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Fang J, Wang J, Luo J, Wang P, Zhang J, Chen D, Ye W, Zhang Y, Pan S, Wang X. Clinical stratification of 1318 Primary Sjögren's Syndrome patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 68:152537. [PMID: 39146916 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations yet lacking effective therapeutic strategies currently. This study aims to gain a thorough understanding of the clinical landscape of pSS and further delineate its clinical subtypes, thereby enabling the efficient management for pSS. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of 1318 pSS patients. The pSS patients were categorized and compared based on gender, anti-SSA antibodies, and labial salivary gland biopsies (LGSB). Unsupervised clustering analysis was employed to identify pSS subtypes using systemic involvement among patients. Furthermore, we assessed clinical and biological variances among these subtypes. RESULTS Through group comparisons, we observed more pronounced extraglandular manifestations among male patients, SSA-negative group, and those with positive LGSB results. Based on systemic involvement, pSS patients were categorized into four groups. C1 exhibited minimal systemic involvement, lacking hematologic or serologic manifestations, with the lowest ESSDAI scores. C2 presented with serologic changes in all patients, partial joint involvement, and no hematologic systemic manifestations. C3 lacked joint involvement but all members displayed hematologic systemic involvement, with higher rates of renal, cutaneous, and systemic manifestations. C4 encompassed patients with joint and hematologic involvement, displaying the highest ESSDAI scores. The positivity rates of antibodies, immunological parameters, and inflammatory markers exhibited significant differences among the groups. Furthermore, notable variances were observed in the expression of peripheral blood transcriptomic modules among these groups. CONCLUSION In this cohort study, we summarized the clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with pSS and identified four distinct subgroups of pSS based on systemic involvement, revealing clinical and molecular disparities that unveil distinct pathobiological endotypes. Our findings hold significant implications for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Fang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaobiao Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State key laboratory for immunology and inflammation, China.
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Al-Mousawi M, Salih S, Ahmed A, Abdullah B. Serum Vitamin B12 and Holotranscobalamin Levels in Subclinical Hypothyroid Patients in Relation to Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Levels and the Positivity of Anti-thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e61513. [PMID: 38957249 PMCID: PMC11217715 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is characterized by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, while thyroid hormones (free thyroxine (T4) and free triiodothyronine (T3)) remain within the reference ranges. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency is common in patients with autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune hypothyroidism. The study was aimed at evaluating serum vitamin B12 levels and holotranscobalamin (HoloTC) levels in SCH patients and ascertaining their association with a risky level of TSH and the positivity of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies. Methodology A case-control study was conducted at Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok, a city in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, involving 153 participants, including 72 newly diagnosed SCH patients and 81 healthy controls. Serum levels of vitamin B12, HoloTC, TSH, free T4, free T3, and anti-TPO antibodies were measured based on different principles. Results The mean age of patients with SCH was 32.87±8.7 years, with predominantly females comprising 75% and 77.8% being less than 40 years of age. Moreover, the mean levels of serum TSH (6.96±2.68 µIU/L), anti-TPO antibodies (53.31±81.32 IU/ml), and HoloTC (41.93±19.42 pmol/l) were significantly higher in patients with SCH compared to healthy control participants (p < 0.05), whereas there was a non-significantly higher level of vitamin B12(320.72±98.42 pg/ml) among SCH patients compared to healthy control participants (p = 0.220). The mean levels of vitamin B12 (345.33±103.22 pg/ml) and HoloTC (40.14±18.16 pmol/l) were insignificantly lower in SCH patients with TSH levels more than 7 µIU/L (p > 0.05), as well as the mean levels of vitamin B12 (308.82±96.12 pg/ml) and HoloTC (41.14±19.29 pmol/l) insignificantly lower in SCH patients with positive anti-TPO antibodies (p > 0.05). Conclusions This study highlights the potential association between SCH and altered vitamin B12 status, particularly evident in HoloTC levels. The presence of positive anti-TPO antibodies and the degree of elevation in TSH levels may exacerbate vitamin B12 deficiency in SCH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherwan Salih
- Medical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
| | - Ameer Ahmed
- Hematology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
| | - Barhav Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
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3
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Nazzari M, Romitti M, Kip AM, Kamps R, Costagliola S, van de Beucken T, Moroni L, Caiment F. Impact of benzo[a]pyrene, PCB153 and sex hormones on human ESC-Derived thyroid follicles using single cell transcriptomics. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 188:108748. [PMID: 38763096 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endocrine disruptors are compounds of manmade origin able to interfere with the endocrine system and constitute an important environmental concern. Indeed, detrimental effects on thyroid physiology and functioning have been described. Differences exist in the susceptibility of human sexes to the incidence of thyroid disorders, like autoimmune diseases or cancer. METHODS To study how different hormonal environments impact the thyroid response to endocrine disruptors, we exposed human embryonic stem cell-derived thyroid organoids to physiological concentrations of sex hormones resembling the serum levels of human females post-ovulation or males of reproductive age for three days. Afterwards, we added 10 µM benzo[a]pyrene or PCB153 for 24 h and analyzed the transcriptome changes via single-cell RNA sequencing with differential gene expression and gene ontology analysis. RESULTS The sex hormones receptors genes AR, ESR1, ESR2 and PGR were expressed at low levels. Among the thyroid markers, only TG resulted downregulated by benzo[a]pyrene or benzo[a]pyrene with the "male" hormones mix. Both hormone mixtures and benzo[a]pyrene alone upregulated ribosomal genes and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, while their combination decreased the expression compared to benzo[a]pyrene alone. The "male" mix and benzo[a]pyrene, alone or in combination, upregulated genes involved in lipid transport and metabolism (APOA1, APOC3, APOA4, FABP1, FABP2, FABP6). The combination of "male" hormones and benzo[a]pyrene induced also genes involved in inflammation and NFkB targets. Benzo[a]pyrene upregulated CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and NQO1 irrespective of the hormonal context. The induction was stronger in the "female" mix. Benzo[a]pyrene alone upregulated genes involved in cell cycle regulation, response to reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. PCB153 had a modest effect in presence of "male" hormones, while we did not observe any changes with the "female" mix. CONCLUSION This work shows how single cell transcriptomics can be applied to selectively study the in vitro effects of endocrine disrupters and their interaction with different hormonal contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nazzari
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mírian Romitti
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna M Kip
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Kamps
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Twan van de Beucken
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Westemeier-Rice ES, Winters MT, Rawson TW, Martinez I. More than the SRY: The Non-Coding Landscape of the Y Chromosome and Its Importance in Human Disease. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:21. [PMID: 38668379 PMCID: PMC11054740 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Historically, the Y chromosome has presented challenges to classical methodology and philosophy of understanding the differences between males and females. A genetic unsolved puzzle, the Y chromosome was the last chromosome to be fully sequenced. With the advent of the Human Genome Project came a realization that the human genome is more than just genes encoding proteins, and an entire universe of RNA was discovered. This dark matter of biology and the black box surrounding the Y chromosome have collided over the last few years, as increasing numbers of non-coding RNAs have been identified across the length of the Y chromosome, many of which have played significant roles in disease. In this review, we will uncover what is known about the connections between the Y chromosome and the non-coding RNA universe that originates from it, particularly as it relates to long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs and circular RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Westemeier-Rice
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Michael T. Winters
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.T.W.); (T.W.R.)
| | - Travis W. Rawson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.T.W.); (T.W.R.)
| | - Ivan Martinez
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.T.W.); (T.W.R.)
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5
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Chen K, Sun W, He L, Dong W, Zhang D, Zhang T, Zhang H. Exploring the bidirectional relationship between metabolic syndrome and thyroid autoimmunity: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1325417. [PMID: 38567309 PMCID: PMC10985172 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1325417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have reported a possible association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and thyroid autoimmunity. Nevertheless, the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and MetS remains unclear. The objective of this research was to assess the causal impact of MetS on thyroid autoimmunity through the utilization of Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology. Methods We performed bidirectional MR to elucidate the causal relationship between MetS and their components and thyroid autoimmunity (positivity of TPOAb). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MetS and its components were obtained from the publicly available genetic variation summary database. The Thyroidomics Consortium conducted a genome-wide association analysis, which provided summary-level data pertaining to thyroid autoimmunity. The study included several statistical methods, including the inverse variance weighting method (IVW), weighted median, simple mode, weight mode, and MR-Egger methods, to assess the causal link. In addition, to ensure the stability of the results, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results IVW showed that MetS reduced the risk of developing thyroid autoimmunity (OR = 0.717, 95% CI = 0.584 - 0.88, P = 1.48E-03). The investigation into the causative association between components of MetS and thyroid autoimmune revealed a statistically significant link between triglycerides levels and the presence of thyroid autoimmunity (IVW analysis, OR = 0.603, 95%CI = 0.45 -0.807, P = 6.82E-04). The reverse analysis did not reveal any causal relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and MetS, including its five components. Conclusions We have presented new genetic evidence demonstrating that MetS and its triglyceride components may serve as potential protective factors against thyroid autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Zhou X, Iwama S, Kobayashi T, Ando M, Arima H. Risk of Thyroid Dysfunction in PD-1 Blockade Is Stratified by the Pattern of TgAb and TPOAb Positivity at Baseline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1056-e1062. [PMID: 37084392 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Positive antithyroglobulin (TgAb) and/or antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) at baseline indicate a high risk of thyroid immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by antiprogrammed cell death-1 antibodies (anti-PD-1-Ab). However, whether the positivity patterns of both antibodies are associated with the risk of thyroid irAEs is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to clarify the association of the pattern of TgAb and TPOAb positivity at baseline with the risk of thyroid irAEs induced by anti-PD-1-Ab. METHODS Patients (n = 516) were evaluated for TgAb and TPOAb at baseline and prospectively for thyroid function every 6 weeks for 24 weeks after initiating anti-PD-1-Ab. RESULTS Fifty-one (9.9%) patients developed thyroid irAEs (thyrotoxicosis in 34, hypothyroidism without prior thyrotoxicosis in 17). Twenty-five patients subsequently developed hypothyroidism following thyrotoxicosis. The cumulative incidence of thyroid irAEs differed among 4 groups classified by the presence of TgAb/TPOAb at baseline (group 1: TgAb-(-)/TPOAb-(-), 4.6% [19/415]; group 2: TgAb-(-)/TPOAb-(+), 15.8% [9/57]; group 3: TgAb-(+)/TPOAb-(-), 42.1% [8/19]; group 4: TgAb-(+)/TPOAb-(+), 60.0% [15/25]) as follows: groups 1 vs 2-4 (P ≤ .001) and groups 2 vs 3 (P = .008) and 4 (P < .001). There were different incidences of thyrotoxicosis (groups 1-4, 3.1%, 5.3%, 31.6%, 48.0%, respectively; P < .001) in groups 1 vs 3 and 4, and groups 2 vs 3 and 4, and of hypothyroidism (groups 1-4: 2.9%, 15.8%, 31.6%, 60.0%, respectively; P < .001) in groups 1 vs 2 to 4, and groups 2 vs 4. CONCLUSION The risk of thyroid irAEs was affected by the pattern of TgAb and TPOAb positivity at baseline; there were high risks of thyrotoxicosis in patients with TgAb-(+) and of hypothyroidism in patients with TgAb-(+) and those with TPOAb-(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shintaro Iwama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Zheng S, Wang Z, Yang L, Zhang X. Clinical correlates and thyroid hormones of metabolic syndrome in first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder outpatients with and without hyperglycemia: a comprehensive cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:649. [PMID: 37667222 PMCID: PMC10478374 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to explore the prevalence and clinical factors of MetS in first-episode and drug-naïve MDD (FEDND) patients with and without hyperglycemia. A total of 1,718 FEDND patients' symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Blood glucose levels, metabolic index, and thyroid hormones were measured during fasting. The prevalence of MetS in FEDND patients with hyperglycemia was 35.67 times higher than in FEDND patients without hyperglycemia. FEDND patients with MetS were older, had later age of onset, and were predominantly married than those without MetS (p < 0.05). Among FEDND patients without hyperglycemia, suicide attempts, severe anxiety, HAMD, HAMA, PANSS subscale scores, thyroid stimulating hormone, antithyroglobulin, and total cholesterol levels were all higher in patients with MetS than those without MetS (all p < 0.05). In FEDND patients without hyperglycemia, the combination of age and TgAb distinguished those patients with and without MetS. Our results suggest a high prevalence of MetS in FEDND patients with hyperglycemia. Several clinical variables and thyroid function-related hormones impact MetS in patients with FEDND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Limin Yang
- School of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Carland C, Png G, Malarstig A, Kho PF, Gustafsson S, Michaelsson K, Lind L, Tsafantakis E, Karaleftheri M, Dedoussis G, Ramisch A, Macdonald-Dunlop E, Klaric L, Joshi PK, Chen Y, Björck HM, Eriksson P, Carrasco-Zanini J, Wheeler E, Suhre K, Gilly A, Zeggini E, Viñuela A, Dermitzakis ET, Wilson JF, Langenberg C, Thareja G, Halama A, Schmidt F, Zanetti D, Assimes T. Proteomic analysis of 92 circulating proteins and their effects in cardiometabolic diseases. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:31. [PMID: 37550624 PMCID: PMC10405520 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human plasma contains a wide variety of circulating proteins. These proteins can be important clinical biomarkers in disease and also possible drug targets. Large scale genomics studies of circulating proteins can identify genetic variants that lead to relative protein abundance. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis on genome-wide association studies of autosomal chromosomes in 22,997 individuals of primarily European ancestry across 12 cohorts to identify protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) for 92 cardiometabolic associated plasma proteins. RESULTS We identified 503 (337 cis and 166 trans) conditionally independent pQTLs, including several novel variants not reported in the literature. We conducted a sex-stratified analysis and found that 118 (23.5%) of pQTLs demonstrated heterogeneity between sexes. The direction of effect was preserved but there were differences in effect size and significance. Additionally, we annotate trans-pQTLs with nearest genes and report plausible biological relationships. Using Mendelian randomization, we identified causal associations for 18 proteins across 19 phenotypes, of which 10 have additional genetic colocalization evidence. We highlight proteins associated with a constellation of cardiometabolic traits including angiopoietin-related protein 7 (ANGPTL7) and Semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F). CONCLUSION Through large-scale analysis of protein quantitative trait loci, we provide a comprehensive overview of common variants associated with plasma proteins. We highlight possible biological relationships which may serve as a basis for further investigation into possible causal roles in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Carland
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grace Png
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anders Malarstig
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pik Fang Kho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaelsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Ramisch
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Erin Macdonald-Dunlop
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Lucija Klaric
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna M Björck
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Cornell Medicine - Qatar Research, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arthur Gilly
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gaurav Thareja
- Bioinformatics Core, Cornell Medicine - Qatar Research, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anna Halama
- Bioinformatics Core, Cornell Medicine - Qatar Research, Doha, Qatar
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Proteomics Core, Research, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Daniela Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Themistocles Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Gupta A, Carnazza M, Jones M, Darzynkiewicz Z, Halicka D, O'Connell T, Zhao H, Dadafarin S, Shin E, Schwarcz MD, Moscatello A, Tiwari RK, Geliebter J. Androgen Receptor Activation Induces Senescence in Thyroid Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082198. [PMID: 37190127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with an approximately three-fold higher incidence in women. TCGA data indicate that androgen receptor (AR) RNA is significantly downregulated in PTC. In this study, AR-expressing 8505C (anaplastic TC) (84E7) and K1 (papillary TC) cells experienced an 80% decrease in proliferation over 6 days of exposure to physiological levels of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In 84E7, continuous AR activation resulted in G1 growth arrest, accompanied by a flattened, vacuolized cell morphology, with enlargement of the cell and the nuclear area, which is indicative of senescence; this was substantiated by an increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, total RNA and protein content, and reactive oxygen species. Additionally, the expression of tumor suppressor proteins p16, p21, and p27 was significantly increased. A non-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory profile was induced, significantly decreasing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF, RANTES, and MCP-1; this is consistent with the lower incidence of thyroid inflammation and cancer in men. Migration increased six-fold, which is consistent with the clinical observation of increased lymph node metastasis in men. Proteolytic invasion potential was not significantly altered, which is consistent with unchanged MMP/TIMP expression. Our studies provide evidence that the induction of senescence is a novel function of AR activation in thyroid cancer cells, and may underlie the protective role of AR activation in the decreased incidence of TC in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvita Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Michelle Carnazza
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Melanie Jones
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Timmy O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Sina Dadafarin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edward Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Monica D Schwarcz
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Raj K Tiwari
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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10
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Habibullah MM, Hakamy A, Mansor AS, Atti IM, Alwadani AAJ, Kaabi YA. The Association of UCP2-866 G/A Genotype with Autoimmune Hypothyroidism in the Southwestern Saudi Arabia Population. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:875-879. [PMID: 36910568 PMCID: PMC9999712 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s400424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autoimmune hypothyroidism (AHT) is a widespread disease that disproportionately affects women over men. It is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that lead to the dysfunction of the thyroid gland. The exact cause of this process is unknown; however, some factors, such as genetic factors, may be to blame. The uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) gene encodes uncoupling protein 2, which has been linked to several pathogeneses; however, the link between UCP2-866 G/A polymorphism and AHT has yet to be investigated. Thus, we investigate the potential relationship between UCP2-866 G/A polymorphism and AHT. Methods A total of 158 subjects participated in this study, they were either control or AHT patient, and genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction. Results The frequencies of UCP2-866 G/G, G/A, and A/A in the control subject were 34%, 51%, and 15%, respectively, whereas these frequencies in the AHT were 43%, 46%, and 10%. Conclusion The study concludes a significant relationship between UCP2-866 G/A polymorphism and AHT, with a carrier subject of the -866 A allele being 3 times more likely to suffer from AHT than wild-type carriers in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Habibullah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hakamy
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Mansor
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed Atti
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Ali Jaber Alwadani
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahia A Kaabi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Lyko C, Blum MR, Abolhassani N, Stuber MJ, Del Giovane C, Feller M, Moutzouri E, Oberle J, Jungo KT, Collet TH, den Elzen WPJ, Poortvliet RKE, Du Puy RS, Dekkers OM, Trompet S, Jukema JW, Aujesky D, Quinn T, Westendorp R, Kearney PM, Gussekloo J, Van Heemst D, Mooijaart SP, Bauer DC, Rodondi N. Thyroid antibodies and levothyroxine effects in subclinical hypothyroidism: A pooled analysis of two randomized controlled trials. J Intern Med 2022; 292:892-903. [PMID: 35894851 PMCID: PMC9796496 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antithyroid antibodies increase the likelihood of developing overt hypothyroidism, but their clinical utility remains unclear. No large randomized controlled trial (RCT) has assessed whether older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) caused by autoimmune thyroid disease derive more benefits from levothyroxine treatment (LT4). OBJECTIVE To determine whether older adults with SHypo and positive antibodies derive more clinical benefits from LT4 than those with negative antibodies. METHODS We pooled individual participant data from two RCTs, Thyroid Hormone Replacement for Untreated Older Adults with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and IEMO 80+. Participants with persistent SHypo were randomly assigned to receive LT4 or placebo. We compared the effects of LT4 versus placebo in participants with and without anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) at baseline. The two primary outcomes were 1-year change in Hypothyroid Symptoms and Tiredness scores on the Thyroid-Related Quality-of-Life Patient-Reported Outcome Questionnaire. RESULTS Among 660 participants (54% women) ≥65 years, 188 (28.5%) had positive anti-TPO. LT4 versus placebo on Hypothyroid Symptoms lead to an adjusted between-group difference of -2.07 (95% confidence interval: -6.04 to 1.90) for positive antibodies versus 0.89 (-1.76 to 3.54) for negative antibodies (p for interaction = 0.31). Similarly, there was no treatment effect modification by baseline antibody status for Tiredness scores-adjusted between-group difference 1.75 (-3.60 to 7.09) for positive antibodies versus 1.14 (-1.90 to 4.19) for negative antibodies (p for interaction = 0.98). Positive anti-TPO were not associated with better quality of life, improvement in handgrip strength, or fewer cardiovascular outcomes with levothyroxine treatment. CONCLUSIONS Among older adults with SHypo, positive antithyroid antibodies are not associated with more benefits on clinical outcomes with LT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lyko
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuel R Blum
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nazanin Abolhassani
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirah J Stuber
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Del Giovane
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Feller
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisavet Moutzouri
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jolanda Oberle
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katharina T Jungo
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tinh-Hai Collet
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wendy P J den Elzen
- Atalmedial Diagnostics Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde K E Poortvliet
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center UMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert S Du Puy
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center UMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf M Dekkers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Drahomir Aujesky
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Terry Quinn
- Academic Section of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rudi Westendorp
- Department of Public Health and, Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia M Kearney
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jacobijn Gussekloo
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center UMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P Mooijaart
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas C Bauer
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Kim HJ, Park SJ, Park HK, Byun DW, Suh K, Yoo MH. Association of thyroid autoimmunity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in euthyroid middle-aged subjects: A population-based study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1617-1623. [PMID: 35434848 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The association between thyroid autoimmunity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and NAFLD in a large cohort of euthyroid subjects. METHODS We analyzed clinical and biochemical data from a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional survey (KNHANES VI). A total of 1589 middle-aged participants aged 45-65 years, with normal thyroid function, were included in this study. NAFLD was defined as a hepatic steatosis index of > 36. We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) for NAFLD according to anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity by using logistic regression models, and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Overall, 24% (n = 378) of the subjects had NAFLD. Subjects with NAFLD showed a higher positivity for TPOAb (11% vs 7%, P = 0.014) compared with those without NAFLD. TPOAb positivity was a significant risk factor for NAFLD [OR 1.668, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.019-2.730, P = 0.042] even after adjusting for confounding variables, including age, sex, household income, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, walking activity, abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. In addition, TPOAb positivity predicted the risk of advanced liver fibrosis (OR 3.112, 95% CI 1.256-7.713, P = 0.014) in subjects with NAFLD, independent of the confounding variables. CONCLUSION In euthyroid subjects, thyroid autoimmunity is associated with NAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis, independent of known metabolic risk factors. Large longitudinal studies in the future will help clarify the causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Kyu Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Won Byun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoil Suh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hi Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Elim Thyroid Clinic, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Sundler Björkman L, Persson B, Aronsson D, Skattum L, Nordenfelt P, Egesten A. Comorbidities in hereditary angioedema-A population-based cohort study. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12135. [PMID: 35344299 PMCID: PMC8967273 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In hereditary angioedema (HAE), low levels (type 1) or defect in function (type 2) of the serine‐protease inhibitor C1 Inhibitor protein results in activation of the classical pathway of the complement system as well as the contact system. Here, we investigated the risk of comorbidities in HAE. Methods Individuals with HAE (n = 239; identified through a physician made diagnosis) and a control cohort from the general population (n = 2383; matched for age, gender, and county of residence) were compared with the Swedish inpatient, cause of death, cancer, and prescription registers. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results Increased risk of cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–2.54), including arterial (OR 6.74; 95% CI 1.89–24.06) and venous thromboembolic disease (OR 4.20; 95% CI 2.42–7.23) as well as hypertension (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.12–2.39) was seen in HAE. There was also an increased number of individuals diagnosed with hyperlipidemia (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.16–3.50) among HAE patients. Furthermore, the risk of autoimmune disease was increased (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.15–2.35) being particularly pronounced for systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 71.87; 95% CI 8.80–586.7). The risk of having two or more autoimmune diseases was also higher among HAE patients (p = 0.017). In contrast, the risk of cancer was not increased. Data from the prescription register revealed higher prescription rates of drugs against hypertension, hypothyroidism, and hyperlipidemia among HAE patients. Conclusions The results warrant for awareness and prevention of comorbid conditions, in particular, thromboembolic and autoimmune diseases in HAE. Future prophylactic interventions may modify these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sundler Björkman
- Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Barbro Persson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Aronsson
- Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Skattum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University and Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Nordenfelt
- Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, County Hospital of Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Arne Egesten
- Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Shen H, Xu J, Lu C, Han J, Zhou J, Ming T, Li Y, Su X. Effects of the Sex Factor on Mouse Iodine Intake: Interactions between the Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Syndromes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28569-28578. [PMID: 34746552 PMCID: PMC8567277 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iodine plays a key role in maintaining thyroid homeostasis, which is influenced by hormones through almost all nucleated cells and is essential for growth and metabolism. The most common kinds of thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, are markedly related to iodine intake. In addition, the prevalence and incidence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are much higher in women than in men. However, the association between thyroid homeostasis and the gut microbiota is not yet completely clear, especially when comparing women and men. In this study, differences in the gut microbiota compositions, metabolic syndromes, and molecular mechanisms of female and male mice were investigated after iodine supplementation. The gut microbiota in male mice was changed more than that of female mice. The abundances of Muribacium intestinale, Barnesiella, Alloprevotella, Enterococcus, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Clostridium were significantly increased in female mice. This finding indicates that the high risk of thyroid disease in women could be related to the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Shen
- State
Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality
and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- School
of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiajie Xu
- School
of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State
Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality
and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- School
of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- State
Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality
and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- School
of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality
and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- School
of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tinghong Ming
- State
Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality
and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- School
of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ye Li
- State
Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality
and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- School
of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- State
Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality
and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- School
of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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15
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Vitamin D and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Observations from CROHT Biobank. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082793. [PMID: 34444953 PMCID: PMC8401592 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate: (1) associations of vitamin D with the presence/severity of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and (2) correlations of vitamin D with thyroid-related phenotypes. Total 25(OH)D (vitamin D in the text) was measured from stored serum samples of 461 HT patients and 176 controls from a Croatian Biobank of HT patients (CROHT). (1) Vitamin D levels, and proportions of vitamin D deficiency, were compared between HT cases and controls. HT patients were additionally divided into two groups (MILD and OVERT) to take into account HT severity. (2) Correlations between vitamin D and 10 clinical phenotypes in all HT patients and two subgroups of HT patients were tested using the Spearman correlation test. Our analyses were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, smoking status and seasonality of blood sampling. (1) No significant differences in vitamin D levels, or proportions of vitamin D deficiency, were detected between HT patients of all disease stages and controls. However, a nominally significant difference in vitamin D levels between MILD and OVERT subgroups (OR = 1.038, p = 0.023) was observed. Proportions of individuals with vitamin D deficiency during winter–spring were high: all HT cases (64.69%), MILD (60.64%), OVERT (68.7%), controls (60.79%). (2) A nominally significant negative correlation between vitamin D and TSH in all HT patients (r = −0.113, p = 0.029) and a positive correlation between vitamin D and systolic blood pressure in OVERT HT patients (r = 0.205, p = 0.025) were identified. Our study indicates that there is no association between vitamin D and HT; however, there may be a subtle decrease in vitamin D levels associated with overt hypothyroidism.
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16
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Birru RL, Liang HW, Farooq F, Bedi M, Feghali M, Haggerty CL, Mendez DD, Catov JM, Ng CA, Adibi JJ. A pathway level analysis of PFAS exposure and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Environ Health 2021; 20:63. [PMID: 34022907 PMCID: PMC8141246 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been found to be associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) development, a maternal health disorder in pregnancy with negative effects that can extend beyond pregnancy. Studies that report on this association are difficult to summarize due to weak associations and wide confidence intervals. One way to advance this field is to sharpen the biologic theory on a causal pathway behind this association, and to measure it directly by way of molecular biomarkers. The aim of this review is to summarize the literature that supports a novel pathway between PFAS exposure and GDM development. Epidemiological studies demonstrate a clear association of biomarkers of thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism with GDM development. We report biologic plausibility and epidemiologic evidence that PFAS dysregulation of maternal thyroid hormones and thyrotropin (TSH) may disrupt glucose homeostasis, increasing the risk of GDM. Overall, epidemiological studies demonstrate that PFAS were positively associated with TSH and negatively with triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). PFAS were generally positively associated with glucose and insulin levels in pregnancy. We propose dysregulation of thyroid function and glucose metabolism may be a critical and missing component in the accurate estimation of PFAS on the risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel L. Birru
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Fouzia Farooq
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Megha Bedi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Maisa Feghali
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Catherine L. Haggerty
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Dara D. Mendez
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Janet M. Catov
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Carla A. Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jennifer J. Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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17
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Shi TT, Xin Z, Hua L, Wang H, Zhao RX, Yang YL, Xie RR, Liu HY, Yang JK. Comparative assessment of gut microbial composition and function in patients with Graves' disease and Graves' orbitopathy. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:297-310. [PMID: 32449092 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study indicated that gut microbiota changed notably in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) patients as compared to controls. However, the characteristics of intestinal bacteria in Graves' disease (GD) and GO are unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to identify specific intestinal bacteria of GD and GO, respectively. METHODS The gut microbial communities of the fecal samples of 30 GD patients without GO, 33 GO subjects, and 32 healthy subjects were analyzed and compared by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS At the phylum level, the proportion of Deinococcus-Thermus and Chloroflexi was decreased significantly in GO patients as compared to GD. At the genus level, the proportion of Subdoligranulum and Bilophila was increased while that of Blautia, Anaerostipes, Dorea, Butyricicoccus, Romboutsia, Fusicatenibacter, unidentified_ Lachnospiraceae, unidentified_Clostridiales, Collineslla, Intestinibacter, and Phascolarctobacterium was decreased in the GO group as compared to the GD group. Random forest analysis was used for the identification of specific intestinal microbiota, and Deinococcus-Thermus, Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi were ranked in the top ten according to their contributions to sample classification. Moreover, compared to the control, there were multiple gut bacterial enrichment metabolic pathways in GO and GD patients, including nucleotide metabolism, enzyme family, and energy metabolism. Compared to GO, the only enrichment metabolic pathway found in GD was the viral protein family. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the significant differences in the intestinal microbiota and predictive functions of GD with GO, thereby providing new insights into the role of the gut bacteria that might contribute to the development of GO in GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-T Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Z Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - L Hua
- Department of Mathematics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - H Wang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - R-X Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Y-L Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - R-R Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - H-Y Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - J-K Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Beijing, 100730, China
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Chen Y, Zhang W, Chen J, Wang N, Chen C, Wang Y, Wan H, Chen B, Lu Y. Association of Phthalate Exposure with Thyroid Function and Thyroid Homeostasis Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:4027380. [PMID: 34746318 PMCID: PMC8566079 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4027380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Phthalates, which are recognized environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, are associated with thyroid hormone disruption. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of phthalate metabolites with thyroid function and thyroid homeostasis parameters in type 2 diabetes and to explore whether thyroid autoimmunity status and metformin, the most common antidiabetic drug, may influence such associations. METHODS Concurrent urine and blood samples were collected from 639 participants with type 2 diabetes in the METAL (Environmental Pollutant Exposure and Metabolic Diseases in Shanghai) study. We measured urinary concentrations of thirteen phthalate metabolites along with serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total T4 and T3, free T4 (FT4) and T3 (FT3), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). Four parameters of thyroid homeostasis, including the sum activity of step-up deiodinases (SPINA-GD), thyroid secretory capacity (SPINA-GT), Jostel's TSH index (TSHI), and thyrotroph thyroid hormone resistance index (TTSI), were also calculated. RESULTS Among all participants, after full adjustment, multivariable regression analysis showed that some urine phthalate metabolites were negatively associated with TSH, TSHI, and TTSI levels and positively associated with FT3, T3, SPINA-GD, and SPINA-GT levels. None of the urine phthalate metabolites exhibited a significant association with thyroid autoimmunity. The associations of phthalate metabolites with thyroid function and thyroid homeostasis parameters differed based on thyroid autoantibody and metformin treatment status. CONCLUSIONS Urinary phthalate metabolites may be associated with thyroid function and thyroid homeostasis parameters among participants with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, our present study suggested that thyroid autoantibody status and metformin treatment status are potential mediators of such associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - JingSi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Wan
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Taheri M, Eghtedarian R, Dinger ME, Ghafouri-Fard S. Dysregulation of non-coding RNAs in autoimmune thyroid disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 117:104527. [PMID: 32916160 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a complex disorder with both genetic and environmental risk factors. A number of genetic factors such as HLA and CTLA-4 loci have been associated with risk of this disorder. In addition to these factors, recent studies have shown contribution of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of this condition. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) and a number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) such as IFNG-AS1, Heg, NR_038461, NR_038462, T204821 and NR_104125 have been dysregulated in peripheral blood of patients with AITD. These transcripts are mostly enriched in pathways that modulate humoral and cellular immune responses such as those associated with antigen presentation and differentiation of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. Functional studies verified the role of a number of lncRNAs and miRNAs in regulation of critical immune-related pathways in AITD. Thus, they participate in the pathophysiology of AITD. In the current review, we summarize the results of studies that assessed participation of non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Eghtedarian
- Department of Medical genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Baranowska-Bik A, Bik W. The Association of Obesity with Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Thyroid Function-Possible Mechanisms of Bilateral Interaction. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:8894792. [PMID: 33381173 PMCID: PMC7755496 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8894792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of patients suffer from autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disease. There has simultaneously been a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide. It is still an open question whether adiposity can directly influence activation of inflammatory processes affecting the thyroid in genetically predisposed individuals. Adipokines, biologically active substances derived from the adipocytes, belong to a heterogenic group of compounds involved in numerous physiological functions, including the maintenance of metabolism, hormonal balance, and immune response. Notably, the presence of obesity worsens the course of selected autoimmune diseases and impairs response to treatment. Moreover, the excess of body fat may result in the progression of autoimmune diseases. Nutritional status, body weight, and energy expenditure may influence thyroid hormone secretion. Interestingly, thyroid hormones might influence the activity of adipose tissue as metabolic alterations related to fat tissue are observed under pathological conditions in which there are deficits or overproduction of thyroid hormones. Functioning TSH receptors are expressed on adipocytes. Thermogenesis may presumably be stimulated by TSH binding to its receptor on brown adipocytes. There could be a bilateral interaction between the thyroid and adipose. Obesity may influence the onset and course of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Baranowska-Bik
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Ceglowska 80, Warsaw 01-809, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bik
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, Warsaw 01-813, Poland
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21
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Grigoryan OR, Krasnovskaya NS, Mikheev RK, Yarovaia IS, Andreeva EN, Dedov II. [Relationship of the ovarian reserve with autoimmune thyroid diseases in the reproductive period]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2019; 91:14-18. [PMID: 32598626 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.10.000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare ovarian reserve in healthy women of reproductive age - carriers of antithyroid antibodies (ATA) and in healthy women of reproductive age negative for ATA. MATERIALS AND METHODS 70 healthy women of young reproductive age in the state of euthyroidism (from 18 to 38 years old) were examined. Participants were divided into equal groups (n=35) depending on the status of the presence of antithyroid antibodies (AT-TPO, AT-TG). On the 2nd-4th days of the menstrual cycle, the following markers of the ovarian reserve were determined: serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMG), inhibin B, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone and progesterone, as well as ultrasound parameters - the number of antral follicles and the volume of the ovaries. In addition, to determine the predisposition to premature ovarian failure, an analysis was performed to the number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Statistically significantly differs such parameters as the level of estradiol and testosterone, while the differences were not clinically significant. All the parameters evaluated were within the normal range, the main predictors of the ovarian reserve (levels of AMG and inhibin B, the number of antral follicles) remained in the normal range. An increase in the number of repeats of CGG in the FMR1 gene was not detected in any of the participants in the study. CONCLUSION In healthy young reproductive age women, the status of ATA does not have a direct effect on the ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R K Mikheev
- Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | | | - E N Andreeva
- Endocrinology Research Centre.,Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent developments in the association of thyroid function with metabolic syndrome (MetS). RECENT FINDINGS Although thyroid hormones even within low normal range are associated with various metabolic abnormalities, the risk of MetS remains a controversial issue. Hyperthyroid state might be associated only with insulin resistance and dysglycemia. Autoimmune thyroid diseases may be a potential risk factor for metabolic abnormalities even in those with low normal thyroid function. SUMMARY The interrelation between thyroid stimulating hormone, free T3, freeT4 and metabolic parameters is complex and might be affected by age, sex, BMI, insulin resistance, smoking, iodine intake and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Mehran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Toll-Like Receptors-2 and -4 in Graves' Disease-Key Players or Bystanders? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194732. [PMID: 31554206 PMCID: PMC6801632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. The development of autoimmunity is associated with innate immune responses where the prominent role plays Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between the expression levels of TLR-2 and TLR-4 on CD4+ and CD8+ T as well as CD19+ B lymphocytes in patients with GD and selected clinical parameters. The study group consisted of 32 women with GD, the control group consisted of 20 healthy women. Immunophenotyping was performed using the flow cytometry and cytokines concentrations were assessed using ELISA assay. The mean percentage of CD4+/TLR-2+ and CD8+/TLR-2+ T cells in patients with GD was higher than in the control group (p < 0.0001). After obtaining euthyroidism, the mean percentage of CD4+/TLR-2+ T cells in patients with GD decreased (p < 0.0001). The expression level of TLR-2 on CD4+ T lymphocytes correlated with serum FT3 concentration in patients with GD (r = 0.47, p = 0.007). The mean percentage of CD8+/TLR-2+ T cells in patients with GD before treatment compared to patients with GD after obtaining euthyroidism was higher (p = 0.0163). Similar findings were found for TLR-4. Thus the TLR-2 and TLR-4 can be a prognostic marker for Graves’ disease.
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Muller I, Barrett-Lee PJ. The antigenic link between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:122-134. [PMID: 31128301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The association between breast cancer and benign thyroid disorders, in particular thyroid autoimmunity, has been debated for decades. Autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase, the hallmark of thyroid autoimmunity, have a higher prevalence among patients with breast cancer compared with the general population. Furthermore a correlation between their positivity and a better prognosis of breast cancer was found in several independent small-scale studies, even if such observation was not confirmed in a subsequent retrospective study conducted on the largest patient cohort to date. The thyroid and mammary glands present several biological similarities, therefore the hypothesis of an immune response to shared thyroid/breast antigens could in part explain the association between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer. The sodium iodide symporter is expressed in both glands, however it seems unlikely to be the key common antigen, considering that autoantibodies targeting it are rare. Instead thyroid peroxidase, one of the major thyroid autoantigens, is also expressed in breast tissue and therefore represents the main antigenic link between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer. Furthermore lactoperoxidase, an enzyme of the same family that shares structural similarities with thyroid peroxidase, is expressed in neoplastic breast cells and is responsible for the cross-reactivity with some autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase. Novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer might take advantage of the antigenic link between thyroid and breast tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Muller
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Raposo L, Martins S, Ferreira D, Guimarães JT, Santos AC. Metabolic Syndrome, Thyroid Function and Autoimmunity - The PORMETS Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:75-83. [PMID: 30068285 PMCID: PMC6340154 DOI: 10.2174/1871530318666180801125258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in the Portuguese population has not yet been estimated. However, the national prevalence of the metabolic syndrome remains high. The association of thyroid pathology with cardiovascular risk has been addressed but is still unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity and to assess the associations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones and antibodies with metabolic syndrome, its components, and other possible determinants in a national sample. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present study included a subsample of 486 randomly selected participants from a nationwide cross-sectional study sample of 4095 adults. A structured questionnaire was administered on past medical history and socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were collected, and the serum lipid profile, glucose, insulin, hs- CRP, TSH, FT4, FT3 and thyroid antibodies were measured. RESULTS In our sample, the prevalence of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and undiagnosed dysfunction was 4.9%, 2.5% and 72.2%, respectively. Overall, the prevalence of positivity for the thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies was 11.9% and 15.0%, respectively. A positive association was found between free triiodothyronine and metabolic syndrome (OR: 2.019; 95% CI: 1.196, 3.410). Additionally, thyroid peroxidase antibodies had a negative association with metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.465; 95% CI: 0.236, 0.917) and its triglyceride component (OR: 0.321; 95% CI: 0.124, 0.836). CONCLUSION The prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity was high. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies were negatively associated with metabolic syndrome and its triglyceride component, whereas the free triiodothyronine level was positively associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Raposo
- Grupo de Estudo da Insulino-Resistência, Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Lisboa, Portugal.,Grupo de Estudo da Tiroide, Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Lisboa, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Servico de Patologia Clinica, Centro Hospitalar de S. Joao, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciencias da Saude Publica e Forenses e Educacao Medica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Servico de Patologia Clinica, Centro Hospitalar de S. Joao, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- Grupo de Estudo da Insulino-Resistência, Sociedade Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Lisboa, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciencias da Saude Publica e Forenses e Educacao Medica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Desai MK, Brinton RD. Autoimmune Disease in Women: Endocrine Transition and Risk Across the Lifespan. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:265. [PMID: 31110493 PMCID: PMC6501433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Women have a higher incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases than men, and 85% or more patients of multiple autoimmune diseases are female. Women undergo sweeping endocrinological changes at least twice during their lifetime, puberty and menopause, with many women undergoing an additional transition: pregnancy, which may or may not be accompanied by breastfeeding. These endocrinological transitions exert significant effects on the immune system due to interactions between the hormonal milieu, innate, and adaptive immune systems as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and thereby modulate the susceptibility of women to autoimmune diseases. Conversely, pre-existing autoimmune diseases themselves impact endocrine transitions. Concentration-dependent effects of estrogen on the immune system; the role of progesterone, androgens, leptin, oxytocin, and prolactin; and the interplay between Th1 and Th2 immune responses together maintain a delicate balance between host defense, immunological tolerance and autoimmunity. In this review, multiple autoimmune diseases have been analyzed in the context of each of the three endocrinological transitions in women. We provide evidence from human epidemiological data and animal studies that endocrine transitions exert profound impact on the development of autoimmune diseases in women through complex mechanisms. Greater understanding of endocrine transitions and their role in autoimmune diseases could aid in prediction, prevention, and cures of these debilitating diseases in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maunil K. Desai
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Shen H, Han J, Li Y, Lu C, Zhou J, Li Y, Su X. Different host-specific responses in thyroid function and gut microbiota modulation between diet-induced obese and normal mice given the same dose of iodine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3537-3547. [PMID: 30850874 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is an important trace element involved in thyroid hormone biosynthesis, while diet-induced obesity is reported to disturb the trace element metabolic balance. Herein, we studied the host-specific responses involved in modulating thyroid function and gut microbiota in obese mice after the iodine treatment and analyzed the possible causes for these responses. Obesity in the mice was induced by a high-fat diet, and the obese and normal mice were treated with the same iodine dosage (18 μg/kg/day) continuously for 8 weeks. Iodine treatment in the obese mice showed a weight-reducing effect, increased the thyroid hormone concentrations, altered the transcriptions of genes involved in thyroid hormone biosynthesis, and modulated the gut microbiota with an increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria and decreased the proportion of beneficial bacteria. However, completely different or even opposite response profiles were observed in the normal hosts. Our work indicated that obesity may exacerbate the risk of thyroid disease with a relatively safe dose of iodine, and individual differences should be considered with trace element supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Shen
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chenyang Lu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - Xiurong Su
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, China.
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Thyroid Autoimmunity and Autoimmunity in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Linked to Disease Severity, Therapeutic Response, and Time to Remission in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9856843. [PMID: 30515422 PMCID: PMC6236973 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9856843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is autoimmune in nature and associated with thyroid autoimmunity (TA), but evidence on autoimmunity in relation to CSU progression and prognosis is limited. We evaluated whether TA and autoimmunity in CSU are correlated with disease severity, therapeutic response, and time to remission and establish an association between CSU characteristics linked to thyroid autoantibody. Methods Medical records of patients diagnosed with urticaria attending outpatient dermatology clinic at a university-based hospital from 2013 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on the clinical characteristics, laboratory investigations particularly thyroid antibody titers, autologous serum skin test (ASST) and autologous plasma skin test (APST) results and their link to disease severity, treatments, and time to remission of CSU patients were analyzed. Results Of 1,096 patients with urticaria, 60.2% had CSU. Three-hundred patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for CSU with complete thyroid antibody testing. Positive TA was significantly associated with female gender and age > 35 years (p = 0.008). Antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO)-positive patients suffered from CSU longer than 12 and 18 months compared to anti-TPO-negative patients (100.0% vs. 82.6%, p = 0.042, and 100.0% vs. 75.9% p = 0.020, respectively). The presence of urticarial attacks > 4 days/week was significantly seen in ASST and APST-positive patients compared to those without (84.6% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.011, and 85.3% vs. 61.8%, p = 0.006, respectively). Positive APST patients were more difficult to treat than those with negative results (61.2% vs. 37.8%, p = 0.017). Conclusions Antithyroid peroxidase is a predictor of time to remission, while autologous skin testing is linked to disease severity (ASST and APST) and therapeutic response (APST) in CSU patients.
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29
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Kyrgios I, Giza S, Tsinopoulou VR, Maggana I, Haidich AB, Galli-Tsinopoulou A. Seasonality of month of birth in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis: a continuing conundrum. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:1123-1131. [PMID: 30226206 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to analyze the seasonal birth month pattern in young patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and compare it with youth controls. Methods Medical records of a total of 298 children and adolescents of Greek origin, with a diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) before the age of 21 years that were born from 1987 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. In addition, 298 consecutive subjects that were born from 1988 to 2012 and evaluated in a tertiary unit for any reason, served as controls, provided that they had no personal or family history of thyroid or any other autoimmune disease. Results Significant differences were found between children and adolescents with HT and healthy controls in the yearly pattern of month of birth distribution (p=0.029). During month-by-month analysis, it was shown that the highest and lowest predispositions to HT were among those born in spring (March) (odds ratio [OR] 2.34, p=0.005), and autumn (November) (OR 0.49, p=0.035), respectively. A binary logistic regression model also revealed that season of birth and sex were the only factors that remained related to HT disease, even after adjustment for confounding factors such as year of birth and age (p<0.001, Nagelkerke r-square 0.151). Conclusions This study suggests that the effect of certain seasonal factors during fetal development, reflected by the seasonal differences in birth pattern, in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis could contribute to long-term programming of an autoimmune response against the thyroid gland. Further studies are needed to demonstrate a clear cause and effect relationship between month of birth and HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kyrgios
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Styliani Giza
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Rengina Tsinopoulou
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Maggana
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna-Bettina Haidich
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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30
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Barić A, Brčić L, Gračan S, Škrabić V, Brekalo M, Šimunac M, Lovrić VT, Anić I, Barbalić M, Zemunik T, Punda A, Boraska Perica V. Thyroglobulin Antibodies are Associated with Symptom Burden in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Immunol Invest 2018; 48:198-209. [PMID: 30332318 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1529040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common form of autoimmune thyroid disorders characterized by lower production of thyroid hormones and positivity to autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (TgAb) and/or thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb). We performed a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of patients with HT, with specific focus on thyroid autoimmunity, to get better understanding of disease manifestation. METHODS We collected information on thyroid-specific phenotypes (TSH, T3, T4, fT4, TgAb, TPOAb, thyroid volume) and other clinical phenotypes (age, body surface area, number of hypothyroidism symptoms, blood pressure) from 290 patients with HT without levothyroxine (LT4) therapy with the aim to test for correlations between thyroid-specific and clinical phenotypes. RESULTS Our key and novel finding is the existence of significant positive correlation between TgAb levels and the number of symptoms (r = 0.25, p = 0.0001) in HT patients without LT4 therapy that remained significant after adjustment for TPOAb, T3, TSH levels and thyroid volume (β = 0.66, SE = 0.3, p = 0.0299). Increased TgAb levels are significantly associated with fragile hair (p = 0.0043), face edema (p = 0.0061), edema of the eyes (p = 0.0293) and harsh voice (p = 0.0349). CONCLUSIONS Elevated TgAb levels are associated with symptom burden in HT patients, suggesting a role of thyroid autoimmunity in clinical manifestations of HT. Based on these results, we recommend screening for TgAb antibodies in HT patients with symptom burden. We also suggest that further work on understandings of symptoms appearance due to their autoimmune or hypothyroid causation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barić
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Luka Brčić
- b Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Sanda Gračan
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Veselin Škrabić
- c Department of Pediatrics , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Marko Brekalo
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Marta Šimunac
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | | | - Iva Anić
- d School of Medicine , University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Maja Barbalić
- b Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- b Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Ante Punda
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- b Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
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Are Thyroid Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Cardiometabolic Risks in a Population with Normal Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone? Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:1856137. [PMID: 30405316 PMCID: PMC6199879 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1856137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The interrelation between thyroid autoimmunity and cardiovascular risks is complex and has not been confirmed. This study aimed at evaluating whether there exists a relationship between thyroid autoimmune diseases (AITDs) and cardiometabolic risks in a large population with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Methods The data was obtained from a cross-sectional study (SPECT-China study). This study enrolled 9082 subjects (3948 males and 5134 females) above 18 years with normal TSH levels. AITD was defined according to the positivity of TPOAb and TgAb as well as thyroid ultrasonography (US) findings. Results After full adjustment, TPOAb and/or TgAb positivity (TPO/TgAb (+)) was significantly associated with higher BMI, waist circumference (WC), and HbA1c only in women (P = 0.004, 0.026 and 0.032, respectively), while both TPO/TgAb positivity and US positivity (TPO/TgAb (+) and US (+)) were positively associated with BMI and WC in both genders (P = 0.002 and 0.020 in men; P < 0.001and <0.001 in women). TPO/TgAb (+) and US (+) were positively associated with HOMA-IR in women (P = 0.021) as well. Binary logistic analysis showed that AITDs had increased risks of central obesity, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome only in women (all P < 0.05). Moreover, TPO/TgAb (+) and US (+) were associated with an increased risk of obesity for both genders (P = 0.014 in men and P = 0.006 in women). Conclusions Thyroid autoimmunity was positively associated with HbA1c, HOMA-IR, obesity, central obesity, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, especially in women. This highlighted that AITDs may be potential risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders even if one's TSH was within the reference range.
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Schlüter A, Flögel U, Diaz-Cano S, Görtz GE, Stähr K, Oeverhaus M, Plöhn S, Mattheis S, Moeller LC, Lang S, Bechrakis NE, Banga JP, Eckstein A, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U. Graves' orbitopathy occurs sex-independently in an autoimmune hyperthyroid mouse model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13096. [PMID: 30166557 PMCID: PMC6117361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is the most common extra thyroidal complication of Graves’ disease (GD) and occurs predominantly in women but more severe in men. The reason for this effect of gender on GO is unknown. Herein we studied the manifestation of GO in both sexes of an induced mouse model in absence of additional risk factors present in patients like advanced age, genetic variabilities or smoking. Male and female mice were immunized with human TSHR A-subunit encoding plasmid. Both sexes comparably developed autoimmune hyperthyroidism characterized by TSHR stimulating autoantibodies, elevated T4 values, hyperplastic thyroids and hearts. Autoimmune mice developed inflammatory eye symptoms and proptosis, although males earlier than females. Serial in vivo1H/19F-magnetic resonance imaging revealed elevated inflammatory infiltration, increased fat volume and glycosaminoglycan deposition in orbits of both sexes but most significantly in female mice. Histologically, infiltration of T-cells, extension of brown fat and overall collagen deposition were characteristics of GO in male mice. In contrast, female mice developed predominately macrophage infiltration in muscle and connective tissue, and muscle hypertrophy. Apart from sex-dependent variabilities in pathogenesis, disease classification revealed minor sex-differences in incidence and total outcome. In conclusion, sex does not predispose for autoimmune hyperthyroidism and associated GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schlüter
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Salvador Diaz-Cano
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gina-Eva Görtz
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stähr
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Oeverhaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Plöhn
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mattheis
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - J Paul Banga
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Eckstein
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Chen Y, Wang N, Chen Y, Li Q, Han B, Chen C, Zhai H, Lu Y. The association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibody: A new insight from SPECT-China study. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:238-244. [PMID: 30016121 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1488968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been studied with inflammation and immune, but the link with thyroid autoimmunity is unreported. This study aimed to explore the direct association of NAFLD with thyroid autoimmune disease (AITD) among participants with normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. The data were obtained from a cross-sectional study (SPECT-China). A total of 7982 participants were enrolled. Participants underwent several checkups including peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid, and liver ultrasonography (US). The prevalence of NAFLD was higher in TPOAb and/or TgAb positive [TPO/TgAb (+)] group and TPOAb and/or TgAb together with US positive [TPO/TgAb (+) and US (+)] group for both genders. After full adjustment, binary logistic analysis showed the presence of NAFLD was positively associated with the serum level of TPOAb in men (p < .001) and TgAb in women (p = .001). Both TPO/TgAb (+) and TPO/TgAb (+) and US (+) were associated with an increased risk of NAFLD in both genders [TPO/TgAb (+): odds ratio (OR) 1.474, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.102, 1.970 in men and OR 1.308, 95%CI 1.061, 1.612 in women; TPO/TgAb (+) and US (+): OR 1.796, 95%CI 1.143, 2.820 in men and OR 1.380, 95%CI 1.058, 1.801 in women]. Thus, we got a conclusion that the prevalence of NAFLD was positively associated with the level and the positivity of TPOAb and TgAb among participants with normal TSH levels. This is the first report suggesting that there might exist common pathways in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and thyroid autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- a Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- a Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yingchao Chen
- a Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qin Li
- a Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Bing Han
- a Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Chi Chen
- a Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hualing Zhai
- a Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yingli Lu
- a Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Pandiyan B, Merrill SJ, Di Bari F, Antonelli A, Benvenga S. A patient-specific treatment model for Graves' hyperthyroidism. Theor Biol Med Model 2018; 15:1. [PMID: 29310665 PMCID: PMC5759289 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-017-0073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graves’ is disease an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland caused by circulating anti-thyroid receptor antibodies (TRAb) in the serum. TRAb mimics the action of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and stimulates the thyroid hormone receptor (TSHR), which results in hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid gland) and goiter. Methimazole (MMI) is used for hyperthyroidism treatment for patients with Graves’ disease. Methods We have developed a model using a system of ordinary differential equations for hyperthyroidism treatment with MMI. The model has four state variables, namely concentration of MMI (in mg/L), concentration of free thyroxine - FT4 (in pg/mL), and concentration of TRAb (in U/mL) and the functional size of the thyroid gland (in mL) with thirteen parameters. With a treatment parameter, we simulate the time-course of patients’ progression from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism (normal condition). We validated the model predictions with data from four patients. Results When there is no MMI treatment, there is a unique asymptotically stable hyperthyroid state. After the initiation of MMI treatment, the hyperthyroid state moves towards subclinical hyperthyroidism and then euthyroidism. Conclusion We can use the model to describe or test and predict patient treatment schedules. More specifically, we can fit the model to individual patients’ data including loading and maintenance doses and describe the mechanism, hyperthyroidism→euthyroidism. The model can be used to predict when to discontinue the treatment based on FT4 levels within the physiological range, which in turn help maintain the remittance of euthyroidism and avoid relapses of hyperthyroidism. Basically, the model can guide with decision-making on oral intake of MMI based on FT4 levels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12976-017-0073-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Pandiyan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, 800 W. Main Street, Whitewater, 53190, WI, USA.
| | - Stephen J Merrill
- Department of MSCS, Marquette University, Milwaukee, 53201-1881, WI, USA
| | - Flavia Di Bari
- Divisione di Endocrinologia, Policlinico Universitario di Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Divisione di Endocrinologia, Policlinico Universitario di Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
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36
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Lauretta R, Sansone M, Sansone A, Romanelli F, Appetecchia M. Gender in Endocrine Diseases: Role of Sex Gonadal Hormones. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:4847376. [PMID: 30420884 PMCID: PMC6215564 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4847376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender- and sex- related differences represent a new frontier towards patient-tailored medicine, taking into account that theoretically every medical specialty can be influenced by both of them. Sex hormones define the differences between males and females, and the different endocrine environment promoted by estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, and their precursors might influence both human physiology and pathophysiology. With the term Gender we refer, instead, to behaviors, roles, expectations, and activities carried out by the individual in society. In other words, "gender" refers to a sociocultural sphere of the individual, whereas "sex" only defines the biological sex. In the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to understand the influence that gender can have on both the human physiology and pathogenesis of diseases. Even the clinical response to therapy may be influenced by sex hormones and gender, but further research is needed to investigate and clarify how they can affect the human pathophysiology. The path to a tailored medicine in which every patient is able to receive early diagnosis, risk assessments, and optimal treatments cannot exclude the importance of gender. In this review, we have focused our attention on the involvement of sex hormones and gender on different endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Lauretta
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Endocrinology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Sansone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Sansone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Romanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Appetecchia
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Endocrinology Unit, Rome, Italy
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Ramírez Sepúlveda JI, Kvarnström M, Eriksson P, Mandl T, Norheim KB, Johnsen SJ, Hammenfors D, Jonsson MV, Skarstein K, Brun JG, Rönnblom L, Forsblad-d'Elia H, Magnusson Bucher S, Baecklund E, Theander E, Omdal R, Jonsson R, Nordmark G, Wahren-Herlenius M. Long-term follow-up in primary Sjögren's syndrome reveals differences in clinical presentation between female and male patients. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:25. [PMID: 28789696 PMCID: PMC5549313 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite men being less prone to develop autoimmune diseases, male sex has been associated with a more severe disease course in several systemic autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate differences in the clinical presentation of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) between the sexes and establish whether male sex is associated with a more severe form of long-term pSS. Methods Our study population included 967 patients with pSS (899 females and 68 males) from Scandinavian clinical centers. The mean follow-up time (years) was 8.8 ± 7.6 for women and 8.5 ± 6.2 for men (ns). Clinical data including serological and hematological parameters and glandular and extraglandular manifestations were compared between men and women. Results Male patient serology was characterized by more frequent positivity for anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB (p = 0.02), and ANA (p = 0.02). Further, men with pSS were more frequently diagnosed with interstitial lung disease (p = 0.008), lymphadenopathy (p = 0.04) and lymphoma (p = 0.007). Conversely, concomitant hypothyroidism was more common among female patients (p = 0.009). Conclusions We observe enhanced serological responses and higher frequencies of lymphoma-related extraglandular manifestations in men with pSS. Notably, lymphoma itself was also significantly more common in men. These observations may reflect an aggravated immune activation and a more severe pathophysiological state in male patients with pSS and indicate a personalized managing of the disease due to the influence of the sex of patients with pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge I Ramírez Sepúlveda
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Kvarnström
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Mandl
- Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katrine Brække Norheim
- Clinical immunology unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Svein Joar Johnsen
- Clinical immunology unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Daniel Hammenfors
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Malin V Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Section for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kathrine Skarstein
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johan G Brun
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Forsblad-d'Elia
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Magnusson Bucher
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Baecklund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elke Theander
- Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Roald Omdal
- Clinical immunology unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnel Nordmark
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang N, Chen C, Nie X, Li Q, Han B, Xia F, Zhai H, Jiang B, Shen Z, Lu Y. Are thyroid nodules associated with sex-related hormones? A cross-sectional SPECT-China study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015812. [PMID: 28775186 PMCID: PMC5629675 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the association between thyroid nodules (TNs) and endogenous sex hormones. We aimed to investigate the relationship between TNs and sex-related hormones among men in China. SETTING The data were obtained from a cross-sectional study Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China study, 2014-2015) based on the population. PARTICIPANTS In total, 4024 men over 18 years of age who were not using hormone replacement therapy and who underwent complete assays of the serum total testosterone (T), oestradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels as well as thyroid ultrasonography (US) enrolled in this study. RESULTS Of the 4024 participants (54.15±13.08 years old), 1667 participants (41.4%) had TNs. Men with TN(s) (TN(+) group) had significantly lower levels of total T and SHBG and higher E2/T levels compared with the men without TN(s) (TN(-) group) (p<0.05). The TN prevalence decreased with the quartiles of the SHBG level (p<0.05). Binary logistic analysis showed that lower quartiles of SHBG had a greater risk of TN(s) (all p for trend <0.05). This association persisted in the fully adjusted model (p for trend=0.017), in which, for the lowest compared with the highest quartile of SHBG, the OR of TN(s) was 1.42 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.89). No statistically significant association was found between sex-related hormones and US characteristics associated with malignancy (nodule >10 mm, microcalcification and a 'taller' than 'wider' shape). CONCLUSIONS TNs are highly prevalent in men in China. A lower SHBG level was significantly associated with TN among men. The potential role of SHBG in the pathogenesis of the TN remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Nie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualing Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boren Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhoujun Shen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Percy ME, Lukiw WJ. Is heart disease a risk factor for low dementia test battery scores in older persons with Down syndrome? Exploratory, pilot study, and commentary. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 66:22-35. [PMID: 33859818 PMCID: PMC8046177 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2017.1301023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Certain heart conditions and diseases are common in Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21), but their role in early onset dementia that is prevalent in older adults with DS has not been evaluated. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study of risk factors for low neurocognitive/behavioral scores obtained with a published dementia test battery (DTB). Participants were adults with DS living in New York (N = 29; average age 46 years). We asked three questions. 1. Does having any type of heart disease affect the association between DTB scores and chronological age? 2. Does thyroid status affect the association between heart disease and DTB scores? 3. Are the E4 or E2 alleles of apolipoprotein E (APOE) associated with DTB scores or with heart disease? METHOD The study was retrospective, pilot, and exploratory. It involved analysis of information in a database previously established for the study of aging in DS. Participants had moderate intellectual disability on average. Information for each person included: gender, age, a single DTB score obtained by combining results from individual subscales of the DTB, the presence or absence of heart disease, thyroid status (treated hypothyroidism or normal), and APOE genotype. Trends were visualized by inspection of graphs and contingency tables. Statistical methods used to evaluate associations included Pearson correlation analysis, Fisher's exact tests (2-tailed), and odds ratio analysis. P values were interpreted at the 95% confidence level without Bonferroni correction. P values >.05<.1 were considered trends. RESULTS The negative correlation between DTB scores and age was significant in those with heart disease but not in those without. Heart disease was significantly associated with DTB scores >1 SD below the sample mean; there was a strong association between heart disease and low DTB scores in those with treated hypothyroidism but not in those with normal thyroid status. The APOE genotype was weakly associated with heart disease (E4, predisposing; E2, protective) in males. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the potentially important findings from the present study, large prospective studies are warranted to confirm and extend the observations. In these, particular heart conditions or diseases and other medical comorbidities in individuals should be documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maire E. Percy
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Toronto, Canada
- Surrey Place Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, New OrleansLA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New OrleansLA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New OrleansLA, USA
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Moon JH, Lim S, Jo K, Lee S, Seo S, Kim S. PINTnet: construction of condition-specific pathway interaction network by computing shortest paths on weighted PPI. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:15. [PMID: 28361687 PMCID: PMC5374644 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Identifying perturbed pathways in a given condition is crucial in understanding biological phenomena. In addition to identifying perturbed pathways individually, pathway analysis should consider interactions among pathways. Currently available pathway interaction prediction methods are based on the existence of overlapping genes between pathways, protein-protein interaction (PPI) or functional similarities. However, these approaches just consider the pathways as a set of genes, thus they do not take account of topological features. In addition, most of the existing approaches do not handle the explicit gene expression quantity information that is routinely measured by RNA-sequecing. Results To overcome these technical issues, we developed a new pathway interaction network construction method using PPI, closeness centrality and shortest paths. We tested our approach on three different high-throughput RNA-seq data sets: pregnant mice data to reveal the role of serotonin on beta cell mass, bone-metastatic breast cancer data and autoimmune thyroiditis data to study the role of IFN- α. Our approach successfully identified the pathways reported in the original papers. For the pathways that are not directly mentioned in the original papers, we were able to find evidences of pathway interactions by the literature search. Our method outperformed two existing approaches, overlapping gene-based approach (OGB) and protein-protein interaction-based approach (PB), in experiments with the three data sets. Conclusion Our results show that PINTnet successfully identified condition-specific perturbed pathways and the interactions between the pathways. We believe that our method will be very useful in characterizing biological mechanisms at the pathway level. PINTnet is available at http://biohealth.snu.ac.kr/software/PINTnet/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Moon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuri Jo
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangseon Lee
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjun Seo
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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MacIver NJ, Thomas SM, Green CL, Worley G. Increased leptin levels correlate with thyroid autoantibodies in nonobese males. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 85:116-21. [PMID: 26445359 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin is an adipokine that regulates body weight and appetite. It is also an inflammatory cytokine that influences immune reactivity and autoimmunity. Leptin levels are increased in obesity and are higher in women than in men. We aimed to determine whether leptin levels, independent of sex and body mass index (BMI), are associated with thyroid autoimmunity. DESIGN This study uses data from The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to test the association of leptin and thyroid autoimmunity, independent of BMI. MEASUREMENTS Thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, antithyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies and leptin levels were measured in 2902 men and 3280 women within the NHANES III population. BMI was calculated from height and weight. RESULTS Women had significantly higher leptin levels and anti-TPO antibody titres than men. Correlation analyses demonstrated that leptin levels were associated with anti-TPO antibody levels in the total population, but when men and women were analysed separately, this association was lost. We then stratified men and women into obese (BMI > 30) or nonobese (BMI ≤ 30) subgroups and determined the association between leptin levels and anti-TPO antibody titres for each subgroup. Using regression analysis, we found that increased leptin levels correlated with thyroid autoantibodies in nonobese males, but not in obese males or in females. CONCLUSIONS Leptin levels correlated with thyroid autoantibody titres in nonobese males. This association was not found in females. Sex and body habitus should therefore be considered in studying the role of leptin in other autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven M Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia L Green
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gordon Worley
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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