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Martínez-Zamora MD, Martín-Martínez C, Martínez-de-Quel Ó, Valenzuela PL. Influence of Preterm Birth and Low Birthweight on Physical Fitness: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Sports Med 2024; 54:1907-1919. [PMID: 38709451 PMCID: PMC11258071 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth and low birthweight (LBW) might be associated with reduced physical fitness, although evidence remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of preterm birth and LBW on physical fitness, as well as to assess whether variables such as gestational age, birthweight, or age at assessment moderate these effects. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO were systematically searched from inception to 7 December 2023 for case-control and cohort studies analyzing the association between preterm birth or LBW (or gestational age or birthweight as continuous variables) with at least one physical fitness-related outcome (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength, flexibility, speed, agility). Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression models were used to estimate the pooled effect size, as well as to examine potential associations between the magnitude of the effect and gestational age, birthweight, or age at assessment. RESULTS Fifty-two studies (n = 920,603 participants, average age ranging from 4.7 to 34.4 years) were included. Preterm birth was associated with reduced CRF (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.51 to -0.25) and muscle strength (SMD = -0.44, 95% CI = -0.79 to -0.08). LBW was associated with reduced CRF (SMD = -0.40, 95% CI = -0.64 to -0.17), muscle strength (SMD = -0.18, 95% CI = -0.24 to -0.13), flexibility (SMD = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.22 to -0.01), and agility (SMD = -0.99, 95% CI = -1.91 to -0.07). Meta-regression analyses showed that a lower gestational age or birthweight were associated with larger reductions in physical fitness, whereas no consistent association was found for the age at assessment. CONCLUSION Both preterm birth and LBW seem associated with reduced physical fitness regardless of age, with larger reductions overall observed in individuals with lower gestational age or birthweight. These findings might support the implementation of preventive strategies (e.g., fitness monitoring and physical exercise interventions) in these populations through the life course. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021231845.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Óscar Martínez-de-Quel
- Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport (INEF), Polytechnic University of Madrid, C/Martín Fierro, 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Centro de Actividades Ambulatorias, 7ª Planta, Bloque D, Av. de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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Faigenbaum AD, Garcia-Hermoso A, MacDonald JP, Mortatti A, Rial Rebullido T. Bridging the gap between strengthspan and lifespan. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:758-760. [PMID: 38754987 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Faigenbaum
- Dept of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - James P MacDonald
- Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Arnaldo Mortatti
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil
| | - Tamara Rial Rebullido
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, New Jersey, USA
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Yang X, Zhang B, Liu Y, Lv Q, Guo J. Automatic Quantitative Assessment of Muscle Strength Based on Deep Learning and Ultrasound. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2024:1617346241255590. [PMID: 38881032 DOI: 10.1177/01617346241255590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a vital organ that promotes human movement and maintains posture. Accurate assessment of muscle strength is helpful to provide valuable insights for athletes' rehabilitation and strength training. However, traditional techniques rely heavily on the operator's expertise, which may affect the accuracy of the results. In this study, we propose an automated method to evaluate muscle strength using ultrasound and deep learning techniques. B-mode ultrasound data of biceps brachii of multiple athletes at different strength levels were collected and then used to train our deep learning model. To evaluate the effectiveness of this method, this study tested the contraction of the biceps brachii under different force levels. The classification accuracy of this method for grade 4 and grade 6 muscle strength reached 98% and 96%, respectively, and the overall average accuracy was 93% and 87%, respectively. The experimental results confirm that the innovative methods in this paper can accurately and effectively evaluate and classify muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ultrasound of Shaanxi Province, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Beilei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ultrasound of Shaanxi Province, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ultrasound of Shaanxi Province, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Ultrasound of Shaanxi Province, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianzhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ultrasound of Shaanxi Province, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Duarte Junior MA, Gaya AR, Mello JB, Faigenbaum AD, García-Hermoso A, López-Gil JF. Meeting muscle-strengthening recommendation is associated with lower adiposity, higher physical fitness and healthier lifestyle in adolescents: The EHDLA study. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:1059-1067. [PMID: 38332548 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence of adolescents who meet muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) recommendation and their associations with anthropometric variables, physical fitness, and lifestyle behaviours in a sample of Spanish adolescents aged 12-17 years. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using data from The Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) Study. Participants reported the days on which they engaged in MSA (≥3 days per week were considered to meet World Health Organization recommendation). Physical fitness was assessed with the ALPHA fitness battery. Additionally, body mass index, waist circumference, skinfolds and body fat percentage were assessed. Lifestyle variables were recreational screen time, sleep time and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The associations between MSA and outcome variables were tested with linear and logistic regressions. RESULTS Of the 852 participants, 48% met MSA recommendation. Meeting MSA recommendation was associated with lower adiposity and higher performance in the shuttle run test, maximal oxygen consumption, standing long jump, speed-agility, flexibility, lower screen time (in weekdays) and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSION Engaging in MSA once or twice a week was linked with more desirable health outcomes than not engaging in such activities. However, meet with MSA recommendation (i.e., at least 3 days per week) reinforced these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angelo Duarte Junior
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- PROESP-Br Research Group, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Júlio Brugnara Mello
- EFiDac Research Group, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), University Hospital of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
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5
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Guo J, Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Schmidt MD, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Magnussen CG. Tracking of Cardiorespiratory Fitness from Childhood to Mid-adulthood. J Pediatr 2024; 264:113778. [PMID: 37848085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adulthood is important for survival from major chronic diseases and preserving good health. We examined how childhood CRF tracks, or persists, into adulthood. Among a cohort of 748 school children followed over 34 years, we found child CRF correlated with young- (r = 0.30) and mid-adulthood (r = 0.16) CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Brooklyn J Fraser
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; The Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Faigenbaum AD, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Bush JA, Rial Rebullido T. May the Force Be with Youth: Foundational Strength for Lifelong Development. Curr Sports Med Rep 2023; 22:414-422. [PMID: 38055751 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Today's youth are weaker than previous generations, and measurable reductions in physical fitness are beginning to emerge. Without targeted initiatives that recognize the foundational importance of resistance training, weaker children and adolescents may be more likely to experience the inevitable consequences of neuromuscular dysfunction and less likely to experience the pleiotropic benefits of exercise and sport. Early exposure to strength-building activities is needed to prepare today's youth for ongoing participation in varied physical activities throughout this developmental phase of life. The novel iceberg of physical development is a metaphoric image that illustrates the sequential and cumulative influence of muscular strength on motor skills and physical abilities. Efforts to enhance the physical capacity of youth should include resistive skills that improve basic movement patterns and enhance motoric competence. A shift in our conceptual thinking about youth resistance training is needed to alter the current trajectory toward physical inactivity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | - Nicholas A Ratamess
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | - Jie Kang
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
| | - Jill A Bush
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ
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Singh A, Fraser B, Venn A, Blizzard L, Jones G, Ding C, Antony B. Trajectory of metabolic syndrome and its association with knee pain in middle-aged adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102916. [PMID: 38043453 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterised by the clustering of central obesity with metabolic abnormalities. We aimed to describe the association of MetS and trajectories of MetS over 10-13 years with knee symptoms in general population-based middle-aged adults. METHODS Fasting blood biochemistry, waist circumference and blood pressure measures were collected during Childhood Determinants of Adult Health (CDAH)-1 study (year:2004-6; n = 2447; mean age:31.48 ± 2.60) and after 10-13 year at CDAH-3 (year:2014-2019; n = 1549; mean age:44 ± 2.90). Participants were defined as having MetS as per International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition. Knee symptoms were assessed using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale at CDAH-3 (mid-adulthood). RESULTS The prevalence of MetS increased from 8 % at young adulthood (female:52.06 %) to 13 % in mid-adulthood (female:53.78 %) over 10-13 years. Presence of MetS at mid-adulthood was associated with knee symptoms at mid-adulthood [ratio of means (RoM): 1.33; 95%CI:1.27,1.39]. Four MetS trajectories were identified-'No MetS' (85.01 %); 'Improved MetS' (2.14 %), 'Incident MetS' (8.81 %), and 'Persistent MetS, (4.04 %). Compared to 'No MetS', 'Persistent MetS' [RoM:1.15; 95%CI:1.06,1.25], 'Incident MetS' [RoM:1.56; 95%CI:1.48,1.65], and 'Improved MetS' [RoM:1.22; 95%CI:1.05,1.41] was associated with higher knee symptoms. Notably, 'Incident MetS' was strongly associated with knee symptoms [RoM: 1.56; 95%CI:1.48,1.65] and pain [RoM:1.52; 95%CI:1.37,1.70] at mid-adulthood. CONCLUSION In this sample of middle-aged adults, there was a significant positive association between MetS and knee symptoms. Relative to those without MetS at either life stage, the elevation in mean knee pain scores was more pronounced for those who developed MetS after young adulthood than for those who had MetS in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrish Singh
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Brooklyn Fraser
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Changhai Ding
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benny Antony
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
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Tavares NHC, Rodrigues BC, Arruda SPM, Szlejf C, Suemoto CK, Griep RH, Diniz MDFHS, Giatti L, Barreto SM, Araújo LF. Untangle the relationship of muscle mass and bone mineral content on handgrip strength: Results of ELSA-Brasil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:3191-3204. [PMID: 37971003 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320232811.19372022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the independent association of muscle mass (MM) and bone mineral content (BMC) in the performance of the handgrip strength (HGS) test and whether there is effect modification by sex and age. In 12,491 participants from the ELSA-Brasil we estimated the associations between MM, BMC and HGS using linear regression models. All the analyses were performed for total population, also stratified for sex and age. For total population an interaction term was included between each explanatory variable of interest with sex and age to verify the presence of effect modification. We observed that the higher quintiles of MM and BMC were associated to an increasing in the mean of HGS compared to the first quintile, with greater magnitudes in men compared to women, also adults compared to elderly. When we estimated the independent effect of each exposure of interest, MM showed stronger effect in HGS in women, men and adults then BMC. In conclusion, we observed that higher amounts of MM and BMC are associated with higher HGS, regardless of sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and lifestyle, with this effect being greater in men and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayranne Hivina Carvalho Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Ceará. Av. Prof. Costa Mendes 1608, Bloco Didático, 5º andar, Rodolfo Teófilo. 60430-140 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | - Brena Custodio Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Ceará. Av. Prof. Costa Mendes 1608, Bloco Didático, 5º andar, Rodolfo Teófilo. 60430-140 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | | | - Claudia Szlejf
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratório de Educação em Ambiente e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
| | - Maria de F H S Diniz
- Faculdade de Medicina & Hospital das Clínicas/EBSER, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Luana Giatti
- Faculdade de Medicina & Hospital das Clínicas/EBSER, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Sandhi M Barreto
- Faculdade de Medicina & Hospital das Clínicas/EBSER, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Larissa Fortunato Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Ceará. Av. Prof. Costa Mendes 1608, Bloco Didático, 5º andar, Rodolfo Teófilo. 60430-140 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
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Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Tomkinson GR, McGrath R, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Magnussen CG. Tracking handgrip strength asymmetry from childhood to mid-life. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:2408-2417. [PMID: 37531128 PMCID: PMC10952407 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Determine if asymmetric handgrip strength exists in childhood and adulthood and quantify the degree of tracking of handgrip strength asymmetry over time. METHODS Participants from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study had their right and left handgrip strength measured using handgrip dynamometry in childhood (1985: 9-15 y), young adulthood (2004-06: 26-36 y) and/or mid-adulthood (2014-19: 36-49 y). Handgrip strength asymmetry was calculated as: strongest handgrip strength/strongest handgrip strength on the other hand. Participants were categorised based on the degree of their asymmetry (0.0%-10.0%, 10.1%-20.0%, 20.1%-30.0%, >30.0%). Tracking was quantified using Spearman's correlations and log binomial regression. RESULTS Handgrip strength asymmetry was present in childhood and adulthood (>30.0% asymmetry: childhood = 6%, young adulthood = 3%, mid-adulthood = 4%). Handgrip strength asymmetry did not track between childhood and young- (r = 0.06, 95% CI = -0.02, 0.12) and mid-adulthood (r = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.09, 0.10). Tracking was more apparent between young- and mid-adulthood (r = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.22). Participants with >30.0% asymmetry were at greater risk to maintain this status between childhood and young- (RR = 3.53, 95% CI = 1.15, 10.87) and mid-adulthood (RR = 2.14, 95% CI = 0.45, 10.20). CONCLUSION Although handgrip strength asymmetry tracked relatively poorly, asymmetric handgrip strength was apparent in children and adults. Handgrip strength asymmetry does not exclusively affect older adults and should be considered in protocols to better understand its role across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooklyn J. Fraser
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA)University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Grant R. Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA)University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ryan McGrath
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA)University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND)North Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth DakotaUSA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth DakotaUSA
- Fargo VA Healthcare SystemFargoNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- The Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alison J. Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA)University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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Martinez-Zamora MD, Valenzuela PL, Esteban Díez I, Martínez-de-Quel Ó. Influence of preterm birth on physical fitness in early childhood. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2129-2138. [PMID: 37093663 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2207082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that preterm birth is associated with an impaired physical fitness later in life, but whether these effects are already visible since early childhood remains unknown. We aimed to compare the physical fitness of preterm preschoolers with that of children born at term. Children aged three to six years and born preterm (<35 weeks) were recruited from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and children born at term (>37 weeks) were included as controls. A variety of physical fitness indicators (strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, agility, flexibility and balance) were assessed with the PREFIT battery and the adapted sit and reach test. Physical activity levels were measured through the PrePAQ questionnaire. A total of 98 preterm children (gestational age 32.4 ± 2.3 weeks, age 5.1 ± 0.8 years) and 74 controls (gestational age 39.9 ± 1.0 weeks, age 4.8 ± 0.9 years) were analysed. Despite no significant differences in physical activity levels (p > 0.05), preterm children showed an overall poorer physical fitness compared to controls. Specifically, preterm children had an impaired handgrip strength (-13.95%, p < 0.001), lower-limb muscle strength (-12.67%, p = 0.003), agility (-14.9%, p = 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (-12.73% p = 0.005) and flexibility (-17.04%, p = 0.001) compared to controls. An inverse dose-response association was observed between the level of prematurity and physical fitness, with very preterm children (gestational age ≤32 weeks) presenting the poorest fitness levels. In summary, prematurity seems to impair physical fitness since early childhood, which might support the need for promoting preventive strategies (e.g. fitness monitoring and applying exercise interventions).Highlights Preterm children present an impaired physical fitness compared with peers born at term since early childhood (3-6 years), as reflected by lower muscle strength, agility, flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness.A greater impairment of physical fitness in observed in children born very preterm (≤32 weeks of gestation).These findings might support the implementation of preventive strategies (e.g. fitness monitoring and exercise training) in preterm children since early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Esteban Díez
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Pedro Hospital Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Óscar Martínez-de-Quel
- Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport (INEF), Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Nevill AM, Duncan MJ, Gaya A, Mello JB. Secular trends in the physical fitness of Brazilian youth: Evidence that fitness is declining for the majority but not for a fit minority. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2079-2089. [PMID: 37403435 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a decline in children's physical fitness in recent decades. Such concerns are largely based on evidence from North America, Europe, and Asia. The current study describes the secular trend and variation (spread) in the physical fitness scores of young Brazilians from 2005 to 2022. METHODS This study is a repeated, cross-sectional surveillance study (1999-2022). Children and adolescents (n = 65 139; boys = 36 539) participated between 2005 and 2022. In each cohort six physical fitness tests were conducted: (1) 20-m sprint speed (m s-1 ), (2) cardio-respiratory 6-min run test (m min-1 ), (3) abdominal strength test (sit-ups per min), (4) horizontal jump test (cm), (5) the agility test (m s-1 ), and (6) the medicine ball throw test (cm). Means and distributional characteristics of the population were assessed using ANOVA, ANCOVA adopting BMI as the body-size covariate, Levene's test of equality-of-error variances, and Box and whisker plots. RESULTS ANOVAs and ANCOVA's identified significant declines in physical fitness over time/year in 5 of the 6 physical fitness variables (e.g., 20-m sprint speed slope B = -0.018 (m s-1 y-1 ); 95% CI -0.019 to -0.017; p < 0.001), the only exception being the medicine ball throw test (cm). The Levene's test of equality-of-error variances also identified a systematic increase in the variances/standard deviations over time/years. CONCLUSIONS Results provide powerful evidence that children and adolescents' physical fitness is declining, a trend that is also diverging asymmetrically, becoming more extreme in more recent years. The "fit" appear to be getting fitter, but the fitness of the "less-fit" appears to be declining further. These results have important implications for sports medicine and government policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Nevill
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Michael J Duncan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Adroaldo Gaya
- PROESP-Br research group, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlio B Mello
- eFiDac research Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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12
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Faigenbaum AD, Stracciolini A, MacDonald JP, Rial Rebullido T. Socioecological approach for building stronger youth for life. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1162-1163. [PMID: 37236772 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrea Stracciolini
- Orthopaedics/Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James P MacDonald
- Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tamara Rial Rebullido
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, New Jersey, USA
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13
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Abe T, Abe A, Loenneke JP. Association of changes in grip strength with second digit length adjusted for fourth digit length in young children. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23901. [PMID: 36998165 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The factors involved in changes in grip strength (GS) during growth/development are not well known. Findings from cross-sectional studies have indicated that digit lengths are associated with physical fitness, including GS. This study aimed to investigate the association of changes in GS over 1 year and the second (2D) and fourth (4D) digit lengths in young children using the 4D as a covariate. METHODS One hundred and three young children (54 boys and 49 girls) performed maximum voluntary GS and ultrasound-measured forearm muscle thickness measurements in the right hand. All participants completed the first measurement and underwent a second measurement 1 year after the first one. The 2D and 4D were taken on the palmar surface of the outstretched right hand at the second measurement. RESULTS The 2D was inversely associated with the change in GS (B = -2.1, p = 0.023) adjusted for all covariates. Girls had numerically lower adjusted changes in grip strength, although this was not statistically significant [-0.61 (-1.2, 0.02) kg]. When sex was removed from the model, the 2D remained inversely associated with the change in GS (B = -2.39, p = 0.011). Finally, when only adjusting for the 4D, the 2D was inversely associated with the change in GS (B = -3.07, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION This study documented the association between changes in GS over 1 year and digit lengths in young children. The difference in children's digit length needs to be recognized as a factor involved in weak GS in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Abe
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Inzai-shi, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
- Division of Children's Health and Exercise Research, Institute of Trainology, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 814-0001, Japan
| | - Akemi Abe
- Division of Children's Health and Exercise Research, Institute of Trainology, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 814-0001, Japan
| | - Jeremy P Loenneke
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Mississippi, 38677, USA
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14
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Encarnação S, Rodrigues F, Monteiro AM, Gouili H, Hattabi S, Sortwell A, Branquinho L, Teixeira JE, Ferraz R, Flores P, Silva-Santos S, Ribeiro J, Batista A, Forte PM. Obesity Status and Physical Fitness Levels in Male and Female Portuguese Adolescents: A Two-Way Multivariate Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6115. [PMID: 37372702 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and decreasing fitness levels among the youth are growing concerns in Portugal, similar to other developed countries, with implications for health and psychomotor development. Understanding the influence of health determinants such as sex and age are crucial for developing effective public health strategies. This study aimed to analyze the association between sex and chronological age with obesity status and physical fitness in Portuguese adolescents. A total of 170 adolescents (85 males and 85 females) were evaluated for body mass index, abdominal adiposity, aerobic fitness, abdominal resistance, upper limb resistance, lower limb power, and maximal running speed in a 40 m sprint using the FITescola® physical fitness battery, a Portuguese government initiative. The general model, analyzed using Pillai's trace, showed a significant effect of age and sex on body mass index, abdominal circumference, aerobic fitness, abdominal resistance, upper limb resistance, lower limb power, and maximal running speed (V = 0.99, F (7) = 10,916.4, p < 0.001, partial η2, sex = 0.22; age = 0.43, sex and age interaction = 0.10). Boys had higher physical fitness levels than girls in most tests, but both sex groups had a significantly higher proportion of non-fit adolescents, with boys showing the highest number of participants classified as non-fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Encarnação
- Department of Sports Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
| | - António Miguel Monteiro
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hatem Gouili
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Elkef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba Kef 7100, Tunisia
| | - Soukaina Hattabi
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Elkef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba Kef 7100, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Andrew Sortwell
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Luís Branquinho
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Teixeira
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beria Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Flores
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Sandra Silva-Santos
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT -IPVC), 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo (IPVC), 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Joana Ribeiro
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Amanda Batista
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Pedro Miguel Forte
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center of the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, (CI-ISCE), 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-447 Penafiel, Portugal
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15
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Villa-González E, Barranco-Ruiz Y, García-Hermoso A, Faigenbaum AD. Efficacy of school-based interventions for improving muscular fitness outcomes in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:444-459. [PMID: 35023448 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2029578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization recommends that children should engage in an average of 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day and should perform activities that strengthen muscle and bone at least 3 days a week. Public health professionals as well as pediatric researchers have identified schools as a strategic place to promote muscular strength development. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of school-based exercise interventions for improving muscular fitness (MF) in children. Searches were conducted in three databases. Eligible criteria were randomized and non-randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of school-based exercise interventions on MF (i.e. muscular strength, muscular power, and local muscular endurance) in children under 13 years of age. Risk of bias by the National Institutes of Health tool was appraised, and pooled effect sizes (Hedges'g) were calculated using random-effects inverse-variance analyses. Seventeen studies enrolling 1653 children (28% girls were analyzed). Exercise interventions, mostly combined interventions targeting selected domains of MF, were associated with significant moderate increases in local muscular endurance (g = 0.65 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.17, p = 0.020; I2 = 85.0%) and muscular strength and muscular power (g = 0.33 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.51, p = 0.001; I2 = 59.3%), with higher effects using interventions with ≥3 sessions per week. Our findings indicate that school-based exercise that includes strength building exercises may improve MF in children and, consequently, prepare modern day youth for the demands of exercise and sport activities. HighlightsSchool-based muscle and bone strengthening exercises performed at least 3 days per week may serve to support the development of muscular fitness in girls and boysIntegrative interventions that include a variety of strength and conditioning activities seem to be a promising strategy to promote muscular fitness in school environmentFuture research should standardize assessment methods for use with children in the school context and should include interventions with girlsIt is of interest to a growing number of health care providers, fitness professionals and physical education teachers to encourage participation in well-designed muscle and bone strengthening exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Villa-González
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Melilla, Spain
| | - Yaira Barranco-Ruiz
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Melilla, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA
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16
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Reyes A, Chaves R, Vasconcelos O, Pereira S, Tani G, Stodden D, Hedeker D, Maia J, Baxter-Jones A. Modeling the Dynamics of Children's Musculoskeletal Fitness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2938. [PMID: 36833635 PMCID: PMC9958810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study models children's musculoskeletal fitness (MSF) developmental trajectories and identifies individual differences related to effects of time-invariant, as well as time-varying covariates. A total of 348 Portuguese children (177 girls) from six age cohorts were followed for three years. MSF tests (handgrip strength, standing long jump and shuttle run), age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), gross motor coordination (GMC) and physical activity (PA) were assessed. Data were analyzed using multilevel models. Between 5 and 11 years of age, boys outperformed girls in all three MSF tests (p < 0.05). Birth weight was positively associated with shuttle run performance (β = -0.18 ± 0.09, p < 0.05). BMI was positively associated with handgrip strength (β = 0.35 ± 0.04, p < 0.001) and shuttle run performance (β = 0.06 ± 0.01, p < 0.001), but negatively associated with standing long jump performance (β = -0.93 ± 0.23, p < 0.001). GMC was positively associated (p < 0.001) with all three MSF tests, while PA was associated with standing long jump (β = 0.08 ± 0.02, p < 0.05) and shuttle run (β = -0.003 ± 0.002, p < 0.05) performance only. No school environment effects were found, and SES was not related to any MSF tests. Children's MSF development showed a curvilinear shape with increasing age, with boys outperforming girls. Weight status and physical behavior characteristics predicted MSF development, while environmental variables did not. Examining potential longitudinal predictors of MSF across multiple dimensions is important to gain a more holistic understanding of children's physical development as well as to future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reyes
- Instituto Superior Manuel Teixeira Gomes (ISMAT), 8500-724 Portimão, Portugal
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Academic Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology of Paraná, Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil
| | - Olga Vasconcelos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - David Stodden
- Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adam Baxter-Jones
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B5, Canada
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17
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Lang JJ, Zhang K, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Andersen LB, Basterfield L, Berglind D, Blain DO, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Cameron C, Carson V, Colley RC, Csányi T, Faigenbaum AD, García-Hermoso A, Gomes TNQF, Gribbon A, Janssen I, Jurak G, Kaj M, Kidokoro T, Lane KN, Liu Y, Löf M, Lubans DR, Magnussen CG, Manyanga T, McGrath R, Mota J, Olds T, Onywera VO, Ortega FB, Oyeyemi AL, Prince SA, Ramírez-Vélez R, Roberts KC, Rubín L, Servais J, Silva DAS, Silva DR, Smith JJ, Song Y, Stratton G, Timmons BW, Tomkinson GR, Tremblay MS, Wong SHS, Fraser BJ. Top 10 International Priorities for Physical Fitness Research and Surveillance Among Children and Adolescents: A Twin-Panel Delphi Study. Sports Med 2023; 53:549-564. [PMID: 36001291 PMCID: PMC9399984 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of physical fitness has a history that dates back nearly 200 years. Recently, there has been an increase in international research and surveillance on physical fitness creating a need for setting international priorities that could help guide future efforts. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to produce a list of the top 10 international priorities for research and surveillance on physical fitness among children and adolescents. METHODS Using a twin-panel Delphi method, two independent panels consisting of 46 international experts were identified (panel 1 = 28, panel 2 = 18). The panel participants were asked to list up to five priorities for research or surveillance (round 1), and then rated the items from their own panel on a 5-point Likert scale of importance (round 2). In round 3, experts were asked to rate the priorities identified by the other panel. RESULTS There was strong between-panel agreement (panel 1: rs = 0.76, p < 0.01; panel 2: rs = 0.77, p < 0.01) in the priorities identified. The list of the final top 10 priorities included (i) "conduct longitudinal studies to assess changes in fitness and associations with health". This was followed by (ii) "use fitness surveillance to inform decision making", and (iii) "implement regular and consistent international/national fitness surveys using common measures". CONCLUSIONS The priorities identified in this study provide guidance for future international collaborations and research efforts on the physical fitness of children and adolescents over the next decade and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Lang
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Kai Zhang
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - César Agostinis-Sobrinho
- grid.14329.3d0000 0001 1011 2418Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- grid.477239.c0000 0004 1754 9964Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences. Western, Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Basterfield
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Berglind
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Global Public Health and Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine (CES), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dylan O. Blain
- grid.12362.340000 0000 9280 9077Institute of Management and Health, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Wales, UK
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- grid.4489.10000000121678994PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Christine Cameron
- grid.418590.10000 0001 2164 2780Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Rachel C. Colley
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Tamás Csányi
- Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary ,grid.5591.80000 0001 2294 6276Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- grid.264500.50000 0004 0400 5239Kinesiology and Health Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ USA
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Thayse Natacha Q. F. Gomes
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil
| | - Aidan Gribbon
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Gregor Jurak
- grid.8954.00000 0001 0721 6013Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mónika Kaj
- grid.511942.aHungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- grid.412200.50000 0001 2228 003XResearch Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kirstin N. Lane
- grid.143640.40000 0004 1936 9465School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China ,grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie Löf
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David R. Lubans
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- grid.1051.50000 0000 9760 5620Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Taru Manyanga
- grid.266876.b0000 0001 2156 9982Division of Medical Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC Canada
| | - Ryan McGrath
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA ,grid.509356.c0000 0004 0420 0122Fargo VA Healthcare System, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Jorge Mota
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Tim Olds
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Vincent O. Onywera
- grid.9762.a0000 0000 8732 4964Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- grid.4489.10000000121678994PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Adewale L. Oyeyemi
- grid.413017.00000 0000 9001 9645Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Stephanie A. Prince
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra Spain ,grid.442065.10000 0004 0486 4893Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA), Túlua, Colombia ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen C. Roberts
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada
| | - Lukáš Rubín
- grid.6912.c0000000110151740Department of Physical Education and Sport, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic ,grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jennifer Servais
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Danilo R. Silva
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil ,grid.441837.d0000 0001 0765 9762Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jordan J. Smith
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Yi Song
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gareth Stratton
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Applied Sport Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Brian W. Timmons
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Grant R. Tomkinson
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.266862.e0000 0004 1936 8163Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.34428.390000 0004 1936 893XDepartment of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Stephen H. S. Wong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Brooklyn J. Fraser
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
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18
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Borrego-Balsalobre FJ, Cavas-García F, Díaz-Suárez A, Martínez-Moreno A. Physical Fitness Perception and Physical Education Enjoyment in 11- to 12-Year-Old Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:68. [PMID: 36670619 PMCID: PMC9856476 DOI: 10.3390/children10010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Childhood motor competence plays a fundamental role in long-term adherence to physical activity. Enjoyment levels and self-perception of physical fitness increase motivation, commitment, and participation in physical activity. The objective of this study was to assess the body mass index (BMI), weight percentile, health status, physical fitness, and enjoyment levels of physical activity. A sample of 138 persons, of whom 67 were males and 71 females, with a mean BMI of 20.04 (2.35) answered the questionnaires Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale and the International Fitness Scale−self-report of physical fitness in young people. Tests were administered to measure functional fitness and anthropometric characteristics. Statistical analysis included calculation of Cronbach’s alpha, ANOVA and Pearson’s bivariate test correlations. The data indicate the reliability of the International Fitness Scale. No significant differences by gender were observed for the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. The BMI showed that significant positive correlations with 20 m sprint scores (p < 0.001, r = 0.367) and significant negative correlations with 6-minute lap scores (p < 0.001, r = −0.360) could be caused by an older physiological age. The overall physical fitness level of the children was medium-high, with most of the children enjoying physical education classes and slightly higher enjoyment values for males 40.88 (5.42) than females 40.31 (6.16).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arturo Díaz-Suárez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, CEI Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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19
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Narahara S, Ito T, Ito Y, Sugiura H, Noritake K, Ochi N. Physical Function of Japanese Preadolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122553. [PMID: 36554075 PMCID: PMC9778239 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Children's exercise habits have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine the physical function and physical activity of preadolescent children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study compared time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), grip strength, single-leg standing time, and two-step tests of healthy children aged 10 to 12 years, enrolled from January 2018 to January 2020 (pre-COVID-19 group, n = 177) and from January 2021 to September 2022 (during-COVID-19 group, n = 69). The during-COVID-19 group had weaker grip strength (median: 14.4 vs. 15.8 kg; p = 0.012), worse performance on the two-step test (mean: 1.56 vs. 1.60; p = 0.013), and less MVPA (median: 4 vs. 7 h per week; p = 0.004). Logistic regression showed that the during-COVID-19 group was significantly related to weaker grip strength (odds ratio: 0.904, 95% CI: 0.829-0.986; p = 0.022) and worse performance in the two-step test (odds ratio: 0.976, 95% CI: 0.955-0.997; p = 0.028). The COVID-19 pandemic decreased exercise opportunities for preadolescent children, which may have had a negative impact on muscle strength and balance. It is essential to increase the amount of MVPA among preadolescent children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Narahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Prefecture Mikawa Aoitori Medical and Rehabilitation Center for Developmental Disabilities, Okazaki 444-0002, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ito
- Three-Dimensional Motion Analysis Laboratory, Aichi Prefectural Mikawa Aoitori Medical and Rehabilitation Center for Developmental Disabilities, Okazaki 444-0002, Japan
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-564-64-7980
| | - Yuji Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideshi Sugiura
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Koji Noritake
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aichi Prefectural Mikawa Aoitori Medical and Rehabilitation Center for Developmental Disabilities, Okazaki 444-0002, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ochi
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Prefecture Mikawa Aoitori Medical and Rehabilitation Center for Developmental Disabilities, Okazaki 444-0002, Japan
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20
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Posnakidis G, Aphamis G, Giannaki CD, Mougios V, Bogdanis GC. The Addition of High-Load Resistance Exercises to a High-Intensity Functional Training Program Elicits Further Improvements in Body Composition and Strength: A Randomized Trial. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10120207. [PMID: 36548504 PMCID: PMC9788010 DOI: 10.3390/sports10120207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine the effects of adding specific high-load resistance exercises to a high-intensity functional training (HIFT) program on healthy adults’ physical fitness and body composition. Twenty recreationally active volunteers (30 ± 4 y, 12 females, 8 males) were randomly assigned to either a HIFT-control (HIFT-C, n = 10) or HIFT-power (HIFT-P, n = 10) group and trained three times per week for eight weeks. The HIFT-C protocol included four rounds of an 8-exercise circuit (30:15 s work: rest, 2 min rest after the second round). The exercises used were clean-and-press, box jump, TRX chest press, wall ball throws, burpees, repeated 10 m sprints, sumo squat-and-upright row, and abdominal crunches. The HIFT-P-group replaced TRX chest press with bench press and squat-and-upright row with squat, both at an intensity of 80% 1 RM. Before and after the intervention, participants underwent an evaluation of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, vertical jump, 1 RM bench press, and the maximum number of abdominal crunches in 1 min. In both groups, cardiorespiratory fitness, squat jump, countermovement jump, bench press 1 RM, and percent body fat improved significantly after the intervention (p < 0.050), while a trend towards significant time x group interaction was found for bench press 1 RM (p = 0.076), indicating a superiority of HIFT-P over HIFT-C. Muscle mass significantly increased by 3.3% in the HIFT-P group, while abdominal muscle endurance improved by 16.2% in the HIFT-C group (p < 0.050). Short-term HIFT resulted in improvements in whole-body cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness and reduction of body fat. The addition of high-load resistance exercises was well tolerated and resulted in increased muscle mass and upper body maximal strength. HIFT-P programs can be suitable for individuals seeking to enhance muscle mass and physical fitness in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Posnakidis
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, CY-1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George Aphamis
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, CY-1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), CY-1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christoforos D. Giannaki
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, CY-1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), CY-1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22842325
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gregory C. Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
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21
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Abe T, Thiebaud RS, Ozaki H, Yamasaki S, Loenneke JP. Children with Low Handgrip Strength: A Narrative Review of Possible Exercise Strategies to Improve Its Development. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1616. [PMID: 36360344 PMCID: PMC9688465 DOI: 10.3390/children9111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength (HGS) is a predictor of health in both children and adults. Evidence suggests that without a possible strategy, children with low HGS may become adults with low HGS. However, little is known about what strategies are effective for children with low HGS to achieve a higher baseline level in adulthood. This narrative review aimed to investigate whether physical exercise interventions could improve HGS in children. METHODS The relevant databases/search engine was searched using keywords related to the main topics discussed throughout this review. RESULTS Our findings suggest that it may not be possible to improve HGS over that observed from normal development with physical education or traditional resistance-training programs. However, if the training program includes exercises that directly stimulate the forearm/hand muscle groups to grip, it may be possible to obtain changes in HGS that exceed the changes due to normal developmental growth. CONCLUSION Although there are associations between HGS and markers of health, no research could be identified that examined whether increasing HGS would lead to an improvement in health. If an increase in HGS really does represent an improvement in long-term health, then gripping exercise may need to be included into physical activity programs during the growth/development phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Abe
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Institute of Health and Sports Science and Medicine, Juntendo University, Inzai-shi 270-1695, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Children’s Health and Exercise Research, Institute of Trainology, Fukuoka-shi 814-0001, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Robert S. Thiebaud
- Department of Human Performance and Recreation, Brigham Young University–Idaho, Rexburg, ID 83440, USA
| | - Hayao Ozaki
- School of Sport and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, Miyoshi-shi 470-0207, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sakiya Yamasaki
- Department of Human Sciences, Seinan Gakuin University, Fukuoka-shi 814-8511, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jeremy P. Loenneke
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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22
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Wu M, Shu Y, Wang Y. Exposure to mixture of heavy metals and muscle strength in children and adolescents: a population-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60269-60277. [PMID: 35419687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human beings are exposed to heavy metals through various ways in daily life. However, the effect of heavy metal mixtures on muscle strength in children and adolescents remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship of exposure to heavy metal mixtures (barium, cadmium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, lead, antimony, strontium, tin, thallium, tungsten, uranium, and cesium) with muscle strength in children and adolescents. A total of 1357 (boys, 50.8%) participants aged between 8 and 17 were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2014. Urine metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Muscle strength was measured through a grip test using a handgrip dynamometer. Weighted quantile sum regression was performed to estimate the mixture effect of urinary metals on muscle strength. After adjusting for potential confounders, comparing participants in the highest versus lowest quartiles of cobalt, molybdenum, lead, antimony, strontium, thallium, and cesium, the handgrip strength decreased by - 4.48 kg (95% CI: - 6.93, - 2.03), - 6.13 kg (- 8.76, - 3.51), - 2.26 kg (- 4.22, - 0.30), - 2.38 kg (- 4.68, - 0.08), - 2.29 kg (- 4.45, - 0.13), - 4.78 kg (- 7.13, - 2.44), and - 5.68 kg (- 9.20, - 2.17), respectively. Furthermore, exposure to a mixture of metals were also significantly associated with decreased muscle strength (β: - 2.62 kg; 95% CI: - 3.71, - 1.54). Findings from the present study suggest that higher heavy metal exposure and the exposure levels of a mixture of metals in urine are inversely related to handgrip strength, implying that children's grip strength is not entirely explained by energy intake or lack of exercise, but may be related to environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanling Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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23
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Associations Between Kindergarten Participation in Organized Physical Activity and Subsequent Healthy Body Weight and Leg Strength by the End of Second Grade. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:474-480. [PMID: 35894988 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood sport helps children develop growth and maturation, while simultaneously offering self-regulation, motor, and social skills training. This study aims to estimate the influence of sport participation at age 6 years on indicators of health at age 8 years, using a prospective longitudinal birth cohort design. METHODS Participants were 1492 children aged 6-8 years from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Lower muscular power was measured with the standing long jump test. Girth used the children's waist circumference in centimeters. Body mass index was computed from child height and weight. We regressed these directly measured health indicators at age 8 years on parent-reported physical activity at age 6 years using linear Ordinary Least Squares regression. RESULTS Boys who participated in more physical activity at age 6 years had better lower muscular power (b = 2.368; 95% CI, 0.341 to 4.395) and higher body mass index (b = 0.340; 95% CI, 0.055 to 0.626). No significant results were found for girls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that physical activity in kindergarten has a positive impact on muscular power by the end of the second grade in boys. This supports the pertinence of implementing physical activity to a routine early in life to help children improve their general health.
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24
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Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Buscot MJ, Schmidt MD, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Magnussen CG. Muscular strength measured across the life-course and the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1131-1137. [PMID: 35197213 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low muscular strength associates with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, how muscular strength measured at different life stages contribute to the development of MetS is unknown. This study compared the contribution of muscular strength measured in youth, young- and mid-adulthood with MetS in midlife. METHODS AND RESULTS Prospective longitudinal study of 267 Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study participants who between 1985 and 2019 had measures of muscular strength (dominant grip strength) at three life stages (youth = 9-15 years, young adulthood = 26-36 years, mid-adulthood = 36-49 years) and had their MetS status assessed in mid-adulthood. Bayesian relevant life-course exposure models quantified associations between muscular strength at each life stage with MetS and estimated the maximum accumulated effect of lifelong muscular strength. The contribution of muscular strength at each life stage with MetS was equal (youth = 38%, young adulthood = 28%, mid-adulthood = 34%). A one standard deviation increase in cumulative muscular strength was associated with 46% reduced odds of MetS. Of all MetS components, muscular strength was most strongly negatively associated with high waist circumference. CONCLUSION A life-course approach demonstrated reduced odds of MetS in midlife was associated with cumulatively high muscular strength since youth. This supports efforts to promote physical fitness throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooklyn J Fraser
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Marie-Jeanne Buscot
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; The Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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25
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García-Hermoso A, Izquierdo M, Ramírez-Vélez R. Tracking of physical fitness levels from childhood and adolescence to adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:474-486. [PMID: 35558968 PMCID: PMC9085944 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective and large studies indicate that high physical fitness levels during young are beneficial for health during adulthood. The aim of the study was to investigate the tracking of physical fitness components from childhood and/or adolescence to adulthood. METHODS Two authors systematically searched MEDLINE and Web of Science electronic databases for relevant articles. Studies with apparently healthy youth aged 6-18 years who track their physical fitness to adulthood were included. Our study carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Correlation coefficients (r) were used as effect size. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect size. Correlation coefficients were interpreted as follows: <0.30 low stability, 0.30 to 0.60 moderate stability, and >0.60 high stability. Risk of bias of each study was determined by The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies. RESULTS Twenty-one prospective studies were included in the meta-analysis (n=6,197 participants at follow-up, 47.4% women). The mean length of follow-up was 20.8 years. Overall, cardiorespiratory fitness (r=0.38; 95% CI: 0.29-0.48; I2=92.7%), muscular strength (r=0.51; 95% CI: 0.43-0.59; I2=87.9%), and muscular endurance (r=0.50; 95% CI: 0.36-0.86; I2=94.5%) show moderate tracking from childhood and/or adolescence to adulthood, independent of test used and length of follow-up. This moderate tracking was slightly stronger in women than in men and from adolescence compared to childhood. Trunk flexibility component, assessed with the sit and reach test, exhibits high stability (r=0.69; 95% CI: 0.58-0.81; I2=92.9%). Interestingly, meta-regression analysis shows positive association between correlation coefficient for flexibility and the length of follow-up (β =0.017; 95% CI: 0.012-0.021). DISCUSSION Although the current study found inconsistency between results, the findings suggest that acquiring high physical fitness levels should be targeted already from childhood and adolescence given that low levels of fitness in adulthood are related with several chronic diseases and mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration number CRD42021279143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
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