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Lin PI, John JR, Masi A, Ong LK, Mathew NE, Moni MA, Eapen V, Walker AK. The relationship between hair cortisol concentration and autism diagnosis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:68-76. [PMID: 38850580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autistic children are prone to experience heightened levels of distress and physiological reactivity to a range of sensory, social, and emotional stimuli. In line with this, multiple studies have demonstrated that autistic children have higher acute cortisol stress responses to adverse or threatening stimuli and altered cortisol awakening responses. However, few studies have examined whether this sensitivity may relate to heightened levels of chronic stress and persistently elevated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. The measurement of cortisol accumulation in hair is considered a non-invasive biomarker of chronic stress and has been associated with several childhood diseases. Here, we investigated whether hair cortisol concentration in a large sample of autistic children differed from non-autistic children, and after accounting for a range of child, parental and family-level characteristics. METHODS Hair cortisol concentration was measured in 307 autistic children and 282 non-autistic controls aged between 2 and 17 years recruited from four Australian states who participated in providing hair samples and demographic data to the Australian Autism Biobank. Independent samples t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to determine significant differences in the mean hair cortisol concentration (pg/mg) between potential covariates. Primary analysis included multivariable regression modelling of the collapsed sample to identify variables that were significantly associated with hair cortisol concentration after controlling for covariates. We also accounted for the potential interaction of multiple biological (e.g., age, sex, BMI) and psychosocial characteristics at the level of the child, the mother and the father, and the family unit. RESULTS Our findings suggest that the diagnosis of autism was not a significant predictor of chronic stress, as measured by hair cortisol concentration. However, findings of the multivariable regression analysis showed that key factors such as area of residence (Queensland vs Victorian state of residence) and decrease in child's age were significantly associated with higher hair cortisol concentration whereas lower family income was significantly associated with higher hair cortisol concentration. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that socioeconomic factors such as family annual income affect hair cortisol status in autistic children, indicating that the psychosocial environment may be a potential mediator for chronic stress in autistic children just as it has been demonstrated in non-autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-I Lin
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - James Rufus John
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Masi
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Health and Medical Sciences & Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Nisha E Mathew
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Ali Moni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Academic Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, South Western Sydney Local Health District (AUCS), Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Shan W, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhao L, Hall BJ, Tucker JD, Jiang F. Association between maltreatment, hair cortisol concentration, positive parent-child interaction, and psychosocial outcomes in Chinese preschool children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2719-2730. [PMID: 38182921 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Children now are facing an increasing risk of early life stress (ELS), which leads to detrimental psychosocial outcomes. Behavior studies suggested that positive parental interactions might moderate the negative impact of ELS, but the related biological alteration remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether positive parent-child interactions moderate the association between maltreatment (as a severe form of ELS) and hair cortisol concentration (HCC), as well as between HCC and psychosocial outcomes in young children. Participants were 6-year-old Chinese children (N = 257, Mage = 6.2, 121 were male) selected by stratified cluster random sampling from a Shanghai population representative cohort. Proximal 3 cm hair strands were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for HCC. Children's psychosocial outcome was evaluated using the parental report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parents also reported the frequency of positive parent-child interactions using the Chinese Parent-Child Interaction Scale (CPCIS) as well as the history of maltreatment. Multi-level logistic regression models adjusting for individual, kindergarten, and district confounders were used to evaluate the associations between maltreatment, HCC, and psychosocial outcomes. Interactions terms tested whether more frequent positive parent-child interactions moderates the association between maltreatment and HCC, as well as between HCC and psychosocial outcomes. Maltreated children exhibited higher levels of HCC (B = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.38,2.02; p = 0.004), and children with higher HCC exhibited poorer psychosocial outcomes (B = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.18,0.51; p < 0.001). Positive parent-child interactions did not have a moderating effect on the association between maltreatment and HCC, but they demonstrated a moderating effect on the association between increased HCC and psychosocial outcomes (interaction term: B = -0.42, 95% CI: -0.75,-0.10; p = 0.01). These findings provide evidence that positive parental interaction may serve as a moderator between chronic cortisol exposure and psychosocial problems. It highlights the importance of frequent parent-child interactions, especially among children under a high risk of ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Shan
- Department of International Clinic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of International Clinic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian J Hall
- Center for Global Health Equity, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China.
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Balasamy S, Atchudan R, Arya S, Gunasekaran BM, Nesakumar N, Sundramoorthy AK. Cortisol: Biosensing and detection strategies. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119888. [PMID: 39059481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cortisol, a crucial steroid hormone synthesized by the adrenal glands, has diverse impacts on multiple physiological processes, such as metabolism, immune function, and stress management. Disruption in cortisol levels can result in conditions like Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease. This review provides an in-depth exploration of cortisol, covering its structure, various forms in the body, detection methodologies, and emerging trends in cancer treatment and detection. Various techniques for cortisol detection, including electrochemical, chromatographic, and immunoassay methods were discussed and highlighted for their merits and applications. Electrochemical immunosensing emerges as a promising approach, which offered high sensitivity and low detection limits. Moreover, the review delves into the intricate relationship between cortisol and cancer, emphasizing cortisol's role in cancer progression and treatment outcomes. Lastly, the utilization of biomarkers, in-silico modeling, and machine learning for electrochemical cortisol detection were explored, which showcased innovative strategies for stress monitoring and healthcare advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sesuraj Balasamy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandeep Arya
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180006, India
| | - Balu Mahendran Gunasekaran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Noel Nesakumar
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok K Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang L, Hu Y, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Biosensors for psychiatric biomarkers in mental health monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 256:116242. [PMID: 38631133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are associated with serve disturbances in cognition, emotional control, and/or behavior regulation, yet few routine clinical tools are available for the real-time evaluation and early-stage diagnosis of mental health. Abnormal levels of relevant biomarkers may imply biological, neurological, and developmental dysfunctions of psychiatric patients. Exploring biosensors that can provide rapid, in-situ, and real-time monitoring of psychiatric biomarkers is therefore vital for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental disorders. Recently, psychiatric biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility have been widely developed, which are mainly based on electrochemical and optical sensing technologies. This review presented psychiatric disorders with high morbidity, disability, and mortality, followed by describing pathophysiology in a biomarker-implying manner. The latest biosensors developed for the detection of representative psychiatric biomarkers (e.g., cortisol, dopamine, and serotonin) were comprehensively summarized and compared in their sensitivities, sensing technologies, applicable biological platforms, and integrative readouts. These well-developed biosensors are promising for facilitating the clinical utility and commercialization of point-of-care diagnostics. It is anticipated that mental healthcare could be gradually improved in multiple perspectives, ranging from innovations in psychiatric biosensors in terms of biometric elements, transducing principles, and flexible readouts, to the construction of 'Big-Data' networks utilized for sharing intractable psychiatric indicators and cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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Thapaliya B, Ray B, Farahdel B, Suresh P, Sapkota R, Holla B, Mahadevan J, Chen J, Vaidya N, Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Benegal V, Schumann G, Calhoun VD, Liu J. Cross-continental environmental and genome-wide association study on children and adolescent anxiety and depression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1384298. [PMID: 38827440 PMCID: PMC11141390 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1384298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents warrant special attention as a public health concern given their devastating and long-term effects on development and mental health. Multiple factors, ranging from genetic vulnerabilities to environmental stressors, influence the risk for the disorders. This study aimed to understand how environmental factors and genomics affect children and adolescents anxiety and depression across three cohorts: Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (US, age of 9-10; N=11,875), Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (INDIA, age of 6-17; N=4,326) and IMAGEN (EUROPE, age of 14; N=1888). We performed data harmonization and identified the environmental impact on anxiety/depression using a linear mixed-effect model, recursive feature elimination regression, and the LASSO regression model. Subsequently, genome-wide association analyses with consideration of significant environmental factors were performed for all three cohorts by mega-analysis and meta-analysis, followed by functional annotations. The results showed that multiple environmental factors contributed to the risk of anxiety and depression during development, where early life stress and school support index had the most significant and consistent impact across all three cohorts. In both meta, and mega-analysis, SNP rs79878474 in chr11p15 emerged as a particularly promising candidate associated with anxiety and depression, despite not reaching genomic significance. Gene set analysis on the common genes mapped from top promising SNPs of both meta and mega analyses found significant enrichment in regions of chr11p15 and chr3q26, in the function of potassium channels and insulin secretion, in particular Kv3, Kir-6.2, SUR potassium channels encoded by the KCNC1, KCNJ11, and ABCCC8 genes respectively, in chr11p15. Tissue enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment in the small intestine, and a trend of enrichment in the cerebellum. Our findings provide evidences of consistent environmental impact from early life stress and school support index on anxiety and depression during development and also highlight the genetic association between mutations in potassium channels, which support the stress-depression connection via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, along with the potential modulating role of potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Thapaliya
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bhaskar Ray
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Britny Farahdel
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pranav Suresh
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ram Sapkota
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bharath Holla
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Carta MG, Fornaro M, Primavera D, Nardi AE, Karam E. Dysregulation of mood, energy, and social rhythms syndrome (DYMERS): A working hypothesis. J Public Health Res 2024; 13:22799036241248022. [PMID: 38680762 PMCID: PMC11047225 DOI: 10.1177/22799036241248022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A syndrome centered on the dysregulation of behavioral rhythms (DBR) is discussed. Recent pandemic brought to observe: (1) Having a DBR affecting sleep patterns, eating habits, and social interactions, before the lockdown period, was a determinant for depressive episodes during the lockdown; (2) In tighter lockdowns, DBR triggered depressive episodes in bipolar patients; (3) DBR in healthcare workers under pressure was a determinant of burnout; (4) DBR influenced the course of chronic diseases by altering immune responses. In addition, it was found that scoring positive on the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) was closely associated with the dysregulation of sleep rhythms. MDQ is a screening tool for bipolar disorder (BD), criticized for detecting too many false positives. Studies showed that positivity to the MDQ implied a severe impairment of quality of life even in people without psychiatric diagnoses. According to this evidence, three different hyperactivation levels could be proposed (from normality to pathology): firstly, an adaptive increase in energy (e.g. athletes performing well); secondly, a DBR determined from the continuous stimulation of stress hormones, with possible positive scores on the MDQ without a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, like in burnout syndromes and, thirdly, hyperactivity during manic episodes. The Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome (DYMERS), the second level of the scale, is proposed as a working hypothesis. DYMERS is also seen as a vulnerable condition that may evolve in other disorders (including BD) according to the individual susceptibility (including genetic predisposition) and the specific nature/level of the stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry - Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Laboratory Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elie Karam
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon and Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St Georges University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Hufnagel HJ, Lahmann C, Agostini H, Lange C, Pauleikhoff LJB. Psychometric assessment of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy and correlation with disease stage and progression: a case control study. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:92. [PMID: 38424605 PMCID: PMC10902987 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) has frequently been associated with increased stress levels as well as an increased prevalence of other psychiatric conditions. This study used standardized psychometric scores to assess stress, depression and anxiety levels of CSC patients and compared them to controls without retinal disease ("healthy") and with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS Monocentric, longitudinal case control study on consecutive CSC patients seen at a tertiary referral center. Controls without retinal disease were recruited from the oculoplastics clinic and those with BRVO from the medical retina clinic. Patients completed pseudonymized tests measuring stress levels (PHQ-stress), depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) at baseline and at 3- and 6-months follow-up. Higher scores indicated higher trait levels. RESULTS 65 CSC patients, 19 healthy controls and 19 BRVO patients were included in this study. CSC patients showed significantly higher stress levels at baseline compared to controls (p = 0.009), but not compared to BRVO patients (p = 1.00). At 3- and 6-months follow-up, no significant difference between groups was observed anymore. Acute CSC patients showed higher scores than those with chronic CSC, which also subsided over time. Depression and anxiety scores did not differ between groups at any timepoint. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CSC do not show higher initial stress levels than patients with BRVO, while anxiety and depression levels did not differ from controls. Stress may thus rather represent a consequence of the onset of visual deterioration observed in CSC or other ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinrich J Hufnagel
- Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claas Lahmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hansjürgen Agostini
- Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Lange
- Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- St. Franziskus Eye Center, Münster, Germany.
| | - Laurenz J B Pauleikhoff
- Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Beaumont E, Brodeur J, Thomas F, Dujon AM, Lupien SJ. Toxoplasma gondii infection in people with schizophrenia is related to higher hair glucocorticoid levels. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1286135. [PMID: 38435971 PMCID: PMC10904596 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1286135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toxoplasma gondii (TG) is a common protozoan parasite infecting approximately one third of the human population. Animal studies have shown that this parasite can manipulate its host behavior. Based on this, human studies have assessed if TG can be involved in mental health disorders associated with important behavioral modifications such as schizophrenia. However, results have been discrepant. Given that TG has a strong impact on fear and risk-taking processes in animal studies and that fear and risk-taking behaviors are associated with the human stress response, we tested whether glucocorticoid biomarkers (salivary and hair) differ in people with schizophrenia and controls as a function of TG status. Methods We measured TG antibodies in blood samples, as well as salivary and hair glucocorticoid levels in 226 people with schizophrenia (19.9% women, mean age = 39 years old) and 129 healthy individuals (controls) (45.7% women, mean age = 41 years old). Results The results showed that people with schizophrenia infected with TG presented significantly higher hair glucocorticoid concentrations than non-infected people with schizophrenia. This effect was not found in control participants. No effect was observed for salivary glucocorticoid levels. Additionally, there were no associations between TG infection and positive psychotic symptoms nor impulsivity. Discussion These results show that people with schizophrenia present high levels of hair glucocorticoid levels only when they are infected with TG. Further studies performed in populations suffering from other mental health disorders are needed to determine if this effect is specific to schizophrenia, or whether it is generalized across mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emy Beaumont
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Center for Studies on Human Stress, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Brodeur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer (CREEC), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine M. Dujon
- Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer (CREEC), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Center for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sonia J. Lupien
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Center for Studies on Human Stress, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Depatment of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Knezevic E, Nenic K, Milanovic V, Knezevic NN. The Role of Cortisol in Chronic Stress, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychological Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:2726. [PMID: 38067154 PMCID: PMC10706127 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortisol, a critical glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Its release is finely orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, governing the circadian rhythm and activating the intricate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a vital neuroendocrine system responsible for stress response and maintaining homeostasis. Disruptions in cortisol regulation due to chronic stress, disease, and aging have profound implications for multiple bodily systems. Animal models have been instrumental in elucidating these complex cortisol dynamics during stress, shedding light on the interplay between physiological, neuroendocrine, and immune factors in the stress response. These models have also revealed the impact of various stressors, including social hierarchies, highlighting the role of social factors in cortisol regulation. Moreover, chronic stress is closely linked to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, driven by excessive cortisol production and HPA axis dysregulation, along with neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. The relationship between cortisol dysregulation and major depressive disorder is complex, characterized by HPA axis hyperactivity and chronic inflammation. Lastly, chronic pain is associated with abnormal cortisol patterns that heighten pain sensitivity and susceptibility. Understanding these multifaceted mechanisms and their effects is essential, as they offer insights into potential interventions to mitigate the detrimental consequences of chronic stress and cortisol dysregulation in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (V.M.)
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Katarina Nenic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (V.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Vladislav Milanovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (V.M.)
- College of Medicine Rockford, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (E.K.); (K.N.); (V.M.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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10
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Gerlach J, Decker ES, Plank AC, Mestermann S, Purbojo A, Cesnjevar RA, Kratz O, Eichler A. Long-Term Effects of Child Early Surgical Ventricular Septal Defect Repair on Maternal Stress. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1832. [PMID: 38136034 PMCID: PMC10741485 DOI: 10.3390/children10121832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The ventricular septal defect (VSD) represents the most common congenital heart defect (CHD). The diagnosis of and cardiac surgery for their child's VSD are highly stressful experiences for parents; especially mothers, who are at risk of developing long-lasting stress-related symptoms. This study examined long-term alterations in maternal stress including self-reported psychological and biophysiological stress levels in a case-control design. We investigated 24 mothers of children with an isolated, surgically corrected VSD compared to non-affected controls. Maternal self-reports on psychopathology, everyday stress, parenting stress and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) were measured during children's primary school age (6-9 years, t1) and early adolescence (10-14 years, t2). In maternal self-reports, psychopathology and stress symptoms in the VSD-group and controls were comparable at t1, whereas at t2, mothers in the VSD-group even showed a decrease in psychopathology. Maternal HCC levels in the VSD-group were significantly lower (hypocortisolism) than HCC levels of controls at t1. This effect was no longer observed at t2 reflecting an approximation of HCC levels in the VSD-group to controls' levels. This study highlights the potential for improved stress hormone balance and psychological well-being in mothers following their child's surgical VSD repair. However, the need for parent-centered interventions is discussed, particularly during peri-operative phases and in early child developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elena S. Decker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne-Christine Plank
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mestermann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ariawan Purbojo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert A. Cesnjevar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Pediatric Heart Center, University Children’s Hospital, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kratz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Eichler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Colding-Jørgensen P, Hestehave S, Abelson KSP, Kalliokoski O. Hair glucocorticoids are not a historical marker of stress - Exploring the time-scale of corticosterone incorporation into hairs in a rat model. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 341:114335. [PMID: 37302763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hair glucocorticoids are increasingly popular biomarkers, used across numerous research fields, and studied species, as a measure of stress. Although they are suggested to be a proxy of the average HPA axis activity spanning a period of weeks or months into the past, this theory has never been tested. In the present study, adrenalectomized rats with no endogenous (adrenal) glucocorticoid production were used to study how circulating glucocorticoid levels would be reflected in the glucocorticoid levels found in hair samples. By dosing the animals daily with high levels of corticosterone for seven days, while sampling hairs before, during, and after treatments, a timeline for glucocorticoid uptake into hairs was constructed. This kinetic profile was compared to two hypothetical models, and the theory that hair glucocorticoids are a record of historical stress had to be rejected. Corticosterone concentrations in hairs were found to increase within three hours of the first injection, the highest concentrations were found on the seventh day of treatments, and the decrease in concentrations post-treatment suggests rapid elimination. We speculate that hair glucocorticoid levels can only be used to characterize a stress-response for a few days following a postulated stressor. An updated model, where glucocorticoids diffuse into, along, and out of hairs needs to be adopted to reconcile the experimentally obtained data. The inescapable consequence of this updated model is that hair glucocorticoids become a marker of - and can only be used to study - recent, or ongoing, stress, as opposed to historical events, weeks or months in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Colding-Jørgensen
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Hestehave
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Klas S P Abelson
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Otto Kalliokoski
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Shahyad S, Sahraei H, Mousallo K, Pirzad Jahromi G, Mohammadi MT. Effect of Papaver rhoeas hydroalcoholic extract on blood corticosterone and psychosocial behaviors in the mice model of predator exposure-induced post-traumatic stress disorder. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18084. [PMID: 37483762 PMCID: PMC10362233 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and psychosocial behaviors are affected in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on presence of several beneficial alkaloids in Papaver rhoeas (PR) plant, we assessed the effects of PR hydroalcoholic extract on blood corticosterone and psychosocial behaviors in the mice model of predator exposure-induced PTSD. Male NMARI mice were assigned into two main groups (control or PTSD) according to stress exposure (presence or absent of the predator). Each main group was divided into four subgroups according to treatment with the different doses of PR extract. Mice were treated intraperitoneally by PR extract at three different doses (1,5&10 mg/kg) 30 min before the beginning of test on days 1, 2&3. Corticosterone concentration determined in the blood samples on days 1, 3&21, and mice examined for the psychosocial behaviors on the third day. PTSD induction in mice by exposing to hungry predator increased blood corticosterone and changed the psychosocial and physiological behaviors. PR extract decreased blood corticosterone in PTSD mice on the third day as well as 21st day. Also, PR extract improved the psychosocial and physiological behaviors in PTSD mice. Moreover, PR extract increased blood corticosterone in control mice at a dose-response manner. PR extract is able to decrease blood corticosterone in PTSD condition and probably prevent the HPA hyperactivity in PTSD mice when exposed to the stress stimuli. Accordingly, decreased blood corticosterone by PR extract might be involved in improvement of the physiological and psychosocial behaviors in PTSD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shahyad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Sahraei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Mousallo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gila Pirzad Jahromi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Mohammadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Portella MJ, González-González I, Jubero M, Trujols J, Pérez V. Depressive-Like Effects of Foreclosing: A Cross-Sectional Study of Hair Cortisol Concentration. Psychopathology 2023; 57:10-17. [PMID: 37331349 DOI: 10.1159/000530706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Foreclosing and home eviction have been associated with various negative health outcomes, probably due to exposure to such stressful circumstance, but there is no evidence about foreclosure and home eviction to elicit cortisol responses. METHODS Participants who recently had received a court eviction notice were compared to subjects suffering a depressive disorder and to healthy controls in terms of hair cortisol concentrations. RESULTS Subjects under the stressful circumstance of foreclosure and patients with depression showed comparable concentrations in most of the hair segments while healthy subjects displayed the lowest levels of cortisol. CONCLUSION The findings show that foreclosure and home eviction are associated with increased cumulative hair cortisol and with depressive-like symptoms. Foreclosing procedures yielded to maintain high levels of cortisol which may increase the risk to develop major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Portella
- Mental Health, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Jubero
- Mental Health, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Trujols
- Mental Health, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- INAD Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Li Y, Jia W, Yan N, Hua Y, Han T, Yang J, Ma L, Ma L. Associations between chronic stress and hair cortisol in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:438-447. [PMID: 36868386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review systematically examined the associations between chronic stress and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in children, and the potential modification effects of type, measurement period and scales of chronic stress, child age and sex, hair length and HCC measurement method, characteristics of study site, and congruence between time periods measured for chronic stress and HCC. METHODS Pubmed, Wed of Science, and APA PsycINFO were systematically searched for articles examining the association between chronic stress and HCC. RESULTS Thirteen studies from five countries with 1,455 participants were included in the systematic review and nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that chronic stress was associated with HCC (pooled-r = 0.09, 95 % CI: 0.03, 0.16). Stratified analyses revealed that type, measurement time and scales of chronic stress, hair length and measurement method of HCC, and the congruence between time periods measured for chronic stress and HCC modified such correlations. The positive correlations between chronic stress and HCC were significant for studies measuring chronic stress as stressful life events, assessing chronic stress within the past six months, extracting HCC from 1 cm, 3 cm, or 6 cm of hair, measuring HCC by LC-MS/MS, or having congruence between time periods measured for chronic stress and HCC. The potential modifying effects of sex and country developmental status could not be concluded due to the limited number of studies included. CONCLUSIONS Chronic stress was positively correlated with HCC, varying by characteristics and measurements of chronic stress and HCC. HCC could be a biomarker for chronic stress among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanru Jia
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Xi 'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Yan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yiming Hua
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tuo Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lu Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, China.
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15
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Integrating functional neuroimaging and serum proteins improves the diagnosis of major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:421-428. [PMID: 36642308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of effective objective diagnostic biomarkers for major depressive disorder (MDD) leads to high misdiagnosis. Compared with healthy controls (HC), abnormal brain functions and protein levels are often observed in MDD. However, it is unclear whether combining these changed multidimensional indicators could help improve the diagnosis of MDD. METHODS Sixty-three MDD and eighty-one HC subjects underwent resting-state fMRI scans, among whom 37 MDD and 45 HC provided blood samples. Amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cortisol, and multiple cytokines were measured and put into the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to construct corresponding MDD diagnostic models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 5-fold cross-validation was calculated to evaluate each model's performance. RESULTS Compared with HC, MDD patients' spontaneous brain activity, serum BDNF, cortisol, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels changed significantly. The combinations of unidimensional multi-indicator had better diagnostic performance than a single one. The model consisted of multidimensional multi-indicator further exhibited conspicuously superior diagnostic efficiency than those constructed with unidimensional multi-indicator, and its AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 5-fold cross-validation were 0.99, 92.0 %, 100.0 %, and 96.3 %, respectively. LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional study consists of relatively small samples and should be replicated in larger samples with follow-up data to optimize the diagnostic model. CONCLUSIONS MDD patients' neuroimaging features and serum protein levels significantly changed. The model revealed by LDA could diagnose MDD with high accuracy, which may serve as an ideal diagnostic biomarker for MDD.
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16
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Bonnekoh LM, Seidenbecher S, Knigge K, Hünecke AK, Metzger CD, Tempelmann C, Kanowski M, Kaufmann J, Meyer-Lotz G, Schlaaff K, Dobrowolny H, Tozzi L, Gescher DM, Steiner J, Kirschbaum C, Frodl T. Long-term cortisol stress response in depression and comorbid anxiety is linked with reduced N-acetylaspartate in the anterior cingulate cortex. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:34-45. [PMID: 35332851 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2058084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major Depression (MDD) and anxiety disorders are stress-related disorders that share pathophysiological mechanisms. There is evidence for alterations of glutamate-glutamine, N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a stress-sensitive region affected by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). The aim was to investigate metabolic alterations in the ACC and whether hair cortisol, current stress or early life adversity predict them. METHODS We investigated 22 patients with MDD and comorbid anxiety disorder and 23 healthy controls. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed with voxels placed in pregenual (pg) and dorsal (d) ACC in 3 T. Analysis of hair cortisol was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS The N-acetylaspartate/Creatin ratio (NAA/Cr) was reduced in patients in both pgACC (p = .040) and dACC (p = .016). A significant interactive effect of diagnosis and cortisol on both pg-NAA/Cr (F = 5.00, p = .033) and d-NAA/Cr (F = 7.86, p = .009) was detected, whereby in controls cortisol was positively correlated with d-NAA/Cr (r = 0.61, p = .004). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a relationship between NAA metabolism in ACC and HPA axis activity as represented by long-term cortisol output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Bonnekoh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Seidenbecher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Knigge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Hünecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claus Tempelmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kanowski
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Meyer-Lotz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schlaaff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Tozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dorothee M Gescher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Psychology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University RWTH, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Suseelan S, Pinna G. Heterogeneity in major depressive disorder: The need for biomarker-based personalized treatments. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 112:1-67. [PMID: 36642481 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or depression is a pathological mental condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Identification of objective biological markers of depression can provide for a better diagnostic and intervention criteria; ultimately aiding to reduce its socioeconomic health burden. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the major biomarker candidates that have been implicated in depression neurobiology. The key biomarker categories are covered across all the "omics" levels. At the epigenomic level, DNA-methylation, non-coding RNA and histone-modifications have been discussed in relation to depression. The proteomics system shows great promise with inflammatory markers as well as growth factors and neurobiological alterations within the endocannabinoid system. Characteristic lipids implicated in depression together with the endocrine system are reviewed under the metabolomics section. The chapter also examines the novel biomarkers for depression that have been proposed by studies in the microbiome. Depression affects individuals differentially and explicit biomarkers identified by robust research criteria may pave the way for better diagnosis, intervention, treatment, and prediction of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayam Suseelan
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; UI Center on Depression and Resilience (UICDR), Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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18
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Li ZM, Kannan K. Determination of 19 Steroid Hormones in Human Serum and Urine Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. TOXICS 2022; 10:687. [PMID: 36422894 PMCID: PMC9699436 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a methodology for simultaneous determination of 19 steroid hormones, viz. estrone, estradiol, estriol, testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, androstenediol, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, pregnenolone, 17α-OH-progesterone, 17α-OH-pregnenolone, cortisone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, aldosterone, and corticosterone, in 500-µL of urine or serum/plasma. The method was optimized using isotopically labeled internal standards and liquid-liquid extraction followed by detection using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Dansylation of estrogens significantly improved their sensitivities (~11- to 23-fold) and chromatographic separation. The respective limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of all analytes were 0.04−0.28 and 0.14−0.92 ng/mL in human urine, and 0.11−0.35 and 0.38−1.18 ng/mL in human serum/plasma. Recoveries of all analytes (except for progesterone) fortified at 10, 20, and 200 ng/mL in urine and serum were 80−120%, with standard deviations ranging from 0 to 17.3%. Repeated analysis of similarly fortified urine and serum samples yielded intra-day and inter-day variations of 0−21.7% and 0.16−11.5%, respectively. All analytes except cortisone exhibited weak matrix effects in urine and serum (−13.9−18.2%). The method was further validated through the analysis of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) plasma Standard Reference Material (SRM1950) with certified concentrations for cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone (coefficient of variation: 3−11%). The developed method was applied in the analysis of urine samples from 20 volunteers, which revealed the occurrence of 16 analytes with detection frequencies (DFs) > 80%. Furthermore, 15 analytes were found in plasma SRM1950, indicating the feasibility of our method in the analysis of steroid hormones in urine and serum/plasma. This method will facilitate analysis of steroid hormones in population-based biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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19
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Raymond C, Bilodeau-Houle A, Zerroug Y, Provencher J, Beaudin M, Marin MF. Pre-pandemic socio-emotional vulnerability, internalizing and externalizing symptoms predict changes in hair cortisol concentrations in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic in children. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 144:105888. [PMID: 35933864 PMCID: PMC9344696 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased distress in many children, particularly in girls. Socio-emotional vulnerability, as well as psychiatric symptomatology prior to or during the initial stages of the pandemic, have been identified as important predictors of this distress. Still, it is unclear whether the pandemic also had physiological repercussions in children. If so, it remains to be determined whether these same predictors could provide insight into inter-individual variability. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the effects of socio-emotional vulnerability, as well as pre-pandemic internalizing and externalizing symptoms, on hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in healthy youth. In June 2020 (T1), 69 healthy children (M = 11.57 y/o) who visited the laboratory between 2017 and 2019 (T0) provided a 6 cm hair sample. This technique allowed us to quantify cortisol secretion during the three months preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (Segment A) and during the first three months of the first wave of the pandemic in Quebec, Canada (Segment B). At T0, participants completed the Dominic Interactive to assess pre-pandemic internalizing and externalizing symptoms. A socio-emotional composite score (SECS) was derived using a weighted z-score with the following constructs: anxiety sensitivity (Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index) measured at T0, trait anxiety (Trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C)), intolerance of uncertainty (Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children), and trait rumination (Children's Response Style Scale) measured at T1. A linear regression was conducted using the percent change in HCC across Segment A and B as the dependent variable, where SECS, pre-pandemic internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and sex were used as predictors. We found a main effect of sex, with girls presenting increased HCC reactivity compared to boys. We also found that SECS and internalizing symptoms negatively predicted HCC, whereas the opposite relationship was found between externalizing symptoms and HCC reactivity. For healthy children, our results suggest that previous psychiatric symptoms and socio-emotional vulnerability may be risk factors for the presentation of diverging cortisol response patterns in response to an adverse life event (such as the COVID-19 pandemic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexe Bilodeau-Houle
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yasmine Zerroug
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessie Provencher
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Beaudin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada,Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Olsson EMG, Norlund F, Rondung E, Humphries SM, Held C, Lyngå P, Spaak J, Sundin Ö, Sundelin R, Leissner P, Kövamees L, Tornvall P. The e-mental health treatment in Stockholm myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronaries or Takotsubo syndrome study (E-SMINC): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:597. [PMID: 35883115 PMCID: PMC9315084 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the aftermath of a myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) or Takotsubo syndrome (TS), patients commonly express high levels of stress and anxiety. Current treatment alternatives rarely address these issues. METHODS The study is a randomised controlled trial, where 90 patients with a discharge diagnosis of MINOCA or TS who also report symptoms of stress or anxiety will be randomised 2-6 weeks after their cardiac event. The treatment consists of 10 weeks of Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and starts immediately after randomisation for the treatment group. The control group receives usual care. Main outcomes are symptoms of anxiety measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, anxiety subscale, and perceived stress measured with the Perceived Stress Scale, 14-item version, 10 weeks after randomisation. Secondary measures include cardiac specific anxiety, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, quality of life, cortisol measured in hair and physiological stress responses (heart rate variability, blood pressure and saliva cortisol) during a stress procedure. Ten weeks after randomisation, the control group will also receive treatment. Long-term follow-up in the self-report measures mentioned above will be conducted 20 and 50 weeks after randomisation where the total group's development over time is followed, and the groups receiving intervention early versus late compared. DISCUSSION At present, there are no randomised studies evaluating psychological treatment for patients with MINOCA or TS. There is an urgent need for treatment alternatives aiming at relieving stress and anxiety considering the high mental stress and anxiety levels observed in MINOCA and TS, leading to decreased quality of life. CBT aiming at reducing mental stress has been shown to be effective regarding prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. The current protocol describes a randomised open-label controlled trial evaluating an Internet-based CBT program for reduction of stress and anxiety in patients with increased mental stress and/or anxiety with a discharge diagnosis of either MINOCA or TS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04178434 . Registered on 26 November 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M G Olsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Fredrika Norlund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Rondung
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Sophia M Humphries
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claes Held
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Lyngå
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Spaak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Sundin
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Runa Sundelin
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Leissner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kövamees
- Swedish Heart and Lung Association, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Tornvall
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Gorter JW, Fehlings D, Ferro MA, Gonzalez A, Green AD, Hopmans SN, McCauley D, Palisano RJ, Rosenbaum P, Speller B. Correlates of Mental Health in Adolescents and Young Adults with Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the MyStory Project. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113060. [PMID: 35683448 PMCID: PMC9181041 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It is important to gain a better understanding of mental health issues in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cerebral palsy (CP). In this cross-sectional study, we explore if demographics, social and clinical questionnaire scores, and cortisol levels in hair samples from AYA with CP are associated with higher scores on anxiety and/or depression questionnaires. Methods: Data from a community-based sample of 63 AYA with CP (30 females; ages 16 to 30 (median age of 25)) were analyzed. Forty-one (65%) participants (20 females) provided a hair sample. Outcomes were assessed using bivariate linear regression analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. Results: Clinical depressive and anxiety symptoms were present in 33% and 31% of participants, respectively. Family functioning, B = 9.62 (95%CI: 5.49–13.74), fatigue, B = 0.15 (95%CI: 0.05–0.25), and pain, B = 1.53 (95%CI: 0.48–2.58) were statistically significant predictors of depressive symptoms. Fatigue, B = 0.24 (95%CI: 0.12–0.35) and pain, B = 1.63 (95%CI: 0.33–2.94) were statistically significant predictors of anxiety. Cortisol levels from hair samples were not found to be associated with depressive symptoms or anxiety. Conclusions: A high prevalence of mental health problems and co-occurring physical problems was found in AYA with CP. Integrating mental support into regular care for AYA with CP is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem Gorter
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (A.D.G.); (S.N.H.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (D.F.); (M.A.F.); (D.M.); (R.J.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Darcy Fehlings
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (D.F.); (M.A.F.); (D.M.); (R.J.P.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Mark A. Ferro
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (D.F.); (M.A.F.); (D.M.); (R.J.P.)
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada;
| | - Amanda D. Green
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (A.D.G.); (S.N.H.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (D.F.); (M.A.F.); (D.M.); (R.J.P.)
| | - Sarah N. Hopmans
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (A.D.G.); (S.N.H.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (D.F.); (M.A.F.); (D.M.); (R.J.P.)
| | - Dayle McCauley
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (D.F.); (M.A.F.); (D.M.); (R.J.P.)
| | - Robert J. Palisano
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (D.F.); (M.A.F.); (D.M.); (R.J.P.)
| | - Peter Rosenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (A.D.G.); (S.N.H.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (D.F.); (M.A.F.); (D.M.); (R.J.P.)
| | - Brittany Speller
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (A.D.G.); (S.N.H.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada; (D.F.); (M.A.F.); (D.M.); (R.J.P.)
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Allweyer M, Emde M, Bähr I, Spielmann J, Bieramperl P, Naujoks W, Kielstein H. Investigation of Behavior and Plasma Levels of Corticosterone in Restrictive- and Ad Libitum-Fed Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091746. [PMID: 35565711 PMCID: PMC9100467 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice models are commonly used to investigate obesity-related health problems. Until now, only sparse data exist on the influence of DIO on behavior and stress hormones in mice. The present study investigates high-fat DIO with two different feeding regimes on behavioral parameters in mice. Various behavioral tests (open field, elevated plus maze, social interaction, hotplate) were performed with female BALB/c and male C57BL/6 mice after a feeding period of twelve weeks (restrictive vs. ad libitum and normal-fat diet vs. high-fat diet) to investigate levels of anxiety and aggression. BALB/c mice were DIO-resistant and therefore the prerequisite for the behavior analyses was not attained. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet had a significantly higher body weight and fat mass compared to C57BL/6 mice fed a control diet. Interestingly, the DIO C57BL/6 mice showed no changes in their aggression- or anxiety-related behavior but showed a significant change in the anxiety index. This was probably due to a lower activity level, as other ethological parameters did not show an altered anxiety-related behavior. In the ad libitum-fed DIO group, the highest corticosterone level was detected. Changes due to the feeding regime (restrictive vs. ad libitum) were not observed. These results provide a possible hint to a bias in the investigation of DIO-related health problems in laboratory animal experiments, which may be influenced by the lower activity level.
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Varzaghani V, Sharifi M, Hajiaghaee R, Bagheri S, Momtaz S, Tarassoli Z, Razmi A. Propolis add‐on therapy alleviates depressive symptoms; A randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1258-1267. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahdad Varzaghani
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR Karaj Iran
| | - Masoomeh Sharifi
- Physiology Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Hajiaghaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR Karaj Iran
| | - Sara Bagheri
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR Karaj Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR Karaj Iran
| | - Zahra Tarassoli
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR Karaj Iran
| | - Ali Razmi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR Karaj Iran
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Moska C, Goudriaan AE, Blanken P, van de Mheen D, Spijkerman R, Schellekens A, de Jonge J, Bary F, Vollebergh W, Hendriks V. Youth in transition: Study protocol of a prospective cohort study into the long-term course of addiction, mental health problems and social functioning in youth entering addiction treatment. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:605. [PMID: 34863131 PMCID: PMC8642918 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders (SUDs) are prevalent in the general population, tend to follow a chronic course, are associated with many individual and social problems, and often have their onset in adolescence. However, the knowledge base from prospective population surveys and treatment-outcome studies on the course of SUD in adolescents is limited at best. The present study aims to fill this gap and focuses on a subgroup that is particularly at risk for chronicity: adolescents in addiction treatment. We will investigate the rate of persistent SUD and its predictors longitudinally from adolescence to young adulthood among youth with DSM-5 SUD from the start of their addiction treatment to 2 and 4 years following treatment-entry. In addition to SUD, we will investigate the course of comorbid mental disorders, social functioning, and quality of life and their association with SUD over time. METHODS/DESIGN In a naturalistic, multi-center prospective cohort design, we will include youths (n = 420), who consecutively enter addiction treatment at ten participating organizations in the Netherlands. Inclusion is prestratified by treatment organization, to ensure a nationally representative sample. Eligible youths are 16 to 22 years old and seek help for a primary DSM-5 cannabis, alcohol, cocaine or amphetamine use disorder. Assessments focus on lifetime and current substance use and SUD, non-SUD mental disorders, family history, life events, social functioning, treatment history, quality of life, chronic stress indicators (hair cortisol) and neuropsychological tests (computerized executive function tasks) and are conducted at baseline, end of treatment, and 2 and 4 years post-baseline. Baseline data and treatment data (type, intensity, duration) will be used to predict outcome - persistence of or desistance from SUD. DISCUSSION There are remarkably few prospective studies worldwide that investigated the course of SUD in adolescents in addiction treatment for longer than 1 year. We are confident that the Youth in Transition study will further our understanding of determinants and consequences of persistent SUD among high-risk adolescents during the critical transition from adolescence to young adulthood. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Netherlands National Trial Register Trial NL7928 . Date of registration January 17, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Moska
- grid.491465.bParnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC, Brijder Addiction Treatment), Zoutkeetsingel 40, 2512 HN The Hague, the Netherlands ,grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.491159.10000 0004 0493 7618Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Blanken
- grid.491465.bParnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC, Brijder Addiction Treatment), Zoutkeetsingel 40, 2512 HN The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Dike van de Mheen
- grid.12295.3d0000 0001 0943 3265Department of Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Renske Spijkerman
- grid.491465.bParnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC, Brijder Addiction Treatment), Zoutkeetsingel 40, 2512 HN The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Arnt Schellekens
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands ,grid.491352.8Nijmegen Institute for Science Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jannet de Jonge
- grid.431204.00000 0001 0685 7679Research Group Urban Vitality, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Floris Bary
- Netherlands Network of Client Councils in Addiction Care ‘Het Zwarte Gat’, Hollands Kroon, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Vollebergh
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Hendriks
- grid.491465.bParnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC, Brijder Addiction Treatment), Zoutkeetsingel 40, 2512 HN The Hague, the Netherlands ,grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Non-communicable diseases among women survivors of intimate partner violence: Critical review from a chronic stress framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:720-734. [PMID: 34252471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A neurobiological framework of chronic stress proposes that the stress-response system can be functionally altered by the repeated presentation of highly stressful situations over time. These functional alterations mainly affect brain processing and include the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and associated processes. In the present critical review, we translate these results to inform the clinical presentation of women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). We approach IPV as a scenario of chronic stress where women are repetitively exposed to threat and coping behaviours that progressively shape their neurobiological response to stress. The changes at the central and peripheral levels in turn correlate with the phenotypes of non-communicable diseases. The reviewed studies clarify the extent of the impact of IPV on women's health in large (N > 10,000) population-based designs, and provide observations on experimental neuroendocrine, immune, neurocognitive and neuroimaging research linking alterations of the stress-response system and disease. This evidence supports the prevention of violence against women as a fundamental action to reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases.
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Panfilova E. Development of a Prototype Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Cortisol in Saliva for Daily Monitoring of Stress. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11050146. [PMID: 34067188 PMCID: PMC8151953 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emotional stress negatively affects the quality of a person's daily life. From a physiological point of view, stress is expressed in the excitation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis, which leads to the release of the hormone cortisol into the blood. We developed a lateral flow immunoassay to detect cortisol in human salivary fluid and tested it on 10 healthy volunteers daily for about one month (n = 293 saliva samples). Cortisol was detected in concentrations ranging from 1 to 70 ng/mL. Salivary cortisol levels were confirmed by ELISA. The straightness range of LFIA calibration was from 1 to 100 ng/mL. The diagnostic sensitivity of the method was 73%. It was found that in 3 out of 10 subjects, fluctuations in the level of cortisol in saliva partially corresponded to the subjectively assessed level of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Panfilova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 410049 Saratov, Russia
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Hair Cortisol Concentrations Are Associated with Dental Anxiety during Pregnancy. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9040042. [PMID: 33920415 PMCID: PMC8069593 DOI: 10.3390/dj9040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental anxiety (DA) and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) are associated with psychological symptoms and vary during pregnancy. We aimed to examine the association between HCC and DA at two points of pregnancy. Participants were pregnant mothers (n = 533) drawn from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study donating a hair sample at gestational week (gwk) 24 (n = 442) and/or at delivery (n = 176) and completed questionnaires on DA. Two groups, HCC1 and HCC2, treated as separate in the analyses, were formed according to the hair sample donation time i.e., gwk24 and delivery. 85 subjects were included in both groups. MDAS, EPDS, and SCL-90 were used to measure DA, depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively, at gwk14 for the HCC1 group and gwk34 for the HCC2 group. The association between DA and HCC was studied with a binary logistic regression model, adjusted for anxiety and depressive symptoms, age, BMI, and smoking status. Individuals with high DA had lower HCC levels at gwk24 (OR = 0.548; 95% CI = 0.35–0.86; p = 0.009), but the association was not statistically significant at the delivery (OR = 0.611; 95% CI = 0.28–1.33; p = 0.216). The independent association between HCC and DA in pregnant women suggests that long-term cortisol levels could play a role in the endogenous etiology of DA. Further studies are however, needed.
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Hair cortisol concentration in anxiety disorders: exploration of relationships with symptom severity and inflammatory markers. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2021; 33:104-110. [PMID: 33054873 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2020.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) can be used to periodically assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, and appears correlated with prolonged exposure to stress. METHODS Serial assessment (at Baseline, Week 6 and Week 12) of participants (n = 35) with anxiety disorders by psychopathological rating scales, with assays of HCC and levels of peripheral anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Patients underwent antidepressant treatment for an initial 6 weeks, followed by cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (celecoxib) augmentation or 'treatment as usual' for a further 6 weeks. RESULTS At Baseline (n = 35), HCC was elevated in patients with single-episode but not recurrent-episode anxiety disorders, mean IL-12p70 levels were low, and mean TNF-α levels were elevated. Following 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment (n = 33), mean HCC was within the normal range but mean IL-2 level was low. Celecoxib augmentation (n = 18) was associated with a reduction in anxiety symptoms and normalisation of mean IL-2 levels. LIMITATIONS Small sample size. Not all participants were assessed at all time points. CONCLUSION Serial assessment of HCC is practicable in patients with anxiety disorders. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger samples.
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Malik S, Singh R, Arora G, Dangol A, Goyal S. Biomarkers of Major Depressive Disorder: Knowing is Half the Battle. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 19:12-25. [PMID: 33508785 PMCID: PMC7851463 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disease which is why there are currently no specific methods to accurately test the severity, endophenotype or therapy response. This lack of progress is partly attributed to the com-plexity and variability of depression, in association with analytical variability of clinical literature and the wide number of theoretically complex biomarkers. The literature accessible, indicates that markers involved in inflammatory, neuro-trophic and metabolic processes and components of neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine systems are rather strong indicators to be considered clinically and can be measured through genetic and epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic, metabolomics and neuroimaging assessments. Promising biologic systems/markers found were i.e., growth biomarkers, endocrine markers, oxidant stress markers, proteomic and chronic inflammatory markers, are discussed in this review. Several lines of evidence suggest that a portion of MDD is a dopamine agonist-responsive subtype. This review analyzes concise reports on the pathophysiological biomarkers of MDD and therapeutic reactions via peripheral developmental factors, inflammative cytokines, endocrine factors and metabolic markers. Various literatures also support that endocrine and metabolism changes are associated with MDD. Accumulating evidence suggests that at least a portion of MDD patients show characteristics pathological changes regarding different clinical pathological biomarkers. By this review we sum up all the different biomarkers playing an important role in the detection or treatment of the different patients suffering from MDD. The review also gives an overview of different biomarker's playing a potential role in modulating effect of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Malik
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Govind Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Akriti Dangol
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, India
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Psarraki EE, Kokka I, Bacopoulou F, Chrousos GP, Artemiadis A, Darviri C. Is there a relation between major depression and hair cortisol? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 124:105098. [PMID: 33310696 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Literature supports a causal role of stress in major depressive disorder (MDD). Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) has been widely used as a measure of long-term stress. Although elevated HCC has been observed in healthy people experiencing chronic stress, findings regarding individuals with mental disorders have been complicated. This review attempts to systematically present all the published research on major depression and HCC. An extensive search of databases was performed to identify articles that investigated this question. The initial search retrieved 142 studies, of which, 16 original articles were included in this review. Results were contradictory; most of the studies showed no significant HCC differences between MDD patients and controls, while others indicated either higher or lower HCC in MDD patients than controls. Higher HCC was reported in first depressive episode compared to recurrent MDD and controls; patients with comorbid MDD and anxiety disorder had higher HCC than controls. No significant HCC difference was found between patients with melancholic or atypical depression and controls. Findings concerning HCC in postpartum depression were inconsistent. A meta-analysis of the data extracted from seven studies of the sample was performed to quantify the degree of cortisol change in MDD patients vs. controls. A random effects model revealed no significant hair cortisol concentrations difference between depressed patients and healthy controls (SMD: -0.02, 95% CI: -0.36 to 0.32). Significant heterogeneity was identified across included studies (P = 0.002, I2 = 71%). The disagreement among studies' results indicates that there is room for improvement in this research field. Confounding factors independent of depression should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia E Psarraki
- Postgraduate Program "The Science of Stress and Health Promotion", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioulia Kokka
- Postgraduate Program "The Science of Stress and Health Promotion", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; Outpatient Specialty Clinic for Sexual Health, First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Postgraduate Program "The Science of Stress and Health Promotion", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; Center for Adolescent Medicine, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 1 Thivon Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Thivon Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Postgraduate Program "The Science of Stress and Health Promotion", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; Center for Adolescent Medicine, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 1 Thivon Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Thivon Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Artemios Artemiadis
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Shakolas Educational Center, Old Road Nikosia-Limmasol 215/6, 2029 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christina Darviri
- Postgraduate Program "The Science of Stress and Health Promotion", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Hair cortisol concentrations in mental disorders: A systematic review. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schaafsma FG, Hulsegge G, de Jong MA, Overvliet J, van Rossum EFC, Nieuwenhuijsen K. The potential of using hair cortisol to measure chronic stress in occupational healthcare; a scoping review. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12189. [PMID: 33426766 PMCID: PMC7797775 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Workplace-based selective prevention of mental health problems currently relies on subjective evaluation of stress complaints. Hair cortisol captures chronic stress responses and could be a promising biomarker for the early identification of mental health problems. The objective was to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the practical value of hair cortisol in the occupational setting. METHODS We performed a scoping review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO up to November 2019 assessing the relations of hair cortisol with work-related stressors, perceived stress, and mental health outcomes in healthy workers. RESULTS We found five longitudinal studies, of which two observed an increase in work-related stressors to be associated with higher hair cortisol, one found a relation with lower hair cortisol and one did not find a relationship. Findings of cross-sectional studies were also mixed. The one available longitudinal study regarding mental health showed that hair cortisol was not related to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Hair cortisol measurement within occupational health research is still in its early stage and more longitudinal studies are urgently needed to clarify its relationship with work-related stressors and perceived stress before hair cortisol can be used to identify workers at risk for mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederieke G. Schaafsma
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public Health research instituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gerben Hulsegge
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public Health research instituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Sustainable Productivity and EmployabilityThe Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, TNOLeiden2316 ZLThe Netherlands
| | - Merel A. de Jong
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthCoronel Institute of Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public Health research instituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Reinier van ArkelDen BoschThe Netherlands
| | - Joyce Overvliet
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public Health research instituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Karen Nieuwenhuijsen
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthCoronel Institute of Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public Health research instituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Mozaffari H, Siassi F, Guilani B, Askari M, Azadbakht L. Association of dietary acid-base load and psychological disorders among Iranian women: A cross-sectional study. Complement Ther Med 2020; 53:102503. [PMID: 33066849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic acidosis, which can be affected by dietary acid-base load, seems to be associated with psychological disorders through different pathways. Given limited evidence on dietary acid-base load, we aimed to examine the association of dietary acid-base load with psychological disorders in Iranian women. This cross-sectional study was performed on 447 female subjects (20-50 years old). Dietary intake was assessed using a valid food frequency questionnaire for Iran. Dietary acid-base load was calculated through different indices including potential renal acid load (PRAL), net endogenous acid production (NEAP), and dietary acid load (DAL). To assess psychological disorders, an Iranian validated version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) was used. The mean value of PRAL, NEAP, and DAL were -8.87mEq/da, 37.94mEq/day, and 30.77mEq/day, respectively. Considering a wide range of confounding variables, compared with the first tertile, a significant positive association was observed between dietary acid-base load and depression (ORPRAL: 3.63; 95 %CI:1.97, 6.71; Ptrend = 0.0001) (ORNEAP:3.42; 95 %CI: 1.87, 6.23; Ptrend = 0.0001) (ORDAL: 3.02; 95 %CI: 1.64, 5.58; Ptrend = 0.0001). Women in the high dietary acid-base load category had higher anxiety (ORPRAL: 3.31; 95 %CI: 1.81, 6.06; Ptrend = 0.0001) (ORNEAP:3.47; 95 %CI: 1.90, 6.33; Ptrend = 0.0001) (ORDAL: 3.25; 95 %CI: 1.76, 5.98; Ptrend = 0.0001). Moreover, there was a strong positive relationship between dietary acid-base load and psychologicaldistress (ORPRAL: 3.79; 95 %CI: 2.09, 6.90; Ptrend = 0.0001) (ORNEAP: 3.67; 95 %CI: 2.04, 6.58; Ptrend = 0.0001) (ORDAL: 3.00; 95 %CI: 1.66, 5.43; Ptrend = 0.0001). Women with higher dietary acid-base load score had greater odds for depression, anxiety, and psychological distress compared to lower ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Mozaffari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Guilani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
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[Hair cortisol as chronic stress parameter in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction]. Herz 2020; 46:235-242. [PMID: 33026485 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-020-04990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stress is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. New analytical methods enable the determination of cortisol concentrations in hair (HCC) as a retrospective long-term parameter for chronic stress. So far, it is still uncertain whether stress objectively measured by an increase in HCC might be a predictive factor associated with the development of an acute myocardial infarction. METHODS Included in this study were 40 patients with an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), confirmed by electrocardiography (ECG). The control group consisted of 80 patients without coronary artery disease (CAD). RESULTS Patients with STEMI did not show significantly higher HCCs (p = 0.846) compared to the control group and there was no correlation with the extent of myocardial infarction (p = 0.701, r = 0.038). Correlations were found between HCC, diabetes mellitus (p = 0.046, odds ratio, OR = 6.346), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration (p = 0.107) and glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) concentration (p = 0.083, r = 0.236). Furthermore, there was an association between an increased HCC and chronic heart failure (p = 0.110) and an association to the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) concentration (p = 0.005, r = 0.293). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction did not have significantly higher levels of hair cortisol compared to the reference group; however, long-term metabolic changes as well as advanced chronic heart failure appear to be long-acting stress factors for the organism and increase cortisol levels in hair.
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Meyer JS, Novak MA. Assessment of prenatal stress-related cortisol exposure: focus on cortisol accumulation in hair and nails. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:409-436. [PMID: 32783213 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal stress adversely affects offspring development. Although cortisol is hypothesized to be a key mediator of stress-induced developmental deficits, determining the amount of fetal cortisol exposure produced by maternal stress has proved challenging. Current approaches, such as measuring cortisol concentrations in maternal plasma, saliva, or urine, amniotic fluid, fetal plasma, or cord blood, all have significant limitations for assessing cumulative fetal cortisol exposure over time. A recently emerging approach is to measure cortisol concentrations in maternal hair and/or newborn hair or nail samples. Maternal hair cortisol potentially shows long-term production across each trimester of pregnancy, whereas neonatal hair or nail cortisol is thought to reflect mainly third trimester hormone accumulation. This review first describes fetal adrenocortical development, placental cortisol metabolism, and the various sources of fetal cortisol exposure across pregnancy. We then summarize the results obtained from "classical" methods of assessing prenatal cortisol exposure prior to the advent of hair and nail cortisol measurement. Lastly, we discuss the initial development and validation of the hair cortisol methodology, its subsequent application to studies of chronic stress, and recent findings regarding maternal and neonatal hair or nail cortisol concentrations in relation to prenatal stress and other variables of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold S Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Melinda A Novak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Investigating individual stress reactivity: High hair cortisol predicts lower acute stress responses. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 118:104660. [PMID: 32485341 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Identifying individual differences in stress reactivity is of particular interest in the context of stress-related disorders and resilience. Previous studies already identified several factors mediating the individual stress response of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). However, the impact of long-term HPA axis activity on acute stress reactivity remains inconclusive. To investigate associations between long-term HPA axis variation and individual acute stress reactivity, we tested 40 healthy volunteers for affective, endocrine, physiological, and neural reactions to a modified, compact version of the established in-MR stress paradigm ScanSTRESS (ScanSTRESS-C). Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) served as an integrative marker of long-term HPA axis activity. First, the ScanSTRESS-C version proved to be valid in evoking a subjective, endocrine, physiological, and neural stress response with enhanced self-reported negative affect and cortisol levels, increased heart rate as well as increased activation in the anterior insula and the dorso-anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Second and interestingly, results indicated a lower neuroendocrine stress response in individuals with higher HCC: HCC was negatively correlated with the area under the curve (respect to increase; AUCi) of saliva cortisol and with a stress-related increase in dACC activity. The present study explicitly targeted the relationship between HCC and acute stress reactivity on multiple response levels, i.e. subjective, endocrine and neural stress responses. The lower stress reactivity in individuals with higher HCC levels indicates the need for further research evaluating the role of long-term HPA axis alterations in the context of vulnerability or immunization against acute stress and following stress-related impairments.
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Herane-Vives A, Young AH, Wise T, Aguirre J, de Angel V, Arnone D, Papadopoulos A, Cleare AJ. Comparison of short-term (saliva) and long-term (hair) cortisol levels in out-patients with melancholic and non-melancholic major depression. BJPsych Open 2020; 6:e41. [PMID: 32321622 PMCID: PMC7189571 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive episodes (MDEs) show diverse cortisol level alterations. Heterogeneity in symptom profiles, symptom severity and cortisol specimens may explain these heterogeneous results. Less severely ill out-patients with a non-melancholic MDE (NM-MDE) may have a variation in the rhythm of cortisol secretion rather than in its concentration. METHOD Cortisol measures were taken (a) over a short-term period (12 h) by measuring daily salivary output using the area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) and (b) over a long-term period (3 months) in hair. Additionally, cortisol reactivity measures in saliva - the cortisol awakening response and the 30 min delta cortisol secretion after awakening (DELTA) - were investigated in 19 patients with a melancholic MDE (M-MDE) and 52 with a NM-MDE, and in 40 matched controls who were recruited from the UK and Chile. Depression severity scores were correlated with different cortisol measures. RESULTS The NM-MDE group showed a decreased AUCg in comparison with controls (P = 0.02), but normal cortisol reactivity and long-term cortisol levels. The M-MDE group did not exhibit any significant cortisol alterations nor an association with depression severity scores. Higher Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score was linked with decreased hair cortisol concentration (HCC, P = 0.05) and higher DELTA (P = 0.04) in NM-MDEs, whereas decreased HCC was the sole alteration associated with out-patients with severe M-MDEs. CONCLUSIONS The contrasting short- and long-term cortisol output results are compatible with an alteration in the rhythm of cortisol secretion in NM-MDEs. This alteration may consist of large and/or intense episodes of hypercortisolaemia in moderate NM-MDEs and frequent, but brief and sharp early-morning DELTAs in its severe form. These changes may reflect the effects of environmental factors or episodes of nocturnal hypercortisolaemia that were not measured by the short-term samples used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Herane-Vives
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and Neuroscience and Mental Health Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London & South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - Toby Wise
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and Neuroscience and Mental Health Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
| | - Juan Aguirre
- Unidad de Trastornos Bipolares, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Valeria de Angel
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Danilo Arnone
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates; and Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Andrew Papadopoulos
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Anthony J Cleare
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London & South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair cortisol is a measure of chronic or repeated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation in response to physical or psychological stressors. Hair cortisol has been successfully used as a measure of chronic stress in adults and children; however, its use as a valid measure in preterm infants has been limited by challenges in measuring cortisol in the low mass samples collectable from these infants. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this report is to present a novel protocol for the measurement of hair cortisol in very low mass hair samples. METHODS Small changes were made to previously published protocols. After washing and pulverizing the hair samples, a double methanol cortisol extraction was performed. Samples were spiked with a known quantity of cortisol and analyzed in duplicate using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Hair cortisol was detectable in samples weighing between 0.4 and 10.9 mg. The mean cortisol level was 23.74 pg/mg hair (SD = 26.38). DISCUSSION With small changes to previously published laboratory protocols, cortisol is quantifiable in low mass hair samples from preterm infants. This technical advance is an important step toward quantifying the stress experiences of hospitalized preterm infants.
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Herane-Vives A, Papadopoulos A, de Angel V, Chua KC, Soto L, Chalder T, Young AH, Cleare AJ. Cortisol levels in chronic fatigue syndrome and atypical depression measured using hair and saliva specimens. J Affect Disord 2020; 267:307-314. [PMID: 32217231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDE) overlap with those of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Furthermore, atypical MDE (A-MDE), a subtype of MDE characterised by profound fatigue and which has frequently been linked with CFS, exhibits similar low cortisol levels to CFS. However, this result has been only found in specimens designed for measuring acute cortisol levels. In this study, we measure cortisol levels in subjects with CFS and in subjects with A-MDE, without psychiatric comorbidity, using both hair and saliva specimens, to gain a measure of both short and long-term cortisol levels in these two conditions. METHODS Hair cortisol concentration, representing the cortisol concentration of the previous three months, and salivary cortisol, measured at six time-points across one day and including the cortisol awakening response (CAR), post-awakening delta cortisol and the total daily output, were assessed in an age and gender matched group of 34 controls, 15 subjects with A-MDE and 17 with CFS. RESULTS CFS (mean 92.2 nmol/l.h, s.d. 33.2 nmol/l.h) and A-MDE (mean 89.1 nmol/l.h, s.d. 22.6 nmol/l.h) subjects both showed lower cortisol total daily output in saliva (AUCg) in comparison to healthy controls (mean 125.5 nmol/l.h, s.d. 40.6 nmol/l.h). However, hair cortisol concentration was not lower than that of controls in either patient group. CFS and A-MDE did not differ from one another on any cortisol measures. CFS subjects reported fewer daily hassles and less severe psychic anxiety symptoms in comparison to A-MDE subjects (all p < 0.05). However, they did not differ in the severity of somatic anxiety symptoms. There was also no difference in the presence of overlapping symptoms such as fatigability and concentration/memory problems between A-MDE and CFS subjects. CONCLUSION Low levels of cortisol found using short-term measures of daily output may be transient, since cortisol levels were normal when a long-term measure (hair) was studied. This might be explained by a potential cortisol rhythm alteration. Although these disorders have their distinctive depressive and somatic features, they may from part of a wider group of Somatic Symptom Disorders (SSD), given the findings of the same pattern of cortisol secretion in both disorders and increased frequency of overlapping clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Herane-Vives
- Centre for Affective Disorders(,) Department of Psychological Medicine(,) Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London(,) London(,) United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience. University College of London (UCL)(,) London(,) United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew Papadopoulos
- Centre for Affective Disorders(,) Department of Psychological Medicine(,) Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London(,) London(,) United Kingdom
| | - Valeria de Angel
- Centre for Affective Disorders(,) Department of Psychological Medicine(,) Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London(,) London(,) United Kingdom
| | - Kia-Chong Chua
- Centre for Affective Disorders(,) Department of Psychological Medicine(,) Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London(,) London(,) United Kingdom
| | - Lilian Soto
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Trudie Chalder
- Centre for Affective Disorders(,) Department of Psychological Medicine(,) Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London(,) London(,) United Kingdom
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders(,) Department of Psychological Medicine(,) Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London(,) London(,) United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Cleare
- Centre for Affective Disorders(,) Department of Psychological Medicine(,) Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London(,) London(,) United Kingdom
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Herane-Vives A, Arnone D, de Angel V, Papadopoulos A, Wise T, Alameda L, Chua KC, Young AH, Cleare AJ. Cortisol levels in unmedicated patients with unipolar and bipolar major depression using hair and saliva specimens. Int J Bipolar Disord 2020; 8:15. [PMID: 32133545 PMCID: PMC7056775 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-020-0180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiating between unipolar and bipolar depression can be clinically challenging, especially at first presentation. Patterns of cortisol secretion could aid diagnostic discrimination in affective disorders although there has been little comparative research to date. In this study, we investigated acute (saliva) and chronic (hair) cortisol levels concurrently in unmedicated unipolar and bipolar disorders by using conventional diagnostic criteria and self-report measures. Methods Patients with unipolar and bipolar major depression and healthy controls were recruited and assessed. Cortisol levels were extracted from saliva and hair specimens. Depressive features were investigated according to diagnostic groups and with a continuous self-report measure of bipolarity using the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-33). Results Whilst a trend towards a reduction in the total daily salivary cortisol output—area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg)—was detected in depressive disorders across diagnosis, the self-administrated bipolarity index suggested that an increase in bipolarity symptoms predicted lower cortisol levels using AUCg. Chronic cortisol measurement did not discriminate unipolar from bipolar depression. Conclusion Results suggested that whilst a low total daily salivary cortisol output (AUCg) might be associated with depressive symptoms, a self-reported measure of bipolarity predicts lower daily cortisol output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Herane-Vives
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK. .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Danilo Arnone
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Valeria de Angel
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andrew Papadopoulos
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Toby Wise
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luis Alameda
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Unit for Research in Schizophrenia, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kia-Chong Chua
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Anthony J Cleare
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 103 Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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Usman AN, Abdullah AZ, Raya I, Budiaman B, Bukhari A. Glucocorticoid and cortisol hormone in response to honey and honey propolis supplementation in mild stress women. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Song X, Cui W, Peng Z, Zhao L, Yu X, Li T, Cui L, Ma X. An initial exploration of hair cortisol responses to antidepressants in unmedicated patients with depression. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519889431. [PMID: 31849246 PMCID: PMC7604987 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519889431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder is associated with abnormal functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Studies using hair cortisol to measure the effect of antidepressants on the HPA axis are lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the long-term effects of antidepressants on hair cortisol concentration (HCC). METHODS Participants were 42 patients and 36 healthy individuals. The patients took antidepressants for 4 weeks. Patient HCC was measured pre-treatment and post-treatment. The HCC of healthy controls was also measured. RESULTS Patient post-treatment HCC (mean ± standard deviation: 34.40 ± 32.57 pmol/mg) was significantly higher than patient pre-treatment HCC (17.42 ± 12.40 pmol/mg) and healthy control HCC (10.22 ± 7.99 pmol/mg). No significant correlation was found between Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores and HCC at pre-treatment or post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Hair cortisol concentration analysis could be used to monitor the dynamics of the effects of antidepressants on the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Song
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Clinical Psychology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Mental Health Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Zugui Peng
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xuezhu Yu
- Mental Health Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Cui
- Mental Health Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Poehlmann-Tynan J, Engbretson A, Vigna AB, Weymouth LA, Burnson C, Zahn-Waxler C, Kapoor A, Gerstein ED, Fanning KA, Raison CL. Cognitively-Based Compassion Training for parents reduces cortisol in infants and young children. Infant Ment Health J 2019; 41:126-144. [PMID: 31583748 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study tests a group-based secular contemplative practice intervention, Cognitively-Based Compassion Training (CBCT), with parents of young children. We report on a randomized controlled preliminary efficacy study. Certified teachers administered CBCT for 20 hr across 8 to 10 weeks in two cohorts of parents with infants and young children. The intervention group was compared to a waitlist control group. Thirty-nine parents and their children, who ranged in age from 4 months to 5 years, were evaluated at pre- and postintervention (n = 25 intervention, n = 14 waitlist control) on hair cortisol concentration. Parents also completed self-administered questionnaires at both time points regarding demographics, physical symptoms of stress, parenting stress, self-compassion, and mindfulness. Children of parents in the CBCT group experienced significant decreases in cortisol at the postintervention assessment, as compared with the control group. However, parent cortisol and self-report measures did not significantly change other than a small effect on clinical levels of parenting stress. CBCT may be a positive new way to intervene with parents to lower infants' and young children's cumulative physiological stress.
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Murrough JW, Russo SJ. The Neurobiology of Resilience: Complexity and Hope. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:406-409. [PMID: 31466560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James W Murrough
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Affective Neuroscience Center, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Scott J Russo
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Affective Neuroscience Center, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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45
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Kalliokoski O, Jellestad FK, Murison R. A systematic review of studies utilizing hair glucocorticoids as a measure of stress suggests the marker is more appropriate for quantifying short-term stressors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11997. [PMID: 31427664 PMCID: PMC6701156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitating glucocorticoids (GCs) in hairs is a popular method for assessing chronic stress in studies of humans and animals alike. The cause-and-effect relationship between stress and elevated GC levels in hairs, sampled weeks later, is however hard to prove. This systematic review evaluated the evidence supporting hair glucocorticoids (hGCs) as a biomarker of stress. Only a relatively small number of controlled studies employing hGC analyses have been published, and the quality of the evidence is compromised by unchecked sources of bias. Subjects exposed to stress mostly demonstrate elevated levels of hGCs, and these concentrations correlate significantly with GC concentrations in serum, saliva and feces. This supports hGCs as a biomarker of stress, but the dataset provided no evidence that hGCs are a marker of stress outside of the immediate past. Only in cases where the stressor persisted at the time of hair sampling could a clear link between stress and hGCs be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Kalliokoski
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Finn K Jellestad
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert Murison
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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46
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Peña-Bautista C, Escrig R, Lara I, García-Blanco A, Cháfer-Pericás C, Vento M. Non-invasive monitoring of stress biomarkers in the newborn period. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 24:101002. [PMID: 30981693 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal period is a highly sensitive time span during which stressful experiences may have an influence on later health outcomes. Medical procedures applied to newborn babies during hospitalization are stressors that trigger a physiological and psychological stress response. Stress response has been traditionally evaluated using scores based on behavioural signs such as facial expressions, limb movements, crying, etc., which are subjectively interpreted. Only few studies have employed measurable physiological signs to objectively evaluate the stress response to specific interventions. The aim of this review is to inform of recently developed biochemical methods that allow clinicians to evaluate the stress response to medical procedures performed in the neonatal period in biological samples non-invasively obtained. Stress biomarkers are based on the physiological stress response mediated by the hypophysis-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-adreno-medullary systems. Cortisol is at present the most widely employed laboratory determination to measure stress levels. In recent years, sequentially determined salivary cortisol levels have allowed non-invasive monitoring of newborn infants under stressful conditions in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peña-Bautista
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Escrig
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Lara
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - A García-Blanco
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Cháfer-Pericás
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Vento
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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47
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Schultchen D, Bayer J, Kühnel J, Melchers KG, Pollatos O. Interoceptive accuracy is related to long‐term stress via self‐regulation. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13429. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Schultchen
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Julia Bayer
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
- Work and Organizational Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Jana Kühnel
- Work and Organizational Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Klaus G. Melchers
- Work and Organizational Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education Ulm University Ulm Germany
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48
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Golub Y, Kuitunen-Paul S, Panaseth K, Stonawski V, Frey S, Steigleder R, Grimm J, Goecke TW, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Kornhuber J, Kratz O, Heinrich H, Moll GH, Eichler A. Salivary and hair cortisol as biomarkers of emotional and behavioral symptoms in 6-9 year old children. Physiol Behav 2019; 209:112584. [PMID: 31228497 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate the association of salivary and cumulative cortisol levels with emotional and behavioral symptoms in a Franconian Cognition and Emotion Studies (FRANCES) general population cohort of 158 6- to 9 year old children. Salivary cortisol values were measured by one-day diurnal cortisol profile, whereas cumulative cortisol was estimated via one-month hair cortisol concentrations (rHCC). Nearly all significant associations of clinical symptoms with child cortisol indices were age dependent: We report emotional symptoms being associated with lower rHCC in younger children (6.06-7.54 years). In older children (7.55-9.41 years) behavioral problems were further associated with higher rHCC and lower salivary cortisol awakening responses. In summary, child clinical symptoms were stronger associated with markers of hair cortisol compared to salivary cortisol. To picture developmental mechanisms, we suggest longitudinal designs for cortisol measures of stress systems in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Golub
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; University Hospital Dresden, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sören Kuitunen-Paul
- University Hospital Dresden, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Panaseth
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Valeska Stonawski
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Frey
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ruth Steigleder
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Grimm
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tamme W Goecke
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitätsstraße 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Perinatal Medicine and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitätsstraße 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitätsstraße 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Kratz
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Heinrich
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; kbo-Heckscher-Klinikum, Deisenhofener Str. 28, 81539 München, Germany.
| | - Gunter H Moll
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anna Eichler
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Schwabachanlage 6 & 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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49
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Voss M, Wild B, von Hirschhausen E, Fuchs T, Ong P. [Effect of humor training on stress, cheerfulness and depression in patients with coronary artery disease and refractory angina pectoris]. Herz 2019; 45:80-87. [PMID: 31187195 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-019-4813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angina pectoris refractory to conventional medical treatment is a common phenomenon in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Many of these patients suffer from depression and generate substantial costs in the healthcare system. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic concepts is of particular importance. This study investigated whether professional, structured humor training has a positive effect on the symptoms of patients with treatment refractory angina pectoris. METHODS Between 2013 and 2014 a total of 35 patients with stable CAD were included. Enrolment was possible if patients suffered from treatment refractory angina pectoris (Canadian Cardiovascular Society, CCS grades II-IV) despite optimal antianginal medication and exhaustion of options for myocardial revascularization. Previously, 25.8% of the patients had had a myocardial infarction. In this study, a professional humor coaching was conducted with a duration of 7 weeks. In order to evaluate the effects of the coaching, the following examinations were performed before and after the intervention: exercise stress test (treadmill), hair segment cortisol analysis, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress (TICS) and the State-Trait-Cheerfulness Inventory (STCI). RESULTS Out of the 35 initially recruited patients 31 completed the study. The mean age was 65.5 years and 94.5% were female. There was a significant improvement in cheerfulness (STCI, pre 23.3 ± 5.4, post 27.5 ± 5, p = 0,03). This effect was even stronger in a subgroup analysis in which only female patients were included (pre 23.6 ± 5.5, post 27.7 ± 4.6, p = 0.003). The results of the BDI showed a remarkable improvement in the pre-post analysis (pre 14.6 ± 8.1, post 11.0 ± 6.5, p = 0.064). Analyzing only the female patients, this difference became significant (pre 13.1 ± 6.4, post 9.9 ± 4.6 p = 0,037). The hair segment investigations showed that patients who had a higher cortisol level in the beginning (>25. percentile, n = 22) showed a significant reduction of the cortisol concentration (pre 6.54 pg/mg, 3.78-12.12 pg/mg, post 3.65 pg/mg, 2.82-7.68 pg/mg, p = 0.029). CONCLUSION Patients with refractory angina pectoris and stable CAD benefit from a professional humor coaching. This effect was shown in a) a significant decrease in cortisol concentrations in the hair segment analysis, b) an improvement in cheerfulness in the STCI and c) a significant difference in the BDI between pre-post values.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Voss
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin III, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Auerbachstr. 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| | - B Wild
- , Strohberg 27e, 70180, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| | | | | | - P Ong
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin III, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Auerbachstr. 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Deutschland.
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50
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Duncko R, Fischer S, Hatch SL, Frissa S, Goodwin L, Papadopoulos A, Cleare AJ, Hotopf M. Recurrence of Depression in Relation to History of Childhood Trauma and Hair Cortisol Concentration in a Community-Based Sample. Neuropsychobiology 2019; 78:48-57. [PMID: 30897568 DOI: 10.1159/000498920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma represents a risk factor for developing depression with increased rates of recurrence. Mechanisms involved include a disturbed regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a measure of long-term HPA axis activity with less interference from circadian and confounding factors. However, no study has so far used HCC to investigate the role of childhood trauma in recurrent pattern of depressive symptoms. METHODS A community-based sample of 500 participants was recruited, and depression was assessed at 3 time points using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was administered to identify a history of childhood trauma. Hair samples were obtained from 144 participants for analysis of cortisol. RESULTS Patients with recurrent depression had higher rates of childhood trauma compared to participants with no depression. Participants with current-only depression had increased HCC compared to the no depression group, while this was absent in participants with recurrent depression. Within the depressed group (both current-only and recurrent depression), those with a history of childhood physical abuse had lower HCC when compared to those with no such history. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that retrospectively reported childhood trauma is associated with protracted trajectories of depression and a distinct pattern of long-term HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Duncko
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, .,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Susanne Fischer
- University of Zurich, Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Souci Frissa
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Goodwin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Papadopoulos
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Cleare
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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