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David DD, Zanetti G, Souto-Neto JA, Sua-Cespedes CD, Lacerda JT, Castrucci AMDL. Temperature-driven changes in the neuroendocrine axis of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus during the molt cycle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 357:114598. [PMID: 39122124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Environmental cues such as temperature induce macroscopic changes in the molting cycle of crustaceans, however, the physiological mechanisms behind these changes remain unclearWe aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms in the intermolt and premolt stages of the Callinectes sapidus molt cycle in response to thermal stimuli. The concentration of ecdysteroids and lipids in the hemolymph, and the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and molt key genes were assessed at 19 °C, 24 °C and 29 °C. The premolt animals exhibited a much larger response to the colder temperature than intermolt animals. Ecdysteroids decreased drastically in premolt animals, whereas the expression of their hepatopancreas receptor (CasEcR) increased, possibly compensating for the low hemolymphatic levels at 19 °C. This decrease might be due to increased HSPs and inhibited ecdysteroidogenesis in the Y-organ. In addition, the molting-inhibiting hormone expression in the X-organ/sinus gland (XO/SG) remained constant between temperatures and stages, suggesting it is constitutive in this species. Lipid concentration in the hemolymph, and the expression of CasEcR and CasHSP90 in the XO/SG were influenced by the molting stage, not temperature. On the other hand, the expression of HSPs in the hepatopancreas is the result of the interaction between the two factors evaluated in the study. Our results demonstrated that temperature is an effective modulator of responses related to the molting cycle at the endocrine level and that temperature below the control condition caused a greater effect on the evaluated responses compared to the thermostable condition, especially when the animal was in the premolt stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dantas David
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Giovanna Zanetti
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Araújo Souto-Neto
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Thalles Lacerda
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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2
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Martin S, Smith C, Stewart K, Barr W, Cheslett D, O'Connor I, Swords F, Ijaz UZ, O'Dwyer K. The hepatopancreas microbiome of velvet crab, Necora puber. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e70014. [PMID: 39354672 PMCID: PMC11445078 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.70014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Crustaceans are a valuable resource globally, both ecologically and economically, and investigations into their health are becoming increasingly important as exploitation rises. The microbiome plays a crucial role in crustacean immunity, and understanding its composition and structure can provide insights into the health of an organism and its interactions with various factors. In this study, we investigated the hepatopancreas microbiome of the velvet swimming crab, Necora puber, and compared its composition and structure with several study factors, including two different sampling points and infection with a paramyxid parasite, Paramarteilia canceri. To our knowledge, we provide the first description of a velvet crab microbiome, highlighting the dominance of a single microorganism, Candidatus hepatoplasma. We identified variations in microbiome composition between sampling points and discussed the possible processes affecting microbiome assembly. We also outline a core microbiome for the velvet crab hepatopancreas, consisting of 12 core phyla. Our study adds to the growing literature on crustacean microbiomes and provides a baseline for future investigations into the velvet crab microbiome and the health of this crustacean species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Martin
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
| | - Cindy Smith
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kelly Stewart
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William Barr
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ian O'Connor
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katie O'Dwyer
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
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3
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Feng D, Yan C, Yuan L, Jia Y, Sun Y, Zhang J. Genome-wide identification of crustacyanin and function analysis of one isoform high-expression in carapace from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:135070. [PMID: 39187096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Lipocalin proteins transport hydrophobic molecules, including apolipoprotein D, retinol-binding protein, and crustacyanin (CRCN). CRCN can combine with astaxanthin to cause a bathochromic shift in the emission spectrum of astaxanthin from red to blue. Therefore, CRCN influences the colors and patterns of crustaceans, which are important for various biological functions such as camouflage, reproduction, and communication. For aquatic organisms, body color is economically important and can be indicative of habitat water quality. In this study, thirteen CRCN genes (NdCRCNs) were first discovered in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis, contradicting prior findings of a few isoform genes in a species. The expression pattern of NdCRCNs in tissues showed that the expression of one CRCN isoform gene, named NdCRCN-30, was the highest in the carapace. In situ hybridization (ISH) analysis revealed that NdCRCN-30 was predominantly distributed in the outer epidermis of shrimp. Interference of NdCRCN-30 could cause a change in the color of the carapace. RNA-seq was performed after knockdown with the NdCRCN-30, and differential gene enrichment analysis revealed that this gene is primarily associated with antioxidant function, pigmentation, and molting. Overall, our results will provide new insights into the biological function of the CRCN and genetic breeding for changing body color in economic crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Longbin Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuewen Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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4
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Benrabaa SAM, Chang SA, Chang ES, Mykles DL. Effects of molting on the expression of ecdysteroid responsive genes in the crustacean molting gland (Y-organ). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 355:114548. [PMID: 38761872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Ecdysteroid molting hormones coordinate arthropod growth and development. Binding of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) to ecdysteroid receptor EcR/RXR activates a cascade of nuclear receptor transcription factors that mediate tissue responses to hormone. Insect ecdysteroid responsive and Forkhead box class O (FOXO) transcription factor gene sequences were used to extract orthologs from blackback land crab (Gecarcinus lateralis) Y-organ (YO) transcriptome: Gl-Ecdysone Receptor (EcR), Gl-Broad Complex (Br-C), Gl-E74, Gl-Hormone Receptor 3 (HR3), Gl-Hormone Receptor 4 (HR4), Gl-FOXO, and Gl-Fushi tarazu factor-1 (Ftz-f1). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantified mRNA levels in tissues from intermolt animals and in YO of animals induced to molt by multiple limb autotomy (MLA) or eyestalk ablation (ESA). Gl-EcR, Gl-Retinoid X Receptor (RXR), Gl-Br-C, Gl-HR3, Gl-HR4, Gl-E74, Gl-E75, Gl-Ftz-f1, and Gl-FOXO were expressed in all 10 tissues, with Gl-Br-C, Gl-E74, Gl-E75, and Gl-HR4 mRNA levels in the YO lower than those in most of the other tissues. In MLA animals, molting had no effect on Gl-Br-C, Gl-E74, and Gl-Ftz-f1 mRNA levels and little effect on Gl-EcR, Gl-E75, and Gl-HR4 mRNA levels. Gl-HR3 and Gl-FOXO mRNA levels were increased during premolt stages, while Gl-RXR mRNA level was highest during intermolt and premolt stages and lowest at postmolt stage. In ESA animals, YO mRNA levels were not correlated with hemolymph ecdysteroid titers. ESA had no effect on Gl-EcR, Gl-E74, Gl-HR3, Gl-HR4, Gl-Ftz-f1, and Gl-FOXO mRNA levels, while Gl-RXR, Gl-Br-C, and Gl-E75 mRNA levels were decreased at 3 days post-ESA. These data suggest that transcriptional up-regulation of Gl-FOXO and Gl-HR3 contributes to increased YO ecdysteroidogenesis during premolt. By contrast, transcriptional regulation of ecdysteroid responsive genes and ecdysteroidogenesis were uncoupled in the YO of ESA animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon A Chang
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Ernest S Chang
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Donald L Mykles
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA.
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5
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Simões LAR, Normann RS, Chung JS, Vinagre AS. A brief and updated introduction to the neuroendocrine system of crustaceans. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112265. [PMID: 38697385 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine system of crustaceans is complex and regulates many processes, such as development, growth, reproduction, osmoregulation, behavior, and metabolism. Once stimulated, crustaceans' neuroendocrine tissues modulate the release of monoamines, ecdysteroids, and neuropeptides that can act as hormones or neurotransmitters. Over a few decades, research has unraveled some mechanisms governing these processes, substantially contributing to understanding crustacean physiology. More aspects of crustacean neuroendocrinology are being comprehended with molecular biology, transcriptome, and genomics analyses. Hence, these studies will also significantly enhance the ability to cultivate decapods, such as crabs and shrimps, used as human food sources. In this review, current knowledge on crustacean endocrinology is updated with new findings about crustacean hormones, focusing mainly on the main neuroendocrine organs and their hormones and the effects of these molecules regulating metabolism, growth, reproduction, and color adaptation. New evidence about vertebrate-type hormones found in crustaceans is included and discussed. Finally, this review may assist in understanding how the emerging chemicals of environmental concern can potentially impair and disrupt crustacean's endocrine functions and their physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Airton Ressel Simões
- Comparative Metabolism and Endocrinology Laboratory (LAMEC), Post Graduation Program in Biological Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Sanfelice Normann
- Comparative Metabolism and Endocrinology Laboratory (LAMEC), Post Graduation Program in Biological Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J Sook Chung
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences (UMCES), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anapaula Sommer Vinagre
- Comparative Metabolism and Endocrinology Laboratory (LAMEC), Post Graduation Program in Biological Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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6
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Marco HG, Glendinning S, Ventura T, Gäde G. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) superfamily across Pancrustacea/Tetraconata: A role in metabolism? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112238. [PMID: 38616035 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather G Marco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Susan Glendinning
- Centre for BioInnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia; School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Centre for BioInnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia; School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Gerd Gäde
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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7
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Xie X, Zhang J, Tu S, Zhou Q, Zhu D. Corazonin Stimulates Ecdysteroid Synthesis during the Molting Process of the Swimming Crab, Portunus trituberculatus. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:630. [PMID: 39194568 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The neuropeptide corazonin (Crz) exerts diverse physiological effects in insects, yet its role in crustaceans remains elusive. The abundant expression of Crz receptor (CrzR) in the Y-organs of several crustaceans suggests a potential involvement of Crz in regulating ecdysteroid synthesis. In this study, we examined the effects of PtCrz on ecdysteroid synthesis during the molting period of Portunus trituberculatus through PtCrz treatments and PtCrzR silencing. Our results showed that PtCrz peptide stimulates ecdysteroid levels and the gene expression involved in ecdysteroidogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, whereas dsPtCrzR treatments had opposite effects on ecdysteroid levels and associated gene expression. Thus, our study suggests that PtCrz may modulate ecdysteroid synthesis via Y-organ-expressed PtCrzR. Furthermore, we also discovered the involvement of PtCrz/PtCrzR signaling in regulating PtETH expression. Notably, the inhibitory effect of dsPtCrzR on ecdysteroid synthesis or PtETH expression can be reversed by PtCrz treatment, suggesting the potential existence of multiple receptors for PtCrz. This study provides new insights into the function of crustacean Crz and, for the first time, elucidates the presence of a neuropeptide that can stimulate ecdysteroid synthesis in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Shisheng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Dongfa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
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8
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Landman MJ, Codabaccus BM, Nichols DS, Carter CG, Fitzgibbon QP, Smith GG. Essentiality of dietary cholesterol and its interactions with phospholipid in juvenile slipper lobster (Thenus australiensis). Sci Rep 2024; 14:10353. [PMID: 38710742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to verify the essentiality of dietary cholesterol for early juvenile slipper lobster, Thenus australiensis (initial weight 4.50 ± 0.72 g, mean ± SD, CV = 0.16), and to explore the potential for interactions between dietary cholesterol and phospholipid. An 8-week experiment was conducted using six experimental feeds containing three supplemental cholesterol concentrations (0, 0.2 and 0.4% dry matter) at two supplemental phospholipid concentrations (0% and 1.0% dry matter). Dietary cholesterol concentrations of ≥ 0.2% resulted in up to threefold greater weight gain compared to 0% dietary cholesterol, but without any significant main or interactive dietary phospholipid effect. An interaction was observed for lobster survival with lowest survival (46%) recorded for combined 0% cholesterol and 0% phospholipid compared to every other treatment (71-100%). However, all surviving lobsters at 0% dietary cholesterol, regardless of dietary phospholipid level, were in poor nutritional condition. Apparent feed intake (AFI) was significantly higher at dietary cholesterol ≥ 0.2% but was lower for each corresponding dietary cholesterol level at 1% dietary phospholipid. This implied that the feed conversion ratio was improved with supplemental phospholipid. In conclusion, this study confirms the essential nature of dietary cholesterol and that dietary phospholipid can provide additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Landman
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Basseer M Codabaccus
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Chris G Carter
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Quinn P Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Gregory G Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
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Wang XX, Ding MJ, Gao J, Zhao L, Cao R, Wang XW. Modulation of host lipid metabolism by virus infection leads to exoskeleton damage in shrimp. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012228. [PMID: 38739679 PMCID: PMC11115362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The arthropod exoskeleton provides protection and support and is vital for survival and adaption. The integrity and mechanical properties of the exoskeleton are often impaired after pathogenic infection; however, the detailed mechanism by which infection affects the exoskeleton remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the damage to the shrimp exoskeleton is caused by modulation of host lipid profiles after infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). WSSV infection disrupts the mechanical performance of the exoskeleton by inducing the expression of a chitinase (Chi2) in the sub-cuticle epidermis and decreasing the cuticle chitin content. The induction of Chi2 expression is mediated by a nuclear receptor that can be activated by certain enriched long-chain saturated fatty acids after infection. The damage to the exoskeleton, an aftereffect of the induction of host lipogenesis by WSSV, significantly impairs the motor ability of shrimp. Blocking the WSSV-caused lipogenesis restored the mechanical performance of the cuticle and improved the motor ability of infected shrimp. Therefore, this study reveals a mechanism by which WSSV infection modulates shrimp internal metabolism resulting in phenotypic impairment, and provides new insights into the interactions between the arthropod host and virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming-Jie Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Lv J, He QH, Shi P, Zhou F, Zhang TT, Zhang M, Zhang XY. RNAi-mediated silencing of the neverland gene inhibits molting in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105845. [PMID: 38582577 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is a key intermediate product used for biosynthesis of molting hormone. This is achieved through a series of hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by the Halloween family of cytochrome P450s. Neverland is an enzyme catalyzes the first reaction of the ecdysteroidogenic pathway, which converts dietary cholesterol into 7-DHC. However, research on the physiological function of neverland in orthopteran insects is lacking. In this study, neverland from Locusta migratoria (LmNvd) was cloned and analyzed. LmNvd was mainly expressed in the prothoracic gland and highly expressed on days 6 and 7 of fifth instar nymphs. RNAi-mediated silencing of LmNvd resulted in serious molting delays and abnormal phenotypes, which could be rescued by 7-DHC and 20-hydroxyecdysone supplementation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining results showed that RNAi-mediated silencing of LmNvd disturbed the molting process by both promoting the synthesis of new cuticle and suppressing the degradation of the old cuticle. Quantitative real-time PCR results suggested that the mRNA expression of E75 early gene and chitinase 5 gene decreased and that of chitin synthase 1 gene was markedly upregulated after knockdown of LmNvd. Our results suggest that LmNvd participates in the biosynthesis process of molting hormone, which is involved in regulating chitin synthesis and degradation in molting cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lv
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Qi-Hui He
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Shanxi Academy of Forestry and Grassland, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Xue-Yao Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China.
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11
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Liu H, Xing H, Xia Z, Wu T, Liu J, Li A, Bi F, Sun Y, Zhang J, He P. Mechanisms of harmful effects of Microcystis aeruginosa on a brackish water organism Moina mongolica based on physiological and transcriptomic responses. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 133:102588. [PMID: 38485443 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the detrimental impacts of cyanobacterial bloom, specifically Microcystis aeruginosa, on brackish water ecosystems, the study used Moina mongolica, a cladoceran species, as the test organism. In a chronic toxicology experiment, the survival and reproductive rates of M. mongolica were assessed under M. aeruginosa stress. It was observed that the survival rate of M. mongolica fed with M. aeruginosa significantly decreased with time and their reproduction rate dropped to zero, while the control group remained maintained stable and normal reproduction. To further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of the effects of M. aeruginosa on M. mongolica, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis on newly hatched M. mongolica cultured under different food conditions for 24 h. The results revealed significant expression differences in 572 genes, with 233 genes significantly up-regulated and 339 genes significantly down-regulated. Functional analysis of these differentially expressed genes identified six categories of physiological functional changes, including nutrition and metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, neuroimmunology, cuticle and molting, reproduction, and programmed cell death. Based on these findings, we outlined the basic mechanisms of microcystin toxicity. The discovery provides critical insights into the mechanisms of Microcystis toxicity on organisms and explores the response mechanisms of cladocerans under the stress of Microcystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Hao Xing
- Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhangyi Xia
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Aiqin Li
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fangling Bi
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Peimin He
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization, Shanghai, 201702, China.
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12
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He S, He J, Wu F, Zhao Y, Jin X, Martyniuk CJ. In vivo and in silico toxicity assessment of four common liquid crystal monomers to Daphnia magna: Novel endocrine disrupting chemicals in crustaceans? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168757. [PMID: 38008309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are widely used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and are proposed to be a new generation of environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) substances that are increasingly detected in rivers and seas. However, there is a lack of in vivo data that characterize adverse responses and toxic mechanisms of LCMs on aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the effect of four typical LCMs on the lethality, growth, molting, and reproductive capacity of Daphnia magna (D. magna), a highly studied aquatic species in environmental toxicology. Whole body and enzymatic biomarkers (i.e., body length, chitobiase, acetylcholinesterase, antioxidant defense) were measured to assess the toxicity of LCMs. The 48 h mortality rate and observations of disrupted thorax development and inhibition of ecdysis indicate that D. magna are sensitive to LCMs exposure. Oxidative stress, impaired neurotransmission, and disruptions in molting were observed in short-term biomarker tests using LCMs. A 21 day exposure of D. magna to LCMs resulted in reduced growth, reproduction, and population intrinsic growth rate. In addition, chitobiase and 20-hydroxyecdysone, enzymes important for the molting process, were altered at 7, 14 and 21 d. This is hypothesized to be related to endocrine imbalance resulting from LCM exposure. Based on molecular docking simulations, there is evidence that LCMs bind directly to ecdysteroid receptors; this may explain the observed endocrine disrupting effects of LCMs. These data support the hypothesis that LCMs are endocrine disrupting chemicals in aquatic species, impacting the process of molting. This may subsequently lead to lower reproduction and unbalanced population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- College of Geo-exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Jia He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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13
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Ge F, Yu Q, Zhang J, Han Y, Zhu D, Xie X. E93 gene in the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus: Responsiveness to 20-hydroxyecdysone and methyl farnesoate and role on regulating ecdysteroid synthesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110910. [PMID: 38193341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Ecdysone-induced protein 93 (E93) is a metamorphic determinant involved in crosstalk between 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) during the insect molting process. The present study identified the E93 gene from the swimming crab, P. trituberculatus, and found it was widely distributed in adult tissues. PtE93 mRNA levels in Y-organ and epidermis fluctuated during the molt cycle, suggesting its involvement in juvenile molting. In vitro and in vivo treatments with 20E led to an induction of PtE93 expression in Y-organ and epidermis, while we found the opposite effect for methyl farnesoate (MF) treatments, a crustacean equivalent of insect JH. We also observed that two genes for ecdysteroid biosynthesis, Spook (Spo) and Shadow (Sad), were suppressed by 20E and induced by MF, showing a negative correlation between PtE93 and ecdysteroid biosynthesis. PtE93 RNA interference (RNAi) induced Spo and Sad expression levels, elevated ecdysteroid content in culture medium, and relieved the 20E inhibitory effect on ecdysteroid synthesis, indicating an inhibitory role of PtE93 on ecdysteroid synthesis. Overall, our results suggest that E93 may be involved in the crosstalk between 20E and MF during crustacean molting, and its presence in Y-organ is closely related to ecdysteroid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiaoling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongfa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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14
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Lewis CL, Fitzgibbon QP, Smith GG, Elizur A, Ventura T. Ontogeny of the Cytochrome P450 Superfamily in the Ornate Spiny Lobster ( Panulirus ornatus). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1070. [PMID: 38256143 PMCID: PMC10816631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) are a versatile superfamily of enzymes known to undergo rapid evolution. They have important roles across growth and development pathways in crustaceans, although it is difficult to characterise orthologs between species due to their sequence diversity. Conserved CYP450s enzymes in crustaceans are those associated with ecdysteroidogenesis: synthesising and breaking down the active moult hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone. The complex life cycle of the ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus, relies on moulting in order to grow and develop. Many of these diverse life stages have been analysed to establish a comprehensive transcriptomic database for this species. The transcripts putatively encoding for CYP450s were mapped using transcriptomic analysis and identified across growth and development stages. With the aid of phylogeny, 28 transcripts of 42 putative P. ornatus CYP450s were annotated, including the well conserved Halloween genes, which are involved in ecdysteroidogenesis. Expression patterns across the life stages determined that only a subset of the CYP450s can be detected in each life stage or tissue. Four Shed transcripts show overlapping expression between metamorphosis and adult tissues, suggesting pleotropic functions of the multiple Shed orthologs within P. ornatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L. Lewis
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.L.L.); (A.E.)
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Quinn P. Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (Q.P.F.); (G.G.S.)
| | - Gregory G. Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (Q.P.F.); (G.G.S.)
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.L.L.); (A.E.)
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.L.L.); (A.E.)
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
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15
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Kozma MT, Pérez-Moreno JL, Gandhi NS, Hernandez Jeppesen L, Durica DS, Ventura T, Mykles DL. In silico analysis of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family G protein-coupled receptor candidates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1322800. [PMID: 38298185 PMCID: PMC10828670 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1322800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecdysteroid molting hormone synthesis is directed by a pair of molting glands or Y-organs (YOs), and this synthesis is inhibited by molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH). MIH is a member of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) neuropeptide superfamily, which includes CHH and insect ion transport peptide (ITP). It is hypothesized that the MIH receptor is a Class A (Rhodopsin-like) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). The YO of the blackback land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, expresses 49 Class A GPCRs, three of which (Gl-CHHR-A9, -A10, and -A12) were provisionally assigned as CHH-like receptors. CrusTome, a transcriptome database assembled from 189 crustaceans and 12 ecdysozoan outgroups, was used to deorphanize candidate MIH/CHH GPCRs, relying on sequence homology to three functionally characterized ITP receptors (BNGR-A2, BNGR-A24, and BNGR-A34) in the silk moth, Bombyx mori. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignments across major taxonomic groups revealed extensive expansion and diversification of crustacean A2, A24, and A34 receptors, designated CHH Family Receptor Candidates (CFRCs). The A2 clade was divided into three subclades; A24 clade was divided into five subclades; and A34 was divided into six subclades. The subclades were distinguished by conserved motifs in extracellular loop (ECL) 2 and ECL3 in the ligand-binding region. Eleven of the 14 subclades occurred in decapod crustaceans. In G. lateralis, seven CFRC sequences, designated Gl-CFRC-A2α1, -A24α, -A24β1, -A24β2, -A34α2, -A34β1, and -A34β2, were identified; the three A34 sequences corresponded to Gl-GPCR-A12, -A9, and A10, respectively. ECL2 in all the CFRC sequences had a two-stranded β-sheet structure similar to human Class A GPCRs, whereas the ECL2 of decapod CFRC-A34β1/β2 had an additional two-stranded β-sheet. We hypothesize that this second β-sheet on ECL2 plays a role in MIH/CHH binding and activation, which will be investigated further with functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihika T. Kozma
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - Neha S. Gandhi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - David S. Durica
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Centre for BioInnovation and School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald L. Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute, University of California-Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, CA, United States
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16
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Ishibashi Y, Sadamitsu S, Fukahori Y, Yamamoto Y, Tanogashira R, Watanabe T, Hayashi M, Ito M, Okino N. Characterization of thraustochytrid-specific sterol O-acyltransferase: modification of DGAT2-like enzyme to increase the sterol production in Aurantiochytrium limacinum mh0186. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0100123. [PMID: 37874286 PMCID: PMC10686087 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01001-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Since the global market for sterols and vitamin D are grown with a high compound annual growth rate, a sustainable source of these compounds is required to keep up with the increasing demand. Thraustochytrid is a marine oleaginous microorganism that can synthesize several sterols, which are stored as SE in lipid droplets. DGAT2C is an unconventional SE synthase specific to thraustochytrids. Although the primary structure of DGAT2C shows high similarities with that of DGAT, DGAT2C utilizes sterol as an acceptor substrate instead of diacylglycerol. In this study, we examined more detailed enzymatic properties, intracellular localization, and structure-activity relationship of DGAT2C. Furthermore, we successfully developed a method to increase sterol and provitamin D3 productivity of thraustochytrid by more than threefold in the process of elucidating the function of the DGAT2C-specific N-terminal region. Our findings could lead to sustainable sterol and vitamin D production using thraustochytrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ishibashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohei Sadamitsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Fukahori
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rin Tanogashira
- Kyushu University Future Creators in Science Project (QFC-SP), Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nozomu Okino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Benrabaa SAM, Chang SA, Chang ES, Mykles DL. Effects of molting on the expression of ecdysteroid biosynthesis genes in the Y-organ of the blackback land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 340:114304. [PMID: 37127083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A pair of Y-organs (YOs) synthesize ecdysteroids that initiate and coordinate molting processes in decapod crustaceans. The YO converts cholesterol to secreted products through a biosynthetic pathway involving a Rieske oxygenase encoded by Neverland (Nvd) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases encoded by Halloween genes Spook (Spo; Cyp307a1), Phantom (Phm; Cyp306a1), Disembodied (Dib; Cyp302a1), and Shadow (Sad; Cyp315a1). NAD kinase (NADK) and 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) support ecdysteroid synthesis in insects. A 20-hydroxylase, encoded by Shed in decapods and Shade in insects, converts ecdysone to the active hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). 20E is inactivated by cytochrome P450 26-hydroxylase (Cyp18a1). Contigs encoding these eight proteins were extracted from a Gecarcinus lateralis YO transcriptome and their expression was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. mRNA levels of Gl-Spo and Gl-Phm were four orders of magnitude higher in YO than those in nine other tissues, while mRNA levels of Gl-NADK and Gl-ALAS were similar in all ten tissues. In G. lateralis induced to molt by multiple leg autotomy, YO mRNA levels of Gl-Nvd, Gl-Spo, Gl-Phm, Gl-NADK, and Gl-ALAS were highest in intermolt and premolt stages and lower in postmolt. Gl-Dib mRNA level was not affected by molt stage. mRNA level of Gl-Sad, which converts 2-deoxyecdysone to ecdysone, was higher in mid- and late premolt stages, when YO ecdysteroidogenic capacity is greatest. Gl-Cyp18a1 mRNA level was highest in intermolt, decreased in premolt stages, and was lowest in postmolt. In animals induced to molt by eyestalk ablation, YO mRNA levels of all eight genes were not correlated with increased hemolymph 20E titers. These results suggest that YO ecdysteroidogenic genes are differentially regulated at transcriptional and translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon A Chang
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Ernest S Chang
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Donald L Mykles
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA.
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18
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Shao S, Mo N, Yang Y, Cui Z, Bao C. Identifying sex-differential gene expression in the antennal gland of the swimming crab by transcriptomic analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 46:101087. [PMID: 37178607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The antennal glands (AnGs) are recognized as an important organ that functions in ion regulation and excretion in decapods. Previously, many studies had explored this organ at the biochemical, physiological, and ultrastructural levels but had few molecular resources. In this study, the transcriptomes of the male and female AnGs of Portunus trituberculatus were sequenced using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. Genes involved in osmoregulation and organic/inorganic solute transport were identified. This suggests that AnGs might be involved in these physiological functions as versatile organs. A total of 469 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further identified between male and female transcriptomes and found to be male-biased. Enrichment analysis showed that females were enriched in amino acid metabolism and males were enriched in nucleic acid metabolism. These results suggested differences in possible metabolic patterns between males and females. Furthermore, two transcription factors related to reproduction, namely AF4/FMR2 family members Lilli (Lilli) and Virilizer (Vir), were identified in DEGs. Lilli was found to be specifically expressed in the male AnGs, whereas Vir showed high expression levels in the female AnGs. The expression of up-regulated metabolism and sexual development-related genes in three males and six females was verified by qRT-PCR and the pattern was found to be consistent with the transcriptome expression pattern. Our results suggest that although the AnG is a unified somatic tissue composed of individual cells, it still demonstrates distinct sex-specific expression patterns. These results provide foundational knowledge of the function and differences between male and female AnGs in P. trituberculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Nan Mo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Zhaoxia Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Chenchang Bao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China..
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19
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Gholamhosseini A, Banaee M, Sureda A, Timar N, Zeidi A, Faggio C. Physiological response of freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus exposed to polyethylene microplastics at different temperature. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 267:109581. [PMID: 36813019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Not long after plastic-made material became an inseparable part of our lives, microplastics (MPs) found their way into ecosystems. Aquatic organisms are one of the groups impacted by man-made materials and plastics; however, the varied effects of MPs on these organisms have yet to be fully understood. Therefore, to clarify this issue, 288 freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) were assigned to eight experimental groups (2 × 4 factorial design) and exposed to 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) per kg of food at 17 and 22 °C for 30 days. Then samples were taken from hemolymph and hepatopancreas to measure biochemical parameters, hematology, and oxidative stress. The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and catalase activities increased significantly in crayfish exposed to PE-MPs, while the phenoxy-peroxidase, gamma-glutamyl peptidase, and lysozyme activities decreased. Glucose and malondialdehyde levels in crayfish exposed to PE-MPs were significantly higher than in the control groups. However, triglyceride, cholesterol, and total protein levels decreased significantly. The results showed that the increase in temperature significantly affected the activity of hemolymph enzymes, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol contents. The semi-granular cells, hyaline cells, granular cell percentages, and total hemocytes increased significantly with the PE-MPs exposure. Temperature also had a significant effect on the hematological indicators. Overall, the results showed that temperature variations could synergistically affect the changes induced by PE-MPs in biochemical parameters, immunity, oxidative stress, and the number of hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gholamhosseini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Nooh Timar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Zeidi
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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20
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Liu X, Zhang A, Chen Z, Feng Y, Wang D, Zhu B. An ecdysteroid-regulated 16-kDa protein homolog participates in the immune response of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108750. [PMID: 37084855 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An ecdysteroid-regulated 16-kDa protein homolog (named Pc-E16), encoding 150 amino acid residues with a conserved MD-2-related lipid-recognition domain, was first identified in Procambarus clarkii. Phylogenetic analyses indicated similarity between Pc-E16 and 16-kDa proteins from Aplysia californica and insects. Recombinant Pc-E16 protein was successfully expressed in BL21 (DE3) Escherichia coli cells, and polyclonal antibodies against purified Pc-E16 proteins were prepared. In comparison with other tissues, Pc-E16 was highly expressed in the intestine; real-time PCR and Western blotting results indicated that Pc-E16 expression was significantly induced by lipopolysaccharides in hepatopancreas and hemocytes. Pc-E16-mediated signaling pathways were investigated by digital gene expression analysis following RNA interference targeting Pc-E16. A total of 6103 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 3318 were up- and 2785 were downregulated. Many DEGs were involved in binding and catalytic activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were clustered into 225 pathways, and 15 significantly enriched pathways were identified at the immune system level. In addition, the expression level of Pc-E16 in hemocytes and hepatopancreas was obviously downregulated at 48 h after dsRNA injection, and Pc-E16-RNAi treatment affected the expression levels of immune-related genes. Altogether, our results suggest that Pc-E16 is involved in the innate immune response of P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Awei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Daojun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Baojian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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21
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Ammonia Stress Disturbs Moult Signaling in Juvenile Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030409. [PMID: 36979101 PMCID: PMC10045928 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is a significant concern during hatchery culture in brachyuran species, and its accumulation may lead to abortive moulting and large-scale deaths of the early juveniles. To date, the underlying mechanism for ammonia-induced alteration of the moulting process is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ammonia on the moulting as well as the potential mechanisms in early juveniles of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus, an important aquaculture species in China. We evaluated the survival rate and moulting rate of the juvenile crabs (C2) and analyzed the expression pattern of the genes in key components of molt signaling during a complete moulting cycle under different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (the control group: <0.1 mg/L; the LA group: 5 mg/L; and the HA group: 20 mg/L). The results showed that: (1) the survival rate in the LA and HA groups was lower than that in the control group at the end of the experiment, and moulting death syndrome (MDS) was only observed in the HA group; (2) the moulting rate was higher in the LA group and lower in the HA group compared to the control group; (3) consistent with the results of the moulting experiment, MIH showed decreased expression, and genes related to ecdysteroid synthesis, ecdysteroid receptors, and responsive effectors exhibited increased expression in the LA group compared to the control group; and (4) although MIH expression was upregulated, increased expression of the genes associated with ecdysteroid synthesis, ecdysteroid receptors and downstream effectors still observed in the HA group. Our results indicated that low levels of ammonia can promote moulting in juvenile swimming crabs by inhibiting the expression of MIH and activating moult signaling, whereas high levels of ammonia inhibit moulting and lead to MDS through impairing moult signaling.
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Qi H, Cao H, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Jin Q, Wang Y, Zhang K, Deng D. Cloning and functional analysis of the molting gene CYP302A1 of Daphnia sinensis. Front Zool 2023; 20:2. [PMID: 36635746 PMCID: PMC9835317 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-023-00483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molting is an important physiological process in the growth and development of arthropoda, which is mainly regulated by juvenile hormone and ecdysone. CYP302A1 is a key enzyme which plays a critical role in the synthesis of ecdysone in insects, but it has not been identified in cladocera. RESULTS The CYP302Al gene of Daphnia sinensis was cloned and its function was analyzed in this paper. The CYP302Al gene of D. sinensis was 5926 bp in full-length, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1596 bp that encoded 531 amino acids (aa), a molecular weight of 60.82 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.29. The amino acid sequence analysis revealed that there were five characteristic conserved regions of cytochrome P450 family (namely helix-C, helix-K, helix-I, PERF and heme-binding). In dsRNA mediated experiment, the expression level of CYP302A1 gene decreased significantly (knock-down of 56.22%) in the 5% Escherichia coli concentration treatment. In addition, the expression levels of EcR and USP and HR3 genes in the downstream were also significantly decreased, whereas that of FTZ-f1 gene increased significantly. In the 5% E. coli treatment, the molting time at maturity of D. sinensis prolonged, and the development of embryos in the incubation capsule appeared abnormal or disintegrated. The whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that the CYP302A1 gene of D. sinensis had six expression sites before RNA interference (RNAi), which located in the first antennal ganglion, ovary, cecae, olfactory hair, thoracic limb and tail spine. However, the expression signal of the CYP302A1 gene of D. sinensis disappeared in the first antennal ganglion and obviously attenuated in the ovary after RNAi. CONCLUSION The CYP302A1 gene played an important role in the ecdysone synthesis pathway of D. sinensis, and the knock-down of the gene affected the molting and reproduction of D. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Qi
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Cao
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qide Jin
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeping Wang
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Daogui Deng
- grid.440755.70000 0004 1793 4061School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000 People’s Republic of China
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Techa S, Thongda W, Bunphimpapha P, Ittarat W, Boonbangyang M, Wilantho A, Ngamphiw C, Pratoomchat B, Nounurai P, Piyapattanakorn S. Isolation and functional identification of secretin family G-protein coupled receptor from Y-organ of the mud crab, Scylla olivacea. Gene X 2023; 848:146900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Zhu T, Zhou Q, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Luo J, Zhang X, Shen Y, Jiao L, Tocher DR, Jin M. Dietary cholesterol promotes growth and ecdysone signalling pathway by modulating cholesterol transport in swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus). ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:249-260. [PMID: 35785252 PMCID: PMC9234081 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol, as an indispensable nutrient, regulates molting and growth in crustacean. As crustaceans are unable to biosynthesize cholesterol de novo, it is central to understand how dietary cholesterol affects molting in crustaceans. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cholesterol level (0.12%, 0.43%, 0.79%, 1.00%, 1.30% and 2.50%) on growth, cholesterol metabolism and expression of genes related to lipid and ecdysone metabolism in female swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus). A total of 192 crabs (1.41 ± 0.05 g) were randomly distributed into 192 aquaria. Each treatment had 4 replicates with each replicate containing 8 crabs. Crabs fed the 1.00% cholesterol diet showed best growth performance, and thus based on percent weight gain, the optimal dietary cholesterol requirement was calculated at 1.01%. Tissue cholesterol concentrations were positively correlated with dietary cholesterol level. The contents of functional fatty acids in hepatopancreas significantly increased as dietary cholesterol increased from 0.12% to 2.50% (P < 0.05). The expression levels of genes related to lipogenesis pathway, lipid catabolism and fatty acid oxidation were significantly down-regulated with increased dietary cholesterol level (P < 0.05). The highest expression levels of cholesterol transport genes, low-density lipoprotein receptor (ldlr) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 (lrp2) occurred in crabs fed the 1.30% cholesterol diet. Moreover, hormones related to molting such as crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), methyl farnesoate (MF), molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), and ecdysone in hemolymph were significantly influenced by dietary cholesterol level (P < 0.05). The highest expression levels of ecdysone receptor (ecr) and chitinase 1 (chi1) in eyestalk and hepatopancreas were found in crabs fed the diet containing 1.00% cholesterol (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the optimal dietary level was beneficial to functional fatty acid accumulation, regulated lipid metabolism, promoted the ecdysone signalling pathway by improving the cholesterol transport, and improved the molting rate and growth of swimming crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zheng Yang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaxiang Luo
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Xiangsheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Yuedong Shen
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
| | - Douglas R. Tocher
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, 515063 Shantou, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Liu Z, Huang Z, Zheng X, Zheng Z, Yao D, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ. The juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase homolog in Penaeus vannamei plays immune-related functions. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 132:104410. [PMID: 35398160 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) participates in the degradation of juvenile hormone and also involved in the development and molting process in insects. Here, the JHEH homolog in Pennaus vannamei was cloned and found to consist of a full-length cDNA of 2543 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1386 bp. Transcripts of PvJHEH1 were expressed in most tissues of healthy shrimp with the highest found in the hepatopancreas and lowest in hemocytes. Both Gram-negative (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and Gram-positive (Streptococcus iniae) bacteria induced PvJHEH1 expression in shrimp hemocytes and hepatopancreas, suggesting the involvement of PvJHEH1 in P. vannamei immune responses. Moreover, the mRNA levels of ecdysone inducible nuclear transcription factor PvE75 and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (PvCHH), two endocrine-related genes with roles in shrimp innate immune response, decreased significantly in shrimp hemocytes after PvJHEH1 knockdown. Shrimp survival was also affected after PvJHEH1 knockdown followed by V. parahaemolyticus challenge, indicating that JHEH1 plays an essential role in shrimp survival during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyan Liu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zishu Huang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.
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Li J, Gou Y, Yang J, Zhao L, Wang B, Hao T, Sun J. Genome-scale metabolic network model of Eriocheir sinensis icrab4665 and nutritional requirement analysis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:475. [PMID: 35764922 PMCID: PMC9238104 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Genome-scale metabolic network models (GEMs) provide an efficient platform for the comprehensive analysis the physical and biochemical functions of organisms due to their systematic perspective on the study of metabolic processes. Eriocheir sinensis is an important economic species cultivated on a large scale because it is delicious and nutritious and has a high economic value. Feed improvement is one of the important methods to improve the yield of E. sinensis and control water pollution caused by the inadequate absorption of feed.
Results
In this study, a GEM of E. sinensis, icrab4665, was reconstructed based on the transcriptome sequencing, combined with KEGG database, literature and experimental data. The icrab4665 comprised 4665 unigenes, 2060 reactions and 1891 metabolites, which were distributed in 12 metabolic subsystems and 113 metabolic pathways. The model was used to predict the optimal nutrient requirements of E. sinensis in feed, and suggestions for feed improvement were put forward based on the simulation results. The simulation results showed that arginine, methionine, isoleucine and phenylalanine had more active metabolism in E. sinensis. It was suggested that the amount of these essential amino acids should be proportionally higher than that of other amino acids in the feed to ensure the amino acid metabolism of E. sinensis. On the basis of the simulation results, we further suggested increasing the amount of linoleic acid, EPA and DHA in the feed to ensure the intake of essential fatty acids for the growth of E. sinensis and promote the accumulation of cell substances. In addition, the amounts of zinc and selenium in the feed were also suggested to be properly increased to ensure the basic metabolism and growth demand of E. sinensis.
Conclusion
The largest GEM of E. sinensis was reconstructed and suggestions were provide for the improvement of feed contents based on the model simulation. This study promoted the exploration of feed optimization for aquatic crustaceans from in vivo and in silico. The results provided guidance for improving the feed proportion for E. sinensis, which is of great significance to improve its yield and economic value.
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David DD, de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Zanotto FP, Castrucci AMDL. CasEcR and CasMIH Genes in the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus: A Temporal Evaluation and Melatonin Effects. Front Physiol 2022; 13:903060. [PMID: 35800348 PMCID: PMC9253825 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.903060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental cues synchronize endogenous rhythms of many physiological processes such as hormone synthesis and secretion. Little is known about the diurnal pattern of hormones and gene expression of the Callinectes sapidus molt cycle. We aimed to investigate in the eyestalk and hepatopancreas of premolt and intermolt C. sapidus the following parameters: 1) the diurnal expression of the ecdysteroid receptor CasEcR isoforms, and the molt inhibiting hormone CasMIH; 2) the diurnal hemolymph ecdysteroid and melatonin levels; and 3) melatonin effects on the transcripts of the above-mentioned genes in intermolt C. sapidus. Ecdysteroid levels were higher in the premolt than the intermolt animals at all time points evaluated (ZTs). Premolt crabs displayed a variation of ecdysteroid concentration between time points, with a reduction at ZT17. No difference in the melatonin level was seen in either molt stage or between stages. In the eyestalk of intermolt animals, CasEcR expression oscillated, with a peak at ZT9, and premolt crabs have a reduction at ZT9; CasMIH transcripts did not vary along 24 h in either molt stage. Moreover, the evaluated eyestalk genes were more expressed at ZT9 in the intermolt than the premolt crabs. In the hepatopancreas, CasEcR expression showed a peak at ZT9 in premolt crabs. Exogenous melatonin (10−7 mol/animal) reduced the expression of both genes in the eyestalk at ZT17. In the hepatopancreas, melatonin markedly increased the expression of the CasEcR gene at ZT9. Taken altogether, our results are pioneer in demonstrating the daily oscillation of gene expression associated to molt cycle stages, as well as the daily ecdysteroid and melatonin levels and the remarkable influence of melatonin on the molt cycle of C. sapidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dantas David
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, Lübeck University, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria Nathalia Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Pinheiro Zanotto
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
- *Correspondence: Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci,
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28
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Disposition of trace elements in the mangrove ecosystem and their effects on Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Biometals 2022; 35:853-873. [PMID: 35717641 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The tropical mangrove at the Estação Ecológica do Lameirão (Southeastern Brazil), an ecosystem of high socio-economic value, receives a large load of pollutants from domestic, industrial, and agricultural sources. Samples of interstitial water, sediments, and crustacean specimens were collected at different periods and regions throughout the study area to measure the concentrations of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and tin (Sn) along the mangrove, as well as the bioaccumulation behavior in the crab Ucides cordatus. Subsequently, we correlated the accumulation of metals in U. cordatus with the concentrations of metals in the environment and physicochemical and climatic factors. Furthermore, we compared the bioconcentration factors (BFCs) of trace elements with the concentration levels obtained from the mangrove sediment. The fluctuation of rain and tide throughout the study period caused oscillations in the concentrations of trace elements. This condition induced bioconcentration records (BFC > 1), influencing the bioaccumulation trend in U. cordatus. We also identified that the lowest metal concentration values in the sediment were close to the river, indicating that the rivers cause a dilution effect. Finally, we found that the hepatopancreas had the highest levels of bioaccumulated heavy metals, explained by its detoxifying ability. In females of U. cordatus, we found a slightly lower accumulation of trace elements when compared to males, possibly related to the high rate of ecdysis in females. Ucides cordatus is a species widely used for human consumption. Our results show that the mangrove environment influences the concentration of trace elements in this organism, which the authorities should consider in mapping safer fishing areas.
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Borchel A, Komisarczuk AZ, Nilsen F. Sex differences in the early life stages of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266022. [PMID: 35358250 PMCID: PMC8970357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmon lice are ectoparasites on salmonids and feed on blood, mucus, and skin from their hosts. This causes high annual costs for treatment and control for the aquaculture industry. Salmon lice have a life cycle consisting of eight life stages. Sex determination by eye is only possible from the sixth stage onwards. A molecular sex determination has not been carried out so far, even though few individual sex-linked SNPs have been reported. In the present study, we used known sex-specific SNPs as a basis to sequence the complete sex-specific gene variants and used the sequence information to develop a sex determination assay. This assay could be used to determine the developmental speed of the two sexes already in the earliest life stages. Additionally, we sampled salmon lice in the nauplius II stage, determined the sex of each individual, pooled their RNA according to their sex, and used RNA sequencing to search for differences in gene expression and further sex-specific SNPs. We succeeded in developing a sex-determination assay that works on DNA or RNA from even the earliest larval stages of the salmon louse after hatching. At these early developmental stages, male salmon lice develop slightly quicker than females. We detected several previously unknown, sex-specific SNPs in our RNA-data seq, but only very few genes showed a differential expression between the sexes. Potential connections between SNPs, gene expression, and development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Borchel
- Department of Biological Sciences, SLRC—Sea Lice Research Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Zofia Komisarczuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, SLRC—Sea Lice Research Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Nilsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, SLRC—Sea Lice Research Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Andersen Ø, Johnsen H, Wittmann AC, Harms L, Thesslund T, Berg RS, Siikavuopio S, Mykles DL. De novo transcriptome assemblies of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) molting gland and eyestalk ganglia - Temperature effects on expression of molting and growth regulatory genes in adult red king crab. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110678. [PMID: 34655763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) are deep-sea crustaceans widely distributed in the North Pacific and Northwest Atlantic Oceans. These giant predators have invaded the Barents Sea over the past decades, and climate-driven temperature changes may influence their distribution and abundance in the sub-Arctic region. Molting and growth in crustaceans are strongly affected by temperature, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are little known, particularly in cold-water species. Here, we describe multiple regulatory factors in the two high-latitude crabs by developing de novo transcriptomes from the molting gland (Y-organ or YO) and eye stalk ganglia (ESG), in addition to the hepatopancreas and claw muscle of red king crab. The Halloween genes encoding the ecdysteroidogenic enzymes were expressed in YO, and the ESG contained multiple neuropeptides, including molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), and ion-transport peptide (ITP). Both crabs expressed a diversity of growth-related factors, such as mTOR, AKT, Rheb and AMPKα, and stress-responsive factors, including multiple heat shock proteins (HSPs). Temperature effects on the expression of key regulatory genes were quantified by qPCR in adult red king crab males kept at 4 °C or 10 °C for two weeks during intermolt. The Halloween genes tended to be upregulated in YO at high temperature, while the ecdysteroid receptor and several growth regulators showed tissue-specific responses to elevated temperature. Constitutive and heat-inducible HSPs were expressed in an inverse temperature-dependent manner, suggesting that adult red king crabs can acclimate to increased water temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øivind Andersen
- Nofima, Tromsø NO-9291, Norway; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences (IHA), Faculty of Life Sciences (BIOVIT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), PO Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway.
| | - Hanne Johnsen
- Nofima, Tromsø NO-9291, Norway; Norwegian Polar Institute, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Astrid C Wittmann
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Lars Harms
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Donald L Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
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Hou X, Yang H, Chen X, Wang J, Wang C. RNA interference of mTOR gene delays molting process in Eriocheir sinensis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110651. [PMID: 34320378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
mTOR is a typical and conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth and metabolism of organisms. Molting is a fundamental biological process in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and is monitored by a series of genes and pathways. The structural and functional characteristics of EsmTOR was investigated to determine the role of mTOR in the molting process of. The intact CDS of EsmTOR is 7449 bp in length and encodes a polypeptide consisting of 2482 amino acids. EsmTOR was expressed in all eight tissues examined during the three molting stages (postmolt, intermolt andpremolt), with levels fluctuating significantly during the molting. RNA interference of EsmTOR significantly delayed molting, indicating that mTOR may be involved in the molting process of E. sinensis. Meanwhile, a substantial downregulation was observed for the expression of upstream genes involved in amino acid transport (EsSLC7A5 and EsVATB) and downstream genes promoting ribosomal protein synthesis (EsS6K1) in the mTOR signaling pathway, as well as typical molt-related genes (EsMIH and EsEcR) after EsmTOR RNAi treatment. In addition, EsRheb, a molecular marker for tissue growth, was also significantly down-regulated. This study suggests that EsmTOR plays a fundamental role in molting regulation through the SLC7A5-V-ATPase-mTORC1 gene network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/ National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education / Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No.999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, PR China
| | - He Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/ National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education / Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No.999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/ National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education / Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No.999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/ National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education / Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No.999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/ National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education / Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No.999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, PR China.
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Feleke M, Bennett S, Chen J, Chandler D, Hu X, Xu J. Biological insights into the rapid tissue regeneration of freshwater crayfish and crustaceans. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:740-753. [PMID: 34165197 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater crayfish is capable of regenerating limbs, following autotomy, injury and predation. In arthropod species, regeneration and moulting are two processes linked and strongly regulated by ecdysone. The regeneration of crayfish limbs is divided into wound healing, blastema formation, cellular reprogramming and tissue patterning. Limb blastema cells undergo proliferation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. A limb bud, containing folded segments of the regenerating limb, is encased within a cuticular sheath. The functional limb regenerates, in proecdysis, in two to three consecutive moults. Rapid tissue growth is regulated by hormones, limb nerves and local cells. The TGF-β/activin signalling pathway has been determined in the crayfish, P. fallax f. virginalis, and is suggested as a potential regulator of tissue regeneration. In this review article, we discuss current understanding of tissue regeneration in the crayfish and various crustaceans. A thorough understanding of the cellular, genetic and molecular pathways of these biological processes is promising for the development of therapeutic applications for a wide array of diseases in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesalie Feleke
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jiazhi Chen
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Chandler
- Australian Genome Research Facility, Medical Research Foundation, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Mykles DL. Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:674711. [PMID: 34234741 PMCID: PMC8256442 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.674711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A pair of Y-organs (YOs) are the molting glands of decapod crustaceans. They synthesize and secrete steroid molting hormones (ecdysteroids) and their activity is controlled by external and internal signals. The YO transitions through four physiological states over the molt cycle, which are mediated by molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH; basal state), mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1; activated state), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)/Activin (committed state), and ecdysteroid (repressed state) signaling pathways. MIH, produced in the eyestalk X-organ/sinus gland complex, inhibits the synthesis of ecdysteroids. A model for MIH signaling is organized into a cAMP/Ca2+-dependent triggering phase and a nitric oxide/cGMP-dependent summation phase, which maintains the YO in the basal state during intermolt. A reduction in MIH release triggers YO activation, which requires mTORC1-dependent protein synthesis, followed by mTORC1-dependent gene expression. TGFβ/Activin signaling is required for YO commitment in mid-premolt. The YO transcriptome has 878 unique contigs assigned to 23 KEGG signaling pathways, 478 of which are differentially expressed over the molt cycle. Ninety-nine contigs encode G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), 65 of which bind a variety of neuropeptides and biogenic amines. Among these are putative receptors for MIH/crustacean hyperglycemic hormone neuropeptides, corazonin, relaxin, serotonin, octopamine, dopamine, allatostatins, Bursicon, ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH), CCHamide, FMRFamide, and proctolin. Contigs encoding receptor tyrosine kinase insulin-like receptor, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor and ligands EGF and FGF suggest that the YO is positively regulated by insulin-like peptides and growth factors. Future research should focus on the interactions of signaling pathways that integrate physiological status with environmental cues for molt control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L. Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- University of California-Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, CA, United States
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Okamoto N, Yamanaka N. Transporter-mediated ecdysteroid trafficking across cell membranes: A novel target for insect growth regulators. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2021; 46:23-28. [PMID: 33746543 PMCID: PMC7953032 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d20-071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecdysteroids are a class of steroid hormones in arthropods that control molting and metamorphosis through interaction with intracellular nuclear receptors. In contrast to the extensive literature describing their biosynthetic pathways and signaling components, little has been known about how these hormones are traveling into and out of the cells through lipid bilayers of the cell membranes. Recently, a series of studies conducted in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster revealed that membrane transporters have critical functions in trafficking ecdysteroids across cell membranes, challenging the classical simple diffusion model of steroid hormone transport. Here we summarize recent advances in our understanding of membrane transporters involved in ecdysteroid signaling in Drosophila, with particular focus on Ecdysone Importer (EcI) that is involved in ecdysteroid uptake in peripheral tissues. We then discuss the potential advantage of EcI blockers as a novel pest management tool as compared to classical insect growth regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Okamoto
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamanaka
- Department of Entomology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Yang ZM, Yu N, Wang SJ, Korai SK, Liu ZW. Characterization of ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the pond wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:71-80. [PMID: 33131130 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecdysteroids, as the key growth hormones, regulate moulting, metamorphosis and reproduction in arthropods. Ecdysteroid biosynthesis is catalysed by a series of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s) encoded by Halloween genes, including spook (spo), phantom (phm), disembodied (dib), shadow (sad) and shade (shd). The ecdysteroid biosynthesis in insects is clear with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) as the main ecdysteroid. However, the information on the major ecdysteroids in arachnids is limited. In this study, Halloween genes spo, dib, sad and shd, but not phm, were identified in the pond wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata. Phylogenetic analysis grouped arachnid and insect Halloween gene products into two CYP450 clades, the CYP2 clan (spo and phm) and the mitochondrial clan (dib, sad, and shd). In P. pseudoannulata, the temporal expression profile of the four Halloween genes in concurrence with spiderling moulting with steady increase in the course of the 2nd instar followed by a rapid dropdown once moulting was completed. Spatially, the four Halloween genes were highly expressed in spiderling abdomen and in the ovaries of female adults. In parallel, ponasterone A (PA), but not 20E, was detected by LC-MS/MS analysis in P. pseudoannulata, and it was demonstrated as a functional ecdysteroid in the spider by accelerating of moulting with PA addition. The present study revealed the different ecdysteroid biosynthesis pathways in spiders and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-M Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - N Yu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S-J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S K Korai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z-W Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Swall ME, Benrabaa SAM, Tran NM, Tran TD, Ventura T, Mykles DL. Characterization of Shed genes encoding ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (CYP314A1) in the Y-organ of the blackback land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 301:113658. [PMID: 33159911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molting in decapod crustaceans is controlled by ecdysteroid hormones synthesized and secreted by the molting gland, or Y-organ (YO). Halloween genes encode cytochrome P450 enzymes in the ecdysteroid synthetic pathway. The current paradigm is that YOs secrete an inactive precursor (e.g., ecdysone or E), which is hydroxylated at the #20 carbon to form an active hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone or 20E) by a mitochonrial 20-monooxygenase (CYP314A1) in peripheral tissues. 20-Monooxygenase is encoded by Shed in decapods and Shade in insects. We used eastern spiny lobster Shed sequences to extract six orthologs in the G. lateralis YO transcriptome. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences from six decapod species organized the Sheds into seven classes (Sheds 1-7), resulting in the assignment of the G. lateralis Sheds to Gl-Shed1, 2, 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B. The mRNA levels of the six Gl-Sheds in the YO of intermolt animals were comparable to those in nine other tissues that included hepatopancreas and muscle. qPCR was used to compare the effects of molt induction by multiple leg autotomy (MLA) and eyestalk ablation (ESA) on Gl-Shed mRNA levels in the YO. Molt stage had little effect on Gl-Shed1 and Gl-Shed5B expression in the YO of MLA animals. Gl-Shed5A was expressed at the highest mRNA levels in the YO and was significantly increased during early and mid premolt stages. By contrast, ESA ± SB431542 had no effect on Gl-Shed expression at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post-ESA. SB431542, which inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-β/activin signaling and blocks YO commitment, decreased Gl-Shed2 and Gl-Shed4A mRNA levels at 14 days post-ESA. A targeted metabolomic analysis showed that YOs cultured in vitro secreted E and 20E to the medium. These data suggest that the YO expresses 20-monooygenases that can convert E to 20E, which may contribute to the increase in active hormone in the hemolymph during premolt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Swall
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Samiha A M Benrabaa
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Nhut M Tran
- GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Trong D Tran
- GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Donald L Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Knigge T, LeBlanc GA, Ford AT. A Crab Is Not a Fish: Unique Aspects of the Crustacean Endocrine System and Considerations for Endocrine Toxicology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:587608. [PMID: 33737907 PMCID: PMC7961072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.587608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustaceans-and arthropods in general-exhibit many unique aspects to their physiology. These include the requirement to moult (ecdysis) in order to grow and reproduce, the ability to change color, and multiple strategies for sexual differentiation. Accordingly, the endocrine regulation of these processes involves hormones, receptors, and enzymes that differ from those utilized by vertebrates and other non-arthropod invertebrates. As a result, environmental chemicals known to disrupt endocrine processes in vertebrates are often not endocrine disruptors in crustaceans; while, chemicals that disrupt endocrine processes in crustaceans are often not endocrine disruptors in vertebrates. In this review, we present an overview of the evolution of the endocrine system of crustaceans, highlight endocrine endpoints known to be a target of disruption by chemicals, and identify other components of endocrine signaling that may prove to be targets of disruption. This review highlights that crustaceans need to be evaluated for endocrine disruption with consideration of their unique endocrine system and not with consideration of the endocrine system of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Knigge
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), Université Le Havre Normandie, Le Havre, France
- *Correspondence: Thomas Knigge,
| | - Gerald A. LeBlanc
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Alex T. Ford
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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38
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de Melo MS, Nazari EM, Müller YMR, Gismondi E. Roundup® disrupts chitinolytic enzyme activity and ecdysteroid concentration in Macrobrachium potiuna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43396-43402. [PMID: 33001392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine system of crustaceans regulates the molt cycle with ecdysteroid hormones, mainly the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE). Moreover, the molt process requires the action of chitinolytic enzymes (e.g., chitinase, chitobiase) to break down the old cuticle. However, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) are capable of altering their normal functioning. Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), such as Roundup®, the most widely used herbicides, are found in freshwater environments and have been considered EDC for many aquatic organisms. Therefore, this study examined the effects of environmentally relevant GBH concentrations (0.0065, 0.065, and 0.28 mg L-1) on the 20-HE concentration and chitobiase activity in the decapod prawn Macrobrachium potiuna exposed for 14 days. Additionally, lipid peroxidation, a biomarker of membrane lipid degradation, was evaluated in hepatopancreas to assess cellular damage. Results showed that GBH decreased the 20-HE concentration in females at the two highest concentrations tested, while an increase was observed in males exposed to the highest GBH concentration. In addition, GBH also decreased chitobiase activity in males (all concentrations) and females (the two highest concentrations). Finally, GBH caused increased lipid peroxidation in males, indicating cellular damage in the hepatopancreas. In conclusion, this work suggests that GBH is an EDC for crustaceans by disrupting molting, which could lead to altered reproduction and thus population dynamics. Graphical abstract Decrease in the 20-HE concentration and chitobiase activity in muscle of males and females of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium potiuna exposed to the herbicide Roundup® for 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson Silveira de Melo
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE), Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège B6c, 11 allée du 6 Août, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Rauh Müller
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eric Gismondi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE), Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège B6c, 11 allée du 6 Août, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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39
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Minh Nhut T, Mykles DL, Elizur A, Ventura T. Ecdysis triggering hormone modulates molt behaviour in the redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, providing a mechanistic evidence for conserved function in molt regulation across Pancrustacea. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 298:113556. [PMID: 32687930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molting enables growth and development across ecdysozoa. The molting process is strictly controlled by hormones - ecdysteroids. Ecdysteroidogenesis occurs in theprothoracic glands and stimulated by prothoracicotropic hormone in insects, while it ensues in the Y-organ and regulated by the molt inhibiting hormone in crustaceans. A peak in ecdysteroids in the hemolymph induces a cascade of multiple neuropeptides including Ecdysis Triggering Hormone (ETH) and Corazonin. The role of ETH is well defined in controlling the molt process in insects, but it is yet to be defined in crustaceans. In this study, we investigated the behavioral response of intermolt crayfish to ETH and Corazonin injections as well as the impact of ETH on the molt period using in vivo assays. Injection of Corazonin and ETH resulted in a clear and immediate eye twitching response to these two neuropeptides. The Corazonin injection induced eye twitching in slow and asynchronous manner, while ETH injection caused eye twitching in a relatively fast and synchronous way. A single injection of ETH to crayfish resulted in a remarkable prolong molt period, at twice the normal molting cycle, suggesting that ETH plays a key role in controlling the molt cycle in decapod crustaceans. Given the key significance of ETH in molt regulation and its plausible application in pest control, we characterized ETH across the pancrustacean orders. Bioinformatic analysis shows the mature ETH sequence is identical in all studied decapod species. ETH can be classified into specific groups based on the associated motif in each insect order and shows an insect motif -KxxPRx to be conserved in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Minh Nhut
- GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia.
| | - Donald L Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Abigail Elizur
- GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia.
| | - Tomer Ventura
- GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia.
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40
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Landman MJ, Fitzgibbon QP, Wirtz A, Codabaccus BM, Ventura T, Smith GG, Carter CG. Physiological status and nutritional condition of cultured juvenile Thenus australiensis over the moult cycle. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 250:110504. [PMID: 32916299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The moult cycle is arguably the most critical aspect of crustacean biology and is associated with dramatic changes in behaviour, physiology and condition. Here we describe the first detailed investigation of the combined changes in morphology, physiological status and nutritional condition over the moult cycle of juvenile T. australiensis. Haemolymph refractive index (measured as Brix) was evaluated as a non-destructive method for predicting physiological status and nutritional condition. Post-moult, inter-moult and pre-moult stages were identifiable by microscopic examination of the pleopod distal tips, though differentiation of the pre-moult substages was not possible using this technique. Monitoring of ecdysial suture lines on the exoskeleton gill chambers was found to be highly useful for visually determining progression through the pre-moult stage and predicting the timing of ecdysis. A classical pattern of inter-moult growth was observed where size and wet weight remained relatively uniform over the moult cycle while highly significant changes in whole-body composition were simultaneously observed over time. Growth was most evident by changes in dry weight and dry matter content which more than doubled by the onset of pre-moult. Changes in dry matter content were generally mirrored by Brix and whole-body crude protein, total lipid and gross energy content. Brix strongly correlated with dry matter content and significant correlations were also found for all other primary measures of nutritional condition. Typical moult-related changes were also found for circulating ecdysteroids. This study clearly demonstrates pronounced cyclical changes in physiology and condition of juvenile T. australiensis over a typical moult cycle. The significant correlations between haemolymph and whole-body composition validates Brix as a practical and non-destructive method to objectively assess physiological status, nutritional condition and quality in T. australiensis and further demonstrates its potential for individual crustacean assessment in experimental research and practical commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Landman
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Quinn P Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrea Wirtz
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Basseer M Codabaccus
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory G Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Chris G Carter
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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41
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Mykles DL, Chang ES. Hormonal control of the crustacean molting gland: Insights from transcriptomics and proteomics. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 294:113493. [PMID: 32339519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine control of molting in decapod crustaceans involves the eyestalk neurosecretory center (X-organ/sinus gland complex), regenerating limbs, and a pair of Y-organs (YOs), as molting is induced by eyestalk ablation or multiple leg autotomy and suspended in early premolt by limb bud autotomy. Molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), produced in the X-organ/sinus gland complex, inhibit the YO. The YO transitions through four physiological states over the molt cycle: basal in intermolt; activated in early premolt; committed in mid- and late premolt; and repressed in postmolt. We assembled the first comprehensive YO transcriptome over the molt cycle in the land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, showing that as many as 23 signaling pathways may interact in controlling ecdysteroidogenesis. A proposed model of the MIH/cyclic nucleotide pathway, which maintains the basal YO, consists of cAMP/Ca2+ triggering and nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP summation phases. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is required for YO activation in early premolt and affects the mRNA levels of thousands of genes. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)/Activin signaling is required for YO commitment in mid-premolt and high ecdysteroid titers at the end of premolt may trigger YO repression. The G. lateralis YO expresses 99 G protein-coupled receptors, three of which are putative receptors for MIH/CHH. Proteomic analysis shows the importance of radical oxygen species scavenging, cytoskeleton, vesicular secretion, immune response, and protein homeostasis and turnover proteins associated with YO function over the molt cycle. In addition to eyestalk ganglia, MIH mRNA and protein are present in brain, optic nerve, ventral nerve cord, and thoracic ganglion, suggesting that they are secondary sources of MIH. Down-regulation of mTOR signaling genes, in particular Ras homolog enriched in brain or Rheb, compensates for the effects of elevated temperature in the YO, heart, and eyestalk ganglia in juvenile Metacarcinus magister. Rheb expression increases in the activated and committed YO. These data suggest that mTOR plays a central role in mediating molt regulation by physiological and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of California-Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Ernest S Chang
- University of California-Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
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42
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Zhou X, Ye YZ, Ogihara MH, Takeshima M, Fujinaga D, Liu CW, Zhu Z, Kataoka H, Bao YY. Functional analysis of ecdysteroid biosynthetic enzymes of the rice planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 123:103428. [PMID: 32553573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecdysteroids, insect steroid hormones, play key roles in regulating insect development and reproduction. Hemipteran insects require ecdysteroids for egg production; however, ecdysteroid synthesis (ecdysteroidogenesis) details have not been elucidated. We identified all known genes encoding ecdysteroidogenic enzymes in Nilaparvata lugens and clarified their necessity during nymphal and ovarian development. We confirmed that N. lugens utilized 20-hydroxyecdysone as an active hormone. Assays using heterologous expression of enzymes in Drosophila S2 cells showed conserved functions of enzymes Neverland, CYP306A2, CYP314A1 and CYP315A1, but not CYP302A1. RNA interference and rescue analysis using 20-hydroxyecdysone demonstrated that most of the genes were necessary for nymphal development. The identified N. lugens enzymes showed conserved functions and pathways for ecdysteroidogenesis. Knockdown of ecdysteroidogenic enzyme genes in newly molted females caused failure of egg production: less vitellogenic and mature eggs in ovaries, fewer laid eggs and embryonic development deficiency of laid eggs. Considering the high expressions of ecdysteroidogenic enzyme genes in adults and ovaries, ecdysteroidogenesis in ovaries was critical for N. lugens ovarian development. Our study presents initial evidence that hemipteran insects require ecdysteroidogenesis for ovarian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Ye
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduated School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Mari H Ogihara
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduated School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8562, Japan; Present Address: Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Mika Takeshima
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduated School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Daiki Fujinaga
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduated School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Cheng-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduated School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduated School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8562, Japan.
| | - Yan-Yuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zou E. Invisible endocrine disruption and its mechanisms: A current review. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 293:113470. [PMID: 32234298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The research on impacts of environmental chemicals on crustacean molting dates back to the 1970s when ground-breaking studies investigated the disruption of molting in Crustacea by organochlorines. With the emergence of a new scientific inquiry, termed environmental endocrine disruption, in the early 1990s, increasing attention has been attracted to the possibility that environmental chemicals capable of wreaking havoc on sex steroid-regulated processes in vertebrates can also adversely affect ecdysteroid-mediated processes, e.g. molting, in crustaceans. Given the fact that many molting-disrupting chemicals accumulate in crustacean tissues and that the effect on molting is not readily visible in the field, the disruption of molting by environmental chemicals has been dubbed the invisible endocrine disruption. In recent years, much advancement has been made in both the documentation of the phenomenon of molting disruption and the search for mechanisms, by which molting disruption occurs. This review provides an overview of the current status of the field of invisible endocrine disruption, and perspectives on future directions are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enmin Zou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA.
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Humble JL, Carmona-Antoñanzas G, McNair CM, Nelson DR, Bassett DI, Egholm I, Bron JE, Bekaert M, Sturm A. Genome-wide survey of cytochrome P450 genes in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837). Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:563. [PMID: 31775848 PMCID: PMC6880348 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infests farmed and wild salmonid fishes, causing considerable economic damage to the salmon farming industry. Infestations of farmed salmon are controlled using a combination of non-medicinal approaches and veterinary drug treatments. While L. salmonis has developed resistance to most available salmon delousing agents, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. Members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily are typically monooxygenases, some of which are involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of endogenous compounds, while others have central roles in the detoxification of xenobiotics. In terrestrial arthropods, insecticide resistance can be based on the enhanced expression of CYPs. The reported research aimed to characterise the CYP superfamily in L. salmonis and assess its potential roles in drug resistance. Methods Lepeophtheirus salmonis CYPs were identified by homology searches of the genome and transcriptome of the parasite. CYP transcript abundance in drug susceptible and multi-resistant L. salmonis was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR, taking into account both constitutive expression and expression in parasites exposed to sublethal levels of salmon delousing agents, ecdysteroids and environmental chemicals. Results The above strategy led to the identification of 25 CYP genes/pseudogenes in L. salmonis, making its CYP superfamily the most compact characterised for any arthropod to date. Lepeophtheirus salmonis possesses homologues of a number of arthropod CYP genes with roles in ecdysteroid metabolism, such as the fruit fly genes disembodied, shadow, shade, spook and Cyp18a1. CYP transcript expression did not differ between one drug susceptible and one multi-resistant strain of L. salmonis. Exposure of L. salmonis to emamectin benzoate or deltamethrin caused the transcriptional upregulation of certain CYPs. In contrast, neither ecdysteroid nor benzo[a]pyrene exposure affected CYP transcription significantly. Conclusions The parasite L. salmonis is demonstrated to possess the most compact CYP superfamily characterised for any arthropod to date. The complement of CYP genes in L. salmonis includes conserved CYP genes involved in ecdysteroid biosynthesis and metabolism, as well as drug-inducible CYP genes. The present study does not provide evidence for a role of CYP genes in the decreased susceptibility of the multiresistant parasite strain studied. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Humble
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Carol M McNair
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - David I Bassett
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Ingibjørg Egholm
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - James E Bron
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Michaël Bekaert
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Armin Sturm
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
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In S, Yoon HW, Yoo JW, Cho H, Kim RO, Lee YM. Acute toxicity of bisphenol A and its structural analogues and transcriptional modulation of the ecdysone-mediated pathway in the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:310-317. [PMID: 31030948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a representative endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) that has estrogenic effects in aquatic animals. In recent years, due to the continuing usage of BPA, its analogues have been developed as alternative substances to replace its use. The molting process is a pivotal point in the development and reproduction of crustaceans. However, studies of the effects of EDCs on molting in crustaceans at the molecular level are scarce. In the present study, we examined the acute toxicity of BPA and its analogues bisphenol F (BPF) and S (BPS) to the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis. We further identified four ecdysteroid pathway - related genes (cyp314a1, EcRA, EcRB, and USP) in D. celebensis, and investigated the transcriptional modulation of these genes during molting and after exposure to BPA and its analogues for 48 h. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that these four genes are highly conserved among arthropods and may be involved in development and reproduction in the adult stage. The mRNA expression patterns of cyp314a1, EcRA and USP were matched with the molting cycle, suggesting that these genes play a role in the molting process in the adult stage in cladocerans. Following relative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses, BPA and its analogues were found to modulate the expression of each of these four genes differently, indicating that these compounds can disrupt the normal endocrine system function of D. celebensis. This study improves our understanding of the molecular mode of action of BPA and its analogues in D. celebensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon In
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Yoo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Ok Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea.
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Chen H, Gu X, Zeng Q, Mao Z, Liang X, Martyniuk CJ. Carbamazepine disrupts molting hormone signaling and inhibits molting and growth of Eriocheir sinensis at environmentally relevant concentrations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 208:138-145. [PMID: 30669117 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ), one of the most frequently detected pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic environments, has recently been shown to cause chronic toxicity and endocrine disruption in a variety of non-target aquatic organisms. However, neither the effects nor the specific mechanism of CBZ action on the molting of crustaceans is well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CBZ on the molting and growth of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, a native and economically important species in China, and to elucidate the specific mechanisms through which molt inhibition occurs. Juvenile E. sinensis were treated with four nominal environmentally relevant concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 μg/L) of CBZ for acute (4 days) and chronic (40 days) exposures. After acute exposure, chitinase activity in the epidermis and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) concentration in the hemolymph were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) following treatment with 10 μg/L CBZ, whereas epidermal chitobiase activity significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in response to both 1 and 10 μg/L CBZ treatments. Transcript levels of the genes encoding crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) and molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) in the eyestalks were also markedly induced after 1 or 10 μg/L CBZ treatment (p < 0.05), whereas the expression of genes encoding ecdysone receptor (ecr) and crustacean retinoid X receptor (rxr) in the hepatopancreas were significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) after acute exposure. Moreover, under chronic exposure, CBZ inhibited the molting and growth of E. sinensis, resulting in a longer time before molting was completed (TBM), as well as a lower molting increment (MI) with 1 or 10 μg/L treatment (p < 0.05). Collectively, these data indicate that CBZ can inhibit the molting process of E. sinensis by interfering with the activity of chitinolytic enzymes and molting hormone signaling, suggestive that carbamazepine may have long-term effects on crab development. We also confirmed that CBZ may function as an endocrine disruptor in decapod crustaceans, a phenomenon that has previously been reported in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhigang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xuefang Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Head TB, Mykles DL, Tomanek L. Proteomic analysis of the crustacean molting gland (Y-organ) over the course of the molt cycle. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 29:193-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tran NM, Mykles DL, Elizur A, Ventura T. Characterization of G-protein coupled receptors from the blackback land crab Gecarcinus lateralis Y organ transcriptome over the molt cycle. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:74. [PMID: 30669976 PMCID: PMC6341585 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ancient, ubiquitous, constitute the largest family of transducing cell surface proteins, and are integral to cell communication via an array of ligands/neuropeptides. Molt inhibiting hormone (MIH) is a key neuropeptide that controls growth and reproduction in crustaceans by regulating the molt cycle. It inhibits ecdysone biosynthesis by a pair of endocrine glands (Y-organs; YOs) through binding a yet uncharacterized GPCR, which triggers a signalling cascade, leading to inhibition of the ecdysis sequence. When MIH release stops, ecdysone is synthesized and released to the hemolymph. A peak in ecdysone titer is followed by a molting event. A transcriptome of the blackback land crab Gecarcinus lateralis YOs across molt was utilized in this study to curate the list of GPCRs and their expression in order to better assess which GPCRs are involved in the molt process. RESULTS Ninety-nine G. lateralis putative GPCRs were obtained by screening the YO transcriptome against the Pfam database. Phylogenetic analysis classified 49 as class A (Rhodopsin-like receptor), 35 as class B (Secretin receptor), and 9 as class C (metabotropic glutamate). Further phylogenetic analysis of class A GPCRs identified neuropeptide GPCRs, including those for Allatostatin A, Allatostatin B, Bursicon, CCHamide, FMRFamide, Proctolin, Corazonin, Relaxin, and the biogenic amine Serotonin. Three GPCRs clustered with recently identified putative CHH receptors (CHHRs), and differential expression over the molt cycle suggests that they are associated with ecdysteroidogenesis regulation. Two putative Corazonin receptors showed much higher expression in the YOs compared with all other GPCRs, suggesting an important role in molt regulation. CONCLUSIONS Molting requires an orchestrated regulation of YO ecdysteroid synthesis by multiple neuropeptides. In this study, we curated a comprehensive list of GPCRs expressed in the YO and followed their expression across the molt cycle. Three putative CHH receptors were identified and could include an MIH receptor whose activation negatively regulates molting. Orthologs of receptors that were found to be involved in molt regulation in insects were also identified, including LGR3 and Corazonin receptor, the latter of which was expressed at much higher level than all other receptors, suggesting a key role in YO regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhut M Tran
- GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Donald L Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Abigail Elizur
- GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, 4556, Australia.
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Sathapondecha P, Chotigeat W. Induction of vitellogenesis by glass bottom boat in the female banana shrimp, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis de Man. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 270:48-59. [PMID: 30315758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In shrimp aquaculture, eyestalk ablation is the only technique that is widely used to accelerate ovarian development. Alternative methods for producing improved ovarian development in broodstock are currently being investigated. Several factors involved in the regulation of ovarian development in shrimp have been investigated. Among these factors, growth factors in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily have been implicated as playing potential roles in the regulation of gonad development. In this work, a member of the TGF-β superfamily known as glass bottom boat (GBB), an ortholog of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), was investigated to uncover its role in ovarian development in the banana shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis. Full-length cDNA of FmGBB was obtained from transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sequence of FmGBB from banana shrimp was similar to those of other arthropods and vertebrate BMP 5/6/7, but was different from those of decapentaplegic proteins and vertebrate BMP 2/4. The FmGBB transcript was found to be widely expressed in shrimp tissues, and its expression in the ovary was dramatically increased in early and late vitellogenic stages during ovarian development and decreased in the mature stage, suggesting its role in vitellogenesis. To study the effects of FmGBB, a soluble recombinant mature FmGBB peptide (His-TF-rgbb) containing both monomers and homodimers was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The His-TF-rgbb peptide triggered oocyte proliferation in both cultured ovarian explants and in previtellogenic shrimp upon injection. Interestingly, the injection of His-TF-rgbb into previtellogenic female shrimp stimulated an increase in Vg expression in their ovaries while suppressing production of 20-hydroxyecdysone. Our results suggest the potential role of FmGBB in oocyte proliferation and vitellogenesis; this novel finding can be utilized to stimulate ovarian development in cultured shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponsit Sathapondecha
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Chotigeat
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
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Hyde CJ, Elizur A, Ventura T. The crustacean ecdysone cassette: A gatekeeper for molt and metamorphosis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:172-183. [PMID: 30157455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Arthropods have long been utilized as models to explore molecular function, and the findings derived from them can be applied throughout metazoa, including as a basis for medical research. This has led to the adoption of many representative insect models beyond Drosophila, as each lends its own unique perspective to questions in endocrinology and genetics. However, non-insect arthropods are yet to be realised for the potential insight they may provide in such studies. The Crustacea are among the most ancient arthropods from which insects descended, comprising a huge variety of life histories and ecological roles. Of the events in a typical crustacean development, metamorphosis is perhaps the most ubiquitous, challenging and highly studied. Despite this, our knowledge of the endocrinology which underpins metamorphosis is rudimentary at best; although several key molecules have been identified and studied in depth, the link between them is quite nebulous and leans heavily on well-explored insect models, which diverged from the Pancrustacea over 450 million years ago. As omics technologies become increasingly accessible, they bring the prospect of explorative molecular research which will allow us to uncover components and pathways unique to crustaceans. This review reconciles known components of crustacean metamorphosis and reflects on our findings in insects to outline a future search space, with focus given to the ecdysone cascade. To expand our knowledge of this ubiquitous endocrine system not only aids in our understanding of crustacean metamorphosis, but also provides a deeper insight into the adaptive capacity of arthropods throughout evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Hyde
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, Queensland, 4558, Australia
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, Queensland, 4558, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, Queensland, 4558, Australia.
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