1
|
Wolfson EJ, Fekete T, Loewenstein Y, Shriki O. Multi-scale entropy assessment of magnetoencephalography signals in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14680. [PMID: 38918430 PMCID: PMC11199523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe disruption in cognition and emotion, affecting fundamental human functions. In this study, we applied Multi-Scale Entropy analysis to resting-state Magnetoencephalography data from 54 schizophrenia patients and 98 healthy controls. This method quantifies the temporal complexity of the signal across different time scales using the concept of sample entropy. Results show significantly higher sample entropy in schizophrenia patients, primarily in central, parietal, and occipital lobes, peaking at time scales equivalent to frequencies between 15 and 24 Hz. To disentangle the contributions of the amplitude and phase components, we applied the same analysis to a phase-shuffled surrogate signal. The analysis revealed that most differences originate from the amplitude component in the δ, α, and β power bands. While the phase component had a smaller magnitude, closer examination reveals clear spatial patterns and significant differences across specific brain regions. We assessed the potential of multi-scale entropy as a schizophrenia biomarker by comparing its classification performance to conventional spectral analysis and a cognitive task (the n-back paradigm). The discriminative power of multi-scale entropy and spectral features was similar, with a slight advantage for multi-scale entropy features. The results of the n-back test were slightly below those obtained from multi-scale entropy and spectral features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Wolfson
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 1 Ben-Gurion Blvd., Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - T Fekete
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 1 Ben-Gurion Blvd., Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Y Loewenstein
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences,The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences and The Federmann Center for the Study of Rationality, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O Shriki
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 1 Ben-Gurion Blvd., Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma CC, Lin YY, Chung YA, Park SY, Huang CCY, Chang WC, Chang HA. The two-back task leads to activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms: a fNIRS study and its implication for tDCS. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:585-597. [PMID: 38227007 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has shown some potential as an adjunctive intervention for ameliorating negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but its efficacy requires optimization. Recently, 'functional targeting' of stimulation holds promise for advancing tDCS efficacy by coupling tDCS with a cognitive task where the target brain regions are activated by that task and further specifically polarized by tDCS.The study used 48-channel functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) aiming to determine a cognitive task that can effectively induce a cortical activation of the left DLPFC in schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms before running a tDCS trial. Sixty schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms completed measures of clinical and psychosocial functioning characteristics and assessments across cognitive domains. Hemodynamic changes during n-back working memory tasks with different cognitive loads (1-back and 2-back) and verbal fluency test (VFT) were measured using fNIRS. For n-back tasks, greater signal changes were found when the task required elevated cognitive load. One sample t-test revealed that only 2-back task elicited significant activation in left DLPFC (t = 4.23, FDR-corrected p = 0.0007). During VFT, patients failed to show significant task-related activity in left DLPFC (one sample t-test, t = -0.25, FDR-corrected p > 0.05). Our study implies that 2-back task can effectively activate left DLPFC in schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms. This neurophysiologically-validated task is considered highly potential to be executed in conjunction with high-definition tDCS for "functional targeting" of the left DLPFC to treat negative symptoms in a double-blind randomized sham-control trial, registered on ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (ID: NCT05582980).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Beitou Branch, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yue Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sonya Youngju Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Wei-Chou Chang
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Beitou Branch, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arihisa W, Kondo T, Yamaguchi K, Matsumoto J, Nakanishi H, Kunii Y, Akatsu H, Hino M, Hashizume Y, Sato S, Sato S, Niwa S, Yabe H, Sasaki T, Shigenobu S, Setou M. Lipid-correlated alterations in the transcriptome are enriched in several specific pathways in the postmortem prefrontal cortex of Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:403-413. [PMID: 37498306 PMCID: PMC10496066 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Schizophrenia is a chronic relapsing psychiatric disorder that is characterized by many symptoms and has a high heritability. There were studies showing that the phospholipid abnormalities in subjects with schizophrenia (Front Biosci, S3, 2011, 153; Schizophr Bull, 48, 2022, 1125; Sci Rep, 7, 2017, 6; Anal Bioanal Chem, 400, 2011, 1933). Disturbances in prefrontal cortex phospholipid and fatty acid composition have been reported in subjects with schizophrenia (Sci Rep, 7, 2017, 6; Anal Bioanal Chem, 400, 2011, 1933; Schizophr Res, 215, 2020, 493; J Psychiatr Res, 47, 2013, 636; Int J Mol Sci, 22, 2021). For exploring the signaling pathways contributing to the lipid changes in previous study (Sci Rep, 7, 2017, 6), we performed two types of transcriptome analyses in subjects with schizophrenia: an unbiased transcriptome analysis solely based on RNA-seq data and a correlation analysis between levels of gene expression and lipids. METHODS RNA-Seq analysis was performed in the postmortem prefrontal cortex from 10 subjects with schizophrenia and 5 controls. Correlation analysis between the transcriptome and lipidome from 9 subjects, which are the same samples in the previous lipidomics study (Sci Rep, 7, 2017, 6). RESULTS Extraction of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and further sequence and functional group analysis revealed changes in gene expression levels in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling and the complement system. In addition, a correlation analysis clarified alterations in ether lipid metabolism pathway, which is not found as DEGs in transcriptome analysis alone. CONCLUSIONS This study provided results of the integrated analysis of the schizophrenia-associated transcriptome and lipidome within the PFC and revealed that lipid-correlated alterations in the transcriptome are enriched in specific pathways including ether lipid metabolism pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Arihisa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular AnatomyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular AnatomyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
- International Mass Imaging CenterHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | | | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | | | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
- Department of Disaster PsychiatryInternational Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura HospitalToyohashiJapan
- Department of Community‐based Medical Education/Department of Community‐based MedicineNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical ScienceNagoyaJapan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
- Department of Disaster PsychiatryInternational Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | | | - Shumpei Sato
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchOsakaJapan
| | - Shinji Sato
- Business Development, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Shinagawa Grand Central TowerTokyoJapan
| | - Shin‐Ichi Niwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical CenterFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical PathophysiologyMedical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular AnatomyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
- International Mass Imaging CenterHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research CenterHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
- Department of AnatomyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Geissler C, Gauselmann P, Jilek C, Maus H, Frings C, Tempel T. A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study on the prefrontal correlates of cognitive offloading via a personal knowledge assistant. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13938. [PMID: 37626078 PMCID: PMC10457398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The saving of previously encoded information boosts both memory for subsequent information (saving-enhanced memory; SEM) as well as cognitive performance in general (saving-enhanced performance; SEP). These findings have been replicated in a setting that involves the assistance by an intelligent software that automatically structures and saves work content in an interactive sidebar. It is assumed that beneficial effects on cognitive performance due to (automatic) saving are caused by a reduction in current workload by means of cognitive offloading. We tested this assumption by measuring neural activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) via functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-once after saving and once after deleting of previously collected information that had to be recalled later-on. On a behavioral level, there was a brief benefit of saving. However, cognitive offloading became most apparent on a neural level: after saving, participants showed significantly lower activation in the right DLPFC. Also, the more participants benefited from cognitive offloading, the more they were able to re-access previously collected, saved information. Thus, fNIRS results indicated reduced mental load after saving, confirming the assumption that saving triggers cognitive offloading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Geissler
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Trier, 54286, Trier, Germany.
- Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ICAN), University of Trier, Trier, Germany.
| | | | - Christian Jilek
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Heiko Maus
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christian Frings
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Trier, 54286, Trier, Germany
- Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ICAN), University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Tobias Tempel
- Ludwigsburg University of Education, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yeung MK, Han YMY. Changes in task performance and frontal cortex activation within and over sessions during the n-back task. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3363. [PMID: 36849731 PMCID: PMC9971214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The n-back task is a popular paradigm for studying neurocognitive processing at varying working memory loads. Although much is known about the effects of load on behavior and neural activation during n-back performance, the temporal dynamics of such effects remain unclear. Here, we investigated the within- and between-session stability and consistency of task performance and frontal cortical activation during the n-back task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Forty healthy young adults performed the 1-back and 3-back conditions three times per condition. They then undertook identical retest sessions 3 weeks later (M = 21.2 days, SD = 0.9). Over the course of the task, activation in the participants' frontopolar, dorsomedial, dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and posterolateral frontal cortices was measured with fNIRS. We found significantly improved working memory performance (difference between 1-back and 3-back accuracies) over time both within and between sessions. All accuracy and reaction time measures exhibited good to excellent consistency within and across sessions. Additionally, changes in frontal oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) concentration were maintained over time across timescales, except that load-dependent (3-back > 1-back) HbO changes, particularly in the ventrolateral PFC, diminished over separate sessions. The consistency of fNIRS measures varied greatly, with changes in 3-back dorsolateral and ventrolateral HbO demonstrating fair-to-good consistency both within and between sessions. Overall, this study clarified the temporal dynamics of task performance and frontal activation during the n-back task. The findings revealed the neural mechanisms underlying the change in n-back task performance over time and have practical implications for future n-back research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Yeung
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Tai Po China
| | - Yvonne M. Y. Han
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hung Hom China ,grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hung Hom China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gallucci J, Pomarol-Clotet E, Voineskos AN, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Alonso-Lana S, Vieta E, Salvador R, Hawco C. Longer illness duration is associated with greater individual variability in functional brain activity in Schizophrenia, but not bipolar disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103269. [PMID: 36451371 PMCID: PMC9723315 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit greater inter-patient variability in functional brain activity during neurocognitive task performance. Some studies have shown associations of age and illness duration with brain function; however, the association of these variables with variability in brain function activity is not known. In order to better understand the progressive effects of age and illness duration across disorders, we examined the relationship with individual variability in brain activity. METHODS Neuroimaging and behavioural data were extracted from harmonized datasets collectively including 212 control participants, 107 individuals with bipolar disorder, and 232 individuals with schizophrenia (total n = 551). Functional activity in response to an N-back working memory task (2-back vs 1-back) was examined. Individual variability was quantified via the correlational distance of fMRI activity between participants; mean correlational distance of one participant in relation to all others was defined as a 'variability score'. RESULTS Greater individual variability was found in the schizophrenia group compared to the bipolar disorder and control groups (p = 1.52e-09). Individual variability was significantly associated with aging (p = 0.027), however, this relationship was not different across diagnostic groups. In contrast, in the schizophrenia sample only, a longer illness duration was associated with increased variability (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION An increase in variability was observed in the schizophrenia group related to illness duration, beyond the effects of normal aging, implying illness-related deterioration of cognitive networks. This has clinical implications for considering long-term trajectories in schizophrenia and progressive neural and cognitive decline which may be amiable to novel treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gallucci
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amalia Guerrero-Pedraza
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Research Centre and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades – Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Corresponding authors at: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Does Hypnotizability Affect Neurovascular Coupling During Cognitive Tasks? Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113915. [PMID: 35843420 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility to hypnosis is a very pervasive psychophysiological trait characterized by different attentional abilities, information processing, and cardiovascular control. Since near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a good index of neurovascular coupling, we used it during mental computation (MC) and trail making task (TMT) in 13 healthy low-to-medium (med-lows) and 10 healthy medium-to-high hypnotizable (med-highs) participants classified according to the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale (SHSS), form A, and characterized for the level of proneness to be deeply absorbed in cognitive tasks by the Tellegen Absorption Scale (TAS). Med-highs reported greater absorption than med-lows. The tissue hemoglobin index (THI) and the tissue oxygenation index (TOI) increased across the tasks only in med-highs who displayed also different time courses of THI and TOI during MC and TMT, which indicates different tasks processing despite the two groups' similar performance. The findings suggest that the med-highs' tissue oxygenation is more finely adjusted to metabolic demands than med-lows'.
Collapse
|
8
|
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 in infralimbic cortex modulates social stress-altered decision-making. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 116:110523. [PMID: 35122897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress could lead to a bias in behavioral strategies toward habits. However, it remains unclear which neuronal system modulates stress-induced behavioral abnormality during decision making. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which has been implicated in governing strategy choice, is involved in the response to stress. The present study aimed to clarify whether altered function in cortical CRF receptors is linked to abnormal behaviors after chronic stress. In results, mice subjected to a 10-day social defeat preferred to use a habitual strategy. The infralimbic cortex (IL), but not the prelimbic cortex (PL) or anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), showed higher cFos expression in stress-subjected mice than in control mice, which may be associated with habitual behavior choice. Furthermore, CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) agonist and antagonist infusion in IL during behavioral training mimicked and rescued stress-caused behavioral change in the decision-making assessment, respectively. An electrophysiological approach showed that the frequencies of both spontaneous IPSC and spontaneous EPSC, but not their amplitude, increased after stress and were modulated by CRFR1 agents. Further recordings revealed that an increased ratio of excitation to inhibition (E/I ratio) of IL by stress was rescued under conditions with CRFR1 antagonist. Collectively, these data indicate that CRFR1 plays a critical role in stress-permitted or enhanced glutamatergic and GABAergic presynaptic transmission in direct or indirect ways, as well as the modulation for E/I ratio in the IL. Thus, CRFR1 in the mPFC may be a proper target for treating cases of chronic stress-altered behavior.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sakurada T, Matsumoto M, Yamamoto SI. Individual Sensory Modality Dominance as an Influential Factor in the Prefrontal Neurofeedback Training for Spatial Processing: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:774475. [PMID: 35221936 PMCID: PMC8866872 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.774475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback is a neuromodulation technique used to improve brain function by self-regulating brain activity. However, the efficacy of neurofeedback training varies widely between individuals, and some participants fail to self-regulate brain activity. To overcome intersubject variation in neurofeedback training efficacy, it is critical to identify the factors that influence this type of neuromodulation. In this study, we considered that individual differences in cognitive ability may influence neurofeedback training efficacy and aimed to clarify the effect of individual working memory (WM) abilities, as characterized by sensory modality dominance, on neurofeedback training efficacy in healthy young adults. In particular, we focused on the abilities of individuals to retain internal (tactile or somatosensory) or external (visual) body information in their WM. Forty participants performed functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based neurofeedback training aimed at producing efficient and lower-level activity in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and frontopolar cortex. We carried out a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind study that compared WM ability before and after neurofeedback training. Individual WM ability was quantified using a target searching task that required the participants to retain spatial information presented as vibrotactile or visual stimuli. Participants who received feedback information based on their own prefrontal activity showed gradually decreasing activity in the right prefrontal area during the neurofeedback training and demonstrated superior WM ability during the target searching task with vibrotactile stimuli compared with the participants who performed dummy neurofeedback training. In comparison, left prefrontal activity was not influenced by the neurofeedback training. Furthermore, the efficacy of neurofeedback training (i.e., lower right prefrontal activity and better searching task performance) was higher in participants who exhibited tactile dominance rather than visual dominance in their WM. These findings indicate that sensory modality dominance in WM may be an influential neurophysiological factor in determining the efficacy of neurofeedback training. These results may be useful in the development of neurofeedback training protocols tailored to individual needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sakurada
- Department of Robotics, College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
- Functional Brain Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takeshi Sakurada,
| | - Mayuko Matsumoto
- Functional Brain Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Graduate School of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiroh Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Working Memory Performance under a Negative Affect Is More Susceptible to Higher Cognitive Workloads with Different Neural Haemodynamic Correlates. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070935. [PMID: 34356169 PMCID: PMC8308038 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of stress on task performance is complex, too much or too little stress negatively affects performance and there exists an optimal level of stress to drive optimal performance. Task difficulty and external affective factors are distinct stressors that impact cognitive performance. Neuroimaging studies showed that mood affects working memory performance and the correlates are changes in haemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We investigate the interactive effects of affective states and working memory load (WML) on working memory task performance and haemodynamic activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging on the PFC of healthy participants. We seek to understand if haemodynamic responses could tell apart workload-related stress from situational stress arising from external affective distraction. We found that the haemodynamic changes towards affective stressor- and workload-related stress were more dominant in the medial and lateral PFC, respectively. Our study reveals distinct affective state-dependent modulations of haemodynamic activity with increasing WML in n-back tasks, which correlate with decreasing performance. The influence of a negative effect on performance is greater at higher WML, and haemodynamic activity showed evident changes in temporal, and both spatial and strength of activation differently with WML.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yeung MK, Lee TL, Han YMY, Chan AS. Prefrontal activation and pupil dilation during n-back task performance: A combined fNIRS and pupillometry study. Neuropsychologia 2021; 159:107954. [PMID: 34252415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The n-back task is one of the most commonly used working memory (WM) paradigms in cognitive neuroscience. Converging evidence suggests activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and pupil dilation [a proxy for locus coeruleus (LC) activation] during this task. However, it remains unclear whether the lateral PFC and the LC are functionally associated during n-back task performance. This study's aim was to examine the relationship between changes in lateral PFC activity and the pupil diameter and to evaluate the effect of WM load on such relationship during the n-back task. Thirty-nine healthy young adults (10 males, 29 females) underwent a number n-back paradigm with 0- and 3-back conditions. Their prefrontal hemodynamics and changes in pupil size during task performance were simultaneously measured using a 16-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device and a wearable eye tracker. Young adults exhibited significant activation in the bilateral lateral PFC and significant increases in pupil size when the WM load was high (i.e., 3-back) but not low (i.e., 0-back) compared with the resting period. Interestingly, significant positive correlations were found between changes in lateral PFC activity and pupil size during the 0-back task only. These correlations tended to be stronger during the 0-back than the 3-back condition. Thus, the functional relationship between the lateral PFC and the LC may vary at different load levels during the n-back task. Our findings have important implications for neuropsychiatric research and support concurrent fNIRS and pupillometric measurements for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying WM processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, SAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz L Lee
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yvonne M Y Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, SAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong, China; Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-being, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yeung MK, Lee TL, Chan AS. Negative mood is associated with decreased prefrontal cortex functioning during working memory in young adults. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13802. [PMID: 33665829 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal-subcortical model of emotion regulation postulates that decreased prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning may underlie the emergence of clinical affective disorders. In addition, accumulated evidence suggests that there is considerable variability in negative affect in the nonclinical population. This study examined whether negative affective symptoms were associated with decreased PFC functioning in nonclinical young adults. Forty college students aged 18-24 years (ten males) underwent an n-back paradigm (i.e., a frontal executive task) with a working memory (WM) load (i.e., 3-back) and a vigilance control condition (i.e., 0-back) while their hemodynamics changes in the lateral and medial PFC on both sides were monitored using a 16-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. They also filled out the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) to estimate the levels of their negative emotions in the preceding week. Young adults exhibited an increased concentration of oxyhemoglobin and a decreased concentration of deoxyhemoglobin (i.e., activation), primarily in the lateral PFC, in response to the WM load (i.e., 3-back > 0-back). Importantly, higher DASS scores indicating higher levels of recent negative mood, especially depression and stress rather than anxiety symptoms, correlated with lower WM-related activation in the lateral PFC. Thus, recent negative mood is associated with decreased lateral PFC functioning during the executive control of WM in healthy young adults. Our findings suggest that decreased PFC functioning is also present in the nonclinical population with increased levels of negative mood and that fNIRS is a promising tool for elucidating individual differences in negative affective symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz L Lee
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar V, Nichenmetla S, Chhabra H, Sreeraj VS, Rao NP, Kesavan M, Varambally S, Venkatasubramanian G, Gangadhar BN. Prefrontal cortex activation during working memory task in schizophrenia: A fNIRS study. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 56:102507. [PMID: 33388563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurocognitive cognitive deficits including working memory (WM) impairment is a key component of schizophrenia (SCZ). Though a prefrontal cortex (PFC) abnormality is recognised to contribute to WM impairment, the exact nature of its neurobiological basis in SCZ is not well established. Functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging low-cost neuroimaging tool to study neuro-hemodynamics. In this background, we examined the hemodynamic activity during a WM task in schizophrenia using fNIRS. fNIRS was acquired during computerised N-back (zero-, one- & two-back) task in 15 SCZ patients and compared with 22 healthy controls. Performance in N-back test were calculated using signal detection theory alongside the mean reaction times. Concentration and latencies of oxy-, deoxy-, and totalhaemoglobin, and oxygen saturation were computed from 8*8 optodes positioned over bilateral PFC. SCZ performed poorly as measured by most of the WM parameters (p < 0.05). Lesser deoxyhemoglobin concentration (two > zero, at right BA10, p = 0.006) was noted in the right frontopolar cortex in SCZ surviving multiple-comparison correction. In addition, olanzapine equivalent doses correlated negatively with right frontopolar cortex activation (two > zero back, BA10, ρ = 0.70, p = 0.004) and better performance in two back (false alarm rate, ρ = 0.61, p = 0.015). A delayed but compensatory hyperactivation of right frontopolar cortex noted in SCZ may underlie the WM deficit in SCZ. Future studies are recommended to replicate the role of right frontopolar cortex in WM using larger samples and systematically explore the effect of antipsychotics on them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of mental health and neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
| | - Sonika Nichenmetla
- InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of mental health and neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Harleen Chhabra
- InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of mental health and neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Vanteemar S Sreeraj
- InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of mental health and neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Naren P Rao
- InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of mental health and neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Muralidharan Kesavan
- InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of mental health and neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Shivarama Varambally
- InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of mental health and neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of mental health and neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Bangalore N Gangadhar
- InSTAR Program, Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of mental health and neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Geissler CF, Schneider J, Frings C. Shedding light on the prefrontal correlates of mental workload in simulated driving: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:705. [PMID: 33436950 PMCID: PMC7804012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal mental workload plays a key role in driving performance. Thus, driver-assisting systems that automatically adapt to a drivers current mental workload via brain-computer interfacing might greatly contribute to traffic safety. To design economic brain computer interfaces that do not compromise driver comfort, it is necessary to identify brain areas that are most sensitive to mental workload changes. In this study, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy and subjective ratings to measure mental workload in two virtual driving environments with distinct demands. We found that demanding city environments induced both higher subjective workload ratings as well as higher bilateral middle frontal gyrus activation than less demanding country environments. A further analysis with higher spatial resolution revealed a center of activation in the right anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The area is highly involved in spatial working memory processing. Thus, a main component of drivers' mental workload in complex surroundings might stem from the fact that large amounts of spatial information about the course of the road as well as other road users has to constantly be upheld, processed and updated. We propose that the right middle frontal gyrus might be a suitable region for the application of powerful small-area brain computer interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörn Schneider
- Department of Computer Science, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Schneidershof, 54293, Trier, Germany
| | - Christian Frings
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Trier, 54286, Trier, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pati S, Saba K, Salvi SS, Tiwari P, Chaudhari PR, Verma V, Mukhopadhyay S, Kapri D, Suryavanshi S, Clement JP, Patel AB, Vaidya VA. Chronic postnatal chemogenetic activation of forebrain excitatory neurons evokes persistent changes in mood behavior. eLife 2020; 9:56171. [PMID: 32955432 PMCID: PMC7652419 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early adversity is a risk factor for the development of adult psychopathology. Common across multiple rodent models of early adversity is increased signaling via forebrain Gq-coupled neurotransmitter receptors. We addressed whether enhanced Gq-mediated signaling in forebrain excitatory neurons during postnatal life can evoke persistent mood-related behavioral changes. Excitatory hM3Dq DREADD-mediated chemogenetic activation of forebrain excitatory neurons during postnatal life (P2–14), but not in juvenile or adult windows, increased anxiety-, despair-, and schizophrenia-like behavior in adulthood. This was accompanied by an enhanced metabolic rate of cortical and hippocampal glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Furthermore, we observed reduced activity and plasticity-associated marker expression, and perturbed excitatory/inhibitory currents in the hippocampus. These results indicate that Gq-signaling-mediated activation of forebrain excitatory neurons during the critical postnatal window is sufficient to program altered mood-related behavior, as well as functional changes in forebrain glutamate and GABA systems, recapitulating aspects of the consequences of early adversity. Stress and adversity in early childhood can have long-lasting effects, predisposing people to mental illness and mood disorders in adult life. The weeks immediately before and after birth are critical for establishing key networks of neurons in the brain. Therefore, any disruption to these neural circuits during this time can be detrimental to emotional development. However, it is still unclear which cellular mechanisms cause these lasting changes in behavior. Studies in animals suggest that these long-term effects could result from abnormalities in a few signaling pathways in the brain. For example, it has been proposed that overstimulating the cells that activate circuits in the forebrain – also known as excitatory neurons – may contribute to the behavioral changes that persist into adulthood. To test this theory, Pati et al. used genetic engineering to modulate a signaling pathway in male mice, which is known to stimulate excitatory neurons in the forebrain. The experiments showed that prolonged activation of excitatory neurons in the first two weeks after birth resulted in anxious and despair-like behaviors as the animals aged. The mice also displayed discrepancies in how they responded to certain external sensory information, which is a hallmark of schizophrenia-like behavior. However, engineering the same changes in adolescent and adult mice had no effect on their mood-related behaviors. This animal study reinforces just how critical the first few weeks of life are for optimal brain development. It provides an insight into a possible mechanism of how disruption during this time could alter emotional behavior. The findings are also relevant to psychiatrists interested in the underlying causes of mental illness after early childhood adversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sthitapranjya Pati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Kamal Saba
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sonali S Salvi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Praachi Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Pratik R Chaudhari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Vijaya Verma
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sourish Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Darshana Kapri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Shital Suryavanshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - James P Clement
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anant B Patel
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vidita A Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Geissler CF, Domes G, Frings C. Shedding light on the frontal hemodynamics of spatial working memory using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Neuropsychologia 2020; 146:107570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Matsumoto M, Sakurada T, Yamamoto SI. Distinct bilateral prefrontal activity patterns associated with the qualitative aspect of working memory characterized by individual sensory modality dominance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238235. [PMID: 32845925 PMCID: PMC7449398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to quantitative individual differences in working memory (WM) capacity, qualitative aspects, such as enhanced sensory modality (modality dominance), can characterize individual WM ability. This study aimed to examine the neurological basis underlying the individual modality dominance component of WM using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). To quantify the degree of individual WM modality dominance, 24 participants were required to find seven hidden targets and hold their spatial location and appearance order with vibrotactile or visual stimuli aids. In this searching task, eight participants demonstrated higher performance with the tactile condition (tactile-dominant) whereas sixteen demonstrated visual dominance. We then measured prefrontal activity by fNIRS during memorization of visual stimulus numbers while finger tapping as a cognitive-motor dual-task. Individual modality dominance significantly correlated with bilateral frontopolar and dorsolateral prefrontal activity changes over repeated fNIRS sessions. In particular, individuals with stronger visual dominance showed marked decreases in prefrontal area activity. These results suggest that distinct processing patterns in the prefrontal cortex reflect an individual’s qualitative WM characteristics. Considering the individual modality dominance underlying the prefrontal areas could enhance cognitive or motor performance, possibly by optimizing cognitive resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Matsumoto
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
- Functional Brain Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurada
- Functional Brain Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shin-ichiroh Yamamoto
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Neurocognitive development of flanker and Stroop interference control: A near-infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Cogn 2020; 143:105585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
19
|
Excess Glutamate May Cause Dilation of Retinal Blood Vessels in Glutamate/Aspartate Transporter-Deficient Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6512195. [PMID: 31828115 PMCID: PMC6881573 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6512195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the longitudinal findings of fundus features and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to characterize the morphologic features in a mouse model of defective glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST−/− mice). Materials and Methods The fundus findings and SD-OCT images were longitudinally recorded at five time points from postnatal (P) 22 to P156 in GLAST−/− mice. As a control wild type, age-matched C57BL/6J mice were employed. The mouse retina was subdivided into five layers, and the thickness of each layer was longitudinally measured by InSight® using SD-OCT pictures. The SD-OCT findings were compared with the histologic appearances. The diameter of the retinal blood vessels was measured by the ImageJ® software program using SD-OCT images. The data were statistically compared between both age-matched mouse groups. Results The retinal blood vessels appeared more dilated in GLAST−/− mice than in wild-type mice. This tendency was statistically significant at all time points after P44 by analyses using SD-OCT images. The ganglion cell complex (GCC) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) were significantly thinner in GLAST−/− mice at all time points after P80 than in the wild-type mice. This tendency was more clearly indicated by SD-OCT than histologic sections. Discussion In the present study, we found for the first time the dilation of the retinal blood vessels and the thinning of the ONL in GLAST−/− mice, in addition to the thinning of the GCC.
Collapse
|
20
|
Right-lateralized frontal activation underlies successful updating of verbal working memory in adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Biol Psychol 2019; 148:107743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Bonetti LV, Hassan SA, Lau ST, Melo LT, Tanaka T, Patterson KK, Reid WD. Oxyhemoglobin changes in the prefrontal cortex in response to cognitive tasks: a systematic review. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:195-203. [PMID: 30173620 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1518906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY the aim of this study was to synthesize PFC fNIRS outcomes on the effects of cognitive tasks compared to resting/baseline tasks in healthy adults from studies utilizing a pre/post design. MATERIAL AND METHODS original research studies were searched from seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PEDro and PubMed). Subsequently, two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts followed by full-text reviews to assess the studies' eligibility. RESULTS eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and had data abstracted and quality assessed. Methodology varied considerably and yet cognitive tasks resulted in the ΔO2Hb increasing in 8 of the 11 and ΔHHb decreasing in 8 of 8 studies that reported this outcome. The cognitive tasks from 10 of the 11 studies were classified as "Working Memory" and "Verbal Fluency Tasks". CONCLUSIONS although, the data comparison was challenging provided the heterogeneity in methodology, the results across studies were similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Viçosa Bonetti
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.,b Department of Physical Therapy , Universidade de Caxias do Sul , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Syed A Hassan
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.,c Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Sin-Tung Lau
- d Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education , Wilfrid Laurier University , Waterloo , ON , Canada.,e Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Luana T Melo
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Takako Tanaka
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.,f Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Science , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Kara K Patterson
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.,c Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,e Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - W Darlene Reid
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.,c Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,e Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network , Toronto , ON , Canada.,g Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Krug A, Dietsche B, Zöllner R, Yüksel D, Nöthen MM, Forstner AJ, Rietschel M, Dannlowski U, Baune BT, Maier R, Witt SH, Kircher T. Polygenic risk for schizophrenia affects working memory and its neural correlates in healthy subjects. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:315-320. [PMID: 29409757 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder with a high heritability. Patients as well as their first degree relatives display lower levels of performance in a number of cognitive domains compared to subjects without genetic risk. Several studies could link these aberrations to single genetic variants, however, only recently, polygenic risk scores as proxies for genetic risk have been associated with cognitive domains and their neural correlates. In the present study, a sample of healthy subjects (n=137) performed a letter version of the n-back task while scanned with 3-T fMRI. All subjects were genotyped with the PsychChip and polygenic risk scores were calculated based on the PGC2 schizophrenia GWAS results. Polygenic risk for schizophrenia was associated with a lower degree of brain activation in prefrontal areas during the 3-back compared to the 0-back baseline condition. Furthermore, polygenic risk was associated with lower levels of brain activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus during the 3-back compared to a 2-back condition. Polygenic risk leads to a shift in the underlying activation pattern to the left side, thus resembling results reported in patients with schizophrenia. The data may point to polygenic risk for schizophrenia being associated with brain function in a cognitive task known to be impaired in patients and their relatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Bruno Dietsche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Zöllner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dilara Yüksel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland; Division of Medical Genetics and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert Maier
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yeung MK, Lee TL, Cheung WK, Chan AS. Frontal Underactivation During Working Memory Processing in Adults With Acute Partial Sleep Deprivation: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:742. [PMID: 29867694 PMCID: PMC5964163 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with partial sleep deprivation may have working memory (WM) impairment, but the underlying neural mechanism of this phenomenon is relatively unknown. The present study examined neural processing during WM performance in individuals with and without partial sleep deprivation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Forty college students (10 males) were equally split into Sufficient Sleep (SS) and Insufficient Sleep (IS) groups based on self-reports of previous night's sleep duration. Participants in the SS group obtained the recommended amounts of sleep according to various sleep organizations (i.e., >7.0 h), whereas those in the IS group obtained amounts of sleep no greater than the lower limit of the recommendation (i.e., ≤7.0 h). All participants underwent an n-back paradigm with a WM load (i.e., 3-back) and a control condition (i.e., 0-back) while their prefrontal hemodynamics were recorded by NIRS. The IS and SS groups performed the tasks comparably well. However, unlike the SS group, which exhibited bilateral frontal activation indicated by increased oxyhemoglobin concentration and decreased deoxyhemoglobin concentration during WM processing (i.e., 3-back > 0-back), the IS group did not exhibit such activation. In addition, levels of WM-related frontal activation, especially those on the left side, correlated with sleep duration the night before, even when habitual sleep duration was controlled for. The findings suggest the presence of frontal lobe dysfunction in the absence of evident WM difficulties in individuals with acute partial sleep deprivation. They also highlight the importance of a good night's sleep to brain health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz L Lee
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie K Cheung
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yeung MK, Sze SL, Woo J, Kwok T, Shum DHK, Yu R, Chan AS. Reduced Frontal Activations at High Working Memory Load in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 42:278-296. [PMID: 27784013 DOI: 10.1159/000450993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported altered activations in the frontal cortex during working memory (WM) performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the findings have been mixed. The objective of the present study was to utilize near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), an alternative imaging technique, to examine neural processing during WM performance in individuals with MCI. METHODS Twenty-six older adults with MCI (7 males; mean age 69.15 years) were compared with 26 age-, gender-, handedness-, and education-matched older adults with normal cognition (NC; 7 males; mean age 68.87 years). All of the participants undertook an n-back task with a low (i.e., 0-back) and a high (i.e., 2-back) WM load condition while their prefrontal dynamics were recorded by a 16-channel NIRS system. RESULTS Although behavioral results showed that the two groups had comparable task performance, neuroimaging results showed that the MCI group, unlike the NC group, did not exhibit significantly increased frontal activations bilaterally when WM load increased. Compared to the NC group, the MCI group had similar frontal activations at low load (p > 0.05 on all channels) but reduced activations at high load (p < 0.05 on 4 channels), thus failing to demonstrate WM-related frontal activations (p < 0.05 on 9 channels). In addition, we found a positive correlation between the left WM-related frontal activations and WM ability primarily in the NC group (rs = 0.42, p = 0.035), suggesting a relationship between frontal hypoactivation and WM difficulties. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest the presence of frontal dysfunction that is dependent on WM load in individuals with MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Koike S, Satomura Y, Kawasaki S, Nishimura Y, Kinoshita A, Sakurada H, Yamagishi M, Ichikawa E, Matsuoka J, Okada N, Takizawa R, Kasai K. Application of functional near infrared spectroscopy as supplementary examination for diagnosis of clinical stages of psychosis spectrum. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:794-806. [PMID: 28692185 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Research efforts aiming at neuroimaging-aided differential diagnosis for psychiatric disorders have been progressing rapidly. A previous multisite study has developed a supplementary diagnostic system using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) that can be easily applied to clinical settings. However, few neuroimaging biomarkers have been developed for the psychosis spectrum with various clinical stages. METHODS We employed the fNIRS as a clinical examination device for 143 participants, comprising 47 ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) individuals, 30 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 34 patients with chronic schizophrenia (ChSZ), and 33 healthy controls, who were independent of the previous study. A 12-month follow-up measurement was also carried out on 34 UHR individuals (72%), 21 patients with FEP (70%), and 33 controls. The fNIRS algorithm variables used for classification were the intensity and timing of prefrontal activation following the start of the cognitive task as used in the previous multisite study. RESULTS The discrimination rate by timing of activation was modest but it became acceptable after adjusting confounding factors. Discrimination by intensity of activation was not improved by similar adjustment. A total of 63.8%, 86.7%, and 81.3% patients were classified as UHR, FEP, and ChSZ, respectively; and 85.1%, 86.7%, and 71.9% of patients in these groups, respectively, were classified as being on the psychosis spectrum. In the follow-up measurement, 88.2% of individuals with UHR and 95.0% of patients with FEP were successfully classified into the psychosis spectrum group. CONCLUSION The fNIRS for supplementary clinical examination could be validly applied to differentiating people with the psychosis spectrum in various clinical stages. The fNIRS is a candidate biological marker for aiding diagnosis of psychosis spectrum in routine clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM).,Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shingo Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Application Development Office, Hitachi Medical Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Akihide Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hanako Sakurada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Mika Yamagishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Eriko Ichikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Jun Matsuoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryu Takizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kumar V, Shivakumar V, Chhabra H, Bose A, Venkatasubramanian G, Gangadhar BN. Functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) in schizophrenia: A review. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 27:18-31. [PMID: 28558892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The research on the alterations in functional connectivity in schizophrenia has been facilitated by development of an array of functional neuroimaging techniques. Functional Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a novel diffuse optical neuromonitring method with its own advantages and limitations. The advantages of fNIRS have made it to be frequently used as a research tool by medical community in different settings. In fNIRS the property of haemoglobin to absorb near infrared light is used to measure brain activity. It provides the indirect measurement of the neuronal activity in the areas of interest. The advantage of fNIRS being less restrictive has made it to be used more commonly in the research of psychiatric disorders in general, schizophrenia in particular. The fNIRS studies on patients with schizophrenia have shown haemodynamic hypo activation primarily in the prefrontal cortex during various cognitive tasks. In this review, initially we have briefly explained the basic principles of fNIRS followed by detailed review of fNIRS findings in patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Venkataram Shivakumar
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Harleen Chhabra
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anushree Bose
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Bangalore N Gangadhar
- The Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang J, Liu Q, Wydell TN, Liao J, Wang F, Quan W, Tian J, Wang P, Liu J, Dong W. Electrophysiological basis of reading related phonological impairment in Chinese speakers with schizophrenia: An ERP study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 261:65-71. [PMID: 28131010 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported in alphabetic languages that individuals with schizophrenia showed language-related cognitive impairments including phonological deficits, which were in turn associated with clinical symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and thought disorders. To date, however, the phonological deficits involved in schizophrenia in Chinese and its neural basis have not been well established. In order to establish such a relationship we conducted a behavioral study using lexical tone judgment and digit span tasks as well as an event-related potential (ERP) study with an auditory oddball paradigm, in particular, for P300 effects, the event-related brain potential (ERP) index of discrimination. Chinese patients with schizophrenia and Chinese healthy controls in China participated in the current study. Compared to the healthy controls, the patients with schizophrenia showed significant impairments in phonological processing skills, which in turn significantly correlated with smaller P300 effects. Thus these behavioral and electrophysiological findings in Chinese patients with schizophrenia were critically evaluated in terms of their phonological processing abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuju Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Taeko N Wydell
- Centre for Cognition and Neuroimaging, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Jinmin Liao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Wenxiang Quan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ju Tian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wentian Dong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Inoue M, Shoji Y, Ueno T, Morita K, Abe T, Uchimura N. Right hemispheric hyperfrontality in schizophrenia during a Shiritori task: An fMRI study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:213-214. [PMID: 28039921 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Fukuma Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Shoji
- Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takefumi Ueno
- Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.,Divison of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Morita
- Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toshi Abe
- Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Naohisa Uchimura
- Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hirayama-Kurogi M, Takizawa Y, Kunii Y, Matsumoto J, Wada A, Hino M, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Yamamoto S, Kondo T, Ito S, Tachikawa M, Niwa SI, Yabe H, Terasaki T, Setou M, Ohtsuki S. Downregulation of GNA13-ERK network in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia brain identified by combined focused and targeted quantitative proteomics. J Proteomics 2017; 158:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
30
|
Association between rostral prefrontal cortical activity and functional outcome in first-episode psychosis: a longitudinal functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Schizophr Res 2016; 170:304-10. [PMID: 26792296 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few biomarkers can be used easily and noninvasively to measure clinical condition and future outcome in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). To develop such biomarker using multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), cortical function in the prefrontal cortex was longitudinally measured during a verbal fluency task. METHODS Sixty-nine fNIRS measurements and 77 clinical assessments were obtained from 31 patients with FEP at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Sixty measurements were obtained from 30 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and premorbid IQ. We initially tested signal changes for 12 months, and then investigated the relationship between fNIRS signals and clinical assessments. RESULTS Signal changes from baseline to 12-month follow-up were not evident in any group. Patients with FEP had significant positive correlation coefficients between 6-month fNIRS signals and the 12-month Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score in the left middle frontal gyrus (FDR-corrected p=.0016-.0052, r=.65-.59). fNIRS signals at the 12-month follow-up were associated with 12-month GAF score in the bilateral superior and middle frontal gyri (FDR-corrected p=.00085-.018, r=.72-.55), and with the difference between baseline and 12-month GAF scores in the right superior frontal gyrus (FDR-corrected p=.000067-.00012, r=.80-.78). These associations were significant even after controlling for demographic variables. No association between baseline fNIRS signals and later GAF scores was found. DISCUSSION fNIRS measurement can potentially be used as a biomarker to aid sequential assessment of neuro-clinical conditions through the early stage of psychosis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Oh J, Chun JW, Joon Jo H, Kim E, Park HJ, Lee B, Kim JJ. The neural basis of a deficit in abstract thinking in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:66-73. [PMID: 26329118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal abstract thinking is a major cause of social dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia, but little is known about its neural basis. In this study, we aimed to determine the characteristic abstract thinking-related brain responses in patients using a task reflecting social situations. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging while 16 patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls performed a theme-identification task, in which various emotional pictures depicting social situations were presented. Compared with healthy controls, the patients showed significantly decreased activity in the left frontopolar and right orbitofrontal cortices during theme identification. Activity in these two regions correlated well in the controls, but not in patients. Instead, the patients exhibited a close correlation between activity in both sides of the frontopolar cortex, and a positive correlation between the right orbitofrontal cortex activity and degrees of theme identification. Reduced activity in the left frontopolar and right orbitofrontal cortices and the underlying aberrant connectivity may be implicated in the patients' deficits in abstract thinking. These newly identified features of the neural basis of abnormal abstract thinking are important as they have implications for the impaired social behavior of patients with schizophrenia during real-life situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Oh
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Chun
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Joon Jo
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eunseong Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boreom Lee
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kinoshita A, Takizawa R, Koike S, Satomura Y, Kawasaki S, Kawakubo Y, Marumo K, Tochigi M, Sasaki T, Nishimura Y, Kasai K. Effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor-3 variants on prefrontal brain activity in schizophrenia: An imaging genetics study using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 62:14-21. [PMID: 25914064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glutamatergic system is essential for learning and memory through its crucial role in neural development and synaptic plasticity. Genes associated with the glutamatergic system, including metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR or GRM) genes, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Few studies, however, have investigated a relationship between polymorphism of glutamate-related genes and cortical function in vivo in patients with schizophrenia. We thus explored an association between genetic variations in GRM3 and brain activation driven by a cognitive task in the prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one outpatients with schizophrenia and 48 healthy controls participated in this study. We measured four candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs274622, rs2299225, rs1468412, and rs6465084) of GRM3, and activity in the prefrontal and temporal cortices during a category version of a verbal fluency task, using a 52-channel near-infrared spectroscopy instrument. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The rs274622 C carriers with schizophrenia were associated with significantly smaller prefrontal activation than patients with TT genotype. This between-genotype difference tended to be confined to the patient group. GRM3 polymorphisms are associated with prefrontal activation during cognitive task in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryu Takizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shingo Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Application Development Office, Hitachi Medical Corporation, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-0804, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawakubo
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kohei Marumo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tochigi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Conditional neuroligin-2 knockout in adult medial prefrontal cortex links chronic changes in synaptic inhibition to cognitive impairments. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:850-9. [PMID: 25824299 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is consistently observed in neuropsychiatric disorders, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Chronic aberrant excitation and/or inhibition of mPFC neurons were proposed to cause cognitive impairments. However, direct evidence for this hypothesis is lacking because it is technically challenging to control synaptic properties in a chronic and locally restricted, yet specific, manner. Here, we generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice of neuroligin-2 (Nlgn2), a postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecule of inhibitory synapses linked to neuropsychiatric disorders. cKO of Nlgn2 in adult mPFC rendered Nlgn2 protein undetectable after already 2-3 weeks, but induced major reductions in synaptic inhibition after only 6-7 weeks, and caused parallel impairments in anxiety, fear memory and social interaction behaviors. Moreover, cKO of Nlgn2 severely impaired behavioral stimulation of immediate-early gene expression in the mPFC, suggesting that chronic reduction in synaptic inhibition uncoupled the mPFC from experience-dependent inputs. Our results indicate that Nlgn2 is required for continuous maintenance of inhibitory synapses in the adult mPFC, and that chronic impairment of local inhibition disengages the mPFC from its cognitive functions by partially uncoupling the mPFC from experience-induced inputs.
Collapse
|
34
|
Hansell NK, Halford GS, Andrews G, Shum DHK, Harris SE, Davies G, Franic S, Christoforou A, Zietsch B, Painter J, Medland SE, Ehli EA, Davies GE, Steen VM, Lundervold AJ, Reinvang I, Montgomery GW, Espeseth T, Hulshoff Pol HE, Starr JM, Martin NG, Le Hellard S, Boomsma DI, Deary IJ, Wright MJ. Genetic basis of a cognitive complexity metric. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123886. [PMID: 25860228 PMCID: PMC4393228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Relational complexity (RC) is a metric reflecting capacity limitation in relational processing. It plays a crucial role in higher cognitive processes and is an endophenotype for several disorders. However, the genetic underpinnings of complex relational processing have not been investigated. Using the classical twin model, we estimated the heritability of RC and genetic overlap with intelligence (IQ), reasoning, and working memory in a twin and sibling sample aged 15-29 years (N = 787). Further, in an exploratory search for genetic loci contributing to RC, we examined associated genetic markers and genes in our Discovery sample and selected loci for replication in four independent samples (ALSPAC, LBC1936, NTR, NCNG), followed by meta-analysis (N>6500) at the single marker level. Twin modelling showed RC is highly heritable (67%), has considerable genetic overlap with IQ (59%), and is a major component of genetic covariation between reasoning and working memory (72%). At the molecular level, we found preliminary support for four single-marker loci (one in the gene DGKB), and at a gene-based level for the NPS gene, having influence on cognition. These results indicate that genetic sources influencing relational processing are a key component of the genetic architecture of broader cognitive abilities. Further, they suggest a genetic cascade, whereby genetic factors influencing capacity limitation in relational processing have a flow-on effect to more complex cognitive traits, including reasoning and working memory, and ultimately, IQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narelle K. Hansell
- Neuroimaging Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Graeme S. Halford
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Australia
- Behavioural Basis of Health Program, Griffith Health Institute and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenda Andrews
- Behavioural Basis of Health Program, Griffith Health Institute and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - David H. K. Shum
- Behavioural Basis of Health Program, Griffith Health Institute and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sanja Franic
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Brendan Zietsch
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jodie Painter
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Quantitative Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Erik A. Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Gareth E. Davies
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astri J. Lundervold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Research on Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) and the K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John M. Starr
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- Neuroimaging Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Association between social functioning and prefrontal hemodynamic responses in elderly adults. Behav Brain Res 2014; 272:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
36
|
Ramey CH, Chrysikou EG. "Not in their right mind": the relation of psychopathology to the quantity and quality of creative thought. Front Psychol 2014; 5:835. [PMID: 25126084 PMCID: PMC4115613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The empirical link between psychopathology and creativity is often correlational and fraught with suspiciously causal interpretations. In this paper, we review research in favor of the position that certain forms of psychopathology that profoundly affect the neural substrates for rule-based thought (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) can significantly influence the quantity of creative production. Because highly productive individuals, irrespective of psychopathology, often produce work of greater quality, it seems that such an increase in the quantity of one’s output positively affects the likelihood of generating those statistically rare acts and achievements identified and celebrated as creative. We consider evidence that offers support for such a claim. In addition, we explore findings from neuroscience that can address how a neural mechanism, the flexibility of which relies on tradeoffs between rule-based (e.g., prefrontal cortex) and stimulus-based (e.g., sensorimotor cortex) brain regions, is influenced by psychopathology in ways that can alter dramatically the quantity and quality of creative output.
Collapse
|
37
|
Millan MJ, Fone K, Steckler T, Horan WP. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: clinical characteristics, pathophysiological substrates, experimental models and prospects for improved treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:645-92. [PMID: 24820238 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex and multifactorial disorder generally diagnosed in young adults at the time of the first psychotic episode of delusions and hallucinations. These positive symptoms can be controlled in most patients by currently-available antipsychotics. Conversely, they are poorly effective against concomitant neurocognitive dysfunction, deficits in social cognition and negative symptoms (NS), which strongly contribute to poor functional outcome. The precise notion of NS has evolved over the past century, with recent studies - underpinned by novel rating methods - suggesting two major sub-domains: "decreased emotional expression", incorporating blunted affect and poverty of speech, and "avolition", which embraces amotivation, asociality and "anhedonia" (inability to anticipate pleasure). Recent studies implicate a dysfunction of frontocortico-temporal networks in the aetiology of NS, together with a disruption of cortico-striatal circuits, though other structures are also involved, like the insular and parietal cortices, amygdala and thalamus. At the cellular level, a disruption of GABAergic-glutamatergic balance, dopaminergic signalling and, possibly, oxytocinergic and cannibinoidergic transmission may be involved. Several agents are currently under clinical investigation for the potentially improved control of NS, including oxytocin itself, N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor modulators and minocycline. Further, magnetic-electrical "stimulation" strategies to recruit cortical circuits and "cognitive-behavioural-psychosocial" therapies likewise hold promise. To acquire novel insights into the causes and treatment of NS, experimental study is crucial, and opportunities are emerging for improved genetic, pharmacological and developmental modelling, together with more refined readouts related to deficits in reward, sociality and "expression". The present article comprises an integrative overview of the above issues as a platform for this Special Issue of European Neuropsychopharmacology in which five clinical and five preclinical articles treat individual themes in greater detail. This Volume provides, then, a framework for progress in the understanding - and ultimately control - of the debilitating NS of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Pole of Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, Paris, France.
| | - Kevin Fone
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen׳s Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG72UH, UK
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - William P Horan
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, MIRECC 210A, Bldg. 210, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
A pilot study on the effects of cognitive remediation on hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortices of patients with schizophrenia: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study. Schizophr Res 2014; 153:87-95. [PMID: 24556471 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The regional neuronal changes taking place between before and after cognitive rehabilitation are still not characterized in schizophrenia patients. In addition, it is not known whether these regional changes are predictive or correlated with treatment response. We conducted a preliminary quasi-experimental study to investigate the effects of a Neuropsychological Educational Approach to Cognitive Remediation (NEAR), one of the cognitive remediation therapies, on neurocognitive functioning assessed by the Japanese version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS-J), and on prefrontal and temporal hemodynamic responses during working memory (WM) task (2-back, letter version) using 52-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We assessed 19 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder twice with an interval of 6months. Moreover, taking into consideration the possible practice effect, we assessed 12 control patients twice with an interval of 6months. The NEAR group, in comparison with the control group, showed significant improvement in two subcomponents of BACS-J, that is, motor speed and executive function along with the composite scores. The NEAR group also showed a significant increase in brain activation in the bilateral cortical regions associated with WM, and in comparison with the control group the between-group differences were restricted to the right frontopolar area. In addition, the amount of enhancement in some cognitive subcomponents was positively correlated with the magnitude of an increase in hemodynamic response during WM task predominantly in the right hemispheres. These findings suggest that neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia and their neural dysfunction may be improved by NEAR, and NIRS may be a useful tool to assess the changes of the neural activity underlying the improvement of neurocognitive functioning elicited by neurocognitive rehabilitation.
Collapse
|
39
|
Basso Moro S, Cutini S, Ursini ML, Ferrari M, Quaresima V. Prefrontal cortex activation during story encoding/retrieval: a multi-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:925. [PMID: 24427131 PMCID: PMC3876278 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Encoding, storage and retrieval constitute three fundamental stages in information processing and memory. They allow for the creation of new memory traces, the maintenance and the consolidation of these traces over time, and the access and recover of the stored information from short or long-term memory. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures concentration changes of oxygenated-hemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxygenated-hemoglobin (HHb) in cortical microcirculation blood vessels by means of the characteristic absorption spectra of hemoglobin in the near-infrared range. In the present study, we monitored, using a 16-channel fNIRS system, the hemodynamic response during the encoding and retrieval processes (EP and RP, respectively) over the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of 13 healthy subjects (27.2 ± 2.6 years) while were performing the “Logical Memory Test” (LMT) of the Wechsler Memory Scale. A LMT-related PFC activation was expected; specifically, it was hypothesized a neural dissociation between EP and RP. The results showed a heterogeneous O2Hb/HHb response over the mapped area during the EP and the RP, with a O2Hb progressive and prominent increment in ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) since the beginning of the EP. During the RP a broader activation, including the VLPFC, the dorsolateral PFC and the frontopolar cortex, was observed. This could be explained by the different contributions of the PFC regions in the EP and the RP. Considering the fNIRS applicability for the hemodynamic monitoring during the LMT performance, this study has demonstrated that fNIRS could be utilized as a valuable clinical diagnostic tool, and that it has the potential to be adopted in patients with cognitive disorders or slight working memory deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Basso Moro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simone Cutini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Ursini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Quaresima
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Koike S, Nishimura Y, Takizawa R, Yahata N, Kasai K. Near-infrared spectroscopy in schizophrenia: a possible biomarker for predicting clinical outcome and treatment response. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:145. [PMID: 24294205 PMCID: PMC3827961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a relatively new technique that can measure hemoglobin changes in brain tissues, and its use in psychiatry has been progressing rapidly. Although it has several disadvantages (e.g., relatively low spatial resolution and the possibility of shallow coverage in the depth of brain regions) compared with other functional neuroimaging techniques (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography), fNIRS may be a candidate instrument for clinical use in psychiatry, as it can measure brain activity in naturalistic position easily and non-invasively. fNIRS instruments are also small and work silently, and can be moved almost everywhere including schools and care units. Previous fNIRS studies have shown that patients with schizophrenia have impaired activity and characteristic waveform patterns in the prefrontal cortex during the letter version of the verbal fluency task, and part of these results have been approved as one of the Advanced Medical Technologies as an aid for the differential diagnosis of depressive symptoms by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan in 2009, which was the first such approval in the field of psychiatry. Moreover, previous studies suggest that the activity in the frontopolar prefrontal cortex is associated with their functions in chronic schizophrenia and is its next candidate biomarker. Future studies aimed at exploring fNIRS differences in various clinical stages, longitudinal changes, drug effects, and variations during different task paradigms will be needed to develop more accurate biomarkers that can be used to aid differential diagnosis, the comprehension of the present condition, the prediction of outcome, and the decision regarding treatment options in schizophrenia. Future fNIRS researches will require standardized measurement procedures, probe settings, analytical methods and tools, manuscript description, and database systems in an fNIRS community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Koike
- Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan ; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|