcin Mardas
- Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 61-569 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marta Stelmach-Mardas
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 61-569 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Dorota Lojko
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33 Street, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Halina Batura-Gabryel
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (H.B.-G.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Piorunek
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (H.B.-G.); (T.P.)
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30
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Stein DJ, Craske MG, Rothbaum BO, Chamberlain SR, Fineberg NA, Choi KW, de Jonge P, Baldwin DS, Maj M. The clinical characterization of the adult patient with an anxiety or related disorder aimed at personalization of management. World Psychiatry 2021; 20:336-356. [PMID: 34505377 PMCID: PMC8429350 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical construct of "anxiety neurosis" was broad and poorly defined, so that the delineation of specific anxiety disorders in the DSM-III was an important advance. However, anxiety and related disorders are not only frequently comorbid, but each is also quite heterogeneous; thus diagnostic manuals provide only a first step towards formulating a management plan, and the development of additional decision support tools for the treatment of anxiety conditions is needed. This paper aims to describe systematically important domains that are relevant to the personalization of management of anxiety and related disorders in adults. For each domain, we summarize the available research evidence and review the relevant assessment instruments, paying special attention to their suitability for use in routine clinical practice. We emphasize areas where the available evidence allows the clinician to personalize the management of anxiety conditions, and we point out key unmet needs. Overall, the evidence suggests that we are becoming able to move from simply recommending that anxiety and related disorders be treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or their combination, to a more complex approach which emphasizes that the clinician has a broadening array of management modalities available, and that the treatment of anxiety and related disorders can already be personalized in a number of important respects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Stein
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Naomi A Fineberg
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, and Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hatfield, UK
- University of Cambridge Clinical Medical School, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter de Jonge
- Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David S Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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31
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Ramasubbu R, McAusland L, Chopra S, Clark DL, Bewernick BH, Kiss ZHT. Personality changes with subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation in patients with treatment-resistant depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E490-E499. [PMID: 34609949 PMCID: PMC8519494 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.210028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising investigational approach for treatment-resistant depression. However, reports suggesting changes in personality with DBS for movement disorders have raised clinical and ethical concerns. We prospectively examined changes in personality dimensions and antidepressant response to subcallosal cingulate (SCC)-DBS for treatment-resistant depression. METHODS Twenty-two patients with treatment-resistant depression underwent SCC-DBS. We used the NEO Five-Factor Inventory for personality assessment at baseline and every 3 months until 15 months post-DBS. We assessed depression severity monthly using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS We found a significant decrease in neuroticism (p = 0.002) and an increase in extraversion (p = 0.001) over time, showing a change toward normative data. Improvement on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was correlated with decreases in neuroticism at 6 months (p = 0.001) and 12 months (p < 0.001), and with an increase in extraversion at 12 months (p = 0.01). Changes on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale over time had a significant covariate effect on neuroticism (p < 0.001) and extraversion (p = 0.001). Baseline openness and agreeableness predicted response to DBS at 6 (p = 0.006) and 12 months (p = 0.004), respectively. LIMITATIONS Limitations included a small sample size, a lack of sham control and the use of subjective personality evaluation. CONCLUSION We observed positive personality changes following SCC-DBS, with reduced neuroticism and increased extraversion related to clinical improvement in depression, suggesting a state effect. As well, pretreatment levels of openness and agreeableness may have predicted subsequent response to DBS. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory assessment may have a role in clinical decision-making and prognostic evaluation in patients with treatment-resistant depression who undergo SCC-DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamannar Ramasubbu
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta (Ramasubbu, McAusland, Chopra, Clark, Kiss); the Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta (Ramasubbu, McAusland, Clark, Kiss); the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta (Ramasubbu, McAusland, Chopra, Clark, Kiss); the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta (Ramasubbu, Chopra, Clark, Kiss); The Department of Geriatric Psychiatry and Section for Medical Psychology of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (Bewernick)
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32
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Charzyńska E, Sussman S, Atroszko PA. Profiles of potential behavioral addictions' severity and their associations with gender, personality, and well-being: A person-centered approach. Addict Behav 2021; 119:106941. [PMID: 33915392 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addictions share common etiological factors associated with personality vulnerabilities such as narcissism or emotional instability. Also, there are gender differences in the type of and risk for addiction (e.g., men may be more prone to addictions, overall). These are considerably less understood in relation to behavioral addictions (BAs) than in substance use disorders. This study aimed to investigate associations between profiles of six potential BAs (study, shopping, gaming, Facebook, pornography, and food) and gender, personality, and well-being among Polish emerging adults, as a partial replication and extension of previous work. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE In a paper-and-pencil cross-sectional study, 1182 Polish undergraduate students (mean age = 20.33 years; SD = 1.68) completed questionnaires measuring six potential BAs alongside questions on demographic variables, personality traits (Big Five, narcissism), and well-being indicators (general quality of life, health quality, sleep quality, perceived stress, anxiety, and hopelessness). RESULTS Using latent profile analysis, four profiles were identified: (1) elevated levels of study, Facebook, shopping, and food addictions; (2) elevated levels of gaming and pornography addictions; (3) low or average levels of all potential BAs, and (4) highest levels of all potential BAs. The second and fourth profiles included men predominantly, and the first profile included almost exclusively women. The fourth profile, in comparison to all other profiles, demonstrated significantly higher scores on all potential BAs, narcissism, lowest conscientiousness and emotional stability, and lowest well-being. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there is a general proclivity to potential BAs. Furthermore, there are gender-specific profiles of potential BAs, which at present are poorly understood.
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Magal N, Hendler T, Admon R. Is neuroticism really bad for you? Dynamics in personality and limbic reactivity prior to, during and following real-life combat stress. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100361. [PMID: 34286052 PMCID: PMC8274340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The personality trait of neuroticism is considered a risk factor for stress vulnerability, putatively via its association with elevated limbic reactivity. Nevertheless, majority of evidence to date that relates neuroticism, neural reactivity and stress vulnerability stems from cross-sectional studies conducted in a “stress-free” environment. Here, using a unique prospective longitudinal design, we assessed personality, stress-related symptoms and neural reactivity at three time points over the course of four and a half years; accounting for prior to, during, and long-time following a stressful military service that included active combat. Results revealed that despite exposure to multiple potentiality traumatic events, majority of soldiers exhibited none-to-mild levels of posttraumatic and depressive symptoms during and following their military service. In contrast, a quadratic pattern of change in personality emerged overtime, with neuroticism being the only personality trait to increase during stressful military service and subsequently decrease following discharge. Elevated neuroticism during military service was associated with reduced amygdala and hippocampus activation in response to stress-related content, and this association was also reversed following discharge. A similar pattern was found between neuroticism and hippocampus-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) functional connectivity in response to stress-related content. Taken together these findings suggest that stressful military service at young adulthood may yield a temporary increase in neuroticism mediated by a temporary decrease in limbic reactivity, with both effects being reversed long-time following discharge. Considering that participants exhibited low levels of stress-related symptoms throughout the study period, these dynamic patterns may depict behavioral and neural mechanisms that facilitate stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Magal
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- Tel-Aviv Center for Brain Function, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Roee Admon
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Herbert C, El Bolock A, Abdennadher S. How do you feel during the COVID-19 pandemic? A survey using psychological and linguistic self-report measures, and machine learning to investigate mental health, subjective experience, personality, and behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic among university students. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:90. [PMID: 34078469 PMCID: PMC8170461 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The WHO has raised concerns about the psychological consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic, negatively affecting health across societies, cultures and age-groups. Methods This online survey study investigated mental health, subjective experience, and behaviour (health, learning/teaching) among university students studying in Egypt or Germany shortly after the first pandemic lockdown in May 2020. Psychological assessment included stable personality traits, self-concept and state-like psychological variables related to (a) mental health (depression, anxiety), (b) pandemic threat perception (feelings during the pandemic, perceived difficulties in describing, identifying, expressing emotions), (c) health (e.g., worries about health, bodily symptoms) and behaviour including perceived difficulties in learning. Assessment methods comprised self-report questions, standardized psychological scales, psychological questionnaires, and linguistic self-report measures. Data analysis comprised descriptive analysis of mental health, linguistic analysis of self-concept, personality and feelings, as well as correlational analysis and machine learning. N = 220 (107 women, 112 men, 1 = other) studying in Egypt or Germany provided answers to all psychological questionnaires and survey items. Results Mean state and trait anxiety scores were significantly above the cut off scores that distinguish between high versus low anxious subjects. Depressive symptoms were reported by 51.82% of the student sample, the mean score was significantly above the screening cut off score for risk of depression. Worries about health (mental and physical health) and perceived difficulties in identifying feelings, and difficulties in learning behaviour relative to before the pandemic were also significant. No negative self-concept was found in the linguistic descriptions of the participants, whereas linguistic descriptions of feelings during the pandemic revealed a negativity bias in emotion perception. Machine learning (exploratory) predicted personality from the self-report data suggesting relations between personality and subjective experience that were not captured by descriptive or correlative data analytics alone. Conclusion Despite small sample sizes, this multimethod survey provides important insight into mental health of university students studying in Egypt or Germany and how they perceived the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in May 2020. The results should be continued with larger samples to help develop psychological interventions that support university students across countries and cultures to stay psychologically resilient during the pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00574-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Herbert
- Applied Emotion and Motivation Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Alia El Bolock
- Applied Emotion and Motivation Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Computer Science Department, Faculty of Media Engineering and Technology, German University in Cairo - GUC, New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Slim Abdennadher
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Media Engineering and Technology, German University in Cairo - GUC, New Cairo City, Egypt
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Ka L, R E, K W, G J, Lje B. Associations between Facets and Aspects of Big Five Personality and Affective Disorders:A Systematic Review and Best Evidence Synthesis. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:175-188. [PMID: 33901698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Big Five personality traits correlate with affective disorders, with neuroticism considered a risk factor, and conscientiousness and extroversion considered protective factors. However, the relationships between affective disorders and lower-order personality facets and aspects are less clear. METHOD A systematic review was carried out to identify studies measuring associations between lower-order personality constructs and affective disorders. Big Five facets were measured using the NEO-PI-R, and aspects using the BFAS. PsycINFO, EMBASE, MedLine and OpenGrey were searched from January 1st, 1985 to June 30th, 2020. Fifteen studies met criteria and reported a total of 408 associations. Data were analysed using best evidence synthesis. RESULTS Most facets of neuroticism were positively associated with affective disorders. Positive emotion in extroversion, and competence and self-discipline in conscientiousness, were negatively associated with affective disorders. Trust in agreeableness, and actions in openness, were negatively associated with anxiety disorders, whereas fantasy in openness was positively associated with anxiety disorders. At the aspect level, withdrawal in neuroticism was positively associated with MDD, whereas industriousness in conscientiousness was negatively associated with MDD. LIMITATIONS Due to the use the heterogenous measures between studies, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Only Big Five personality constructs were investigated, limited to BFAS personality aspects, and NEO-PI-R personality facets. CONCLUSIONS Neuroticism, positive emotion, competence and self-discipline correlate with various anxiety and depressive disorders. These facets may be endophenotypes for affective disorders in general. Future research is needed to investigate mediating pathways between personality facets and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyon Ka
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, M13 9PG.
| | - Elliott R
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, M13 9PG
| | - Ware K
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL
| | - Juhasz G
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brown Lje
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL
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Üngür G, Karagözoğlu C. Do personality traits have an impact on anxiety levels of athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic? CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 9:246-257. [PMID: 38013962 PMCID: PMC10658853 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sports world is one of the sectors most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Athletes from specific sport disciplines have experienced the new situation in different ways. Therefore, understanding their individual experiences and psychological responses may help to design better intervention programs. Accordingly, this study investigated the relationship between athletes' personality traits and anxiety in the light of their individual experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The COVID-19 impact questionnaire, Big Five Inventory-35, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered to 321 male and 168 female athletes in Turkey from various sport disciplines. At the time of data collection, training and competitions had been canceled in all sports for two months. RESULTS Most athletes (70.7%) were worried about being infected with SARS-CoV-2 if competitions were to restart soon. The regression analyses revealed that emotional stability, extroversion, and age were negative predictors of state anxiety; emotional stability, extroversion, and conscientiousness were negative predictors of trait anxiety; agreeableness was a positive predictor of state anxiety. Athletes who perceived that their relationships with family or close friends worsened during home confinement (17.2%) had significantly higher state anxiety and trait anxiety scores than those who perceived a positive relationship change (28%) or no relationship change (54.8%). The agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability scores of athletes who perceived a negative relationship change with family or close friends were also significantly lower than for athletes who perceived no change or a positive change. CONCLUSIONS Overall, personality traits affected athletes' anxiety levels and their relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Üngür
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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37
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Lima MP, Moret-Tatay C, Irigaray TQ. Locus of control, personality and depression symptoms in cancer: Testing a moderated mediation model. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:489-500. [PMID: 33908672 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mediator role of locus of control on the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and the manifestation of depression symptoms in cancer outpatients. METHOD Participants consisted of 220 cancer outpatients (138 women and 82 men), evaluated individually at the hospital waiting room. The measures applied were as follows: The NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS The factor structure of NEO-FFI was reexamined. A moderated mediation model was found for the powerful others external locus of control (LOC), depression symptoms and extraversion and conscientiousness traits across sex. CONCLUSIONS Extraverted individuals can seek for others' support and use their attachments to find someone to guide them; conscientious patients can rely on their physician and follow every rule and orientation demanded, temporarily delegating to others the responsibility for their lives. All these strategies can help to decrease symptoms of depression. The perception of control can be taught, and it may be specifically relevant for mental health and in the performance of health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Polidoro Lima
- Post-Graduate Program in Psychology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmen Moret-Tatay
- MEB Lab, Faculty of Psychology, San Vicente Mártir Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,NESMOS, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tatiana Quarti Irigaray
- Post-Graduate Program in Psychology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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38
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Depressed or satisfied? The relationship between the dark triad traits, depression, and life satisfaction. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Mneimne M, Furr RM, Mendygal D, Law MK, Arnold EM, Fleeson W. Degree of Correspondence Between Retrospective and Proximal Reports of Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms, Symptom Triggers, and Emotions. J Pers Disord 2021; 35:1-20. [PMID: 30920939 PMCID: PMC10901452 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the degree of correspondence of retrospective reports of personality disorder symptoms, triggers, and emotions with reports closer in time to the actual experiences. Retrospective reports of symptoms, triggers, and emotions are heavily used in both clinical and research settings, yet no study has investigated the correspondence for symptoms or triggers of personality disorders. A total of 257 participants, including 75 with BPD, completed overlapping daily, weekly, monthly, and semi-annual questionnaires. Retrospective reports showed: (1) systematic biases, reporting fewer symptom and situational trigger occurrences, and greater emotion intensities; but (2) little unsystematic error, largely reproducing bias-adjusted individual levels of symptoms, situational triggers, and emotions (rs generally .70-.80). People with BPD did not retrospectively misremember their symptoms, triggers, or emotions much more than others. Thus, retrospective reports of symptoms, triggers, and emotions should be adjusted for systematic bias, but after such adjustment can be taken as relatively faithful accounts of individuals' experiences.
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40
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Santesteban-Echarri O, MacQueen G, Goldstein BI, Wang J, Kennedy SH, Bray S, Lebel C, Addington J. Personality and risk for serious mental illness. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:133-139. [PMID: 31910491 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM Certain personality traits may be related to an increased risk of developing a severe mental illness (SMI). This study examined differences in personality characteristics in a sample of youth at-risk of SMI across different clinical stages compared to healthy controls (HCs). METHOD Personality characteristics were assessed with the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory-3 for 41 non-help seeking asymptomatic youth with risk factors for SMI (Stage 0), 52 youth with early mood and anxiety symptoms and distress (Stage 1a), 108 youth with an attenuated psychiatric syndrome (Stage 1b), and 42 HCs. RESULTS Symptomatic participants scored significantly higher in neuroticism, and lower in extraversion, and conscientiousness compared to non-symptomatic participants. Compared to published norms, symptomatic participants had ratings of extraversion and conscientiousness in the low range and those with attenuated psychiatric syndromes scored high on neuroticism. CONCLUSION The observed personality profiles of the symptomatic stages were similar to reported profiles for discrete disorders. Early identification of this profile could aid identification of those at risk of SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Santesteban-Echarri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glenda MacQueen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - JianLi Wang
- Work & Mental Health Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Chair in Suicide and Depression Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child & Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Child & Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Tu TTH, Watanabe M, Suga T, Hong C, Takao C, Takenoshita M, Motomura H, Toyofuku A. Personality Traits in Burning Mouth Syndrome Patients With and Without a History of Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:659245. [PMID: 34393842 PMCID: PMC8358652 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.659245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: So far, the strong link between neuroticism, chronic pain, and depression has been well-documented in literatures. Some suggested that they might share etiological factors, thus resulting in overlapping constructs. However, such effect has never been tested in burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients, a complex phenomenon influenced by both neuropathic and psychopathological factors. We aim to clarify how personality affects individual's pain and pain-related experiences. Methods: Two hundred forty-eight patients with BMS provided demographic information and psychiatric history; completed Ten-Item Personality Inventory, a Visual Analog Scale of pain, and McGill Pain Questionnaire; and provided adequate parameters of depressive state, catastrophizing thinking, and central sensitization. Results: BMS patients with depression history suffered more severe clinical symptoms and scored higher in neuroticism and less in openness and extraversion than did those without psychiatric diagnoses. After age, sex, and duration of pain were controlled, neuroticism in BMS patients with depression correlates with affective dimension of pain. Instead, if psychiatric history is absent, neuroticism correlates with sensory dimension and pain intensity. In both groups, higher neuroticism, unlike other personality facets, contributed to a more severe clinical condition. Conclusion: Of the five traits, neuroticism appears to be the most crucial dimension associated with the pain symptoms and patient's conditions. This study implies that management of pain must extend beyond solely providing pain-relieving medication and must require a holistic and multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Huyen Tu
- Department of Psychosomatic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Watanabe
- Department of Psychosomatic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suga
- Department of Psychosomatic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chaoli Hong
- Department of Psychosomatic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takao
- Department of Psychosomatic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Takenoshita
- Department of Psychosomatic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Motomura
- Department of Psychosomatic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Toyofuku
- Department of Psychosomatic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kennair LEO, Solem S, Hagen R, Havnen A, Nysaeter TE, Hjemdal O. Change in personality traits and facets (Revised NEO Personality Inventory) following metacognitive therapy or cognitive behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:872-881. [PMID: 33338315 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to discover whether psychological treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was associated with changes in the big five personality traits and their facets. METHOD Patients with GAD were randomized either to receive cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT, n = 28) or metacognitive therapy (MCT, n = 32). Before and after 12 sessions of treatment, 55 of the patients completed the full Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) (240 items). RESULTS Patients with GAD showed a personality profile with high Neuroticism and lower Extraversion and Openness. Treatment across conditions was associated with significant reduction in Neuroticism and increased Extraversion and Openness. There were no significant changes in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. However, their facets of Actions and Trust increased. Post-treatment levels of neuroticism were associated with symptoms of worry before and after therapy, whereas post-treatment extraversion was related to depressive symptoms after treatment. MCT was associated with greater reduction of Neuroticism than CBT. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that efficient treatment for a specific disorder resulted in changes across NEO-PI-R factors and facets and that more efficient treatment results in greater change. If this reflects a reduced trait vulnerability for mental disorder, this might provide evidence of relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stian Solem
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roger Hagen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Audun Havnen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Spinhoven P, van der Does W, Ormel J, Zitman FG, Penninx BWJH. Confounding of Big Five Personality Assessments in Emotional Disorders by Comorbidity and Current Disorder. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Foremost cross–sectional studies of personality in common mental disorders show similar Big Five trait profiles [i.e. high neuroticism (N), low conscientiousness (C) and low extraversion (E)]. It remains undecided whether this lack of distinct personality profiles is partly due to comorbidity among disorders or contamination by current state. Using data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, we investigated 1046 participants with panic disorder (PD), social anxiety disorder (SAD) and/or major depressive disorder (MDD) and 474 healthy controls. Personality traits at baseline and two–year follow–up were assessed with the NEO–Five Factor Inventory. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to determine the presence of emotional disorders at baseline and at two–year follow–up; the Life Chart Interview determined symptom severity in the month prior to baseline and during follow–up. By analysing pure cases and investigating the effects in remitted cases, PD participants were found to be higher in N, but not lower in E and C than controls. Pure PD participants were also lower in N and higher in E than SAD and MDD participants. Both SAD and MDD participants were characterized by high levels of N and low levels of E, irrespective of comorbidity or current disorder state. Future studies should be more attentive to confounding of personality profiles by comorbidity and state effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Spinhoven
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G. Zitman
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda WJH Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cortical surface area alterations shaped by genetic load for neuroticism. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3422-3431. [PMID: 30185937 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism has been shown to act as an important risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD). Genetic and neuroimaging research has independently revealed biological correlates of neurotic personality including cortical alterations in brain regions of high relevance for affective disorders. Here we investigated the influence of a polygenic score for neuroticism (PGS) on cortical brain structure in a joint discovery sample of n = 746 healthy controls (HC) and n = 268 MDD patients. Findings were validated in an independent replication sample (n = 341 HC and n = 263 MDD). Subgroup analyses stratified for case-control status and analyses of associations between neurotic phenotype and cortical measures were carried out. PGS for neuroticism was significantly associated with a decreased cortical surface area of the inferior parietal cortex, the precuneus, the rostral cingulate cortex and the inferior frontal gyrus in the discovery sample. Similar associations between PGS and surface area of the inferior parietal cortex and the precuneus were demonstrated in the replication sample. Subgroup analyses revealed negative associations in the latter regions between PGS and surface area in both HC and MDD subjects. Neurotic phenotype was negatively correlated with surface area in similar cortical regions including the inferior parietal cortex and the precuneus. No significant associations between PGS and cortical thickness were detected. The morphometric overlap of associations between both PGS and neurotic phenotype in similar cortical regions closely related to internally focused cognition points to the potential relevance of genetically shaped cortical alterations in the development of neuroticism.
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Prince EJ, Siegel DJ, Carroll CP, Sher KJ, Bienvenu OJ. A longitudinal study of personality traits, anxiety, and depressive disorders in young adults. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2020; 34:299-307. [PMID: 33190525 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1845431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How personality traits, anxiety, and depressive disorders relate longitudinally has implications for etiologic research and prevention. We sought to determine how neuroticism and extraversion relate to first-onset anxiety and depressive disorders in young adults. DESIGN An inception cohort of 489 university freshmen was followed for 6 years. METHOD Participants self-reported personality traits using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Anxiety and depressive disorders were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. RESULTS Baseline neuroticism predicted first-onset panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), while introversion predicted first-onset agoraphobia (moderate-large effects). Participants who developed panic disorder, agoraphobia, GAD, or MDD had increases in neuroticism if the disorder was current at follow-up (moderate-large effects). Participants who developed MDD but were in remission by follow-up had a moderate increase in neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS High neuroticism in young adulthood is either a true risk factor, or marker of risk, for first-onset anxiety and depressive disorders, as is low extraversion for agoraphobia. The current data suggest large neuroticism "state" effects for panic disorder, agoraphobia, and MDD, and moderate "scar" effects from MDD. Though many clinicians and researchers regard personality traits simply as "vulnerability" factors, longitudinal analyses suggest additional complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Prince
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Daniel J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - C Patrick Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - O Joseph Bienvenu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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Kruisdijk F, Hopman-Rock M, Beekman ATF, Hendriksen IJM. Personality traits as predictors of exercise treatment adherence in major depressive disorder: lessons from a randomised clinical trial. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2020; 24:380-386. [PMID: 32657194 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1787452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the determinants of adherence in the EFFORT-D (EFFect Of Running Therapy) study in a specialised mental health care hospital setting. METHODS Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were given treatment as usual and half were randomised to an exercise intervention. Adherence was measured at 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T6) and was defined as participation in the overall study protocol (total n = 42, adhered n = 28) or intervention (total n = 24, adhered n = 9). Potential determinants were age, BMI, tobacco and alcohol use, severity of depression, anxiety, fitness (VO2max kg-1 and Wmax kg-1) and personality traits at baseline. ANOVA, Chi-square tests and block-wise logistic regression were performed, and reliability of the scales was determined. RESULTS Numbers were found too low for analyses on smoking, drinking and anxiety. Higher agreeableness was significantly associated with better adherence to the overall study protocol (OR 1.2; p = 0.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.4) and severity of depression was negatively associated with adherence in the intervention group (OR 0.70; p = 0.046;95% CI: 0.49-0.99). CONCLUSIONS To adhere to a study protocol involving exercise or to a clinical exercise programme, MDD patients need substantial personal support. Measurement of personality traits and the severity of depression as potential predictors of adherence could be considered for this purpose. Keypoints Adherence to exercise and study protocols in a randomised controlled trial was low Patients with severe major depressive disorder need substantial personal support Measurement of personality traits could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kruisdijk
- GGz Centraal Innova, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.,Body@Work, TNO-VU University Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Hopman-Rock
- Body@Work, TNO-VU University Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aartjan T F Beekman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid J M Hendriksen
- Body@Work, TNO-VU University Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
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47
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Lyon KA, Juhasz G, Brown LJE, Elliott R. Big Five personality facets explaining variance in anxiety and depressive symptoms in a community sample. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:515-521. [PMID: 32663984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality traits are risk and protective factors in affective disorders. However, few studies have investigated the role of narrow personality facets, with existing research yielding contradictory results. Previous research has mostly focused on simple correlations. Several studies have performed separate multiple regressions within each trait, and have used non-standard measures of personality, making it difficult to determine how individual facets make unique contributions. METHOD This study performed secondary analysis of the NewMood data set (collected 2004-2009), comprising 264 participants from Greater Manchester. Participants provided self-reports of all NEO-PI-R personality facets, and semi-structured questionnaires of clinical depression and anxiety. All personality facets were entered into multiple regressions to explain variance in depression and anxiety. RESULTS Variance in both anxiety and depression were explained by a small number of personality facets, namely facet depression (referring to demotivation), facets positive emotion and assertiveness in extroversion, and facet competence in conscientiousness. LIMITATIONS This study relies on cross-sectional data and cannot determine causation. This study uses a mostly female sample, and the results were not stratified by sex due to the small sample. CONCLUSION Previous studies suggest that broad trait neuroticism positively associates with affective disorders; this study adds that the effect of neuroticism is limited to facet depression (related to demotivation). Contrary to previous studies, no facet of agreeableness or openness explained variance in affective disorders, and facet assertiveness positively associated with affective disorder scores. These findings may help to improve treatment matching and explain the mechanisms through which affective disorders develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Lyon
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, G.803 Stopford Building Oxford Road, M13 9PG, United Kingdom.
| | - G Juhasz
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, G.803 Stopford Building Oxford Road, M13 9PG, United Kingdom; SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L J E Brown
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Elliott
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, G.803 Stopford Building Oxford Road, M13 9PG, United Kingdom
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48
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Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Lee JH, Sesker AA, Strickhouser JE, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. Change in five-factor model personality traits during the acute phase of the coronavirus pandemic. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237056. [PMID: 32760108 PMCID: PMC7410194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of the coronavirus and the strategies to slow it have disrupted just about every aspect of our lives. Such disruption may be reflected in changes in psychological function. The present study used a pre-posttest design to test whether Five Factor Model personality traits changed with the coronavirus outbreak in the United States. Participants (N = 2,137) were tested in early February 2020 and again during the President’s 15 Days to Slow the Spread guidelines. In contrast to the preregistered hypotheses, Neuroticism decreased across these six weeks, particularly the facets of Anxiety and Depression, and Conscientiousness did not change. Interestingly, there was some evidence that the rapid changes in the social context had changed the meaning of an item. Specifically, an item about going to work despite being sick was a good indicator of conscientiousness before COVID-19, but the interpretation of it changed with the pandemic. In sum, the unexpected small decline in Neuroticism suggests that, during the acute phase of the coronavirus outbreak, feelings of anxiety and distress may be attributed more to the pandemic than to one’s personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R. Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Amanda A. Sesker
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jason E. Strickhouser
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
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49
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Samuels J, Bienvenu OJ, Krasnow J, Wang Y, Grados MA, Cullen B, Goes FS, Maher B, Greenberg BD, McLaughlin NC, Rasmussen SA, Fyer AJ, Knowles JA, McCracken JT, Piacentini J, Geller D, Stewart SE, Murphy DL, Shugart YY, Riddle MA, Nestadt G. General personality dimensions, impairment and treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Personal Ment Health 2020; 14:186-198. [PMID: 31859455 PMCID: PMC7202992 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
General personality dimensions are associated with clinical severity and treatment response in individuals with depression and many anxiety disorders, but little is known about these relationships in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Individuals in the current study included 705 adults with OCD who had participated in family and genetic studies of the disorder. Participants self-completed the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Personality Inventory or Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Five-Factor Inventory-3. Relationships between personality scores, and subjective impairment and OCD treatment response, were evaluated. The odds of subjective impairment increased with (unit increase in) the neuroticism score (odds ratio, OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01-1.04; p < 0.01) and decreased with extraversion scores (OR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.96-0.99; p < 0.01). The odds of reporting a good response to serotonin/selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.04; p < 0.01) or cognitive behavioural therapy (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01-1.05; p < 0.01) increased with the extraversion score. The magnitude of these relationships did not change appreciably after adjusting for other clinical features related to one or more of the personality dimensions. The findings suggest that neuroticism and extraversion are associated with subjective impairment, and that extraversion is associated with self-reported treatment response, in individuals with OCD. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Samuels
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - O. Joseph Bienvenu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janice Krasnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marco A. Grados
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bernadette Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fernando S. Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicole C. McLaughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Steven A. Rasmussen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Abby J. Fyer
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA
| | - James A. Knowles
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - James T. McCracken
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John Piacentini
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dan Geller
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S. Evelyn Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Dennis L. Murphy
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (deceased)
| | - Yin-Yao Shugart
- Unit of Statistical Genomics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark A. Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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50
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Shao X, Zhu G. Associations Among Monoamine Neurotransmitter Pathways, Personality Traits, and Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:381. [PMID: 32477180 PMCID: PMC7237722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric disease requiring multidisciplinary approaches to identify specific risk factors and establish more efficacious treatment strategies. Although the etiology and pathophysiology of MDD are not clear until these days, it is acknowledged that they are almost certainly multifactorial and comprehensive. Monoamine neurotransmitter system dysfunction and specific personality traits are independent risk factors for depression and suicide. These factors also demonstrate complex interactions that influence MDD pathogenesis and symptom expression. In this review, we assess these relationships with the aim of providing a reference for the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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