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Januário WM, Lessa NF, Schittine AJDO, Prata ERBDA, Marins JCB, Natali AJ, Wanner SP, Prímola-Gomes TN. Validity and reproducibility of the CALERA Research Sensor to estimate core temperature at different intensities of a cycling exercise in the heat. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103907. [PMID: 38950497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent heatwaves have highlighted the importance of accurate and continuous core temperature (TCORE) monitoring in sports settings. For example, accentuated rises in TCORE caused by physical exercises under environmental heat stress increase the risk of heat illnesses. Thus, using valid and reproducible devices is essential to ensure safe sports practice. In this study, we assessed the validity and reproducibility of the Calera Research Sensor (CRS) in estimating the TCORE of male and female participants during cycling exercise in a hot environment. Seven male (age: 36.2 ± 10.1 years) and eight female cyclists (age: 30.1 ± 5.0 years) underwent two identical cycling trials in a dry-bulb temperature of 32 °C and relative humidity of 60%. The protocol consisted of an initial 10-min rest followed by a 60-min exercise comprising 10 min at 20%, 25 min at 55%, and 25 min at 75% of maximal aerobic power, and an additional 25 min of post-exercise recovery. TCORE was recorded simultaneously every minute using a gastrointestinal capsule (TGi) and the CRS (TSENSOR). Bland-Altman analysis was performed to calculate bias, upper (LCS) and lower (LCI) concordance limits, and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The maximum acceptable difference between the two devices was predetermined at ±0.4 °C. A mixed linear model was used to assess the paired differences between the two measurement systems, considering the participants, trials, and environmental conditions as random effects and the cycling stages as fixed effects. An intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.98 was recorded when analyzing data from the entire experiment. A non-significant bias value of 0.01 °C, LCS of 0.38 °C, LCI of -0.35 °C, and CI95% of ±0.36 °C were found. When analyzing data according to the participants' sex, CRS reproducibility was high in both sexes: ICC values of 0.98 and 0.99 were reported for males and females, respectively. CI95% was 0.35 °C in experiments with males and 0.37 °C with females, thereby falling within the acceptable margin of difference. Therefore, CRS was considered valid (compared to TGi) and reproducible in estimating TCORE in both sexes at various intensities of cycling exercise in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Martins Januário
- Laboratório de Performance Humana, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália Franciele Lessa
- Laboratório de Performance Humana, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Júlia de Oliveira Schittine
- Laboratório de Performance Humana, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - João Carlos Bouzas Marins
- Laboratório de Performance Humana, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio José Natali
- Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thales Nicolau Prímola-Gomes
- Laboratório de Performance Humana, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Tveiten L, Diep LM, Halvorsen T, Markestad T. Normal range and risk factors for deviating body temperatures during the first 24 hours in term-born infants under standardised care: an observational study. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e002596. [PMID: 38823799 PMCID: PMC11149163 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Body temperature for a known ambient temperature is not known for infants born at term. We aimed to determine the normal range and the incidences of hypothermia and hyperthermia during the first 24 hours of life in healthy term-born infants nursed according to WHO recommendations. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Norwegian single centre district hospital. Infants were observed during skin-to-skin care or when dressed in cots. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of 951 healthy infants born at term. METHODS Delivery room temperature was aimed at 26-30°C and rooming-in temperature at 24°C. We measured rectal and room temperatures at 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 hours of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percentile curves for rectal temperature. Proportions and risk factors for hypothermia and hyperthermia. RESULTS The mean (SD) room temperature was 24.0°C (1.1), 23.8°C (1.0), 23.8°C (1.0)., 23.7°C (0.9) and 23.8°C (0.9). The median (2.5, 97.5 percentile) rectal temperature was 36.9°C (35.7-37.9), 36.8°C (35.9-37.5), 36.9°C (36.1-37.5), 37.0°C (36.4-37.7) and 37.1°C (36.5-37.7). Hypothermia (<36.5°C) occurred in 28% of the infants, 82% of incidents during the first 8 hours. Risk factors for hypothermia were low birth weight (OR 3.1 (95% CI, 2.0 to 4.6), per kg), male sex, being born at night and nursed in a cot versus skin to skin. Hyperthermia (>37.5°C) occurred in 12% and most commonly in large infants after 8 hours of life. Risk factors for hyperthermia were high birth weight (OR 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.5), per kg), being awake, nursed skin to skin and being born through heavily stained amniotic fluid. CONCLUSIONS Term-born infants were at risk of hypothermia during the first hours after birth even when nursed in an assumed adequate thermal environment and at risk of hyperthermia after 8 hours of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Tveiten
- Department of Pediatrics - Elverum, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Elverum, Norway
| | - Lien My Diep
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Halvorsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trond Markestad
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
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O'Connor FK, Meade RD, Notley SR, Ioannou LG, Flouris AD, Kenny GP. Agreement between measured and self-reported physiological strain in males and females during simulated occupational heat stress. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:466-473. [PMID: 38493300 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Monitoring physiological strain is recommended to safeguard workers during heat exposure, but is logistically challenging. The perceptual strain index (PeSI) is a subjective estimate thought to reflect the physiological strain index (PSI) that requires no physiological monitoring. However, sex is known to influence perceptions of heat stress, potentially limiting the utility of the PeSI. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess whether sex modifies the relationship between PeSI and PSI. METHODS Thirty-four adults (15 females) walked on a treadmill (moderate intensity; ~200 W/m2) for 180 min or until termination (volitional fatigue, rectal temperature ≥39.5°C) in 16°C, 24°C, 28°C, and 32°C wet-bulb globe temperatures. Rectal temperature and heart rate were recorded to calculate PSI (0-10 scale). Rating of perceived exertion and thermal sensation were recorded to calculate PeSI (0-10 scale). Relationships between PSI and PeSI were evaluated via linear mixed models. Mean bias (95% limits of agreement [LoA]) between PSI and PeSI was assessed via Bland-Altman analysis. Mean absolute error between measures was calculated by summing absolute errors between the PeSI and the PSI and dividing by the sample size. FINDINGS PSI increased with PeSI (p < 0.01) but the slope of this relation was not different between males and females (p = 0.83). Mean bias between PSI and PeSI was small (-0.4 points), but the 95% LoA (-3.5 to 2.7 points) and mean absolute error were wide (1.3 points). IMPACT Our findings indicate that sex does not appreciably impact the agreement between the PeSI and PSI during simulated occupational heat stress. The PeSI is not a suitable surrogate for the PSI in either male or female workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus K O'Connor
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert D Meade
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean R Notley
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonidas G Ioannou
- Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Meade RD, Notley SR, Kirby NV, Kenny GP. A critical review of the effectiveness of electric fans as a personal cooling intervention in hot weather and heatwaves. Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8:e256-e269. [PMID: 38580427 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(24)00030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Health agencies worldwide have historically cautioned that electric fans accelerate body-heat gain during hot weather and heatwaves (typically in air temperatures ≥35°C). However, guidance published since 2021 has suggested that fans can still cool the body in air temperatures up to 40°C by facilitating sweat evaporation, and therefore are an inexpensive yet sustainable alternative to air conditioning. In a critical analysis of the reports cited to support this claim, we found that although fan use improves sweat evaporation, these benefits are of insufficient magnitude to exert meaningful reductions in body core temperature in air temperatures exceeding 35°C. Health agencies should continue to advise against fan use in air temperatures higher than 35°C, especially for people with compromised sweating capacity (eg, adults aged 65 years or older). Improving access to ambient cooling strategies (eg, air conditioning or evaporative coolers) and minimising their economic and environmental costs through policy initiatives, efficient cooling technology, and combined use of low-cost personal interventions (eg, skin wetting or fan use) are crucial for climate adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Meade
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean R Notley
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nathalie V Kirby
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Deshayes TA, Hsouna H, Braham MAA, Arvisais D, Pageaux B, Ouellet C, Jay O, Maso FD, Begon M, Saidi A, Gendron P, Gagnon D. Work-rest regimens for work in hot environments: A scoping review. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:304-320. [PMID: 38345435 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To limit exposures to occupational heat stress, leading occupational health and safety organizations recommend work-rest regimens to prevent core temperature from exceeding 38°C or increasing by ≥1°C. This scoping review aims to map existing knowledge of the effects of work-rest regimens in hot environments and to propose recommendations for future research based on identified gaps. METHODS We performed a search of 10 databases to retrieve studies focused on work-rest regimens under hot conditions. RESULTS Forty-nine articles were included, of which 35 were experimental studies. Most studies were conducted in laboratory settings, in North America (71%), on healthy young adults, with 94% of the 642 participants being males. Most studies (66%) employed a protocol duration ≤240 min (222 ± 162 min, range: 37-660) and the time-weighted average wet-bulb globe temperature was 27 ± 4°C (range: 18-34). The work-rest regimens implemented were those proposed by the American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygiene (20%), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (11%), or the Australian Army (3%). The remaining studies (66%) did not mention how the work-rest regimens were derived. Most studies (89%) focused on physical tasks only. Most studies (94%) reported core temperature, whereas only 22% reported physical and/or mental performance outcomes, respectively. Of the 35 experimental studies included, 77% indicated that core temperature exceeded 38°C. CONCLUSIONS Although work-rest regimens are widely used, few studies have investigated their physiological effectiveness. These studies were mainly short in duration, involved mostly healthy young males, and rarely considered the effect of work-rest regimens beyond heat strain during physical exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Deshayes
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hsen Hsouna
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mounir A A Braham
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Arvisais
- Bibliothèque des sciences de la santé, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Capucine Ouellet
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ollie Jay
- Heat and Health Research Incubator, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabien D Maso
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mickael Begon
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alireza Saidi
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Gendron
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Gagnon
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Bhatia A, Hanna J, Stuart T, Kasper KA, Clausen DM, Gutruf P. Wireless Battery-free and Fully Implantable Organ Interfaces. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2205-2280. [PMID: 38382030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Advances in soft materials, miniaturized electronics, sensors, stimulators, radios, and battery-free power supplies are resulting in a new generation of fully implantable organ interfaces that leverage volumetric reduction and soft mechanics by eliminating electrochemical power storage. This device class offers the ability to provide high-fidelity readouts of physiological processes, enables stimulation, and allows control over organs to realize new therapeutic and diagnostic paradigms. Driven by seamless integration with connected infrastructure, these devices enable personalized digital medicine. Key to advances are carefully designed material, electrophysical, electrochemical, and electromagnetic systems that form implantables with mechanical properties closely matched to the target organ to deliver functionality that supports high-fidelity sensors and stimulators. The elimination of electrochemical power supplies enables control over device operation, anywhere from acute, to lifetimes matching the target subject with physical dimensions that supports imperceptible operation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic building blocks of battery-free organ interfaces and related topics such as implantation, delivery, sterilization, and user acceptance. State of the art examples categorized by organ system and an outlook of interconnection and advanced strategies for computation leveraging the consistent power influx to elevate functionality of this device class over current battery-powered strategies is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Bhatia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jessica Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tucker Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kevin Albert Kasper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - David Marshall Clausen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program (GIDP), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Falcone T, Del Ferraro S, Molinaro V, Zollo L, Lenzuni P. A real-time biphasic Kalman filter-based model for estimating human core temperature from heart rate measurements for application in the occupational field. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1219595. [PMID: 38528868 PMCID: PMC10961439 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1219595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early identification of hypothermia or hyperthermia is of vital importance, and real-time monitoring of core temperature (CT) of the workers exposed to thermal environments is an extremely valuable tool. From the existing literature studies, the model developed by Buller et al. in their study of 2013 that generates real-time estimates of CT from heart rate (HR) measurements using the Kalman filter (KF) shows good potential for occupational application. However, some aspects could be improved to reliably handle the existing very wide range of workers and work activities. This study presents a real-time CT estimation model, called the Biphasic Kalman filter-based (BKFB) model, based on HR measurement, with characteristics suited to application in the occupational field. Methods Thirteen healthy subjects (six female and seven male) were included in the study to perform three consecutive tasks simulating work activities. During each test, an ingestible CT sensor was used to measure CT and a HR sensor to measure HR. The KF methodology was used to develop the BKFB model. Results An algorithm with a biphasic structure was developed using two different models for the increasing and decreasing phases of CT, with the ability to switch between the two based on an HR threshold. CT estimates were compared with CT measurements, and with respect to overall root mean square error (RMSE), the BKFB model achieved a sizeable reduction (0.28 ± 0.12°C) compared to the Buller et al. model (0.34 ± 0.16°C). Discussion The BKFB model introduced some modifications over the Buller et al. model for a more effective application in the occupational field. It was developed using data collected from a sample of workers (heavily weighted toward middle-aged, not very fit, and with a considerable fraction of female workers), and it also included two different modeling of CT (for the up- and down-phases), which allowed for better behavioral modeling in the two different stages. The BKFB model provides CT estimates reasonably in comparison to the measured intra-abdominal temperature values in both the activity and recovery phases but is more practical and easier to use for a real-time monitoring system of the workers' thermal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Falcone
- Laboratory of Ergonomics and Physiology, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Simona Del Ferraro
- Laboratory of Ergonomics and Physiology, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Molinaro
- Laboratory of Ergonomics and Physiology, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Loredana Zollo
- Unit of Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Lenzuni
- Tuscany Regional Research Center, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), Florence, Italy
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Ogawa NN, Silva GL, Barbon APADC, Flaiban KKMDC, Silva CAD, Rocha LM, Bridi AM. Animal Welfare Assessment and Meat Quality through Assessment of Stress Biomarkers in Fattening Pigs with and without Visible Damage during Slaughter. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:700. [PMID: 38473085 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the physiological and meat quality differences between Non-Ambulatory, Non-Injured (NANI), and without apparent abnormalities (non-NANI) pigs in a commercial slaughterhouse setting, focusing on the impact of stress and health conditions on the overall well-being and meat quality of the animals. A total of 241 surgically castrated crossbred male pigs from Southern Brazil were analyzed, with 131 non-NANI pigs and 110 NANI pigs. Infrared orbital temperature, rectal temperature, hematological parameters, and meat quality measurements were collected. Statistical analysis included ANOVA tests and principal component analysis (PCA). NANI pigs exhibited significantly higher infrared orbital temperatures and rectal temperature (p < 0.01). Hematological analysis revealed higher levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cells in NANI pigs (p < 0.05). White blood cell count and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly elevated in NANI pigs (p < 0.01), indicating potential infections or inflammatory responses. Meat quality parameters showed that NANI pigs had lower pH values, higher luminosity, and increased drip loss (p < 0.01), reflecting poorer water retention and potential muscle glycogen depletion. The study highlights the physiological and meat quality differences between NANI and non-NANI pigs, emphasizing the impact of stress, health conditions, and handling procedures on the animals. Blood biomarkers proved valuable in assessing physiological stress, immune response, and potential health issues in pigs, correlating with meat quality abnormalities. Utilizing these biomarkers as predictive tools can enhance animal welfare practices and contribute to improving meat quality in the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Nami Ogawa
- Departament of Animal Science, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso, Garcia Cid PR 445 km 380, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Lima Silva
- Departament of Animal Science, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso, Garcia Cid PR 445 km 380, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ayub da Costa Barbon
- Departament of Animal Science, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso, Garcia Cid PR 445 km 380, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Abercio da Silva
- Departament of Animal Science, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso, Garcia Cid PR 445 km 380, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Bridi
- Departament of Animal Science, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso, Garcia Cid PR 445 km 380, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
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Mason AE, Kasl P, Soltani S, Green A, Hartogensis W, Dilchert S, Chowdhary A, Pandya LS, Siwik CJ, Foster SL, Nyer M, Lowry CA, Raison CL, Hecht FM, Smarr BL. Elevated body temperature is associated with depressive symptoms: results from the TemPredict Study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1884. [PMID: 38316806 PMCID: PMC10844227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51567-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Correlations between altered body temperature and depression have been reported in small samples; greater confidence in these associations would provide a rationale for further examining potential mechanisms of depression related to body temperature regulation. We sought to test the hypotheses that greater depression symptom severity is associated with (1) higher body temperature, (2) smaller differences between body temperature when awake versus asleep, and (3) lower diurnal body temperature amplitude. Data collected included both self-reported body temperature (using standard thermometers), wearable sensor-assessed distal body temperature (using an off-the-shelf wearable sensor that collected minute-level physiological data), and self-reported depressive symptoms from > 20,000 participants over the course of ~ 7 months as part of the TemPredict Study. Higher self-reported and wearable sensor-assessed body temperatures when awake were associated with greater depression symptom severity. Lower diurnal body temperature amplitude, computed using wearable sensor-assessed distal body temperature data, tended to be associated with greater depression symptom severity, though this association did not achieve statistical significance. These findings, drawn from a large sample, replicate and expand upon prior data pointing to body temperature alterations as potentially relevant factors in depression etiology and may hold implications for development of novel approaches to the treatment of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Mason
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Patrick Kasl
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Severine Soltani
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Abigail Green
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Hartogensis
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephan Dilchert
- Department of Management, Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Leena S Pandya
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea J Siwik
- Department of Wellness and Preventative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Simmie L Foster
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maren Nyer
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Charles L Raison
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Frederick M Hecht
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Smarr
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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10
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Liang H, Wang JY, Liang Y, Shao XF, Ding YL, Jia HQ. Agreement of zero-heat-flux thermometry with the oesophageal and tympanic core temperature measurement in patient receiving major surgery. J Clin Monit Comput 2024; 38:197-203. [PMID: 37792140 PMCID: PMC10879315 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-023-01078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
To identify and prevent perioperative hypothermia, most surgical patients require a non-invasive, accurate, convenient, and continuous core temperature method, especially for patients undergoing major surgery. This study validated the precision and accuracy of a cutaneous zero-heat-flux thermometer and its performance in detecting intraoperative hypothermia. Adults undergoing major non-cardiac surgeries with general anaesthesia were enrolled in the study. Core temperatures were measured with a zero-heat-flux thermometer, infrared tympanic membrane thermometer, and oesophagal monitoring at 15-minute intervals. Taking the average value of temperature measured in the tympanic membrane and oesophagus as a reference, we assessed the agreement using the Bland-Altman analysis and linear regression methods. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of detecting hypothermia were estimated. 103 patients and one thousand sixty-eight sets of paired temperatures were analyzed. The mean difference between zero-heat-flux and the referenced measurements was -0.03 ± 0.25 °C, with 95% limits of agreement (-0.52 °C, 0.47 °C) was narrow, with 94.5% of the differences within 0.5 °C. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.90 (95%CI 0.89-0.92). The zero-heat-flux thermometry detected hypothermia with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 90%. The zero-heat-flux thermometer is in good agreement with the reference core temperature based on tympanic and oesophagal temperature monitoring in patients undergoing major surgeries, and appears high performance in detecting hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital Of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jing-Yan Wang
- Department of ENT, Affiliated Hospital Of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics, The NO.1 Central Hospital Of Baoding City, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xin-Feng Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The NO.1 Central Hospital Of Baoding City, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yan-Ling Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, The NO.1 Central Hospital Of Baoding City, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hui-Qun Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital Of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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11
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Gao D, Chen B, Sha X, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhang J, Cao Y, Wang Y, Li L, Li X, Xu S, Yu H, Cheng L. Near infrared emissions from both high efficient quantum cutting (173%) and nearly-pure-color upconversion in NaY(WO 4) 2:Er 3+/Yb 3+ with thermal management capability for silicon-based solar cells. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:17. [PMID: 38225231 PMCID: PMC10789824 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Raising photoelectric conversion efficiency and enhancing heat management are two critical concerns for silicon-based solar cells. In this work, efficient Yb3+ infrared emissions from both quantum cutting and upconversion were demonstrated by adjusting Er3+ and Yb3+ concentrations, and thermo-manage-applicable temperature sensing based on the luminescence intensity ratio of two super-low thermal quenching levels was discovered in an Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped tungstate system. The quantum cutting mechanism was clearly decrypted as a two-step energy transfer process from Er3+ to Yb3+. The two-step energy transfer efficiencies, the radiative and nonradiative transition rates of all interested 4 f levels of Er3+ in NaY(WO4)2 were confirmed in the framework of Föster-Dexter theory, Judd-Ofelt theory, and energy gap law, and based on these obtained efficiencies and rates the quantum cutting efficiency was furthermore determined to be as high as 173% in NaY(WO4)2: 5 mol% Er3+/50 mol% Yb3+ sample. Strong and nearly pure infrared upconversion emission of Yb3+ under 1550 nm excitation was achieved in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped NaY(WO4)2 by adjusting Yb3+ doping concentrations. The Yb3+ induced infrared upconversion emission enhancement was attributed to the efficient energy transfer 4I11/2 (Er3+) + 2F7/2 (Yb3+) → 4I15/2 (Er3+) + 2F5/2 (Yb3+) and large nonradiative relaxation rate of 4I9/2. Analysis on the temperature sensing indicated that the NaY(WO4)2:Er3+/Yb3+ serves well the solar cells as thermos-managing material. Moreover, it was confirmed that the fluorescence thermal quenching of 2H11/2/4S3/2 was caused by the nonradiative relaxation of 4S3/2. All the obtained results suggest that NaY(WO4)2:Er3+/Yb3+ is an excellent material for silicon-based solar cells to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency and thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Gao
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Baojiu Chen
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xuezhu Sha
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Xizhen Zhang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinsu Zhang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongze Cao
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Sai Xu
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongquan Yu
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
| | - Lihong Cheng
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, Liaoning, China
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12
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Contreras-Méndez LA, Medrano JF, Thomas MG, Enns RM, Speidel SE, Luna-Nevárez G, López-Castro PA, Rivera-Acuña F, Luna-Nevárez P. The Anti-Müllerian Hormone as Endocrine and Molecular Marker Associated with Reproductive Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows Exposed to Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:213. [PMID: 38254382 PMCID: PMC10812537 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is proposed as a biomarker for fertility in cattle, yet this associative relationship appears to be influenced by heat stress (HS). The objective was to test serum AMH and AMH-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as markers potentially predictive of reproductive traits in dairy cows experiencing HS. The study included 300 Holstein cows that were genotyped using BovineSNP50 (54,000 SNP). A genome-wide association study was then executed. Nine intragenic SNPs within the pathways that influence the AMH gene were found important with multiple comparisons adjustment tests (p < 1.09 × 10-6). A further validation study was performed in an independent Holstein cattle population, which was divided into moderate (MH; n = 152) and severe heat-stressed (SH; n = 128) groups and then subjected to a summer reproductive management program. Serum AMH was confirmed as a predictor of fertility measures (p < 0.05) in MH but not in the SH group. Cows were genotyped, which revealed four SNPs as predictive markers for serum AMH (p < 0.01), reproductive traits (p < 0.01), and additional physiological variables (p < 0.05). These SNPs were in the genes AMH, IGFBP1, LGR5, and TLR4. In conclusion, serum AMH concentrations and AMH polymorphisms are proposed as predictive markers that can be used in conjunction with genomic breeding value approaches to improve reproductive performance in Holstein cows exposed to summer HS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Contreras-Méndez
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Mexico
| | - Juan F. Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - R. Mark Enns
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Scott E. Speidel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Guillermo Luna-Nevárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Mexico
| | - Pedro A. López-Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Mexico
| | - Fernando Rivera-Acuña
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Mexico
| | - Pablo Luna-Nevárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Mexico
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13
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O'Brien TJ, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Leicht CA. Rectal and gastrointestinal temperature differ during passive heating and subsequent recovery. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103755. [PMID: 38242073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to compare rectal temperature (Trec) and gastro-intestinal temperature (TGI) during passive heating and subsequent recovery with and without ice slurry ingestion. Twelve males (age: 25 ± 4 years, body mass index: 25.7 ± 2.5 kg m-2) were immersed in hot water on two occasions (Trec elevation: 1.82 ± 0.08°C). In the subsequent 60-min recovery in ambient conditions, participants ingested either 6.8 g kg-1 of ice slurry (-0.6°C, ICE) or control drink (37°C, CON). During passive heating, Trec was lower than TGI (P < 0.001), in the recovery, Trec was higher than TGI (P < 0.001). During passive heating, mean bias and 95%LoA (Limits of Agreement) were -0.10(±0.25)°C and -0.12(±0.36)°C for CON and ICE, respectively. In the recovery, mean bias and 95%LoA were 0.30(±0.60)°C and 0.42(±0.63)°C for CON and ICE, respectively. Trec and TGI differed during both heating and recovery, and less favourable agreement between Trec and TGI was found in the recovery from passive heating with or without ice slurry ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J O'Brien
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Christof A Leicht
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
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14
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Notley SR, Mitchell D, Taylor NAS. A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 3: Heat and cold tolerance during exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1-145. [PMID: 37796292 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In this third installment of our four-part historical series, we evaluate contributions that shaped our understanding of heat and cold stress during occupational and athletic pursuits. Our first topic concerns how we tolerate, and sometimes fail to tolerate, exercise-heat stress. By 1900, physical activity with clothing- and climate-induced evaporative impediments led to an extraordinarily high incidence of heat stroke within the military. Fortunately, deep-body temperatures > 40 °C were not always fatal. Thirty years later, water immersion and patient treatments mimicking sweat evaporation were found to be effective, with the adage of cool first, transport later being adopted. We gradually acquired an understanding of thermoeffector function during heat storage, and learned about challenges to other regulatory mechanisms. In our second topic, we explore cold tolerance and intolerance. By the 1930s, hypothermia was known to reduce cutaneous circulation, particularly at the extremities, conserving body heat. Cold-induced vasodilatation hindered heat conservation, but it was protective. Increased metabolic heat production followed, driven by shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis, even during exercise and work. Physical endurance and shivering could both be compromised by hypoglycaemia. Later, treatments for hypothermia and cold injuries were refined, and the thermal after-drop was explained. In our final topic, we critique the numerous indices developed in attempts to numerically rate hot and cold stresses. The criteria for an effective thermal stress index were established by the 1930s. However, few indices satisfied those requirements, either then or now, and the surviving indices, including the unvalidated Wet-Bulb Globe-Thermometer index, do not fully predict thermal strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Notley
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan Mitchell
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nigel A S Taylor
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Notley SR, Mitchell D, Taylor NAS. A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 2: physiological measurements. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2587-2685. [PMID: 37796291 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In this, the second of four historical reviews on human thermoregulation during exercise, we examine the research techniques developed by our forebears. We emphasise calorimetry and thermometry, and measurements of vasomotor and sudomotor function. Since its first human use (1899), direct calorimetry has provided the foundation for modern respirometric methods for quantifying metabolic rate, and remains the most precise index of whole-body heat exchange and storage. Its alternative, biophysical modelling, relies upon many, often dubious assumptions. Thermometry, used for >300 y to assess deep-body temperatures, provides only an instantaneous snapshot of the thermal status of tissues in contact with any thermometer. Seemingly unbeknownst to some, thermal time delays at some surrogate sites preclude valid measurements during non-steady state conditions. To assess cutaneous blood flow, immersion plethysmography was introduced (1875), followed by strain-gauge plethysmography (1949) and then laser-Doppler velocimetry (1964). Those techniques allow only local flow measurements, which may not reflect whole-body blood flows. Sudomotor function has been estimated from body-mass losses since the 1600s, but using mass losses to assess evaporation rates requires precise measures of non-evaporated sweat, which are rarely obtained. Hygrometric methods provide data for local sweat rates, but not local evaporation rates, and most local sweat rates cannot be extrapolated to reflect whole-body sweating. The objective of these methodological overviews and critiques is to provide a deeper understanding of how modern measurement techniques were developed, their underlying assumptions, and the strengths and weaknesses of the measurements used for humans exercising and working in thermally challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Notley
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan Mitchell
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nigel A S Taylor
- College of Human Ecology, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Reed EL, Chapman CL, Whittman EK, Park TE, Larson EA, Kaiser BW, Comrada LN, Wiedenfeld Needham K, Halliwill JR, Minson CT. Cardiovascular and mood responses to an acute bout of cold water immersion. J Therm Biol 2023; 118:103727. [PMID: 37866096 PMCID: PMC10842018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Cold water immersion (CWI) may provide benefits for physical and mental health. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of an acute bout of CWI on vascular shear stress and affect (positive and negative). Sixteen healthy adults (age: 23 ± 4 y; (9 self-reported men and 7 self-reported women) completed one 15-min bout of CWI (10 °C). Self-reported affect (positive and negative) was assessed at pre-CWI (Pre), 30-min post-immersion, and 180-min post-immersion in all participants. Brachial artery diameter and blood velocity were measured (Doppler ultrasound) at Pre, after 1-min and 15-min of CWI, and 30-min post-immersion (n = 8). Total, antegrade, and retrograde shear stress, oscillatory shear index (OSI), and forearm vascular conductance (FVC) were calculated. Venous blood samples were collected at Pre, after 1-min and 15-min of CWI, 30-min post-immersion, and 180-min post-immersion (n = 8) to quantify serum β-endorphins and cortisol. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Fisher's least significance difference and compared to Pre. Positive affect did not change (ANOVA p = 0.450) but negative affect was lower at 180-min post-immersion (p < 0.001). FVC was reduced at 15-min of CWI and 30-min post-immersion (p < 0.020). Total and antegrade shear and OSI were reduced at 30-min post-immersion (p < 0.040) but there were no differences in retrograde shear (ANOVA p = 0.134). β-endorphins did not change throughout the trial (ANOVA p = 0.321). Cortisol was lower at 180-min post-immersion (p = 0.014). An acute bout of CWI minimally affects shear stress patterns but may benefit mental health by reducing negative feelings and cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Reed
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Christopher L Chapman
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Emma K Whittman
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Talia E Park
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Emily A Larson
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Brendan W Kaiser
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Lindan N Comrada
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Karen Wiedenfeld Needham
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - John R Halliwill
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Christopher T Minson
- Bowerman Sports Science Center, Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
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17
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McDermott BP, Atkins WC. Response on: Whole-body cooling effectiveness of cold intravenous saline following exercise hyperthermia. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 74:165-166. [PMID: 37793950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brendon P McDermott
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.
| | - Whitley C Atkins
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America; Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, United States of America.
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18
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Martins Januário W, Prata ERBDA, Natali AJ, Prímola-Gomes TN. Normal gastrointestinal temperature values measured through ingestible capsules technology: a systematic review. J Med Eng Technol 2023; 47:389-395. [PMID: 38780358 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2024.2354793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Climate change has amplified the importance of continuous and precise body core temperature (Tcore) monitoring in the everyday life. In this context, assessing Tcore through ingestible capsules technology, i.e., gastrointestinal temperature (Tgastrointestinal), emerges as a good alternative to prevent heat-related illness. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to point out values of normal Tgastrointestinal measured through ingestible capsules in healthy humans. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and searched the PubMed and Scielo databases from 1971 to 2023. Our search strategy included the descriptors ("gastrointestinal temperature") AND ("measurement"), and eligible studies had to be written in English and measured Tgastrointestinal using ingestible capsules or sensors in healthy adults aged 18-59 at rest. Two pairs of researchers independently reviewed titles and abstracts and identified 35 relevant articles out of 1,088 in the initial search. An average value of 37.13 °C with a standard deviation of 0.24 °C was observed, independently of the gender. The values measured ranged from 36.70 °C to 37.69 °C. In conclusion, this systematic review pointed out the mean value of 37.13 ± 0.24 °C measured by ingestible capsules as reference for resting Tgastrointestinal in healthy adult individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Martins Januário
- Departamento de Educação Física, Laboratório de Performance Humana, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Antônio José Natali
- Departamento de Educação Física, Laboratório de Biologia do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Thales Nicolau Prímola-Gomes
- Departamento de Educação Física, Laboratório de Performance Humana, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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19
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Notley SR, Mitchell D, Taylor NAS. A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 1: Foundational principles and theories of regulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2379-2459. [PMID: 37702789 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This contribution is the first of a four-part, historical series encompassing foundational principles, mechanistic hypotheses and supported facts concerning human thermoregulation during athletic and occupational pursuits, as understood 100 years ago and now. Herein, the emphasis is upon the physical and physiological principles underlying thermoregulation, the goal of which is thermal homeostasis (homeothermy). As one of many homeostatic processes affected by exercise, thermoregulation shares, and competes for, physiological resources. The impact of that sharing is revealed through the physiological measurements that we take (Part 2), in the physiological responses to the thermal stresses to which we are exposed (Part 3) and in the adaptations that increase our tolerance to those stresses (Part 4). Exercising muscles impose our most-powerful heat stress, and the physiological avenues for redistributing heat, and for balancing heat exchange with the environment, must adhere to the laws of physics. The first principles of internal and external heat exchange were established before 1900, yet their full significance is not always recognised. Those physiological processes are governed by a thermoregulatory centre, which employs feedback and feedforward control, and which functions as far more than a thermostat with a set-point, as once was thought. The hypothalamus, today established firmly as the neural seat of thermoregulation, does not regulate deep-body temperature alone, but an integrated temperature to which thermoreceptors from all over the body contribute, including the skin and probably the muscles. No work factor needs to be invoked to explain how body temperature is stabilised during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Notley
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan Mitchell
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nigel A S Taylor
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Rekik G, Jouira G, Belkhir Y, Jarraya M, Kuo CD, Chen YS. The effect of dynamic versus static visualizations on acquisition of basketball game actions: a diurnal study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18077. [PMID: 37872241 PMCID: PMC10593838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of time of day (TOD) on the acquisition of basketball game actions from dynamic and static visualizations in physical education students (novice practitioners). Participants were quasi-randomly assigned to three treatments (static pictures, enriched static-pictures, or video). Morning and late-afternoon sessions were conducted, involving study phases and immediate-recall tests [game comprehension (GC) test and game performance (GP) test]. Oral temperature (OT) and mood states (MS) were also measured. Compared to the morning, the results revealed that afternoon resulted in higher OT, higher negative MS (e.g., anxiety and fatigue), and lower positive MS (i.e., vigor) in all experimental conditions. Moreover, the results showed that: (a) GC and GP decreased throughout the day (regardless of treatments), (b) GC and GP were better with enriched static-pictures (with arrows) than with static pictures, at both TOD, and (c) the video resulted in better GC and GP than the two static presentations, at both TOD. This study (a) highlights the morning's superiority in the acquisition of motor skills from dynamic and static visualizations, due to mood disturbances and lower arousal levels, and (b) encourages basketball teachers to use video modeling by experts, particularly in the morning, for explaining tactical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Rekik
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ghada Jouira
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Belkhir
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Cheng-Deng Kuo
- Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu County, 310, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hsiao Chung-Cheng Healthcare Group, New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Chen
- Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, No. 101, Sec. 2, Zhongcheng Rd., Shihlin Dist., Taipei City, 111, Taiwan.
- Exercise and Health Promotion Association, New Taipei City, 241, Taiwan.
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21
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Shirazi M, Eslahi A, Ostevari M, Ahmed F, Zaid A, Askarpour MR, Nikbakht HA, Gholami Z, Shirazi S. Reference value of testicular temperature measured by finite element analysis after first staged inguinal orchidopexy in children with abdominal testis and short spermatic cord. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2023; 95:11528. [PMID: 37791558 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2023.11528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to build a 3D reconstruction computed simulation model and to establish a regression equation for detecting the testis's temperature by its location after first staged open orchidopexy in children with abdominal undescended testis (UDT) and short spermatic cords. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 31 children with abdominal UDT and short spermatic cords who underwent first staged orchiopexy between 2017 and 2020. Using ultrasonography to obtain the testis's location distance from the skin surface (X1), external iliac vessel (X2), and internal inguinal ring (X3), we input the data into a 3D reconstruction computed simulation along with COMSOL to calculate the testicular temperature. We also used multivariate regression to establish the testicular temperature regression equation from the gathered data. RESULT The mean age of the participants was 4.47 ± 1.21 years. The mean size of the operated testis was 0.39 ± 0.13 cc. The mean distance of the testis from X1, X2, and X3 was 3.27 ± 1.25 mm, 21.06 ± 6.42 mm, and 27.19 ± 10.09 mm, respectively. The testicular temperature regression equation derived from testis location was calculated by the formula: 34.57 + 0.0236 X12 - 0.0105 X2 - 0.0018 X3. The concordance for testis temperature calculated via the computational method and regression equation was 83%. CONCLUSIONS The current study provided a reference value for the testicular temperature of children with abdominal UDT and short spermatic cords after the first stage of orchiopexy. A testicular temperature regression equation can be established based on the testis location, which will provide relevant information for the testicular development assessment, disease diagnosis, and follow-up, and possibly determination of the time of the second stage of orchiopexy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shirazi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz; Histomorphomettery and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz.
| | - Ali Eslahi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz; Shiraz Geriatric Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz.
| | - Mohsen Ostevari
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz.
| | - Faisal Ahmed
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ibb University, Ibb.
| | - Ahmed Zaid
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz.
| | | | - Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Biostatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol.
| | - Zeinab Gholami
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz.
| | - Sania Shirazi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz.
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22
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Oh S, Yoo JY, Maeng WY, Yoo S, Yang T, Slattery SM, Pessano S, Chang E, Jeong H, Kim J, Ahn HY, Kim Y, Kim J, Xu S, Weese-Mayer DE, Rogers JA. Simple, miniaturized biosensors for wireless mapping of thermoregulatory responses. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115545. [PMID: 37517336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is the most commonly collected vital sign in all of clinical medicine; it plays a critical role in care decisions related to topics ranging from infection to inflammation, sleep, and fertility. Most assessments of body temperature occur at isolated anatomical locations (e.g. axilla, rectum, temporal artery, or oral cavity). Even this relatively primitive mode for monitoring can be challenging with vulnerable patient populations due to physical encumbrances and artifacts associated with the sizes, weights, shapes and mechanical properties of the sensors and, for continuous monitoring, their hard-wired interfaces to data collection units. Here, we introduce a simple, miniaturized, lightweight sensor as a wireless alternative, designed to address demanding applications such as those related to the care of neonates in high ambient humidity environments with radiant heating found in incubators in intensive care units. Such devices can be deployed onto specific anatomical locations of premature infants for homeostatic assessments. The estimated core body temperature aligns, to within 0.05 °C, with clinical grade, wired sensors, consistent with regulatory medical device requirements. Time-synchronized, multi-device operation across multiple body locations supports continuous, full-body measurements of spatio-temporal variations in temperature and additional modes of determining tissue health status in the context of sepsis detection and various environmental exposures. In addition to thermal sensing, these same devices support measurements of a range of other essential vital signs derived from thermo-mechanical coupling to the skin, for applications ranging from neonatal and infant care to sleep medicine and even pulmonary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyong Oh
- Division of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea; Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Woo-Youl Maeng
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Seonggwang Yoo
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Susan M Slattery
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sara Pessano
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Emily Chang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hak-Young Ahn
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yeongdo Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Joohee Kim
- Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuai Xu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Sibel Health, Niles, IL, 60714, USA
| | - Debra E Weese-Mayer
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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23
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Brodeur N, Notley SR, Kenny GP, Longtin A, Seely AJE. Continuous Monitoring of Entropy Production and Entropy Flow in Humans Exercising under Heat Stress. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1290. [PMID: 37761590 PMCID: PMC10530146 DOI: 10.3390/e25091290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Complex living systems, such as the human organism, are characterized by their self-organized and dissipative behaviors, where irreversible processes continuously produce entropy internally and export it to the environment; however, a means by which to measure human entropy production and entropy flow over time is not well-studied. In this article, we leverage prior experimental data to introduce an experimental approach for the continuous measurement of external entropy flow (released to the environment) and internal entropy production (within the body), using direct and indirect calorimetry, respectively, for humans exercising under heat stress. Direct calorimetry, performed with a whole-body modified Snellen calorimeter, was used to measure the external heat dissipation from the change in temperature and relative humidity between the air outflow and inflow, from which was derived the rates of entropy flow of the body. Indirect calorimetry, which measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production from inspired and expired gases, was used to monitor internal entropy production. A two-compartment entropy flow model was used to calculate the rates of internal entropy production and external entropy flow for 11 middle-aged men during a schedule of alternating exercise and resting bouts at a fixed metabolic heat production rate. We measured a resting internal entropy production rate of (0.18 ± 0.01) W/(K·m2) during heat stress only, which is in agreement with published measurements. This research introduces an approach for the real-time monitoring of entropy production and entropy flow in humans, and aims for an improved understanding of human health and illness based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Brodeur
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.B.)
| | - Sean R. Notley
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Glen P. Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - André Longtin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.B.)
| | - Andrew J. E. Seely
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
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24
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Moes MI, Elia A, Gennser M, Eiken O, Keramidas ME. Nitrous oxide consistently attenuates thermogenic and thermoperceptual responses to repetitive cold stress in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:631-641. [PMID: 37471214 PMCID: PMC10642508 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00309.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Divers are at enhanced risk of hypothermia, due to the independent action of the inspired inert gases on thermoregulation. Thus, narcosis induced by acute (≤2 h) exposure to either hyperbaric nitrogen or normobaric nitrous oxide (N2O) impairs shivering thermogenesis and accelerates body core cooling. Animal-based studies, however, have indicated that repeated and sustained N2O administration may prevent N2O-evoked hypometabolism. We, therefore, examined the effects of prolonged intermittent exposure to 30% N2O on human thermoeffector plasticity in response to moderate cold. Fourteen men participated in two ∼12-h sessions, during which they performed sequentially three 120-min cold-water immersions (CWIs) in 20°C water, separated by 120-min rewarming. During CWIs, subjects were breathing either normal air or a normoxic gas mixture containing 30% N2O. Rectal and skin temperatures, metabolic heat production (via indirect calorimetry), finger and forearm cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; laser-Doppler fluxmetry/mean arterial pressure), and thermal sensation and comfort were monitored. N2O aggravated the drop in rectal temperature (P = 0.01), especially during the first (by ∼0.3°C) and third (by ∼0.4°C) CWIs. N2O invariably blunted the cold-induced elevation of metabolic heat production by ∼22%-25% (P < 0.001). During the initial ∼30 min of the first and second CWIs, N2O attenuated the cold-induced drop in finger (P ≤ 0.001), but not in forearm CVC. N2O alleviated the sensation of coldness and thermal discomfort throughout (P < 0.001). Thus, the present results demonstrate that, regardless of the cumulative duration of gas exposure, a subanesthetic dose of N2O depresses human thermoregulatory functions and precipitates the development of hypothermia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human thermoeffector plasticity was evaluated in response to prolonged iterative exposure to 30% N2O and moderate cold stress. Regardless of the duration of gas exposure, N2O-induced narcosis impaired in a persistent manner shivering thermogenesis and thermoperception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike I Moes
- Division of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonis Elia
- Division of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Gennser
- Division of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Eiken
- Division of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michail E Keramidas
- Division of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Meade RD, Notley SR, Akerman AP, McGarr GW, Richards BJ, McCourt ER, King KE, McCormick JJ, Boulay P, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP. Physiological responses to 9 hours of heat exposure in young and older adults. Part I: Body temperature and hemodynamic regulation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:673-687. [PMID: 37439239 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00227.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an elevated risk of heat-related mortality and morbidity, attributed, in part, to declines in thermoregulation. However, comparisons between young and older adults have been limited to brief exposures (1-4 h), which may not adequately reflect the duration or severity of the heat stress experienced during heat waves. We therefore evaluated physiological responses in 20 young (19-31 yr; 10 females) and 39 older (61-78 yr; 11 females) adults during 9 h of rest at 40°C and 9% relative humidity. Whole body heat exchange and storage were measured with direct calorimetry during the first 3 h and final 3 h. Core temperature (rectal) was monitored continuously. The older adults stored 88 kJ [95% confidence interval (CI): 29, 147] more heat over the first 3 h of exposure (P = 0.006). Although no between-group differences were observed after 3 h [young: 37.6°C (SD 0.2°C) vs. older: 37.7°C (0.3°C); P = 0.216], core temperature was elevated by 0.3°C [0.1, 0.4] (adjusted for baseline) in the older group at hour 6 [37.6°C (0.2°C) vs. 37.9°C (0.2°C); P < 0.001] and by 0.2°C [0.0, 0.3] at hour 9 [37.7°C (0.3°C) vs. 37.8°C (0.3°C)], although the latter comparison was not significant after multiplicity correction (P = 0.061). Our findings indicate that older adults sustain greater increases in heat storage and core temperature during daylong exposure to hot dry conditions compared with their younger counterparts. This study represents an important step in the use of ecologically relevant, prolonged exposures for translational research aimed at quantifying the physiological and health impacts of hot weather and heat waves on heat-vulnerable populations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found greater increases in body heat storage and core temperature in older adults than in their younger counterparts during 9 h of resting exposure to hot dry conditions. Furthermore, the age-related increase in core temperature was exacerbated in older adults with common heat-vulnerability-linked health conditions (type 2 diabetes and hypertension). Impairments in thermoregulatory function likely contribute to the increased risk of heat-related illness and injury seen in older adults during hot weather and heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Meade
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sean R Notley
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley P Akerman
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory W McGarr
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brodie J Richards
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma R McCourt
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelli E King
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James J McCormick
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Boulay
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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26
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da Silva WC, da Silva JAR, da Silva ÉBR, Barbosa AVC, Sousa CEL, de Carvalho KC, dos Santos MRP, Neves KAL, Martorano LG, Camargo Júnior RNC, Lourenço-Júnior JDB. Characterization of Thermal Patterns Using Infrared Thermography and Thermolytic Responses of Cattle Reared in Three Different Systems during the Transition Period in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2735. [PMID: 37685000 PMCID: PMC10487038 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Lower Amazon mesoregion, there are basically three types of production systems: the traditional (without shade and no bathing area), the silvopastoral (with shade and no bathing area), and the integrated (with shade and bathing area). It is considered that the type of production system influences the thermal comfort and productivity of cattle, so this research aims to evaluate the influence of these three types of production systems on the thermoregulation of Nellore cattle. The experiment was carried out on a rural property for raising cattle, located in Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brazil, during the transition period (June/July). Thirty bovine males (not castrated, aged between 18 and 20 months, average weight of 250 ± 36 kg, body condition score of 3.5, clinically healthy) were randomly divided into three groups: Silvopastoral System-SS (n = 10), Traditional System-TS (n = 10), and Integrated System-IS (n = 10). Climate variables were collected (air temperature (AT °C), relative humidity (RH %), wind speed (WS, m/s), solar radiation (SR), black globe temperature (BGT °C), and physiological parameters, such as respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT)) at 6 a.m., 12 p.m., 6 p.m., and 12 a.m. to determine the thermal comfort situation of the animals. Thermographic images of the environment and animals were captured in order to obtain the body surface temperature (BST) through infrared thermography. The Benezra Thermal Comfort Index (BTCI), Environmental Stress Index (ESI), Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI), and Iberian Heat Tolerance Index (Iberian HTI) were used. The results showed that the silvopastoral system, with shading by chestnut trees and an ample vegetative area, presented better thermal conditions, with an average of 28.98 °C, in comparison with the traditional system (35.93 °C) and the integrated one (34.11 °C). It was observed that the body surface temperature of cattle did not differ significantly between the anatomical regions of the body and the studied systems (p > 0.05). As for the respiratory rate, the traditional system registered higher values, with an average of 41 movements per minute, indicating possible thermal stress (p < 0.05). The thermal comfort indices revealed that all systems presented moderate stress conditions during times of higher solar intensity. It is concluded that the silvopastoral system proved to be more favorable for cattle, providing shade and reducing thermal stress, which may have a positive impact on animal welfare and productivity in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welligton Conceição da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | | | - Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Lima Sousa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, Brazil; (C.E.L.S.); (K.C.d.C.)
| | - Katarina Cardoso de Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, Brazil; (C.E.L.S.); (K.C.d.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | - José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
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27
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Park G, Woo S, Kim K, Kim J, Hwang J, Kim SK, Lee H, Lee S, Kwon B, Kim S, Rhee H, Kim W. Noninvasive and Continuous Monitoring of the Core Body Temperature through the Quantitative Measurement of Blood Perfusion Rate. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2975-2985. [PMID: 37432871 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Core body temperature (CBT) is one of the four vital signs that must be monitored continuously. The continuous recording of CBT is possible through invasive methods by inserting a temperature probe into specific body sites. We report a novel method to monitor CBT through the quantitative measurement of skin blood perfusion rate (ωb,skin). By monitoring the skin temperature, heat flux, and ωb,skin, the arterial blood temperature, equivalent to CBT, can be extracted. ωb,skin is quantitatively evaluated thermally via sinusoidal heating with regulated thermal penetration depth so that the blood perfusion rate is acquired only in the skin. Its quantification is significant because it indicates various physiological events including hyper- or hypothermia, tissue death, and delineation of tumors. A subject showed promising results with steady values of ωb,skin and CBT of 5.2 ± 1.05 × 10-4 s-1 and 36.51 ± 0.23 °C, respectively. For periods where the subject's actual CBT (axillary temperature) did not fall within the estimated range, the average deviation from the actual CBT was only 0.07 °C. This study aims to develop a competent methodology capable of continuously monitoring the CBT and blood perfusion rate at a distant location from the core body region for the diagnosis of a patient's health condition with wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gimin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjai Woo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyomin Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junphil Hwang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hotaik Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Boksoon Kwon
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsoon Rhee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochul Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Sage AM, Bossert JL, Brunstein KA, Farrow AF, Perregrino AN, Clark-Price SC. Retrospective investigation of decreasing body temperature trends during anaesthesia in dogs. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e2586. [PMID: 36646653 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothermia during the perianaesthetic period may lead to an increased risk of morbidity in veterinary patients. However, the timeline of the decrease in body temperature during general anaesthesia has been minimally investigated. METHODS Anaesthetic records of 1097 client-owned dogs were examined. Change in body temperature (ΔBT = baseline temperature - time point temperature) was plotted over time for all dogs. The slope of ΔBT was calculated for each 15-minute interval, and the magnitude of the largest ΔBT and the time point at which the largest ΔBT occurred were determined for each record. RESULTS A rapid decline in ΔBT occurred from 0 to 15 minutes, a slower decline occurred from 15 to 60 minutes and a plateau occurred from 60 to 240 minutes. The largest ΔBT occurred at 75 (15-240) minutes from baseline, with a maximum ΔBT of -2.06°C (-0.06°C to -8.72°C). LIMITATIONS This is a retrospective study. As such, there were missing data points and potential confounding factors could not be controlled for. CONCLUSIONS Anaesthetised dogs exhibited a distinct pattern of decrease in body temperature, with the most rapid reduction occurring within the first 15 minutes. The effects of procedures and anaesthetic agents on the timeline and pattern of heat loss warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna M Sage
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julia L Bossert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Kristin A Brunstein
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Abigail F Farrow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Ali N Perregrino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Stuart C Clark-Price
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Meineri M, Daschkevich A, Andre G, Erdoes G. Temperature monitoring in cardiac surgery with transesophageal echocardiography probe: magic bullet or underutilization of a powerful tool? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 64:ezad276. [PMID: 37555821 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Meineri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexey Daschkevich
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ginther Andre
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabor Erdoes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Guadagnin AR, Matiello JP, Ribeiro RS, Pereira LGR, Machado FS, Tomich TR, Campos MM, Heisler G, Fischer V. Assessment of heat production and methane emission using infrared thermography in lactating Holstein and Gyrolando-F1 (½ Holstein ½ Gyr) crossbreed cows. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103628. [PMID: 37422965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive and efficient tool to detect changes in the animal's body surface temperature, which is directly associated with the animal's energy loss. Methane emission represents a significant energy loss, particularly in ruminants, as well as heat production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to correlate skin temperature measured using IRT with heat production (HP) and methane emission in lactating Holstein and crossbred ½ Holstein x ½ Gyr (Gyrolando-F1) cows. Six Gyrolando-F1 and four Holstein cows, all primiparous, at mid lactation were used to evaluate daily HP and methane emission using indirect calorimetry in respiratory chambers. Thermographic images were taken at anus, vulva, ribs (on the right side), left flank, right flank, right front foot, upper lip, masseter and eye; IRT was performed every hour during 8 h after the morning feeding. Cows received the same diet ad libitum. Daily methane emission was positively correlated with IRT taken at the right front foot 1 h after feeding in Gyrolando-F1 cows (r = 0.85, P < 0.05) and with IRT taken at the eye 5 h after feeding in Holstein cows (r = 0.88, P < 0.05). HP was positively correlated with IRT taken at the eye 6 h after feeding in Gyrolando-F1 cows (r = 0.85, P < 0.05) and with IRT taken at the eye 5 h after feeding in Holstein cows (r = 0.90, P < 0.05). Infrared thermography was positively correlated with HP and methane emission in both Holstein and Gyrolando-F1 lactating cows, although the anatomical points and times of image acquisition yielding the greatest correlation coefficients varies among breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Guadagnin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 7712 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João P Matiello
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 7712 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Ribeiro
- Department of Bioengeneering, Fereal University of São João del-Rey, 74Dom Helvecio Square, 36307-352, São João del-Rey, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz G R Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 610Eugenio do Nascimento Street, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Machado
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 610Eugenio do Nascimento Street, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thierry R Tomich
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 610Eugenio do Nascimento Street, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 610Eugenio do Nascimento Street, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Heisler
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 7712 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vivian Fischer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 7712 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Chen YC, Cherng YG, Romadlon DS, Chang KM, Huang CJ, Tsai PS, Chen CY, Chiu HY. Comparative effects of warming systems applied to different parts of the body on hypothermia in adults undergoing abdominal surgery: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Anesth 2023; 89:111190. [PMID: 37390588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2023.111190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The prevention of perioperative hypothermia after anesthesia induction is a critical concern in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The effectiveness of various warming systems for preventing hypothermia and shivering when applied to specific areas of the body remains undetermined. DESIGN Systematic review and network meta-analysis. SETTING Operating room. INTERVENTION Five electronic databases were searched, including only randomized control trials (RCTs) reporting the effects of warming systems applied to specific body sites on the intraoperative core temperature and postoperative risk of shivering in adults undergoing abdominal surgery. A multivariate random-effects network meta-analysis with a frequentist framework was implemented for data analysis. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was the core body temperature 60 and 120 min after anesthesia induction for abdominal surgery. The secondary outcome was the incidence of postoperative shivering. RESULTS This review comprised a total of 24 RCTs including 1119 patients. At 60 and 120 min after anesthesia induction, a forced-air warming system applied to the upper body (0.3 °C and 95% confidence intervals = [0.3 to 0.4], 1.0 °C [0.7 to 1.3]), lower body (0.4 °C [0.3 to 0.5], 0.9 °C [0.5 to 1.2]), and underbody (0.5 °C [0.5 to 0.6], 1.2 °C [0.9 to 1.6]) was superior to passive insulation in terms of core body temperature regulation. Compared with passive insulation, the forced-air warming system applied to the lower body (odds ratio = 0.06) or underbody (0.44) and the electric heating blanket to the lower body (0.02) or the whole body (0.07) significantly reduced the risk of shivering. CONCLUSIONS The results of this NMA revealed that forced-air warming with an underbody blanket effectively elevates core body temperatures in 60 and 120 min after induction of anesthesia and prevents shivering in patients recovering from abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Giun Cherng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kai-Mei Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yean Chiu
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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32
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Kazune S, Vasiljevs E, Caica-Rinca A, Marcinkevics Z, Grabovskis A. Infrared Thermography Imaging for Assessment of Peripheral Perfusion in Patients with Septic Shock. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:729. [PMID: 37370660 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin temperature changes can be used to assess peripheral perfusion in circulatory shock patients. However, research has been limited to point measurements from acral parts of the body. Infrared thermography allows non-invasive evaluation of temperature distribution over a larger surface. Our study aimed to map thermographic patterns in the knee and upper thigh of 81 septic shock patients within 24 h of admission and determine the relationship between skin temperature patterns, mottling, and 28-day mortality. We extracted skin temperature measurements from zones corresponding to mottling scores and used a linear mixed model to analyze the distribution of skin temperature in patients with different mottling scores. Our results showed that the distribution of skin temperature in the anterior thigh and knee is physiologically heterogeneous and has no significant association with mottling or survival at 28 days. However, overall skin temperature of the anterior thigh and knee is significantly lower in non-survivors when modified by mottling score. No differences were found in skin temperature between the survivor and non-survivor groups. Our study shows the potential usefulness of infrared thermography in evaluating skin temperature patterns in resuscitated septic shock patients. Overall skin temperature of the anterior thigh and knee may be an important indicator of survival status when modified by mottling score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Kazune
- Department of Anesthesiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Vasiljevs
- Residency Development Department, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anastasija Caica-Rinca
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Zbignevs Marcinkevics
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andris Grabovskis
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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Jolicoeur Desroches A, Naulleau C, Deshayes TA, Pancrate T, Goulet EDB. CORE™ wearable sensor: Comparison against gastrointestinal temperature during cold water ingestion and a 5 km running time-trial. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103622. [PMID: 37352596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Five km running time-trials (TT) are associated with rapid and significant increases in core body temperature (TC). For such races, real-time feedback from pre-exercise and exercise TC may be helpful in the design of an optimal pacing strategy aimed at limiting the possibility of developing heat-related illnesses. This study compared measurements of TC obtained with a wearable device, the CORE™, to those of a gastrointestinal pill (GI pill), during cold water ingestion and a 5 km running TT. Twelve participants (25 ± 4 yrs) ingested 7.5 mL/kg fat-free mass of 4 °C water over the first 5 min of a 120 min sitting period, after which they completed a 5 km running TT at 30 °C, 50% relative humidity. A TC difference > ± 0.25 °C between sensors was deemed clinically unacceptable. Prior to water ingestion, the CORE-derived TC was 0.49 ± 0.25 °C lower than the GI pill. The CORE was irresponsive to the 0.26 ± 0.22 °C peak decline in TC captured with the GI pill 40 min following water ingestion. Prior to the TT, TC was 0.30 ± 0.25 °C lower with the CORE than the GI pill. During the TT, the CORE underestimated the rate of increase in TC by 0.0125 ± 0.019 °C/min compared with the GI pill, and mean absolute difference in TC between sensors was of 0.47 ± 0.34 °C. In conclusion, the CORE does not capture the cooling effect of cold water ingestion and provides a clinically relevant underestimation of TC during a 5 km running TT in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Naulleau
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Institut National du Sport du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas A Deshayes
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Research Centre on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Timothée Pancrate
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric D B Goulet
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Research Centre on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Barreto IVPDS, Rodrigues GD, Oliveira JDS, Neves EB, Soares PPDS. Heated environment offsets the cardiovascular responses to prolonged rowing exercise in competitive athletes. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103603. [PMID: 37327618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged rowing exercise sessions are often prescribed considering competitive training schedules, and under hostile environments (e.g., heated ambient). The study aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress (HS) on physical performance, Lactate concentration ([Lac]), and cardiorespiratory responses during prolonged exercise sessions in competitive rowers. Twelve rowers performed preliminary exercise tests (2-km test and five-step incremental lactate test) to assess the target workload intensity corresponding to a 2.5 mmol.L-1 of [Lac]. On two separate days, participants were enrolled in two exercise sessions of 12 km in a rowing machine under HS (∼30 °C) and thermal comfort (TC 22 °C) conditions. Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), oxygen uptake (VO2), [Lac], and the rating of perceptual exertion (RPE) were obtained. From baseline, HS increased the maximum temperature of the face compared to TC. Workload and VO2 reduced while RPE increased at 9- and 12-km of rowing exercise under HS compared to TC. From baseline to the last stage of exercise, HS shifted SV downwards and HR upwards compared to TC. Consequently, CO did not change between thermal conditions (TC vs. HS). Therefore, HS provokes a cardiovascular drift during prolonged rowing in comparison to TC. The last stages of prolonged rowing sessions under HS seem to be critical to physical performance and relative perceptual of effort in rowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V P Dos S Barreto
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | - Gabriel D Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Josie de S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Neves
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo da S Soares
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil.
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Alnajar M, Saker Z, Haji F, Abdelsamed M, Khaled Z, Abd-elgawad M. Antipyretic Effect of Oral Dipyrone (Metamizole) Compared to Oral Ibuprofen in febrile Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2920290/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication dipyrone (metamizole) is most frequently used as a painkiller as well as an anti - pyretic. Despite the fact that it has been banned in many high-income countries following confirmed studies of fatal agranulocytosis and adverse drug reactions, it is still widely used in various countries of the world. However, the antipyretic therapeutic indications of dipyrone in febrile children are currently unknown, and there is little information on the advantages and disadvantages of using dipyrone in febrile youngsters. In febrile youngsters, we expected that dipyrone's antipyretic effectiveness wouldn't be any more effective than ibuprofen. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of oral dipyrone and oral ibuprofen as antipyretics in febrile children.
Methods
Several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, were searched thoroughly using a pre-established search strategy for potential research. The studies included in this analysis comprised randomized controlled trials that compared the antipyretic effects of oral ibuprofen and oral dipyrone in febrile kids. Data analysis was carried out using Revman 5.4 software.
Results
Three studies were selected among the 27 publications we discovered to be applicable, and they underwent qualitative and quantitative analysis. The pooled analysis revealed no discernible difference between oral dipyrone and oral ibuprofen in terms of their antipyretic effects (Mean difference (MD) = 0.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.08, 0.20).
Conclusion
Both oral dipyrone and ibuprofen are effective in reducing high-temperature levels in febrile children without any significant difference.
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Iwahashi M, Chaen Y, Yanaoka T, Kurokawa Y, Hasegawa H. Cold water immersion of the hand and forearm during half-time improves intermittent exercise performance in the heat. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1143447. [PMID: 37362443 PMCID: PMC10285063 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1143447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cold water immersion of the hand and forearm during half-time (HT) on intermittent exercise performance and thermoregulation by imitating intermittent athletic games in the heat. In a randomized crossover design, 11 physically active men performed the first half (first and second block) and second half (third and fourth block) intermittent cycling exercise protocol, which consisted of a 5-s maximal power pedalling (body weight × 0.075 kp) every minute separated by 25-s of unloaded pedalling and rest (30 s) in the heat (33°C, 50% relative humidity). The two-halves were separated by a 15-min HT. During HT, the participants were assigned to the CON (sedentary resting) or COOL (immersion of hands and forearms in cold water at 15-17°C) condition. The mean power output in the second half was significantly greater (third and fourth block: p < 0.05) in the COOL than in the CON condition. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the rectal (0.54 ± 0.17°C, p < 0.001) and mean skin (1.86 ± 0.34°C, p < 0.05) temperatures of the COOL condition during HT. Furthermore, the heart rate (16 ± 7 bpm, p < 0.05) and skin blood flow (40.2 ± 10.5%, p < 0.001) decreased at the end of HT in the COOL condition. In the second half, thermal sensation was more comfortable in the COOL condition (p < 0.001). Cold water immersion of the hand and forearm during HT improved physiological and reduced perceived heat stress. Moreover, it prevented a reduction in intermittent exercise performance in the second half.
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Patel DV, Barot RB, Cecil R, Phatak AG, Shinde MK, Patel AJ, Nimbalkar SM. Temperature Monitoring in Children: An Agreement Study. JOURNAL OF NEONATOLOGY 2023; 37:134-141. [DOI: 10.1177/09732179231164527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Noncontact infrared thermometer (NCIT) measures temperature rapidly and noninvasively. It is commonly used at forehead, but other potential sites such as axilla and abdomen are yet to be explored. We assessed agreement of temperature recordings of axillary temperature by glass mercury thermometer (the “gold standard”) with axillary temperature by the digital thermometer as well as with NCIT at forehead, axilla, mid abdomen, and at right hypochondriac areas. Methods: Neonates and children below 5 years admitted in neonatal and pediatrics wards were enrolled in the study through convenience sampling. For each participant, temperature was measured using NCIT at forehead, mid abdomen, right hypochondrium, and right axilla as well as using digital thermometer at right axilla and using glass mercury thermometer at right axilla. The agreement between methods was presented as mean difference (95% limits of agreement) using Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Total 400 temperature readings were taken for each method from 132 participants. There was a good agreement between mercury axillary with digital axillary in both the groups, that is, neonates and children (>1 month to 5 years) (Mean difference [95% limits of agreement] = –0.046 [–0.26 to 0.169]°C and –0.028 [–0.183 to 0.128]°C, respectively). While for all the methods using NCIT, there was a poor agreement with mercury axillary temperature in both the groups. Conclusion: Agreement between axillary temperatures using digital and glass mercury thermometers was good, while agreements between the axillary temperature using glass mercury thermometer with NCIT readings at different sites were poor in neonates and children below 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipen V. Patel
- Department of Neonatology, Bhaikaka University, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Rushi B. Barot
- Department of Pediatrics, Bhaikaka University, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Rashmin Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Bhaikaka University, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay G. Phatak
- Central Research Services, Shree Krishna Hospital, Bhaikaka University, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Mayur K. Shinde
- Central Research Services, Shree Krishna Hospital, Bhaikaka University, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Arya J. Patel
- Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Somashekhar M. Nimbalkar
- Department of Neonatology, Bhaikaka University, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Kruijt N, van den Bersselaar LR, Hopman MTE, Snoeck MMJ, van Rijswick M, Wiggers TGH, Jungbluth H, Bongers CCWG, Voermans NC. Exertional Heat Stroke and Rhabdomyolysis: A Medical Record Review and Patient Perspective on Management and Long-Term Symptoms. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:33. [PMID: 37204519 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a medical emergency, occurring when the body generates more heat than it can dissipate, and frequently associated with exertional rhabdomyolysis (ERM). In the present study we aimed to (I) identify clinical features and risk factors, (II) describe current prehospital management, (III) investigate long-term outcomes including the impact on mental health, and review the guidance received during restarting activities. We hope that our approach will improve individual and organizational heat illness preparedness, and improve follow-up care. METHODS We performed a prospective online survey and retrospective medical record review among athletes and military personnel with an episode of EHS/ERM in the Netherlands between 2010 and 2020. We evaluated prehospital management, risk factors, clinical features and long-term outcomes at 6 and 12 months after the event, including mental health symptoms. Furthermore, we investigated what guidance participants received during follow-up, and assessed the patients' perspective on these outcomes. RESULTS Sixty participants were included, 42 male (70%) and 18 female (30%), of which 47 presented with EHS (78%) and 13 with ERM (22%). Prehospital management was inconsistent and in the majority of participants not conducted according to available guidelines. Self-reported risk factors included not feeling well-acclimatized to environmental heat (55%) and peer pressure (28%). Self-reported long-term symptoms included muscle symptoms at rest (26%) or during exercise (28%), and neurological sequelae (11%). Validated questionnaires (CIS, HADS and SF-36) were indicative of severe fatigue (30%) or mood/anxiety disorders (11%). Moreover, 90% expressed a lack of follow-up care and that a more frequent and intensive follow-up would have been beneficial for their recovery process. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate major inconsistencies in the management of patients with EHS/ERM, emphasizing the compelling need for implementing standardized protocols. Based on the results of long-term outcome measures, we recommend to counsel and evaluate every patient not only immediately after the event, but also in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Kruijt
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10 (Route 652), 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - L R van den Bersselaar
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10 (Route 652), 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Malignant Hyperthermia Investigation Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M T E Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M J Snoeck
- Malignant Hyperthermia Investigation Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M van Rijswick
- Department of Exercise Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Royal Dutch Army, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T G H Wiggers
- Department of Sports Medicine, Anna Hospital, Geldrop, The Netherlands
| | - H Jungbluth
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C C W G Bongers
- Department of Physiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N C Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10 (Route 652), 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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39
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Llada IM, Lourenco JM, Dycus MM, Carpenter JM, Suen G, Hill NS, Filipov NM. Behavioral and Physiological Alterations in Angus Steers Grazing Endophyte-Infected Toxic Fescue during Late Fall. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050343. [PMID: 37235377 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fescue toxicosis is caused by grazing ergot alkaloid-producing endophyte (Epichloë coenophiala)-infected tall fescue (E+). Summer grazing of E+ leads to decreased productivity, associated impaired thermoregulation, and altered behavior. The goal of this study was to determine the role of E+ grazing-climate interaction on animal behavior and thermoregulation during late fall. Eighteen Angus steers were placed on nontoxic (NT), toxic (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) fescue pastures for 28 days. Physiological parameters, such as rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), ear and ankle surface temperature (ET, AT), and body weights, were measured. Skin surface temperature (SST) and animal activity were recorded continuously with temperature and behavioral activity sensors, respectively. Environmental conditions were collected using paddocks-placed data loggers. Across the trial, steers on E+ gained about 60% less weight than the other two groups. E+ steers also had higher RT than E- and NT, and lower SST than NT post-pasture placement. Importantly, animals grazing E+ spent more time lying, less time standing, and took more steps. These data suggest that late fall E+ grazing impairs core and surface temperature regulation and increases non-productive lying time, which may be partly responsible for the observed decreased weight gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Llada
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jeferson M Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mikayla M Dycus
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jessica M Carpenter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nicholas S Hill
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nikolay M Filipov
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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40
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Tochihara Y, Lee JY, Son SY, Bakri I. Heat strain of Japanese firefighters wearing personal protective equipment: a review for developing a test method. ERGONOMICS 2023; 66:676-689. [PMID: 35959644 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to develop a test method for the evaluation of heat strain for structural firefighters wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) in Japan. We analysed a series of our laboratory's questionnaires and experimental studies and reviewed international standards on test methods. We investigated the actual average working conditions (total firefighting time on one incidence, working time with full PPE, maximum temperature and humidity during firefighting) at structural firefighting site in Japan by conducting a large-scale questionnaire survey of Japanese firefighters. We discussed test subjects (firefighters vs. non-firefighters; body size; physical fitness), exercise intensity (absolutes vs. relative; light vs. heavy) and duration, experimental temperature and relative humidity, experimental clothing items including station uniforms (shorts vs. long), and measurement variables (physiological and subjective responses), and suggested a standard test method to evaluate the heat strain of firefighters in hot and humid environments.Practitioner summary: We reviewed studies on human wear trials of firefighting personal protective equipment (PPE) in hot environments and suggested a standard test method to evaluate the heat strain of firefighters. The test method can be internationally utilised to examine the comfort functions and heat stress of PPE in hot, humid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Tochihara
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Joo-Young Lee
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Graphene Research Center for Convergence Technology, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea
| | - Su-Young Son
- Department of Home Economics Education Teachers College, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ilham Bakri
- Industrial Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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41
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Sixtus RP, Berry MJ, Gray CL, Dyson RM. A novel whole-body thermal stress test for monitoring cardiovascular responses in Guinea pigs. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103500. [PMID: 37055107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Stress tests are frequently employed to expose early signs of cardiovascular dysfunction or disease and can be employed, for example, in the context of preterm birth. We aimed to establish a safe and effective thermal stress test to examine cardiovascular function. Guinea pigs were anaesthetized using a 0.8% isoflurane, 70% N2O mix. ECG, non-invasive blood pressure, laser Doppler flowmetry, respiratory rate, and an array of skin and rectal thermistors were applied. A physiologically relevant heating and a cooling thermal stress test was developed. Upper and lower thermal limits for core body temperature were set at 41.5 OC and 34 OC, for the safe recovery of animals. This protocol therefore presents a viable thermal stress test for use in guinea pig models of health and disease that facilitates exploration of whole-system cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Sixtus
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Mary J Berry
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Clint L Gray
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca M Dyson
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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42
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Silva AGD, Albuquerque MR, Brito CJ, Stroppa GM, Oliveira SAF, Sillero-Quintana M, Marins JCB. Effect of Whole-, Upper-, and Lower-Body High-Intensity Rowing Exercise on Skin Temperature Measured by Thermography. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:226-236. [PMID: 35323083 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1964696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Despite the growing works analyzing exercise-induced thermoregulatory adjustments through thermography, the skin temperature (Tsk) response of the same muscle groups underwent to different exercise demands has not been investigated. This study analyzed the behavior of Tsk of the same muscle groups when exercised with different demands in rowing. Methods: Eighteen men underwent three performance tests on a rowing ergometer: whole-body 2,000 m test (RTWB), upper-body (RTUB), and lower-body (RTLB) tests. In each condition, thermograms were recorded before (pre), immediately after test (post), and at 10 (REC10), 20 (REC20), and 30 (REC30) minutes post-exercise recovery. Tsk was measured at the pectoral (control body region), upper back, quadriceps, brachial biceps, and forearm. Results: Pectoral-Tsk reduced comparably in response to all testing conditions (p < .05). Upper back-Tsk decreased post (p < .001) and returned to baseline in the RTUB (REC10, p = 1.0) and RTWB (REC30, p = .128), while remained reduced in the RTLB (p < .001). Quadriceps-Tsk reduced post (p < .05) and returned to baseline in the RTWB and RTLB at REC10 (p = 1.0), remaining reduced in the RTUB during recovery (p < .05). Regarding the upper limbs, Tsk increased more markedly in the RTUB versus RTWB during the recovery period (p < .05); in the RTLB, biceps-Tsk remained below baseline over time (p < .05), whereas the forearm-Tsk was restored at REC10 (p = 1.0). Conclusion: Manipulating the muscle groups involved in rowing alters the Tsk response within equal ROI. Exercise-induced Tsk changes can reflect local hemodynamic and thermoregulatory adjustments.
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43
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Lu H, Aratake S, Naito H, Nogawa M, Nemoto T, Togawa T, Tanaka S. Development of a Core Body Thermometer Applicable for High-Temperature Environment Based on the Zero-Heat-Flux Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1970. [PMID: 36850568 PMCID: PMC9959565 DOI: 10.3390/s23041970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring core body temperature (CBT) allows observation of heat stress and thermal comfort in various environments. By introducing a Peltier element, we improved the zero-heat-flux core body thermometer for hot environments. In this study, we performed a theoretical analysis, designed a prototype probe, and evaluated its performance through simulator experiments with human subjects. The finite element analysis shows that our design can reduce the influence of external temperature variations by as much as 1%. In the simulator experiment, the prototype probe could measure deep temperatures within an error of less than 0.1 °C, regardless of outside temperature change. In the ergometer experiment with four subjects, the average difference between the prototype probe and a commercial zero-heat-flux probe was +0.1 °C, with a 95% LOA of -0.23 °C to +0.21 °C. In the dome sauna test, the results measured in six of the seven subjects exhibited the same trend as the reference temperature. These results show that the newly developed probe with the Peltier module can measure CBT accurately, even when the ambient temperature is higher than CBT up to 42 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzi Lu
- Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1164, Japan
| | - Shun Aratake
- Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1164, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1164, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nogawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu 923-0961, Japan
| | - Tetsu Nemoto
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Togawa
- Advanced Research Center for Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tanaka
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1164, Japan
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44
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Uddin J, McNeill DM, Phillips CJC. Infrared thermography as a tool for the measurement of negative emotions in dairy cows. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:219-231. [PMID: 36402916 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In commercial dairy cows, the conditions in which they are kept may lead to negative emotional states associated with the development of chronic physiological and behavioural abnormalities that may compromise their health, welfare and productivity. Such states include fear, stress or anxiety. Behavioural rather than physiological tests are more likely to be used to indicate these states but can be limited by their subjectivity, need for specialised infrastructure and training (of the operator and sometimes the animal) and the time-consuming nature of data collection. Popularly used physiological measures such as blood cortisol may be more appropriate for acute rather than chronic assessments but are easily confounded, for example by a response to the act of measurement per se. More sophisticated physiological measures such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) may be impractical due to cost and time and, like blood cortisol, have the confounding associated with the act of measurement. By contrast, infrared thermography of external body surfaces is remote, non-invasive, easily repeated and follows an objective methodology, allowing longitudinal data acquisition for the inference of changes in chronic emotional state over time. The objective of this review was to investigate the potential of infrared thermography to measure cow emotions. In lactating dairy cows, maximum IRT of the eyes and coronary band of the limbs seem to be most representative of thermoregulatory changes, which are repeatable and correlate with behavioural and physiological indicators of emotional state. IRT methodologies have the potential to become a fundamental tool for the objective assessment of welfare state in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jashim Uddin
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - David M McNeill
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - Clive J C Phillips
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonia University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Kent St., Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
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45
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Koumar OC, Beaufils R, Chesneau C, Normand H, Bessot N. Validation of e-Celsius gastrointestinal telemetry system as measure of core temperature. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103471. [PMID: 36796916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to validate gastrointestinal measurement with the e-Celsius® system composed of an ingestible electronic capsule and a monitor. Twenty-three healthy volunteers aged 18-59 years stayed at the hospital for 24 h under fasting conditions. They were only allowed for quiet activity and were asked to keep their sleeping habits. Subjects ingested a Jonah capsule and an e-Celsius® capsule, and a rectal probe and an esophageal probe were inserted. Mean temperature measured by the e-Celsius® device was lower than that measured by Vitalsense® (-0.12 ± 0.22°C; p < 0.001) and the rectal probe (-0.11 ± 0.03°C; p = 0.003) and higher than that measured by the esophageal probe (0.17 ± 0.05; p = 0.006). Mean difference (bias) and 95% confidence intervals between temperature of e-Celsius capsule, Vitalsense Jonah capsule, esophageal probe, and rectal probe were computed using Bland and Altman procedure. The magnitude of the measurement bias is significantly greater when comparing the e-Celsius® and the Vitalsense® device pair with any other device pairs containing the esophageal probe. Amplitude of confidence interval between the e-Celsius® system and the Vitalsense® system was 0.67°C. This amplitude was significantly lower than those of the esophageal probe-e-Celsius® pairing (0.83°C; p = 0.027), of the esophageal probe-Vitalsense (0.78°C; p = 0.046) and of the esophageal probe-rectal probe (0.83°C; p = 0.002). The statistical analysis did not reveal any effect of time on the amplitude of bias, whatever the device concerned. When comparing missing data rate of the e-Celsius® system (0.23 ± 0.15%) and the Vitalsense® devices (0.70 ± 0.11%) during the whole experiment, no differences was observed (p = 0.09). The e-Celsius® system could be used when a continuous following of internal temperature is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Koumar
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - R Beaufils
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - C Chesneau
- LMNO, CNRS, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, 14000, Caen, France
| | - H Normand
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - N Bessot
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France.
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46
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Daanen HAM, Kohlen V, Teunissen LPJ. Heat flux systems for body core temperature assessment during exercise. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103480. [PMID: 36796923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat flux systems are increasingly used to assess core body temperature. However, validation of multiple systems is scarce. Therefore, an experiment was performed in which three commercially available heat flux systems (3 M, Medisim and Core) were compared to rectal temperature (Tre). Five females and four males performed exercise in a climate chamber set at 18 °C/50% relative humidity until exhaustion. Exercise duration was 36.3 ± 5.6 min (mean ± standard deviation). Tre in rest was 37.2 ± 0.3 °C. Medisim's-values were lower than Tre (36.9 ± 0.4 °C, p < 0.05); 3 M (37.2 ± 0.1 °C) and Core's (37.4 ± 0.3 °C) did not differ from Tre. Maximal temperatures after exercise were 38.4 ± 0.2 °C (Tre), 38.0 ± 0.4 °C (3 M), 38.8 ± 0.3 °C (Medisim) and 38.6 ± 0.3 °C (Core); Medisim was significantly higher than Tre (p < 0.05). The temperature profiles of the heat flux systems during exercise differed to varying degree from the rectal profiles; the Medisim system showed a faster increase during exercise than Tre (0.48 ± 0.25 °C in 20 min, p < 0.05), the Core system tended to show a systematic overestimation during the entire exercise period and the 3 M system showed large errors at the end of exercise, likely due to sweat entering the sensor. Therefore, the interpretation of heat flux sensor values as core body temperature estimates should be done with care; more research is required to elucidate the physiological significance of the generated temperature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein A M Daanen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Veerle Kohlen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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47
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Sen J, Mondal T, Grewal N, Jana J, Roy D, Nag PK. Human skin thermography—a descriptive analysis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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48
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Itakura DA, Nakato AM, Hembecker PK, Neves EB, Nohama P. Thermal changes in the sacral region with different mattresses used in the prevention of pressure injuries. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103366. [PMID: 36462883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure Injury (PI) is a severe health problem that affects millions of people. As a preventive strategy for high-risk ICU patients, the appropriate selection of a support surface is essential for preventing PI, along with risk assessment and repositioning. Increasing skin temperature has been associated with a higher susceptibility to PI development. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate thermal variations related to skin pressure in the sacral area of healthy individuals lying on three different mattresses models (standard, inflatable air, and egg crate). DESIGN Experimental study. MAIN OUTCOMES Initially, a survey was performed to identify the mattresses models most used in four public university hospitals and preventive strategies adopted. And then, an experimental study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample involving 28 individuals of both sexes, aged 18-35 years old. The volunteers were immobilized for 2 h, and temperature variations in the sacral region were obtained by acquiring thermal images. RESULTS A significant difference was not found in the temperature recorded on the three mattresses models before the experiment. However, there were significant differences at the 1st and 31st minute (p < 0.001). The lowest temperature values were identified in the air inflatable mattress. Post-hoc comparisons revealed a significant difference between standard or egg crate mattresses and the inflatable air model. CONCLUSION The inflatable air mattress should be considered for preventing pressure injury in ICU patients since the temperature had returned to the initial value (pre-test) after the 31st min. In addition to the appropriate selection surface, risk assessment and positioning are essential to PI prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Akemi Itakura
- Graduate Program in Health Technology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Brazil.
| | - Adriane Muller Nakato
- Graduate Program in Health Technology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Brazil.
| | - Paula Karina Hembecker
- Graduate Program in Health Technology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Borba Neves
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Brazil.
| | - Percy Nohama
- Graduate Program in Health Technology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Brazil.
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49
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Kominami K, Sato K, Takahashi N. Relationship between body composition indices and changes in body temperature due to hot pack use. J Physiol Anthropol 2022; 41:40. [DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hot pack application is used to reduce pain and muscle stiffness at the treated site. However, the effects of hot pack application on the whole body have not been clarified. We investigated the relationship between body composition indices and the hot pack-induced increase in body temperature.
Methods
We recruited 17 healthy men (age, 22.0 ± 3.3 years) who participated in the study on five different days and applied “dry” hot packs at four different sites (the most frequently used sites): right shoulder, lower back, both popliteal areas, and lower back plus popliteal areas. The study protocol involved the measurement of body composition followed by 10 min of bed rest, 15 min of warming with a hot pack, and 20 min of subsequent rest. Heart rate and body temperature were measured continuously, and blood pressure was recorded at 5-min intervals. Body temperature was measured at the right upper arm, precordium, abdomen, lumbus, right hallux, right femur, and right auditory canal.
Results
Skin temperature increased significantly at and near the hot pack application site, but this finding showed no relationship with body composition indices. The warmability distal to the application site was negatively correlated with the body water content index. The auditory canal temperature did not change in any of the sessions.
Conclusions
Hot pack usage alone did not increase the deep-body temperature and only increased the temperature around the application area. Moreover, higher body water content may allow for easier dissipation of heat from the peripheral extremities.
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50
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Pires BV, Freitas AC, Klein JL, de Melo TP, Stafuzza NB, de Paz CCP. Meta-analysis and meta-regression of core body temperature in taurine and zebuine cattle under different environmental conditions. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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