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Chan LL, Ho YY, Taylor ME, Mcveigh C, Jung S, Armstrong E, Close JC, Harvey LA. Incidence of fragility hip fracture across the Asia-pacific region: A systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 123:105422. [PMID: 38579379 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to update fragility hip fracture incidences in the Asia Pacific, and compare rates between countries/regions. METHOD A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases. Studies reporting data between 2010 and 2023 on the geographical incidences of hip fractures in individuals aged ≥50 were included. Exclusion criteria were studies reporting solely on high-trauma, atypical, or periprosthetic fractures. We calculated the crude incidence, age- and sex-standardised incidence, and the female-to-male ratio. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020162518). RESULTS Thirty-eight studies were included across nine countries/regions (out of 41 countries/regions). The crude hip fracture incidence ranged from 89 to 341 per 100,000 people aged ≥50, with the highest observed in Australia, Taiwan, and Japan. Age- and sex-standardised rates ranged between 90 and 318 per 100,000 population and were highest in Korea and Japan. Temporal decreases in standardised rates were observed in Korea, China, and Japan. The female-to-male ratio was highest in Japan and lowest in China. CONCLUSION Fragility hip fracture incidence varied substantially within the Asia-Pacific region. This observation may reflect actual incidence differences or stem from varying research methods and healthcare recording systems. Future research should use consistent measurement approaches to enhance international comparisons and service planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Ly Chan
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Y Y Ho
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital, Jalan Tanah Putih, Kuantan, Pahang 25100, Malaysia
| | - Morag E Taylor
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Mcveigh
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonya Jung
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Armstrong
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Ct Close
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lara A Harvey
- Fall, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Vanhelst J, Lang JJ, Matelot D, Carré F, Mercier D, Ulmer Z, Oppert JM, Baquet G, Berthoin S, Fillon A, Béghin L, Tomkinson GR. Cardiorespiratory fitness has declined among French children since 1999, although the decline appears to be getting smaller. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14641. [PMID: 38682824 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong marker of current and future health. The aim of this study was to assess the national temporal trends in CRF for French children and adolescents between 1999 and 2022. METHODS CRF data were obtained from several cross-sectional studies on 15 420 (51.1% boys) French children and adolescents aged 9-16 years between 1999 and 2022. The 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT) estimated CRF. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and body mass, with BMI z-scores (BMIz) calculated using WHO growth curves. The 20mSRT results were corrected for protocol and converted to z-scores (20mSRTz) using international sex- and age-specific norms. With additional adjustment for BMIz, temporal trends in mean 20mSRT performance (20mSRTz) were estimated using linear regression, with the distance max (Dmax) method used to locate a breakpoint and linear segments fitted to points below and above the breakpoint. Trends in distributional characteristics were assessed visually and described as the ratio of the coefficients of variation (CVs). RESULTS After adjustment for protocol, age, sex, and BMIz, a large decline in mean 20mSRT performance (trend per decade (95% CI): -1.42 SDs (-1.45, -1.39) or -18.4% (95% CI: -18.8, -18.0)) between 1999 and 2022 was found. Dmax located a breakpoint for the two-linear-segment model in year 2010. There was a large decline in mean 20mSRT performance pre-2010 (trend per decade (95% CI): -2.31 SDs (-2.39, -2.24)), which reduced 0.06-fold to a negligible decline post-2010 (trend per decade (95% CI): -0.15 SD (-0.20, -0.10)). We also found that the trend in mean 20mSRT performance was not uniform across the population distribution. Between 1999 and 2022, there was a small trend in distributional asymmetry, with slightly smaller declines experienced by the high performers (above the 75th percentile). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a large decline in the 20mSRT performance of French children and adolescents since 1999. This declining trend seems to have diminished considerably since 2010. Such declines in CRF could translate into declines in health status. Although a slowing in the declining trend in CRF in recent years is encouraging, more data are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Vanhelst
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - François Carré
- Department of Sport Medicine, Pontchaillou Hospital, LTSI INSERM, U1099, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Mercier
- Université de Grenoble, Départment STAPS, Grenoble, France
| | - Zékya Ulmer
- Centre de ressources et de preuves dédié à la prévention de la perte d'autonomie, Direction des études et de la prospective, Caisse Nationale de la Solidarité pour l'Autonomie (CNSA), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Human Nutrition Research Center Ile-de-France (CRNH IdF), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Georges Baquet
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Serge Berthoin
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Alicia Fillon
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Observatoire National de l'Activité Physique et de la Sédentarité (ONAPS), Faculty of Medicine, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Béghin
- INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, and CIC 1403-Clinical Investigation Center, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Li C, Maimaiti S, Zhou Z, Zang L. Secular trends and urban-rural disparities in height of Chinese adolescents aged 18 years from 1985 to 2019. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e23988. [PMID: 38214463 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the secular trends and urban-rural disparities in height of Chinese adolescents aged 18 years from 1985 to 2019. METHODS Data were extracted from the Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health from 1985 to 2019, and the heights of a total of 76 554 boys and 75 908 girls aged 18 years were measured. The Mann-Kendall trend test was used to analyze the secular trends in height. Changes in different periods and urban-rural disparities were tested by z-tests and calculating the ratios of the coefficient of variation (CV) of height. RESULTS The height of Chinese boys and girls aged 18 years increased from 168.21 and 157.10 cm in 1985 to 172.15 cm and 160.11 cm in 2019, respectively, with a larger increase in rural areas. The secular trends in height were the largest for boys from 1995 to 2005 and for girls from 2014 to 2019, and the same results were observed in urban and rural areas. The urban-rural disparities for boys and girls decreased by 1.79 and 0.91 cm, respectively, with significant decreases for boys in all regions and for girls in the eastern region. The overall CVs of height increased by 0.13% and 0.25% for boys and girls, respectively, with the largest increase among rural girls. CONCLUSIONS The height of Chinese adolescents aged 18 years continued to increase between 1985 and 2019. The urban-rural disparities narrowed, and inequalities within rural areas for girls increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyue Li
- Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Sigandan Maimaiti
- School of Physical Education and Health, Changji University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhidong Zhou
- Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Liuhong Zang
- Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
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Yamashita Y. Relationship Between the Japanese Physical Fitness Test and the 3-Minute Burpee Test. Cureus 2023; 15:e50710. [PMID: 38234956 PMCID: PMC10793963 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Japan has conducted a national physical fitness survey every year since 1964, when the first Tokyo Summer Olympics were held. The survey is a test that evaluates eight physical fitness components: speed, total body endurance, instantaneous force, dexterity, muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and agility, but it requires specialized equipment and space, and it takes time to measure them all. Aims The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the 3-minute burpee test (3MBT), which has been reported to be associated with various physical fitness components, and a "new physical fitness test." Materials and methods The relationship between the "new physical fitness test" and the 3MBT was examined in 122 college students (male=70, female=52) with no health problems. Results The "new physical fitness test" and the 3MBT showed a moderate relationship between the 20-m shuttle run (r = 0.685, p < 0.05), side stepping (r = 0.566, p < 0.05), standing long jump (r = 0.545, p < 0.05), grip strength (r = 0.461, p < 0.05), sit and reach (r = 0.305, p < 0.05), and sit-ups (r = 0.572, p < 0.05), indicating a moderate relationship. Because this study used the Pearson product-rate correlation analysis, it is not possible to definitively assert a relationship with physical fitness factors. Conclusions However, the 3MBT is a very useful test because it requires whole-body strength, power, endurance, and aerobic capacity.
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Magalhães JP, Hetherington-Rauth M, Rosa GB, Correia IR, Pinto GM, Ferreira JP, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Raimundo AM, Mota J, Sardinha LB. Functional fitness trends among older adults in Portugal between 2008 and 2018: Keeping up with a healthy aging process. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:622-627. [PMID: 37802759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maintaining a healthy aging process is vital to combating and delaying the adverse health outcomes faced by the growing older adult population, where a key aspect to achieving healthy aging is the preservation of functional fitness. This study aims to present trends on the functional fitness of Portuguese older adults between 2008 and 2018 and build new normative reference standards for the Senior Fitness Battery Tests. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Functional fitness was measured with the Senior Fitness Battery Tests in two national representative cohorts of the Portuguese older adult population (≥65 years) using the 2008 (n = 4712) and 2018 (n = 2717) surveys. Changes were assessed according to sex and age group. Sex and age-group normative fitness scores were developed. RESULTS Overall findings suggested that older adults' point prevalence for arm-curl, 8-ft up-and-go, and 30-s chair sit-to-stand remained stable between 2008 and 2018, with declining trends being observed for the 6-min walk and back-scratch tests. However, results for trends varied when stratified by sex and age categories. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a trend toward a stabilization of most of the functional fitness tests over the past decade, but with a critical decline in the 6-min walk test. Thus, this test should be targeted by future health-care policies. Moreover, this investigation provides new and updated normative reference standards for the Senior Fitness Battery Tests that should be used as a tool to promote a healthy aging process among Portuguese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Magalhães
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Megan Hetherington-Rauth
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gil B Rosa
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês R Correia
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça M Pinto
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - José P Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Portugal
| | | | - Armando M Raimundo
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Departamento Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Portugal; CIAFEL - Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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Kidokoro T. Geographical Disparity in Cardiorespiratory Fitness among 3,189,540 Japanese Children and Adolescents before and during the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic: An Ecological Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5315. [PMID: 37047930 PMCID: PMC10094699 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This ecological study aimed to use nationally representative physical fitness (PF) data to investigate the geographical disparities in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among Japanese children across prefectures before and during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The publicly available descriptive PF data of children from Grade 5 (10-11 years; n = 1,946,437) and adolescents from Grade 8 (13-14 years; n = 1,243,103) at the prefecture level (47 prefectures) were obtained from the annual census PF survey in 2019 (before the pandemic) and 2021 (during the pandemic). The 20 m shuttle run performance was used as a measure of CRF. Geographical disparity was evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV) for CRF across prefectures. There were significant negative relationships between the magnitude of infections (evaluated as the number of confirmed cases) and changes in CRF at the prefecture level (r ≤ -0.293, p < 0.05). This study also found a substantial increase in CVs of CRF across prefectures for Grade 8 students, suggesting that COVID-19-related restrictions had widened the geographical disparity in CRF among Japanese adolescents. Adolescents' CRF is an important marker for current and future health; hence, the findings of widening geographical disparities in CRF are suggestive of widening geographical disparities in health among the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan
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Kidokoro T, Tomkinson GR, Lang JJ, Suzuki K. Physical fitness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of annual national physical fitness surveillance among 16,647,699 Japanese children and adolescents between 2013 and 2021. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:246-254. [PMID: 36343895 PMCID: PMC9635948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited nationally representative evidence is available on temporal trends in physical fitness (PF) for children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary aim was to examine the temporal trends in PF for Japanese children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary aim was to estimate the concurrent trends in body size (measured as body mass and height) and movement behaviors (exercise, screen, and sleep time). METHODS Census PF data for children in Grade 5 (aged 10-11 years) and adolescents in Grade 8 (aged 13-14 years) were obtained for the years 2013-2021 from the National Survey of Physical Fitness, Athletic Performance, and Exercise Habits in Japan (n = 16,647,699). PF and body size were objectively measured, and movement behaviors were self-reported. Using sample-weighted linear regression, temporal trends in mean PF were calculated before the pandemic (2013-2019) and during the pandemic (2019-2021) with adjustments for age, sex, body size, and exercise time. RESULTS When adjusted for age, sex, body size, and exercise time, there were significant declines in PF during the pandemic, with the largest declines observed in 20-m shuttle run (standardized (Cohen's) effect size (ES) = -0.109 per annum (p.a.)) and sit-ups performance (ES = -0.133 p.a.). The magnitude of the declines in 20-m shuttle run and sit-ups performances were 18- and 15-fold larger, respectively, than the improvements seen before the pandemic (2013-2019), after adjusting for age, sex, body size, and exercise time. During the pandemic, both body mass and screen time significantly increased, and exercise time decreased. CONCLUSION Declines in 20-m shuttle run and sit-ups performances suggest corresponding declines in population health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan; Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai City 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai City 270-1695, Japan.
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Lovecchio N, Vandoni M, Codella R, Rovida A, Carnevale Pellino V, Giuriato M, Klug MG, Tomkinson GR. Trends in means and distributional characteristics of cardiorespiratory endurance performance for Italian children (1984-2010). J Sports Sci 2023; 40:2484-2490. [PMID: 36621976 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2165007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) is an important health marker. The aim of this study was to examine temporal trends of CRE performance for Italian children between 1984 and 2010. Using a repeated cross-sectional study design, 5303 CRE test results were available for 2520 children aged 11-13 years from a single Northern Italian middle-high school between 1984 and 2010. CRE was measured as 1000-m and 12-min run test performance. With adjustments for BMI, temporal trends in means were estimated using linear regression, with trends in distributional characteristics described visually and estimated as the ratio of coefficients of variation (CVs). There was a significant small increase in BMI (effect size (ES) [95%CI]: 0.40 [0.32, 0.48]) over the entire period. When adjusted for BMI, there were significant small to moderate declines in mean running speed (ES [95%CI]: 1000-m, - 0.34 [-0.39, - 0.29]); 12-min, - 0.65 [-0.70, - 0.60]). Declines were larger for boys compared to girls. Variability substantially increased over time (ratio of CVs: range, 1.7-2.9), with larger declines in children with low running speed compared to children with average or high running speed. Our findings may be important to public health because low CRE is significantly related to current and future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Rovida
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Giuriato
- Department of Human Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marilyn G Klug
- Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Kidokoro T, Tomkinson GR, Noi S, Suzuki K. Japanese physical fitness surveillance: a greater need for international publications that utilize the world’s best physical fitness database. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.11.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University
| | - Grant R. Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia
| | - Shingo Noi
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University
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Liu Y, Tremblay MS, Tomkinson GR. Temporal trends in step test performance for Chinese adults between 2000 and 2014. J Exerc Sci Fit 2021; 19:216-222. [PMID: 34381518 PMCID: PMC8319019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVE Cardiorespiratory endurance is an excellent marker of functional endurance and health among adults. The aim of this study was to estimate temporal trends in step test performance for Chinese adults between 2000 and 2014. METHODS Apparently healthy adults aged 20-59 years were included. Nationally representative step test data (n = 603,977) from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014 were reported descriptively by the China Physical Fitness Surveillance Center. Temporal trends in means were estimated at the sex-age level for all adults and separate location/occupation groups using sample-weighted linear regression, with trends in distributional characteristics described visually and estimated as the ratio of coefficients of variation (CVs). RESULTS Collectively, there was a negligible improvement in mean step test performance of 0.12 standardized effect sizes (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.11-0.13). Negligible to small improvements were observed for all age, sex, location, and occupation groups. Variability declined substantially over time (ratio of CVs (95%CI): 0.86 (0.86-0.86)), with negligible to large improvements in those below the 10th percentile, and negligible to moderate declines in those above the 90th percentile. CONCLUSION There have been negligible to large improvements in step test performance for low to average performing Chinese adults since 2000, which may be meaningful to public health because low endurance is an important risk factor for all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Grant R. Tomkinson
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Kidokoro T, Peterson SJ, Reimer HK, Tomkinson GR. Walking speed and balance both improved in older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2018. J Exerc Sci Fit 2021; 19:204-208. [PMID: 34276805 PMCID: PMC8246636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Physical function, the ability of an individual to carry out physical tasks, is meaningfully related to health among older adults. Few studies have analyzed temporal trends in objective performance measures of physical function for older adults. The aim of this study was to estimate temporal trends in balance and walking speed for older Japanese adults (aged 65–79 years) between 1998 and 2018. Methods Annual, cross-sectional, national fitness surveillance data for balance (n = 114,785) and walking speed (n = 112,289) were reported descriptively by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology across the 1998–2018 period. Trends in means were estimated by sample-weighted regression, with trends in variability estimated as the ratio of coefficients of variation. Results There was a moderate improvement in both mean balance (standardized effect size (ES) change (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.50 (0.48–0.52)) and mean walking speed (ES change (95%CI): 0.53 (0.51–0.55)). Improvements were seen in all gender and age groups, with small gender-related and negligible age-related temporal differences. Variability declined substantially for both balance (ratio of CVs (95%CI): 0.77 (0.75–0.79)) and walking speed (ratio of CVs (95%CI): 0.87 (0.85–0.89)). Conclusion Improved physical performance is suggestive of a corresponding improvement in health. Declines in variability indicate that temporal improvements were not uniform across the distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya, 158-8508, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Samantha J Peterson
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Hannah K Reimer
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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