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Seferović PM, Paulus WJ, Rosano G, Polovina M, Petrie MC, Jhund PS, Tschöpe C, Sattar N, Piepoli M, Papp Z, Standl E, Mamas MA, Valensi P, Linhart A, Lalić N, Ceriello A, Döhner W, Ristić A, Milinković I, Seferović J, Cosentino F, Metra M, Coats AJS. Diabetic myocardial disorder. A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC and the ESC Working Group on Myocardial & Pericardial Diseases. Eur J Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38896048 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF) has been firmly established; however, the entity of diabetic myocardial disorder (previously called diabetic cardiomyopathy) remains a matter of debate. Diabetic myocardial disorder was originally described as the occurrence of myocardial structural/functional abnormalities associated with T2DM in the absence of coronary heart disease, hypertension and/or obesity. However, supporting evidence has been derived from experimental and small clinical studies. Only a minority of T2DM patients are recognized as having this condition in the absence of contributing factors, thereby limiting its clinical utility. Therefore, this concept is increasingly being viewed along the evolving HF trajectory, where patients with T2DM and asymptomatic structural/functional cardiac abnormalities could be considered as having pre-HF. The importance of recognizing this stage has gained interest due to the potential for current treatments to halt or delay the progression to overt HF in some patients. This document is an expert consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC and the ESC Working Group on Myocardial & Pericardial Diseases. It summarizes contemporary understanding of the association between T2DM and HF and discuses current knowledge and uncertainties about diabetic myocardial disorder that deserve future research. It also proposes a new definition, whereby diabetic myocardial disorder is defined as systolic and/or diastolic myocardial dysfunction in the presence of diabetes. Diabetes is rarely exclusively responsible for myocardial dysfunction, but usually acts in association with obesity, arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease and/or coronary artery disease, causing additive myocardial impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar M Seferović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Walter J Paulus
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Cardiology, San Raffaele Cassino Hospital, Cassino, Italy
| | - Marija Polovina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mark C Petrie
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Center for Regenerative Therapies, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology (CVK) and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)- Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Piepoli
- Cardiology University Department, RCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eberhard Standl
- Diabetes Research Group e.V. at Munich Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Paul Valensi
- Polyclinique d'Aubervilliers, Aubervilliers, and Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Ales Linhart
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nebojša Lalić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Endocrinology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Wolfram Döhner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Center for Regenerative Therapies, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology (CVK) and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)- Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arsen Ristić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Milinković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Seferović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Endocrinology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Metra
- Institute of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Chen YF, Qiu Q, Wang L, Li XR, Zhou S, Wang H, Jiang WD, Geng JY, Qin-Gao, Tang B, Wang HJ, Kang PF. Quercetin Ameliorates Myocardial Injury in Diabetic Rats by Regulating Autophagy and Apoptosis through AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:841-864. [PMID: 38716618 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A high-glucose environment is involved in the progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aims to explore the regulatory effects of quercetin (QUE) on autophagy and apoptosis after myocardial injury in rats with DM. The type 2 DM rat models were constructed using low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) treatment combined with a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet in vivo. Compared with the control group, the body weight was decreased, whereas blood pressure, blood glucose, and the LVW/BW ratio were increased in the diabetic group. The results showed that the myocardial fibers were disordered in the diabetic group. Moreover, we found that the myocardial collagen fibers, PAS-positive cells, and apoptosis were increased, whereas the mitochondrial structure was destroyed and autophagic vacuoles were significantly reduced in the diabetic group compared with the control group. The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin1 were decreased, whereas the expression levels of P62, Caspae-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 were increased in the diabetic group in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, QUE treatment alleviated the cellular oxidative stress reaction under high-glucose environments. The results of immunoprecipitation (IP) showed that the autophagy protein Beclin1 was bound to Bcl-2, and the binding capacity increased in the HG group, whereas it decreased after QUE treatment, suggesting that QUE inhibited the binding capacity between Beclin1 and Bcl-2, thus leading to the preservation of Beclin1-induced autophagy. In addition, the blood pressure, blood glucose, and cardiac function of rats were improved following QUE treatment. In conclusion, QUE suppressed diabetic myocardial injury and ameliorated cardiac function by regulating myocardial autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis in diabetes through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Rong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 2019, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P. R. China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Grade 2019, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Di Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Geng
- Department of Psychiatry, Grade 2019, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Gao
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P. R. China
| | - Bi Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ju Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
| | - Pin-Fang Kang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P. R. China
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Li Z, Ren Y, Lv Z, Li M, Li Y, Fan X, Xiong Y, Qian L. Decrypting the circular RNAs does a favor for us: Understanding, diagnosing and treating diabetes mellitus and its complications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115744. [PMID: 37862970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of single-stranded noncoding RNAs with a covalently closed loop structure, are generated in a circular conformation via non-canonical splicing or back-splicing events. Functionally, circRNAs have been elucidated to soak up microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA binding proteins (RBPs), serve as protein scaffolds, maintain mRNA stability, and regulate gene transcription and translation. Notably, circRNAs are strongly implicated in the regulation of β-cell functions, insulin resistance, adipocyte functions, inflammation as well as oxidative stress via acting as miRNA sponges and RBP sponges. Basic and clinical studies have demonstrated that aberrant alterations of circRNAs expressions are strongly associated with the initiation and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Here in this review, we present a summary of the biogenesis, transportation, degradation and functions of circRNAs, and highlight the recent findings on circRNAs and their action mechanisms in DM and its complications. Overall, this review should contribute greatly to our understanding of circRNAs in DM pathogenesis, offering insights into the further perspectives of circRNAs for DM diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ziwei Lv
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi' an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi' an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi' an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, Xi' an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Yuan Z, Tian Y, Zhang C, Wang M, Xie J, Wang C, Huang J. Integration of systematic review, lipidomics with experiment verification reveals abnormal sphingolipids facilitate diabetic retinopathy by inducing oxidative stress on RMECs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159382. [PMID: 37659619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the potential biomarkers in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) into diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS Systematic review of diabetic metabolomics was used to screen the differential metabolites and related pathways during the development of DM. Non-targeted lipidomics of rat plasma was performed to explore the differential metabolites in the development of DM into DR in vivo. To verify the effects of differential metabolites in inducing retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) injury by increasing oxidative stress, high glucose medium containing differential metabolites was used to induce rat RMECs injury and cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated in vitro. Network pharmacology was performed to explore the potential mechanism of differential metabolites in inducing DR. RESULTS Through the systematic review, 148 differential metabolites were obtained and the sphingolipid metabolic pathway attracted our attention. Plasma non-targeted lipidomics found that sphingolipids were accompanied by the development of DM into DR. In vitro experiments showed sphinganine and sphingosine-1-phosphate aggravated rat RMECs injury induced by high glucose, further increased MDA and ROS levels, and further decreased SOD activities and MMP. Network pharmacology revealed sphinganine and sphingosine-1-phosphate may induce DR by regulating the AGE-RAGE and HIF-1 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Integrated systematic review, lipidomics and experiment verification reveal that abnormal sphingolipid metabolism facilitates DR by inducing oxidative stress on RMECs. Our study could provide the experimental basis for finding potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshuang Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingshuang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jianmei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Seksaria S, Mehan S, Dutta BJ, Gupta GD, Ganti SS, Singh A. Oxymatrine and insulin resistance: Focusing on mechanistic intricacies involve in diabetes associated cardiomyopathy via SIRT1/AMPK and TGF-β signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23330. [PMID: 36890713 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy (CDM) and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large part because of the increase in the number of diabetes mellitus cases. The clinical consequence associated with CDM is heart failure (HF) and is considerably worse for patients with diabetes mellitus, as compared to nondiabetics. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional malfunctioning of the heart, which includes diastolic dysfunction followed by systolic dysfunction, myocyte hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunctional remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis. Indeed, many reports in the literature indicate that various signaling pathways, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), PI3K/Akt, and TGF-β/smad pathways, are involved in diabetes-related cardiomyopathy, which increases the risk of functional and structural abnormalities of the heart. Therefore, targeting these pathways augments the prevention as well as treatment of patients with DCM. Alternative pharmacotherapy, such as that using natural compounds, has been shown to have promising therapeutic effects. Thus, this article reviews the potential role of the quinazoline alkaloid, oxymatrine obtained from the Sophora flavescensin CDM associated with diabetes mellitus. Numerous studies have given a therapeutic glimpse of the role of oxymatrine in the multiple secondary complications related to diabetes, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, stroke, and cardiovascular complications via reductions in oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, which might be due to targeting signaling pathways, such as AMPK, SIRT1, PI3K/Akt, and TGF-β pathways. Thus, these pathways are considered central regulators of diabetes and its secondary complications, and targeting these pathways with oxymatrine might provide a therapeutic tool for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Seksaria
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Bhaskar J Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam D Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Subrahmanya S Ganti
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
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Wang T, Li J, Li H, Zhong X, Wang L, Zhao S, Liu X, Huang Z, Wang Y. Aerobic Exercise Inhibited P2X7 Purinergic Receptors to Improve Cardiac Remodeling in Mice With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:828020. [PMID: 35711309 PMCID: PMC9197582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.828020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), the main complication of diabetes mellitus, presents as cardiac dysfunction by ventricular remodeling. In addition, the inhibition of P2X7 purinergic receptors (P2X7R) alleviates cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis in Type 1 diabetes. However, whether exercise training improves cardiac remodeling by regulating P2X7R remains unknown. Methods: Db/db mice spontaneously induced with type 2 diabetes and high-fat diet (HFD) and mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mice were treated by 12-week treadmill training. Cardiac functions were observed by two-dimensional echocardiography. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Sirius red staining and transmission electron microscopy were respectively used to detect cardiac morphology, fibrosis and mitochondria. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot were used to detect mRNA and protein levels. Results: Studying the hearts of db/db mice and STZ-induced mice, we found that collagen deposition and the number of disordered cells significantly increased compared with the control group. However, exercise markedly reversed these changes, and the same tendency was observed in the expression of MMP9, COL-I, and TGF-β, which indicated cardiac fibrotic and hypertrophic markers, including ANP and MyHC expression. In addition, the increased Caspase-3 level and the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 were reduced by exercise training, and similar results were observed in the TUNEL test. Notably, the expression of P2X7R was greatly upregulated in the hearts of db/db mice and HFD + STZ-induced DM mice and downregulated by aerobic exercise. Moreover, we indicated that P2X7R knock out significantly reduced the collagen deposition and disordered cells in the DM group. Furthermore, the apoptosis levels and TUNEL analysis were greatly inhibited by exercise or in the P2X7R-/- group in DM. We found significant differences between the P2X7R-/- + DM + EX group and DM + EX group in myocardial tissue apoptosis and fibrosis, in which the former is significantly milder. Moreover, compared with the P2X7R-/- + DM group, the P2X7R-/- + DM + EX group represented a lower level of cardiac fibrosis. The expression levels of TGF-β at the protein level and TGF-β and ANP at the genetic level were evidently decreased in the P2X7R-/- + DM + EX group. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise reversed cardiac remodeling in diabetic mice at least partly through inhibiting P2X7R expression in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Luya Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shujue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhouqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Isse FA, El-Sherbeni AA, El-Kadi AOS. The multifaceted role of cytochrome P450-Derived arachidonic acid metabolites in diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:141-160. [PMID: 35306928 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding lipid metabolism is a critical key to understanding the pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It is known that 60-90% of DM patients are obese or used to be obese. The incidence of obesity is rising owing to the modern sedentary lifestyle that leads to insulin resistance and increased levels of free fatty acids, predisposing tissues to utilize more lipids with less glucose uptake. However, the exact mechanism is not yet fully elucidated. Diabetic cardiomyopathy seems to be associated with these alterations in lipid metabolism. Arachidonic acid (AA) is an important fatty acid that is metabolized to several bioactive compounds by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and the more recently discovered, cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. P450 metabolizes AA to either epoxy-AA (EETs) or hydroxy-AA (HETEs). Studies showed that EETs could have cardioprotective effects and beneficial effects in reversing abnormalities in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Conversely, HETEs, most importantly 12-HETE and 20-HETE, were found to interfere with normal glucose and insulin homeostasis and thus, might be involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we highlight the role of P450-derived AA metabolites in the context of DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy and their potential use as a target for developing new treatments for DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadumo Ahmed Isse
- Departmet of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherbeni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Departmet of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Huang K, Luo X, Zhong Y, Deng L, Feng J. New insights into the role of melatonin in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00904. [PMID: 35005848 PMCID: PMC8929360 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiovascular complications and impaired cardiac function are considered to be the main causes of death in diabetic patients worldwide, especially patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An increasing number of studies have shown that melatonin, as the main product secreted by the pineal gland, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of diabetes. Melatonin improves myocardial cell metabolism, reduces vascular endothelial cell death, reverses microcirculation disorders, reduces myocardial fibrosis, reduces oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulates cell autophagy and apoptosis, and improves mitochondrial function, all of which are the characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). This review focuses on the role of melatonin in DCM. We also discuss new molecular findings that might facilitate a better understanding of the underlying mechanism. Finally, we propose potential new therapeutic strategies for patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xianling Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Sangweni NF, Mosa RA, Dludla PV, Kappo AP, Opoku AR, Muller CJF, Johnson R. The triterpene, methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oate (RA3), attenuates high glucose-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis by improving energy metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153546. [PMID: 33799221 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia-induced cardiovascular dysfunction has been linked to oxidative stress and accelerated apoptosis in the diabetic myocardium. While there is currently no treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), studies suggest that the combinational use of anti-hyperglycemic agents and triterpenes could be effective in alleviating DCM. HYPOTHESIS To investigate the therapeutic effect of methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oate (RA3), in the absence or presence of the anti-diabetic drug, metformin (MET), against hyperglycemia-induced cardiac injury using an in vitro H9c2 cell model. METHODS To mimic a hyperglycemic state, H9c2 cells were exposed to high glucose (HG, 33 mM) for 24 h. Thereafter, the cells were treated with RA3 (1 μM), MET (1 μM) and the combination of MET (1 μM) plus RA3 (1 μM) for 24 h, to assess the treatments therapeutic effect. RESULTS Biochemical analysis revealed that RA3, with or without MET, improves glucose uptake via insulin-dependent (IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling) and independent (AMPK) pathways whilst ameliorating the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the H9c2 cells. Mechanistically, RA3 was able to alleviate HG-stimulated oxidative stress through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation as well as the reduced expression of the PKC/NF-кB cascade through decreased intracellular lipid content. Subsequently, RA3 was able to mitigate HG-induced apoptosis by decreasing the activity of caspase 3/7 and DNA fragmentation in the cardiomyoblasts. CONCLUSION RA3, in the absence or presence of MET, demonstrated potent therapeutic properties against hyperglycemia-mediated cardiac damage and could be a suitable candidate in the prevention of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlakanipho F Sangweni
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Rebamang A Mosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Division of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Abidemi P Kappo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Andy R Opoku
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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10
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Wan H, Zhao S, Zeng Q, Tan Y, Zhang C, Liu L, Qu S. CircRNAs in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 517:127-132. [PMID: 33711326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is an important irreversible chronic cardiovascular complication in diabetic patients. This condition is described as early diastolic dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, systolic dysfunction and other complex pathophysiological events, which ultimately lead to heart failure. Despite these characteristics, the underlying mechanisms resulting in diabetic cardiomyopathy are still unknown. With the developments in molecular biotechnology, increasing evidence shows that circRNAs play critical roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent studies on the role of circRNAs in the pathophysiological process to provide novel prevention and treatment strategies for diabetic cardiomyopathy, oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis and cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengquan Wan
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Simin Zhao
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Yao Tan
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Clinic Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Shunlin Qu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
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11
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Abstract
Diabetic heart disease is a growing and important public health risk. Apart from the risk of coronary artery disease or hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known risk factor for heart failure in the form of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DiaCM). Currently, DiaCM is defined as myocardial dysfunction in patients with DM in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. The underlying pathomechanism of DiaCM is partially understood, but accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic derangements, oxidative stress, increased myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy, inflammation, enhanced apoptosis, impaired intracellular calcium handling, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulation of microRNAs, among other factors, are involved. Numerous animal models have been used to investigate the pathomechanisms of DiaCM. Despite some limitations, animal models for DiaCM have greatly advanced our understanding of pathomechanisms and have helped in the development of successful disease management strategies. In this review, we summarize the current pathomechanisms of DiaCM and provide animal models for DiaCM according to its pathomechanisms, which may contribute to broadening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and facilitating the identification of possible new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Wang-Soo Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8264-0866 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea E-mail:
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Wang-Soo Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8264-0866 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea E-mail:
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12
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Battault S, Renguet E, Van Steenbergen A, Horman S, Beauloye C, Bertrand L. Myocardial glucotoxicity: Mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 113:736-748. [PMID: 33189592 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Besides coronary artery disease, which remains the main cause of heart failure in patients with diabetes, factors independent of coronary artery disease are involved in the development of heart failure in the onset of what is called diabetic cardiomyopathy. Among them, hyperglycaemia - a hallmark of type 2 diabetes - has both acute and chronic deleterious effects on myocardial function, and clearly participates in the establishment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the present review, we summarize the cellular and tissular events that occur in a heart exposed to hyperglycaemia, and depict the complex molecular mechanisms proposed to be involved in glucotoxicity. Finally, from a more translational perspective, different therapeutic strategies targeting hyperglycaemia-mediated molecular mechanisms will be detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Battault
- Pole of cardiovascular research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edith Renguet
- Pole of cardiovascular research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Van Steenbergen
- Pole of cardiovascular research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pole of cardiovascular research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pole of cardiovascular research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Division of cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of cardiovascular research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, B-1300 Wavre, Belgium.
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13
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Diaz-Juarez J, Suarez JA, Dillmann WH, Suarez J. Mitochondrial calcium handling and heart disease in diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:165984. [PMID: 33002576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus-induced heart disease, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, is an important medical problem and is difficult to treat. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk for heart failure and decreases cardiac myocyte function, which are linked to changes in cardiac mitochondrial energy metabolism. The free mitochondrial calcium concentration ([Ca2+]m) is fundamental in activating the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and ATP production and is also known to regulate the activity of key mitochondrial dehydrogenases. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) plays a major role in mediating mitochondrial Ca2+ import, and its expression and function therefore may have a marked impact on cardiac myocyte metabolism and function. Here, we summarize the pathophysiological role of [Ca2+]m handling and MCUC in the diabetic heart. In addition, we evaluate potential therapeutic targets, directed to the machinery that regulates mitochondrial calcium handling, to alleviate diabetes-related cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Diaz-Juarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Seccion XVI, 14080 Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Suarez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang H Dillmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Suarez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus predisposes affected individuals to a significant spectrum of cardiovascular complications, one of the most debilitating in terms of prognosis is heart failure. Indeed, the increasing global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and an aging population has given rise to an epidemic of diabetes mellitus-induced heart failure. Despite the significant research attention this phenomenon, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, has received over several decades, understanding of the full spectrum of potential contributing mechanisms, and their relative contribution to this heart failure phenotype in the specific context of diabetes mellitus, has not yet been fully resolved. Key recent preclinical discoveries that comprise the current state-of-the-art understanding of the basic mechanisms of the complex phenotype, that is, the diabetic heart, form the basis of this review. Abnormalities in each of cardiac metabolism, physiological and pathophysiological signaling, and the mitochondrial compartment, in addition to oxidative stress, inflammation, myocardial cell death pathways, and neurohumoral mechanisms, are addressed. Further, the interactions between each of these contributing mechanisms and how they align to the functional, morphological, and structural impairments that characterize the diabetic heart are considered in light of the clinical context: from the disease burden, its current management in the clinic, and where the knowledge gaps remain. The need for continued interrogation of these mechanisms (both known and those yet to be identified) is essential to not only decipher the how and why of diabetes mellitus-induced heart failure but also to facilitate improved inroads into the clinical management of this pervasive clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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15
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Xie Y, Huang Y, Ling X, Qin H, Wang M, Luo B. Chemerin/CMKLR1 Axis Promotes Inflammation and Pyroptosis by Activating NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Rat. Front Physiol 2020; 11:381. [PMID: 32390873 PMCID: PMC7191320 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin and its receptor CMKLR1 (a G-protein-coupled receptor) are inducers of inflammation, and play an important role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this study, we investigated the role of the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis in mediating inflammation and cell death in DCM. Sprague–Dawley rats, treated with a high-fat diet and low-dose of streptozotocin, were used as a DCM model. CMKLR1 expression was knocked down by siRNA (CMKLR1-siRNA) to evaluate the role of CMKLR1 in DCM. Chemerin-treated H9c2 cells were used to investigate the factors acting downstream of the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis. LDH release and EthD-III staining were used to measure the ratio of cell death in vitro. CMKLR1-siRNA and siRNA against nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors 3 (NLRP3-siRNA) were used to explore the mechanism underlying chemerin-induced inflammation and cell death. The results showed that the expression of chemerin, CMKLR1, NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, activated caspase-1, and mature IL-1β was increased in the DCM model rat. Myocardium of DCM model rats exhibited fibrosis, hypertrophy, a disorganized ultrastructure, and impaired function. Pyroptosis was observed in vivo and in vitro. Silencing of CMKLR1 in vivo attenuated the expression of NLRP3 and activated caspase-1 and IL-1β. CMKLR1-siRNA treatment attenuated cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and pyroptosis, and improved cardiac function in vivo. Silencing of either CMKLR1 or NLRP3 suppressed the levels of activated caspase-1, IL-1β, and pyroptosis; however, silencing of both CMKLR1 and NLRP3 further decreased the levels of mature IL-1β and pyroptosis. Overall, the results showed that the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis contributed to the development of DCM and that the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated the chemerin/CMLR1-induced inflammation and pyroptosis. These data indicate that silencing of the CMKLR1 gene might exert a protective effect against DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Xie
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ling
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haiou Qin
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Beibei Luo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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16
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Saldarriaga-Giraldo C, Navas V, Morales C. De la diabetes a la insuficiencia cardiaca ¿Existe la miocardiopatía diabética? REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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17
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Aluganti Narasimhulu C, Singla DK. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP-7) in Inflammation in Heart Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020280. [PMID: 31979268 PMCID: PMC7073173 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-7 is (BMP-7) is a potent anti-inflammatory growth factor belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. It plays an important role in various biological processes, including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, neurogenesis and skeletal morphogenesis. BMP-7 stimulates the target cells by binding to specific membrane-bound receptor BMPR 2 and transduces signals through mothers against decapentaplegic (Smads) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. To date, rhBMP-7 has been used clinically to induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells bordering the bone fracture site into chondrocytes, osteoclasts, the formation of new bone via calcium deposition and to stimulate the repair of bone fracture. However, its use in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and diabetic cardiomyopathy is currently being explored. More importantly, these cardiovascular diseases are associated with inflammation and infiltrated monocytes where BMP-7 has been demonstrated to be a key player in the differentiation of pro-inflammatory monocytes, or M1 macrophages, into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, which reduces developed cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of BMP-7 treatment in cardiovascular disease and its role as an anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory growth factor, which emphasizes its potential therapeutic significance in heart diseases.
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18
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Russell JS, Griffith TA, Helman T, Du Toit EF, Peart JN, Headrick JP. Chronic type 2 but not type 1 diabetes impairs myocardial ischaemic tolerance and preconditioning in C57Bl/6 mice. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1868-1880. [PMID: 31535419 DOI: 10.1113/ep088024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS • What is the central question of this study? What is the impact of chronic adult-onset diabetes on cardiac ischaemic outcomes and preconditioning? • What is the main finding and its importance? Chronic adult-onset type 2 but not type 1 diabetes significantly impairs myocardial ischaemic tolerance and ischaemic preconditioning. Preconditioning may be detrimental in type 2 diabetes, exaggerating nitrosative stress and apoptotic protein expression. ABSTRACT Effects of diabetes on myocardial responses to ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) and cardioprotective stimuli remain contentious, potentially reflecting influences of disease duration and time of onset. Chronic adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were modelled non-genetically in male C57Bl/6 mice via 5 × 50 mg kg-1 daily streptozotocin (STZ) injections + 12 weeks' standard chow or 1 × 75 mg kg-1 STZ injection + 12 weeks' obesogenic diet (32% calories as fat, 57% carbohydrate, 11% protein), respectively. Systemic outcomes were assessed and myocardial responses to I-R ± ischaemic preconditioning (IPC; 3 × 5 min I-R) determined in Langendorff perfused hearts. Uncontrolled T1D was characterised by pronounced hyperglycaemia (25 mm fasting glucose), glucose intolerance and ∼10% body weight loss, whereas T2D mice exhibited moderate hyperglycaemia (15 mm), hyperinsulinaemia, glucose intolerance and 17% weight gain. Circulating ghrelin, resistin and noradrenaline were unchanged with T1D, while leptin increased and noradrenaline declined in T2D mice. Ischaemic tolerance and IPC were preserved in T1D hearts. In contrast, T2D worsened post-ischaemic function (∼40% greater diastolic and contractile dysfunction) and cell death (100% higher troponin efflux), and abolished IPC protection. Whereas IPC reduced post-ischaemic nitrotyrosine and pro-apoptotic Bak and Bax levels in non-diabetic hearts, these effects were reduced in T1D and IPC augmented Bax and nitrosylation in T2D hearts. The data demonstrate chronic T1D does not inhibit myocardial I-R tolerance or IPC, whereas metabolic and endocrine disruption in T2D is associated with ischaemic intolerance and inhibition of IPC. Indeed, normally protective IPC may exaggerate damage mechanisms in T2D hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S Russell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, 4217, Australia
| | - Tia A Griffith
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, 4217, Australia
| | - Tessa Helman
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, 4217, Australia
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, 4217, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, 4217, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, 4217, Australia
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19
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Singla R, Garner KH, Samsam M, Cheng Z, Singla DK. Exosomes derived from cardiac parasympathetic ganglionic neurons inhibit apoptosis in hyperglycemic cardiomyoblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 462:1-10. [PMID: 31468244 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is known to involve two forms of cardiac cell death: apoptosis and necrosis. However, it remains unknown whether hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis in the H9c2 cell culture system is inhibited by parasympathetic ganglionic neurons (PGN) derived exosomes (exos). We isolated PGN and sympathetic ganglionic neurons (SGN) from the right stellate ganglion in rats, and derived exos from these sources. H9c2 cells were divided into 4 groups: (1) Control, (2) H9c2 + Glucose (100 mmol/L), (3) H9c2 + Glucose + PGN-exos, and (4) H9c2 + Glucose + SGN-exos. We determined cell proliferation and viability with an MTT assay kit, and assessed apoptotic cell death with TUNEL staining and ELISA. Data were further confirmed by analyzing the presence of pro-apoptotic proteins Caspase-3 and Bax, and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Glucose exposed H9c2 cells significantly reduced cell viability, which was improved by PGN-exos, but not by SGN-exos. Furthermore, increased apoptosis in hyperglycemia in H9c2 cells was confirmed with TUNEL staining and cell death ELISA which demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) reduction with PGN-exos treatment, but not with SGN-exos. Moreover, high expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Caspase-3 and Bax was reduced following treatment with PGN-exos; however, SGN-exos were unable to reduce the expression. Significantly reduced anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 following glucose treatment was improved with PGN-exos. Therefore, our data suggest that hyperglycemia induces apoptosis in H9c2 cells and decreases cell viability, and that PGN-exos are able to inhibit apoptosis, improve cell viability, and restore levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetish Singla
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4110 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Kaley H Garner
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4110 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Mohtashem Samsam
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4110 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Zixi Cheng
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4110 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Dinender K Singla
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4110 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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Eid RA, Eleawa SM, Alkhateeb MA, Aldera H, Zaki MSA, Al-Shraim M, Saeed MA, El-Kott AF, Alaa Eldeen M, Alassiri M, Alshehri MM, Salem Al-Shudiefat AAR, Khalil MA. Chronic consumption of a high-fat diet rich in corn oil activates intrinsic cell death pathway and induces several ultrastructural changes in the atria of healthy and type 1 diabetic rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1111-1123. [PMID: 31398260 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of chronic consumption of a high-fat diet rich in corn oil (CO-HFD) on atrial cells ultrastructure, antioxidant levels and markers of intrinsic cell death of both control and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-induced rats. Adult male rats (10 rats/group) were divided into four groups: control fed standard diet (STD) (3.82 kcal/g, 9.4% fat), CO-HFD (5.4 kcal/g, 40% fat), T1DM fed STD, and T1DM + CO-HFD. CO-HFD and T1DM alone or in combination impaired systolic and diastolic functions of rats and significantly reduced levels of GSH and the activity of SOD, enhanced lipid peroxidation, increased protein levels of P53, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and ANF and decreased levels of Bcl-2 in their atria. Concomitantly, atrial cells exhibited fragmentation of the myofibrils, disorganized mitochondria, decreased number of atrionatriuretic factor (ANF) granules, and loss of gap junctions accompanied by changes in capillary walls. Among all treatments, the severity of all these findings was more severe in T1DM and most profound in the atria of T1DM + CO-HFD. In conclusion, chronic consumption of CO-HFD by T1DM-induced rats elicits significant biochemical and ultrastructural damage to rat atrial cells accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Eleawa
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Aldera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour A Saeed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Physiology Section, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alassiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed M Alshehri
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal Medical City (Southern Region), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad A Khalil
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Yang YY, Gong DJ, Zhang JJ, Liu XH, Wang L. Diabetes aggravates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by repressing mitochondrial function and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F852-F864. [PMID: 31390235 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00181.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes could aggravate ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether diabetes exacerbates renal I/R injury and its possible mechanism. In vitro, HK-2 cells under normal or high glucose conditions were subjected to hypoxia (12 h) followed by reoxygenation (3 h) (H/R). Cell viability, intracellular ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production, and apoptosis were measured. In vivo, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and nondiabetic rats were subjected to I/R. Renal pathology, function, and apoptosis were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis. Compared with the normal glucose + H/R group, mitochondrial function (ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species) and mitophagy were reduced in the high glucose + H/R group, as was expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin. Also, cells in the high glucose + H/R group exhibited more apoptosis compared with the normal glucose + H/R group, as assessed by flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, and Western blot analysis. Compared with normal rats that underwent I/R, diabetic rats that underwent I/R exhibited more severe tubular damage and renal dysfunction as well as expression of the apoptotic protein caspase-3. Meanwhile, diabetes alleviated mitophagy-associated protein expression in rats subjected to I/R, including expression of PINK1 and Parkin. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the mitophagosome could be hardly observed and that mitochondrial morphology and structure were obviously damaged in the diabetes + I/R group. In conclusion, our results, for the first time, indicate that diabetes could aggravate I/R injury by repressing mitochondrial function and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dao-Jing Gong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Jian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiu-Heng Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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22
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Dunlay SM, Givertz MM, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Chan M, Desai AS, Deswal A, Dickson VV, Kosiborod MN, Lekavich CL, McCoy RG, Mentz RJ, Piña IL. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the Heart Failure Society of America: This statement does not represent an update of the 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA heart failure guideline update. Circulation 2019; 140:e294-e324. [PMID: 31167558 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for incident heart failure and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with established disease. Secular trends in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and heart failure forecast a growing burden of disease and underscore the need for effective therapeutic strategies. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the shared pathophysiology between diabetes mellitus and heart failure, the synergistic effect of managing both conditions, and the potential for diabetes mellitus therapies to modulate the risk of heart failure outcomes. This scientific statement on diabetes mellitus and heart failure summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and impact of diabetes mellitus and its control on outcomes in heart failure; reviews the approach to pharmacological therapy and lifestyle modification in patients with diabetes mellitus and heart failure; highlights the value of multidisciplinary interventions to improve clinical outcomes in this population; and outlines priorities for future research.
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23
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Dunlay SM, Givertz MM, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Chan M, Desai AS, Deswal A, Dickson VV, Kosiborod MN, Lekavich CL, McCoy RG, Mentz RJ, PiÑa IL. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure, A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and Heart Failure Society of America. J Card Fail 2019; 25:584-619. [PMID: 31174952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for incident heart failure and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with established disease. Secular trends in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and heart failure forecast a growing burden of disease and underscore the need for effective therapeutic strategies. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the shared pathophysiology between diabetes mellitus and heart failure, the synergistic effect of managing both conditions, and the potential for diabetes mellitus therapies to modulate the risk of heart failure outcomes. This scientific statement on diabetes mellitus and heart failure summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and impact of diabetes mellitus and its control on outcomes in heart failure; reviews the approach to pharmacological therapy and lifestyle modification in patients with diabetes mellitus and heart failure; highlights the value of multidisciplinary interventions to improve clinical outcomes in this population; and outlines priorities for future research.
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24
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Gollmer J, Zirlik A, Bugger H. Established and Emerging Mechanisms of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Lipid Atheroscler 2019; 8:26-47. [PMID: 32821697 PMCID: PMC7379081 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2019.8.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk for the development of heart failure even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). Clinically, DC is increasingly recognized and typically characterized by concentric cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, ultimately resulting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and potentially even heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the alterations in myocardial structure and function in DC, many of which show similar alterations in the failing heart. Well investigated and established mechanisms of DC include increased myocardial fibrosis, enhanced apoptosis, oxidative stress, impaired intracellular calcium handling, substrate metabolic alterations, and inflammation, among others. In addition, a number of novel mechanisms that receive increasing attention have been identified in recent years, including autophagy, dysregulation of microRNAs, epigenetic mechanisms, and alterations in mitochondrial protein acetylation, dynamics and quality control. This review aims to provide an overview and update of established underlying mechanisms of DC, as well as a discussion of recently identified and emerging mechanisms that may also contribute to the structural and functional alterations in DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gollmer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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25
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El-Missiry MA, Amer MA, Hemieda FA, Othman AI, Sakr DA, Abdulhadi HL. Cardioameliorative effect of punicalagin against streptozotocin-induced apoptosis, redox imbalance, metabolic changes and inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maher A. Amer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Faried A.E. Hemieda
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza I. Othman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa A. Sakr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Haitham L. Abdulhadi
- Biology department, Pure Science Education Collage, Al-Anbar University, Al-Anbar, Iraq
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26
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Mohammed NA, El-Malkey NF, Ibrahim AAS, Abdullah DM. Vitamin D3 supplementation ameliorates ovariectomy-induced cardiac apoptotic and structural changes in adult albino rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:647-654. [PMID: 30856341 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of vitamin D on cardiac dysfunction after menopause is still under investigation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of vitamin D3 on cardiac apoptotic and structural changes in ovariectomized rats. Forty adult female albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups: sham rats, sham rats treated with vitamin D3, ovariectomized rats, and ovariectomized rats treated with vitamin D3 (500 IU/kg per day for 6 weeks, orally). Body mass, blood pressure, heart rate, and whole heart mass (WHM) were measured. Serum soluble receptors of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity were estimated. Cardiac sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome stain. Fas and FasL apoptosis-related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry. Vitamin D3 treatment significantly decreased ovariectomy-induced cardiac Fas and FasL apoptosis-related proteins, whole heart mass, body mass, C-reactive protein, and malondialdehyde accompanied by decreased inflammation and reduced collagen deposition between cardiac muscle fibres. However, vitamin D3 significantly increased total antioxidant capacity and sRAGE in ovariectomized and sham treated groups. Our findings suggest that vitamin D3 treatment can prevent ovariectomy-induced cardiac structural and apoptotic changes in rats via increasing sRAGE and antioxidant activity. Our results suggest that vitamin D3 has therapeutic effect against postmenopausal cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nanees F El-Malkey
- a Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa M Abdullah
- c Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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27
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Riehle C, Bauersachs J. Of mice and men: models and mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 114:2. [PMID: 30443826 PMCID: PMC6244639 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of heart failure independent of co-existing hypertension and coronary artery disease. Although several molecular mechanisms for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been identified, they are incompletely understood. The pathomechanisms are multifactorial and as a consequence, no causative treatment exists at this time to modulate or reverse the molecular changes contributing to accelerated cardiac dysfunction in diabetic patients. Numerous animal models have been generated, which serve as powerful tools to study the impact of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on the heart. Despite specific limitations of the models generated, they mimic various perturbations observed in the diabetic myocardium and continue to provide important mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy. This article reviews recent studies in both diabetic patients and in these animal models, and discusses novel hypotheses to delineate the increased incidence of heart failure in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riehle
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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28
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Ma C, Luo H, Liu B, Li F, Tschöpe C, Fa X. Long noncoding RNAs: A new player in the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e3056. [PMID: 30160026 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) can cause extensive necrosis of the heart muscle by metabolic disorders and microangiopathy, with subclinical cardiac dysfunction, and eventually progress to heart failure, arrhythmia, and cardiogenic shock; severe patients may even die suddenly. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of nonprotein-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides. They have critical roles in various biological processes, including gene expression regulation, genomic imprinting, nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking, RNA splicing, and translational control. Recent studies indicated that lncRNAs extensively participate in the development of diverse cardiac diseases, such as cardiac ischaemia, hypertrophy, and heart failure. Little is known about lncRNA in DCM. In this review, we summarize the current literature on lncRNAs in DCM studies, aiming to provide new methods for DCM's future prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xianen Fa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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29
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Pottecher J, Adamopoulos C, Lejay A, Bouitbir J, Charles AL, Meyer A, Singer M, Wolff V, Diemunsch P, Laverny G, Metzger D, Geny B. Diabetes Worsens Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis After Lower-Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion: Implication of the RISK and SAFE Pathways? Front Physiol 2018; 9:579. [PMID: 29872405 PMCID: PMC5972292 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Diabetic patients respond poorly to revascularization for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to determine whether diabetes worsens ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced muscle dysfunction and the involvement of endogenous protective kinases in this process. Materials and Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic and non-diabetic rats were randomized to control or to IR injury (3 h of aortic cross-clamping and 2 h of reperfusion). Mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, protein levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and endogenous protective kinases (RISK and SAFE pathways) were investigated in rat gastrocnemius, together with upstream (GSK-3β) and downstream (cleaved caspase-3) effectors of apoptosis. Results: Although already impaired when compared to non-diabetic controls at baseline, the decline in mitochondrial respiration after IR was more severe in diabetic rats. In diabetic animals, IR-triggered oxidative stress (increased ROS production and reduced SOD2 levels) and effectors of apoptosis (reduced GSK-3β inactivation and higher cleaved caspase-3 levels) were increased to a higher level than in the non-diabetics. IR had no effect on the RISK pathway in non-diabetics and diabetic rats, but increased STAT 3 only in the latter. Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes worsens IR-induced skeletal muscle injury, endogenous protective pathways not being efficiently stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pottecher
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle Anesthésie Réanimations Chirurgicales SAMU/SMUR (POLARS), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chris Adamopoulos
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Cardiology, St. Paul General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anne Lejay
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Meyer
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Wolff
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Unité Neurovasculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Diemunsch
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle Anesthésie Réanimations Chirurgicales SAMU/SMUR (POLARS), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Laverny
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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30
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Ghosh N, Katare R. Molecular mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy and modulation of microRNA function by synthetic oligonucleotides. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:43. [PMID: 29566757 PMCID: PMC5863891 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a chronic complication in individuals with diabetes and is characterized by ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, decreased or preserved systolic function and reduced ejection fraction eventually resulting in heart failure. Despite being well characterized, the fundamental mechanisms leading to DCM are still elusive. Recent studies identified the involvement of small non-coding small RNA molecules such as microRNAs (miRs) playing a key role in the etiology of DCM. Therefore, miRs associated with DCM represents a new class of targets for the development of mechanistic therapeutics, which may yield marked benefits compared to other therapeutic approaches. Indeed, few miRs currently under active clinical investigation, with many expressing cautious optimism that miRs based therapies will succeed in the coming years. The major caution in using miRs based therapy is the need to improve the stability and specificity following systemic injection, which can be achieved through chemical and structural modification. In this review, we first discuss the established role of miRs in DCM and the advances in miRs based therapeutic strategies for the prevention/treatment of DCM. We next discuss the currently employed chemical modification of miR oligonucleotides and their utility in therapies specifically focusing on the DCM. Finally, we summarize the commonly used delivery system and approaches for assessment of miRNA modulation and potential off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Ghosh
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010 New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010 New Zealand
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31
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Chandramouli C, Reichelt ME, Curl CL, Varma U, Bienvenu LA, Koutsifeli P, Raaijmakers AJA, De Blasio MJ, Qin CX, Jenkins AJ, Ritchie RH, Mellor KM, Delbridge LMD. Diastolic dysfunction is more apparent in STZ-induced diabetic female mice, despite less pronounced hyperglycemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2346. [PMID: 29402990 PMCID: PMC5799292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct pathology characterized by early emergence of diastolic dysfunction. Increased cardiovascular risk associated with diabetes is more marked for women, but an understanding of the role of diastolic dysfunction in female susceptibility to diabetic cardiomyopathy is lacking. To investigate the sex-specific relationship between systemic diabetic status and in vivo occurrence of diastolic dysfunction, diabetes was induced in male and female mice by streptozotocin (5x daily i.p. 55 mg/kg). Echocardiography was performed at 7 weeks post-diabetes induction, cardiac collagen content assessed by picrosirius red staining, and gene expression measured using qPCR. The extent of diabetes-associated hyperglycemia was more marked in males than females (males: 25.8 ± 1.2 vs 9.1 ± 0.4 mM; females: 13.5 ± 1.5 vs 8.4 ± 0.4 mM, p < 0.05) yet in vivo diastolic dysfunction was evident in female (E/E' 54% increase, p < 0.05) but not male diabetic mice. Cardiac structural abnormalities (left ventricular wall thinning, collagen deposition) were similar in male and female diabetic mice. Female-specific gene expression changes in glucose metabolic and autophagy-related genes were evident. This study demonstrates that STZ-induced diabetic female mice exhibit a heightened susceptibility to diastolic dysfunction, despite exhibiting a lower extent of hyperglycemia than male mice. These findings highlight the importance of early echocardiographic screening of asymptomatic prediabetic at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Chandramouli
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire L Curl
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Upasna Varma
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura A Bienvenu
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Parisa Koutsifeli
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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32
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Russell J, Du Toit EF, Peart JN, Patel HH, Headrick JP. Myocyte membrane and microdomain modifications in diabetes: determinants of ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:155. [PMID: 29202762 PMCID: PMC5716308 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, predominantly ischemic heart disease (IHD), is the leading cause of death in diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition to eliciting cardiomyopathy, DM induces a ‘wicked triumvirate’: (i) increasing the risk and incidence of IHD and myocardial ischemia; (ii) decreasing myocardial tolerance to ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury; and (iii) inhibiting or eliminating responses to cardioprotective stimuli. Changes in ischemic tolerance and cardioprotective signaling may contribute to substantially higher mortality and morbidity following ischemic insult in DM patients. Among the diverse mechanisms implicated in diabetic impairment of ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection, changes in sarcolemmal makeup may play an overarching role and are considered in detail in the current review. Observations predominantly in animal models reveal DM-dependent changes in membrane lipid composition (cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation, fatty acid saturation vs. reduced desaturation, phospholipid remodeling) that contribute to modulation of caveolar domains, gap junctions and T-tubules. These modifications influence sarcolemmal biophysical properties, receptor and phospholipid signaling, ion channel and transporter functions, contributing to contractile and electrophysiological dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, ischemic intolerance and suppression of protective signaling. A better understanding of these sarcolemmal abnormalities in types I and II DM (T1DM, T2DM) can inform approaches to limiting cardiomyopathy, associated IHD and their consequences. Key knowledge gaps include details of sarcolemmal changes in models of T2DM, temporal patterns of lipid, microdomain and T-tubule changes during disease development, and the precise impacts of these diverse sarcolemmal modifications. Importantly, exercise, dietary, pharmacological and gene approaches have potential for improving sarcolemmal makeup, and thus myocyte function and stress-resistance in this ubiquitous metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Russell
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - John P Headrick
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia. .,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4217, Australia.
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Hosseinsabet A, Mohseni-Badalabadi R, Jalali A. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography evaluation of left atrial function according to glycemic state in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2017; 6:101-108. [PMID: 31646126 PMCID: PMC6768513 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes and diabetes are dysglycemic conditions associated with increased cardiovascular risks and subtle myocardial injuries. The aim of our study was to evaluate left atrial (LA) function by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in prediabetic and diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and compare the results with those in euglycemic patients with CAD. METHODS The study population comprised 205 consecutive patients with CAD: 104 diabetic, 51 prediabetic, and 50 euglycemic patients. LA function was evaluated with two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and the longitudinal deformation indices of the LA were measured. RESULTS Our results showed that early diastolic strain was lower in the diabetic patients than in the prediabetic and euglycemic patients. The absolute value of early diastolic strain rate was reduced in the diabetic patients compared with the euglycemic patients. Late diastolic strain was increased in the diabetic patients compared with the prediabetic and euglycemic patients. The multivariate analysis showed that diabetes was a determinant of early diastolic strain and strain rate, but not late diastolic strain. CONCLUSION LA conduit function, as evaluated in terms of early diastolic strain and strain rate, was impaired in the diabetic CAD patients compared with the prediabetic and euglycemic CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arash Jalali
- Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Are targeted therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy on the horizon? Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:897-915. [PMID: 28473471 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk of heart failure approximately 2.5-fold, independent of coronary artery disease and other comorbidities. This process, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, is characterized by initial impairment of left ventricular (LV) relaxation followed by LV contractile dysfunction. Post-mortem examination reveals that human diastolic dysfunction is closely associated with LV damage, including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis and fibrosis, with impaired coronary microvascular perfusion. The pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning the characteristic features of diabetic cardiomyopathy remain poorly understood, although multiple factors including altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, as well as epigenetic changes, are implicated. Despite a recent rise in research interrogating these mechanisms and an increased understanding of the clinical importance of diabetic cardiomyopathy, there remains a lack of specific treatment strategies. How the chronic metabolic disturbances observed in diabetes lead to structural and functional changes remains a pertinent question, and it is hoped that recent advances, particularly in the area of epigenetics, among others, may provide some answers. This review hence explores the temporal onset of the pathological features of diabetic cardiomyopathy, and their relative contribution to the resultant disease phenotype, as well as both current and potential therapeutic options. The emergence of glucose-optimizing agents, namely glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and sodium/glucose co-transporter (SGLT)2 inhibitors that confer benefits on cardiovascular outcomes, together with novel experimental approaches, highlight a new and exciting era in diabetes research, which is likely to result in major clinical impact.
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Zeng X, Yu X, Xiao S, Yao H, Zhu J. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on pathological changes in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:109. [PMID: 28595623 PMCID: PMC5465473 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D) in the apoptosis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is unclear. This study is to investigate the effects of vitamin D on the pathological changes in rats with DCM. Methods Rats were randomly divided into the control, model, and treatment groups. DCM model was established by the high-fat and -sugar diet. Plasma glucose, body weight, heart weight, heart weight index, and serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were determined. Heart tissue morphology was detected with histochemical staining. Expression levels of Fas and FasL were detected with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the control group, the body weights and heart weights were significantly declined, while the plasma glucose levels and heart weight indexes were significantly elevated, in the model group (P < 0.05). However, vitamin D significantly reversed the pathological changes in DCM rats (P < 0.05). Moreover, the serum levels of LDH and CK were significantly increased in the models, which were significantly decreased by vitamin D (P < 0.05). HE staining showed that, vitamin D significantly alleviated the histological changes of myocardial cells in DCM rats. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Fas and FasL were significantly elevated in the models (P < 0.05), which were significantly declined by vitamin D (P < 0.05). Conclusion Vitamin D could alleviate pathological changes, reduce Fas/FasL expression, and attenuate myocardial cell apoptosis in DCM rats, which might be used as a potential effective therapy for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.,Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Xintian Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.,Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. .,Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
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Hu X, Bai T, Xu Z, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Cai L. Pathophysiological Fundamentals of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:693-711. [PMID: 28333387 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) was first recognized more than four decades ago and occurred independent of cardiovascular diseases or hypertension in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The exact mechanisms underlying this disease remain incompletely understood. Several pathophysiological bases responsible for DCM have been proposed, including the presence of hyperglycemia, nonenzymatic glycosylation of large molecules (e.g., proteins), energy metabolic disturbance, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, impaired calcium handling, reactive oxygen species formation, inflammation, cardiac cell death, and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, leading to impairment of cardiac contractile functions. Increasing evidence also indicates the phenomenon called "metabolic memory" for diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications, for which epigenetic modulation seemed to play an important role, suggesting that the aforementioned pathogenic bases may be regulated by epigenetic modification. Therefore, this review aims at briefly summarizing the current understanding of the pathophysiological bases for DCM. Although how epigenetic mechanisms play a role remains incompletely understood now, extensive clinical and experimental studies have implicated its importance in regulating the cardiac responses to diabetes, which are believed to shed insight into understanding of the pathophysiological and epigenetic mechanisms for the development of DCM and its possible prevention and/or therapy. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:693-711, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tao Bai
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zheng Xu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Department of Hematological Disorders the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Federico M, Portiansky EL, Sommese L, Alvarado FJ, Blanco PG, Zanuzzi CN, Dedman J, Kaetzel M, Wehrens XHT, Mattiazzi A, Palomeque J. Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase mediates the intracellular signalling pathways of cardiac apoptosis in mice with impaired glucose tolerance. J Physiol 2017; 595:4089-4108. [PMID: 28105734 DOI: 10.1113/jp273714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release events increased in fructose-rich diet mouse (FRD) myocytes vs. control diet (CD) mice, in the absence of significant changes in SR Ca2+ load. In HEK293 cells, hyperglycaemia significantly enhanced [3 H]ryanodine binding and Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation of RyR2-S2814 residue vs. normoglycaemia. These increases were prevented by CaMKII inhibition. FRD significantly augmented cardiac apoptosis in WT vs. CD-WT mice, which was prevented by co-treatment with the reactive oxygen species scavenger Tempol. Oxidative stress was also increased in FRD-SR-autocamide inhibitory peptide (AIP) mice, expressing the SR-targeted CaMKII inhibitor AIP, without any significant enhancement of apoptosis vs. CD-SR-AIP mice. FRD produced mitochondrial swelling and membrane depolarization in FRD-WT mice but not in FRD-S2814A mice, in which the CaMKII site on ryanodine receptor 2 was ablated. FRD decreased mitochondrial area, mean Feret diameter and the mean distance between SR and the outer mitochondrial membrane vs. CD hearts. This remodelling was prevented in AC3I mice, with cardiac-targeted CaMKII inhibition. ABSTRACT The impact of cardiac apoptosis in pre-diabetic stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy is unknown. We show that myocytes from fructose-rich diet (FRD) animals exhibit arrhythmias produced by exacerbated Ca2+ /calmodulin-protein kinase (CaMKII) activity, ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) phosphorylation and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak. We tested the hypothesis that this mechanism also underlies cardiac apoptosis in pre-diabetes. We generated a pre-diabetic model in FRD mice. FRD mice showed an increase in oxidative stress, hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction. FRD myocytes exhibited enhanced SR Ca2+ spontaneous events in the absence of SR Ca2+ load alterations vs. control-diet (CD) myocytes. In HEK293 cells, hyperglycaemia significantly enhanced [3 H]ryanodine binding and CaMKII phosphorylation of RyR2-S2814 residue vs. normoglycaemia. CaMKII inhibition prevented hyperglycaemia-induced alterations. FRD also evoked cardiac apoptosis in WT mice vs. CD-WT mice. Co-treatment with the reactive oxygen species scavenger Tempol prevented FRD-induced apoptosis in WT mice. In contrast, FRD enhanced oxidative stress but not apoptosis in FRD-SR-AIP mice, in which a CaMKII inhibitor is targeted to the SR. FRD produced mitochondrial membrane depolarization in WT mice but not in S2814A mice, in which the CaMKII phosphorylation site on RyR2 was ablated. Furthermore, FRD decreased mitochondrial area, mean Feret diameter and mean SR-mitochondrial distance vs. CD-WT hearts. This remodelling was prevented in AC3I mice, with cardiac-targeted CaMKII inhibition. CaMKII phosphorylation of RyR2, SR Ca2+ leak and mitochondrial membrane depolarization are critically involved in the apoptotic pathway of the pre-diabetic heart. The FRD-induced decrease in SR-mitochondrial distance is likely to additionally favour Ca2+ transit between the two organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilen Federico
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Enrique L Portiansky
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Imágenes, Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Leandro Sommese
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Alvarado
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paula G Blanco
- Servicio de Ecocardiografía, Facultad de Veterinaria, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina N Zanuzzi
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Imágenes, Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - John Dedman
- Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marcia Kaetzel
- Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine (in Cardiology), Pediatrics; and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alicia Mattiazzi
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julieta Palomeque
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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Hosseinsabet A, Mohseni-Badalabadi R, Moinfar A. Impaired Left Atrial Conduit Function in Coronary Artery Disease Patients With Poorly Controlled Diabetes: Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiographic Study. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2017; 36:13-23. [PMID: 27925659 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.15.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The myocardium can be affected by diabetes mellitus. The effects of blood glucose control on some organs such as the kidney and eye have been previously reported. The aim of our study was to evaluate left atrial function via 2-dimensional (2D) speckle-tracking echocardiography in a group of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with well-controlled diabetes (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] < 7%) and to compare it with that in a group of CAD patients with poorly controlled diabetes. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 110 CAD patients, comprising 44 euglycemic control patients, 33 patients with well-controlled diabetes (HbA1c < 7%), and 33 patients with poorly controlled diabetes. The study population thereafter underwent 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography for an evaluation of their left atrial function. RESULTS Our findings showed that the absolute values of early diastolic strain and early diastolic strain rate were lower in the CAD patients with poorly controlled diabetes than in the euglycemic control patients with CAD. Moreover, early diastolic strain in the CAD patients with poorly controlled diabetes was lower than that in the CAD patients with well-controlled diabetes. Multivariable analysis revealed that poorly controlled diabetes was an independent determinant of early diastolic strain and strain rate. CONCLUSIONS The conduit function of the left atrium was impaired in the CAD patients with poorly controlled diabetes compared with that in the euglycemic control patients with CAD and the CAD patients with well-controlled diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hosseinsabet
- Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Reza Mohseni-Badalabadi
- Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Ali Moinfar
- Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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Yu HT, Zhen J, Pang B, Gu JN, Wu SS. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates oxidative stress and myocardial apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 16:344-54. [PMID: 25990051 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the cardioprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in a diabetic rat model induced with high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Ginsenoside Rg1 was injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. Myocardial injury indices and oxidative stress markers were determined. Changes in cardiac ultrastructure were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy. Myocardial apoptosis was assessed via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-mediated DNA nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry. Ginsenoside Rg1 was associated with a significant dose-dependent reduction in serum levels of creatinine kinase MB and cardiac troponin I, and lessened ultrastructural disorders in diabetic myocardium, relative to the untreated diabetic model rats. Also, compared with the untreated diabetic rats, significant reductions in serum and myocardial levels of malondialdehyde were noted in the ginsenoside Rg1-treated groups, and increased levels of the antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were detected. TUNEL staining indicated reduced myocardial apoptosis in ginsenoside Rg1-treated rats, which may be associated with reduced levels of caspase-3 (CASP3) and increased levels of B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL) in the diabetic myocardium. Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment of diabetic rats was associated with reduced oxidative stress and attenuated myocardial apoptosis, suggesting that ginsenoside Rg1 may be of potential preventative and therapeutic value for cardiovascular injury in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-tao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, PLA No. 208 Hospital, Changchun 130062, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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Cong W, Ruan D, Xuan Y, Niu C, Tao Y, Wang Y, Zhan K, Cai L, Jin L, Tan Y. Cardiac-specific overexpression of catalase prevents diabetes-induced pathological changes by inhibiting NF-κB signaling activation in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:314-25. [PMID: 26456065 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that specifically catabolizes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Overexpression of catalase via a heart-specific promoter (CAT-TG) was reported to reduce diabetes-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further prevent diabetes-induced pathological abnormalities, including cardiac structural derangement and left ventricular abnormity in mice. However, the mechanism by which catalase overexpression protects heart function remains unclear. This study found that activation of a ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway was downregulated in hearts of diabetic mice overexpressing catalase. In addition, catalase overexpression inhibited the significant increase in nitration levels of key enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including α-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component (α-KGD) and ATP synthase α and β subunits (ATP-α and ATP-β). To assess the effects of the NF-κB pathway activation on heart function, Bay11-7082, an inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway, was injected into diabetic mice, protecting mice against the development of cardiac damage and increased nitrative modifications of key enzymes involved in energy metabolism. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that catalase protects mouse hearts against diabetic cardiomyopathy, partially by suppressing NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses and associated protein nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Dandan Ruan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; The Health Examination Center, the 117th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou 310013, PR China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Chao Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Youli Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Kungao Zhan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Lu Cai
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
| | - Yi Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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Zhou Y, Shen J, Xia L, Wang Y. Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rosc. essential oil and paclitaxel synergistically enhance the apoptosis of SKOV3 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1253-7. [PMID: 25777341 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rosc. essential oil (CZEO) is the major component of Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rosc., a traditional medicine with antitumor activity. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent used to treat patients with ovarian cancer. These compounds directly target nuclear DNA, in order to suppress or inhibit tumor cell growth. The present study aimed to determine the synergistic antitumor effects of CZEO and PTX on the SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell line. SKOV3 cells were treated with CZEO, PTX or a combination of the two and cell viability was detected using cell counting kit-8. In addition, flow cytometry was used to determined cell apoptosis as well as for cell cycle analysis. The morpho-logical changes of apoptosis were assessed using Hoechst 33342 staining and the expression levels of apoptotic pathway proteins, including caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), were quantified using western blot analysis. The cell viability assay indicated that either of these compounds alone or in combination suppressed the growth of SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis indicated that treatment with a combination of CZEO and PTX resulted in increased inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis of SKOV3 cells, as compared with treatment with either of the compounds alone. In addition, the protein expression levels of caspase-3 were increased following treatment with a combination of CZEO and PTX. The results of the present study suggested that CZEO and PTX synergistically enhanced the inhibition of SKOV3 proliferation, and the possible underlying mechanism may be the induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. This therefore indicated that PTX supplemented with CZEO may be an effective treatment strategy to decrease the dose and toxicity of PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Wider J, Przyklenk K. Ischemic conditioning: the challenge of protecting the diabetic heart. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2014; 4:383-96. [PMID: 25414825 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2014.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The successful clinical translation of novel therapeutic strategies to attenuate lethal myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and limit infarct size has been identified as a major unmet need, and is of particular importance in patients with type-2 diabetes. There is a wealth of preclinical evidence that ischemic conditioning (encompassing the three paradigms of preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning) is profoundly cardioprotective and, via up-regulation of endogenous signaling cascades, renders the heart resistant to infarction. However, current phase II trials aimed at exploiting ischemic conditioning for the clinical treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury have yielded mixed results, possibly reflecting the emerging concern that the efficacy of conditioning-induced cardioprotection may be compromised in the diabetic heart. Our goal in this review is to provide a summary of our present understanding of the effect of type-2 diabetes on the infarct-sparing effect of ischemic conditioning, and the challenges of limiting ischemia-reperfusion injury in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wider
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Institute, 2 Department of Physiology, 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Institute, 2 Department of Physiology, 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Bugger H, Bode C. The vulnerable myocardium. Diabetic cardiomyopathy. Hamostaseologie 2014; 35:17-24. [PMID: 25408270 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-09-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in subjects suffering from diabetes mellitus. While coronary artery disease is the leading cause of cardiac complications in diabetics, it is widely recognized that diabetes increases the risk for the development of heart failure independently of coronary heart disease and hypertension. This increased susceptibility of the diabetic heart to develop structural and functional impairment is termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. The number of different mechanisms proposed to contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy is steadily increasing and underlines the complexity of this cardiac entity. In this review the mechanisms that account for the increased myocardial vulnerability in diabetic cardiomyopathy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bugger
- Heiko Bugger, MD, Heart Center Freiburg University, Cardiology and Angiology I, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, E-mail:
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Schilling JD, Mann DL. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Distinct and Preventable Entity or Inevitable Consequence? CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-014-0417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Urbina P, Singla DK. BMP-7 attenuates adverse cardiac remodeling mediated through M2 macrophages in prediabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H762-72. [PMID: 24993041 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00367.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine whether or not monocyte infiltration occurs in the prediabetic (PD) heart and its role in PD cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that the PD heart is significantly populated with monocytes and that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7, a novel mediator of monocyte polarization, activates infiltrated monocytes into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and fibrosis and improving cardiac function. C57Bl6 mice were assigned to control, PD, or PD + BMP-7 groups. PD and PD + BMP-7 groups were administered streptozotocin (50 mg/kg), whereas control animals received sodium citrate buffer. Afterward, the PD + BMP-7 group was administered BMP-7 (200 μg/kg) for 3 days. Our data showed significantly increased infiltrated monocytes and associated pro-inflammatory cytokines, adverse cardiac remodeling, and heart dysfunction in the PD group (P < 0.05). Interestingly, M2 macrophage differentiation and associated anti-inflammatory cytokines were enhanced and there were reduced adverse cardiac remodeling and improved cardiac function in the PD + BMP-7 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest that PD cardiomyopathy is associated with increased monocyte infiltration and released proinflammatory cytokines, which contributes to adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, we report that BMP-7 possesses novel therapeutic potential in its ability to differentiate monocytes into M2 macrophages and confer cardiac protection in the PD heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princess Urbina
- Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Dinender K Singla
- Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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Jung KH, Lee JH, Park JW, Paik JY, Quach CHT, Lee EJ, Lee KH. Annexin V Imaging Detects Diabetes-Accelerated Apoptosis and Monitors the Efficacy of Benfotiamine Treatment in Ischemic Limbs of Mice. Mol Imaging 2014. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ho Jung
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Won Park
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Paik
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cung Hoa Thien Quach
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Han Lee
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
In recent years, diabetes mellitus has become an epidemic and now represents one of the most prevalent disorders. Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. While ischaemic events dominate the cardiac complications of diabetes, it is widely recognised that the risk for developing heart failure is also increased in the absence of overt myocardial ischaemia and hypertension or is accelerated in the presence of these comorbidities. These diabetes-associated changes in myocardial structure and function have been called diabetic cardiomyopathy. Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy following analysis of various animal models of type 1 or type 2 diabetes and in genetically modified mouse models. The steady increase in reports presenting novel mechanistic data on this subject expands the list of potential underlying mechanisms. The current review provides an update on molecular alterations that may contribute to the structural and functional alterations in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bugger
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Cardiology and Angiology I, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 108 CMAB, 451 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang R, Jiao X. Variations of thioredoxin system contributes to increased susceptibility to apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of type 2 diabetic rats. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:318-29. [PMID: 24578161 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac complications are the leading cause of death in diabetes. However, the mechanism of diabetes in inducing myocardial injury and apoptosis, and whether the thioredoxin (Trx) system is involved remain unclear. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: the control and the diabetes groups, and then were randomly divided into five different timepoints (the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 12th, and 24th week). The results showed that diabetes-induced cardiac injury was enhanced in the type 2 diabetes rats, as evidenced by aggravated cardiac dysfunction, biochemical indicators, and increased myocardial apoptosis (TUNEL and caspase-3 activity). The activity of myocardial Trx and Trx reductase (TR) in diabetic rats was significantly decreased from the second week and continually aggravated with the disease progression. In diabetic rats, the mRNA expression of Trx1, Trx2, TR1, and TR2 was decreased first and then increased after the fourth week. Meanwhile, the protein expression of these Trx system members was significantly increased at the 12th week. Trx nitration was cleared, the Trx/ASK1 interaction was significantly decreased, and the activity of p38 was significantly enhanced in cardiac tissues at the 12th week. These results demonstrated that diabetes may cause myocardial injury and apoptosis, and the extent of which was accompanied with the development of the disease. The mechanism is associated with the development of diabetes and the decreased activity of Trx and TR. The reasons for decreased Trx activity may include: decrease of Trx and TR protein expression; nitration modification of Trx; and up-regulation of TXNIP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Curtin N, Szabo C. Therapeutic applications of PARP inhibitors: anticancer therapy and beyond. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:1217-56. [PMID: 23370117 PMCID: PMC3657315 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to describe the current and potential clinical translation of pharmacological inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) for the therapy of various diseases. The first section of the present review summarizes the available preclinical and clinical data with PARP inhibitors in various forms of cancer. In this context, the role of PARP in single-strand DNA break repair is relevant, leading to replication-associated lesions that cannot be repaired if homologous recombination repair (HRR) is defective, and the synthetic lethality of PARP inhibitors in HRR-defective cancer. HRR defects are classically associated with BRCA1 and 2 mutations associated with familial breast and ovarian cancer, but there may be many other causes of HRR defects. Thus, PARP inhibitors may be the drugs of choice for BRCA mutant breast and ovarian cancers, and extend beyond these tumors if appropriate biomarkers can be developed to identify HRR defects. Multiple lines of preclinical data demonstrate that PARP inhibition increases cytotoxicity and tumor growth delay in combination with temozolomide, topoisomerase inhibitors and ionizing radiation. Both single agent and combination clinical trials are underway. The final part of the first section of the present review summarizes the current status of the various PARP inhibitors that are in various stages of clinical development. The second section of the present review summarizes the role of PARP in selected non-oncologic indications. In a number of severe, acute diseases (such as stroke, neurotrauma, circulatory shock and acute myocardial infarction) the clinical translatability of PARP inhibition is supported by multiple lines of preclinical data, as well as observational data demonstrating PARP activation in human tissue samples. In these disease indications, PARP overactivation due to oxidative and nitrative stress drives cell necrosis and pro-inflammatory gene expression, which contributes to disease pathology. Accordingly, multiple lines of preclinical data indicate the efficacy of PARP inhibitors to preserve viable tissue and to down-regulate inflammatory responses. As the clinical trials with PARP inhibitors in various forms of cancer progress, it is hoped that a second line of clinical investigations, aimed at testing of PARP inhibitors for various non-oncologic indications, will be initiated, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Curtin
- Department of Experimental Cancer Therapy, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Feng J, Liu Y, Dobrilovic N, Chu LM, Bianchi C, Singh AK, Sellke FW. Altered apoptosis-related signaling after cardioplegic arrest in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2013; 128:S144-51. [PMID: 24030399 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effects of cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion (CP/Rep) on myocardial apoptosis and key apoptotic mediators, such as apoptosis-inducing factor, caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, and protein kinase C (PKC), in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic, controlled type 2 diabetic, and nondiabetic patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Right atrial tissue was harvested pre- and post-CP/Rep from uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients (hemoglobin A1c=9.6 ± 0.25), controlled type 2 diabetic patients (hemoglobin A1c=6.5 ± 0.15), and nondiabetic patients (hemoglobin A1c=5.4 ± 0.12) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (n=8/group). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining was used for the identification of apoptotic cells. Total and modified apoptosis-inducing factor, Bcl-2 family proteins, phospho-PKC-α, phospho-PKC-β1, and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase were quantified by immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry. At baseline, the number of apoptotic cells and expression of total apoptosis-inducing factor, Bcl-2, Bak, and Bax in the pre-CP/Rep atrial tissue from uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients were significantly increased compared with those of nondiabetic or controlled type 2 diabetic patients (P<0.05). After CP/Rep, the amount of apoptotic cells, apoptosis-inducing factor, phospho-Bad, phospho-PKC-α, phospho-PKC-β1, and cleaved poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase in post-CP/Rep atrial tissue were increased in all 3 groups compared with pre-CP/Rep. These increases after CP/Rep were more pronounced in the uncontrolled type 2 diabetic group. In addition, there were significant increases in the expression of cleaved caspase 8 and caspase 9 in the basal and post-CP/Rep atrium of uncontrolled type 2 diabetic group compared with nondiabetic or controlled type 2 diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is associated with increases in myocardial apoptosis and expression of key apoptosis mediators at baseline and in the setting of CP/Rep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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