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Khalifeh DM, Czeglédi L, Gulyas G. Investigating the potential role of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in regulating the ubiquitin signaling pathway in poultry. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 356:114577. [PMID: 38914296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The physiological processes in animal production are regulated through biologically active molecules like peptides, proteins, and hormones identified through the development of the fundamental sciences and their application. One of the main polypeptides that plays an essential role in regulating physiological responses is the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). PACAP belongs to the glucagon/growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)/vasoactive intestinal proteins (VIP) family and regulates feed intake, stress, and immune response in birds. Most of these regulations occur after PACAP stimulates the cAMP signaling pathway, which can regulate the expression of genes like MuRF1, FOXO1, Atrogin 1, and other ligases that are essential members of the ubiquitin system. On the other hand, PACAP stimulates the secretion of CRH in response to stress, activating the ubiquitin signaling pathway that plays a vital role in protein degradation and regulates oxidative stress and immune responses. Many studies conducted on rodents, mammals, and other models confirm the regulatory effects of PACAP, cAMP, and the ubiquitin pathway; however, there are no studies testing whether PACAP-induced cAMP signaling in poultry regulates the ubiquitin pathway. Besides, it would be interesting to investigate if PACAP can regulate ubiquitin signaling during stress response via CRH altered by HPA axis stimulation. Therefore, this review highlights a summary of research studies that indicate the potential interaction of the PACAP and ubiquitin signaling pathways on different molecular and physiological parameters in poultry species through the cAMP and stress signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Mohamad Khalifeh
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, Debrecen 4032 Hungary; Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, Debrecen 4032 Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gulyas
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, Debrecen 4032 Hungary
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Egbuniwe IC, Akogwu MS, Obetta TU. Mechanisms underlying reproductive responses of Japanese quails to heat stress conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00484-024-02742-1. [PMID: 39075280 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to heat stress can cause a significant increase in the death rate and disease susceptibility of poultry birds, ultimately impacting the profitability of the poultry industry. Despite being a more economical choice, Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) are not immune to the harmful effects of heat stress. Quails may experience negative effects on their reproductive performance due to excessive reactive molecules caused by heat stress. However, they have developed various mechanisms to maintain their reproductive abilities in such conditions. The neuroendocrine system in birds plays a vital role in regulating their reproductive responses to thermal stress, and it is also connected to other environmental factors such as photoperiod that can impact their reproductive performance. Hormones are crucial in the complex interactions necessary for sexual maturation and reproductive responses to heat stress in Japanese quails living in stressful thermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martins Steven Akogwu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Ugochukwu Obetta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Huang Y, Lei Y, Gong Z, Wang Y, Li M, Zhao D, Song L. Feeding Eucommia ulmoides extract enhances protection against high-temperature stress in chicks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103827. [PMID: 38801811 PMCID: PMC11150962 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chick's susceptibility to heat stress often leads to growth retardation, immune function impairment, disease, and mortality. This thesis explores the potential ameliorative effect of 0.8% Eucommia ulmoides extract (EUE) into the diet of heat-stressed chicks in a 15-d feeding trial. The investigation reveals that feeding EUE significantly enhances the BW, ADG, AFI, and F/G of chicks experiencing heat stress. Additionally, the EUE groups exhibited higher levels of T-AOC (at 7 and 15d), SOD (at 15 d), GSH-Px (at 15 d), as well as lower MDA concentrations (at 7 and 15d) in chick serum. Pathological changes and H&E staining revealed that EUE effectively improved tissue damage in the duodenum, heart, and stomach induced by heat stress in the chicks. The EUE groups also showed higher levels of IgA (at 7 d), IgG and IgM (at 7 and 15 d). RNA-seq and WGCNA analysis revealed that EUE mitigates cellular damage and losses in heat-stressed chicks primarily through pathways involving signal transduction, protein synthesis and degradation, as well as cell cycle regulation, particularly the latter. This investigation serves as a fundamental and cognitive framework for the development and application of Eucommia ulmoides feed additives aimed at safeguarding the well-being of chicks in adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China
| | - Yue Lei
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crops, Xingyi, Guizhou Province 562400, China
| | - Zouxian Gong
- Clinical Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550004, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China
| | - Minxue Li
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Shuicheng District, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province 553040, China
| | - Degang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550006, China
| | - Li Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China.
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4
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Kuehu DL, Fu Y, Nasu M, Yang H, Khadka VS, Deng Y. Use of Microalgae-Derived Astaxanthin to Improve Cytoprotective Capacity in the Ileum of Heat-Induced Oxidative Stressed Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1932. [PMID: 38998041 PMCID: PMC11240551 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract has a pivotal role in nutrient absorption, immune function, and overall homeostasis. The ileum segment of the small intestine plays respective roles in nutrient breakdown and absorption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of heat-induced oxidative stress and the potential mitigating effects of an astaxanthin antioxidant treatment on the ileum of broilers. By comparing the growth performance and gene expression profiles among three groups-thermal neutral, heat stress, and heat stress with astaxanthin-thermal neutral temperature conditions of 21-22 °C and heat stress temperature of 32-35 °C, this research aims to elucidate the role of astaxanthin in supporting homeostasis and cellular protection in the ileum. Results showed both treatments under heat stress experienced reduced growth performance, while the group treated with astaxanthin showed a slightly lesser decline. Results further showed the astaxanthin treatment group significantly upregulated in the cytoprotective gene expression for HSF2, SOD2, GPX3, and TXN, as well as the upregulation of epithelial integrity genes LOX, CLDN1, and MUC2. In conclusion, our experimental findings demonstrate upregulation of cytoprotective and epithelial integrity genes, suggesting astaxanthin may effectively enhance the cellular response to heat stress to mitigate oxidative damage and contribute to cytoprotective capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Lee Kuehu
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (D.L.K.); (Y.F.); (M.N.); (H.Y.); (V.S.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (D.L.K.); (Y.F.); (M.N.); (H.Y.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Masaki Nasu
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (D.L.K.); (Y.F.); (M.N.); (H.Y.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Hua Yang
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (D.L.K.); (Y.F.); (M.N.); (H.Y.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Vedbar S. Khadka
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (D.L.K.); (Y.F.); (M.N.); (H.Y.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Youping Deng
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (D.L.K.); (Y.F.); (M.N.); (H.Y.); (V.S.K.)
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Aruwa CE, Sabiu S. Interplay of poultry-microbiome interactions - influencing factors and microbes in poultry infections and metabolic disorders. Br Poult Sci 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38920059 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2356666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
1. The poultry microbiome and its stability at every point in time, either free range or reared under different farming systems, is affected by several environmental and innate factors. The interaction of the poultry birds with their microbiome, as well as several inherent and extraneous factors contribute to the microbiome dynamics. A poor understanding of this could worsen poultry heath and result in disease/metabolic disorders.2. Many diseased states associated with poultry have been linked to dysbiosis state, where the microbiome experiences some perturbation. Dysbiosis itself is too often downplayed; however, it is considered a disease which could lead to more serious conditions in poultry. The management of interconnected factors by conventional and emerging technologies (sequencing, nanotechnology, robotics, 3D mini-guts) could prove to be indispensable in ensuring poultry health and welfare.3. Findings showed that high-throughput technological advancements enhanced scientific insights into emerging trends surrounding the poultry gut microbiome and ecosystem, the dysbiotic condition, and the dynamic roles of intrinsic and exogenous factors in determining poultry health. Yet, a combination of conventional, -omics based and other techniques further enhance characterisation of key poultry microbiome actors, their mechanisms of action, and roles in maintaining gut homoeostasis and health, in a bid to avert metabolic disorders and infections.4. In conclusion, there is an important interplay of innate, environmental, abiotic and biotic factors impacting on poultry gut microbiome homoeostasis, dysbiosis, and overall health. Associated infections and metabolic disorders can result from the interconnected nature of these factors. Emerging concepts (interkingdom or network signalling and neurotransmitter), and future technologies (mini-gut models, cobots) need to include these interactions to ensure accurate control and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Aruwa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - S Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Wang D, Ji X, Jiang B, Yuan Y, Liang B, Sun S, Zhu L, Liu J, Guo X, Yin Y, Sun Y. Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli Carried by Migratory Birds on the Inner Mongolia Plateau of Northern China from 2018 to 2023. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1076. [PMID: 38930458 PMCID: PMC11205581 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an urgent global threat to public health. Migratory birds can acquire antibiotic-resistant and pathogenic bacteria from the environment or through contact with each other and spread them over long distances. The objectives of this study were to explore the relationship between migratory birds and the transmission of drug-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli. (2) Methods: Faeces and swab samples from migratory birds were collected for isolating E. coli on the Inner Mongolia Plateau of northern China from 2018 to 2023. The resistant phenotypes and spectra of isolates were determined using a BD Phoenix 100 System. Conjugation assays were performed on extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, and the genomes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and ESBL-producing isolates were sequenced and analysed. (3) Results: Overall, 179 isolates were antibiotic-resistant, with 49.7% MDR and 14.0% ESBL. Plasmids were successfully transferred from 32% of ESBL-producing strains. Genome sequencing analysis of 91 MDR E. coli strains identified 57 acquired resistance genes of 13 classes, and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli and avian pathogenic E. coli accounted for 26.4% and 9.9%, respectively. There were 52 serotypes and 54 sequence types (STs), including ST48 (4.4%), ST69 (4.4%), ST131 (2.2%) and ST10 (2.2%). The international high-risk clonal strains ST131 and ST10 primarily carried blaCTX-M-27 and blaTEM-176. (4) Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant virulent E. coli in migratory birds on the Inner Mongolian Plateau. This indicates a risk of intercontinental transmission from migratory birds to livestock and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China;
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Xue Ji
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Shiwen Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Lingwei Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
| | - Yuhe Yin
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Yang Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130121, China; (X.J.); (B.J.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (X.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130121, China
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7
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Liu Y, Fan G, Zhang G, Xiong Y, Li H. Heat shock protein 90 and prolyl hydroxylase 2 co-regulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in porcine small intestinal epithelial cells under heat stress. J Therm Biol 2024; 122:103881. [PMID: 38870755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) poses a substantial threat to animal growth and development, resulting in declining performance and economic losses. The intestinal system is susceptible to HS and undergoes intestinal hyperthermia and pathological hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a key player in cellular hypoxic adaptation, is influenced by prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). However, the comprehensive regulation of HIF-1α in the HS intestine remains unclear. This study aims to explore the impact of HS on pig intestinal mucosa and the regulatory mechanism of HIF-1α. Twenty-four Congjiang Xiang pigs were divided into the control and five HS-treated groups (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h). Ambient temperature and humidity were maintained in a thermally-neutral state (temperature-humidity index (THI) < 74) in the control group, whereas the HS group experienced moderate HS (78 < THI <84). Histological examination revealed villus exfoliation after 12 h of HS in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, with increasing damage as HS duration extended. The villus height to crypt depth ratio (V/C) decreased and goblet cell number increased with prolonged HS. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis indicated increased expression of HIF-1α and HSP90 in the small intestine with prolonged HS, whereas PHD2 expression decreased. Further investigation in IPEC-J2 cells subjected to HS revealed that overexpressing PHD2 increased PHD2 mRNA and protein expression, while it decreases HIF-1α. Conversely, interfering with HSP90 expression substantially decreased both HSP90 and HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that HS induces intestinal hypoxia with concomitant small intestinal mucosal damage. The expression of HIF-1α in HS-treated intestinal epithelial cells may be co-regulated by HSP90 and PHD2 and is possibly linked to intestinal hyperthermia and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Gao Fan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Yanling Xiong
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550000, China.
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8
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Rzymski P, Gwenzi W, Poniedziałek B, Mangul S, Fal A. Climate warming, environmental degradation and pollution as drivers of antibiotic resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123649. [PMID: 38402936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge to public health, but human-caused environmental changes have not been widely recognized as its drivers. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the relationships between environmental degradation and antibiotic resistance, demonstrating that the former can potentially fuel the latter with significant public health outcomes. We describe that (i) global warming favors horizontal gene transfer, bacterial infections, the spread of drug-resistant pathogens due to water scarcity, and the release of resistance genes with wastewater; (ii) pesticide and metal pollution act as co-selectors of antibiotic resistance mechanisms; (iii) microplastics create conditions promoting and spreading antibiotic resistance and resistant bacteria; (iv) changes in land use, deforestation, and environmental pollution reduce microbial diversity, a natural barrier to antibiotic resistance spread. We argue that management of antibiotic resistance must integrate environmental goals, including mitigation of further increases in the Earth's surface temperature, better qualitative and quantitative protection of water resources, strengthening of sewage infrastructure and improving wastewater treatment, counteracting the microbial diversity loss, reduction of pesticide and metal emissions, and plastic use, and improving waste recycling. These actions should be accompanied by restricting antibiotic use only to clinically justified situations, developing novel treatments, and promoting prophylaxis. It is pivotal for health authorities and the medical community to adopt the protection of environmental quality as a part of public health measures, also in the context of antibiotic resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe; Alexander von Humboldt Fellow and Guest Professor, Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universität Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany; Alexander von Humboldt Fellow and Guest Professor, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Barbara Poniedziałek
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Serghei Mangul
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrzej Fal
- Department of Allergy, Lung Diseases and Internal Medicine Central Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Interior, Warsaw, Poland; Collegium Medicum, Warsaw Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Mahasneh ZMH, Abuajamieh M, Abedal-Majed MA, Al-Qaisi M, Abdelqader A, Al-Fataftah ARA. Effects of medical plants on alleviating the effects of heat stress on chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103391. [PMID: 38242055 PMCID: PMC10828596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, global climate change has led to a significant increase in the average ambient temperature causing heat stress (HS) waves. This increase has resulted in more frequent heat waves during the summer periods. HS can have detrimental effects on poultry, including growth retardation, imbalance in immune/antioxidant pathways, inflammation, intestinal dysfunction, and economic losses in the poultry industry. Therefore, it is crucial to find an effective, safe, applicable, and economically efficient method for reducing these negative influences. Medicinal plants (MPs) contain various bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Due to the biological activities of MPs, it could be used as promising thermotolerance agents in poultry diets during HS conditions. Nutritional supplementation with MPs has been shown to improve growth performance, antioxidant status, immunity, and intestinal health in heat-exposed chickens. As a result, several types of herbs have been supplemented to mitigate the harmful effects of heat stress in chickens. Therefore, several types of herbs have been supplemented to mitigate the harmful effects of heat stress in chickens. This review aims to discuss the negative consequences of HS in poultry and explore the use of different traditional MPs to enhance the health status of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab M H Mahasneh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Mohannad Abuajamieh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohamed A Abedal-Majed
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohmmad Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Anas Abdelqader
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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10
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Jiménez T, Peña-Villalobos I, Arcila J, Del Basto F, Palma V, Sabat P. The effects of urban thermal heterogeneity and feather coloration on oxidative stress and metabolism of pigeons (Columba livia). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169564. [PMID: 38142996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization stands out as a significant anthropogenic factor, exerting selective pressures on ecosystems and biotic components. A notable outcome of urbanization is thermal heterogeneity where the emergence of Urban Heat Islands is characterized by elevated air and surface temperatures compared to adjacent rural areas. Investigating the influence of thermal heterogeneity on urban animals could offer insights into how temperature variations can lead to phenotypic shifts. Urban pigeons (Columba livia) serve as an excellent model for studying urban thermal effects, given the melanism variations, which are associated with the pleiotropy of the melanocortin system. To examine the development of physiological plasticity in response to urban thermal variations, we conducted a study on pigeons in Santiago, Chile, during the rainy season. We assessed the influence of habitat on physiological traits related to metabolism and antioxidant capacities, which are theoretically affected by feather coloration. Our findings reveal that variations in melanism significantly impact pigeon physiology, affecting both antioxidant capacities and the mitochondrial activity of red blood cells. It was found that higher urban temperatures, from both the current sampling month and the prior sampling month (from CRU TS dataset), were negatively and strongly associated with lower antioxidant and metabolic activities. This suggests that elevated urban temperatures likely benefit the energetic budgets of pigeon populations and mitigate the negative effects of oxidative metabolism, with differential effects depending on feather colorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isaac Peña-Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Javiera Arcila
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Del Basto
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi)
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11
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Persson E, Ó Cuív C, Nord A. Thermoregulatory consequences of growing up during a heatwave or a cold snap in Japanese quail. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246876. [PMID: 38073475 PMCID: PMC10906667 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Changes in environmental temperature during development can affect growth, metabolism and temperature tolerance of the offspring. We know little about whether such changes remain to adulthood, which is important to understand the links between climate change, development and fitness. We investigated whether phenotypic consequences of the thermal environment in early life remained in adulthood in two studies on Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Birds were raised under simulated heatwave, cold snap or control conditions, from hatching until halfway through the growth period, and then in common garden conditions until reproductively mature. We measured biometric and thermoregulatory [metabolic heat production (MHP), evaporative water and heat loss (EWL, EHL) and body temperature] responses to variation in submaximal air temperature at the end of the thermal acclimation period and in adulthood. Warm birds had lower MHP than control birds at the end of the thermal acclimation period and, in the warmest temperature studied (40°C), also had higher evaporative cooling capacity compared with controls. No analogous responses were recorded in cold birds, although they had higher EWL than controls in all but the highest test temperature. None of the effects found at the end of the heatwave or cold snap period remained until adulthood. This implies that chicks exposed to higher temperatures could be more prepared to counter heat stress as juveniles but that they do not enjoy any advantages of such developmental conditions when facing high temperatures as adults. Conversely, cold temperature does not seem to confer any priming effects in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Persson
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ciarán Ó Cuív
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Nord
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
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12
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Tran HL, Chen YS, Hung HW, Shih BL, Lee TY, Yen CH, Lin JB. Diet Supplementation with Prinsepiae Nux Extract in Broiler Chickens: Its Effect on Growth Performance and Expression of Antioxidant, Pro-Inflammatory, and Heat Shock Protein Genes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:73. [PMID: 38200804 PMCID: PMC10778437 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress significantly undermines the poultry industry by escalating rates of morbidity and mortality and impairing growth performance. Our recent findings indicate that Prinsepiae Nux extract (PNE) effectively stimulates the Nrf2 signaling pathway, a vital element in cellular antioxidant stress responses. This study further explores the prospective benefits of supplementing PNE into poultry feed to enhance broiler growth in heat-stressed conditions. An Nrf2-luciferase reporter assay was developed in a chicken fibroblast cell line, demonstrating that PNE induces Nrf2 activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Real-time RT-PCR results showed that PNE intensifies the expression of Nrf2-responsive targets such as Ho1 and Nqo1 in chicken fibroblasts. A total of 160 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four groups, each receiving a basal diet supplemented with either 0% (control), 0.1% PNE, 1% PNE, or commercial electrolyte for 35 days. Broilers were raised in an environment where the ambient temperature exceeded 30 °C for approximately seven hours each day, fluctuating between 26 and 34 °C, which is known to induce mild heat stress. The findings reveal that a 1% PNE supplement led to a significant decrease in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group. Moreover, chickens supplemented with 1% PNE exhibited a substantial increase in hepatic mRNA expression of antioxidant genes, such as Nqo1, Gclc, Sod2, Cat, and heat shock protein-related genes including Hsp90 and Hsf1, and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes Il-6 and Il-1β. Consequently, PNE holds potential as a feed supplement to strengthen the antioxidant defenses of broilers and build heat stress resilience in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Loan Tran
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Siao Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - His-Wen Hung
- Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ling Shih
- Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Lee
- Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Bin Lin
- Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan City 71246, Taiwan
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Abare MY, Rahayu S, Tugiyanti E. Review: The role of heat shock proteins in chicken: Insights into stress adaptation and health. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105057. [PMID: 37864906 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
This review article aimed to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the function of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in chicken physiology, stress response, and overall poultry health. With the increasing challenges faced by the livestock industry, particularly the poultry sector, due to climate change-induced high ambient temperatures, heat stress (HS) has become a critical concern. HS disrupts the thermal balance in poultry, leading to detrimental effects on growth, immune function, and overall health. HSPs play a pivotal role in mitigating the impacts of HS in chickens. These molecular chaperones are involved in protein folding, unfolding, and assembly, and they are classified into several families based on their size, including small molecule HSPs, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP110. By maintaining cellular homeostasis and promoting stress tolerance, HSPs act as vital guardians in helping chickens cope with HS and its associated consequences. The review synthesized relevant literature to shed light on the importance of HSPs in stress adaptation, cellular homeostasis, and the maintenance of normal cell metabolism in chickens. The adverse effects of HS on chickens include oxidative stress and compromised immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. So also, HS negatively affects production performance and meat quality in poultry. Understanding the functions of HSPs in chickens offers valuable insights into stress adaptation and health, and could potentially lead to the identification of HSP biomarkers, genetic selection for heat tolerance, investigations into the interplay between HSPs and immune function, and the development of nutritional interventions to enhance HSP activity. By exploring these potential research directions, the review aimed to contribute to the development of novel approaches to mitigate the negative effects of HS on poultry, ultimately improving productivity and animal welfare in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yakubu Abare
- Departmenmt of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate, Jendral Soedirman University, Dr. Suparno Street, Karangwangkal, Puwokerto, Central Java 53122, Indonesia.
| | - Sri Rahayu
- Faculty of Animal Science, Jendral Soedirman University, Dr. Suparno Street, Karangwangkal, Puwokerto, Central Java 53122, Indonesia.
| | - Elly Tugiyanti
- Faculty of Animal Science, Jendral Soedirman University, Dr. Suparno Street, Karangwangkal, Puwokerto, Central Java 53122, Indonesia.
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14
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Uyanga VA, Bello SF, Qian X, Chao N, Li H, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. Transcriptomics analysis unveils key potential genes associated with brain development and feeding behavior in the hypothalamus of L-citrulline-fed broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103136. [PMID: 37844531 PMCID: PMC10585647 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High ambient temperature is a major environmental stressor affecting poultry production, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Nutritional interventions have been adopted to combat thermal stress in poultry, including the use of amino acids. L-citrulline is a nonessential amino acid that is involved in nitric oxide generation and thermoregulation, however, the molecular mechanisms behind L-citrulline's regulation of body temperature are still unascertained. This study investigated the global gene expression in the hypothalamus of chickens fed either basal diet or L-citrulline-supplemented diets under different housing temperatures. Ross 308 broilers were fed with basal diet (CON) or 1% L-citrulline diet (LCT) from day-old, and later subjected to 2 environmental temperatures in a 2 by 2 factorial arrangement as follows; basal diet-fed chickens housed at 24°C (CON-TN); L-citrulline diet-fed chickens housed at 24°C (LCT-TN); basal diet-fed chickens housed at 35°C (CON-HS), and L-citrulline diet-fed chickens housed at 35°C (LCT-HS) from 22 to 42 d of age. At 42-days old, hypothalamic tissues were collected for mRNA analyses and RNA sequencing. A total of 1,019 million raw reads were generated and about 82.59 to 82.96% were uniquely mapped to genes. The gene ontology (GO) term between the CON-TN and LCT-TN groups revealed significant enrichments of pathways such as central nervous system development, and Wnt signaling pathway. On the other hand, GO terms between the CON-HS and LCT-HS groups revealed enrichments in the regulation of corticosteroid release, regulation of feeding behavior, and regulation of inflammatory response. Several potential candidate genes were identified to be responsible for central nervous system development (EMX2, WFIKKN2, SLC6A4 Wnt10a, and PHOX2B), and regulation of feed intake (NPY, AgRP, GAL, POMC, and NMU) in chickens. Therefore, this study unveils that L-citrulline can influence transcripts associated with brain development, feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and thermoregulation in chickens raised under different ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Semiu Folaniyi Bello
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Qian
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Ning Chao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Haifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Okanlawon M Onagbesan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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15
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El-Kholy MS, El-Mekkawy MM, Madkour M, Abd El-Azeem N, Di Cerbo A, Mohamed LA, Alagawany M, Selim DA. The role of different dietary Zn sources in modulating heat stress-related effects on some thermoregulatory parameters of New Zealand white rabbit bucks. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1273-1282. [PMID: 34941468 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2019757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present work was conducted to assess the effect of diets supplementation to heat-stressed buck rabbits with different zinc (Zn) sources on the thermoregulatory and hematobiochemical parameters, and antioxidant status. A total of 24 mature buck rabbits (32-36 weeks of age) were randomly distributed into four groups (6 each). Group 1, non-heat-stressed control (NHSC), was reared in the absence of heat stress (HS) conditions and received the basal diet only. The other three groups (groups 2, 3 and 4) were kept in HS conditions. Group 2, heat-stressed control (HSC), received the basal diet only. The diet supplemented with 75 mg Zn/kg diet either in the inorganic form (Zn sulfate) or in the organic form (Zn picolinate) for groups 3 and 4, respectively. Zn supplementation to rabbits' diets lowered the heat stress-related increase of serum urea, alanine transaminase and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. These supplementations also increased the concentration of testosterone under HS conditions. Zn picolinate was more effective than Zn sulfate in restoring serum concentrations of urea, testosterone, and MDA. In conclusion, Zn addition to rabbits' diets from different sources, especially Zn picolinate, exhibits an ameliorative effect against the harmful impact of HS on hematobiochemical parameters and antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S El-Kholy
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Mekkawy
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | | | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Laila A Mohamed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Poultry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Dina A Selim
- Faculty of Agriculture, Poultry and Fish Production Department, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom, Egypt
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16
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Mohamed LA, Elsayed AAM, Abol-Ela SS, Askar AA, Alagawany M. Productive performance, lipid profile, immunity, and antioxidant parameters of quail breeders fed low protein diets supplemented with different zinc sources. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1737-1744. [PMID: 35294317 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2047992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to study the impact of low-CP protein diets with different sources of zinc (zinc oxide-ZnO and zinc methionine-Zn-Met) on performance, lipid profile, immune and antioxidant parameters of quail breeders. A total number of 216 Japanese quail at 8 weeks of age were randomly distributed into nine (3 × 3) groups, with four replicates, each of six quails (four females and two males). Quails were fed three levels of CP (16, 18, and 20%) and three sources of Zn (0, 0.1 g ZnO, and 0.1 g Zn-Met/kg diets). No significant differences in daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and egg mass are due to the main effect of protein levels or zinc sources at all ages. Dietary CP (16 and 20%) in growing quail diets increased SOD and GSH, while IgG levels were improved by 18%. Finally, it can be recommended that 16% CP and zinc source (Zn-Met or ZnO) can maintain egg mass, as well as lipid profile, immunological and antioxidant parameters in Japanese quails breeders. This level (16% CP) is enough during the production stage and a valuable way for mitigating ammonia pollution and reducing feeding costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila A Mohamed
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aya A M Elsayed
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Salah S Abol-Ela
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali A Askar
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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17
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Jinxue D, Shiang S, Kai S, Yongjie X, Shaojun H. Sex-based responses of heat stress and subsequent recovery on the growth performance, metabolic changes, and redox status of broilers at market age. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:1669-1677. [PMID: 37480374 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
This experiment investigated the sex responses of heat stress (HS) and subsequent recovery on growth performance, serum metabolic parameters, and redox status. Two hundred 38-day-old broilers were arranged in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 (temperatures and sexes) factorial arrangement in five replicates. Broilers were raised at 24 ± 1 °C or 32 ± 1 °C for 3 days and returned to 24 °C for 2 days. The study showed that HS decreased both average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), serum total glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (T-SOD). However, it increased feed conversion ratio (FCR), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the protein carbonyl group (PCG). Male broilers had higher ADFI, ADG, lactic acid (LA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and PCG, but lower FCR, albumin, total antioxidant capacity, T-SOD, and GPx. Temperature and sex significantly interacted with ADFI, ADG, LA, and HDL-C. The effects of HS on RR, RT, glucose, albumin, BUN, PCG, T-SOD, and GPx recovered after 2 days. These results indicate that HS and subsequent recovery affect growth performance, which is accompanied by disturbances in serum nutrient metabolism and abnormalities in redox function and manifested by temporal and gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Jinxue
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Sun Shiang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Song Kai
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Xiong Yongjie
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - He Shaojun
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China.
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Dosu G, Obanla TO, Zhang S, Sang S, Adetunji AO, Fahrenholz AC, Ferket PR, Nagabhushanam K, Fasina YO. Supplementation of ginger root extract into broiler chicken diet: effects on growth performance and immunocompetence. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102897. [PMID: 37562125 PMCID: PMC10432838 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginger contains bioactive compounds that possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. In this study, 432-day-old Ross 708 broiler male chicks were randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatments to investigate the effect of ginger root extract (GRE) on immunocompetence and growth performance to 6 wk of age. Treatment 1 (CON) consisted of chicks fed a corn-soybean meal (SBM), a base diet without GRE. Treatment 2 (MX) chicks were given basal diets containing bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) at 0.055 g/kg. Treatments 3 (GRE-0.375%), 4 (GRE-0.75%), 5 (GRE-1.5%), and 6 (GRE-3%) were fed similar diet to control with GRE supplemented at 0.375%, 0.75%, 1.5%, and 3%, respectively. Moreover, HPLC analysis of GRE was carried out to determine the concentration of bioactive compounds found in GRE. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicate pens with 12 chicks/pen. Bodyweight (BW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. Results show that the concentration of bioactive compounds increased with increasing GRE supplementation. Likewise, dietary GRE supplementation did not have any detrimental effect on growth performance parameters up to 1.5%, as values for BWG was not different from CON and MX; however, 3% GRE had the poorest FCR and a lower BWG as compared to other treatments. On d 27 and d 41, fecal and cecal concentrations of total bacteria count (TBC), Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus spp., and Bifidobacterium spp enumerated using selective plating media showed that GRE supplementation significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the amount of TBC and E. coli but increased the number of beneficial microorganisms such as Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. On d 20, no significant differences were observed (P > 0.05) among all treatments for antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus and total IgY antibodies; however, on d 27, GRE-0.75% had the highest value for both immune indicators and was not different from MX. Dietary supplementation of GRE up to 1.5% enhanced the immune system and suppressed E. coli while promoting the growth of healthy bacteria, without any detrimental effect on growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Dosu
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Temitayo O Obanla
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, Kannapolis, NC 28080, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, Kannapolis, NC 28080, USA
| | - Adedeji O Adetunji
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Adam C Fahrenholz
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Peter R Ferket
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Yewande O Fasina
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
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Onagbesan OM, Uyanga VA, Oso O, Tona K, Oke OE. Alleviating heat stress effects in poultry: updates on methods and mechanisms of actions. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1255520. [PMID: 37841463 PMCID: PMC10569619 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1255520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is a threat that can lead to significant financial losses in the production of poultry in the world's tropical and arid regions. The degree of heat stress (mild, moderate, severe) experienced by poultry depends mainly on thermal radiation, humidity, the animal's thermoregulatory ability, metabolic rate, age, intensity, and duration of the heat stress. Contemporary commercial broiler chickens have a rapid metabolism, which makes them produce higher heat and be prone to heat stress. The negative effect of heat stress on poultry birds' physiology, health, production, welfare, and behaviors are reviewed in detail in this work. The appropriate mitigation strategies for heat stress in poultry are equally explored in this review. Interestingly, each of these strategies finds its applicability at different stages of a poultry's lifecycle. For instance, gene mapping prior to breeding and genetic selection during breeding are promising tools for developing heat-resistant breeds. Thermal conditioning during embryonic development or early life enhances the ability of birds to tolerate heat during their adult life. Nutritional management such as dietary manipulations, nighttime feeding, and wet feeding often, applied with timely and effective correction of environmental conditions have been proven to ameliorate the effect of heat stress in chicks and adult birds. As long as the climatic crises persist, heat stress may continue to require considerable attention; thus, it is imperative to explore the current happenings and pay attention to the future trajectory of heat stress effects on poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oluwadamilola Oso
- Centre of Excellence in Avian Sciences, University of Lome, Lomé, Togo
| | - Kokou Tona
- Centre of Excellence in Avian Sciences, University of Lome, Lomé, Togo
| | - Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Tantiyasawasdikul V, Chomchuen K, Loengbudnark W, Chankitisakul V, Boonkum W. Comparative study and relationship analysis between purine content, uric acid, superoxide dismutase, and growth traits in purebred and crossbred Thai native chickens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1263829. [PMID: 37818389 PMCID: PMC10560991 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1263829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to compare and analyze the relationship between growth, purine content, uric acid, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in purebred and crossbred Thai native chickens. A total of 300 Thai native chickens were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was purebred Thai native chickens (100%TN), Group 2 was 50% Thai native chickens (50%TN), and Group 3 was 25% Thai native chickens (25%TN). Data included the body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and breast circumference (BrC). At 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age, 10 chickens from each group were randomly euthanized to collect breast meat, liver, and blood samples to analyze the purine content consisting of total purine, adenine, guanine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine, and uric acid, in breast meat and liver and SOD in blood. A general linear model, Pearson correlation and principal component analysis were used to analyze the significant differences and relationship between variables. The results showed the 25%TN group had the highest growth traits at every age, while the 100%TN group had the lowest (p < 0.05). Consistent with the analysis results of purine values, purine content and uric acid in breast meat and liver and SOD in blood decreased with age (p < 0.05). The correlations between purine content (total purine, adenine, guanine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine) and growth traits (BW, ADG, and BrC) ranged from moderate negative to moderate positive (-0.542 to 0.253)(p < 0.05). The correlations between uric acid and growth traits (0.348-0.760) and SOD and growth traits (0.132-0.516) were low to moderate positive with significant differences (p < 0.05). The principal component plot, which highlighted three principal components (PC 1, PC 2, and PC 3), explained 86.44 and 86.53% of the total information in breast meat and liver for selecting animals for optimal balance of the variation in the growth traits, purine content, uric acid, and SOD. Although purebred Thai native chickens showed the lowest growth traits, purine content, uric acid, and SOD were also lowest compared to crossbred Thai native chickens. Therefore, the development of genetics in Thai native chickens to produce healthy food could be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kitsadee Chomchuen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wipas Loengbudnark
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Network Center of Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Network Center of Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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21
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Juiputta J, Chankitisakul V, Boonkum W. Appropriate Genetic Approaches for Heat Tolerance and Maintaining Good Productivity in Tropical Poultry Production: A Review. Vet Sci 2023; 10:591. [PMID: 37888543 PMCID: PMC10611393 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is a major environmental threat to poultry production systems, especially in tropical areas. The effects of heat stress have been discovered in several areas, including reduced growth rate, reduced egg production, low feed efficiency, impaired immunological responses, changes in intestinal microflora, metabolic changes, and deterioration of meat quality. Although several methods have been used to address the heat stress problem, it persists. The answer to this problem can be remedied sustainably if genetic improvement approaches are available. Therefore, the purpose of this review article was to present the application of different approaches to genetic improvement in poultry in the hope that users will find suitable solutions for their poultry population and be able to plan future poultry breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Juiputta
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.J.); (V.C.)
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.J.); (V.C.)
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.J.); (V.C.)
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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22
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Abo Ghanima MM, Abd El-Hack ME, Al-Otaibi AM, Nasr S, Almohmadi NH, Taha AE, Jaremko M, El-Kasrawy NI. Growth performance, liver and kidney functions, blood hormonal profile, and economic efficiency of broilers fed different levels of threonine supplementation during feed restriction. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102796. [PMID: 37321031 PMCID: PMC10404736 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the existing investigation was to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of threonine amino acid at different levels during feed restriction on growth indices, liver and kidney function parameters, and some hormonal profiles along with economic indicators in broiler chickens. A total of 1,600 from 2 different breeds (800 Ross 308 and 800 Indian River) at 21-day-old age were incorporated. Chicks were randomly assigned into 2 main groups, control and feed-restricted (8 h/d), during the fourth week of age. Each main group was subdivided into 4 groups. The first group was fed a basal diet without adding extra threonine (100%), the second, third, and fourth groups were fed a basal diet with extra threonine levels of 110, 120, and 130%, respectively. Each subgroup consisted of 10 replicates of 10 birds. We noticed that the dietary inclusion of threonine at extra levels in the basal diets significantly enhanced final body weight, body weight gain, and better feed conversion ratio. This was mainly due to the enhanced levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF1), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4). Moreover, the lowest feed cost per kilogram body weight gain and improved return parameters were reported in control and feed-restricted birds fed higher levels of threonine than other groups. Also, a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and urea levels was observed in feed-restricted birds supplemented with 120 and 130% levels of threonine. Hence, we recommend supplementing threonine at levels of 120 and 130% in the diet of broilers to promote growth and profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Abo Ghanima
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Aljohara M Al-Otaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 13225, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia Nasr
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa H Almohmadi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagwa I El-Kasrawy
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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23
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Roths M, Abeyta MA, Wilson B, Rudolph TE, Hudson MB, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH, Selsby JT. Effects of heat stress on markers of skeletal muscle proteolysis in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00356-9. [PMID: 37349209 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) markedly affects postabsorptive energetics and protein metabolism. Circulating urea nitrogen increases in multiple species during HS and it has been traditionally presumed to stem from increased skeletal muscle proteolysis; however, this has not been empirically established. We hypothesized HS would increase activation of the calpain and proteasome systems as well as increase degradation of autophagosomes in skeletal muscle. To test this hypothesis, lactating dairy cows (∼139 d in milk; parity ∼2.4) were exposed to thermal neutral (TN) or HS conditions for 7 d (8 cows/environment). To induce HS, cattle were fitted with electric blankets for the duration of the heating period and the semitendinosus was biopsied on d 7. Heat stress increased rectal temperature (1.3°C) and respiratory rate (38 breaths per minute) while it decreased dry matter intake (34%) and milk yield (32%). Plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) peaked following 3 d (46%) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) peaked following 4 d of environmental treatment and while both decreased thereafter, PUN and MUN remained elevated compared with TN (PUN: 20%; MUN: 27%) on d 7 of HS. Contrary to expectations, calpain I and II abundance and activation and calpain activity were similar between groups. Likewise, relative protein abundance of E3 ligases, muscle atrophy F-box protein/atrogin-1 and muscle ring-finger protein-1, total ubiquitinated proteins, and proteasome activity were similar between environmental treatments. Finally, autophagosome degradation was also unaltered by HS. Counter to our hypothesis, these results suggest skeletal muscle proteolysis is not increased following 7 d of HS and call into question the presumed dogma that elevated skeletal muscle proteolysis, per se, drives increased AA mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roths
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - B Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - T E Rudolph
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M B Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - R P Rhoads
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - J T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
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Brugaletta G, Laghi L, Zampiga M, Oliveri C, Indio V, Piscitelli R, Pignata S, Petracci M, De Cesare A, Sirri F. Metabolic and microbiota response to arginine supplementation and cyclic heat stress in broiler chickens. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1155324. [PMID: 37064901 PMCID: PMC10102354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1155324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to the biological role of arginine and its dietary supplementation in broilers under heat stress (HS) conditions. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess the response of broilers to arginine supplementation and cyclic HS, with a focus on liver, pectoral muscle, and blood metabolic profiles and the cecal microbiota. Day-old male Ross 308 broilers (n = 240) were placed in 2 rooms with 12 pens each for a 44-day trial. Pens were assigned to one of two groups (6 pens/group/room): the control group (CON) was given a basal diet in mash form and the treated group (ARG) was fed CON diet supplemented with crystalline L-arginine. The total arginine:lysine ratio of CON diet ranged between 1.02 and 1.07, while that of ARG diet was 1.20. One room was constantly kept at thermoneutral (TN) conditions, while the birds in the other room were kept at TN conditions until D34 and subjected to cyclic HS from D35 onwards (∼34°C; 9:00 A.M.–6:00 P.M.). Blood, liver, Pectoralis major muscle, and cecal content were taken from 2 birds per pen (12 birds/group/room) for metabolomics and microbiota analysis. Growth performance data were also collected on a pen basis. Arginine supplementation failed to reduce the adverse effects of HS on growth performance. Supplemented birds showed increased levels of arginine and creatine in plasma, liver, and P. major and methionine in liver, and reduced levels of glutamine in plasma, liver, and P. major. HS altered bioenergetic processes (increased levels of AMP and reduced levels of fumarate, succinate, and UDP), protein metabolism (increased protein breakdown to supply the liver with amino acids for energy production), and promoted the accumulation of antioxidant and protective molecules (histidine-containing dipeptides, beta-alanine, and choline), especially in P. major. Arginine supplementation may have partially counterbalanced the effects of HS on energy homeostasis by increasing creatine levels and attenuating the increase in AMP levels, particularly in P. major. It also significantly reduced cecal observed diversity, while HS increased alpha diversity indices and affected beta diversity. Results of taxonomic analysis at the phylum and family level are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Brugaletta
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Oliveri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaela Piscitelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Pignata
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federico Sirri,
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25
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Uyanga VA, Musa TH, Oke OE, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. Global trends and research frontiers on heat stress in poultry from 2000 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1123582. [PMID: 36824469 PMCID: PMC9941544 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1123582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Heat stress remains a major environmental factor affecting poultry production. With growing concerns surrounding climate change and its antecedent of global warming, research on heat stress in poultry has gradually gained increased attention. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the current status, identify the research frontiers, and highlight the research trends on heat stress in poultry research using bibliometric analysis. Methods: The literature search was performed on the Web of Science Core Collection database for documents published from 2000 to 2021. The documents retrieved were analyzed for their publication counts, countries, institutions, keywords, sources, funding, and citation records using the bibliometric app on R software. Network analysis for co-authorship, co-occurrence, citation, co-citation, and bibliographic coupling was visualized using the VOSviewer software. Results: A total of 468 publications were retrieved, and over the past two decades, there was a gradual increase in the annual number of publications (average growth rate: 4.56%). China had the highest contribution with respect to the number of publications, top contributing authors, collaborations, funding agencies, and institutions. Nanjing Agricultural University, China was the most prolific institution. Kazim Sahin from Firat University, Turkey contributed the highest number of publications and citations to heat stress in poultry research, and Poultry Science was the most productive and the most cited journal. The top 10 globally cited documents mainly focused on the effects of heat stress, alleviation of heat stress, and the association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry. All keywords were grouped into six clusters which included studies on "growth performance", "intestinal morphology", "heat stress", "immune response", "meat quality", and "oxidative stress" as current research hotspots. In addition, topics such as; "antioxidants", "microflora", "intestinal barrier", "rna-seq", "animal welfare", "gene expression", "probiotics", "feed restriction", and "inflammatory pathways" were identified for future research attention. Conclusion: This bibliometric study provides a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the global research trends on heat stress in poultry over the last two decades, and it is expected to serve as a useful reference for potential research that will help address the impacts of heat stress on poultry production globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China,*Correspondence: Victoria Anthony Uyanga, ; Hai Lin,
| | - Taha H. Musa
- Biomedical Research Institute, Darfur University College, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | | | - Hai Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China,*Correspondence: Victoria Anthony Uyanga, ; Hai Lin,
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Zhao J, Pan H, Liu Y, He Y, Shi H, Ge C. Interacting Networks of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Regulate Layer Hens Performance. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:141. [PMID: 36672882 PMCID: PMC9859134 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Egg production is a vital biological and economic trait for poultry breeding. The 'hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis' determines the egg production, which affects the layer hens industry income. At the organism level, the HPO axis is influenced by the factors related to metabolic and nutritional status, environment, and genetics, whereas at the cellular and molecular levels, the HPO axis is influenced by the factors related to endocrine and metabolic regulation, cytokines, key genes, signaling pathways, post-transcriptional processing, and epigenetic modifications. MiRNAs and lncRNAs play a critical role in follicle selection and development, atresia, and ovulation in layer hens; in particular, miRNA is known to affect the development and atresia of follicles by regulating apoptosis and autophagy of granulosa cells. The current review elaborates on the regulation of the HPO axis and its role in the laying performance of hens at the organism, cellular, and molecular levels. In addition, this review provides an overview of the interactive network regulation mechanism of the HPO axis in layer hens, as well as comprehensive knowledge for successfully utilizing their genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Zhao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming, Kunming 650201, China
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Hongbin Pan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yang He
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongmei Shi
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming, Kunming 650201, China
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27
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Li L, Cui Z, Wang H, Huang B, Ma H. Dietary supplementation of dimethyl itaconate protects against chronic heat stress-induced growth performance impairment and lipid metabolism disorder in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad120. [PMID: 37085946 PMCID: PMC10610747 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dietary supplementation of dimethyl itaconate (DI) on chronic heat stress (HS)-induced impairment of the growth performance and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. 21 days old male Ross 308 broiler chickens (a total of 120, about 700 g body weight) were randomly divided into five treatment groups, including control group, HS group, HS + 50 mg/kg DI group, HS + 150 mg/kg DI group, and HS + 200 mg/kg DI group, and each group contains eight cages of twenty-four broilers. The broiler chickens in the control group were raised in the room (21 ± 1 °C) and fed with a finisher diet for 21 days. The broiler chickens of the HS group and the HS + DI groups were raised in the room (32 ± 1 °C for 8 h/day) and fed with a finisher diet containing DI at 0, 50, 150, and 200 mg/kg diet for 21 days. The results showed that HS-induced decreases in the final body weight (P < 0.01), average daily gain (P < 0.01), and average daily feed intake (P < 0.01) were alleviated by dietary supplementation of DI (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation of DI attenuated the increases in the liver index (P < 0.01) and abdominal fat rate (P < 0.01) caused by HS in broilers (P < 0.05). Treatment with DI ameliorated HS-induced lipid accumulation in the liver and serum of broiler chickens (P < 0.05). The upregulation of mRNA levels of fat synthesis factors (P < 0.01) and downregulation of mRNA levels of lipolysis-related factors (P < 0.01) caused by HS were markedly blunted after treatment with DI in the liver of broilers (P < 0.05). Broilers exposed to HS exhibited lower phosphorylated protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase α and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α compared to the control group (P < 0.01), which were improved by treatment with DI (P < 0.01). Collectively, these results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of DI protects against chronic HS-induced growth performance impairment and lipid metabolism disorder in broiler chickens. These results not only provide a theoretical basis for DI to alleviate metabolic disorders but also provide a reference value for DI as a feed additive to improve heat stress in poultry caused by high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benzeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Madkour M, Aboelazab O, Abd El-Azeem N, Younis E, Shourrap M. Growth performance and hepatic antioxidants responses to early thermal conditioning in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:182-191. [PMID: 34994017 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There are little data about antioxidants' status responses to early thermal conditioning (TC) on broiler chickens. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the different time ages of thermal conditioning on antioxidants responses and the growth rate of broiler chicks. A total of two hundred forty-one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) weighed on average 51.5 ± 0.5g were randomly distributed into four equal groups (60 chicks each), and chicks of each group were ranked in five replicates. The first group reared under the ambient temperature, while the second, third and fourth groups (TC3, TC5 and TC7) were subjected to early-age thermal conditioning at 39°C for 6 h on the third, fifth and seventh day of age respectively. Broilers were fed ad-libitum, and drinking water was a free choice during the experimental period. At the end of the experimental period that lasted 5 weeks, all experimental groups were exposed to heat challenge at 36°C for 6 h. Early-age thermal conditioning did not affect growth performance. Plasma corticosterone elevation in TC5 (as a post-challenge response) was the lowest among the experimental groups. Hepatic malondialdehyde significantly increased in TC5 and TC7 groups both at the post-conditioning stage and at the end of the experimental period. Hepatic glutathione, glutathione S-transferases, catalase and superoxide dismutase significantly decreased by early-age thermal conditioning compared with non-conditioned broilers. Microscopic examination of the liver sections from broilers chickens in TC5 and TC7 groups showed all the basic features of normal liver tissue, while the control and TC3 groups showed few necrotic areas. It could be concluded that early-age thermal conditioning at 39°C for 6 h on the fifth day of age could improve the antioxidant defence system of broilers without any adverse effects on growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama Aboelazab
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Eman Younis
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shourrap
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Lan R, Wang Y, Wei L, Wu F, Yin F. Heat stress exposure changed liver lipid metabolism and abdominal fat deposition in broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fuquan Yin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Liu YL, Ding KN, Shen XL, Liu HX, Zhang YA, Liu YQ, He YM, Tang LP. Chronic heat stress promotes liver inflammation in broilers via enhancing NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathway. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:289. [PMID: 35871002 PMCID: PMC9308265 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effects of chronic heat stress on liver inflammatory injury and its potential mechanisms in broilers. Chickens were randomly assigned to the 1-week control group (Control 1), 1-week heat stress group (HS1), 2-week control group (Control 2), and a 2-week heat stress group (HS2) with 15 replicates per group. Broilers in the heat stress groups were exposed to heat stress (35 ± 2 °C) for 8 h/d for 7 or 14 consecutive days, and the rest of 26 hours/day were kept at 23 ± 2 °C like control group broilers. Growth performance and liver inflammatory injury were examined for the analysis of liver injury. Results The results showed that heat stress for 2 weeks decreased the growth performance, reduced the liver weight (P < 0.05) and liver index (P < 0.05), induced obvious bleeding and necrosis points. Liver histological changes found that the heat stress induced the liver infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes in broilers. Serum levels of AST and SOD were enhanced in HS1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and HS2 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) group, compared with control 1 and 2 group broilers. The MDA content in HS1 group was higher than that of in control 1 group broilers (P < 0.05). Both the gene and protein expression levels of HSP70, TLR4 and NF-κB in the liver were significantly enhanced by heat stress. Furthermore, heat stress obviously enhanced the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB P65, IκB and their phosphorylated proteins in the livers of broilers. In addition, heat stress promoted the activation of NLRP3 with increased NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β levels. Conclusions These results suggested that heat stress can cause liver inflammation via activation of the TLR4-NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways in broilers. With the extension of heat stress time, the effect of heat stress on the increase of NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways tended to slow down. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03388-0.
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Oladokun S, Adewole DI. Biomarkers of heat stress and mechanism of heat stress response in Avian species: Current insights and future perspectives from poultry science. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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De Grande A, Ducatelle R, Leleu S, Rapp C, Torres C, Petracci M, De Smet S, Michiels J, Haesebrouck F, Van Immerseel F, Delezie E. Effects of the dietary zinc source and vitamin E level on live weight and carcass yield and meat quality in male broilers reared under chronic cyclic heat stress conditions in the finisher phase. Front Physiol 2022; 13:992689. [PMID: 36277189 PMCID: PMC9584640 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.992689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the interaction of the zinc source (ZnSO4 vs. zinc amino acid complex) and vitamin E level (50 IU/kg vs. 100 IU/kg) on meat yield and quality in broilers subjected to chronic cyclic heat stress in the finisher phase. A total of 1224 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly distributed among four dietary treatments. Each treatment contained nine replicates of 34 birds, housed in floor pens in a temperature- and lighting-controlled room. Treatments were organized in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: two sources of zinc, 60 mg/kg of Zn as ZnSO4 or 60 mg/kg of Zn as zinc amino acid complexes (ZnAA), combined with two levels of vitamin E (50 or 100 IU/kg). From day 28 until day 37 (finisher phase), all birds were subjected to chronic cyclic heat stress (32 ± 2°C for 6 h daily). In the present study, it was observed that replacing ZnSO4 with ZnAA increased breast meat weight and yield of broilers reared under chronic cyclic heat stress conditions, whereas total slaughter yield was not affected. Moreover, it was observed that replacing ZnSO4 with ZnAA resulted in breast meat with a lower drip and thawing loss and a higher marinade uptake. In conclusion, replacing ZnSO4 with more readily available ZnAA can improve breast meat yield and increase the water-holding capacity of breast meat of broilers exposed to chronic cyclic heat stress at the end of the production cycle. However, as no thermoneutral group was included in the present study, the observed effects of the zinc source cannot be generalized as a solution for heat stress. Moreover, the beneficial effects of ZnAA on breast meat yield and quality seem to be independent of the vitamin E level, and increasing vitamin E level has no additional beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annatachja De Grande
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Annatachja De Grande,
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Saskia Leleu
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Michiels
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Delezie
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
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Mohammed A, Hu J, Murugesan R, Cheng HW. Effects of a synbiotic as an antibiotic alternative on behavior, production performance, cecal microbial ecology, and jejunal histomorphology of broiler chickens under heat stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274179. [PMID: 36170274 PMCID: PMC9518870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine if synbiotics present similar efficiency to a common antibiotic used in poultry production under heat stress (HS) conditions. Two hundred and forty-one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chicks were distributed among 3 treatments with 8 pens per treatment of 80 birds each for a 42-day trial. From day 15, birds were heat stressed (32°C for 9 h daily, HS) and fed the basal diet (CONT), the basal diet mixed with an antibiotic (Bactiracin Methylene Disalicylate) (0.05 g/kg of feed, BMD) or a synbiotic (0.5 g/kg of feed, SYN). The treatment effects on bird behavior, production performance, jejunal histomorphology, and cecal microbial ecology were examined. Behavioral observation was recorded by using instantaneous scan sampling technique. Production parameters were measured on day 14, 28, and 42. Cecal microbial populations of Escherichia coli and Lactobacilli and jejunal histomorphological parameters were measured at day 42. The results showed that, SYN birds exhibited more feeding and preening but less drinking and panting behaviors compared with both BMD and CONT birds (P < 0.05). The SYN birds also had higher body weight (BW) at both day 28 and 42 compared to CONT birds (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, the counts of Escherichia coli of SYN birds were at the similar levels of BMD but were lower than that of CONT birds (P < 0.05); while there were no treatment effects on the populations of Lactobacilli (P > 0.05). In addition, SYN birds had greater villus height compared with both CONT and BMD birds (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the dietary synbiotic supplement has significant performance and welfare benefits, with the potential to be used as an alternative to antibiotics for poultry meat production, especially during hot seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohammed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal and Poultry Behavior and Management, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jiaying Hu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Raj Murugesan
- BIOMIN America, Inc., Overland Park, KS, United States of America
| | - Heng-Wei Cheng
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ahmad R, Yu YH, Hsiao FSH, Su CH, Liu HC, Tobin I, Zhang G, Cheng YH. Influence of Heat Stress on Poultry Growth Performance, Intestinal Inflammation, and Immune Function and Potential Mitigation by Probiotics. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172297. [PMID: 36078017 PMCID: PMC9454943 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The poultry industry sustains severe economic loss under heat stress conditions. Heat stress adversely affects the productivity, physiological status, and immunity of birds. To date, several mitigation measures have been adopted to minimize the negative effects of heat stress in poultry. Nutritional strategies have been explored as a promising approach to mitigate heat stress-associated deleterious impacts. Of these, probiotic feeding has a strong potential as a nutritional strategy, and this approach warrants further investigation to improve thermotolerance in poultry. Abstract Heat stress has emerged as a serious threat to the global poultry industry due to climate change. Heat stress can negatively impact the growth, gut health, immune function, and production and reproductive performances of poultry. Different strategies have been explored to mitigate heat stress in poultry; however, only a few have shown potential. Probiotics are gaining the attention of poultry nutritionists, as they are capable of improving the physiology, gut health, and immune system of poultry under heat stress. Therefore, application of probiotics along with proper management are considered to potentially help negate some of the negative impacts of heat stress on poultry. This review presents scientific insight into the impact of heat stress on poultry health and growth performance as well as the application of probiotics as a promising approach to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan
| | - Felix Shih-Hsiang Hsiao
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hui Su
- Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Yilan 268020, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chou Liu
- Ilan Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Yilan 268020, Taiwan
| | - Isabel Tobin
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yeong-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (Y.-H.C.)
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Akinyemi F, Adewole D. Effects of brown seaweed products on growth performance, plasma biochemistry, immune response, and antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens challenged with heat stress. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102215. [PMID: 36288626 PMCID: PMC9593180 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) is an exceptional bioactive substance known for its excellent antioxidant ability. Given the potential benefits of brown seaweed, the current study was conducted to determine its efficacy on growth performance, blood biochemistry, immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), and the antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens challenged with heat stress (HS). A total of 336 mixed-sex Ross 308 broiler chicks (one-day-old) were randomly assigned into two groups; The thermoneutral group (TN, broilers were raised at 24 ± 1°C); and the heat stress group (HS; broilers were exposed to 32°C to 34°C, 8 h/d from day 21 to 27; the temperature in the remaining time was same as TN group). All birds in each group were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments—Negative control (NC) (without seaweed), NC + 1 mL seaweed extract (SWE) in drinking water, NC + 2 mL SWE in drinking water, and NC + 2% seaweed meal (SWM) in feed. Each treatment was assigned to six replicates with 7 broilers/replicate. Average body weight gain (ABWG), average feed intake (AFI), average water intake (AWI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality were determined weekly. On day 28, two male birds/cage were euthanized to collect blood and immune organs for subsequent biochemical, antioxidant, and immune status analysis. Data were analyzed as a 4 × 2 factorial analysis of variance using the GLM procedure of Minitab software. Overall, 2% SWM inclusion significantly increased (P < 0.05) the AFI, ABWG, and AWI of broiler chickens irrespective of HS. HS significantly reduced (P < 0.05) AFI and increased (P < 0.05) the bird's rectal temperature, plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, glucose, amylase, and uric acid compared to TN birds. HS increased (P < 0.05) serum IgM and IgG and decreased plasma glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase compared to TN birds, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was not affected by HS and dietary treatments. 1 mL SWE in water and 2% SWM in feed significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the plasma activity of alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase of heat-stressed broilers, respectively compared to other treatments. Conclusively, dietary supplementation of brown seaweed improved the growth performance of birds irrespective of HS and may help to reduce the negative effects of HS by improving the plasma enzyme activities of heat-stressed birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisayo Akinyemi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
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Brugaletta G, Teyssier JR, Rochell SJ, Dridi S, Sirri F. A review of heat stress in chickens. Part I: Insights into physiology and gut health. Front Physiol 2022; 13:934381. [PMID: 35991182 PMCID: PMC9386003 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.934381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) compromises the yield and quality of poultry products and endangers the sustainability of the poultry industry. Despite being homeothermic, chickens, especially fast-growing broiler lines, are particularly sensitive to HS due to the phylogenetic absence of sweat glands, along with the artificial selection-caused increase in metabolic rates and limited development of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Clinical signs and consequences of HS are multifaceted and include alterations in behavior (e.g., lethargy, decreased feed intake, and panting), metabolism (e.g., catabolic state, fat accumulation, and reduced skeletal muscle accretion), general homeostasis (e.g., alkalosis, hormonal imbalance, immunodeficiency, inflammation, and oxidative stress), and gastrointestinal tract function (e.g., digestive and absorptive disorders, enteritis, paracellular barrier failure, and dysbiosis). Poultry scientists and companies have made great efforts to develop effective solutions to counteract the detrimental effects of HS on health and performance of chickens. Feeding and nutrition have been shown to play a key role in combating HS in chicken husbandry. Nutritional strategies that enhance protein and energy utilization as well as dietary interventions intended to restore intestinal eubiosis are of increasing interest because of the marked effects of HS on feed intake, nutrient metabolism, and gut health. Hence, the present review series, divided into Part I and Part II, seeks to synthesize information on the effects of HS on physiology, gut health, and performance of chickens, with emphasis on potential solutions adopted in broiler chicken nutrition to alleviate these effects. Part I provides introductory knowledge on HS physiology to make good use of the nutritional themes covered by Part II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Brugaletta
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jean-Rémi Teyssier
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Samuel J. Rochell
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federico Sirri,
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Uyanga VA, Oke EO, Amevor FK, Zhao J, Wang X, Jiao H, Onagbesan OM, Lin H. Functional roles of taurine, L-theanine, L-citrulline, and betaine during heat stress in poultry. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:23. [PMID: 35264238 PMCID: PMC8908636 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is an important environmental stress factor affecting poultry production on a global scale. With the rise in ambient temperature and increasing effects of global warming, it becomes pertinent to understand the effects of HS on poultry production and the strategies that can be adopted to mitigate its detrimental impacts on the performance, health, welfare, immunity, and survival of birds. Amino acids (AAs) have been increasingly adopted as nutritional modifiers in animals to ameliorate the adverse effects of HS. They are essential for protein synthesis, growth, maintenance, reproduction, immunity, stress response, and whole-body homeostasis. However, HS tends to adversely affect the availability, transport, absorption, and utilization of these AAs. Studies have investigated the provision of these AAs to poultry during HS conditions, and variable findings have been reported. Taurine, L-theanine, and L-citrulline are non-essential amino acids that are increasingly gaining attention as nutritional supplements in HS animals. Similarly, betaine is an amino acid derivative that possesses favorable biological properties which contributes to its role as a functional additive during HS. Of particular note, taurine is negligible in plants, while betaine, L-theanine, and L-citrulline can be found in selected plants. These nutrients are barely found in feed ingredients, but their supply has been shown to elicit important physiological roles including anti-stress effects, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, gut promoting, and immunomodulatory functions. The present review provides information on the use of these nutritionally and physiologically beneficial nutrients as functional additives to poultry diets during HS conditions. Presently, although several studies have reported on the positive effects of these additives in human and murine studies, however, there is limited information regarding their utilization during heat stress in poultry nutrition. Therefore, this review aims to expound on the functional properties of these nutrients, their potentials for HS alleviation, and to stimulate further researches on their biological roles in poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Emmanuel O Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B, Abeokuta, Ogun State, 2240, Nigeria
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Okanlawon M Onagbesan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B, Abeokuta, Ogun State, 2240, Nigeria
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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Biswal J, Vijayalakshmy K, T. K B, Rahman H. Impact of heat stress on poultry production. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2003168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsnarani Biswal
- South Asia Regional Office, International Livestock Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kennady Vijayalakshmy
- South Asia Regional Office, International Livestock Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhattacharya T. K
- Molecular Genetics, ICAR – Directorate of Poultry Research (DPR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Habibar Rahman
- South Asia Regional Office, International Livestock Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Chang Q, Cai H, Wei L, Lan R. Chitosan oligosaccharides alleviate acute heat stress-induced oxidative damage by activating ERK1/2-mediated HO-1 and GSH-Px gene expression in breast muscle of broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101515. [PMID: 34826744 PMCID: PMC8626842 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on acute heat stress (AHS) induced poor meat quality by alleviating oxidative damage through mitogen-activated protein kinase-nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant responsive element (MAPK-Nrf2-ARE) signaling pathway. A total of 108 thirty-five-day-old Chinese indigenous broilers (Luhua chicken) was used for this 42-d experiment. The broilers were randomly allocated to 3 treatments: control group (CON), AHS group, and AHS with 400 mg/kg COS supplementation (AHS-C) group. Both CON and AHS groups given the basal diet, and the AHS-C group given the basal diet with 400 mg/kg COS supplementation. On d 42, broilers in the AHS and AHS-C groups treated with AHS (increasing temperature from 24 to 34°C in 2-h and held for another 2-h), and the CON group under normal temperature (24°C). AHS exposure elevated (P < 0.05) body temperature (rectal, comb, eyelids, and feet) of broilers, increased (P < 0.05) breast muscle lightness (L*), drip loss, share force, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and catalase (CAT) activity, however, decreased (P < 0.05) pH45min, pH24h, redness (a*), and relative expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Compared to the AHS group, dietary COS supplementation increased (P < 0.05) breast muscle pH45min, pH24h, and a*, H2O2 scavenging activity, as well as relative expression of HO-1 and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), however, decreased (P < 0.05) drip loss, share force, superoxide anion free radicals (O2•−) scavenging activity, ROS production, and MDA content. It was concluded that AHS impaired meat quality, which may be related to oxidative damage, as evidenced by increasing ROS production, MDA content, and decreasing the relative expression of HO-1. Dietary COS supplementation could effectively elevate the meat quality of broilers exposed to AHS via decreasing ROS production, activating the Nrf2 pathway, and Nrf2-mediated HO-1 and GSH-Px gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524-088, P.R. China
| | - Haoan Cai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524-088, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wei
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524-088, P.R. China
| | - Ruixia Lan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524-088, P.R. China.
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Hosseini H, Esmaeili M, Zare M, Rombenso A. Egg enrichment with n-3 fatty acids in farmed hens in sub-optimum temperature: A cold-temperament additive mix alleviates adverse effects of stress on performance and health. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1333-1344. [PMID: 34773290 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
At some stage, laying hen farming is likely to be subjected to sub-optimum temperatures (SOTem) due to climate change. While egg enrichment with n-3 fatty acids is a common practice in the poultry industry, in SOTem it has been less investigated. This study tested the effects of egg enrichment through extruded flaxseed (FLX) (180 g/kg) alone or along with hulled-soaked barley (H-SB) (170 g/kg), namely FLBA, with and without a cold-temperament additive mix (CTA) (25 g/kg: 5 g/kg flixweed (Descurainia sophia), 10 g/kg dried herb-extraction residues from pussy willow (Salix aegyptiaca) and 10 g/kg dried lemon (Citrus limon) residue) in two temperatures (20°C and SOTem: 27°C) on egg performance, yolk fatty acids, lipid components, blood biochemistry, serological enzymes, antioxidant and immune system of Hy-Line W-36 53-week-old for 9 weeks. Two hundred seventy layers were randomly distributed to nine treatments, resulting in six replicates with five hens. Hens fed flaxseed diets, regardless of temperature or CTA, had higher levels of n-3 fatty acids in yolks than others. Temperature negatively influenced feed intake and egg production. FLX + H27 and FLBA + H27 groups outperformed the other groups regarding cholesterol in yolk (10.1, 10.3 mg/g yolk), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (5.19, 4.93 mg/g yolk), total protein (FLX + H27: 6.82 mg/dl), HDL in the blood (FLBA + H27:83.8 mg/dl), superoxide dismutase (FLBA + H27:90.4 U/ml), glutathione reductase (FLBA + H27: 1042.1 U/ml), glutathione peroxidase (FLX + H27: 1149.7 U/ml) and catalase (FLBA + H27: 12.5 U/ml). Total antibody, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M after 42 days were significantly higher in chicks fed CTA-added diets (p < 0.05). Replacing corn and soya bean meal with H-SB did not negatively change the above-mentioned factors. Our findings collectively suggest that egg enrichment with n-3 fatty acids through dietary FLBA + H27 (180 g/kg flaxseed, 170 g/kg H-SB, and 25 g/kg CTA) in SOtem is suggested without any adverse impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, Pathobiology & Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Moha Esmaeili
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Mahyar Zare
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Artur Rombenso
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Livestock & Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Centre, Bribie Island, Qld, Australia
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Ayo JO, Ogbuagu NE. Heat stress, haematology and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens: insight into impact and antioxidant-induced amelioration. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1959279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. O. Ayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - N. E. Ogbuagu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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42
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Hu J, Xiong Y, Gates RS, Cheng HW. Perches as Cooling Devices for Reducing Heat Stress in Caged Laying Hens: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113026. [PMID: 34827759 PMCID: PMC8614426 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most detrimental environmental challenges affecting the biological process and the related production performance of farm animals, especially in poultry. Commercial laying hens have been bred (selected) for high egg production, resulting in increased sensitivity to heat stress due to breeding-linked metabolic heat production. In addition, laying hens are prone to heat stress due to their inadequate species-specific cooling mechanisms resulting in low heat tolerance. In addition, hens have no sweat glands and feathering covers almost their entire body to minimize body heat loss. The poultry industry and scientists are developing cooling methods to prevent or reduce heat stress-caused damage to chicken health, welfare, and economic losses. We have designed and tested a cooling system using perches, in which chilled water (10 °C) circulates through a conventional perch passing through the layer cages to offer the cooling potential to improve hen health, welfare, and performance during acute and chronic periods of heat stress (35 °C). This review summarizes the outcomes of a multi-year study using the designed cooled perch system. The results indicate that conducting heat from perching hens directly onto the cooled perch system efficiently reduces heat stress and related damage in laying hens. It provides a novel strategy: perches, one key furnishment in cage-free and enriched colony facilities, could be modified as cooling devices to improve thermal comfort for hens during hot seasons, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Hu
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Yijie Xiong
- Departments of Animal Science, and Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Richard S. Gates
- Departments of Animal Science, and Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Egg Industry Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Heng-Wei Cheng
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence:
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43
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Elsayed AAM, Abol-Ela SS, Askar AA, Mohamed LA, El-Sayed SAA, Ahmed SYA, Moustafa AA, Alagawany M. Supplementation of different zinc sources to low-CP diets and its effect on performance, carcass traits, liver and kidney functions, immunological, and antioxidant parameters of quail chicks. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101463. [PMID: 34619580 PMCID: PMC8498461 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the influence of low crude protein (CP) levels, zinc sources (organic as zinc methionine-Zn-Met and inorganic as zinc oxide-ZnO) and their interactions on growth performance, carcass traits, and blood components of growing Japanese quail. A total of 450 one-wk-old Japanese quail with the same body weights were randomly distributed into 9 groups of 50 birds. The 9-diet treatments comprised 3 levels of CP (20, 22, and 24%) and 3 Zn source (0 g of Zn/kg diet, 0.1 g ZnO/kg diet, and 0.1 g Zn-Met/kg diet). The results obtained from this study showed that there were no significant differences among the groups, except for differences in body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) at 3 to 5 – and 1 to 5 wk of age for quail supplemented with 24% and 20% CP. All the studied biochemical parameters were significantly influenced by different levels of CP and Zn, except urea and creatinine, which were affected by CP levels only. In conclusion, dietary protein level for growing Japanese quails could be reduced to 20% without negative effects on their performance, carcass traits, and blood metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A M Elsayed
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Salah S Abol-Ela
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ali A Askar
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Laila A Mohamed
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Sabry A A El-Sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Sarah Y A Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Amr A Moustafa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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44
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Aslam MA, İpek E, Riaz R, Ӧzsoy ŞY, Shahzad W, Güleş Ӧ. Exposure of broiler chickens to chronic heat stress increases the severity of white striping on the pectoralis major muscle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:502. [PMID: 34613480 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cyclic or chronic heat stress (HS) on the incidence and severity of white striping (WS) and histopathological changes in breast muscle of broiler chickens. One hundred eighty 1-day-old male chickens were randomly assigned to three research groups: control (standard temperature throughout the experiment), cyclic HS (32 ºC between 0800 and 2000 h from day 21 until the end of the experiment), and chronic HS (32 ºC from day 21 onwards). Cyclic and chronic HS groups showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in body weight gain and feed intake and poor feed conversion ratio in grower, finisher, and overall period. Serum biochemical profile was not different among the groups except globulin and P which were significantly higher (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively), in cyclic and chronic HS groups. Overall, WS incidence was numerically higher in control birds followed by chronic HS and cyclic HS birds, respectively. The chronic HS group had a lower incidence of mild (score 1) and a higher incidence of severe (score 2) WS lesions compared to control and cyclic HS groups. Histopathological analysis revealed that broilers subjected to chronic HS showed increased severity of myodegenerative changes, perivenular CD3 + cell infiltration, and lipidosis compared to control group. However, control and cyclic HS groups were not different in terms of histopathological lesions. In conclusion, this study confirms that cyclic or chronic HS may adversely affect the growth performance and that chronic HS may increase the severity of WS in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Aslam
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Emrah İpek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Işıklı, Aydın, 09016, Turkey.
| | - Roshan Riaz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Şule Yurdagül Ӧzsoy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Işıklı, Aydın, 09016, Turkey
| | | | - Ӧzay Güleş
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Afyon, Turkey
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Hydroxy Selenomethionine Improves Meat Quality through Optimal Skeletal Metabolism and Functions of Selenoproteins of Pigs under Chronic Heat Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101558. [PMID: 34679693 PMCID: PMC8533020 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heat stress (CHS) induces metabolic changes in skeletal muscle from growth to maintenance that jeopardizes growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of pigs. We investigated the protective effect of dietary organic selenium (hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid, OH-SeMet) on CHS-induced skeletal muscle damages of growing pigs, and the corresponding responses of selenoproteins. A total of 40 ((Landrace ×Yorkshire) × Duroc) pigs with an average live weight of 49.64 ± 2.48 kg were used in this 4-week trial. Pigs were randomly allotted to 5 groups: The control group was raised on a basal diet in a thermoneutral environment (22 ± 2 °C); and four CHS groups were raised on a basal diet and supplemented with Se 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/kg as OH-SeMet, respectively, in hyperthermal condition (33 ± 2 °C). CHS resulted in significant decrease of growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality, which were associated with reduced (p < 0.05) serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and increased (p < 0.05) serum creatine (CK), sarcous heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), glucokinase (GCK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Meanwhile, four metabolism-related genes and seven selenoprotein encoding genes were abnormally expressed in skeletal muscle. Dietary OH-SeMet addition partially alleviated the negative impact of CHS on carcass traits and improved meat quality. These improvements were accompanied by the increase in Se deposition, the anti-oxidative capacity of serum and muscle, and protein abundance of GPX1, GPX3, GPX4, and SELENOP. Supplementation with 0.6 mg Se/kg (OH-SeMet) restored the sarcous PEPCK, and 0.4 and 0.6 mg Se/kg (OH-SeMet) restored all abnormally expressed metabolism-related and selenoprotein encoding genes. In summary, dietary supplementation with OH-SeMet beyond Se requirement mitigated CHS-induced depression of carcass traits and meat quality of pigs associated with optimal skeletal metabolism, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and regulation of selenoproteins in skeletal muscle of pigs.
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46
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Ayo JO, Ogbuagu NE, Toluhi CA, Abdullahi US, Ramon-Yusuf SB. Diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in cloacal temperature in helmeted guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris) and the effect of ascorbic acid. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1972261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Ejum Ogbuagu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Charles Ayokanmi Toluhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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47
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Chen S, Yong Y, Ju X. Effect of heat stress on growth and production performance of livestock and poultry: Mechanism to prevention. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103019. [PMID: 34420644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a widespread phenomenon in domestic animal feeding in tropical and sub-tropical areas that are subjected to a growing negative effect in livestock and poultry due to global warming. It leads to reduced food intake, retarded growth, intestinal disequilibrium, lower reproductive performance, immunity and endocrine disorders in livestock and poultry. Many studies show that the pathogenesis of heat stress is mainly related to oxidative stress, hormone secretion disorder, cytokine imbalance, cell apoptosis, cell autophagy, and abnormal cell function. Its mechanism refers to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, the fluctuation of tight junction protein and heat shock protein expression, and protein epigenetic modification. This manuscript reviews the mechanism of heat stress through an insight into the digestive, reproductive, immune, and endocrine system. Lastly, the progress in prevention and control techniques of heat stress has been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518018, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yanhong Yong
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518018, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518018, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Hajati H, Zaghari M, Noori O, Negarandeh R, de Oliveira HC. Effects of in ovo injection of microalgae on hatchability, antioxidant and immunity-related genes expression, and post-hatch performance in broilers and Japanese quails. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1910582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hosna Hajati
- Animal Science Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zaghari
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Omid Noori
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Negarandeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Breast muscle and plasma metabolomics profile of broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress conditions. Animal 2021; 15:100275. [PMID: 34120075 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the variations of muscle and plasma metabolites in response to high environmental temperature can provide important information on the molecular mechanisms related to body energy homeostasis in heat-stressed broiler chickens. In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic heat stress conditions on the breast muscle (Pectoralis major) and plasma metabolomics profile of broiler chickens by means of an innovative, high-throughput analytical approach such as the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrometry. A total of 300 Ross 308 male chicks were split into two experimental groups and raised in either thermoneutral conditions for the entire rearing cycle (0-41 days) (TNT group; six replicates of 25 birds/each) or exposed to chronic heat stress conditions (30 °C for 24 h/day) from 35 to 41 days (CHS group; six replicates of 25 birds/each). At processing (41 days), plasma and breast muscle samples were obtained from 12 birds/experimental group and then subjected to 1H NMR analysis. The reduction of BW and feed intake as well as the increase in rectal temperature and heterophil: lymphocyte ratio confirmed that our experimental model was able to stimulate a thermal stress response without significantly affecting mortality. The 1H NMR analysis revealed that a total of 26 and 19 molecules, mostly related to energy and protein metabolism as well as antioxidant response, showed significantly different concentrations respectively in the breast muscle and plasma in response to the thermal challenge. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study indicated that chronic heat stress significantly modulates the breast muscle and plasma metabolome in fast-growing broiler chickens, allowing to delineate potential metabolic changes that can have important implications in terms of body energy homeostasis, growth performance and product quality.
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50
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Hu H, Bai X, Xu K, Zhang C, Chen L. Effect of phloretin on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant profile in heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101217. [PMID: 34161850 PMCID: PMC8237358 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of phloretin on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant profile, glutathione (GSH)-related enzymes, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in heat-stressed broilers. A total of 240, 22-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were divided into 4 groups. The control group was housed at 23.0 ± 0.61°C and fed with basal diet, while the 3 heat-stressed groups (A, B, and C groups) were housed at 30.5 ± 0.69°C and fed with basal diet containing 0, 100, and 200 mg/kg phloretin, respectively. Serum was taken form 42-day-old broilers. Results showed that heat stress decreased (P < 0.05) the final body weight (FBW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), serum total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), GSH, catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels, but increased (P < 0.05) the feed-to-gain ratio (FGR) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in broilers compared with that in the control group. Among the heat-stressed groups, supplementary 200 mg/kg phloretin increased (P < 0.05) the FBW, BWG, FI, serum TP, TG, T4, GSH, CAT, and T-AOC levels, and decreased (P < 0.05) the FGR and serum MDA in broilers. There were significant decreases (P < 0.05) in the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), and Nrf2, but significant increases (P < 0.05) in the HSP70 of the broiler serum after heat stress treatment. Among the heat-stressed groups, supplementary 200 mg/kg phloretin increased (P < 0.05) the GSH-Px, γ-GCS, and Nrf2 levels, but decreased (P < 0.05) the serum HSP70 level in the heat-stressed broilers. Under high temperature condition, FBW, BWG, FI, FGR, serum TP, TG, T4, MDA, GSH, CAT, T-AOC, GSH-Px, γ-GCS, Nrf2 and HSP70 were linearly affected by inclusion of phloretin. These results indicated that phloretin may improve growth performance, serum parameters, and antioxidant profiles through regulated GSH-related enzymes, Nrf2 and HSP70 in heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Xi Bai
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Kexing Xu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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